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Title: New Atlantis

Author: Francis Bacon

Release date: December 1, 2000 [eBook #2434]
Most recently updated: November 30, 2024

Language: English

Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2434

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THE NEW ATLANTIS

BY

SIR FRANCIS BACON

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

Bacon's literary executor, Dr. Rowley, published "The New Atlantis" in
1627, the year after the author's death. It seems to have been written about
1623, during that period of literary activity which followed Bacon's political
fall. None of Bacon's writings gives in short apace so vivid a picture of his
tastes and aspirations as this fragment of the plan of an ideal
commonwealth. The generosity and enlightenment, the dignity and
splendor, the piety and public spirit, of the inhabitants of Bensalem
represent the ideal qualities which Bacon the statesman desired rather than
hoped to see characteristic of his own country; and in Solomon's House we
have Bacon the scientist indulging without restriction his prophetic vision
of the future of human knowledge. No reader acquainted in any degree with
the processes and results of modern scientific inquiry can fail to be struck
by the numerous approximations made by Bacon's imagination to the actual
achievements of modern times. The plan and organization of his great
college lay down the main lines of the modern research university; and both
in pure and applied science he anticipates a strikingly large number of
recent inventions and discoveries. In still another way is "The New
Atlantis" typical of Bacon's attitude. In spite of the enthusiastic and broad-
minded schemes he laid down for the pursuit of truth, Bacon always had an
eye to utility. The advancement of science which he sought was conceived
by him as a means to a practical end the increase of man's control over
nature, and the comfort and convenience of humanity. For pure
metaphysics, or any form of abstract thinking that yielded no "fruit," he had
little interest; and this leaning to the useful is shown in the practical
applications of the discoveries made by the scholars of Solomon's House.
Nor does the interest of the work stop here. It contains much, both in its

political and in its scientific ideals, that we have as yet by no means
achieved, but which contain valuable elements of suggestion and stimulus
for the future.

THE NEW ATLANTIS

We sailed from Peru, (where we had continued for the space of one
whole year) for China and Japan, by the South Sea; taking with us victuals
for twelve months; and had good winds from the east, though soft and
weak, for five months space, and more. But the wind came about, and
settled in the west for many days, so as we could make little or no way, and
were sometime in purpose to turn back. But then again there arose strong
and great winds from the south, with a point east, which carried us up (for
all that we could do) towards the north; by which time our victuals failed
us, though we had made good spare of them. So that finding ourselves, in
the midst of the greatest wilderness of waters in the world, without victuals,
we gave ourselves for lost men and prepared for death. Yet we did lift up
our hearts and voices to God above, who showeth his wonders in the deep,
beseeching him of his mercy, that as in the beginning he discovered the face
of the deep, and brought forth dry land, so he would now discover land to
us, that we might not perish.

And it came to pass that the next day about evening we saw within a
kenning before us, towards the north, as it were thick clouds, which did put
us in some hope of land; knowing how that part of the South Sea was
utterly unknown; and might have islands, or continents, that hitherto were
not come to light. Wherefore we bent our course thither, where we saw the
appearance of land, all that night; and in the dawning of the next day, we
might plainly discern that it was a land; flat to our sight, and full of
boscage; which made it show the more dark. And after an hour and a half's
sailing, we entered into a good haven, being the port of a fair city; not great
indeed, but well built, and that gave a pleasant view from the sea: and we
thinking every minute long, till we were on land, came close to the shore,

and offered to land. But straightways we saw divers of the people, with
bastons in their hands (as it were) forbidding us to land; yet without any
cries of fierceness, but only as warning us off, by signs that they made.
Whereupon being not a little discomforted, we were advising with
ourselves, what we should do.

During which time, there made forth to us a small boat, with about eight
persons in it; whereof one of them had in his hand a tipstaff of a yellow
cane, tipped at both ends with blue, who came aboard our ship, without any
show of distrust at all. And when he saw one of our number, present himself
somewhat before the rest, he drew forth a little scroll of parchment
(somewhat yellower than our parchment, and shining like the leaves of
writing tables, but otherwise soft and flexible,) and delivered it to our
foremost man. In which scroll were written in ancient Hebrew, and in
ancient Greek, and in good Latin of the school, and in Spanish, these words:
Land ye not, none of you; and provide to be gone from this coast, within
sixteen days, except you have further time given you. Meanwhile, if you
want fresh water or victuals, or help for your sick, or that your ship needeth
repairs, write down your wants, and you shall have that, which belongeth to
mercy. This scroll was signed with a stamp of cherubim: wings, not spread,
but hanging downwards; and by them a cross. This being delivered, the
officer returned, and left only a servant with us to receive our answer.

Consulting hereupon amongst ourselves, we were much perplexed. The
denial of landing and hasty warning us away troubled us much; on the other
side, to find that the people had languages, and were so full of humanity,
did comfort us not a little. And above all, the sign of the cross to that
instrument was to us a great rejoicing, and as it were a certain presage of
good. Our answer was in the Spanish tongue; that for our ship, it was well;
for we had rather met with calms and contrary winds than any tempests. For
our sick, they were many, and in very ill case; so that if they were not
permitted to land, they ran danger of their lives. Our other wants we set
down in particular; adding, That we had some little store of merchandise,
which if it pleased them to deal for, it might supply our wants, without
being chargeable unto them. We offered some reward in pistolets unto the
servant, and a piece of crimson velvet to be presented to the officer; but the

servant took them not, nor would scarce look upon them; and so left us, and
went back in another little boat, which was sent for him.

About three hours after we had dispatched our answer, there came
towards us a person (as it seemed) of place. He had on him a gown with
wide sleeves, of a kind of water chamolet, of an excellent azure colour, far
more glossy than ours; his under apparel was green; and so was his hat,
being in the form of a turban, daintily made, and not so huge as the Turkish
turbans; and the locks of his hair came down below the brims of it. A
reverend man was he to behold. He came in a boat, gilt in some part of it,
with four persons more only in that boat; and was followed by another boat,
wherein were some twenty. When he was come within a flightshot of our
ship, signs were made to us, that we should send forth some to meet him
upon the water; which we presently did in our ship-boat, sending the
principal man amongst us save one, and four of our number with him.

When we were come within six yards of their boat, they called to us to
stay, and not to approach farther; which we did. And thereupon the man,
whom I before described, stood up, and with a loud voice, in Spanish,
asked, "Are ye Christians?" We answered, "We were;" fearing the less,
because of the cross we had seen in the subscription. At which answer the
said person lifted up his right hand towards Heaven, and drew it softly to
his mouth (which is the gesture they use, when they thank God;) and then
said: "If ye will swear (all of you) by the merits of the Saviour, that ye are
no pirates, nor have shed blood, lawfully, nor unlawfully within forty days
past, you may have licence to come on land." We said, "We were all ready
to take that oath." Whereupon one of those that were with him, being (as it
seemed) a notary, made an entry of this act. Which done, another of the
attendants of the great person which was with him in the same boat, after
his Lord had spoken a little to him, said aloud: "My Lord would have you
know, that it is not of pride, or greatness, that he cometh not aboard your
ship; but for that in your answer you declare that you have many sick
amongst you, he was warned by the Conservator of Health of the city that
he should keep a distance." We bowed ourselves towards him, and
answered, "We were his humble servants; and accounted for great honour,
and singular humanity towards us, that which was already done; but hoped
well, that the nature of the sickness of our men was not infectious." So he

returned; and a while after came the Notary to us aboard our ship; holding
in his hand a fruit of that country, like an orange, but of color between
orange-tawney and scarlet; which cast a most excellent odour. He used it (as
it seemeth) for a preservative against infection. He gave us our oath; "By
the name of Jesus, and his merits:" and after told us, that the next day, by
six of the Clock, in the Morning, we should be sent to, and brought to the
Strangers' House, (so he called it,) where we should be accommodated of
things, both for our whole, and for our sick. So he left us; and when we
offered him some pistolets, he smiling said, "He must not be twice paid for
one labour:" meaning (as I take it) that he had salary sufficient of the State
for his service. For (as I after learned) they call an officer that taketh
rewards, "twice paid."

The next morning early, there came to us the same officer that came to
us at first with his cane, and told us, He came to conduct us to the Strangers'
House; and that he had prevented the hour, because we might have the
whole day before us, for our business. "For," said he, "if you will follow my
advice, there shall first go with me some few of you, and see the place, and
how it may be made convenient for you; and then you may send for your
sick, and the rest of your number, which ye will bring on land." We thanked
him, and said, "That this care, which he took of desolate strangers, God
would reward." And so six of us went on land with him: and when we were
on land, he went before us, and turned to us, and said, "He was but our
servant, and our guide." He led us through three fair streets; and all the way
we went, there were gathered some people on both sides, standing in a row;
but in so civil a fashion, as if it had been, not to wonder at us, but to
welcome us: and divers of them, as we passed by them, put their arms a
little abroad; which is their gesture, when they did bid any welcome.

The Strangers' House is a fair and spacious house, built of brick, of
somewhat a bluer colour than our brick; and with handsome windows, some
of glass, some of a kind of cambric oiled. He brought us first into a fair
parlour above stairs, and then asked us, "What number of persons we were?
And how many sick?" We answered, "We were in all, (sick and whole,) one
and fifty persons, whereof our sick were seventeen." He desired us to have
patience a little, and to stay till he came back to us; which was about an
hour after; and then he led us to see the chambers which were provided for

us, being in number nineteen: they having cast it (as it seemeth) that four of
those chambers, which were better than the rest, might receive four of the
principal men of our company; and lodge them alone by themselves; and
the other fifteen chambers were to lodge us two and two together. The
chambers were handsome and cheerful chambers, and furnished civilly.
Then he led us to a long gallery, like a dorture, where he showed us all
along the one side (for the other side was but wall and window), seventeen
cells, very neat ones, having partitions of cedar wood. Which gallery and
cells, being in all forty, many more than we needed, were instituted as an
infirmary for sick persons. And he told us withal, that as any of our sick
waxed well, he might be removed from his cell, to a chamber; for which
purpose there were set forth ten spare chambers, besides the number we
spake of before. This done, he brought us back to the parlour, and lifting up
his cane a little, (as they do when they give any charge or command) said to
us, "Ye are to know, that the custom of the land requireth, that after this day
and to-morrow, (which we give you for removing of your people from your
ship,) you are to keep within doors for three days. But let it not trouble you,
nor do not think yourselves restrained, but rather left to your rest and ease.
You shall want nothing, and there are six of our people appointed to attend
you, for any business you may have abroad." We gave him thanks, with all
affection and respect, and said, "God surely is manifested in this land." We
offered him also twenty pistolets; but he smiled, and only said; "What?
twice paid!" And so he left us.

Soon after our dinner was served in; which was right good viands, both
for bread and treat: better than any collegiate diet, that I have known in
Europe. We had also drink of three sorts, all wholesome and good; wine of
the grape; a drink of grain, such as is with us our ale, but more clear: And a
kind of cider made of a fruit of that country; a wonderful pleasing and
refreshing drink. Besides, there were brought in to us, great store of those
scarlet oranges, for our sick; which (they said) were an assured remedy for
sickness taken at sea. There was given us also, a box of small gray, or
whitish pills, which they wished our sick should take, one of the pills, every
night before sleep; which (they said) would hasten their recovery.

The next day, after that our trouble of carriage and removing of our men
and goods out of our ship, was somewhat settled and quiet, I thought good

to call our company together; and when they were assembled, said unto
them; "My dear friends, let us know ourselves, and how it standeth with us.
We are men cast on land, as Jonas was, out of the whale's belly, when we
were as buried in the deep: and now we are on land, we are but between
death and life; for we are beyond, both the old world, and the new; and
whether ever we shall see Europe, God only knoweth. It is a kind of miracle
bath brought us hither: and it must be little less, that shall bring us hence.
Therefore in regard of our deliverance past, and our danger present, and to
come, let us look up to God, and every man reform his own ways. Besides
we are come here amongst a Christian people, full of piety and humanity:
let us not bring that confusion of face upon ourselves, as to show our vices,
or unworthiness before them. Yet there is more. For they have by
commandment, (though in form of courtesy) cloistered us within these wall,
for three days: who knoweth, whether it be not, to take some taste of our
manners and conditions? And if they find them bad, to banish us
straightways; if good, to give us further time. For these men that they have
given us for attendance, may withal have an eye upon us. Therefore for
God's love, and as we love the weal of our souls and bodies, let us so
behave ourselves, as we may be at peace with God, and may find grace in
the eyes of this people." Our company with one voice thanked me for my
good admonition, and promised me to live soberly and civilly, and without
giving any the least occasion of offence. So we spent our three days
joyfully, and without care, in expectation what would be done with us,
when they were expired. During which time, we had every hour joy of the
amendment of our sick; who thought themselves cast into some divine pool
of healing; they mended so kindly, and so fast.

The morrow after our three days were past, there came to us a new man,
that we had not seen before, clothed in blue as the former was, save that his
turban was white, with a small red cross on the top. He had also a tippet of
fine linen. At his coming in, he did bend to us a little, and put his arms
abroad. We of our parts saluted him in a very lowly and submissive manner;
as looking that from him, we should receive sentence of life, or death: he
desired to speak with some few of us: whereupon six of us only staid, and
the rest avoided the room. He said, "I am by office governor of this House
of Strangers, and by vocation I am a Christian priest: and therefore am
come to you to offer you my service, both as strangers and chiefly as

Christians. Some things I may tell you, which I think you will not be
unwilling to hear. The State hath given you license to stay on land, for the
space of six weeks; and let it not trouble you, if your occasions ask further
time, for the law in this point is not precise; and I do not doubt, but my self
shall be able, to obtain for you such further time, as may be convenient. Ye
shall also understand, that the Strangers' House is at this time rich, and
much aforehand; for it hath laid up revenue these thirty-seven years; for so
long it is since any stranger arrived in this part: and therefore take ye no
care; the State will defray you all the time you stay; neither shall you stay
one day the less for that. As for any merchandise ye have brought, ye shall
be well used, and have your return, either in merchandise, or in gold and
silver: for to us it is all one. And if you have any other request to make, hide
it not. For ye shall find we will not make your countenance to fall by the
answer ye shall receive. Only this I must tell you, that none of you must go
above a karan," (that is with them a mile and an half) "from the walls of the
city, without especial leave."

We answered, after we had looked awhile one upon another, admiring
this gracious and parent-like usage; "That we could not tell what to say: for
we wanted words to express our thanks; and his noble free offers left us
nothing to ask. It seemed to us, that we had before us a picture of our
salvation in Heaven; for we that were a while since in the jaws of death,
were now brought into a place, where we found nothing but consolations.
For the commandment laid upon us, we would not fail to obey it, though it
was impossible but our hearts should be enflamed to tread further upon this
happy and holy ground." We added, "That our tongues should first cleave to
the roofs of our mouths, ere we should forget, either his reverend person, or
this whole nation, in our prayers." We also most humbly besought him, to
accept of us as his true servants; by as just a right as ever men on earth were
bounden; laying and presenting, both our persons, and all we had, at his
feet. He said; "He was a priest, and looked for a priest's reward; which was
our brotherly love, and the good of our souls and bodies." So he went from
us, not without tears of tenderness in his eyes; and left us also confused
with joy and kindness, saying amongst ourselves; "That we were come into
a land of angels, which did appear to us daily, and prevent us with comforts,
which we thought not of, much less expected."

The next day about ten of the clock, the Governor came to us again, and
after salutations, said familiarly; "That he was come to visit us;" and called
for a chair, and sat him down: and we, being some ten of us, (the rest were
of the meaner sort, or else gone abroad,) sat down with him, And when we
were set, he began thus: "We of this island of Bensalem," (for so they call it
in their language,) "have this; that by means of our solitary situation; and of
the laws of secrecy, which we have for our travellers, and our rare
admission of strangers; we know well most part of the habitable world, and
are ourselves unknown. Therefore because he that knoweth least is fittest to
ask questions, it is more reason, for the entertainment of the time, that ye
ask me questions, than that I ask you."

We answered; "That we humbly thanked him that he would give us leave
so to do: and that we conceived by the taste we had already, that there was
no worldly thing on earth, more worthy to be known than the state of that
happy land. But above all," (we said,) "since that we were met from the
several ends of the world, and hoped assuredly that we should meet one day
in the kingdom of Heaven, (for that we were both parts Christians,) we
desired to know, (in respect that land was so remote, and so divided by vast
and unknown seas, from the land where our Saviour walked on earth,) who
was the apostle of that nation, and how it was converted to the faith?" It
appeared in his face that he took great contentment in this our question: he
said; "Ye knit my heart to you, by asking this question in the first place; for
it sheweth that you first seek the kingdom of heaven; and I shall gladly, and
briefly, satisfy your demand.

"About twenty years after the ascension of our Saviour, it came to pass,
that there was seen by the people of Renfusa, (a city upon the eastern coast
of our island,) within night, (the night was cloudy, and calm,) as it might be
some mile into the sea, a great pillar of light; not sharp, but in form of a
column, or cylinder, rising from the sea a great way up towards heaven; and
on the top of it was seen a large cross of light, more bright and resplendent
than the body of the pillar. Upon which so strange a spectacle, the people of
the city gathered apace together upon the sands, to wonder; and so after put
themselves into a number of small boats, to go nearer to this marvellous
sight. But when the boats were come within (about) sixty yards of the pillar,
they found themselves all bound, and could go no further; yet so as they

might move to go about, but might not approach nearer: so as the boats
stood all as in a theatre, beholding this light as an heavenly sign. It so fell
out, that there was in one of the boats one of the wise men, of the society of
Salomon's House; which house, or college (my good brethren) is the very
eye of this kingdom; who having awhile attentively and devoutly viewed
and contemplated this pillar and cross, fell down upon his face; and then
raised himself upon his knees, and lifting up his hands to heaven, made his
prayers in this manner.

"'LORD God of heaven and earth, thou hast vouchsafed of thy grace to
those of our order, to know thy works of Creation, and the secrets of them:
and to discern (as far as appertaineth to the generations of men) between
divine miracles, works of nature, works of art, and impostures and illusions
of all sorts. I do here acknowledge and testify before this people, that the
thing which we now see before our eyes is thy Finger and a true Miracle.
And forasmuch as we learn in our books that thou never workest miracles,
but to divine and excellent end, (for the laws of nature are thine own laws,
and thou exceedest them not but upon great cause,) we most humbly
beseech thee to prosper this great sign, and to give us the interpretation and
use of it in mercy; which thou dost in some part secretly promise by
sending it unto us.'

"When he had made his prayer, he presently found the boat he was in,
moveable and unbound; whereas all the rest remained still fast; and taking
that for an assurance of leave to approach, he caused the boat to be softly
and with silence rowed towards the pillar. But ere he came near it, the pillar
and cross of light brake up, and cast itself abroad, as it were, into a
firmament of many stars; which also vanished soon after, and there was
nothing left to be seen, but a small ark, or chest of cedar, dry, and not wet at
all with water, though it swam. And in the fore-end of it, which was towards
him, grew a small green branch of palm; and when the wise man had taken
it, with all reverence, into his boat, it opened of itself, and there were found
in it a Book and a Letter; both written in fine parchment, and wrapped in
sindons of linen. The Book contained all the canonical books of the Old and
New Testament, according as you have them; (for we know well what the
churches with you receive); and the Apocalypse itself, and some other

books of the New Testament, which were not at that time written, were
nevertheless in the Book. And for the Letter, it was in these words:

"'I, Bartholomew, a servant of the Highest, and Apostle of Jesus Christ,
was warned by an angel that appeareth to me, in a vision of glory, that I
should commit this ark to the floods of the sea. Therefore I do testify and
declare unto that people where God shall ordain this ark to come to land,
that in the same day is come unto them salvation and peace and good-will,
from the Father, and from the Lord Jesus.'

"There was also in both these writings, as well the Book, as the Letter,
wrought a great miracle, conform to that of the Apostles, in the original Gift
of Tongues. For there being at that time in this land Hebrews, Persians, and
Indians, besides the natives, every one read upon the Book, and Letter, as if
they had been written in his own language. And thus was this land saved
from infidelity (as the remainder of the old world was from water) by an
ark, through the apostolical and miraculous evangelism of Saint
Bartholomew." And here he paused, and a messenger came, and called him
from us. So this was all that passed in that conference.

The next day, the same governor came again to us, immediately after
dinner, and excused himself, saying; "That the day before he was called
from us, somewhat abruptly, but now he would make us amends, and spend
time with us if we held his company and conference agreeable." We
answered, "That we held it so agreeable and pleasing to us, as we forgot
both dangers past and fears to come, for the time we hear him speak; and
that we thought an hour spent with him, was worth years of our former
life." He bowed himself a little to us, and after we were set again, he said;
"Well, the questions are on your part."

One of our number said, after a little pause; that there was a matter, we
were no less desirous to know, than fearful to ask, lest we might presume
too far. But encouraged by his rare humanity towards us, (that could scarce
think ourselves strangers, being his vowed and professed servants,) we
would take the hardiness to propound it: humbly beseeching him, if he
thought it not fit to be answered, that he would pardon it, though he rejected
it. We said; "We well observed those his words, which he formerly spake,
that this happy island, where we now stood, was known to few, and yet

knew most of the nations of the world; which we found to be true,
considering they had the languages of Europe, and knew much of our state
and business; and yet we in Europe, (notwithstanding all the remote
discoveries and navigations of this last age), never heard of the least inkling
or glimpse of this island. This we found wonderful strange; for that all
nations have inter-knowledge one of another, either by voyage into foreign
parts, or by strangers that come to them: and though the traveller into a
foreign country, doth commonly know more by the eye, than he that stayeth
at home can by relation of the traveller; yet both ways suffice to make a
mutual knowledge, in some degree, on both parts. But for this island, we
never heard tell of any ship of theirs that had been seen to arrive upon any
shore of Europe; nor of either the East or West Indies; nor yet of any ship of
any other part of the world, that had made return from them. And yet the
marvel rested not in this. For the situation of it (as his lordship said) in the
secret conclave of such a vast sea might cause it. But then, that they should
have knowledge of the languages, books, affairs, of those that lie such a
distance from them, it was a thing we could not tell what to make of; for
that it seemed to us a conditioner and propriety of divine powers and
beings, to be hidden and unseen to others, and yet to have others open and
as in a light to them."

At this speech the Governor gave a gracious smile, and said; "That we
did well to ask pardon for this question we now asked: for that it imported,
as if we thought this land, a land of magicians, that sent forth spirits of the
air into all parts, to bring them news and intelligence of other countries." It
was answered by us all, in all possible humbleness, but yet with a
countenance taking knowledge, that we knew that he spake it but merrily,
"That we were apt enough to think there was somewhat supernatural in this
island; but yet rather as angelical than magical. But to let his lordship know
truly what it was that made us tender and doubtful to ask this question, it
was not any such conceit, but because we remembered, he had given a
touch in his former speech, that this land had laws of secrecy touching
strangers." To this he said; "You remember it aright and therefore in that I
shall say to you, I must reserve some particulars, which it is not lawful for
me to reveal; but there will be enough left, to give you satisfaction."

"You shall understand (that which perhaps you will scarce think
credible) that about three thousand years ago, or somewhat more, the
navigation of the world, (especially for remote voyages,) was greater than at
this day. Do not think with yourselves, that I know not how much it is
increased with you, within these six-score years: I know it well: and yet I
say greater then than now; whether it was, that the example of the ark, that
saved the remnant of men from the universal deluge, gave men confidence
to adventure upon the waters; or what it was; but such is the truth. The
Phoenicians, and especially the Tyrians, had great fleets. So had the
Carthaginians their colony, which is yet further west. Toward the east the
shipping of Egypt and of Palestine was likewise great. China also, and the
great Atlantis, (that you call America,) which have now but junks and
canoes, abounded then in tall ships. This island, (as appeareth by faithful
registers of those times,) had then fifteen hundred strong ships, of great
content. Of all this, there is with you sparing memory, or none; but we have
large knowledge thereof.

"At that time, this land was known and frequented by the ships and
vessels of all the nations before named. And (as it cometh to pass) they had
many times men of other countries, that were no sailors, that came with
them; as Persians, Chaldeans, Arabians; so as almost all nations of might
and fame resorted hither; of whom we have some stirps, and little tribes
with us at this day. And for our own ships, they went sundry voyages, as
well to your straits, which you call the Pillars of Hercules, as to other parts
in the Atlantic and Mediterrane Seas; as to Paguin, (which is the same with
Cambaline,) and Quinzy, upon the Oriental Seas, as far as to the borders of
the East Tartary.

"At the same time, and an age after, or more, the inhabitants of the great
Atlantis did flourish. For though the narration and description, which is
made by a great man with you; that the descendants of Neptune planted
there; and of the magnificent temple, palace, city, and hill; and the manifold
streams of goodly navigable rivers, (which as so many chains environed the
same site and temple); and the several degrees of ascent, whereby men did
climb up to the same, as if it had been a scala coeli, be all poetical and
fabulous: yet so much is true, that the said country of Atlantis, as well that
of Peru, then called Coya, as that of Mexico, then named Tyrambel, were

mighty and proud kingdoms in arms, shipping and riches: so mighty, as at
one time (or at least within the space of ten years) they both made two great
expeditions; they of Tyrambel through the Atlantic to the Mediterrane Sea;
and they of Coya through the South Sea upon this our island: and for the
former of these, which was into Europe, the same author amongst you (as it
seemeth) had some relation from the Egyptian priest whom he cited. For
assuredly such a thing there was. But whether it were the ancient Athenians
that had the glory of the repulse and resistance of those forces, I can say
nothing: but certain it is, there never came back either ship or man from that
voyage. Neither had the other voyage of those of Coya upon us had better
fortune, if they had not met with enemies of greater clemency. For the king
of this island, (by name Altabin,) a wise man and a great warrior, knowing
well both his own strength and that of his enemies, handled the matter so, as
he cut off their land-forces from their ships; and entoiled both their navy
and their camp with a greater power than theirs, both by sea and land: and
compelled them to render themselves without striking stroke and after they
were at his mercy, contenting himself only with their oath that they should
no more bear arms against him, dismissed them all in safety.

"But the divine revenge overtook not long after those proud enterprises.
For within less than the space of one hundred years, the great Atlantis was
utterly lost and destroyed: not by a great earthquake, as your man saith; (for
that whole tract is little subject to earthquakes;) but by a particular deluge or
inundation; those countries having, at this day, far greater rivers and far
higher mountains to pour down waters, than any part of the old world. But
it is true that the same inundation was not deep; not past forty foot, in most
places, from the ground; so that although it destroyed man and beast
generally, yet some few wild inhabitants of the wood escaped. Birds also
were saved by flying to the high trees and woods. For as for men, although
they had buildings in many places, higher than the depth of the water, yet
that inundation, though it were shallow, had a long continuance; whereby
they of the vale that were not drowned, perished for want of food and other
things necessary.

"So as marvel you not at the thin population of America, nor at the
rudeness and ignorance of the people; for you must account your
inhabitants of America as a young people; younger a thousand years, at the

least, than the rest of the world: for that there was so much time between
the universal flood and their particular inundation. For the poor remnant of
human seed, which remained in their mountains, peopled the country again
slowly, by little and little; and being simple and savage people, (not like
Noah and his sons, which was the chief family of the earth;) they were not
able to leave letters, arts, and civility to their posterity; and having likewise
in their mountainous habitations been used (in respect of the extreme cold
of those regions) to clothe themselves with the skins of tigers, bears, and
great hairy goats, that they have in those parts; when after they came down
into the valley, and found the intolerable heats which are there, and knew no
means of lighter apparel, they were forced to begin the custom of going
naked, which continueth at this day. Only they take great pride and delight
in the feathers of birds; and this also they took from those their ancestors of
the mountains, who were invited unto it by the infinite flights of birds that
came up to the high grounds, while the waters stood below. So you see, by
this main accident of time, we lost our traffic with the Americans, with
whom of, all others, in regard they lay nearest to us, we had most
commerce.

"As for the other parts of the world, it is most manifest that in the ages
following (whether it were in respect of wars, or by a natural revolution of
time,) navigation did every where greatly decay; and specially far voyages
(the rather by the use of galleys, and such vessels as could hardly brook the
ocean,) were altogether left and omitted. So then, that part of intercourse
which could be from other nations to sail to us, you see how it hath long
since ceased; except it were by some rare accident, as this of yours. But
now of the cessation of that other part of intercourse, which might be by our
sailing to other nations, I must yield you some other cause. For I cannot say
(if I shall say truly,) but our shipping, for number, strength, mariners, pilots,
and all things that appertain to navigation, is as great as ever; and therefore
why we should sit at home, I shall now give you an account by itself: and it
will draw nearer to give you satisfaction to your principal question.

"There reigned in this land, about nineteen hundred years ago, a king,
whose memory of all others we most adore; not superstitiously, but as a
divine instrument, though a mortal man; his name was Solamona: and we
esteem him as the lawgiver of our nation. This king had a large heart,

inscrutable for good; and was wholly bent to make his kingdom and people
happy. He therefore, taking into consideration how sufficient and
substantive this land was to maintain itself without any aid (at all) of the
foreigner; being five thousand six hundred miles in circuit, and of rare
fertility of soil in the greatest part thereof; and finding also the shipping of
this country might be plentifully set on work, both by fishing and by
transportations from port to port, and likewise by sailing unto some small
islands that are not far from us, and are under the crown and laws of this
state; and, recalling into his memory the happy and flourishing estate
wherein this land then was; so as it might be a thousand ways altered to the
worse, but scarce any one way to the better; thought nothing wanted to his
noble and heroical intentions, but only (as far as human foresight might
reach) to give perpetuity to that which was in his time so happily
established. Therefore amongst his other fundamental laws of this kingdom,
he did ordain the interdicts and prohibitions which we have touching
entrance of strangers; which at that time (though it was after the calamity of
America) was frequent; doubting novelties, and commixture of manners. It
is true, the like law against the admission of strangers without licence is an
ancient law in the kingdom of China, and yet continued in use. But there it
is a poor thing; and hath made them a curious, ignorant, fearful, foolish
nation. But our lawgiver made his law of another temper. For first, he hath
preserved all points of humanity, in taking order and making provision for
the relief of strangers distressed; whereof you have tasted."

At which speech (as reason was) we all rose up and bowed ourselves. He
went on.

"That king also, still desiring to join humanity and policy together; and
thinking it against humanity, to detain strangers here against their wills, and
against policy that they should return and discover their knowledge of this
estate, he took this course: he did ordain that of the strangers that should be
permitted to land, as many (at all times) might depart as would; but as many
as would stay should have very good conditions and means to live from the
state. Wherein he saw so far, that now in so many ages since the
prohibition, we have memory not of one ship that ever returned, and but of
thirteen persons only, at several times, that chose to return in our bottoms.
What those few that returned may have reported abroad I know not. But

you must think, whatsoever they have said could be taken where they came
but for a dream. Now for our travelling from hence into parts abroad, our
Lawgiver thought fit altogether to restrain it. So is it not in China. For the
Chinese sail where they will or can; which sheweth that their law of
keeping out strangers is a law of pusillanimity and fear. But this restraint of
ours hath one only exception, which is admirable; preserving the good
which cometh by communicating with strangers, and avoiding the hurt; and
I will now open it to you. And here I shall seem a little to digress, but you
will by and by find it pertinent.

"Ye shall understand (my dear friends) that amongst the excellent acts of
that king, one above all hath the pre-eminence. It was the erection and
institution of an Order or Society, which we call Salomon's House; the
noblest foundation (as we think) that ever was upon the earth; and the
lanthorn of this kingdom. It is dedicated to the study of the works and
creatures of God. Some think it beareth the founder's name a little
corrupted, as if it should be Solamona's House. But the records write it as it
is spoken. So as I take it to be denominate of the king of the Hebrews,
which is famous with you, and no stranger to us. For we have some parts of
his works, which with you are lost; namely, that natural history, which he
wrote, of all plants, from the cedar of Libanus to the moss that groweth out
of the wall, and of all things that have life and motion. This maketh me
think that our king, finding himself to symbolize in many things with that
king of the Hebrews (which lived many years before him), honored him
with the title of this foundation. And I am rather induced to be of this
opinion, for that I find in ancient records this Order or Society is sometimes
called Salomon's House, and sometimes the College of the Six Days Works;
whereby I am satisfied that our excellent king had learned from the
Hebrews that God had created the world and all that therein is within six
days: and therefore he instituting that House for the finding out of the true
nature of all things, (whereby God might have the more glory in the
workmanship of them, and insert the more fruit in the use of them), did give
it also that second name.

"But now to come to our present purpose. When the king had forbidden
to all his people navigation into any part that was not under his crown, he
made nevertheless this ordinance; that every twelve years there should be

set forth, out of this kingdom two ships, appointed to several voyages; That
in either of these ships there should be a mission of three of the Fellows or
Brethren of Salomon's House; whose errand was only to give us knowledge
of the affairs and state of those countries to which they were designed, and
especially of the sciences, arts, manufactures, and inventions of all the
world; and withal to bring unto us books, instruments, and patterns in every
kind: That the ships, after they had landed the brethren, should return; and
that the brethren should stay abroad till the new mission. These ships are
not otherwise fraught, than with store of victuals, and good quantity of
treasure to remain with the brethren, for the buying of such things and
rewarding of such persons as they should think fit. Now for me to tell you
how the vulgar sort of mariners are contained from being discovered at
land; and how they that must be put on shore for any time, color themselves
under the names of other nations; and to what places these voyages have
been designed; and what places of rendezvous are appointed for the new
missions; and the like circumstances of the practique; I may not do it:
neither is it much to your desire. But thus you see we maintain a trade not
for gold, silver, or jewels; nor for silks; nor for spices; nor any other
commodity of matter; but only for God's first creature, which was Light: to
have light (I say) of the growth of all parts of the world."

And when he had said this, he was silent; and so were we all. For indeed
we were all astonished to hear so strange things so probably told. And he,
perceiving that we were willing to say somewhat but had it not ready in
great courtesy took us off, and descended to ask us questions of our voyage
and fortunes and in the end concluded, that we might do well to think with
ourselves what time of stay we would demand of the state; and bade us not
to scant ourselves; for he would procure such time as we desired:
Whereupon we all rose up, and presented ourselves to kiss the skirt of his
tippet; but he would not suffer us; and so took his leave. But when it came
once amongst our people that the state used to offer conditions to strangers
that would stay, we had work enough to get any of our men to look to our
ship; and to keep them from going presently to the governor to crave
conditions. But with much ado we refrained them, till we might agree what
course to take.

We took ourselves now for free men, seeing there was no danger of our
utter perdition; and lived most joyfully, going abroad and seeing what was
to be seen in the city and places adjacent within our tedder; and obtaining
acquaintance with many of the city, not of the meanest quality; at whose
hands we found such humanity, and such a freedom and desire to take
strangers as it were into their bosom, as was enough to make us forget all
that was dear to us in our own countries: and continually we met with many
things right worthy of observation and relation: as indeed, if there be a
mirror in the world worthy to hold men's eyes, it is that country.

One day there were two of our company bidden to a Feast of the Family,
as they call it. A most natural, pious, and reverend custom it is, shewing that
nation to be compounded of all goodness. This is the manner of it. It is
granted to any man that shall live to see thirty persons descended of his
body alive together, and all above three years old, to make this feast which
is done at the cost of the state. The Father of the Family, whom they call the
Tirsan, two days before the feast, taketh to him three of such friends as he
liketh to choose; and is assisted also by the governor of the city or place
where the feast is celebrated; and all the persons of the family, of both
sexes, are summoned to attend him. These two days the Tirsan sitteth in
consultation concerning the good estate of the family. There, if there be any
discord or suits between any of the family, they are compounded and
appeased. There, if any of the family be distressed or decayed, order is
taken for their relief and competent means to live. There, if any be subject
to vice, or take ill courses, they are reproved and censured. So likewise
direction is given touching marriages, and the courses of life, which any of
them should take, with divers other the like orders and advices. The
governor assisteth, to the end to put in execution by his public authority the
decrees and orders of the Tirsan, if they should be disobeyed; though that
seldom needeth; such reverence and obedience they give to the order of
nature. The Tirsan doth also then ever choose one man from among his
sons, to live in house with him; who is called ever after the Son of the Vine.
The reason will hereafter appear.

On the feast day, the father or Tirsan cometh forth after divine service
into a large room where the feast is celebrated; which room hath an half-
pace at the upper end. Against the wall, in the middle of the half-pace, is a

chair placed for him, with a table and carpet before it. Over the chair is a
state, made round or oval, and it is of ivy; an ivy somewhat whiter than
ours, like the leaf of a silver asp; but more shining; for it is green all winter.
And the state is curiously wrought with silver and silk of divers colors,
broiding or binding in the ivy; and is ever of the work of some of the
daughters of the family; and veiled over at the top with a fine net of silk and
silver. But the substance of it is true ivy; whereof, after it is taken down, the
friends of the family are desirous to have some leaf or sprig to keep.

The Tirsan cometh forth with all his generation or linage, the males
before him, and the females following him; and if there be a mother from
whose body the whole linage is descended, there is a traverse placed in a
loft above on the right hand of the chair, with a privy door, and a carved
window of glass, leaded with gold and blue; where she sitteth, but is not
seen. When the Tirsan is come forth, he sitteth down in the chair; and all the
linage place themselves against the wall, both at his back and upon the
return of the half-pace, in order of their years without difference of sex; and
stand upon their feet. When he is set; the room being always full of
company, but well kept and without disorder; after some pause, there
cometh in from the lower end of the room, a taratan (which is as much as an
herald) and on either side of him two young lads; whereof one carrieth a
scroll of their shining yellow parchment; and the other a cluster of grapes of
gold, with a long foot or stalk. The herald and children are clothed with
mantles of sea-water green satin; but the herald's mantle is streamed with
gold, and hath a train.

Then the herald with three curtesies, or rather inclinations, cometh up as
far as the half-pace; and there first taketh into his hand the scroll. This scroll
is the king's charter, containing gifts of revenew, and many privileges,
exemptions, and points of honour, granted to the Father of the Family; and
is ever styled and directed, To such do one our well beloved friend and
creditor: which is a title proper only to this case. For they say the king is
debtor to no man, but for propagation of his subjects. The seal set to the
king's charter is the king's image, imbossed or moulded in gold; and though
such charters be expedited of course, and as of right, yet they are varied by
discretion, according to the number and dignity of the family. This charter
the herald readeth aloud; and while it is read, the father or Tirsan standeth

up supported by two of his sons, such as he chooseth. Then the herald
mounteth the half-pace and delivereth the charter into his hand: and with
that there is an acclamation by all that are present in their language, which
is thus much: Happy are the people of Bensalem.

Then the herald taketh into his hand from the other child the cluster of
grapes, which is of gold, both the stalk and the grapes. But the grapes are
daintily enamelled; and if the males of the family be the greater number, the
grapes are enamelled purple, with a little sun set on the top; if the females,
then they are enamelled into a greenish yellow, with a crescent on the top.
The grapes are in number as many as there are descendants of the family.
This golden cluster the herald delivereth also to the Tirsan; who presently
delivereth it over to that son that he had formerly chosen to be in house with
him: who beareth it before his father as an ensign of honour when he goeth
in public, ever after; and is thereupon called the Son of the Vine.

After the ceremony endeth the father or Tirsan retireth; and after some
time cometh forth again to dinner, where he sitteth alone under the state, as
before; and none of his descendants sit with him, of what degree or dignity
soever, except he hap to be of Salomon's House. He is served only by his
own children, such as are male; who perform unto him all service of the
table upon the knee; and the women only stand about him, leaning against
the wall. The room below the half-pace hath tables on the sides for the
guests that are bidden; who are served with great and comely order; and
towards the end of dinner (which in the greatest feasts with them lasteth
never above an hour and an half) there is an hymn sung, varied according to
the invention of him that composeth it (for they have excellent posy) but the
subject of it is (always) the praises of Adam and Noah and Abraham;
whereof the former two peopled the world, and the last was the Father of
the Faithful: concluding ever with a thanksgiving for the nativity of our
Saviour, in whose birth the births of all are only blessed.

Dinner being done, the Tirsan retireth again; and having withdrawn
himself alone into a place, where he makes some private prayers, he cometh
forth the third time, to give the blessing with all his descendants, who stand
about him as at the first. Then he calleth them forth by one and by one, by
name, as he pleaseth, though seldom the order of age be inverted. The

person that is called (the table being before removed) kneeleth down before
the chair, and the father layeth his hand upon his head, or her head, and
giveth the blessing in these words: Son of Bensalem, (or daughter of
Bensalem,) thy father with it: the man by whom thou hast breath and life
speaketh the word: the blessing of the everlasting Father, the Prince of
Peace, and the Holy Dove, be upon thee, and make the days of thy
pilgrimage good and many. This he saith to every of them; and that done, if
there be any of his sons of eminent merit and virtue, (so they be not above
two,) he calleth for them again; and saith, laying his arm over their
shoulders, they standing; Sons, it is well ye are born, give God the praise,
and persevere to the end. And withall delivereth to either of them a jewel,
made in the figure of an ear of wheat, which they ever after wear in the
front of their turban or hat. This done, they fall to music and dances, and
other recreations, after their manner, for the rest of the day. This is the full
order of that feast.

By that time six or seven days were spent, I was fallen into straight
acquaintance with a merchant of that city, whose name was Joabin. He was
a Jew and circumcised: for they have some few stirps of Jews yet remaining
among them, whom they leave to their own religion. Which they may the
better do, because they are of a far differing disposition from the Jews in
other parts. For whereas they hate the name of Christ; and have a secret
inbred rancour against the people among whom they live: these
(contrariwise) give unto our Saviour many high attributes, and love the
nation of Bensalem extremely. Surely this man of whom I speak would ever
acknowledge that Christ was born of a virgin and that he was more than a
man; and he would tell how God made him ruler of the seraphims which
guard his throne; and they call him also the Milken Way, and the Eliah of
the Messiah; and many other high names; which though they be inferior to
his divine majesty, yet they are far from the language of other Jews.

And for the country of Bensalem, this man would make no end of
commending it; being desirous, by tradition among the Jews there, to have
it believed that the people thereof were of the generations of Abraham, by
another son, whom they call Nachoran; and that Moses by a secret Cabala
ordained the Laws of Bensalem which they now use; and that when the
Messiah should come, and sit in his throne at Hierusalem, the king of

Bensalem should sit at his feet, whereas other kings should keep a great
distance. But yet setting aside these Jewish dreams, the man was a wise
man, and learned, and of great policy, and excellently seen in the laws and
customs of that nation.

Amongst other discourses, one day I told him I was much affected with
the relation I had, from some of the company, of their custom, in holding
the Feast of the Family; for that (methought) I had never heard of a
solemnity wherein nature did so much preside. And because propagation of
families proceedeth from the nuptial copulation, I desired to know of him
what laws and customs they had concerning marriage; and whether they
kept marriage well and whether they were tied to one wife; for that where
population is so much affected, and such as with them it seemed to be, there
is commonly permission of plurality of wives.

To this he said, "You have reason for to commend that excellent
institution of the Feast of the Family. And indeed we have experience that
those families that are partakers of the blessing of that feast do flourish and
prosper ever after in an extraordinary manner. But hear me now, and I will
tell you what I know. You shall understand that there is not under the
heavens so chaste a nation as this of Bensalem; nor so free from all
pollution or foulness. It is the virgin of the world. I remember I have read in
one of your European books, of an holy hermit amongst you that desired to
see the Spirit of Fornication; and there appeared to him a little foul ugly
Aethiop. But if he had desired to see the Spirit of Chastity of Bensalem, it
would have appeared to him in the likeness of a fair beautiful Cherubim.
For there is nothing amongst mortal men more fair and admirable, than the
chaste minds of this people. Know therefore, that with them there are no
stews, no dissolute houses, no courtesans, nor anything of that kind. Nay
they wonder (with detestation) at you in Europe, which permit such things.
They say ye have put marriage out of office: for marriage is ordained a
remedy for unlawful concupiscence; and natural concupiscence seemeth as
a spar to marriage. But when men have at hand a remedy more agreeable to
their corrupt will, marriage is almost expulsed. And therefore there are with
you seen infinite men that marry not, but chose rather a libertine and impure
single life, than to be yoked in marriage; and many that do marry, marry
late, when the prime and strength of their years is past. And when they do

marry, what is marriage to them but a very bargain; wherein is sought
alliance, or portion, or reputation, with some desire (almost indifferent) of
issue; and not the faithful nuptial union of man and wife, that was first
instituted. Neither is it possible that those that have cast away so basely so
much of their strength, should greatly esteem children, (being of the same
matter,) as chaste men do. So likewise during marriage, is the case much
amended, as it ought to be if those things were tolerated only for necessity?
No, but they remain still as a very affront to marriage. The haunting of
those dissolute places, or resort to courtesans, are no more punished in
married men than in bachelors. And the depraved custom of change, and the
delight in meretricious embracements, (where sin is turned into art,) maketh
marriage a dull thing, and a kind of imposition or tax. They hear you defend
these things, as done to avoid greater evils; as advoutries, deflowering of
virgins, unnatural lust, and the like. But they say this is a preposterous
wisdom; and they call it Lot's offer, who to save his guests from abusing,
offered his daughters: nay they say farther that there is little gained in this;
for that the same vices and appetites do still remain and abound; unlawful
lust being like a furnace, that if you stop the flames altogether, it will
quench; but if you give it any vent, it will rage. As for masculine love, they
have no touch of it; and yet there are not so faithful and inviolate
friendships in the world again as are there; and to speak generally, (as I said
before,) I have not read of any such chastity, in any people as theirs. And
their usual saying is, That whosoever is unchaste cannot reverence himself;
and they say, That the reverence of a man's self, is, next to religion, the
chiefest bridle of all vices."

And when he had said this, the good Jew paused a little; whereupon I,
far more willing to hear him speak on than to speak myself, yet thinking it
decent that upon his pause of speech I should not be altogether silent, said
only this; "That I would say to him, as the widow of Sarepta said to Elias;
that he was come to bring to memory our sins; and that I confess the
righteousness of Bensalem was greater than the righteousness of Europe."
At which speech he bowed his head, and went on in this manner:

"They have also many wise and excellent laws touching marriage. They
allow no polygamy. They have ordained that none do intermarry or
contract, until a month be past from their first interview. Marriage without

consent of parents they do not make void, but they mulct it in the inheritors:
for the children of such marriages are not admitted to inherit above a third
part of their parents' inheritance. I have read in a book of one of your men,
of a Feigned Commonwealth, where the married couple are permitted,
before they contract, to see one another naked. This they dislike; for they
think it a scorn to give a refusal after so familiar knowledge: but because of
many hidden defects in men and women's bodies, they have a more civil
way; for they have near every town a couple of pools, (which they call
Adam and Eve's pools,) where it is permitted to one of the friends of the
men, and another of the friends of the woman, to see them severally bathe
naked."

And as we were thus in conference, there came one that seemed to be a
messenger, in a rich huke, that spake with the Jew: whereupon he turned to
me and said; "You will pardon me, for I am commanded away in haste."
The next morning he came to me again, joyful as it seemed, and said;
"There is word come to the Governor of the city, that one of the Fathers of
Salomon's House will be here this day seven-night: we have seen none of
them this dozen years. His coming is in state; but the cause of his coming is
secret. I will provide you and your fellows of a good standing to see his
entry." I thanked him, and told him, I was most glad of the news.

The day being come, he made his entry. He was a man of middle stature
and age, comely of person, and had an aspect as if he pitied men. He was
clothed in a robe of fine black cloth, with wide sleeves and a cape. His
under garment was of excellent white linen down to the foot, girt with a
girdle of the same; and a sindon or tippet of the same about his neck. He
had gloves, that were curious, and set with stone; and shoes of peach-
coloured velvet. His neck was bare to the shoulders. His hat was like a
helmet, or Spanish montera; and his locks curled below it decently: they
were of colour brown. His beard was cut round, and of the same colour with
his hair, somewhat lighter. He was carried in a rich chariot without wheels,
litter-wise; with two horses at either end, richly trapped in blue velvet
embroidered; and two footmen on each side in the like attire. The chariot
was all of cedar, gilt, and adorned with crystal; save that the fore-end had
panels of sapphires, set in borders of gold; and the hinder-end the like of
emeralds of the Peru colour. There was also a sun of gold, radiant, upon the

top, in the midst; and on the top before, a small cherub of gold, with wings
displayed. The chariot was covered with cloth of gold tissued upon blue. He
had before him fifty attendants, young men all, in white satin loose coats to
the mid leg; and stockings of white silk; and shoes of blue velvet; and hats
of blue velvet; with fine plumes of diverse colours, set round like hat-bands.
Next before the chariot, went two men, bare-headed, in linen garments
down the foot, girt, and shoes of blue velvet; who carried, the one a crosier,
the other a pastoral staff like a sheep-hook; neither of them of metal, but the
crosier of balm-wood, the pastoral staff of cedar. Horsemen he had none,
neither before nor behind his chariot: as it seemeth, to avoid all tumult and
trouble. Behind his chariot went all the officers and principals of the
companies of the city. He sat alone, upon cushions of a kind of excellent
plush, blue; and under his foot curious carpets of silk of diverse colours,
like the Persian, but far finer. He held up his bare hand as he went, as
blessing the people, but in silence. The street was wonderfully well kept: so
that there was never any army had their men stand in better battle-array than
the people stood. The windows likewise were not crowded, but every one
stood in them as if they had been placed.

When the shew was past, the Jew said to me; "I shall not be able to
attend you as I would, in regard of some charge the city hath laid upon me,
for the entertaining of this great person." Three days after the Jew came to
me again, and said; "Ye are happy men; for the Father of Salomon's House
taketh knowledge of your being here, and commanded me to tell you that he
will admit all your company to his presence, and have private conference
with one of you, that ye shall choose: and for this hath appointed the next
day after to-morrow. And because he meaneth to give you his blessing, he
hath appointed it in the forenoon."

We came at our day and hour, and I was chosen by my fellows for the
private access. We found him in a fair chamber, richly hanged, and carpeted
under foot without any degrees to the state. He was set upon a low Throne
richly adorned, and a rich cloth of state over his head, of blue satin
embroidered. He was alone, save that he had two pages of honour, on either
hand one, finely attired in white. His under garments were the like that we
saw him wear in the chariot; but instead of his gown, he had on him a
mantle with a cape, of the same fine black, fastened about him. When we

came in, as we were taught, we bowed low at our first entrance; and when
we were come near his chair, he stood up, holding forth his hand ungloved,
and in posture of blessing; and we every one of us stooped down, and
kissed the hem of his tippet. That done, the rest departed, and I remained.
Then he warned the pages forth of the room, and caused me to sit down
beside him, and spake to me thus in the Spanish tongue.

"God bless thee, my son; I will give thee the greatest jewel I have. For I
will impart unto thee, for the love of God and men, a relation of the true
state of Salomon's House. Son, to make you know the true state of
Salomon's House, I will keep this order. First, I will set forth unto you the
end of our foundation. Secondly, the preparations and instruments we have
for our works. Thirdly, the several employments and functions whereto our
fellows are assigned. And fourthly, the ordinances and rites which we
observe.

"The end of our foundation is the knowledge of causes, and secret
motions of things; and the enlarging of the bounds of human empire, to the
effecting of all things possible.

"The Preparations and Instruments are these. We have large and deep
caves of several depths: the deepest are sunk six hundred fathom: and some
of them are digged and made under great hills and mountains: so that if you
reckon together the depth of the hill and the depth of the cave, they are
(some of them) above three miles deep. For we find, that the depth of a hill,
and the depth of a cave from the flat, is the same thing; both remote alike,
from the sun and heaven's beams, and from the open air. These caves we
call the Lower Region; and we use them for all coagulations, indurations,
refrigerations, and conservations of bodies. We use them likewise for the
imitation of natural mines; and the producing also of new artificial metals,
by compositions and materials which we use, and lay there for many years.
We use them also sometimes, (which may seem strange,) for curing of some
diseases, and for prolongation of life in some hermits that choose to live
there, well accommodated of all things necessary, and indeed live very
long; by whom also we learn many things.

"We have burials in several earths, where we put diverse cements, as the
Chineses do their porcellain. But we have them in greater variety, and some

of them more fine. We have also great variety of composts and soils, for the
making of the earth fruitful.

"We have high towers; the highest about half a mile in height; and some
of them likewise set upon high mountains; so that the vantage of the hill
with the tower is in the highest of them three miles at least. And these
places we call the Upper Region; accounting the air between the high places
and the low, as a Middle Region. We use these towers, according to their
several heights, and situations, for insolation, refrigeration, conservation;
and for the view of divers meteors; as winds, rain, snow, hail; and some of
the fiery meteors also. And upon them, in some places, are dwellings of
hermits, whom we visit sometimes, and instruct what to observe.

"We have great lakes, both salt, and fresh; whereof we have use for the
fish and fowl. We use them also for burials of some natural bodies: for we
find a difference in things buried in earth or in air below the earth, and
things buried in water. We have also pools, of which some do strain fresh
water out of salt; and others by art do turn fresh water into salt. We have
also some rocks in the midst of the sea, and some bays upon the shore for
some works, wherein is required the air and vapor of the sea. We have
likewise violent streams and cataracts, which serve us for many motions:
and likewise engines for multiplying and enforcing of winds, to set also on
going diverse motions.

"We have also a number of artificial wells and fountains, made in
imitation of the natural sources and baths; as tincted upon vitriol, sulphur,
steel, brass, lead, nitre, and other minerals. And again we have little wells
for infusions of many things, where the waters take the virtue quicker and
better, than in vessels or basins. And amongst them we have a water which
we call Water of Paradise, being, by that we do to it made very sovereign
for health, and prolongation of life.

"We have also great and spacious houses where we imitate and
demonstrate meteors; as snow, hail, rain, some artificial rains of bodies and
not of water, thunders, lightnings; also generations of bodies in air; as frogs,
flies, and divers others.

"We have also certain chambers, which we call Chambers of Health,
where we qualify the air as we think good and proper for the cure of divers
diseases, and preservation of health.

"We have also fair and large baths, of several mixtures, for the cure of
diseases, and the restoring of man's body from arefaction: and others for the
confirming of it in strength of sinewes, vital parts, and the very juice and
substance of the body.

"We have also large and various orchards and gardens; wherein we do
not so much respect beauty, as variety of ground and soil, proper for divers
trees and herbs: and some very spacious, where trees and berries are set
whereof we make divers kinds of drinks, besides the vineyards. In these we
practise likewise all conclusions of grafting, and inoculating as well of
wild-trees as fruit-trees, which produceth many effects. And we make (by
art) in the same orchards and gardens, trees and flowers to come earlier or
later than their seasons; and to come up and bear more speedily than by
their natural course they do. We make them also by art greater much than
their nature; and their fruit greater and sweeter and of differing taste, smell,
colour, and figure, from their nature. And many of them we so order, as they
become of medicinal use.

"We have also means to make divers plants rise by mixtures of earths
without seeds; and likewise to make divers new plants, differing from the
vulgar; and to make one tree or plant turn into another.

"We have also parks and enclosures of all sorts of beasts and birds which
we use not only for view or rareness, but likewise for dissections and trials;
that thereby we may take light what may be wrought upon the body of man.
Wherein we find many strange effects; as continuing life in them, though
divers parts, which you account vital, be perished and taken forth;
resuscitating of some that seem dead in appearance; and the like. We try
also all poisons and other medicines upon them, as well of chirurgery, as
physic. By art likewise, we make them greater or taller than their kind is;
and contrariwise dwarf them, and stay their growth: we make them more
fruitful and bearing than their kind is; and contrariwise barren and not
generative. Also we make them differ in colour, shape, activity, many ways.
We find means to make commixtures and copulations of different kinds;

which have produced many new kinds, and them not barren, as the general
opinion is. We make a number of kinds of serpents, worms, flies, fishes, of
putrefaction; whereof some are advanced (in effect) to be perfect creatures,
like bests or birds; and have sexes, and do propagate. Neither do we this by
chance, but we know beforehand, of what matter and commixture what kind
of those creatures will arise.

"We have also particular pools, where we make trials upon fishes, as we
have said before of beasts and birds.

"We have also places for breed and generation of those kinds of worms
and flies which are of special use; such as are with you your silk-worms and
bees.

"I will not hold you long with recounting of our brewhouses, bake-
houses, and kitchens, where are made divers drinks, breads, and meats, rare
and of special effects. Wines we have of grapes; and drinks of other juice of
fruits, of grains, and of roots; and of mixtures with honey, sugar, manna,
and fruits dried, and decocted; Also of the tears or woundings of trees; and
of the pulp of canes. And these drinks are of several ages, some to the age
or last of forty years. We have drinks also brewed with several herbs, and
roots, and spices; yea with several fleshes, and white-meats; whereof some
of the drinks are such, as they are in effect meat and drink both: so that
divers, especially in age, do desire to live with them, with little or no meat
or bread. And above all, we strive to have drink of extreme thin parts, to
insinuate into the body, and yet without all biting, sharpness, or fretting;
insomuch as some of them put upon the back of your hand will, with a little
stay, pass through to the palm, and yet taste mild to the mouth. We have
also waters which we ripen in that fashion, as they become nourishing; so
that they are indeed excellent drink; and many will use no other. Breads we
have of several grains, roots, and kernels; yea and some of flesh and fish
dried; with divers kinds of leavenings and seasonings: so that some do
extremely move appetites; some do nourish so, as divers do live of them,
without any other meat; who live very long. So for meats, we have some of
them so beaten and made tender and mortified, yet without all corrupting,
as a weak heat of the stomach will turn them into good chylus; as well as a
strong heat would meat otherwise prepared. We have some meats also and

breads and drinks, which taken by men enable them to fast long after; and
some other, that used make the very flesh of men's bodies sensibly more
hard and tough and their strength far greater than otherwise it would be.

"We have dispensatories, or shops of medicines. Wherein you may easily
think, if we have such variety of plants and living creatures more than you
have in Europe, (for we know what you have,) the simples, drugs, and
ingredients of medicines, must likewise be in so much the greater variety.
We have them likewise of divers ages, and long fermentations. And for their
preparations, we have not only all manner of exquisite distillations and
separations, and especially by gentle heats and percolations through divers
strainers, yea and substances; but also exact forms of composition, whereby
they incorporate almost, as they were natural simples.

"We have also divers mechanical arts, which you have not; and stuffs
made by them; as papers, linen, silks, tissues; dainty works of feathers of
wonderful lustre; excellent dies, and, many others; and shops likewise, as
well for such as are not brought into vulgar use amongst us as for those that
are. For you must know that of the things before recited, many of them are
grown into use throughout the kingdom; but yet, if they did flow from our
invention, we have of them also for patterns and principals.

"We have also furnaces of great diversities, and that keep great diversity
of heats; fierce and quick; strong and constant; soft and mild; blown, quiet;
dry, moist; and the like. But above all, we have heats, in imitation of the
Sun's and heavenly bodies' heats, that pass divers inequalities, and (as it
were) orbs, progresses, and returns, whereby we produce admirable effects.
Besides, we have heats of dungs; and of bellies and maws of living
creatures, and of their bloods and bodies; and of hays and herbs laid up
moist; of lime unquenched; and such like. Instruments also which generate
heat only by motion. And farther, places for strong insulations; and again,
places under the earth, which by nature, or art, yield heat. These divers
heats we use, as the nature of the operation, which we intend, requireth.

"We have also perspective-houses, where we make demonstrations of all
lights and radiations; and of all colours: and out of things uncoloured and
transparent, we can represent unto you all several colours; not in rain-bows,
(as it is in gems, and prisms,) but of themselves single. We represent also all

multiplications of light, which we carry to great distance, and make so
sharp as to discern small points and lines. Also all colourations of light; all
delusions and deceits of the sight, in figures, magnitudes, motions, colours
all demonstrations of shadows. We find also divers means, yet unknown to
you, of producing of light originally from divers bodies. We procure means
of seeing objects afar off; as in the heaven and remote places; and represent
things near as afar off; and things afar off as near; making feigned
distances. We have also helps for the sight, far above spectacles and glasses
in use. We have also glasses and means to see small and minute bodies
perfectly and distinctly; as the shapes and colours of small flies and worms,
grains and flaws in gems, which cannot otherwise be seen, observations in
urine and blood not otherwise to be seen. We make artificial rain-bows,
halo's, and circles about light. We represent also all manner of reflexions,
refractions, and multiplications of visual beams of objects.

"We have also precious stones of all kinds, many of them of great
beauty, and to you unknown; crystals likewise; and glasses of divers kinds;
and amongst them some of metals vitrificated, and other materials besides
those of which you make glass. Also a number of fossils, and imperfect
minerals, which you have not. Likewise loadstones of prodigious virtue;
and other rare stones, both natural and artificial.

"We have also sound-houses, where we practise and demonstrate all
sounds, and their generation. We have harmonies which you have not, of
quarter-sounds, and lesser slides of sounds. Divers instruments of music
likewise to you unknown, some sweeter than any you have, together with
bells and rings that are dainty and sweet. We represent small sounds as great
and deep; likewise great sounds extenuate and sharp; we make divers
tremblings and warblings of sounds, which in their original are entire. We
represent and imitate all articulate sounds and letters, and the voices and
notes of beasts and birds. We have certain helps which set to the ear do
further the hearing greatly. We have also divers strange and artificial
echoes, reflecting the voice many times, and as it were tossing it: and some
that give back the voice louder than it came, some shriller, and some
deeper; yea, some rendering the voice differing in the letters or articulate
sound from that they receive. We have also means to convey sounds in
trunks and pipes, in strange lines and distances.

"We have also perfume-houses; wherewith we join also practices of
taste. We multiply smells, which may seem strange. We imitate smells,
making all smells to breathe outs of other mixtures than those that give
them. We make divers imitations of taste likewise, so that they will deceive
any man's taste. And in this house we contain also a confiture-house; where
we make all sweet-meats, dry and moist; and divers pleasant wines, milks,
broths, and sallets; in far greater variety than you have.

"We have also engine-houses, where are prepared engines and
instruments for all sorts of motions. There we imitate and practise to make
swifter motions than any you have, either out of your muskets or any engine
that you have: and to make them and multiply them more easily, and with
small force, by wheels and other means: and to make them stronger and
more violent than yours are; exceeding your greatest cannons and basilisks.
We represent also ordnance and instruments of war, and engines of all
kinds: and likewise new mixtures and compositions of gun-powder, wild-
fires burning in water, and unquenchable. Also fireworks of all variety both
for pleasure and use. We imitate also flights of birds; we have some degrees
of flying in the air. We have ships and boats for going under water, and
brooking of seas; also swimming-girdles and supporters. We have divers
curious clocks, and other like motions of return: and some perpetual
motions. We imitate also motions of living creatures, by images, of men,
beasts, birds, fishes, and serpents. We have also a great number of other
various motions, strange for equality, fineness, and subtilty.

"We have also a mathematical house, where are represented all
instruments, as well of geometry as astronomy, exquisitely made.

"We have also houses of deceits of the senses; where we represent all
manner of feats of juggling, false apparitions, impostures, and illusions; and
their fallacies. And surely you will easily believe that we that have so many
things truly natural which induce admiration, could in a world of particulars
deceive the senses, if we would disguise those things and labour to make
them seem more miraculous. But we do hate all impostures, and lies;
insomuch as we have severely forbidden it to all our fellows, under pain of
ignominy and fines, that they do not show any natural work or thing,

adorned or swelling; but only pure as it is, and without all affectation of
strangeness.

"These are (my son) the riches of Salomon's House.

"For the several employments and offices of our fellows; we have twelve
that sail into foreign countries, under the names of other nations, (for our
own we conceal); who bring us the books, and abstracts, and patterns of
experiments of all other parts. These we call Merchants of Light.

"We have three that collect the experiments which are in all books.
These we call Depredators.

"We have three that collect the experiments of all mechanical arts; and
also of liberal sciences; and also of practices which are not brought into
arts. These we call Mystery-men.

"We have three that try new experiments, such as themselves think good.
These we call Pioneers or Miners.

"We have three that draw the experiments of the former four into titles
and tables, to give the better light for the drawing of observations and
axioms out of them. These we call Compilers.

"We have three that bend themselves, looking into the experiments of
their fellows, and cast about how to draw out of them things of use and
practise for man's life, and knowledge, as well for works as for plain
demonstration of causes, means of natural divinations, and the easy and
clear discovery of the virtues and parts of bodies. These we call Dowry-men
or Benefactors.

"Then after divers meetings and consults of our whole number, to
consider of the former labours and collections, we have three that take care,
out of them, to direct new experiments, of a higher light, more penetrating
into nature than the former. These we call Lamps.

"We have three others that do execute the experiments so directed, and
report them. These we call Inoculators.

"Lastly, we have three that raise the former discoveries by experiments
into greater observations, axioms, and aphorisms. These we call Interpreters
of Nature.

"We have also, as you must think, novices and apprentices, that the
succession of the former employed men do not fail; besides, a great number
of servants and attendants, men and women. And this we do also: we have
consultations, which of the inventions and experiences which we have
discovered shall be published, and which not: and take all an oath of
secrecy, for the concealing of those which we think fit to keep secret:
though some of those we do reveal sometimes to the state and some not.

"For our ordinances and rites: we have two very long and fair galleries:
in one of these we place patterns and samples of all manner of the more rare
and excellent inventions in the other we place the statues of all principal
inventors. There we have the statue of your Columbus, that discovered the
West Indies: also the inventor of ships: your monk that was the inventor of
ordnance and of gunpowder: the inventor of music: the inventor of letters:
the inventor of printing: the inventor of observations of astronomy: the
inventor of works in metal: the inventor of glass: the inventor of silk of the
worm: the inventor of wine: the inventor of corn and bread: the inventor of
sugars: and all these, by more certain tradition than you have. Then have we
divers inventors of our own, of excellent works; which since you have not
seen, it were too long to make descriptions of them; and besides, in the right
understanding of those descriptions you might easily err. For upon every
invention of value, we erect a statue to the inventor, and give him a liberal
and honourable reward. These statues are some of brass; some of marble
and touch-stone; some of cedar and other special woods gilt and adorned;
some of iron; some of silver; some of gold.

"We have certain hymns and services, which we say daily, of Lord and
thanks to God for his marvellous works: and forms of prayers, imploring his
aid and blessing for the illumination of our labours, and the turning of them
into good and holy uses.

"Lastly, we have circuits or visits of divers principal cities of the
kingdom; where, as it cometh to pass, we do publish such new profitable
inventions as we think good. And we do also declare natural divinations of

diseases, plagues, swarms-of hurtful creatures, scarcity, tempests,
earthquakes, great inundations, comets, temperature of the year, and divers
other things; and we give counsel thereupon, what the people shall do for
the prevention and remedy of them."

And when he had said this, he stood up; and I, as I had been taught,
kneeled down, and he laid his right hand upon my head, and said; "God
bless thee, my son; and God bless this relation, which I have made. I give
thee leave to publish it for the good of other nations; for we here are in
God's bosom, a land unknown." And so he left me; having assigned a value
of about two thousand ducats, for a bounty to me and my fellows. For they
give great largesses where they come upon all occasions.

[The rest was not perfected.]

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