Notes and Queries_ Vol. III_ Number 86_ June 21_ 1851 Various 441 downloads.pdf

The Project Gutenberg eBook of

Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 86, June 21, 1851
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts
of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it,
give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United
States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
using this eBook.

Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 86, June 21, 1851

Author: Various

Editor: George Bell

Release date: September 21, 2011 [eBook #37496]
Most recently updated: March 19, 2013

Language: English

Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/37496

Credits: Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL.
III, NUMBER 86, JUNE 21, 1851 ***

Vol. III.—No. 86.

NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—Captain Cuttle.
Vol. III.—No. 86.
Saturday, June 21. 1851.
Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.

CONTENTS.
Notes:—
Notes on Books, No. I.: Mackintosh on Ogilvie's Essay on the Right of
Property in Land, by S. W. Singer 489
Notes on Ireland, No. I.: Freedom from Serpents 490
Canons and Articles of 1571 491
On Two Passages in Dryden, by H. H. Breen 492
Minor Notes:—Lord Edward Fitzgerald's Mother—Chaucer and Gray—
Shakspeare Family—Epitaph on Dr. Humphrey Tindall—Specimens
of Composition—Burke's "mighty Boar of the Forest" 492

Queries:—
Queries on Tennyson 493
Ancient Modes of hanging Bells, by Rev. A. Gatty 493
Minor Queries:—English Sapphics—Equestrian Statues—Plays in
Churches—"The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong"—Serius,
where situated?—Hollander's Austerity, &c.—Brother Jonathan—
Authorship of the "Groves of Blarney"—Carnaby—Death of
Death's Painter—Book Plates—Querelle d'Allemand—Bassenet of
Eaton—Dumore Castle, or the Petrified Fort—Charles Dodd, the
Ecclesiastical Historian—Ussher's Works, by Dr. Elrington—Family
of Etty the Artist—St. Hibbald 494
Minor Queries Answered:—Unde derivatur "Gooseberry Fool?"—
Biography of Bishop Hurd—Friday, why considered unlucky—The
Lord Mayor a Privy Councillor—Alterius Orbis Papa—Mrs. Elstob
—Cardinal Bellarmin 496

Replies:—
Shakspeare's Use of "Captious" and "Intenible." Shakspeare's "Small
Latin" 497
Earth thrown upon the Coffin, by Rev. A. Gatty, &c. 499
On the Word "Prenzie" in "Measure for Measure," by John Taylor 499
Zacharie Boyd 500
Replies to Minor Queries:—Death, how symbolised—A Kemble Pipe—
Flemish Work on the Order of St. Franciscus—Meaning of Tick—

Spelling of Britannia, &c.—Fossil Elk of Ireland—"In Time the
Bull," &c.—Baldrock—Epitaph—Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots—
Aristophanes on the Modern Stage—The White Rose—Mark for a
Dollar—Gillingham—On the Lay of the Last Minstrel, &c.—Lines
on Temple—Sewell, Meaning of—Lambert Simnel—Tennyson's "In
Memoriam"—The second King of Nineveh who burned his Palace
—Legend in Frettenham Church—Natural Daughter of James II.—
Clarkson's Richmond—MSS. of Sir Thomas Phillipps—Meaning of
Pilcher—Antiquity of Smoking—Principle of Association—Corpse
makes a Right of Way—Chloe—Family of Sir J. Banks—Verse
Lyon—Heronsewes—Theory of the Earth's Form—Mythology of
the Stars—Topical Memory—Eisell—Four Want Way—Meaning of
Carfoix—A regular Mull—William Hone—The Rev. Mr. Gay—
Lady Mary Cavendish—Hand giving the Blessing—The Oldenburg
Horn—Covey—Davy Jones's Locker—Umbrella—Nao, a Ship—
Birth of Spenser, &c. 501

Miscellaneous:—
Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 510
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 510
Notices to Correspondents 511
Advertisements 511
List of Notes & Queries volumes and pages

Notes.

NOTES ON BOOKS, NO. I.
Mackintosh on Ogilvie's Essay on the Right of Property in Land.
At the dispersion of the library of the late Sir James Mackintosh, striking evidence of his
extensive reading appeared. It seems to have been his custom to always read with a pencil
in his hand, to score the remarkable passages, and to make occasional notes; generally at
the end of the book he indicates the place where, and date when he read it.
One remarkable and not uninteresting example occurs in the following volume in my
possession:
"An Essay on the Right of Property in Land, with respect to its foundation in the
Law of Nature: its present establishment by the municipal laws of Europe; and the
regulations by which it might be rendered more beneficial to the lower ranks of
Mankind." London, 1782, 8vo.
On the inside of the cover Sir James Mackintosh has written:
"Clapham Common, July 18, 1828.—An ingenious and benevolent, but
injudicious book, which is a good example of the difficulty of forming plans for
the service of mankind. To the author, an accomplished recluse, a lettered
enthusiast of no vulgar talent or character, I owe the cultivation of a sense of the
beautiful in poetry and eloquence, for which at the distance of near half a century I
feel a lively gratitude. It was written by William Ogilvie, Professor of Humanity in
King's College, Aberdeen. I even now recollect passages of his Translation of the
4th Book of the Eneid.—J. Mackintosh."
I have found a corroboration of the estimate above given of this person, by another of his
countrymen, James Ogilvie (who appears to have been an itinerant teacher of oratory in
America) in a volume of Philosophical Essays published in Philadelphia in 1816. Speaking
of a gifted native of Scotland of the name of McAllester, settled in the far west, near Bard's
Town, and lamenting that he should choose to bury his talents in obscurity and indolence,
the writer says:
"He came nearer to the character of a scientific sage than any human being the
narrator has ever known, with the exception of William Ogilvie, Professor of
Humanity in King's College, Old Aberdeen, Author of a profound original 'Essay
on the Right of Property in Land.'"

The book itself is, in some respects at least, well worthy of attention, and especially at
the present moment, when the subject it embraces presses itself upon all men's
consideration. On emigration, for instance, Ogilvie has some anticipatory views: thus he
observes with truth:
"To increase the prosperity and the happiness of the greater number, is the primary
object of government, and the increase of national happiness must be the increase
of national strength. Is it not then the duty, and perhaps also the interest of every
legislature in the West of Europe to promote the emigration of its less opulent
subjects, until the condition of the lower classes of men at home be rendered
nearly as comfortable as the condition of the same classes in the new settlements
of North America?"—Pp. 50, 51.
Just now, when the Property Tax is to receive the mature consideration of the legislature,
the following passage, which also anticipates the public feeling as expressed lately by an
influential part of the press, deserves to be cited:
"Without regard to the original value of the soil, the gross amount of property in
land is the fittest subject of taxation; and could it be made to support the whole
expense of the public, great advantages would arise to all orders of men. What
then, may it be said, would not, in that case, the proprietors of stock in trade, in
manufactures, and arts, escape taxation, that is, the proprietors of one half of the
national income? They would indeed be so exempted; and very justly, and very
profitably for the state; for it accords with the best interests of the community
through successive generations, that active progressive industry should be
exempted, if possible, from every public burthen, and that the whole weight
should be laid on that quiescent stock, which has been formerly accumulated, as
the reward of an industry which is now no longer exerted."—P. 207.
In another work on political economy, Sir James has also recorded his opinion, and
indicated some passages, which have been copied by Godwin. The work is: Doutes
Proposés aux Philosophes Economistes sur l'Ordre Naturel et Essentiel des Sociétés
Politiques, par M. l'Abbé de Mably: à la Haye, 1768, 8vo.
"This book is a greater mixture of sense and nonsense than any other I ever read.
What he says against the Political jargon of the Economists, their evidence and
their despotisme légal, is perfectly well reasoned. His own system of ascribing all
evils to the Institution of Separate Property is too absurd for any serious
discussion."
It is pleasant to have these recorded opinions of such a man as Mackintosh on books the
subjects of which he had deeply meditated. Indeed, to me there is a great charm in such
private memoranda of a distinguished and able man, giving the passing impression on his
mind in the course of his reading.
S. W. Singer.

Mickleham, June 7. 1851.

NOTES ON IRELAND, NO. I.
Notes on Ireland's Freedom from Serpents.
That Ireland was infested with venomous reptiles before St. Patrick's time, that he
banished them, "and that serpents cannot survive in Ireland," is a well-known tradition, and
one universally received amongst the native Irish. In Christian symbolism it was usual to
designate sin or Paganism by a serpent or dragon, and saints who converted heathen
nations, or subdued the evil promptings of their own nature, were represented with a serpent
or dragon beneath their feet. Thus, St. Patrick, by preaching the doctrine of the Cross, and
uprooting Paganism, may be said to have banished venomous serpents from Ireland. In his
case, however, the symbol may have had a deeper meaning, if, as many (and with great
probability) think, serpent worship formed part of that Oriental heathenism which obtained
in early times in Ireland.
Dr. Geoffry Keating, in his History of Ireland (in the Irish language), which he completed
about the year 1625, says: "Saoilim gurab do an deamhnaibk gairmithear naithreacha nimke
i m-beathaidh Patraic" ("I think that by the serpents spoken of in the life of St. Patrick were
meant demons"). Serpents figure among the carvings and hieroglyphical ornaments on
some of the remnants of Irish antiquity which still puzzle our antiquaries. On Cruach
Padruig, in Mayo, there is a sort of tarn which still bears the name of Loch na Pheiste, or
the Serpent's Lake; and one of "the Two Lakes," whence Gleandaloch derives its name, has
the same appellation.
Solinus, who flourished at the close of the second century, notices, I believe, the strange
fact of Ireland's having an immunity from reptiles; Isidore and Bede, in the seventh and
eighth centuries, respectively repeat the assertion. Donatus, Bishop of Fesulæ, who
flourished about the middle of the ninth century, says, in a Latin poem on his native
country:
"Nulla venena nocent; nec Serpens serpit in herbâ;
Nec conquesta canit garrula Rana lacu
In qua Scotorum gentes habitare merentur;
Inclyta gens hominum, milite, pace, fide."
"Rana." A note on this word in Montgomery's Poetry of Ireland declares:
"However fabulous this may appear, it is certain that Frogs were formerly
unknown in this country: they were first propagated here from spawn introduced
as an experiment by a Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1696."
Joceline of Furnes, Sir James Ware, Fynes Moryson, and several others, notice the
absence of serpents in Ireland.
A Belfast correspondent to the Dublin Penny Journal, June, 1834, mentions some cases
of introducing reptiles into Ireland:
"About 1797, a gentleman is said to have imported from England into Wexford, a
number of vipers:"

they died immediately after. He continues:—
"We are sorry to record that the virtues of the good old times have passed away, as
snakes are at this moment (June, 1834) free denizens of the County of Down, and
gambolling in its shrubberies and plantings."
The particulars are as follows:
"In the summer of 1831, a gentleman, by way of experiment to ascertain whether
snakes would survive in Ireland, brought from Scotland a few pair of what are
usually called the common snake (Coluber natrix). These he put into a plantation
at Milecross, near Newtownards, where they soon from their number gave
evidence of becoming as fruitful as if they had been placed in South Carolina."
I have not heard how long the snakes continued at Milecross, but I believe they are not
there now. The Marquis of W——d, I have heard, in a similar freak, endeavoured, but
unsuccessfully, to propagate snakes on his property.
The usual Irish word for serpent is nathair; Welsh, gnadr; German, natter; Anglo-Saxon,
nædre; Latin, natrix; English, adder. The epithet nimhe, poison, is often added, and a
compound word made, nathair-neimhe.
Peist, a word I have before alluded to, is analogous with the Latin best-ia, and means a
worm, a beast, as well as a serpent.
Eirionnach.

CANONS AND ARTICLES OF 1571.
Dearest Sir,
Yours of the 4th I showed to Mr. Baker, who desires me to tell you, that the Canons of
1571, with the subscriptions, are (as the Articles) in paper bound up in the same volume of
the Synodalia, and stand there next to the "Articles of 1571" subscribed by the Archbishop
and ten Bishops.
I agree with you that the MS. of 1562 was designed to be subscribed without alterations;
but your reasons do not satisfy me that the alterations were posterior to the subscription, for
notwithstanding the alterations it appeared very plain to the subscribers what they
subscribed to, and there needed no memorandum to them that the lines of minium were
designed to exclude all that was scored; and the care that was taken to alter the account of
the number of lines and Articles of the several pages conformably to the alterations made
by the lines of minium was wholly unnecessary, and to no purpose, except the subscriptions
were to follow, in the middle of which the subscribers own the exact number of Articles and
lines in every page, and therefore this care was necessary that their subscription might be
true; but supposing they subscribed before the alterations, the lines of minium were
sufficient to show what alterations were to be made in the new copy of the Articles, and not
the least occasion for adjusting the number of Articles and lines at the end to the foregoing
pages. But both these are but conjectures on your and my part, and the main point does not

depend upon them, which is in my opinion, whether this MS. could be designed for the
Publick Record, and that it was not I think the want of such a memorandum as you speak
of, as well as the Archbishop leaving it to C. C. C. as his own property, is a sufficient
evidence: though I must confess I am apt to think the postscript in the Publick Record
(which I take to be printed from the record in Renald Wolfe's edition of 1563 referred to by
your adversary) refers to this MS., and the subscriptions to it of both houses.
Mr. Baker nor I had Gibson's Synod. Anglicana; but this morning I got a sight of it from
the booksellers, and have sent it to Mr. Baker, who I hope will make a better use of it than I
am able to do; the passage you refer to favours an opinion that I have had, that the
subscriptions were left in the keeping of the President of the Convocation, the Archbishop
or Bishop of London; but that a Publick Record (different from that with the subscriptions,
and left with the President) was engrossed in parchment, and preserved in its proper place,
the Registry of the Convocation; and thus that which Archbishop Laud found at Lambeth
might be left there.
I cannot tell exactly the number of blank pages (whether three or more) between the
subscription of the Bishops and of the Lower House in 1562. Both Mr. Baker and I omitted
to take so much notice of it; but we both remember that there might be room in the MS. for
the clause in the beginning of the twentieth Article, partly in the space between the
nineteenth and the twentieth Article, and partly in the margin; or in the margin there might
be room enough for the whole clause.
Rogers' first edition was 1579, under this title: "The English Creed, wherein is contained
in tables an Exposition on the Articles, which every one is to subscribe unto. Where the
Article is expounded by Scriptures and Confessions of all the Reformed Churches and
Heresies displayed, by Thomas Rogers. Printed for Andrew Mansell, 1579, in fol." This title
I transcribe from Andrew Mansell's printed Catalogue of Books, published 1595. I
mentioned to you another edition in 1585, the first part, and 1587, the second part, with a
new title and pretty great additions; and I think I told you the second part began with the
twentieth Article. It may seem from thence that his first edition in 1579 was not upon all the
Articles; but I believe it was, and that the other edition came not out both parts together,
because of the additions. I am sorry you find it not among Mr. Anstey's books, nor can I
find it here. With my humble service to your good lady, I am, dearest sir, your most
affectionate humble servant,
Tho. Browne.

The letter, of which the above is a transcript, may be interesting to some of your readers;
I therefore send it you for publication; the name of the person to whom it was addressed,
and the date, have been torn off.
ϖ.

[Thomas Browne, the writer of the foregoing letter, was a fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge; but subsequently, with his friend Mr. Baker, became a
Nonjuror. The letter appears to have been written to the Rev. Hilkiah Bedford, a
Nonjuring clergyman, who was at this time preparing his masterly reply to
Anthony Collins' work, Priestcraft in Perfection, which was published in 1709.
Mr. Bedford's work was published anonymously, and is entitled, A Vindication of

the Church of England from the Aspersions of a late Libel entituled "Priestcraft in
Perfection," &c. By a Priest of the Church of England: London, 1710. The preface
has been attributed to Dr. Joseph Trapp. Mr. Bedford has availed himself of the
information conveyed to him in the letter given above, especially in pages 32. 35.
42. 78. 84. At page 101. he says, "I shall set down what farther account concerning
this ancient MS. I have received in several letters from two persons of great
learning and integrity at Cambridge, who have consulted these MSS. of Corpus
Christi formerly, and been so obliging to examine them again now for my
satisfaction, with all the care and exactness due to a matter of such moment." The
minium mentioned by the writer of the letter is the red lead pencil commonly used
by Archbishop Parker, for noting particular passages in the documents he
perused.]

ON TWO PASSAGES IN DRYDEN.
I have met with a notion in Dryden's Poems, which reads very like a blunder. It occurs in
the "Spanish Friar," as follows:—
"There is a pleasure sure in being mad,
Which none but madmen know."
And again in this couplet:
"And frantic men in their mad actions show
A happiness, that none but madmen know;"
There is a description of madness to which all men are more or less subject, and which
Pascal alludes to in one of his "Pensées:"
"Les hommes sont si nécessairement fous, que ce serait être fou par un autre tour
de folie, que de ne pas être fou:"
or, as Boileau has it in the couplet:
"Tous les hommes sont fous, et malgré leurs soins,
Ne diffèrent, entre eux, que du plus ou du moins."
There is another sort of madness which is described by Terence as
—— "cum ratione insanire."
And there is a third species of it, which Dryden himself speaks of in the well-known line
adopted from Seneca:
"Great wits are sure to madness near allied."
Now, it is obvious that, in the passages above quoted from Dryden, he does not refer to
any of these three kinds of madness. As a man, he could say in regard to the first:
"Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto."

As a man of the world his whole life was an exemplification of the second; for no one knew
better than he how to be mad by rule. And as one of our greatest wits he was entitled to
claim a near alliance to that madness which is characteristic of men of genius. It is clear,
therefore, that, in the lines quoted above, he speaks of that total deprivation of reason,
which is emphatically described as stark, staring madness; and hence the blunder. In point
of fact, Dryden either knew the pleasure and happiness of which he speaks, as belonging to
that sort of madness, or he did not know them. If he knew them, then by his own showing
he was a madman. If he did not know them, how could he affirm that none but madmen
knew them?
Should my view of this matter be incorrect, I shall be thankful to any of your readers who
will take the trouble to set me right.
Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia, April 15. 1851.

Minor Notes.
Lord Edward Fitzgerald's Mother.

—A highly respectable woman, recently living in my service, and who was born and bred
in the household of the late Duke of Leinster, told me that, when she was a child, she was
much about the person of "the old Duchess;" and that she had often seen the bloody
handkerchief that was taken off Lord Edward Fitzgerald, after he had been shot at his
capture. This relic of her unfortunate son the venerable and noble lady always wore stitched
inside her dress. The peerage states that she was a daughter of the Duke of Richmond, was
married in 1746-7, and bore seventeen children. As the arrest of Lord Edward Fitzgerald
was not until 1798, she must have been full seventy years old when she thus mourned;
reminding one in the sternness of her grief of the "Ladye of Branksome."
A. G.

Chaucer and Gray.

—Of all the oft-quoted lines from Gray's Elegy, there is not one which is more frequently
introduced than the well-known
"E'en, in our ashes live their wonted fires."
Now Gray was an antiquary, and there is no doubt too well read in Chaucer. Is it too
much, therefore, to suggest that he owed this line to one in Chaucer's "Reves Prologue:"
"Yet in our ashen cold is fire yreken."
In Chaucer the sentiment it embodies is satirical:—
"For whan we may not don, than wol we speken,
Yet in our ashen cold is fire yreken."

In Gray, on the other hand, it is the moralist who solemnly declares:
"E'en from the tomb the voice of nature cries,
E'en in our ashes live their wonted fires."
But the coincidence cannot surely be accidental.
William J. Thoms.

Shakspeare Family.

—In the Rotulorum Patentium et Clausorum Cancellariæ Hiberniæ Calendarium, vol. i.
pars i. p. 99 b. is an entry, which shows that one Thomas Shakespere and Richard
Portyngale were appointed Comptrollers of Customs in the port of Youghal, in Ireland, in
the fifty-first year of Edward III.
J. F. F.

Epitaph on Dr. Humphrey Tindall (Vol. iii., p. 422.).

—The epitaph in Killyleagh churchyard is not unlike the following inscription on the
tomb of Umphrey Tindall, D.D., Dean of Ely and President of Queen's College, Cambridge,
who died Oct 12, 1650, in his sixty-fifth year, and is buried in the south aisle of the choir of
Ely Cathedral:—
"In presence, government, good actions, and in birth,
Grave, wise, courageous, noble, was this earth;
The poor, the Church, the College say, here lies
A friend, a Dean, a Master, true, good, wise."
K. C.

Cambridge.

Specimens of Composition.

—In the current (June) number of the Eclectic Review there is a critique on Gilfillan's
Bards of the Bible, the writer of which indulges in the use of several most inelegant,
extraordinary, and unpardonable expressions. He speaks of "spiritual monoptotes," &c., as
if all his readers were as learned as he himself professes to be: but the climax of his sorry
literary attempt is as follows:
"Over the whole literature of modern times there is a feeling of reduced
inspiration, milder possession, relaxed orgasmus, tabescent vitality, spiritual
collapse."—P. 725.
What would the author of the Spectator have thought of a writer who could unblushingly
parade before the literary public such words as "relaxed orgasmus," "tabescent vitality,"
"monoptotes," &c.?
J. H. Kershaw.

Burke's "mighty Boar of the Forest."

—It has been much canvassed, what induced Burke to call Junius the "mighty boar of the
forest." In the thirteenth book of the Iliad I found that Idomeneus, when awaiting the attack
of Æneas, is compared to the "boar of the mountains." I think it therefore probable that
Burke applied the comparison (quoting, from memory) to Junius. Perhaps you will not
think this trifle unworthy of a place among the "Notes."
Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie.

Queries.

QUERIES ON TENNYSON.
I should be much obliged to any of your correspondents who would explain the following
passages of Tennyson:
1. Vision of Sin (Poems, p. 361.):
"God made himself an awful rose of dawn."
2. Vision of Sin (Poems, p. 367.):
"Behold! it was a crime
Of sense avenged by sense that wore with time."
3. In Memoriam, p. 127.:
"Over those ethereal eyes
The bar of Michael Angelo."
(Coleridge, Introduction to Second Lay Sermon, p. xxvi., says:
"Whose ample foreheads, with the weighty bar, ridge-like, above the eye-brows,
bespoke observation followed by meditative thought:"
but why the allusion to Michael Angelo?)
[Is our correspondent aware that the "Bar of Michael Angelo" has already formed
the subject of a Query from Mr. Singer. See our 2nd Vol., p. 166.]
4. The Princess, p. 66.:
"Dare we dream of that, I ask'd,
Which wrought us, as the workman and his work,
That practice betters."
"Heir of all the ages." Is this traceable to the following lines of Goethe?
"Mein Vermächtniss, wie herrlich weit und breit!
Die Zeit ist mein Vermächtniss, mein Acker ist die Zeit!"
Is the poem "The Lord of Burleigh" founded on fact or not? In an old review of Tennyson
in the Westminster and Foreign Quarterly, it is stated to refer to the "mesalliance of the
Marquis of Westminster;" but any such notion is denied in the article on "Ballad Poetry" in
the last number of that journal.

Eryx.

ANCIENT MODES OF HANGING BELLS.
In the Churchwardens' accounts of Ecclesfield parish, the following entries occur:—
"1527. It. paid to James Frodsam for makyng of iiij bell collers, xiiijd.
"——. It. paid to Robert Dawyre mẽdyng a bell wheyll, iijd.
"1530. It. for festnynge a gogon in ye belle yocke, jd."
The foregoing extracts are quoted with a view to ascertaining at how early a period the
framework, now employed for suspending bells inchurches, was in use. It would appear that
in 1527 the bell-wheel was known, and the bell swung on gudgeons ("gogon"), as it does
now; but it may be doubted whether it was the same full wheel which we have. In a paper
on Bells, read before the Bristol and West of England Architectural Society, Dec. 10, 1849,
by the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe, and which has since been published in that Society's Report, I
observe that two interesting plates of the bell-wheels are given: one being the old half-
wheel, as still to be seen at Dunchideock in Devonshire; and the other the present whole
wheel, which Mr. Ellacombe considers was a new thing in 1677.
Supposing that only the half-wheel was known in 1725, still the leverage which it
afforded in raising the bell was the same as is given by its modern substitute. What then
was the still earlier way of obtaining the momentum necessary to peal-ringing? A drawing
of an ancient campanile turret which I have, exhibits a short piece of wood stuck at right
angles into the beam to which the bell is fastened; and from the end of this, the rope
depends, and would, of course, when pulled, easily swing the bell on its axle.
Observation in old belfries, or illustrations in old books, would possibly throw light upon
my Query, which is, What were the modes of hanging church bells for ringing, prior to the
invention of the bell-wheel?
Alfred Gatty.

Minor Queries.
English Sapphics.

—Can any of your readers furnish a list of the best specimens of the English sapphic
metre in the English language?—Every one is familiar with Canning's Needy Knife
Grinder, in the poetry of the Anti-Jacobin, but I do not believe Dr. Watts's beautiful sapphic
lines are as well known as they deserve. I have not a copy of them by me, but I give the first
stanza from memory:
"When the fierce North Wind, with his airy forces,

Rears up the Baltic to a foaming fury,
And the red lightning, with a storm of hail, comes
Rushing amain down."
F m.

Equestrian Statues.

—I have heard it remarked that, with the solitary exception of the Duke of Wellington,
there is no instance of an equestrian statue being erected to a subject, in Her Majesty's
dominions. Is this so?
F m.

Plays in Churches.

—In Cooke's Leicestershire the following is given as an extract from the church register
of Syston:
"1602, paid to Lord Morden's players because they should not play in the church,
12d."
Who was this Lord Morden; and did the chartered players claim the right of their
predecessors, the "moralitie men," to use the church for their representations? Was the 12d.
given as a bribe to the players to induce them to forego their claim, or expended in the hire
of a place more in accordance with the parish authorities' ideas of propriety?
Emun.

"The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong."

—Where is this oft-quoted line to be found, and who is the author of it? It is marked as a
quotation in Pope's Dunciad, book iv.
S. Wmson.

Serius, where situated?

—In requesting the information upon a point in geography with which this note
concludes, I shall not, I trust, incur censure for introducing it by quoting a few of the lines
in which the poet Vida conveys to parents his advice upon the choice of a master for their
sons:
"Interea moniti vos hic audite, parentes,
Quærendus rector de millibus, eque legendus,
Sicubi Musarum studiis insignis et arte,
Qui curas dulces, carique parentis amorem
Induat, atque velit blandum perferre laborem.

* * * * *
Ille autem, pueri cui credita cura colendi,
Artibus egregiis, in primis optet amari,
Atque odium cari super omnia vitet alumni."
I cannot pass unnoticed his counsel to masters:
"Ponite crudeles iras, et flagra, magistri,
Fœda ministeria, atque minis absistite acerbis.
Ne mihi ne, quæso, puerum quis verbera cogat
Dura pati; neque enim lacrymas, aut dulcis alumni
Ferre queunt Musæ gemitus, ægræque recedunt,
Illiusque cadunt animi," &c.
Vida exemplifies the consequences of the furious character and raging conduct of a
master, in the harsh treatment of his defenceless flock (turba invalida), in the instance of a
lovely boy, who, forgetful of fear,
"Post habuit ludo jussos ediscere versus."
The terror excited by the savage pedagogue throws the poor little fellow into a fatal
illness:
"Quo subito terrore puer miserabilis acri
Corripitur morbo; parvo is post tempore vitam
Crescentem blandâ cœli sub luce reliquit.
Illum populifer Padus, illum Serius imis
Seriadesque diu Nymphæ flevere sub undis."
Vidæ Poet., lib, i. 216. &c.

My inquiry is after Serius Seriadesque Nymphæ. Where is the Serius? What is the Italian
name for this (I presume) tributary of the Po?
F. W. F.

Hollander's Austerity, &c.

—Will you, or some one of your readers, kindly explain the allusions in the following
passage?—
"Mr. Secretary Winwood is dead, whereby you see Death expects no Complement,
otherwise he would certainly have kept it at the Staff's End, with a kind of
Hollander's austerity." [Sir Th. Wentworth to Sir H. Wotton, Nov. 8. 1617,
Strafford's Letters and Despatches, vol. i. p. 5.]
C. P. Ph***.

Brother Jonathan.

—Why is, and when first was, this fraternal cognomen bestowed upon the United States
of America? Is it strictly applicable to the whole of the Union, or only to those states which
were settled and peopled by the Puritan fathers?
Henry Campkin.

Authorship of the "Groves of Blarney."

—Can any one inform me when, and by whom, the ludicrous ballad, entitled the Groves
of Blarney, was composed, and where it may be found. Everybody knows the lines which
describe "Cupid and Venus and old Nicodemus, all standing out in the open air."
E. V.

Carnaby.

—What is the derivation and meaning of this word, as the name of a square or street?
Arun.

Death of Death's Painter.

—Most persons have heard of the story of an Italian painter who embodied the idea of
Death on the canvass so truthfully, that the contemplation of it caused his own death. I
always thought it was fabulous, till I met with it in the translation of Vasari's Lives of the
Painters, vol. ii. p. 305., now being published in Bohn's Standard Library. The name of
Fivizzano is there given to the painter, and the following epigram is said to have been
inscribed beneath the picture:—
"Me veram pictor divinus mente recepit.
Admota est operi deinde perita manus.
Dumque opere in facto defigit lumina pictor,
Intentus nimium, palluit et moritur.
Viva igitur sum mors, non mortua mortis imago
Si fungor, quo mors fungitur officio."
Which may be thus translated:—
Me with such truth the painter's mind discerned,
While with such skilful hand the work he plied,
That when to view his finished work he turned,
With horror stricken, he grew pale, and died.
Sure I am living Death, not Death's dead shade,
That do Death's work, and am like Death obeyed.
Can you refer me to any authority for the story?
J. C. H.

Finsbury.

Book Plates.

—I have been some years collecting book plates with a view latterly of writing A History
of Book Plates, if I can find time to do so. Several years ago, in a paper which was printed
in the Oxford Heraldic Society's Report, I suggested 1700 as their earliest known date. I am
glad to have an opportunity of mentioning that paper for the sake of saying, that I made
some mistakes in it. Mr. Burgon on seeing it said, in a following report, that he had seen a
book plate dated 1698. I have since obtained one or two dated in that year. I am anxious to
know from any of your readers whether they have seen any English book plate dated before
1698. I am inclined to think that foreign book plates are to be found of an earlier date. I
have some, unfortunately not dated, which I think are earlier. There is no doubt, however,
that in this country at least they did not become general till after that date. If I live to
publish the little work which I meditate, I will give all the information which I can produce
on the subject.
Daniel Parsons.

Querelle d'Allemand.

—The phrase, "faire une querelle d'Allemand," means, as your readers are aware, to pick
a quarrel with a person for the mere pleasure of quarrelling: and the earliest instance of its
application, that occurs to me, will be found in one of Du Vair's essays, where speaking of
the virtues of some of his predecessors in the office of "chancelier", he says:
"Après avoir longuement et fidèlement servi la patrie, on leur dresse des querelles
d'Allemand, et de fausses accusations pour les bannir des affaires."
Is the origin of this expression connected with any particular occurrence in history; or has
it arisen from any proneness to quarrel, which might be said to be inherent in the national
character of the Germans?
Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia, May, 1851.

Bassenet of Eaton.

—Edward Bassenet, the first married Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, and who in the words
of Swift, "surrendered the deanery to that beast Hen. VIII.," was of a family seated at Eaton,
in Denbighshire. He had four sons, Richard, William, John, and George; on whom he
settled the Irish property which he acquired at the surrender, and probably what he held at
Eaton. (See Mason's St. Patrick's, p. 151.)
Can any of your correspondents inform me if this family be still in existence, and in
possession? or if not, how soon it failed? From the notices given by Mason, it seems

probable that the eldest son died without issue; but even this is not certain, and beyond this
I have no clue.
D. X.

Dumore Castle, or the Petrified Fort.

—Can any of your valued contributors trace the origin of this ancient fortress, which is
situated on a peak of the Grampian Hills, seven miles north-east from Crieff, immediately
above the romantic glen of Almond, so much spoken of in Wordsworth's poems as the
burial-place of Ossian. The fort has the appearance of a large circus ring, around which are
scattered the remains of this once remarkable stronghold, and which to every appearance
have been burned to an extensive degree. Tradition assigns it to be the spot in which the
Caledonians so nobly defended the further progress northward of the Romans; and also that
it was the custom in those days, for the purpose of making their places of defence more
secure, to build a double wall, in which all manner of combustibles were put, which they
kindled, and let burn for the space of a few days. Being peculiarly attached to this romantic
spot, and anxious to have any particulars regarding its history, perhaps you would be so
kind as give it a corner in your valuable "Notes and Queries;" whereby it may be the means
of gaining an answer to my Query.
James C.

Charles Dodd, the Ecclesiastical Historian.

—The catalogue of the Bodleian Library asserts that this author's real name is Hugh
Tootle. I should like to know the authority for this statement?
Tyro.

Dublin.

Ussher's Works, by Dr. Elrington.

—If you, or any of your correspondents, can inform me when the remaining volume of
the new edition of Archbishop Ussher's works by Dr. Elrington, is likely to be published, I
shall esteem it a favour, as I am unable to learn from the booksellers.
C. Paine, Jun.

Family of Etty the Artist.

—In the Diary of Ralph Thoresby, F. R. S., 1702, vol. i. p. 366., occurs the following
passage:—
"Evening sat up too late with a parcel of artists I had got on my hands; Mr. Gyles,
the famousest painter of glass perhaps in the world, and his nephew, Mr. Smith,
the bell-founder (from whom I received the ringing or gingling spur, and that most
remarkable, with a neck six inches and a half long); Mr. Carpenter the statuary,

and Mr. Etty the painter, with whose father, Mr. Etty, senr, the architect, the most
celebrated Grinlin Gibbons wrought at York, but whether apprenticed with him or
not I remember not well. Sate up full late with them."
Thoresby at this time was at York. Were these Ettys ancestors of the late William Etty? In
the "Autobiography" published in the Art Journal, it is stated that his father was a miller at
York, but the account goes no farther back. It would be interesting to ascertain how far this
was a case of hereditary genius. Is anything known of the "Etty the Painter," and "Etty,
Sen., the architect," to whom Thoresby alludes? and are any of their works extant?
G. J. De Wilde.

St. Hibbald.

—Who was St. Hibbald, and where is some account of him to be found? He is reported
to have been buried at Hibbaldstowe, near Kirton, in Lindsey.
K. P. D. E.

Minor Queries Answered.
Unde derivatur "Gooseberry Fool?"

—I have heard some wild guesses on this subject; the most preposterous, perhaps, being
that which would connect the term with gooseberry food.
Has not the French word fouler, "to press," or "squeeze," something to do with the
matter?
T. J. T.

Cheltenham, May 6. 1851.

[Our correspondent will find ample confirmation of the accuracy of his derivation
in Tarver's Phraseological Dictionary, where, under Fouler, he will find the
examples, "Fouler des pommes, du raisin, to press, to crush, to squeeze apples,
grapes."]

Biography of Bishop Hurd.

—The longest biographical sketch I remember to have seen of the late Bishop Hurd, the
friend and biographer of Bishop Warburton, was in a work called the Ecclesiastical
Register, or some such name, I suppose of the date of 1809 or thereabouts. Can any
correspondent of "Notes and Queries" direct me to the precise title and date of the work, or
point out any better sketch of the Bishop's life?
F. K.

[In the collected Works of Bishop Hurd, 8 vols. 8vo., edit. 1811, will be found an
autobiographical sketch of the Bishop, entitled "Some Occurrences in my Life,"
discovered among his papers after his decease. Nichols' Literary Anecdotes of the
Eighteenth Century, vol. vi. pp. 468-512., contains a long and interesting account
of the Bishop. See also the Annual Register, vol. 1. p. 155.]

Friday, why considered unlucky.

—Can any of your readers tell me why Friday is considered an unlucky day?
E. N. W.

[There is no doubt the belief of Friday being an unlucky day originated in its being
the day of the Crucifixion. A very early allusion to this superstition, and which has
not we believe been recorded by Brande, will be found in Geoffrey de Vinsauf's
"Lament for Richard Cœur de Lion," who was killed on a Friday:
"O Veneris lacrymosa dies, O sidus amarum!
Illa dies tua nox fuit, et Venus illa venenum."
It is to this passage Chaucer refers in his Nonnes Preeste's Tale, v. 15, 353., et seq.,
when he says:
"O Gaufride, dere maister soverain,
That, whan thy worthy King Richard was slain
With shot, complainedest his deth so sore,
Why ne had I now thy science and thy lore,
The Friday for to chiden, as did ye?
For on a Friday sothly slain was he."]

The Lord Mayor a Privy Councillor.

—Can any of your contributors inform me whether the prefix "Right Honourable" is
accorded to the title of the Lord Mayor of London as a mere matter of courtesy, or whether
our Chief Magistrate is for the time being ex officio a Privy Councillor, and consequently
"Right Honourable?"
If any authority for either position can be cited, so much the more satisfactory.
Legalis.

[The Lord Mayor is never sworn as a Privy Councillor; but on the demise of the
Crown attends the meeting, of the Privy Council held on such occasion, and signs
the proclamation of the new Sovereign. On the accession of William IV., some
objection was, we believe, made to the admission of the Lord Mayor into the
Council Chamber, which was, however, abandoned on an intimation that if the
Lord Mayor was not admitted, he would retire, accompanied by his officers and
the aldermen who were present.]

Alterius Orbis Papa.

—In the Bishop of Exeter's celebrated Pastoral Letter, p. 44., the Archbishop of
Canterbury is styled—
"The second spiritual chief of Christendom, alterius orbis Papa."
In conversation a few days since I heard these expressions objected to, when a gentleman
present observed that the title "Alterius orbis Papa" was conferred by the Bishop of Rome,
or Pope of Christendom, on his confrère of Canterbury, at a very early period. His memory
did not furnish him with the precise date, but he was convinced that such was the fact as
reported in Collier's Ecclesiastical History, and seemed inclined to refer it to a period not
long subsequent to the mission of Augustine.
Is such the fact? or, if not, to whom may the words be ascribed?
A. B.

Redland, June 5.

[Carwithen, in his History of the Church of England, vol. i. p. 40., speaking of
Wolsey's attempt to gain the popedom, says, "His aim was the chair of St. Peter,
and to the attainment of his wishes he rendered subservient both the alliances and
the enmities of his own country. At home, even the papacy could confer on him no
accession of power: he was indeed papa alterius orbis."]

Mrs. Elstob.

—Mrs. Elstob, the Anglo-Saxon scholar, is stated by a recent reviewer to have
passed the period of her seclusion in a village in Wiltshire, until taken notice of by
a neighbouring clergyman. What village was this, and who was the clergyman? for
other authorities place her at Evesham in Worcestershire.
J. W.

[We are inclined to think that Wiltshire must be a misprint for Worcestershire in
the Review, as the notices of Miss Elstob in Kippis' Biographia Britannica, and
Nichols' Anecdotes of Bowyer, only speak of her retirement in distressed
circumstances to Evesham, where she attracted the notice of Mr. Ballard, author of
Memoirs of British Ladies, and of Mrs. Capon, wife of the Rev. Mr. Capon, of
Stanton, in Gloucestershire.]

Cardinal Bellarmin.

—I find the following passage in D'Israeli's Curiosities of Literature:—
"Bellarmin was made a Cardinal for his efforts and devotion to the Papal cause,
and maintaining this monstrous paradox—that if the Pope forbid the exercise of

virtue and command that of vice, the Roman Church, under pain of sin, was
obliged to abandon virtue for vice, if it would not sin against conscience."
Can any of your readers favour me with the text in Bellarmin, which contains this
"monstrous paradox?"
Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia, May, 1851.

[The passage will be found in Disputationum Roberti Bellarmini, de Controversiis
Christianæ Fidei: De Summo Pontifice, lib. iv. cap. v. sect. 8.: Pragæ, 1721, fol.,
vol. i. p. 456.:
"8. Secundò, quia tune necessariò erraret, etiam circa fidem. Nam fides Catholica
docet, omnem virtutem esse bonam, omne vitium esse malum: si autem Papa
erraret præcipiendo vitia, vel prohibendo virtutes, teneretur Ecclesia credere, vitia
esse bona, et virtutes malas, nisi vellet contra conscientiam peccare. Tenetur enim
in rebus dubiis Ecclesia acquiescere judicio summi Pontificis, et facere quod ille
præcipit; non facere, quod ille prohibet; ac nè fortè contra conscientiam agat,
tenetur credere bonum esse, quod ille præcipit: malum, quod ille prohibet."]

Replies.

SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF "CAPTIOUS" AND "INTENIBLE."
SHAKSPEARE'S "SMALL LATIN."
(Vol. ii., p. 354.; Vol. iii., p. 65.)
This is another discussion in which Shakspeare's love of antithesis has not been
sufficiently recognised.
The contrast in this case is in the ideas—ever receiving, never retaining: an allusion to
the hopeless punishment of the Danaïdes, so beautifully appropriate, so unmistakeably
apparent, and so well supported in the context, that I should think it unnecessary to offer a
comment upon it had the question been raised by a critic less distinguished than Mr.
Singer; or if I did not fancy that I perceive the origin of what I believe to be his mistake, in
the misreading of another line, the last in his quotation.
The hopelessness of Helena's love is cheerfully endured; she glories in it:
"I know I love in vain—strive against hope—
Yet still outpour the waters of my love,
And lack not to lose still."
This last line Mr. Singer reads, "and fail not to lose still;" but surely that is not Helena's
meaning? She means that her spring of love is inexhaustible; that, notwithstanding the
constant, hopeless waste, there lacks not (a supply) "to lose still!"
Johnson was one of those commentators enumerated by Mr. Singer, of whom he
observes, as a matter of surprise, "that none of them should have remarked that the sense of
the Latin 'captiosus,' and of its congeners in Italian and French, is deceitful, fallacious;"
"and," he adds, "Bacon uses the word for 'insidious,' 'ensnaring.'" But surely Johnson the
commentator was no other than Johnson the lexicographer; and yet, for these precise
definitions of "captious," which J. S. W. thinks "too refined and recondite" for Shakspeare's
"small Latin," we need apply to no higher source than to that familiar household companion
—Johnson's Dictionary, wherein is anticipated the citation of Bacon, and even of the
French word "captieux."
It could not therefore be from ignorance that Johnson failed to propose this recondite
sense, but from a conviction that it would not represent the true meaning of Shakspeare.
It will be perceived that, in appreciation of "captious," I side with Steevens, Malone,
Knight, Collier, and even with J.S.W.; in whom, however, with his irreverent allusion to "a

man who had small Latin," I can recognise no true worshipper of Shakspeare.
Why should Shakspeare be constantly twitted with this "small Latin," as if the "school-
like gloss" of a hundred Porsons could add one scintilla to the glory of his name? His was
the universal language of nature; and well does Mr. Singer remark that "We all know, by
intuition as it were, what Shakspeare meant." It is true that we discuss his mere words in the
endeavour to school our understandings to his level; but he, hedged by the divinity of
immeasurable genius, must, himself, be sacred;—to attempt to measure his attainments by
our finite estimation, is indeed sacrilege!
In retailing Ben Jonson's unluckily chosen expression, J.S.W. does not seem to be aware
that it has been doubted, and ably doubted, by Mr. Knight, in his History of Opinion, that
Jonson himself used it by any means in the pedagogue sense usually adopted. And it does
seem scarcely credible that Jonson would give utterance to a puff so miserably threadbare,
so absurd too on the very face of it; for in what possible way could an alleged deficiency of
Greek and Latin in Shakspeare, affect a comparison, made by Jonson, between Shakspeare
and the poets of Greece and Rome? As well might it be said that ignorance of the Greek
language, in Napoleon Buonaparte, would prevent a parallel between him and Alexander
the Great! What if Ben Jonson meant his fifth line to continue the supposition of the first?
—"though" is a word which has a hypothetical, as well as an admissive meaning; and there
is no difficulty in reading his lines in this way:
"If I thought my judgment were of yours, and though thy learning were less; still I
would not seek to compare thee with modern men, but call forth thundering
Eschylus," &c.
But I should like to ask J. S. W., as the nearest example from the same play, which does
he really think would require the larger Latin,—to discover the trite and only meaning of
"captiosus," or to use triple in the sense conferred upon it in Helena's description, to the
King, of her father's legacy? We have not at present in the English language any equivalent
for that word as Shakspeare used it, and of which he has left us another example in Antony
and Cleopatra, where the triumvir is called "the triple pillar of the world." We have failed
to take advantage of the lesson given us by our great master, and consequently our language
is deprived of what would have been a most convenient acquisition.
It is true that Johnson gives a definition of "triple," in reference to its application to
Antony, viz., "consisting of three conjoined;" but that meaning, however it might be
applicable to the triumvirate collectively, is certainly not so to the members individually. To
meet Shakspeare's use of the word, the definition must be extended to "consisting of, or
belonging to, three conjoined:" a sense in which "triplex" was undoubtedly used by the
Latins. Ovid would call the triumvirate "viri triplices," and of course each one must be "vir
triplex;" but perhaps the clearest instance of the triune application is where he addresses the
Fates (in Ibin. 76.) as spinning out "triplici pollice" (with triple thumb) the allotted task.
Now as only one of the sisters held the thread, there could be but one individual thumb
engaged (although with a sort of reflective ownership to all three); and there can be no
question that Ovid would apply the same term to the shears of Atropos, or the distaff of
Clotho.

Here, then, is a really recondite meaning, fairly traced to Shakspeare's own reading; for
had he borrowed it from any one else, some trace of it would be found, and Warburton need
not have stultified himself by his sapient note—"improperly used for third!"
But to return to "captious," there is, after all, no such great difference whether it be one's
goods, or one's wits, that are taken possession of; or whether the capture be effected by
avidity or fraud; both meanings unite in our own word "caption:" and there seems no good
reason why "captious" should not derive from "caption," as readily as "cautious" from
"caution." It is for the antithesis I contend, as a key to the true sense intended by
Shakspeare: the whole play is full of antitheses, uttered especially by Helena;—and
certainly, if we recognise the allusion to the Danaïdes (as who will not?), we cannot,
without depriving it of half its force and beauty, receive "captious" in the sense of
"deceptious." The Danaïdes were not deceived—the essence of their punishment was utter
absence of hope; Tantalus was deceived—the essence of his punishment was hope ever
recurring.
With respect to the suggestion of "capacious" by W.F.S. (p. 229.), he could not have read
Mr. Singer's paper with attention, or he would have perceived that he had been anticipated
by Farmer, who, by elision, had obviated the metrical objection of J.S.W. (p. 430.). But the
meaning of "capacious" is "capable of containing," and, as such, it would be more than
antithetical, it would be contradictory, to "intenible." If capacious be consistent with leaky,
then the "uxor secreti capax" must have been rather an unsafe confidante.
A. E. B.

Leeds, June 5. 1851.

EARTH THROWN UPON THE COFFIN.
(Vol. iii., p. 408.)
The origin of this ceremony must undoubtedly be sought in man's natural desire to cover
a dead body from the public view. The casting a handful of soil on the coffin is emblematic
of the complete inhumation. The most ancient writings have allusions to the shamefulness
of a corpse lying uninterred. Being thrown outside the walls of Jerusalem, with the burial of
an ass (Jeremiah xxii. 19.), was regarded as the worst possible fate.
Wheatly's observations upon this point, in his annotations on the burial service in the
Prayer Book, are as follows:
"The casting earth upon the body was esteemed an act of piety by the very
heathens (Ælian, Var. Hist., l. v. c. 14.), insomuch that to find a body unburied, and
leave it uncovered, was judged amongst them a great crime (Hor. l. i. od. 28. v.
36.). In the Greek Church this has been accounted so essential to the solemnity,
that it is ordered to be done by the priest himself (Goar, Eucholog. Offic. Exeq., p.
538.); and the same was enjoined by our own rubric in the first Common Prayer of
King Edward VI.: 'Then the priest casting earth upon the corpse,' &c. But in our
present Liturgy (as altered in Queen Elizabeth's reign, 1559), it is only ordered that

it 'shall be cast upon the body by some standing by:' and so it is generally left to
one of the bearers, or sexton, who, according to Horace's description (injecto ter
pulvere, vid. supra), gives three casts of earth upon the body or coffin, whilst the
priest pronounces the solemn form which explains the ceremony, viz. 'earth to
earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust.'"
The note in Horace upon the three words above quoted is very much to the point:
"In sacris hoc genus sepulturæ tradebatur, ut si non obrueretur, manu ter jacta terra,
cadaveri pro sepultura esset." (Vet. Schol.)
The ancients thought that the spirit of an unburied corpse could not reach the Elysian
fields, but wandered disconsolate by the Styx, until some pious hand paid the customary
funeral rites. See the case of Patroclus (Iliad, xxiii. 70, et seq.). To lay the unquiet ghost, a
handful of earth on the bodily remains would suffice:
"Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescent."
The indignity of a public execution is much aggravated by allowing the body of the
criminal to remain exposed, as in the case of the five sons of Saul whose corpses were
guarded by Rizpah (2 Sam. xxi.); and in our own recent custom of ordering pirates and the
worst kind of murderers, to be gibbeted in chains, as a monumental warning.
Three or four summers ago I buried an Irish reaper, who had suddenly died in the
harvest-fields. About half a dozen fellow-labourers, Irish and Roman Catholics like himself,
bore him to the grave. At the words earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust, they threw
in handfuls of soil; and, as soon as the service was over, they filled up the grave with spades
which they had brought for the purpose. No doubt, there was religious prejudice in all this;
but their behaviour was most reverent, and what they did seemed to arise from the generous
instinct to cover the dead body of a comrade.
Alfred Gatty.

Wheatly on the Common Prayer (ch. xii. §5.) derives this custom from the ancients, and
adds that—
"In the Greek Church, the casting earth upon the body has been accounted so essential to
the solemnity, that it is ordered to be done by the priest himself. And the same was enjoined
by our own rubric in the first Common Prayer of King Edward VI."
For the Greek Church Wheatly refers to Goar Rituale Græcorum, p. 538. The passage,
which I transcribe from Goar, runs as follows:—
"Et cadaver in monumento deponitur. Sacerdos vero terram batillo tollens
superinjecit cadaveri, dicens, 'Domini est terra et plenitudo ejus: orbis terrarum et
qui habitant in eo.' His peractis cadaveri superinfundunt lampadis oleum, aut e
thuribulo cinerem. Atque ita ut moris est, sepulchrum operiunt dum dicuntur
moduli," &c.
The following reference may also be added, Goar, 556., "Officium funeris monachorum,"
where the earth is directed to be thrown "in crucis modum."
N. E. R. (a Subscriber.)

ON THE WORD "PRENZIE" IN "MEASURE FOR
MEASURE."
(Vol. iii., p. 401.)
"The first folio," says Dr. Johnson, "has in both places prenzie, from which the other
folios made princely, and every editor may make what he can." It will not be difficult, I
conceive, to find out what sense Shakspeare meant to convey by this word, and to show that
what he meant he has expressed with sufficient accuracy, though his meaning was soon
after misunderstood. Our language owes much of its wealth of words to the talent which our
great poet possessed for coining them—a talent which he exercised with marvelous tact:
and if now and then some of them failed for want of being properly printed, we may rather
wonder that so many obtained currency, than that a few ceased to circulate soon after they
were first introduced.
The idea intended to be conveyed by the word prenzie, is that which is expressed in the
following passages:
"All this I speak in print; for in print I found it."
Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act II. Sc. I.
"I will do it, Sir, in print."
Love's Labour's Lost, Act III. Sc. I.
on which Steevens remarks:
"In print means with Exactness—with the utmost Nicety."
He supports this meaning by quotations from other dramatic writers of the same age:
"Not a hair about his Bulk, but it stands in print." (1605)
"I am sure my husband is a Man in print, in all things else."
(1635.)
When, therefore, Claudio, who, as your correspondent Leges observes, is aware of
Angelo's reputation for sanctity, exclaims in astonishment:
"The prenzie Angelo?"
he means the same as if he had said:
"What! that Man in print?"
"The printsy Angelo?"
But prenzie is a term applied to apparel as well us to character; and how does this accord
with the interpretation here given?
"O 'tis the cunning livery of hell,
The damned'st body to invest and cover
In prenzie guards!"
Here again we are supplied by Steevens with apt quotations in illustration from other
writers of the same age:

"Next, your Ruff must stand in print." (1602.)
and
"This Doublet sits in print, my Lord!" (1612.)
"In printsy guards" means the same, therefore, as "Guards in print," or, robes put
on "with exactness—with the utmost nicety."
Printsy is a word of the same formation with tricksy; and the phrase, "The printsy
Angelo!" is as good English as "My tricksy Ariel!" It was probably pronounced prentsy
(prenzie) in the time of Shakspeare; the word print being derived from empreinte. Sir W.
Scott speaks of "a prent book," for a printed book. Besprent is the participle of besprinkle.
Of similar formation with printsy and tricksy, are linsy, woolsy, and frowsy; but as all these
adjectives, except the first, are derived from nouns representing natural or familiar things,
while printsy is founded on a word having no connexion with any obvious idea, it is
probable that this difference may account for the fact that printsy so early fell into disuse,
while the rest were retained without difficulty.
By the word printsy, those four conditions are fulfilled for which your correspondent so
properly contends:—1. the word is "suitable to the reputed character of Angelo." 2. It is "an
appropriate epithet to the word guards." 3. It supplies "the proper metre in both places." 4.
It is "similar in appearance to the word prenzie."
No other word has been produced which so fully represents the formality and hypocrisy
of Angelo, as described in the quotations so conveniently brought into one view by your
correspondent, though one of the epithets made use of comes very near the mark: "Lord
Angelo is precise!"
John Taylor.

ZACHARIE BOYD.
(Vol. i., pp. 298. 372. 406.)
I would refer your correspondents H. B., H. I. (p. 372.), and Philobodius and Mr. Jerdan
(p. 406.), to the following volumes: The Last Battle of the Soule in Death, by Mr. Zacharie
Boyd, Preacher of God's Word in Glasgow, edited by Gabriel Neil, Glasgow, 1831; McUre's
History of Glasgow, with Appendix, Glasgow, 1830.
As the first of these vols. is now very scarce (a limited number being printed by
subscription), the following extracts may be interesting to some of your readers, and at the
same time correct some errors of our correspondents:—
"Mr. Zacharie Boyd was descended from the family of the Boyds of Pinkill
(Carrick, Ayrshire). He was cousin to Mr. Robert Boyd, of Trochrigg, who was
appointed Principal of the University of Glasgow in 1615. The date of his birth is
not exactly known; some time previous to 1590. He received his education at the
school of Kilmarnock. The first notice we have of him is in a letter to Principal

Boyd, from David Boyd, in 1605, wherein he says, 'There is a friend of yours,
Zacharie Boyd, who will pass his course at the colledge within two years.' After
having finished his course at the University of Glasgow, he studied at the College
of Saumur, in France, under his relation, Robert Boyd: he returned to his native
county in 1621. In 1623 he was ordained Minister of the Barony Parish of
Glasgow, in which situation he continued till his death in 1653-1654."
Mr. Zacharie Boyd was never Principal or a Professor in Glasgow College: the only
office he ever held in the college was that of Lord Rector (an honorary office annually
elected), which he held in the years 1634, 1635, 1645. He was a great benefactor to the
college, to which he left 20,000l. Scots, for buildings and bursaries.
The crypt below Glasgow Cathedral, called St. Mungo's Crypt, was the barony church in
Zacharie's time, and where he preached; it is this same place which Sir Walter Scott so well
describes in Rob Roy (vol. ii. chap. 3., edition in 48 vols.), where Francis Osbaldistone
heard sermon. Z. Boyd was, both in prose and verse, a very voluminous writer; his works,
however, are chiefly in MS. in the library of Glasgow College.
In addition to editing The Last Battle, Mr. Neil has examined the "Poetical Works" in
MS.; and has given a summary of the whole in the Appendix to the Biographical Sketch;
and has printed for the first time upwards of 3000 lines from the poetical MSS.
With regard to Mr. Boyd's poetry, the following account from Neil's Biographical Sketch
may be accounted satisfactory, with reference to the lines often quoted as from Zacharie
Boyd's Bible:
"The work, however, which has given the greatest public notoriety to his name as
a poetical writer, is that generally called 'Zacharie Boyd's Bible,' said to be a
metrical version of the whole Scriptures—an arduous task indeed, if ever he
contemplated the undertaking. But such a book as this has existed only in name,
not in reality; at least, it is nowhere to be found among his works. The only one
approaching to it is a metrical version of the 'Four Evangels,' which proceeds
through the Gospels of the New Testament by chapter and verse.... And, among
other works, he produced two volumes under the title of 'Zion's Flowers,' and it is
these which are usually shown as his Bible, and have received that designation.
These volumes consist of a collection of Poems from select subjects in Scripture
History, such as Jonah, Jephtha, David and Goliath, &c., &c., rendered into the
dramatic form, in which various 'Speakers' are introduced, and where the
prominent parts of the Scripture narrative are brought forward and amplified. We
have a pretty close parallel to these in the 'Ancient Mysteries' of the thirteenth or
fourteenth centuries, and in the Sacred Dramas of more modern writers.
"It is from this work, Zion's Flowers, that the various quotations which have
occasioned so much mirth to the public are said to have been made, but not one of
these which are in circulation are to be found there: the only 'genuine extract from
these MSS. is that printed by Pennant.'"—Biog. Sketch, p. 14. et seq.
The "genuine extract" will be found in Pennant's Tour in Scotland, vol. ii. p. 156.

Philobodius, "Notes and Queries," Vol. i., p. 406., will find the four lines he quotes
given differently there.
S. Wmson.

P.S. To show the extent of Mr. Boyd's poetical perseverance, I subjoin a note of the
contents of one of his poetical MSS.:—the Flowers of Zion, generally called Zacharie
Boyd's Bible.
David and Goliath contains about 850 lines.
Historie of Jonah 1130 "
—— of Samson 2100 "
—— of Jephtha 720 "
The Flood of Noah 860 "
The Tower of Babylon 930 "
The Destruction of Sodom 2000 "
Abram commanded to sacrifice Isaac 840 "
Historie of the Baptist 800 "
The Fall of Adam 900 "
Abel murdered 900 "
Pharaoh's Tyranny and Death 2480 "
Historie of Jacob and Esau 750 "
—— of Jacob and Laban 1400 "
Jacob and Esau reconciled 720 "
Dinah ravished by Shechem 440 "
Joseph and his Brethren } 1615 "
Joseph tempted to Adultery
Nebuchadnezzar's Fierie Furnace 3280 "

Also at the end—
The World's Vanities (Divided into 8 Branches:—1st. Strength, 2nd.
Honour, 3rd. Riches, 4th. Beautie, 5th. Pleasure, 6th. Wisdom,
7th. Children, 8th. Long Life) contains about 550 lines.
The Popish Powder Plot (The Speakers—Christ—King James—
Elizabeth—Peeres of England—The Lords appointed to trye
the Traitors—The Earls of Nottingham, Suffolke, the Lord
Monteagle—The Sherriffe of Worcester—The Devill—the
Jesuit Gerrard—Robert Catesby—Thomas Percy, Guy Faux,
&c. &c. &c.) contains about 1560 lines.

Replies to Minor Queries.
Death, how symbolised (Vol. iii., p. 450.).

—I beg to inform your correspondent S. T. D., that in an old 4to. volume in my
possession, which treats principally of the topic about which he is inquiring, there are
several engravings of Death as a skeleton. In one he is armed with a bow and arrow, an axe,
and a scythe notched as a saw. In another he has an axe only: while in a third, in which he is
announcing his dissolution to a man on his deathbed, he has a spade in his left hand, while
with his right he points upwards; and on his head is a wreath of thorns with flowers

standing up out of it. I do not know whether the book is a rare one or not. It is in black
letter, and at the end is the date 1515. The title, which is a woodcut, rather curious, is—
Sermones Johannis Geilerii Keiserspergii, &c., &c. There are also six other woodcuts, after
the manner of Albert Durer, very quaint and curious. The volume is in its original vellum,
over oak boards, finely tooled, and has once been bound at the corners and clasped with
metal. In MS. on the top of the title are the words "Monast. S. Udalrici Augæ." Though in
very good condition, the black-letter type is so curiously crabbed and abbreviated that I
have not had time to do more than ascertain that it seems a very singular and a learned
work.
H. C. H.

Rectory, Hereford, June 8. 1851.

[The author of the curious work in the possession of our correspondent is John
Geiler, called also Gayler, Keiserspergius, an eminent Swiss divine, who was born
in 1445, and died in 1510. His works in German and Latin are books of rare
occurrence, and consist principally of Sermons. Oberlin published in 1786 a
curious life of Geiler. For the titles of his various works, consult Panzer's Annales
Typographici, vol. vi.]
Death (Vol. iii., p. 450.).—Has S. T. D. consulted the excellent treatise of Lessing, "Wie
die Alten den Tod gebildet?" It is illustrated with many engravings. (See Lessing's
Sämmtliche Schriften, 1839, vol. viii.)
C. P. Ph***.

Oxford, Whit-Monday.

A Kemble Pipe (Vol. iii., p. 425.).

—If Dr. Rimbault will turn to vol. i., p. 10. of Campbell's Life of Mrs. Siddons, he will
find that the Kemble of smoking notoriety alluded to in the proverb, met his fate at a date
long subsequent to the Marian persecution. He was apprehended on a charge of implication
in Titus Oates's plot, and executed at Hereford, August 2d, 1679, being one of the last
persons who suffered death for their religious opinions in England. He was hung, not burnt,
and his hand is still preserved in the Reliquary of the Roman Catholic Chapel at Worcester.
"On his way to execution," says Mr. Campbell,
"He smoked his pipe and conversed with his friends; and in that county it was long usual
to call the last pipe that was smoked in a social company, a Kemble's pipe."
Speriend.

Flemish Work on the Order of St. Franciscus (Vol. i., p. 385.).

—Your correspondent Jarltzberg may find a copy of the Wyngaert in the library of the
Maatschappij van Letterkunde (Lit. Soc.) in Leyden, and may read an account of the work
in vol. ii. pp. 151, 152. of the Society's Transactions. The copy in my possession is entitled
Den Wyngaert van Sinte Franciscus vol [not van] schoone historien, legenden en

deuchdelycke leeringhen allen menschen seer profytelyck. Like most of the works issued
from the press of Eckert van Hombach, it is well printed on good paper; the leaves (not the
pages) are numbered up to 418, and besides there are six leaves without pagination for the
index, as well as three for the prologue, in which we learn why the work was called
Wyngaert. All the copies I have met with bear the date 1518, though in Hultman's
Catalogue, p. 20. No. 92., we find 1578, probably an error of the printer. In J. Koning's
Catalogue, 1833, p. 17. No. 59., we are referred to Bauer, Bibl. libr. rar., vol. iv. p. 301.;
and to the Catalogue raisonné de Crevenna, vol. v. p. 85., where we read:
"Ce volume contient les vies des Saints de l'ordre de St. Franciscus, précédées de celle de
son instituteur, et n'est point une traduction du Livre des Conformités (Liber
Conformitatum), quoiqu'il est probable qu'on ait pris beaucoup de ce livre."
Van Bleyswijk, in his Description of Delft, vol. i. p. 339., says,—
"The Franciscans bought up the work, in order to suppress and destroy it: it is
therefore no wonder that copies of it are scarce."
Unless you read it, says Professor Ackersdijck, in his Archief voor Kerk. Gesch., you will
hardly conceive it possible for any one to write such a mass of folly and absurdity.
V. D. N.

Navorscher, p. 179. June, 1851.

Meaning of Tick (Vol. iii., p. 357.).

—The following anecdote, as characteristic of the individual as illustrative of the above
Query, may perhaps be considered deserving a corner in your Journal:—
"A well-meaning friend calling one morning on Richard B. Sheridan, wound up a rather
prosy exordium on the propriety of domestic economy, by expressing a hope, that the
pressure of some difficulties from which he had been temporarily removed, would induce a
more cautious arrangement in future.
"Sheridan listened with great gravity, and thanking his visitor, assured him that he never
felt so happy, as all his affairs were now proceeding with the regularity of clockwork,
adding (with a roguish twinkle of the eye, and giving his arm the oscillating motion of a
pendulum), 'Tick, tick, tick!' It is needless to add, the Mentor took a hasty leave of his witty
but incorrigible companion."
M. W. B.

Spelling of Britannia, &c. (Vol. iii., pp. 275. 463.).

—I believe that there is no mistake as supposed in the inscription on the Geo. III.
shilling. The double "t" is expressive of the plural "Britt." for "Britanniarum". Have we not
many similar instances, e. g. "codd." for "codices," "libb." for "libri;" or, one of every-day
occurrence, "pp." for "pages?"
W. M. N.

Fossil Elk of Ireland (Vol. ii., p. 494.; Vol. iii., pp. 26. 121. 212.).

—W. R. C. (a Subscriber) will find some very interesting accounts of this creature in
Boate and Molyneux's Natural History of Ireland, p. 137.; and in an excellent paper by Dr.
Cane, in the Transactions of the Kilkenny Archæological Society for the Year 1850, where
several works containing accounts of the animal are referred to. An interesting memoir by
Dr. Hibbert on the discovery of the Megaceros Hibernicus, or fossil elk, in the Isle of Man,
will be found in the fifth number of the Edinburgh Journal of Science, published in 1826.[1]
[1]
Errata.—Query, should not the word "Rochenon," in Vol. i.,
p. 380. col. 1., be "Rosbercon?" and should not "D. H.
M‛Carthy," in Vol. ii., p. 348. col. 1., be "D. F. M‛Carthy"
(Denis Florence M‛Carthy)? Such errors, however trifling they
may now appear, may hereafter confuse.
R. H.

"In Time the Bull," &c. (Vol. iii., p. 388.).

—The quotation—
"In time the bull is brought to bear the yoke,"
seems to be from Ovid, Tristia, iv. 6. 1.:
"Tempore ruricolæ patiens fit taurus aratri;"
or Ar. Am. i. 471.:
"Tempore difficiles veniunt ad aratra juvenci."
P. J. F. G.

Cambridge, May 22. 1851.

[N. B., E. C. H., and several other correspondents, have furnished similar
references to Ovid.]

Baldrock (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 435.).

—Mr. Chadwick's quotations on this word are very opportune, and useful by way of
illustration, and for elucidating the meaning of the word.
I will endeavour to explain this part of bell gear, and the purpose for which it was used.
Baldrock (sic) is probably the patois of a locality for bawdrick, which means a belt, or
the leather strap and other appurtenances of the upper part of the clapper, by which it was
suspended from the crown staple. In old black-letter bells (if one may use the term) the
upper part of the clapper was shaped like a stirrup, through which a strap of stout leather,
often doubled, was passed; but between this and the staple a piece of hard wood of like
width was inserted, and fitted to work on the round part of the crown staple. Through this
leather and wood an iron pin was passed; and all was fastened together, and kept stiff in
place, by a curiously cut piece of tough wood, called a busk-board, one end of which was

tied round the stem of the clapper. I have seen many such. There was one at Swanswich
next Bath: but without a sketch it is difficult to explain. I will enclose a sketch, to be used at
the Editor's discretion.
A few years ago, I made the following extracts from the very interesting accounts of the
churchwardens (guardians) of St. Edmund's, Sarum. I have no doubt that similar entries
may be found in all such old accounts, and I hope these may induce other gentlemen to
inquire for them. Unfortunately I did not copy the sums paid.
"1591. Layd out for a Bawdrope for the Great Bell, 5s. For grafting of
Bawdropes & finding Leather. Making of a 'pinn' for the fourth
Bell Bawdrope.
1588. Paide for Lether to mend the Bawdricke.
1572. Payd for a Bald Rybbe for the fourth Bell.
(It occurs again for other bells.)
1552. Mendinge off the Bawdrycke off the greatt Bell.
1541. Payd for mendynge the wheles of the 3 Bells, and for Bawdrykes.
1524. Bawdderyke to the v. Bell.
1495. [Pro] emendacione rote ejusdem Campane et [pro] Bawdryke
ejusdem Campane.
1482. [Pro] tribus Bawdrykys.
1473. Bawdryke bought for the iiij Belle.
1469. Bawderyke. Whyt Lethyr for the Bawdryke in the years of Ed.
VI."
H. T. Ellacombe.

In a decree of the Court of Chancery of the year 1583 is the following passage:
"It is alleged that a certain close ... in the parish of Smarden, in the County of
Kent, now called and known by the name of Ropefield, was, long time sithence,
given by one John of Hampden, to and for the maintenance and finding of ropes,
bawdricks, oil, and leather, for the use of ringing of the bells in the steeple of the
said parish church of Smarden, &c., &c." James v. Woolton, 6 May, 1583. (Reg.
Lib. B. 1582. fo. 502.)
Not understanding the word "bawdrick," I applied to Messrs. Mears, bell-founders,
Whitechapel, who kindly gave me the following information:
"The bawdrick is the head of the clapper, or the coupling by which it hangs on the staple
inserted in the crown of the bell. It is fitted on to the head of the clapper, and a lining of
leather is inserted to prevent the creaking of the iron, when the end of the clapper is
oscillating. Hence, no doubt, the introduction of 'leather' in the document referred to. The
word is still in use."
Cecil Monro.

Registrar's Office, Court of Chancery, June 14. 1851.

The baldrick was a leather thong, or strap, fastened with a buckle, for the purpose of
suspending the clapper inside the bell, both of which had loops or eyes to receive it; from
its continual wear, new baldricks were often required. I subjoin a few extracts from the
parish accounts of St. Antlins, or St. Anthony, Budge Row, relating thereto.
1590. "Paide the smythe for making a new clapper for the great bell, xs.
"Paide for a bawdrick for the great bell, iis. vid.
"Paide for a buckell for the same, vid.
"Paide for a baldrick for the fift bell, is. viiid.
1594. "Paide for a new bawdricke for one of the bells the Crownacion
daie, iis.
1578. "Paide for an eie for the great bell clapper, vis.
"Item for a rope for the morning bell, ijs. vid."
I could adduce several other instances if required, but these may
suffice.
W. Chaffers, Jun.

Catalogue of Norman Nobility (Vol. iii., p. 266.).

—Your correspondent Q. G. asked some weeks ago where the catalogue of Norman
nobility before the Conquest was to be found? In the Historiæ Normannorum, published in
Paris in 1619, at p. 1127., he will find the
"Catalogus nobilium qui immediate prædia a Rege conquæstore tenuerunt."
In this list occurs the name of Geri (Rogerius) de Loges, whose lordship was in the
district of Coutances. At p. 1039. of the same work, we find that Guarinus de Logis was
feudal lord of certain domains in the bailiwick of Falaise. In a roll of all the Norman nobles,
knights, and esquires who went to the conquest of Jerusalem with Robert Duke of
Normandy in the first crusade, and copied from an ancient MS. written on vellum, found in
the library of the cathedral of Bayeux, entitled "Les anciennes histoires d'outremer," we also
find the name of John de Logis, who bore az. a cinque foile ar.
I think, therefore, that M. J. T. (p. 189.) is in error in confounding the family of Ordardus
de Logis with that of the Baron of Hugh Lupus. The names of the Norman nobles were
territorial; and it is probable that these worthies were not related, as the names were spelt
differently. According to the Doomsday Survey, Gunuld, the widow of Geri de Loges, held
the manor of Guiting Power in Gloucestershire.
The elder line of Ordardus de Logis, Baron of Wigton, terminated in an heiress, who
carried the estate into the family of Lucy (I think in the reign of Edward III.), Adam, the
seventh and last baron, having died without male issue; and it afterwards became the
property, by marriage, of the ancestor of the present Earl of Carlisle. The descendants of
Ordardus are still to be found in the remote valleys of the north of Yorkshire, and in parts of
Durham: and I have been told that the Rev. John Lodge, late Fellow of Magdalen College,
Cambridge, claimed to be of this family.

S.

Oxford, June 13. 1851.

Epitaph (Vol. iii., pp. 242. 339.).

—I have before me a 24mo. tract of forty-seven pages:
"Nicolai Barnaudi a Crista Arnaudi Delphinatis, Philosophi et Medici,
Commentariolum in Ænigmaticum quoddam epitaphium Bononiæ studiorum, ante
multa secula marmoreo lapidi insculptum. Huic additi sunt Processus Chæmici
non pauci. Nihil sine Numine, Lugduni, Batavorum, ciɔiɔiiiɔ."
The first thirty pages are devoted to the epitaph on Ælia Lælia Crispus. We are told:—
"Nec defuerunt alii, qui, ut audio, Animam hominis, alii nubium Aquam, alii, ut
hic intellexi a viro de litteris bene merito, Eunuchum quemdam, alii alia varia, hoc
epitaphio tractari phantasmata suis scriptis contenderunt. Hæc ego cum
intellexissem, eorum misertus, qui abditioris philosophiæ in castris militant, operæ
pretium facturum me existimavi, si trismegisticum hoc epitaphium eis aperire
conarer."
This he proceeds to do very satisfactorily, as the following specimen will show:—
"Ælia. Solaris, dubio procul, ut nomen indicat, sive solis filia, immo substantia,
essentia, radius, virtus, et illa quidem invisibilis solis nostri, ne quis eam a sole
vulgi natam, perperam cogitet; neque tamen desunt, qui eam ex Urani et Vestæ
filio, Saturno, et Ope ejus sorore, a qua cum plures Saturnus suscepisset liberos,
eosque vorasset, et e vestigio evomuisset, Jupiter servatus, ejusque loco lapis
Saturno presentatus fuit, ac si cum peperisset Opis, ab ipsis inquam, eam natam
esse cogitent; at quidquid sit, Ælia, seu solaris est, neque tamen (tanta est ejus
amplitudo), astro illo, mundi oculo amicta incedit; sed et altero, minore luminari,
Luna, quæ sub pedibus ejus est comitata, ideo etiam dicitur Lælia, quasi solis
amica, etc., etc."
On a fly-leaf I find the following written by an unknown hand:
"Commentarios in hoc epitaphium scripserunt Joannes Trevius Brugensis, et
Richardus vitus Basinstochius, jurisconsultus Anglus cujus liber editus Durdrecti
apud J. van Leonem Berawoul, Anno 1618. Vid. et de hoc enigmate Boxhorn."
If Mr. Crossley does not make this note wholly superfluous, make use of it as you
please.
J. S.

Woudenberg, May 12. 1851.

Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots (Vol. iii., p. 369.).

—The following version of this prayer, differing from that given by Mr. Falconer, may
be interesting.
In Archdeacon Bonney's Historic Notices in reference to Fotheringay, p. 109., this note
occurs:
"Seward asserts that the following lines were repeated by the Queen of Scots
immediately before her execution. They are set to music by the late Dr.
Harrington, of Bath, and other musicians.
"'O Domine Deus, speravi in Te!
O chare mi Jesus, nunc libera me!
In dura catena, in misera poena, desidero Te;
Languendo, gemendo, et genuflectendo,
Adoro, imploro, ut liberes me.'
TRANSLATION.
'O Lord my God, I have relied in Thee!
Now, O dear Jesu, set me, set me free!
In chains, in pains, long have I wished for Thee;
Faint, and with groans, I, bowing on my knee,
Adore, implore Thee, Lord, to set me free.'"
I may add, that the Latin lines have recently been very beautifully set to music by that
eminent composer, Mrs. Kingston.
W. G. M.

Your correspondent on the subject of the lines said to have been repeated by Mary Queen
of Scots on the scaffold, furnishes a translation of them in lieu of others, which he
condemns; and his version has provoked me to try my hand at one, in which I have studied
rhythm more than rhyme: the rhythm and the intensity of the ordinal.
"Great God, I have trusted
In peril on Thee!
Dear Jesus, Redeemer,
Deliver thou me!
In my prison-house groaning,
I long but for Thee;
Languishing, moaning,
Bow'd down on bent knee,
I adore Thee, implore Thee,
From my sins set me free."
Alan.

Aristophanes on the Modern Stage (Vol. iii., pp. 105. 250.).

—Finding that no correspondent of yours, in answer to a Query which appeared some
time back, viz.: "Whether any play of Aristophanes had ever been adapted to the modern
stage," has yet mentioned the only two instances of which I am aware, I beg to refer the
Querist to the Plaideurs of Racine (an adaptation of the Wasps), and to a very ingenious
modernisation of the Birds by Mr. Planché, produced about four years since at the
Haymarket as an Easter piece, under its original title.
I cannot refrain from taking this opportunity of protesting, under your justly powerful
auspices, against the use of the word "Exposition" in its French sense of Exhibition, now
creeping into places where it could scarcely have been expected.
Avena.

The White Rose (Vol. iii., p. 407.).

—The version which I have of the beautiful lines quoted by your correspondent is (I
quote from memory):
"If this fair rose offend thy sight
It on thy bosom wear,
'Twill blush to find itself less white,
And turn Lancastrian there."
The succeeding couplet has equal merit:
"But if thy ruby lip it spy
As kiss it thou mayst deign,
With envy pale 'twill lose its dye,
And Yorkist turn again."
C. I. R.

The origin of the blush imparted to the rose is most beautifully described by Carey:
"As erst in Eden's blissful bowers
Young Eve surveyed her countless flowers,
An opening rose of poorest white
She marked with eye that beamed delight;
Its leaves she kissed, and straight it drew
From Beauty's lip the vermeil hue."
J. A. Douglas.

Mark for a Dollar (Vol. iii., p. 449.).

—The origin of the sign of the dollar, concerning which T. C. inquires, is, I believe, a
contraction of scutum, the same as £, formerly written £i, is of libra. The strokes through
the S are merely the signs of contraction.
K. P. D. E.

Gillingham (Vol. iii., p. 448.).

—In a foot-note to Rapin (2nd edit., vol. i. p. 130.), the general assembly convened by
Earl Goodwin, at which Edward the Confessor was chosen king, is stated, upon the same
authority as Hutchins has referred to (viz. Malmsbury), to have been "Gilingeham or
London." If at Gillingham, there can be but little doubt it was Gillingham near Chatham, of
which latter place Goodwin is stated to have been then possessed.
J. B. Colman.

Eye, June 10, 1851.

The share that Earl Godwin bore in the establishment of King Edward (the Confessor) on
the throne of England seems to make it probable that Gillingham in Kent, not the
Gillingham in Dorsetshire, was the scene of the council referred to by your correspondent
Quidam. Edward, observe, was coming from the continent, and relied entirely on the
support of the great East Kentish Earl. Milton names the council in his History of England,
Works, vol. vi. p. 275., Pickering, ed. 1831. He seems to be still quoting Malmsbury.
E. J. E.

Blackheath, June 9. 1851.

On the Lay of the Last Minstrel, &c. (Vol. iii., p. 364.).

—In reading A Borderer's interesting note on The Lay of the Last Minstrel, it occurred to
me, whether there may not have been (perhaps unconsciously) in Walter Scott's mind a link
of connexion betwixt his own "elvish page," as an agent in bringing about the nuptials of
Lord Cranstoun with the Lady Margaret; and the part played by Cupid, in regard to Dido,
after he had been transformed into Ascanius, as described in the first Æneid. Indeed the
beautiful "Song of Robin Goodfellow" (Vol. iii., p. 403) suggests a similar speculation; for
in the gambols of Puck there is something analogous to the freaks of Cupid after his
metamorphose. But other and closer parallels will probably occur to your learned readers,
and show that some of what are commonly esteemed the most original modern creations
owe much to classical invention.
Alfred Gatty.

Lines on Temple (Vol. iii., p. 450.).

—J. S. will find the lines he asks about, given (but without comment) in Knight's
Cyclopædia of London, p. 440.
P. M. M.

J. S. will find the lines he has sent you printed in Hone's Year Book (1832), p 113.; where
may be also seen the following

ANSWER.

"Deluded men, these holds forego,
Nor trust such cunning elves;
These artful emblems tend to show
Their clients, not themselves.

'Tis all a trick, these are but shams,
By which they mean to cheat you;
For have a care, you are the lambs,
And they the wolves that eat you.

Nor let the thought of no 'delay'
To these their courts misguide you;
You are the showy horse, and they
Are jockeys that will ride you."
Hone does not give a hint as who was the author of either, nor can I inform J. S.
Edward Foss.

[The Rev. Mackenzie Walcott has also kindly informed us that the original lines
and the rejoinder are to be found in Brayley's Londiniana, vol. iv. pp. 216-7.]

Sewell, Meaning of (Vol. iii., pp. 391. 482.).

—H. C. K. makes an error in supposing that "formido," as used by Virgil in the passage
quoted, and "sewell," are convertible terms. If there is any word in that passage which could
be considered coextensive in meaning with the word "sewell," it would undoubtedly be
"penna." Nor is "sewell" a modern term, as he supposes; in proof of which I add an extract
from a letter written by Dr. Layton, one of the commissioners for the suppression of
monasteries, to Thomas Cromwell, dated 1535, in which the word "sewel" occurs:
"We have sett Dunce (Duns Scotus) in Bocardo, and have utterly banisshede hym
Oxforde for ever, with all his blinde glosses, and is nowe made a comon servant to
evere man, faste nailede up upon postes in all comon houses of easement: id quod
oculis meis vidi. And the second tyme we came to New Colege, affter we hade
declarede your injunctions, we fownde all the gret quadrant court full of the leiffes
of Dunce, the wynde blowing them into evere corner. And there we fownde one
Mr. Grenefelde, a gentilman of Buckinghamshire, getheryng up part of the said
bowke leiffes (as he saide) therewith to make hym sewelles or blawnsherres to
kepe the dere within the woode, thereby to have the better cry with his howndes."
H. C. K. wishes to know the origin of the word "sewell." Can any of your readers explain
the derivation of the term "blawnsherres?" Can it be connected with the French blanche,
from white parchment, &c. having been used in making them?
E. A. H. L.

Lambert Simnel (Vol. iii., p. 390.).

—Though I cannot throw any light upon the question of T., Was this his real name? I
may mention, as a Worcestershire man, that it is a custom among the pastrycooks of
Worcester to make, at the beginning of Lent, a rich sort of cake; consisting of a thick crust
of saffron-bread filled with currants, citron, and all the usual ingredients of wedding-cake,
which is called a "simnel." I cannot say how long this custom has existed, but I have every
reason to believe it is one of great antiquity. From Johnson's explanation of the term, I
conclude, that this practice of making "simnels" must in former times have been more
general than it is at present.
E. A. H. L.

Tennyson's "In Memoriam" (Vol. iii., pp. 142. 227. 458.).

—I submit that the "crimson-circled star" may be named without calling on the poet to
explain.
The planet Venus, when she is to the east of the sun, is our evening star (and as such used
to be termed Hesperus by the ancients).
The evening star in a summer twilight is seen surrounded with the glow of sunset,
"crimson-circled." The rose, too, was a flower sacred to Venus, which might justify the
epithet. But I suppose the blush of the sky was what the poet thought of at such a moment.
Venus sinking into the sea, which in setting she would appear to do,—falls into the grave
of Uranus,—her father, according to the theory of Hesiod (190). The part cast into the sea,
from which Aphrodite sprung, is here taken, by a becoming license (which softens the
grossness of the old tradition), for the whole; so that the ocean, beneath the horizon of
which the evening star sinks, may be well described by the poet as "her father's grave."
That Venus is meant, the gender of the pronoun relating to the star seems to prove
beyond a doubt; there being no other sufficiently important to occur in a picture of this
kind, to which a female name is given.
V.

Belgravia, June 12. 1851.

The second King of Nineveh who burned his Palace (Vol. iii., p. 408).

—D. X. will find all that is known of this king in the Armenian version of Eusebius's
Chronicle, 53., and in the Chronographia of Georgius, Syncellus (and subsequently
Patriarch) of Constantinople, p. 210. b. The former gives as his authority Abydenus, and the
latter Polyhistor. Both passages will be found in Cory's Ancient Fragments. The Median
king is called in both Astyages, and not Cyaxares; but the date of the catastrophe being
fixed by Ptolemy's Canon in 625 b. c., the reviewer, I suppose, considered himself justified
in altering the name to that of the king who appears from Herodotus to have governed
Media at that date.
E. H. D. D.

Legend in Frettenham Church (Vol. iii., p. 407.).

—Your correspondent C. J. E. may find some account of the legend illustrated on the
walls of Frettenham Church in the Calendar of the Anglo-Catholic Church, from which it
appears that St. Eligius, Eloy, or Loye, is the hero of the incident. He was the patron of
blacksmiths, farriers, &c.; and accomplished, on one occasion, the shoeing of a refractory
horse by amputating the leg; and the operation performed, he replaced the severed member.
Doubtless, as C. J. E. suggests, the shoeing might have been effected without so much
periphrasis; but perhaps the saint intended to teach the animal docility, and inspire the
spectators with a more palpable proof of his supernatural powers, than the performance of
the operation by his mere ipse dixit would have afforded. The church of Durweston,
Dorsetshire, is named in his honour, and a rude sculpture over the doorway commemorates
the incident.
C. A.

Natural Daughter of James II. (Vol. iii., pp. 224. 249. 280.).

—When the answer of C. to my inquiry first appeared, I doubted whether after such
strong reproof I ought again to address you; but as your valuable paper was intended for the
ignorant as well as for the learned, and as C. (Vol. iii., p. 334.) places your respected
correspondent Mr. Dawson Turner in the same class as my humble self, I no longer
hesitate.
When I proposed the Query, I had no ready access to any book which would easily give
me the required information, and it did not appear to me to be any great sin in making use
of "Notes and Queries" for what I conceive is its legitimate object, the communication of
knowledge; and I do not think the space my Query occupied was wasted when it called
forth the interesting reply of P. C. S. S.
I would now take the liberty of asking C. to explain the following extract from
Souverains du Monde, not finding any particulars respecting the first marriage here alluded
to in those books to which I have been able to refer:—
"Les enfans naturals du Roi Jaques II. sont 1.... 2.... 3....
"4. Catherine Darnley, mariée en premières nôces avec Thomas Wentworth, Baron
de Raby; et en secondes nôces, en 1699, avec James, Comte d'Anglesey. Elle est
morte en 1700. Sa mère étoit Catherine Sedley, Comtesse de Dorchester, Baronne
d'Arlington.
"5. N. mariée avec le Duc de Buckingham le 27 Mars, 1706."
You will observe that my former inquiry referred to the daughter above stated as the fifth
child.
It is plain that the compiler of Les Souverains du Monde is in error in making the wife of
the Earl of Anglesey a distinct person from the wife of the Duke of Buckingham.

Who was the wife to the Thomas Wentworth here mentioned? and, if a natural daughter
of James II., I should be glad of the following particulars,—the names of her mother and
self—the dates of her birth, marriage, and death—and the date of the death of her husband.
I must apologise for trespassing thus at length upon your space.
F. B. Relton.

Clarkson's Richmond (Vol. iii., p. 372.).

—The late Mr. Clarkson's manuscripts were transferred to his son, the Rev. Christ.
Clarkson; whose address might probably be obtained by Q. D. from J. B. Simpson, Esq.,
Richmond, Yorkshire.
M.

MSS. of Sir Thomas Phillipps (Vol. iii., p. 358.).

—I see that in the "Notices to Correspondents," in No. 79., for May 3, you inform W. P.
A. that the Catalogue of Sir Thomas Phillipps's MSS. is privately printed, and that there are
copies at the Bodleian, Athenæum, and Society of Antiquaries.
You may perhaps be interested to know that a catalogue of about three thousand of the
Middlehill MSS. is to be found in a work entitled Catalogi Librorum MSSorum qui in
Bibliothecis Galliæ, Hiberniæ, Helvetiæ, Belgiæ, Britanniæ Magnæ, Hispaniæ, Lusitaniæ
asservantur: à Gustavo Haenel: Lipsiæ, 1830. A copy of this important work is in the
reading-room of the British Museum.
I may add that a copy of the privately printed Catalogue of Sir T. Phillipps's MSS. is now
to be found in the British Museum, but it has only recently (within the last few months)
made its way into the Catalogue.
C. W. Goodwin.

Meaning of Pilcher (Vol. iii., p. 476.).

—Is not our excellent correspondent MR. SINGER mistaken in supposing that the ears
are the ears of the scabbard or pitcher? If you draw one thing out of another by the ears, it
must be by the ears of the first, not of the second; yet he also says that it is used for hilts.
C. B.

Antiquity of Smoking (Vol. iii., p. 484.).

—May I add, in my defence as to the Thracians' smoking, that all I said was, that there
was nothing in Solinus, chap. 15. I had looked at the Bipont edition, in which, as I now see,
the passage is in chapter 10.
C. B.

Principle of Association (Vol. iii., p. 424.).

—I cannot but doubt whether "La partie réelle de la métaphysique" means "all that has
yet been done in the philosophy of the human mind." I apprehend it means the material, or
physical part; that which is connected with the structure of the body. This would apply to
Hartley, though not to Mr. Gay: but I speak in the dark, for I have not that edition of La
Place which your correspondent refers to.
C. B.

Corpse makes a Right of Way (Vol. iii., p. 477.).

—That a funeral creates a right of way, is an error founded on the fact that, being a
remarkable, and sometimes a crowded event, it is not an unfrequent evidence of the
previous existence of a right of way.
C. B.

Chloe (Vol. iii., p. 449.).

—In reply to a Query in one of your late numbers respecting the meaning of the
expression "as drunk as Chloe," it has been suggested to me that it refers to a lady who is
mentioned often in Prior's Poems, and who was celebrated for the propensity alluded to.
Eryx.

Family of Sir J. Banks (Vol. iii., p. 390.).

—It appears, on a reference to Burke's Commoners, that the ancestors of Sir J. Banks
were possessed of property in and about Keswick; and the present representative of the
family possesses black-lead mines in Borrowdale, Cumberland. It is, therefore, very
probable that the Mr. John Banks in question may have been of the same family, though not
a lineal descendant of Sir J. Banks.
L. H.

Verse Lyon (Vol. iii., p. 466.).

—In the literal reprint of Puttenham, 1811, I find the words extracted by J. F. M., with
one unimportant exception, "And they called it Verse Lyon." J. F. M. may find some
account of Leonine verses, which "are properly the Roman hexameters and pentameters
rhymed," in Price's edition of Warton's History of English Poetry, vol. i. p. cxviii.
H. G. T.

Heronsewes (Vol. iii., p. 450.).

—A probable derivation is given in Tyrwhitt's note on the passage in the Squire's Tale
from the French heronçeaux, which would probably, in English usage, become either
heronsewes, or heronshaws. It is of course a diminutive, like "lioncel," "pennoncel," &c.

H. G. T.

Theory of the Earth's Form (Vol. iii., p. 331.)

—Who first taught that the form of the earth was that of a sphere? In Isaiah xl. 22.
appears the following passage:
He that sitteth upon the circle of the earth and the inhabitants thereof," &c.
Does not this extract prove that the Jews, as a people, were acquainted with the spherical
form of the earth in Isaiah's time; the prophets usually addressing the people in popular
language.
C. N. S.

Mythology of the Stars (Vol. iii., pp. 70. 155.).

—In the replies to correspondents on the above head, I have not seen noticed Dr. Lamb's
translation of the old Greek poet Aratus, a work which, for a few shillings, would satisfy
most persons on the subject, and be found entertaining in giving instruction.
T. M.

Topical Memory (Vol. iii., p. 449.).

—On topical memory I can refer your inquirer to Cicero de Oratore, book ii. lxxxvi.,
lxxxvii., §351-358., and Ad Herenn. iii. xvi.-xx., and Quintil. xi. ii. 2., p. 431. Rollin, ed.
1758.
E. J. S.

Eisell (Vol. iii., p. 397.).

—The following illustration of this word occurs in a MS. (Dd. i. fol. 7.) belonging to the
University of Cambridge. The date is about 1350:
"þe iewis herde þis word wel alle,
And anon eysel þei mengid wiþ galle."
It is here manifestly = vinegar.
C. H.

Eisell.—I have long been convinced that the true interpretation of this word might be
attained by a reference to the Welsh language; in which may be found the word Aesell
(idem sonans with Eisell), implying verjuice, or vinegar. The two words are clearly
identical (see page 377.).
Gomer.

Four Want Way (Vol. iii., pp. 168. 434.).

—A cross road, or that point where four roads meet, is frequently called by the peasantry
in Kent "the four vents" in other counties, "the four wents," "the four want way," &c. I have
always considered the word as being derived from the ancient venta: thus venta icenorum
(Caister, near Norwich), the highway of the Iceni; venta silurum (Caerwent, in
Monmouthshire), the highway of the Silures; venta belgarum (Winchester), the highway of
the Belgæ; both of which last-named cities retain in some degree the ancient appellation.
W. Chaffers, Jun.

Meaning of Carfoix (Vol. iii., p. 469.).

—Will your correspondent K. Th. give, if he can, an account of the word "carfoix?" Is it
not the French carrefour, a name applied to more than one place in Guernsey, though not, I
believe, necessarily to a spot where four ways meet? The chief carrefour there is at the
junction of the Pollet, High Street and Smith Street; another is in the country, the Carrefour
aux Lievres, the precise locality of which I cannot quite recall. Mr. Metivier, whose name I
am glad to see in your pages, can tell, I dare say, of others. I suppose the derivation to be in
Quatuor fores, or some French derivative from those words. "Carfoix" reminds me of
"Carfax" in Oxford. Are the names akin to each other?
E. J. S.

A regular Mull (Vol. iii., p. 449.).

—The story of King Mûl is perhaps rather far-fetched. If it would neither put your
correspondent in a stew, nor get myself into a broil, nor you into a mess or a pickle, I would
settle his hash by suggesting that terms of cookery are frequently used as descriptive of
disagreeable predicaments; and that though in our time nothing except beer or wine is
mulled, yet it may not always have been so. Or may not the word be a corruption of
muddle? I stand up for neither, but I will back either against King Mûl.
M.

William Hone (Vol. iii., p. 477.).

—I expect that A. N. is labouring under a mistake in inquiring about an account of the
"conversion" of "William Hone, The Compiler of the Every-day Book;" and that he means
"The Early Life and Conversion of William Hone, a narrative written by himself,
edited by his son, William Hone, author of the Every-day Book, &c. London, J.
Ward & Co., Paternoster Row, 1841. One Shilling."
I have no doubt that the work may be procured at the publishers'; but should not that be
practicable, I shall be happy to lend your correspondent my copy. It may perhaps be neither
unjust nor uninteresting to add, that I know (from his own communication, shortly after the
memorable trials) he was so affected by the celebrated Parodies being charged as
"blasphemous," that he immediately stopped the sale of them; that, though money was then
of some consequence to him, he refused tempting offers for copies; and that he did so,

because he declared he would rather suffer any privations than be considered as having
sought to revile the religion of his country, or to do aught to injure Christianity, which he
deemed to be the hope of all, and the poor man's charter. In making those observations, he
emphatically placed his hand on a Bible which lay upon my table.
A Hermit at Hampstead.

The Rev. Mr. Gay (Vol. iii., p. 424.)

—The name of Gay is not very common in the West of England, and Mr. Tagart may
possibly obtain some account of the Rev. Mr. Gay from the descendants of Gay of
Goldworthy, near Bideford, in the county of Devon, who sprang from Hampton Gay in the
county of Oxford, but became seised of the manor of Goldworthy, about the year 1420, by
marriage with the daughter and heir of Curtis of Goldworthy, a branch of the ancient family
of Curtis of Lostwithiel, in the county of Cornwall.
The latest representative of this family of Gay, of whom I have met with any notice, is
Mr. Lawrence Gay, who, according to Lyson, was living in the year 1822 at South Molton,
in the county of Devon. Lyson also says that "John Gay, the poet, was of this family."
Llewellyn.

Lady Mary Cavendish (Vol. iii., p. 477.)

—I know nothing of any Lady Mary's having married Mr. Maudsley, or Mosley of the
Guards; but it is certain that she could not have been, strictly speaking, of the same family
as Sir Henry Cavendish of Ireland, whose wife was created Lady Waterpark, with
remainder to her issue by Sir Henry, who was descended from a natural son of the
Devonshire family, and even, I believe, before it was ennobled; so that it cannot be said that
any Lady Mary Cavendish was of the same family as Sir Henry.
C.

Hand giving the Blessing (Vol. iii, p. 477.).

—In blessing the people, the clergy of the Church of Rome raise the thumb and two
forefingers, and close the others, to represent the three persons of the Trinity; and they give
this some divine origin; but it is really an adoption of a pagan symbol in use long before the
introduction of Christianity, not only by the Romans, but the Egyptians also. In Akerman's
Archæological Index, p. 116., is an engraving of a silver plate of Roman workmanship, in
which the figures representing Minerva and Juno have their hands elevated with the thumb
and finger so disposed, and the figure of Vesta has the left hand in the same position. I wish
some of your correspondents who are familiar with the classics and Egyptian antiquities,
would further illustrate the origin of this curious and ancient custom, which hitherto has
been regarded as originating with the Church of Rome only.
W. W.

The Oldenburg Horn (Vol. ii., pp. 417, 516.).

—There is a good engraving of this Horn, and the tradition about it is related, in p. 264,
of the curious Dissertatio de admirandis mundi Cataractis of Johannes Herbinius,
Amstelodami, 1678, of which book there is a copy in the library of the Geographical
Society.
W. C. Trevelyan.

Athenæum, June 16. 1851.

Covey (Vol. iii., p. 477.).

—How could such a question be asked? Covey is couvée, French for a brood, a hatching,
from couver, to hatch eggs.
C.

Davy Jones's Locker (Vol. iii., p. 478.).

—During many years of seafaring life, I have frequently considered the origin of this
phrase, and have now arrived at the conclusion, that it is derived from the scriptural account
of the prophet Jonah. The word locker, on board of ship, generally means the place where
any particular thing is retained or kept, as "the bread locker," "shot locker," "chain locker,"
&c. In the sublime ode in the second chapter of the Book of Jonah, we find that the Prophet,
praying for deliverance, describes his situation in the following words:
"In the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me about:—the depth closed
me round about:—the earth with her bars was about me."
The sea, then, might not be misappropriately termed by a rude mariner, Jonah's locker;
that is, the place where Jonah was kept or confined. Jonah's locker, in time, might be readily
corrupted to Jones's locker; and Davy, as a very common Welsh accompaniment of the
equally Welsh name, Jones, added; the true derivation of the phrase having been forgotten.
W. Pinkerton.

Umbrella (Vol. iii., p. 482.).

—The use of this word may be traced to an earlier period than has yet been shown by any
of your correspondents?
In Florio's Worlde of Wordes, 1598, we have it thus:—
"Ombrella, a fan, a canopie, also a testern or cloth of state for a prince, also a kind
of round fan or shadowing that they use to ride with in summer in Italy, a little
shade."
Δ.

Nao, a Ship (Vol. iii., p. 477.).

—A. N. is informed that naw is a Celtic name for a ship (the w is sometimes sounded like
oo); though the word is obsolete, authority for its application may be found in Davies'
Mythology, &c. of the Druids. In the appendix to this work there is a poem (No. 6.) by
Taliesin, containing the following example:—

"Ymsawdd yn llyn, heb naw."
"Sinking in the lake, without a ship."
The Britons consequently had a name for a ship, independent of Roman influence. Can
A. N. produce any evidence that the Britons in pre-Roman times did not possess any
vessels superior to the cwrygl? Is it probable that the warlike aid which the Britons
constantly rendered the Gauls, was conveyed across the channel in mere "osier
baskets?" Had the "water-dwellers" (Dwr-trig-wys) of Dorsetshire (Durotriges) attained
no higher grade in navigation than that simple mode of water conveyance?
I am almost inclined to exclaim, "Mi dynaf y torch a thi" ("I will pull the torque with
thee") in respect to the position claimed for the Latin longa; but passing this, I will
advance the opinion that the Celtic naw is the root of the Latin navis.
Gomer.

Birth of Spenser (Vol. i., pp. 489. 482.).

—Is not 1510 a mistake for 1550? The figures 1 and 5 are often confounded in
manuscripts of Spenser's age. The mistake was probably that of the sculptor.
D. X.

Petworth Registers (Vol. iii., pp. 449. 485.).

—The period over which these Registers extend is thus shown in the Accounts and
Papers printed by order of Parliament in the year 1833, vol. xxxviii. p. 335:—
"County of Sussex.—Arundel Rape.
"Parish Register Books earlier than the new Registers commencing with a. d.
1813 (according to 52 Geo. III. c. 146.), remain at the following places:—
"Petworth R. No. I. Bap. Bur. 1559-1794, Marr. 1559-1753; No. II. Bap. Bur.
1795-1812; Nos. III.-VI., Marr. 1754-1812."
The earlier register-book used by Heylin must have been removed from the proper
custody before the year 1831. If still preserved in any public or private library it may
perhaps reward some reader of "Notes and Queries" in the next century by turning up
when unsought for. In the mean time, however, is there no official copy to be found in
the Archbishop's courts at Canterbury?
Llewellyn.

Arms of the Isle of Man (Vol. iii., p. 373.).

—The symbol of three legs conjoined no doubt denotes the triangular shapes of the
Isle of Man, and Sicily or Trinacria. The τρία ἄκρα from which the name of the latter is

derived are the promontories of Lilybæum, Pachynus, and Pelorus, now Capes S. Vito,
Passaro, and Faro (Virg. Æn. iii. 384.). It is somewhat curious that the earliest coinage
of this island, a.d. 1709 (which by the bye is cast, and not struck in the usual way: Obv.
The crest of the Earls of Derby, the Eagle and Child, sans changer; Rev. The three
legs), has the motto qvocvnqve · gesseris · stabit. The coinage of 1723 is exactly
similar, but struck; whereas that of 1733 and all the succeeding coinages have
quocunque · jeceris · stabit, which is clearly the correct reading. I may add that I am
engaged on a work on the Copper Coinage of Great Britain and her Colonies, and shall
be thankful for any information on the subject respecting rare types, their history, &c.
E. S. Taylor.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
Messrs. Longman have commenced the publication, under the title of The Traveller's
Library, of a series of shilling volumes which is intended to comprise "books of
entertaining and valuable information in a form adapted for reading while travelling,
and at the same time of a character that will render them worthy of preservation." The
1st Number contains Mr. Macaulay's brilliant sketch of 'Warren Hastings' which has
been appropriately followed by that of 'Lord Clive,' from his Historical Essays and will
be succeeded by 'The Earl of Chatham,' 'William Pitt,' 'Horace Walpole,' &c., from the
same pen; and these again by other works of acknowledged merit, the price of which
has hitherto confined them within a comparatively narrow circle of readers. The 3d
Number, 'London,' by Mr. McCulloch, belongs to this class. As a really cheap and not
merely low-priced series of valuable books, this well-printed Traveller's Library
deserves, and, we trust will meet with, every success.
At a moment like the present, when so much inquiry is directed to the subject of
public health and indeed of health generally, we may be excused for directing the
attention, of our readers to 'The Laws of Health in relation to Mind and Body, in a
Series of Letters from an Old Practitioner to a Patient,' by Lionel J. Beale, as a small
volume of useful hints and suggestions from one who obviously combines shrewd
observation and professional knowledge, with that most useful of all qualifications for a
writer on such a topic, namely, sound common sense.
Books Received.—Illustrations of Mediæval Costume in England from MSS. in
British Museum, &c., by C. A. Day and J. H. Dines, Part 3. The present number of this
very cheap work on costume contains no less than three coloured plates—curiously
illustrative of the subject, though not so strictly English as the title-page would indicate.
Hurry-graphs, by N. Parker Willis, and The House of Seven Gables, by Nathaniel
Hawthorne, form the new volumes of Bohn's Cheap Series. The former is characterised
by the usual light, off-hand style of the writer. The latter will add to the reputation
which Mr. Hawthorne has won by his 'Scarlet Letter.' They are two pleasant volumes
for the steam-boat or the railway carriage.
An Essay of the Authenticity of the Four Letters of Atticus, included in Woodfall's
Edition of Junius, by William Cramp, is an attempt, and we must add an unsuccessful
attempt, to prove that the Letters in question were written by Lord Chesterfield.

Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will be occupied during the next week in the sale of
the fifth portion of the singularly curious and valuable Library of Thomas Jolley,
Esquire, including, among other interesting autographs, Literary Assignments, Receipts
of Pope, Swift, Thomson, Fielding, &c.
Catalogues Received.—J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue of Books Old and
New; B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square) Cheap Book Circular No. 30.
of Books in all Languages.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Albert Lunel, a Novel in 3 Vols.
Dr. Adams' Sermon on the Obligation of Virtue. Any edition.
Engraved Portraits of Bishop Butler.
Retrospective Review. Vol. IV.
Dens' Theologia Moralis et Dogmatica. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832.
Marlborough Dispatches. Volumes IV. and V.
Art Journal, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.
Bulwer's Novels. 12mo. Published at 6s. per Vol. Pilgrims of the Rhine. Alice,
and Zanoni.
Stephani Thesaurus. Valpr. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX.
Kirby's Bridgewater Treatise. 2 Vols.
The Second Vol. of Chambers' Cyclopædia of English Literature.
Mitford's History of Greece, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8 Vols. Published
by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume Eight wanted.
L'Abbé de Saint Pierre, Projet de Paix Perpetuelle. 3 Vols. 12mo. Utrecht,
1713.
Aikin's Select Works of the British Poets. 10 Vols, 24mo. Published by
Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.
Caxton's Reynard the Fox (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844.
Crespet, Pere. Deux Livres de la Haine de Satan et des Malins Esprits contre
l'Homme. 8vo. Francfort, 1581.
Chevalier Ramsay, Essai de Politique, où l'on traite de la Nécessité de l'Origine,
des Droits, des Bornes et des différentes Formes de la Souveraineté, selon les
Principes de l'Auteur de Télémaque. 2 Vols. 12mo. La Haye, without date, but
printed in 1719.
The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le
Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fénélon," 12mo. Londres, 1721.
The Cry of the Oppressed, being a True and Tragical Account of the unparalleled
Sufferings of Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &c. London, 1691.

12mo.
Markham's History of France. Vol. II. 1830.
Markham's History of England. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.
James's Naval History. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.
Hume's History of England. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.
Russell's Europe, from the Peace of Utrecht. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.
Clare's Rural Muse.
Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica, Part V. 4to.
Strutt's Manners and Customs. Vol. II. 4to.
Old Bayley Sessions Papers, 1744 to 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to.
Colden's History of the Five Indian Nations of Canada. Vol. 1. 12mo. Lond.
1755.
Hearne (T.) Leland's Itinerary. Vols. I. II. III. and VII.
Horace-Orellius. 2 Vols.
D'Arblay's Diary. Vol. III.
Waagen's Works of Art and Artists in England. 3 Vols. 8vo. 1838.
Smyth's (Prof. W.) Lectures on Modern History. 3rd Edit. 2 Vols. 8vo. 1841.
* *
* Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to Mr.
Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.
Pope Joan. W. M. H. is assured that the article in No. 81. was written by R. R. M.,
and not by the learned author, whose communications we agree with W. M. H. in
wishing "we saw still more frequently in our pages."
O. O. The allusion in Tennyson to—
"Her, who clasped in her last trance
Her murdered father's head,"
is to Margaret Roper, who was buried with the head of her father, Sir Thomas More, in
her arms. See "Notes and Queries," Vol. iii., p. 10.
Dutch Books. Martinus will feel obliged if Hibernicus will forward the Catalogue
(he so kindly offers in No. 80. p. 378.) to Mr. F. Muller, care of Mr. Nutt, bookseller
No. 272. Strand.
E. N. W. The figures above the letters in the motto subscribed to the verses which
Joannes Rombouts addressed to Verstegan, point out his Christian name, Joannes; those
below the letters, his surname, Rombouts.
R. H. We are unable to furnish any information respecting the volume of Irish
Antiquities to which our correspondent refers. We will willingly give insertion to any
Query on the subject of Ogham Inscriptions generally.

E. S. T. Will this correspondent kindly adapt his information on Bier Ways as a reply
to the Query on the subject?
T. P. The "Notes on Almanacks" are under consideration.
Lion Symbolical of the Resurrection. We owe it to Jarltzberg to explain with
reference to C. P.***'s remark, p. 450., that a long reply to Mr. Eastwood's Query was
forwarded by him at the time; its length indeed it was which necessarily led to its non-
insertion at the time.
Replies Received.—Encorah and Millicent, &c.—Prenzie—M. or N.—Local Mints—
Rev. Mr. Gay—Petworth Registers—Baronettes—Curse of Scotland—Nao, a ship—
Arches of Pelaga—Pylche or Pilcher—Dozen of Bread, or Baker's Dozen—Tinsel—
Bonnie Cravat—Davy Jones's Locker—Arms of the Isle of Man—Dieu et mon Droit—
William Hone—Cachecope Bell—Pallavicini
Circulation of our Prospectuses by Correspondents. The suggestion of T. E. H., that
by way of hastening the period when we shall be justified in permanently enlarging our
Paper to 24 pages, we should forward copies of our Prospectus to correspondents who
would kindly enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of
literature, to become subscribers to "Notes and Queries," has already been acted upon
by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are greatly indebted. We shall be most
happy to forward Prospectuses for this purpose to any other of our friends able and
willing thus to assist towards increasing our circulation.
Errata.—Page 322. col. 1. l. 20., for "conscriptu" read "conscripta;" and l. 29. for
"Madingi" read "Wadingi;" p 444. col. 1. l. 18., for "Upon" read "Uprose." In the Tabula
Regum, p. 457., "scotus" in the fifth line should be "secundus;" in the fourteenth line,
"xxiiij." should be "xx/iiij.," fourscore, not twenty-four; and in l. 23. for "xliij." read
"xliiij."
Vols. I. and II., each with very copious Index, may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each.
Notes and Queries may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It
is published at noon on Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience
any difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are,
probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive Notes
and Queries in their Saturday parcels.
All communications for the Editor of Notes and Queries should be addressed to the
care of Mr. Bell, No. 186. Fleet Street.
8vo., price 1s. 6d.
HE TIPPETS OF THE CANONS
T ECCLESIASTICAL,
with Illustrative Woodcuts. By Gilbert J. French.
Also, by the same Author, Second Edition, 18mo., price
6d.
HINTS ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF COLOURS IN
ANCIENT DECORATIVE ART, with some Observations
on the Theory of Complementary Colours.

London: George Bell, 186 Fleet Street.

Just published, fcp. 8vo., cloth, with Steel engraving,
price 4s. 6d.
HE FAIRY GODMOTHERS and other Tales.
T By Mrs. Alfred Gatty.
"Her love for Fairy literature has led Mrs. Alfred
Gatty to compose four pretty little moral stories, in
which the fairies are gracefully enough used as
machinery. They are slight, but well written, and the
book is altogether very nicely put out of hand."—
Guardian.
London: George Bell, 186 Fleet Street.

THE LATER HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF
ENGLAND.
In One Volume. small 8vo., price 8s. 6d.
HE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND
T FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE LAST ACTS
OF CONVOCATION, 1688-1717. By the Rev. William
Palin, M.A., Rector of Stifford, Essex.
This Volume forms a Continuation to the Works of
Bishop Short, Mr. Carwithen, and other Writers on the
Earlier History of the Church of England.
Rivingtons, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo
Place.

ARNOLD'S HOMER FOR BEGINNERS.
In 12mo., price. 3s. 6d.
OMER'S ILIAD, BOOKS I.—III., with English
H Notes; forming a sufficient Commentary for Young
Students. By the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A.,
Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge.
Rivingtons, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo
Place;
Of whom may be had, by the same Editor,
HOMERI ILIAS, LIB. I.—IV., WITH A COPIOUS
CRITICAL INTRODUCTION AND ENGLISH NOTES.
In 12mo., 7s. 6d.
"This Edition is intended to assist more advanced
students at schools and colleges. A more useful and
complete guide to the study of Homer we do not
know. If any body makes himself thoroughly master
of the contents of this volume, he will find no
difficulty in fully comprehending any other part of
the Odyssey."—Athenæum.

T HE GENERAL LAND
IMPROVEMENT COMPANY.
DRAINAGE AND

Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 12 and 13 Vict. c. 91.
directors.

Henry Ker Seymer , Esq., M.P., Hanford, Dorset,
Chairman.
John Villiers Shelley, Esq., Maresfield Park,
Sussex, Deputy-Chairman.

John Chevallier Cobbold, Esq., M.P., Ipswich.
William Cubitt, Esq., Great George Street,
Westminster.
Henry Currie, Esq., M.P., West Horsley, Surrey.
Thomas Edward Dicey, Esq., Claybrook Hall,
Lutterworth.
William Fisher Hobbs, Esq., Boxted Lodge,
Colchester.
Edward John Hutchins, Esq., M.P. Eaton Square,
London.
Samuel Morton Peto, Esq., M.P., Great George
Street.
Colonel George Alexander Reid, M.P., Bulstrode
Park, Bucks.
William Tite, Esq., F.R.S., Lowndes Square, London.
William Wilshere, Esq., The Frythe, Welwyn, Herts.

This Company is empowered to execute—
1. All works of Drainage (including Outfalls through
adjoining Estates), Irrigation, Reclaiming, Enclosing, and
otherwise improving Land.
2. To erect Farm Homesteads, and other Buildings
necessary for the cultivation of Land.
3. To execute Improvements, under Contract, with
Commissioners of Sewers, Local Boards of Health,
Corporations, Trustees, and other Public Bodies.
4. To purchase Lands capable of Improvement, and
fettered by Restrictions of Entail; and having executed the
necessary Works, to resell them with a Title
communicated by the Company's Act.
Owners of Entailed Estates, Trustees, Mortgagees,
Corporations, Incumbents, Life Tenants, and other Persons
having only limited Interests, may obtain the use of the
Company's Powers to carry out every kind of permanent
Improvement, either by the Application of their own or the
Company's Funds, secured by a yearly Charge on the
Property improved.
Proposals for the Execution of Works to be addressed to
William Clifford, Secretary.
Offices, 52. Parliament Street,
Westminster.

A NEW EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED.
ALKER'S RHYMING DICTIONARY, in which all
W Words are arranged according to their Terminations;
answering at the same time the Purpose of a Pronouncing
and Explanatory Dictionary of the English Language.
Thick 12mo., cloth, 6s. 6d. (1851.)
*** The present edition has been carefully revised
throughout, and is now offered at a remarkably reasonable
price to ensure a rapid sale.

G. Willis, Great Piazza, Covent Garden.

Now ready, price 5s. illustrated, No. I.
of
HE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW.
T CONTENTS.
Introductory Address to our Readers.
The Great Exhibition and its Influence upon
Architecture.
Design in Ecclesiastical Architecture.
Museums at Home and Abroad.
Ruskin and "The Stones of Venice."
Architectural Nomenclature and Classification.
Domestic Gothic Architecture in Germany.
Inventors and Authorship in relation to Architecture.
Assyrian Architecture.
notices of new books.
Classified List of Books recently published.
Retrospective Review:—Chevreul on Colour.
Buildings and Furniture.
New Inventions:—Machinery, Tools, and Instruments.
—Materials, and Contrivances; Self-acting Dust-
shoot Door; Removal of Smoke by Sewers, &c.
&c.—Patents and Designs registered, &c. &c.

"This new and professional Quarterly we hail as an
acquisition. It promises to be conducted with
intelligence, kindly spirit, and proper concern for the
interests of the profession and the public.... It is
altogether a good first part."—Builder.
George Bell, 186. Fleet Street (next St. Dunstan's
Church).

Just published, in 8 volumes 8vo., 4l. 4s., uniform with
Library Editions of Herbert and Taylor,
HE WORKS OF JOHN MILTON in VERSE and
T PROSE. Printed from the Original Editions. With a
Life of the Author, by the Rev. John Mitford.
William Pickering, 177. Piccadilly.

PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET.
CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE
BUILDINGS.
Established 1806.
Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818l.
Annual Income, 150,000l.—Bonuses Declared,
743,000l.
Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office,
2,001,450l.
President.
The Right Honourable EARL GREY.
Directors.

The Rev. James Sherman, Chairman.
Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., Deputy-
Chairman.

Henry B. Alexander, Esq.
George Dacre, Esq.

William Judd, Esq.
Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird
Thomas Maugham, Esq.
William Ostler, Esq.
Apsley Pellatt, Esq.
George Round, Esq.
Frederick Squire, Esq.
William Henry Stone, Esq.
Capt. William John Williams.

J. A. Beaumont, Esq., Managing Director.
Physician—John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper
Montague Street, Montague Square.

NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE
DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.
Example of the Extinction of Premiums
by the Surrender of Bonuses.

Bonuses added
subsequently,
Date to be further
of Sum Original increased
Policy. Insured. Premium. annually.
1806 £2500 £79 10 10 Extinguished £1222 2 0
1811 £1000 £33 19 2 Ditto £231 17 8
1818 £1000 £34 16 10 Ditto £114 18 10
Examples of Bonuses added
to other Policies.
Total with
Additions
Policy Sum Bonuses to be further
No. Date. Insured. added. increased.
521 1807 £900 £982 12 1 £1882 12 1
1174 1810 £1200 £1160 5 6 £2360 5 6
3392 1820 £5000 £3558 17 8 £8558 17 8

Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon
application to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal
Towns of the United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at
the Head Office, No. 50. Regent Street.

Nearly ready, Second Edition, revised and corrected.
Dedicated by Special Permission to
THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
SALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE
P CHURCH. The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H.
Milman, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for
Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including
Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments,
and a Concise System of Chanting, by J. B. SALE,
Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat,
in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. Sale,
21. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt
of a Post Office Order for that amount: and, by order, of
the principal Booksellers and Music Warehouses.
"A great advance on the works we have
hitherto had, connected with our Church and
Cathedral Service."—Times.
"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly
unequalled in this country."—Literary
Gazette.

"One of the best collection of tunes which
we have yet seen. Well merits the
distinguished patronage under which it
appears."—Musical World.
"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together
with a system of Chanting of a very superior
character to any which has hitherto
appeared."—John Bull.
Also, lately published,
J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and
CHANTS as performed at the Chapel Royal St. James,
price 2s.
C. Lonsdale, 26. Old Bond Street.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New Street
Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and published by
GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West,
in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday,
June 21. 1851.

Transcriber's Note: Original spelling varieties have not been standardized.
Pages in "Notes & Queries", Vol. I-III

+---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
| Notes and Queries Vol. I. |
+---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
| Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx |
+---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
| Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 |
| Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 |
| Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 |
| Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 |
+---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
| Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 |
| Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 |
| Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 |
| Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 |
| Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 |
+---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
| Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # |
| Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 |
| Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 |
| Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 |
+---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
| Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 |
| Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 |
| Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 |
| Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 |
+---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
| Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 |
| Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 |
| Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 |
| Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 |
| Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 |
+---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
| Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 |
| Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 |
| Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 |

| Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 |
+---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
| Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 |
| Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 |
| Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 |
| Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 |
+---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
| Notes and Queries Vol. II. |
+----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx |
+----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1-15 | PG # 12589 |
| Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17-32 | PG # 15996 |
| Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33-48 | PG # 26121 |
| Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49-64 | PG # 22127 |
| Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65-79 | PG # 22126 |
+----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81-96 | PG # 13361 |
| Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 |
| Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 |
| Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 |
+----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 |
| Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 |
| Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 |
| Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 |
| Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 |
+----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 |
| Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 |
| Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 |
| Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 |
+----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 |
| Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 |
| Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 |
| Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 |
+----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 |
| Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 |
| Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 |
| Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 |
| Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 |
+----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 |
| Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 |
| Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 |
| Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 |
+----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
| Notes and Queries Vol. III. |
+-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx |
+-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1-15 | PG # 15638 |
| Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17-31 | PG # 15639 |
| Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33-47 | PG # 15640 |
| Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49-78 | PG # 15641 |
+-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81-95 | PG # 22339 |
| Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 |
| Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 |
| Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 |
+-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 |
| Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 |
| Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 |
| Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 |
| Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 |
+-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 |
| Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 |

| Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 |
| Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 |
+-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 |
| Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 |
| Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 |
| Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 |
| Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 |
| Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 |
| Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 |
+-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
| Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 |
| INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 |
| INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 |
+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND
QUERIES, VOL. III, NUMBER 86, JUNE 21, 1851 ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright royalties.
Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license,
apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic
works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and
trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not
be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of
the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project
Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this
eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may
use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative
works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks
may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically
ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S.
copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license,
especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG™ LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing
Project Gutenberg electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg electronic
work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept
all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg electronic works in your possession. If
you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this
agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom
you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people
who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg electronic
works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the

collection of Project Gutenberg electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in
the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg works
in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project
Gutenberg name associated with the work. You can easily comply with
the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format
with its attached full Project Gutenberg License when you share it
without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg work (any work on which
the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase
“Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License included with

this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located
in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg electronic work is derived
from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a
notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright
holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United
States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or
providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”
associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with
the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain
permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg License for all works posted
with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of
this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide
access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg work in a format
other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official

version posted on the official Project Gutenberg website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of
obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg electronic works provided
that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
to the owner of the Project Gutenberg trademark, but he has agreed
to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid
within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are
legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and
discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project
Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of
any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the

electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth
in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the
Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in
Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend
considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and
proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the
Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be
stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete,
inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES -
Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in
paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation,
the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party
distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this
agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and
expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO
REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH
OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE
FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE

LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you
discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it,
you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return
the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that
provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a
replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu
of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a
refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If
any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law
of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the
Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability,

costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly
from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a)
distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg work, (b) alteration,
modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg work,
and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project
Gutenberg

Project Gutenberg is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg’s goals
and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg collection will remain freely
available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and
permanent future for Project Gutenberg and future generations. To
learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and
the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state
of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue
Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is
64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S.
federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 41 Watchung Plaza
#516, Montclair NJ 07042, USA, +1 (862) 621-9288. Email contact
links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small
donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax
exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States.
Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable
effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these
requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have
not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular
state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other

ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg
electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility:
www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg, including
how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.