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Title: Notes and Queries, Number 182, April 23, 1853

Author: Various

Editor: George Bell

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QUERIES, NUMBER 182, APRIL 23, 1853 ***

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Overlines indicating abbreviations will also be
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NOTES and QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
FOR
LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."— Captain Cuttle.

Price
Fourpence.
No. 182.] Saturday, April 23. 1853. Stamped
Edition, 5d.

CONTENTS.
Notes:— Page
Poetical Epithets of the Nightingale, by
Cuthbert Bede, B.A. 397
On a Passage in Orosius, by E. Thomson 399
Notes on several Misunderstood Words, by
Rev. W. R. Arrowsmith 400
A Work on the Macrocosm 402
Dr. South's Latin Tract against Sherlock, by
James Crossley 402
Shakspeare Correspondence, by C.
Mansfield Ingleby, S. Singleton, &c. 403
Minor Notes:—Robert Weston—Sonnet on
the Rev. Joseph Blanco White—English
and American Booksellers —Odd Mistake
—Thomas Shakspeare—Early Winters 404
Queries:—
Satirical Playing Cards, by T. J. Pettigrew 405
Movable Metal Types anno 1435, by George
Stephens 405
Portraits at Brickwall House 406
Minor Queries:—Christian Names—Lake of 406
Geneva —Clerical Portrait—Arms:
Battle-axe—Bullinger's Sermons—
Gibbon's Library—Dr. Timothy Bright —
Townley MSS.—Order of St. John of
Jerusalem —Consecrated Roses, Swords,
&c.—West, Kipling, and Millbourne—
Font Inscriptions—Welsh Genealogical
Queries—The Butler and his Man William
—Longhi's Portraits of Guidiccioni—Sir

George Carr—Dean Pratt—Portrait of
Franklin—"Enquiry into the State of the
Union"
Minor Queries With Answers:—Bishop of
Oxford in 1164—Roman Inscription
found at Battle Bridge— Blow-shoppes—
Bishop Hesketh—Form of Prayer for
Prisoners 409
Replies:—
Edmund Spenser, and Spensers, or Spencers,
of Hurstwood, by J. B. Spencer, &c. 410
Throwing old Shoes for Luck, by John
Thrupp 411
Orkneys in Pawn 412
Hogarth's Pictures, by E. G. Ballard and W.
D. Haggard 412
Phantom Bells and Lost Churches 413
Photographic Notes and Queries:—
Photographic Collodion—Filtering
Collodion—Photographic Notes —
Colouring Collodion Pictures—Gutta
Percha Baths 414
Replies To Minor Queries:—Pilgrimages to
the Holy Land—"A Letter to a
Convocation Man"—King Robert Bruce's
Coffin-plate—Eulenspiegel or Howleglas
—Sir Edwin Sadleir—Belfry Towers
separate from the Body of the Church—
God's Marks—"The Whippiad" —The
Axe that beheaded Anne Boleyn, &c. 415
Miscellaneous:—
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 417
Notices to Correspondents 418
Advertisements 418

Notes.
POETICAL EPITHETS OF THE NIGHTINGALE.

Having lately been making some research among our British poets, as to the
character of the nightingale's song, I was much struck with the great
quantity and diversity of epithets that I found applied to the bird. The
difference of opinion that has existed with regard to the quality of its song,
has of course led the poetical adherents of either side to couple the
nightingale's name with that very great variety of adjectives which I shall
presently set down in a tabular form, with the names of the poetical
sponsors attached thereto. And, in making this the subject of a Note, I am
only opening up an old Query; for the character of the nightingale's song
has often been a matter for discussion, not only for poets and scribblers, but
even for great statesmen like Fox, who, amid all the anxieties of a political
life, could yet find time to defend the nightingale from being a "most
musical, most melancholy" bird.

Coleridge's onslaught upon this line, in his poem of "The Nightingale,"
must be well known to all lovers of poetry; and his re-christening of the
bird by that epithet which Chaucer had before given it:

"'Tis the merry nightingale,
That crowds, and hurries, and precipitates,
With fast thick warble, his delicious notes,
As he were fearful that an April night
Would be too short for him to utter forth
His love-chant, and disburthen his full soul
Of all its music!"

The fable of the nightingale's origin would, of course, in classical times,
give the character of melancholy to its song; and it is rather remarkable that
Æschylus makes Cassandra speak of the happy chirp of the nightingale, and
the Chorus to remark upon this as a further proof of her insanity.

(Shakspeare makes Edgar say, "The foul fiend haunted poor Tom in the
voice of a nightingale."—King Lear, Act III. Sc. 6.)

Tennyson seems to be almost the only poet who has thoroughly recognised
the great variety of epithets that may be applied to the nightingale's song,
through the very opposite feelings which it seems to possess the power to
awaken. In his Recollections of the Arabian Nights, he says,—

"The living airs of middle night
Died round the Bulbul as he sung;
Not he; but something which possess'd
The darkness of the world, delight,
Life, anguish, death, immortal love,
Ceasing not, mingled, unrepress'd,
Apart from place, withholding time."

Again, in the In Memoriam:

"Wild bird! whose warble, liquid, sweet,
Rings Eden through the budded quicks,
Oh, tell me where the senses mix,
Oh, tell me where the passions meet,

"Whence radiate? Fierce extremes employ
Thy spirit in the dusking leaf,
And in the midmost heart of grief
Thy passion clasps a secret joy."

With which compare these lines in The Gardener's Daughter:

"Yet might I tell of meetings, of farewells,—
Of that which came between, more sweet than each,
In whispers, like the whispers of the leaves
That tremble round a nightingale—in sighs
Which perfect Joy, perplexed for utterance,
Stole from her sister Sorrow."

But the most singular proof that, I think, I have met with, concerning the
diversity of opinion touching the song of the nightingale, is to be found in
the following example. When Shelley (Prometheus Unbound) is describing
the luxurious pleasures of the Grove of Daphne, he mentions (in some of
the finest lines he has ever written) "the voluptuous nightingales, sick with
sweet love," to be among the great attractions of the place: while Dean
Milman (Martyrs of Antioch), in describing the very same "dim, licentious
Daphne," is particular in mention that everything there

"Ministers
Voluptuous to man's transgressions"

(even including the "winds, and flowers, and waters"); everything, in short,

"Save thou, sweet nightingale!"

The question is indeed a case of "fierce extremes," as we may see by the
following table of epithets, which are taken from the British poets only:

Amorous. Milton.
Artless. Drummond of Hawthornden.
Attick ("Attica aedon"). Gray.
Beautiful. Mackay.
Charmer. Michael Drayton, Philip Ayres.
Charming. Sir Roger L'Estrange.
Cheerful. Philip Ayres.
Complaining. Shakspeare.
Conqueror. Ford
Dainty. Carshaw, Giles Fletcher.
Darkling. Milton.
Dear. Ben Jonson, Drummond of Hawthornden.
Deep. Mrs. Hemans.
Delicious. Crashaw, Coleridge.
Doleful. Shakspeare.
Dusk. Barry Cornwall.
Enchanting. Mrs. T. Welsh.
Enthusiast. Crashaw.
Evening. Chaucer.

Ever-varying. Wordsworth.
Fervent. Mrs. Hemans.
Fond. Moore.
Forlorn. Shakspeare, Darwin, Hood.
Full-hearted. Author of The Naiad (1816).
Full-throated. Keats.
Gentle. The Spanish Tragedy, Dunbar (Laureate to James IV. Scot.),
Mrs Charlotte Smith.
Good. Chaucer, Ben Jonson.
Gushing. Campbell.
Hapless. Milton.
Happy. Keats, Mackay.
Harmless. Crashaw, Browne.
Harmonious. Browne.
Heavenly.1 Chaucer, Dryden, Wordsworth.
Holy. Campbell.
Hopeful. Crashaw.
Immortal. Keats.
Joyful. Moore.
Joyous. Keble.
Lamenting. Shakspeare, Michael Drayton, Drummond of
Hawthornden.
Light-foot. Crashaw.
Light-winged. Keats.
Liquid. Milton, Bishop Heber, Tennyson.
Listening. Crashaw, Thomson.
Little. James I. Scot., Philip Ayres, Crashaw.
Lone. Beattie, Mrs. Hemans, Miss London, Mrs. Fanny Kemble,
Milman.
Lonely. Countess of Winchilsea (1715), Barry Cornwall.
Loud. Shelley.
Loved. Mason.
Lovely. Bloomfield.
Love-lorn. Milton, Scott, Collins.
Lowly. Mrs. Thompson.
Lusty. Chaucer.
Melancholy. Milton, Milman.

Melodious. Chris. Smart, Ld. Lyttelton, Southey.
Merry. Red Book of Ossory, fourteenth century (quoted in "N. & Q.,"
Vol. ii., No. 54.), Chaucer, Dunbar, Coleridge.
Minstrel. Mrs. Charlotte Smith.
Modest. Keble.
Mournful. Shakspeare, Theo. Lee, Pope, Lord Thurlow, Byron.
Musical. Milton.
Music-panting. Shelley.
New-abashed.2 Chaucer.
Night-warbling. Milton, Milman.
Pale. Author of Raffaelle and Fornarina (1826).
Panting. Crashaw.
Passionate. Lady E. S. Wortley.
Pensive. Mrs. Charlotte Smith.
Piteous. Ambrose Philips.
Pity-pleading (used ironically). Coleridge.
Plaintive. Lord Lyttelton, Thomson, Keats, Hood.
Pleasant. An old but unknown author, quoted in Todd's Illustrations to
Gower and Chaucer, p. 291., ed. 1810.
Poor. Shakspeare, Ford.
Rapt. Hon. Julian Fane (1852).
Ravished. Lilly.
Responsive. Darwin.
Restless. T. Lovell Beddoes (in The Bride's Tragedy, 1822).
Richly-toned. Southey.
Sad. Milton, Giles Fletcher, Drummond of Hawthornden, Graves,
Darwin, Collins, Beattie, Byron, Mrs. Hemans, Mrs Fanny Kemble,
Hood, T. L. Beddoes.
Shrill. Chaucer, Crashaw.
Silver-sounding. Richard Barnfield.
Single.3 Southey.
Skilled. Ford.
Sleepless.4 Atherstone.
Sober-suited. Thomson.
Soft. Milton, James I. Scot., Crashaw, Mrs. Charlotte Smith, Byron.
Solemn. Milton, Otway, Graingle.
Sole-sitting. Thomson.

Sorrowing. Shakspeare.
Soul-entrancing. Bishop Heber.
Supple. Crashaw.
Sweet. Chaucer, James I. Scot., Milton, Spenser, Crashaw, Drummond,
Richard Barnfield, Ambrose Philips, Shelley, Cowper, Thomson,
Young, Darwin, Lord Lyttelton, Mrs. Charlotte Smith, Moore,
Coleridge, Wordsworth, L. E. L., Milman, Hood, Tennyson, P. J.
Bailey, Kenny, Hon. J. Fane.
Sweetest. Milton, Browne, Thomson, Turnbull, Beattie.
Sweet-voiced. Wither.
Syren. Crashaw.
Tawny. Cary.
Tender. Crashaw, Turnbull.
Thrilling. Hon. Mrs. Wrottesley (1847).
Tuneful. Dyer, Grainger.
Unseen. Byron.
Vaunting. Bloomfield.
Voluptuous. Shelley.
Wakeful. Milton, Coleridge.
Wailing. Miss Landon.
Wandering. Mrs. Charlotte Smith, Hon. Mrs. Wrottesley.
Wanton. Coleridge.
Warbling. Milton, Ford, Chris. Smart, Pope, Smollett, Lord Lyttelton,
Jos. Warton, Gray, Cowper.
Welcome. Wordsworth.
Wild. Moore, Tennyson, J. Westwood (1840).
Wise. Waller.
Wondrous. Mrs. Fanny Kemble.

In addition to these 109 epithets, others might be added of a fuller
character; such as "Queen of all the quire" (Chaucer), "Night-music's king"
(Richard Barnfield, 1549), "Angel of the spring" (Ben Jonson), "Music's
best seed-plot" (Crashaw), "Best poet of the grove" (Thomson), "Sweet poet
of the woods" (Mrs. Charlotte Smith), "Dryad of the trees" (Keats),
"Sappho of the dell" (Hood); but the foregoing list of simple adjectives
(which doubtless could be greatly increased by a more extended poetical
reading) sufficiently demonstrates the popularity of the nightingale as a

poetical embellishment, and would, perhaps, tend to prove that a greater
diversity of epithets have been bestowed upon the nightingale than have
been given to any other song-bird.

Cuthbert Bede, B.A.
Footnote 1:(return)

The epithets "heavenly," "holy," "solemn," &c., represent the nightingale's song,
as spoken of by Keats, as the bird's "plaintive anthem;" by Mackay, as its

"Hymn of gratitude and love;"

and by Moore also, in his account of the Vale of Cashmere, as

"The nightingale's hymn from the Isle of Chenars."

In A Proper New Boke of the Armony of Byrdes (quoted by Dibdin, Top. Antiq.,
iv. 381.), of unknown date, though probably before 1580, the nightingale is
represented as singing its Te Deum:

"Tibi Cherubin
Et Seraphin
Full goodly she dyd chaunt,
With notes merely
Incessabile
Voce Prœclamant."

Footnote 2:(return)

(Troilus and Creseide) imagines the nightingale to "stint" at the beginning of its
song, and to be frightened at the least noise.

Footnote 3:(return)

This, and the epithets of "sole-sitting" and "unseen," refer to the nightingale's
love of solitary seclusion.

Footnote 4:(return)

"He slep no more than doth the nightingale."
Chaucer, Cant. Pil.

ON A PASSAGE IN OROSIUS.

In King Alfred's version of Orosius, book ii. chap. iv. p. 68., Barrington, we
have an account of an unsuccessful attempt made by one of Cyrus the

Great's officers to swim across a river "mid twam tyncenum," with two
tynkens. What was a tyncen? That was the question nearly a hundred years
ago, when Barrington was working out his translation; and the only answer
to be found then was contained in the great dictionary published by Lye and
Manning, but is not found now in Dr. Bosworth's second edition of his
Dictionary: "Tynce, a tench."

How the Persian nobleman was to be supported by two little fishes, which
were more likely to land their passenger at the bottom of the river than on
the opposite bank, we are left to guess. But, before we proceed with the
experiment, let us see that we have got the fishes. That tench was in the
Gyndis we have no authority for denying; but, if its Anglian or Saxon name
was such as the dictionary exhibits, we have no trace of it in the text of
Alfred; for under no form of declension, acknowledged in grammar, will
tynce ever give tyncenum. We have no need, then, to spend time in
calculating the chance of success, when we have not the means of making
the experiment.

As either tync or tynce would give tyncum, not tyncenum, the latter must
come out of tyncen (query, tynkin or tunkin, a little tun, a barrel, or a cask?).
Such was the form in which the question presented itself to my mind, upon
my first examination of the passage three or four years ago, but which was
given up without sufficient investigation, owing to an impression that if
such had been the meaning, it was so simple and obvious that nobody could
have missed it.

An emergency, which I need not explain here, has within these few days
recalled my attention to the subject; and I have no reason to be ashamed, or
to make a secret, of the result.

Tyncen, the diminutive of tunne, is not only a genuine Anglo-Saxon word,
but the type of a class, of whose existence in that language no Saxonist, I
may say no Teutonist, not even the perspicacious and indefatigable Jacob
Grimm himself, seems to be aware. The word is exactly analogous to Ger.
tönnchen, from tonne, and proves three things:—1. That our ancestors
formed diminutives in cen, as well as their neighbours in ken, kin, chen; 2.
That the radical vowel was modified: for y is the umlaut of u; 3. That these

properties of the dialect were known to Alfred the Great when he added this
curious statement to the narrative of Orosius.

E. Thomson.

NOTES ON SEVERAL MISUNDERSTOOD WORDS.

(Continued from p. 376.)

Imperseverant, undiscerning. This word I have never met with but twice,—
in Shakspeare's Cymbeline, with the sense above given; and in Bishop
Andrewes' Sermon preached before Queen Elizabeth at Hampton Court,
A.D. 1594, in the sense of unenduring:

"For the Sodomites are an example of impenitent wilful sinners; and
Lot's wife of imperseverant and relapsing righteous persons."—
Library of Ang.-Cath. Theology, vol. ii. p. 62.

Perseverant, discerning, and persevers, discerns, occur respectively at pp.
43. and 92. of Hawes's Pastime of Pleasure (Percy Society's edition). The
noun substantive perseverance=discernment is as common a word as any of
the like length in the English language. To omit the examples that might be
cited out of Hawes's Pastime of Pleasure, I will adduce a dozen other
instances; and if those should not be enough to justify my assertion, I will
undertake to heap together two dozen more. Mr. Dyce, in his Critique of
Knight and Collier's Shakspeare, rightly explains the meaning of the word
in Cymbeline; and quotes an example of perseverance from The Widow, to
which the reader is referred. Mr. Dyce had, however, previously corrupted a
passage in his edition of Rob. Greene's Dramatic Works, by substituting,
"perceivance" for perseverance, the word in the original quarto of the
Pinner of Wakefield, vol. ii. p. 184.:

"Why this is wondrous being blind of sight,
His deep perseuerance should be such to know us."

I subjoin the promised dozen:

"For his dyet he was verie temperate, and a great enemie of excesse
and surfetting; and so carelesse of delicates, as though he had had no
perseuerance in the tast of meates," &c.—"The Life of Ariosto," Sir
John Harington's Translation of Orlando Furioso, p. 418.

"In regarde whereof they are tyed vnto these duties: First by a prudent,
diligent, and faithfull care to obserue by what things the state may be
most benefited; and to haue perseuerance where such marchandize
that the state most vseth and desireth may be had with greatest ease,"
&c.—The Trauailer, by Thomas Palmer: London, 1606.

"There are certain kinds of frogs in Egypt, about the floud of Nilus,
that have this percewerance, that when by chance they happen to come
where a fish called Varus is, which is great a murtherer and spoiler of
frogs, they use to bear in their mouths overthwart a long reed, which
groweth about the banks of Nile; and as this fish doth gape, thinking to
feed upon the frog, the reed is so long that by no means he can
swallow the frog; and so they save their lives."—"The Pilgrimage of
Kings and Princes," chap. xliii. p. 294. of Lloyd's Marrow of History,
corrected and revised by R. C., Master of Arts: London, 1653.

"This fashion of countinge the monthe endured to the ccccl yere of the
citie, and was kepte secrete among the byshops of theyr religion tyl the
time that C. Flauius, P. Sulpitius Auarrio, and P. Sempronius
Sophuilongus, then beinge Consuls, against the mynde of the
Senatours disclosed all their solemne feates, published the in a table
that euery man might haue perseuerauce of them."—An Abridgemente
of the Notable Worke of Polidore Vergile, &c., by Thomas Langley, fol.
xlii.

"And some there be that thinke men toke occasion of God to make
ymages, whiche wylling to shewe to the grosse wyttes of men some
perceiueraunce of hymselfe, toke on him the shape of man, as
Abraham sawe him and Jacob also."—Id., fol. lxi.

In this passage, as in others presently to be alleged, "notification" seems to
be the drift of the word.

"Of this vnreuerent religio, Mahomete, a noble mane, borne in Arabie,
or, as some report, in Persie, was authour: and his father was an
heathen idolater, and his mother an Ismaelite; wherfore she had more
perceuerance of the Hebrues law."—Id., fol. cxlii.

"Where all feelyng and perseuerace of euill is awaie, nothyng there is
euill or found a misse. As if a manne be fallen into a sound slepe, he
feleth not the hardenesse or other incommoditie of his cabon or
couche."—"The Saiynges of Publius, No. 58.," The Precepts of Cato,
&c., with Erasmus Annotations: London, 1550.

"Wherfore both Philip and Alexander (if ye dead haue anie
perceuerance) woulde not that the rootes (rooters) out of them and
theyre issue, but rather that the punnishers of those traitors, should
enioye the kingdom of Macedone."—"The XVI Booke of Justine," fol.
86., Golding's Translation of the Abridgement of the Historyes of
Trojus Pompeius: London, 1578.

"And morouer bycause his setting of vs here in this world is to
aduaunce vs aloft, that is, to witte to the heauenly life, whereof he
giueth vs some perceyuerance and feeling afore hande."—Io. Calvin.
"Sermon XLI., on the Tenth Chap. of Job," p. 209., Golding's
Translation: London, 1574.

"And so farre are wee off from being able to atteine to such knowledge
through our owne power, that we flee it as much as is possible, and
blindfold our own eyes, to the intent we might put away all
perceyuerance and feeling of God's judgement from vs."—Id.,
"Sermon XLII.," p. 218.

"For (as I haue touched already) God of his goodnesse doth not vtterly
barre vs from hauing any perceyuerance at all of his wisdome: but it
behoueth vs to keepe measure."—Id., "Sermon XLIII.," p. 219.

I shall not cite any more from Golding, but simply observe that the word
occurs again and again in his translations. The remaining three examples
exhibit the noun in a somewhat different sense, viz. "notification," or
"means of discerning:"

"The time most apt in all the yeare, and affoording greatest
perseuerance for the finding out of the heads of wells and fountaines,
are the moneths of August or September."—The First Booke of the
Countrie Farme, p. 8., by Stevens and Liebault, translated by Svrflet,
and edited by G. Markham: London, 1616.

"He may also gather some perceiuerance by the other markes before
specified; that is to say, by the prints of his foote vpon the grasse, by
the carriages of his head, his dung, gate," &c.—Id., booke vii. p. 685.

"And this lyfe to men is an high perseveraunce,
Or a lyght of faythe wherby they shall be saved."

"God's Promises," by John Bale; Dodsley's Old Plays (Collier's
edition), vol. i. Part II. Act I.

By-the-bye, as a specimen of the value of this edition, take the following
passage of this very play:

"O perfyght keye of David, and hygh scepture of the kyndred of Jacob;
whych openest and no man speareth, that speakest and no man
openeth."—Act VII. p. 40.

On the word speareth the commentator treats his reader to a note; in which
he informs him that speareth means "asketh," and in proof of this cites one
passage from Chaucer, and two from Douglas's Virgil. It might almost
appear to be upbraiding the reader with stupidity to mention that speareth
signifieth "bolteth, shutteth;" and that "speaketh" is a misprint for speareth.
This verb was a favourite with Bale. One word more closes my budget for
the present.

More, a root. Still in use in Gloucestershire, once of frequent occurrence. To
the examples alleged by Richardson, in his Dictionary, add the following:

"I se it by ensaunple
In somer tyme on trowes;
Ther some bowes ben leved,
And some bereth none,

There is a meschief in the more
Of swiche manere bowes."
The Vision of Piers Ploughman, edited by Thomas
Wright, vol. ii. p. 300.

At p. 302. you find the sentiment in Latin:

"Sicut cum videris arborem pallidam et marcidam, intelligis quod
vitium habet in radice"—"a meschief in the more."

The Glossary of the editor is silent.

"It is a ful trie tree, quod he,
Trewely to telle;
Mercy is the more therof,
The myddul stok is ruthe;
The leves ben lele wordes,
The lawe of holy chirche;
The blosmes beth buxom speche,
And benigne lokynge;
Pacience hatte the pure tree," &c.
Id., vol. ii. p. 330.

"It groweth in a gardyn, quod he,
That God made hymselve,
Amyddes mannes body,
The more is of that stokke,
Herte highte the herber,
That it inne groweth."
Id., vol. ii. p. 331.

There should not be any comma, or other stop, at body, because the sense is
—"The root of that stock is amid man's body."

Mr. Wright's Glossary refers to these last two instances as follows:

"More (A.-S.) 330, 331., the main or larger part, body (?)"

At p. 334. we meet with the word again:

"On o more thei growed."

And again, at p. 416.:

"And bite a-two the mores."

May I, in passing, venture to inquire of the editor on what authority he
explains waselede (p. 476.) to be "the pret. of waselen (A.-S.) to become
dirty, dirty oneself?"

"This Troilus withouten rede or lore,
As man that hath his joies eke forlore,
Was waiting on his lady evermore,
As she that was sothfast croppe and more,
Of all his lust or joyes here tofore."
Chaucer's Troilus and Creseide, b.v.

Afterwards, in the same book, a few stanzas further on, he joins "crop" and
"root" together.

"Last of all, if these thinges auayle not the cure, I do commend and
allow above all the rest, that you take the iuyce of Celendine rootes,
making them cleane from the earth that doth vse to hang to the
moores."—The Booke of Falconrie, by George Turbervile, 1611, p.
236.

"Chiefely, if the moare of vertue be not cropped, but dayly rooted
deepelyer."—The Fyrste Booke of the Nobles or of Nobilitye,
translated from Laurence Humfrey.

The next and last example from the "Second Booke" of this interesting little
volume I will quote more at large:

"Aristotle mencioneth in his Politikes an horrible othe vsed in certaine
states, consistinge of the regimente of fewe nobles, in maner thus: I
will hate the people, and to my power persecute them. Which is the

croppe and more of al sedition. Yet too much practised in oure liues.
But what cause is there why a noble man should eyther despise the
people? or hate them? or wrong them? What? know they not, no
tiranny maye bee trusty? Nor how yll garde of cotinuance, feare is?
Further, no more may nobilitie misse the people, then in man's body,
the heade, the hande. For of trueth, the common people are the handes
of the nobles, sith them selues bee handlesse. They labour and sweate
for them, with tillinge, saylinge, running, toylinge: by sea, by lad, with
hads, wt feete, serue them. So as w'oute theyr seruice, they nor eate,
nor drink, nor are clothed, no nor liue. We reade in ye taleteller Esope,
a doue was saued by the helpe of an ant. A lyon escaped by the benefit
of a mowse. We rede agayne, that euen ants haue theyr choler. And not
altogether quite, the egle angered the bytle bee."

The reader will notice in this citation another instance of the verb miss, to
dispense with. I have now done for the present; but should the collation of
sundry passages, to illustrate the meaning of a word, appear as agreeable to
the laws of a sound philology, as conducive to the integrity of our ancient
writers, and as instructive to the public as brainspun emendations, whether
of a remote or modern date, which now-a-days are pouring in like a flood—
to corrupt long recognised readings in our idolised poet Shakspeare, in
order to make his phraseology square with the language of the times and his
readers' capacities—I will not decline to continue endeavours such as the
present essay exhibits with a view to stem and roll back the tide.

W. R. Arrowsmith.
Broad Heath, Presteign, Herefordshire.

A WORK ON THE MACROCOSM.

I intended to have contributed a series of papers to "N. & Q." on the brute
creation, on plants and flowers, &c.; and in a Note on the latter subject I
promised to follow it up. However, as circumstances have changed my
intentions, I think it may be well to mention that I have in hand a work on
Macrocosm, or World of Nature around us, which shall be published in
three separate parts or volumes. The first shall be devoted to the Brute

Creation; the second shall be an Herbal, with a Calendar of dedicated
Flowers prefixed; the third shall contain Chapters on the Mineral Kingdom:
in the last I shall treat of the symbolism of stones, and the superstitions
respecting them. I purpose in each case, as far as possible, to go to the
fountain-head, and shall give copious extracts from such writers as St.
Ildefonso of Toledo, St. Isidore of Seville, Vincent of Beauvais, St. Basil,
Origen, Epiphanius, and the Christian Fathers.

As the work I have sketched out for myself will require time to mature, I
shall publish very shortly a small volume, containing a breviary of the
former, which will give some idea of the manner in which I shall treat the
proposed subject.

Many correspondents of "N. & Q." have evinced great interest in the line I
intend to enter upon. (See Vol. i., pp. 173. 457.; Vol. iv., p. 175.; Vol. vi., pp.
101. 272. 462. 518.) Their Queries have produced no satisfactory result. I
myself made a Query in my "Chapter on Flowers," some months ago,
respecting Catholic floral directories, and two works in particular, about
which I was most anxious, and which were quoted in The Catholic Florist,
London, 1851, and I have received no answer. Mr. Oakley, indeed, wrote to
me to say that he "only edited it, and wrote a preface," and that he
forwarded my Query "to the compiler:" the latter personage, however, has
not favoured me with a reply.

In spite of all these discouragements, I have taken the step of bringing my
contemplated work before the readers of "N. & Q.," and I shall gratefully
acknowledge any communications relative to legends, folk-lore,
superstitions, symbolism, &c. bearing on the subjects proposed. As I intend
inserting a bibliographical list of the chief works which come under the
scope of each volume, I might receive much valuable assistance on this
point, especially as regards Oriental and other foreign books, which might
escape my researches. As regards the brute creation, I have gotten, with the
kind assistance of the editor of "N. & Q.," Hildrop's famous reply to Father
Bougeant; and I have sent to Germany for Dr. Kraus's recent work on the
subject.

Eirionnach.

DR. SOUTH'S LATIN TRACT AGAINST SHERLOCK.

None of South's compositions are more striking or characteristic than his
two English tracts against Sherlock, his Animadversions on Sherlock's
Vindication of the Trinity, 1693-94, 4to., and his Tritheism charged on
Sherlock's new Notion of the Trinity, 1694, 4to. For caustic wit and
tremendous power of vituperation, I scarcely know any controversial works
which surpass, or even equal them. South looked upon Sherlock with
profound scorn as a Sciolist, and hated him most cordially as a heretic and a
political renegade. He accordingly gives him no quarter, and seems
determined to draw blood at every stroke. Mrs. Sherlock is of course not
forgotten, and one of the happiest passages in the Tritheism charged is the
well-known humorous illustration of Socrates and Xantippe, p. 129. It is
somewhat curious that, notwithstanding these two works of South have
attracted so much notice, it seems to be quite unknown that he also
published a Latin tract against Sherlock, in further continuation of the
controversy, in which the attack is carried on with equal severity. The title
of the tract in question is, Decreti Oxoniensis Vindicatio in Tribus ad
Modestum ejusdem examinatorem modestioribus Epistolis a Theologo
Transmarino. Excusa Anno Domini 1696, 4to., pp. 92. The tract, of which I
have a copy, is anonymous, but it is ascribed to South in the following
passages in The Agreement of the Unitarians with the Catholic Church, part
i. 1697, 4to., which is included in vol. v. of the 4to. Unitarian Tracts, and
evidently written by one who had full information on the subject. His
expressions (p. 62.) are—"Dr. South, in his Latin Letters, under the name of
a Transmarine Divine;" and a little further on, "Dr. South, in two (English)
books by him written, and in three Latin letters, excepts against this
(Sherlock's) explication of the Trinity." In confirmation of this ascription, I
may observe that the Latin tract is contained in an extensive collection of
the tracts in the Trinitarian Controversy formed by Dr. John Wallis, which I
possess, and in which he has written the names of the authors of the various
anonymous pieces. He took, as is well known, a leading part in the
controversy, and published himself an anonymous pamphlet (not noticed by
his biographers), also in defence of Oxford decrees. On the title-page of the
Latin tract he has written "By Dr. South." I have likewise another copy in a
volume which belonged to Stephen Nye, one of the ablest writers in the
controversy, and who ascribes it in the list of contents in the fly-leaf, in his

handwriting, to Dr. South. These grounds would appear to be sufficient to
authorise our including this tract in the list of South's works, though, from
the internal evidence of the tract itself alone, I should scarcely have felt
justified in ascribing it to him.

Jas. Crossley.

SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.

Parallel Passages.—

"You leaden messengers,
That ride upon the violent wings of fire,
Fly with false aim; move the still-piecing air,
That sings with piercing,—do not touch my lord!"
All's Well that Ends Well, Act III. Sc. 2.

"the elements,
Of whom your swords are tempered, may as well
Wound the loud winds, or with bemock'd at stabs
Kill the still-closing waters, as diminish
One dowle that's in my plume."
The Tempest, Act III. Sc. 3.

There can be little doubt that the clever corrector of Mr. Collier's folio had
the last of these passages in view when he altered the word move of the
first, into wound of the second: but in this instance he overshot the mark, in
not perceiving the nice and subtle distinction which exists between them.
The first implies possibility: the second impossibility.

In the second, the mention of, to "wound the loud wind, or kill the still-
closing water," is to set forth the absurdness of the attempt; but in the first
passage there is a direct injunction to a possible act: "Fly with false aim,
move the still-piecing air." To say "wound the still-piecing air" would be to
direct to be done, in one passage, that which the other passage declares to
be absurd to expect!

If it were necessary to disturb move at all, the word cleave would be, all to
nothing, a better substitution than wound.

Whether the annotating of Mr. Collier's folio be a real or a pseudo-antique,
it is impossible to deny that its executor must have been a clever, as he was
certainly a slashing hitter. It cannot, therefore, be wondered that he should
sometimes reach the mark: but that these corrections should be received
with that blind and superstitious faith, so strangely exacted for them, can
scarcely be expected. Indeed, it is to be regretted that they have been
introduced to the public with such an uncompromising claim to authority;
as the natural repugnance against enforced opinion may endanger the
success of the few suggestive emendations, to be found amongst them,
which are really new and valuable.

A. E. B.
Leeds.

P.S.—With reference to the above Note, which, although not before printed,
has been for some time in the Editor's hands, I have observed in a Dublin
paper of Saturday, April 9th, a very singular coincidence; viz. the recurrence
of the self-same misprint corrected by Malone, but retained by Messrs.
Collier and Knight in their respective editions of Shakspeare. Had the
parallel expressions still-closing, still-piecing, which I have compared in the
above paper, been noticed by these editors, they would no more have
hesitated in accepting Malone's correction than they would object to the
same correction in the misprint I am about to point out; viz.

"Two planks were pointed out by the witnesses, viz. one with a knot in
it, and another which was piered with strips of wood," &c.—
Saunders's Newsletter, April 9th, 3rd page, 1st col.

The Passage in "King Henry VIII.," Act III. Sc. 2. (Vol. vii., pp. 5. 111.
183.).—Is an old Shakspearian to talk rashly in "N. & Q." without being
called to account? "If 'we can,'" says Mr. Singer, "'by no means part with
have,' we must interpolate been after it, to make it any way intelligible, to
the marring of the verse." Now, besides the passage in the same scene—

——"my loyalty,

Which ever has, and ever shall be growing,"

pointed out by your Leeds correspondent, there is another equally in point
in All's Well that Ends Well, Act II. Sc. 5., which, being in prose, settles the
question as to whether the omission of the past participle after the auxiliary
was customary in Shakspeare's time. It is Lafeu's farewell to Parolles:

"Farewell, Monsieur: I have spoken better of you, than you have or
will deserve at my hand; but we must do good against evil."

Either this is "unintelligible," and "we must interpolate" deserved, or (the
only possible alternative) all three passages are free from Mr. Singer's
objection.

C. Mansfield Ingleby.
Birmingham.

On a Passage in "Macbeth."—Macbeth (Act I. Sc. 7.) says:

"I have no spur
To prick the sides of my intent, but only
Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself,
And falls on the other."

Should not the third line be—

"Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps its sell!"

Sell is saddle (Latin, sella; French, selle), and is used by Spenser in this
sense.

"O'erleaping itself" is manifest nonsense; whereas the whole passage has
evident reference to horsemanship; and to "vault" is "to carry one's body
cleverly over anything of a considerable height, resting one hand upon the
thing itself,"—exactly the manner in which some persons mount a horse,
resting one hand on the pommel of the saddle.

It would then be perfectly intelligible, thus—

"Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps its saddle (sell),
And falls on the other (side of the horse)."

Does Mr. Collier's "New Text," or any other old copy, prove this?

S. Singleton.
Greenwich.

Minor Notes.

Robert Weston.—I copy the following from a letter of R. L. Kingston to Dr.
Ducarel in Nichols's Literary History, vol. iii. p. 629.:

"Robert Weston was Lord of Manor of Kilmington in Devon, and
divided his estate among four daughters, reserving to the eldest son the
royalties of his courts. In his will or deed of settlement is this clause:
—'That the Abbot of Newnhams, near Axminster, had nothing to do in
the highway any further than to his land of Studhays, and that he
should stand without the court gate of his land of Studhays, and take
his right ear in his left hand, and put his right arm next to his body
under his left across, and so cast his reap-hook from him; and so far he
shall come.'"

Balliolensis.

Sonnet on the Rev. Joseph Blanco White.—Some years ago, I copied the
following sonnet from a newspaper. Can you say where it first made its
appearance? After the annexed testimony of Coleridge, it is needless to say
anything in its praise.

"SONNET ON THE REV. JOSEPH BLANCO WHITE.

Mysterious Night! When our first parent knew
Thee from report divine, and heard thy name,
Did he not tremble for this lovely frame,
This glorious canopy of light and blue?
Yet 'neath a curtain of translucent dew,

Bathed in the rays of the great setting flame,
Hesperus, with the host of heaven, came,
And lo! Creation widen'd in man's view.

Who could have thought such darkness lay conceal'd
Within thy beams, O Sun! Or who could find,
Whilst fly, and leaf, and insect, stood reveal'd,
That to such countless orbs thou mad'st us blind?
Why do we then shun death with anxious strife?
If light can thus deceive—wherefore not life?"

Coleridge is said to have pronounced this "The finest and most grandly
conceived in our language; at least, it is only in Milton's and in
Wordsworth's sonnets that I recollect any rival."

Balliolensis.

English and American Booksellers.—It is rather curious to note, that whilst
English booksellers are emulously vying with one another to publish
editions of Uncle Toms, Queechys, Wide Wide Worlds, &c., they neglect to
issue English works which the superior shrewdness of Uncle Sam deems
worthy of reprinting. Southey's Chronicle of the Cid, which was published
by Longman in 1808, and not since printed in England, was brought out in a
very handsome octavo form at Lowell, U. S., in 1846. And this, the "first
American edition," as it is called on the title-page, can be readily procured
from the booksellers in London; whereas the English original is not to be
met with. In like manner, Macaulay's Essays were collected and published
first in America; and so with Praed's Poems, and many others. Uncle Sam
has lately announced collections of Dr. Maginn's and De Quincey's
scattered Essays, for which we owe him our most grateful
acknowledgments.

J. M. B.
Tunbridge Wells.

Odd Mistake.—

"One of the houses on Mount Ephraim formerly belonged to Judge
Jeffries, a man who has rendered his name infamous in the annals of
history by the cruelty and injustice he manifested in presiding at the
trial of King Charles I."—Descriptive Sketches of Tunbridge Wells, by
John Britton, F.S.A., p. 59.

Voilà comment on fait l'histoire!

J. M. B.
Tunbridge Wells.

Thomas Shakspeare.—In the year 1597 there resided in Lutterworth in
Leicestershire, only distant from Stratford-upon-Avon, the birth-town of
Shakspeare, a very few miles, one Thomas Shakspeare, who appears to
have been employed by William Glover, of Hillendon in Northamptonshire,
gentleman, as his agent to receive for him and give an acquittance for a
considerable sum of money.

Having regard to the age in which this Thomas Shakspeare lived, coupled
with his place of residence, is it not probable he was a relative of the great
Bard?

Charlecote.

Early Winters.—I heard it mentioned, when in St. Petersburg very lately,
that they have never had so early a commencement of winter as this last
year since the French were at Moscow.

I find in accounts of the war, that the winter commenced then (1812) on
November 7, N. S., with deep snow. Last year (1852) it commenced at St.
Petersburg on October 16, N. S., as noted in my diary, with snow, which has
remained on the ground ever since, accompanied at times with very severe
frost.

Query: Can November 7, N. S., be the correct date? If it is, this last winter's
commencement must be unprecedented; as I have always heard it remarked,
that the winter began unusually early the year the French were at Moscow.

I may mention as a note, that by the last accounts from Russia, they say the
ice in the Gulf of Finland was four and a half feet thick.

J. S. A.
Old Broad Street.

Queries.
SATIRICAL PLAYING CARDS.

I have lately been much interested in a pack of cards, complete (fifty-two)
in their number and suits, engraved in the time of the Commonwealth at the
Hague, and representing the chief personages and the principal events of
that period. I have been able, by reference to historical authorities, and, in
particular, to the Ballads and Broadsides in the British Museum, forming
the collection presented to the nation by George III., to explain the whole
pack, with the exception of two. These are "Parry, Father and Sonne," and
"Simonias slandering the High Priest, to get his Place." The former simply
represents two figures, without any thing to offer a clue to any event; the
latter gives the representation of six Puritans, forming an assembly, who are
being addressed by one of the body. I cannot find any notice of Simonias, or
to whom such a name has been applied, in any of the Commonwealth tracts
with which I am acquainted. Probably some of your readers can help me in
this matter. Of these cards I can find no notice: they are not mentioned by
Singer, and appear to have escaped the indefatigable research of Mr. Chatto.
They were purchased at the Hague, more than thirty years since, for thirty-
three guineas, and are exceedingly curious: indeed they form a bundle of
Commonwealth tracts. All the principal persons of the time figure in some
characteristic representation, and the private scandal is also recognised in
them. Thus, Oliver is to be found under a strong conflict with Lady
Lambert; Sir Harry Mildmay solicits a citizen's wife, for which his own
corrects him; and he is also being beaten by a footboy,—which event is
alluded to in Butler's Posthumous Works. General Lambert, of whom your
pages have given some interesting information, is represented as "The
Knight of the Golden Tulip," evidently in reference to his withdrawal with a
pension to Holland, where he is known to have ardently cultivated flowers,
and to have drawn them in a very superior manner. I hope this
communication may enable me to complete my account of these cards, the
explanation of which may probably throw light upon some of the stirring
events of that extraordinary period of our history.

T. J. Pettigrew.
Saville Row.

MOVABLE METAL TYPES ANNO 1435.

A vellum MS. has lately come into my possession, containing the Service
for the Dead, Prayers, &c., with the tones for chanting, &c., in Latin,
written for a German Order, apparently about the year 1430.

This tome, which is in small 4to., is very remarkable and valuable on
account of the binding. This is red leather, stamped with double lines
forming lozenges, and powdered with additional stamps, Or, a lion, a fleur-
de-lys, an eagle, and a star. The whole is on the plain leather, without any
gilding.

But in addition hereto, a full inscription runs along each back, at top and
bottom and each side, stamped with movable metal types applied by hand,
without gold, as is done by the bookbinder to this day in blind stamping.

The legend on the first back is as follows:

At top.—"DIEZ . PUCHLEI
Continued to the right.—IST . S. . MARGRETEN .
At the bottom.—SCHUEST . ABT . ZU .
Continued to the left.—S. . KATHEREI . ZU . MUR ."

That is,—

"Diez puchlein ist schwester Margreten, sehuest abtisse zu Sankt
Katherein zu Mur."

The legend on the last back is,—

At top.—"NACH . CRIST .
Continued to the right.—GEPURT . MCCCCXXXV .
At bottom.—UVART . GEPUN
Continued to the left.—DE . DIEZ . PUCH ... K."

That is,—

"Nach Crist gepurt MCCCCXXXV uvart gepunden diez puch ... k."

The whole inscription will therefore be, in English,—

THIS BOOKLET
IS SISTER MARGARET'S,
SISTER-ABBESS AT
SAINT CATHERINE'S AT MUR.

AFTER CHRIST'S
BIRTH, 1435,
WAS BOUN-
DEN THIS BOOK ... K.

A letter or two is illegible, from the injury made by the clasp, before the last
K. Both the clasps are torn away, perhaps from their having been of some
precious metal. Has this K anything to do with Köster?

Can any particulars be given of the abbess, monastery, and town
mentioned?

Is any other specimen of movable metal types known of so early a date?

George Stephens.
Copenhagen.

PORTRAITS AT BRICKWALL HOUSE.

Among the pictures at Brickwall House, Northiam, Sussex, are the
following portraits by artists whose names are not mentioned either in
Bryan, or Pilkington, or Horace Walpole's notices of painters. I shall be
thankful for any information respecting them.

1. A full-length portrait in oils (small size) on canvas (29 inches by 24)
of a gentleman seated, dressed in a handsome loose gown, red slippers,
and on his head a handsome, but very peculiar velvet cap; on the

ground, near him, a squirrel; and on a table by his side, a ground plan
of some fortification. "John Sommer pinxit, 1700."

N. B.—The late Capt. Marryatt, and subsequently another gentleman,
guessed it to be a portrait of Wortley Montague from the peculiar dress; but
the fortification would seem to indicate a military personage. The picture is
well painted.

2. A half-length portrait in oils (small size) on canvas (20-1/2 inches by
17), of an old lady seated; a landscape in the background. A highly
finished and excellent picture; the lace in her cap is most elaborate. "T.
Vander Wilt, 1701."

N. B.—I conclude this is the artist's name, though possibly it may be the
subject's.

3. A pair of portraits (Kit Kat size), of John Knight of Slapton,
Northamptonshire, aged seventy-two; and Catherine his wife, aged
thirty-seven. "Lucas Whittonus pinxit, 1736."

N. B.—Inferior portraits by some provincial artist. I conclude Lucas is the
surname, and Whittonus indicates his locality; if so, what place?

Whilst on this subject, I would add another Query respecting a picture in
this house: a very highly finished portrait (small size) by Terburgh, of a
gentleman standing, in black gown, long brown wig, and a book on a table
by him. "Andries de Græff. Obiit lxxiii., MDCLXXIIII."

Can you tell me anything about this old gentleman?

T. F.

Minor Queries.

Christian Names.—Can any of your correspondents inform me when it
became a common practice to have more than one Christian name? Lord
Coke says (Co. Litt. 3 a):

"And regularly it is requisite that the purchaser be named by the name
of baptism and his surname, and that special heed be taken to the name
of baptism; for that a man cannot have two names of baptism as he
may have divers surnames."

And further on he says:

"If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after, at his
confirmation by the bishop, he is named John, he may purchase by the
name of his confirmation.... And this doth agree with our ancient
books, where it is holden that a man may have divers names at divers
times, but not divers Christian names."

It appears, then, that during the first half of the seventeenth century a man
could not have two Christian names.

Also, at what period did the custom arise of using as Christian names words
which are properly surnames?

Ericas.

Lake of Geneva.—The chronicler Marius (in the second volume of Dom
Bouquet) mentions that, in the reign of the sons of Clotaire, an earthquake
or landslip, in the valley of the Upper Rhone, enlarged the Lemannus, or
Genevese Lake, by thirty miles of length and twenty of breadth, destroying
towns and villages. Montfaucon, in his Monumens de la Monarchie, i. p.
63., states that the Lake of Geneva was formed on this occasion: absurdly,
unless he means that upon this occasion its limits were extended to Geneva,
having previously terminated further east. What vestiges of this catastrophe
are now perceptible?

A. N.

Clerical Portrait.—May I request the assistance of "N. & Q." in
discovering the name of a reverend person whose portrait I have recently
met with in my parish? The individual from whom I procured it could give
me no other history of it, but that he had bought it at the sale of the effects
of a respectable pawnbroker in the village many years ago.

Afterwards I learned from another resident in the parish that he well
remembered visiting the shop of the same broker, in company with another
gentleman still living, when this identical portrait was the subject of
conversation, and the broker went into his private room and brought out a
book, conceived to be a magazine, from which he read a description of the
person of whom this was the portrait, to the following effect, viz., "That he
was born of obscure parentage in the parish of Glemham, Suffolk; that he
was sent to school, and afterwards became a great man and a dignitary of
the church, if not a bishop; and became so wealthy that he gave a large sum
for the repairs of Norwich Cathedral."

These are the only particulars which I have yet ascertained as to the portrait,
for neither of the gentlemen who were present at this transaction with the
broker, though they agree in the circumstances which I have above narrated,
can remember the name of my great unknown.

I look, however, with confidence to the wide range of your correspondents,
and hope to receive some clue which may guide me to the wished-for
discovery.

The portrait is an oil painting, a fine full florid face, with a long wig of
black curly hair resting on the shoulders, gown and band, date probably
from Queen Anne to George II.

J. T. A.

Arms: Battle-axe.—With some quarterings of Welsh arms in Bisham
(Marlow) of Hobey, is one of three battle-axes. The same appear near
Denbigh, supposed taken in with a L. R. from Vaughan. Query, What family
or families bore three battle-axes?

A. C.

Bullinger's Sermons.—Will some of your correspondents kindly give me
some information regarding a volume of sermons by Henry Bullinger,
which I have reason to believe is of rather rare occurrence? It is Festorum
dierum Domini et Servatoris nostri Jesu Christi Sermones Ecclesiastici:
Heinrycho Bullingero, Authore. There is a vignette, short preface (on title-

page), with a Scripture motto, Matt. xvii. Date is, "Tiguri apud Christoph.
Froschoverum a. MDLVIII." I believe there is a copy in the University
Library, Cambridge.

Enivri.
Monkstown, Dublin.

Gibbon's Library.—Matthews, in his Diary of an Invalid, says, when
visiting Gibbon's house at Lausanne, "His library still remains; but it is
buried and lost to the world. It is the property of Mr. Beckford, and lies
locked up in an uninhabited house at Lausanne" (1st edit. 1820, p. 319.).
This was written about 1817. Was the library ever transferred to Fonthill or
to Bath, or does it still remain at Lausanne?

J. H. M.

Dr. Timothy Bright.—Can any of your correspondents inform me whether
this gentleman, author of a Treatise on Melancholy, an edition of Fox's
Martyrs, &c., was an ancestor of the Rev. Henry Bright, prebend of
Worcester Cathedral, and instructor of Samuel Butler, author of Hudibras?

H. A. B.

Townley MSS.—I request to know, where are the Townley MSS.? A They
are quoted by Nicolas in the Scope and Grosvenor Rolls? Also, where are
the MSS. often referred to in the History of the House of Yvery as then
penes the Earl of Egmont; and also a folio of Pedigrees by Camden Russet?

H. T. Ellacombe.
A [For a notice of the Townley MSS., see "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 103.](return)

Order of St. John of Jerusalem.—1. Who were the members of the British
Language of St. John of Jerusalem, when Elizabeth took away their
property?

2. What members of the British Language were present when, in 1546, the
English commander Upton attacked and defeated the famous Corsair

Dragut at Tarschien in Malta? Also, what members of it were present when
the Chevalier Repton, Grand Prior of England in 1551, was killed, after
signally defeating the Turks in another attack which they made on the
island?

3. What became of the records of the Language?

N.B.—Some of them, belonging to the Irish branch of it, were lately bought
of a Jew by a private gentleman in the Grand Duchy of Baden. They are
supposed to have been deposited for security at Heidersheim near Fribourg,
which was the chief seat of the German Language of the Order.

R. L. P.
Wartensee, Lake of Constance.

Consecrated Roses, Swords, &c.—Where will any account be found of the
origin of the custom, which has long prevailed at Rome, of the Pope's
blessing, on the eve at certain festivals, roses and other articles, and which
were afterwards frequently presented to sovereigns and potentates as tokens
of friendship and amity?

G.

West, Kipling, and Millbourne.—In 1752 there was a firm of West and
Kipling in Holborn: the Christian name of West was Thomas; and there is
reason to believe that he had two sons, Francis and Thomas. A George
Millbourne, Esq., of Spring Gardens, married a cousin of Thomas West, the
partner of Kipling: these facts are referred to in the will of a lady proved
A.D. 1764. Can any reader of "N. & Q." furnish me with materials or
references from which I may gather information of these families of West
and Millbourne? The smallest contribution will be thankfully received by

F. S.

Font Inscriptions.—I would request the favour of any such of ancient date.
A collection of them would be interesting. I can give three.

At Lullington, Somerset, on a Norman font, in characters of that date:

"In hoc Fontu sacro pereunt delicta lavacro."

At Bourn, Lincoln:

"Sup ome nom I H C est nom qde."

At Melton Mowbray:

"Sancta Trinitas misere nobis."

H. T. Ellacombe.

Welsh Genealogical Queries.—Can John ap William ap John (Vol. vii., p.
292.), or some other reader, enlighten me as to who the following
personages were, or where a pedigree of them is to be found:

1. Gwladys, da. of Ithel ap Rhys ap Morgan, of Ewias ap Morgan Hîr
ap Testyn ap Gwrgant, of 4th royal tribe, who ma. Madog ap Griffith.
—Burke's Landed Gentry, "Hughes of Gwerclas."
2. Beatrix, da. of Eignion ap David ap Myles ap Griffith ap Owen, lord
of Bromfield; and Honet ap Jago ap Ydwall, prince of Wales, who ma.
William Belward, baron of Malpas.
3. Gwernwy, cousin of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, called prince of the 14th
royal tribe, whose grand-da. Hunydd ma. Meredith ap Bleddyn.—V.
Burke, as above.
4. Gwentlian, wife of the above Gwernwy, da. of Rhys ap Morgan.
5. Griffin, son of Wenovewyn, whose da. ma. Fulke Fitzwarine, a
baron, 1295—1314.—V. Burke's Extinct Peerage.
6. Gladys, da. of Rygwallon, prince of Wales, said by Sir Wm. Segar to
be wife of Walter FitzOther, ancestor of Lords Windsor; and what
authority is there for this match?—V. Collins, &c.

As these Queries are not of general interest, I inclose a stamped envelope
for the answers.

E. H. Y.

The Butler and his Man William.—These mythological personages, the
grotesque creation of Mr. Grosvenor Bedford's fertile imagination, are
frequently referred to and dilated on in the letters addressed to him by
Southey (Life of Southey, by his Son, vol. ii. p. 335., &c.), when urging Mr.
Bedford to write a Pantagruelian romance on their lives and adventures,
which however was never accomplished. What therefore is the meaning of
the following paragraph, which appears at the conclusion of the review of
volume ii. of Southey's Life, contained in the Gent.'s Mag. for April, 1850,
p. 359.?

"We will only add, that with respect to the Butler mentioned at p. 335.,
the editor seems but imperfectly informed. His portrait, and that of his
man William, are now hanging on the walls of our study. His Life is on
our table. He himself has long since returned to the 'august abode' from
which he came."

J. M. B.
Tunbridge Wells.

Longhi's Portraits of Guidiccioni.—The Count Alessandro Cappi of
Ravenna is about to publish an elaborate life of his fellow-townsman Luca
Longhi, with very copious illustrations from that painter's works.

He has ransacked Italy in vain for a portrait of Monsignor Giovanni
Guidiccioni, President of Romagna, painted by Luca Longhi in 1540. This
portrait possesses more than ordinary interest, since (to use the words of
Armenini, author of Veri Precetti della Pittura) "fu predicato per
maraviglioso in Roma da Michelangelo Buonarrotti." Count Cappi,
supposing that the picture may have found its way to England, hopes by the
publication of this notice to discover its whereabouts. Any correspondent
who shall be kind enough to furnish him, through this journal, with the
desired information, may be assured of his "più vera riconoscenza."

W. G. C.

Sir George Carr.—Wanted, pedigree and arms, wife's name and family, of
Sir George Carr, who was joint clerk of the council of Munster from 1620
to 1663, or thereabouts. Sir George had two sons at least, William and

Thomas; William was alive in 1673. Whom did he marry, and what family
had he?

Y. S. M.
Dublin.

Dean Pratt.—Dr. Hessey will feel obliged to any reader of "N. & Q." who
can answer the following questions.

At what College of what University did Dr. Samuel Pratt, Dean of
Rochester, receive his education, and by whom was he ordained?

He was born in 1658, left Merchant Taylors' school (where he passed his
early years) in 1677, and was created D.D. by royal mandate, at Cambridge,
in 1697, but no college is attached to his name in the list of Cambridge
graduates. Still, if he was of neither university, it seems difficult to account
for his having had the successive preferments of Chaplain to the Princess of
Denmark, Almoner to the Duke of Gloucester, Clerk of the Closet to the
Queen, and in 1706 Dean of Rochester. He died in 1728, aged seventy-one.

Merchant Taylors'.

Portrait of Franklin.—I have heard of a story to the effect that when
Franklin left England, he presented a portrait of himself, by West, to
Thurlow. I am exceedingly anxious to know if there is any foundation for
this, as during the last week I saw in a shop near the chapel here, a portrait
of the philosopher which I rather suspect to be the one alluded to.

H. G. D.
Knightsbridge.

"Enquiry into the State of the Union."—A book of much importance has
fallen into my hands, entitled—

"An Enquiry into the State of the Union of Great Britain. The past and
present State of the public Revenues. By the Wednesday's Club in
Friday Street. London: printed for A. and W. Bell, at the Cross Keys,
Cornhill; J. Watts, in Bow Street, Covent Garden: and sold by B.

Barker and C. King, in Westminster Hall; W. Mears and J. Brown,
without Temple Bar; and W. Taylor, in Paternoster Row. 1717."

Can any of your correspondents throw a light upon this Wednesday's Club,
in Friday Street? Was it a real club or fictitious?

By so doing you would greatly oblige me, and afford important information
to this office.

James A. Davies.
National Debt Office.

Minor Queries with Answers.

Bishop of Oxford in 1164.—Among the names of the bishops who signed
the Constitutions of Clarendon I see "Bartholomeus Oxoniensis Episcopus."
How is this signature accounted for? There are no other signatures of
suffragan or inferior bishops attached.

W. Fraser.
Tor-Mohun.
[Clearly a misprint for Bartholomeus Exoniensis Episcopus, the celebrated
Bartholomew Iscanus, the opponent of Thomas à Becket. Our correspondent
should have given the title of the work where he found the signatures, as they are
not appended to the "Constitutions" in Matthew Paris, Spelman, or Wilkins.]

Roman Inscription found at Battle Bridge.—I shall be very much obliged if
any one of your numerous readers or correspondents will be so kind as to
furnish me with an authentic copy of the inscription on the Roman stone
which in July 1842 was found at Battle Bridge, St. Pancras, and also state
where the original stone is to be seen. The account of the discovery of the
stone is mentioned in a paragraph which appeared in The Times newspaper
of the 30th July, 1842, in the following manner:

"Antiquities discovered.—A Roman inscription has within these few
days past been discovered at Battle Bridge, otherwise, by an absurd
change of denomination, known as King's Cross, New Road, St.
Pancras. This discovery appears fully to justify the conjectures of

Stukeley and other antiquaries, that the great battle between the
Britons under Boadicea and the Romans under Suetonius Paulinus
took place at this spot. Faithful tradition, in the absence of all decisive
evidence, still pointed to the place by the appellation of Battle Bridge.
The inscription, which in parts is much obliterated, bears distinctly the
letters 'LEG. XX.' The writer of this notice has not yet had an opportunity
personally to examine it, but speaks from the information of an
antiquarian friend. The twentieth legion, it is well known, was one of
the four which came into Britain in the reign of Claudius, and
contributed to its subjugation: the vexillation of this legion was in the
army of Suetonius Paulinus when he made that victorious stand in a
fortified pass, with a forest in his rear, against the insurgent Britons.
The position is sketched by Tacitus, and antiquaries well know that on
the high ground above Battle Bridge there are vestiges of Roman
works, and that the tract of land to the north was formerly a forest. The
veracity of the following passage of Tacitus is therefore fully
confirmed:—'Deligitque locum artis faucibus, et a tergo sylva
clausum; satis cognito, nihil hostium, nisi in fronte, et apertam
planitiem esse, sine metu insidiarum.' He further tells us that the force
of Suetonius was composed of 'Quartadecima legio cum vexillariis
vicessimariis et e proximis auxiliares.'"

S. R.
[A sketch of this fragment of stone, discovered by Mr. E. B. Price, is given in the
Gentleman's Magazine for August, 1842, p. 144.]

Blow-shoppes.—

"Wild bores, bulls, and falcons bredde there in times paste; now, for
lakke of woodde, blow-shoppes decay there."—Leland's Itin., Hearne's
edit., vol. vii. p. 42.

What is the meaning of blow-shoppe?

J. B.
[Leland appears to refer to blacksmiths' forges, which decayed for lack of wood.]

Bishop Hesketh (Vol. vii., p 209.).—There is evidently an error in your note
respecting the death of Bishop Hesketh, but it is one common to all the lists
of Manx bishops to which I have access. You state that he died in 1510: it is
certain that he was living in 1520.

He was a son of Robert Hesketh, of Rufford, co. Lanc., and his brother
Richard Hesketh, "learned in the lawe," and who is stated by Kimber to
have been Attorney-General to King Hen. VIII., by his will, dated 15th
August, 1520, appointed his "trusty brethren Hugh, bishopp of Manne, and
Thomas Hesketh, esquier," executors, and proceeded:

"I wyll that the said Bishopp shall haue a goblett of syluer wt a couir,
and my said brothir Thomas to haue a pouncid bool of syluer, a
counterpoynt, and a cordyn gemnete bedde wt the hangings, a paire of
fustyan blanketts, and a paire of shetys, and a fether bedde that lyeth
uppon the same bedde, for their labours."

So that the vacancy, if there really was any, between his death and the
consecration of Bishop Stanley, is much less than is generally supposed.

H. A.
[Our authority for the date of Bishop Hesketh's death was Bishop Hildesley's
MS. list of the Manx bishops, which he presented to the British Museum, and
which appears to have been carefully compiled. His words are, "Huan Hesketh
died 1510, and was buried in his cathedral of St. Germans in Peel." It is clear,
however, there is an error somewhere, which did not escape the notice of
William Cole, the Cambridge antiquary; for in his MS. Collections, vol. xxvi. p.
24., he has the following entry:—"Huan Hesketh was living 13 Henry VIII.,
1531, at which time Thomas Earl of Derby appointed, among others, Sir Hugh
Hesketh, Bishop of Man, to be one of his executors. (See Collins's Peerage, vol.
ii. p. 33.) Wolsey was appointed supervisor of the will, and is in it called Lord
Chancellor: he was so made 1516, which proves that he was alive after 1510.
The will of Richard Hesketh, Esq.—to be buried in his chapel at Rufford:
executors, Hugh Hesketh, Bishop of Man, his brother; and Thomas Hesketh,
Esq.—was proved Nov. 13, 1520. (In Reg. Manwaring, 3.) He continued bishop,
I presume, forty-three years, from 1487 to 1530. It is plain he was so thirty-four
years."]

Form of Prayer for Prisoners.—

"It is not, perhaps, generally known, that we have a form of prayer for
prisoners, which is printed in the Irish Common Prayer-Book, though
not in ours. Mrs. Berkeley, in whose preface of prefaces to her son's
poems I first saw this mentioned, regrets the omission; observing, that
the very fine prayer for those under sentence of death, might, being
read by the children of the poor, at least keep them from the gallows.
The remark is just."—Southey's Omniana, vol. i. p. 50.

What Irish Common Prayer-Book is here meant? I have the books issued by
the late Ecclesiastical History Society, but do not see the service among
them. Could the prayer referred to be transferred to "N. & Q.;" or where is
the said Irish Prayer-Book to be found?

Thomas Lawrence.
Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
[The Book of Common Prayer according to the use of the Church of Ireland, we
believe, may frequently be met with. An edition in folio, 1740, is in the British
Museum, containing "The Form of Prayer for the Visitation of Prisoners, treated
upon by the Archbishops and Bishops, and the rest of the Clergy of Ireland, and
agreed upon by Her Majesty's License in their Synod, holden at Dublin in the
Year 1711." We are inclined to think that Mrs. Berkeley must have intended its
beautiful exhortation—not the prayer—for the use of the poor. See "N. & Q.,"
Vol. vi., p. 246.]

Replies.
EDMUND SPENSER, AND SPENSERS, OR SPENCERS, OF
HURSTWOOD.

(Vol. vii., pp. 303. 362.)

Without entering on the question as to possible connexion of the poet with
the family above mentioned, the discussion may be simplified by solving a
difficulty suggested by Cliviger (p. 362.), arising from Hurstwood Hall
(another estate in Hurstwood) having been possessed by Townley, and by
explaining, 1st, The identity of the tenement once owned by Spencers;
2ndly, The seeming cause of Whitaker's silence; and, 3rdly, The certainty of
possession by the Spencers.

I. The former estate of the Spencers in Hurstwood is a tenement which was
purchased by the late Rev. John Hargreaves from the representatives of
William Ormerod, of Foxstones, in Cliviger, in 1803, and which had been
conveyed in 1690, by John Spencer, then of Marsden, to Oliver Ormerod of
Hurstwood, and his son Laurence; the former of these being youngest son,
by a second marriage, of Peter Ormerod of Ormerod, and co-executor of his
will in 1650. So much for the locality.

II. As for Dr. Whitaker's silence, I know, from correspondence with him
(1808-1816), that, from an irregularity in the Prerogative Office, he was not
aware of this will, and uninformed as to this second marriage, or the
connexion of this purchaser's family with the parent house; and I think it as
probable that he was as unaware of the ancient possession of the purchased
tenement by Spencers, as it is certain that this theory as to the connexion of
the poet with it was then unknown. If otherwise, he would doubtless have
extended his scale, and included it.

III. As to the certainty of possession by Spencers, I have brief extracts from
deeds as to this tenement as follows:—

1677. Indenture of covenants for a fine, between John Spencer the elder,
and Oliver Ormerod of Cliviger, and note of fine.

1687. Will of same John Spencer, late of Hurstwood, mentioning
possession of this tenement as the inheritance of his great-grandfather,
Edmund Spencer.

1689. Family arrangements of John Spencer (the son) as to same tenement,
then in occupation of "Oliver Ormeroyde" before mentioned.

1690. Conveyance from John Spencer to O. and L. O., as before mentioned.

In Gentleman's Magazine, August, 1842 (pp. 141, 142.), will be found
numerous notices of these Spencers or Spensers, with identified localities
from registers.

I think that this explanation will solve the difficulty suggested by Cliviger.
On the main question I have not grounds sufficient for an opinion, but add a
reference to Gentleman's Magazine, March, 1848, p. 286., for a general
objection by Mr. Crossley, President of the Chetham Society, who is well
acquainted with the locality.

Lancastriensis.

I was about to address some photographic Queries to the correspondents of
"N. & Q." when a note caught my attention relating to Edmund Spenser (in
the Number dated March 26.). The Mr. F. F. Spenser mentioned therein was
related to me, being my late father's half-brother. I regret to say that he died
very suddenly at Manchester, Nov. 2, 1852. During his lifetime, he took
much pains to clear up the doubts about the locality of the poet's retirement,
and his relatives in the North; and has made out a very clear case, I imagine.
On a visit to Yorkshire in 1851, I spent a few days with him, and took
occasion to urge the necessity of arranging the mass of information he had
accumulated on the subject; which I have no doubt he would have done,
had not his sudden death occurred to prevent it. These facts may be of some
interest to biographers of the poet, and with this object I have ventured to
trouble you with this communication.

J. B. Spencer.
11. Montpellier Road, Blackheath.

THROWING OLD SHOES FOR LUCK.

(Vol. ii., p. 196.; Vol. v., p. 413.; Vol. vii., pp. 193. 288.)

I do not know whether you will permit me to occupy a small portion of your
valuable space in an attempt to suggest an origin of the custom of throwing
an old shoe after a newly married bride.

Your correspondents assume that the old shoe was thrown after the bride for
luck, and for luck only. I doubt whether it was so in its origin.

Among barbarous nations, all transfers of property, all assertions and
relinquishments of rights of dominion, were marked by some external
ceremony or rite; by which, in the absence of written documents, the
memory of the vulgar might be impressed. When, among Scandinavian
nations, land was bought or sold, a turf was delivered by the trader to the
purchaser: and among the Jews, and probably among other oriental nations,
a shoe answered the same purpose.

In Psalm lx., beginning with "O God, thou hast cast me off," there occurs
the phrase, "Moab is my washpot, over Edom have I cast out my shoe."
Immediately after it occurs the exclamation, "O God! who has cast us off!"
A similar passage occurs in Psalm cix.

By this passage I understand the Psalmist to mean, that God would
thoroughly cast off Edom, and cease to aid him in war or peace. This
interpretation is consistent with the whole tenor of the Psalm.

The receiving of a shoe was an evidence and symbol of asserting or
accepting dominion or ownership; the giving back a shoe, the symbol of
rejecting or resigning it.

Among the Jews, the brother of a childless man was bound to marry his
widow: or, at least, he "had the refusal of her," and the lady could not marry

again till her husband's brother had formally rejected her. The ceremony by
which this rejection was performed took place in open court, and is
mentioned in Deut. xxv. If the brother publicly refused her, "she loosed his
shoe from off his foot, and spat in his face;" or, as great Hebraists translate
it, "spat before his face." His giving up the shoe was a symbol that he
abandoned all dominion over her; and her spitting before him was a
defiance, and an assertion of independence. This construction is in
accordance with the opinions of Michaelis, as stated in his Laws of Moses,
vol. ii. p. 31.

This practice is still further illustrated by the story of Ruth. Her nearest
kinsman refused to marry her, and to redeem her inheritance: he was
publicly called on so to do by Boaz, and as publicly refused. And the Bible
adds, "as it was the custom in Israel concerning changing, that a man
plucked off his shoe and delivered it to his neighbour," the kinsman plucked
off his shoe and delivered it to Boaz as a public renunciation of Ruth, of all
dominion over her, and of his right of pre-marriage.

These ceremonies were evidently not unknown to the early Christians.
When the Emperor Wladimir made proposals of marriage to the daughter of
Raguald, she refused him, saying, "That she would not take off her shoe to
the son of a slave."

There is a passage in Gregory of Tours (c. 20.) where, speaking of
espousals, he says, "The bridegroom having given a ring to the fiancée,
presents her with a shoe."

From Michelet's Life of Luther we learn, that the great reformer was at the
wedding of Jean Luffte. After supper, he conducted the bride to bed, and
told the bridegroom that, according to common custom, he ought to be
master in his own house when his wife was not there: and for a symbol, he
took off the husband's shoe, and put it upon the head of the bed—"afin qu'il
prit ainsi la domination et gouvernement."

I would suggest for the consideration of your correspondents that the
throwing a shoe after a bride was a symbol of renunciation of dominion and
authority over her by her father or guardian; and the receipt of the shoe by

the bridegroom, even if accidental, was an omen that that authority was
transferred to him.

John Thrupp.
Surbiton.

ORKNEYS IN PAWN.

(Vol. vii., pp. 105. 183.)

That the Orkney and Zetland Islands were transferred by Denmark to
Scotland in 1468, in pledge for payment of part of the dower of the Princess
of Denmark, who was married to James III., King of Scotland, under right
of redemption by Denmark, is an admitted historic fact; but it is asserted by
the Scottish, and denied by the Danish historians, that Denmark renounced
her right of redemption of these Islands. The question is fully discussed,
with references to every work and passage treating of the matter, in the first
introductory note to the edition of The General Grievances and
Oppressions of the Isles of Orkney and Shetland, published at Edinburgh,
1836. And the writer of the note is led to the conclusion that there was no
renunciation, and that Denmark still retains her right of redemption. Mr.
Samuel Laing, in his Journal of a Residence in Norway, remarks, that the
object of Torfæus' historical work, Orcades, seu Rerum Orcadensium
Historiæ libri tres, compiled by the express command of Christian V., King
of Denmark, was to vindicate the right of the Danish monarch to redeem the
mortgage of the sovereignty of these islands; and he adds, that in 1804,
Bonaparte, in a proclamation addressed to the army assembled at Boulogne
for the invasion of England, descanted on the claim of Denmark to this
portion of the British dominions. In a note he has the farther statement, that
in 1549 an assessment for paying off the sum for which Orkney and Zetland
were pledged was levied in Norway by Christian III. (Vide Laing's Norway,
1837, pp. 352, 353.) From the preceding notice, it would appear, that
Denmark never renounced her right of redemption, now merely a matter of
antiquarian curiosity. And it is pertinent to mention, that the connexion of
Orkney and Zetland was with Norway, not Denmark. I observe in the
Catalogue of MSS., in the Cottonian Library in the British Museum (Titus

C. VII. art. 71. f. 134.), "Notes on King of Denmark's Demand of the
Orcades, 1587-8," which may throw some light on the matter.

In the historical sketch given by Broctuna, Kenneth II., King of Scotland, is
said to have taken the Orkneys from the Picts A.D. 838; and that they
remained attached to that kingdom till 1099, when Donald Bain, in
recompense of aid given to him by Magnus, King of Norway, gifted all the
Scotch isles, including the Orkneys, to Norway. This is not what is
understood to be the history of Orkney.

In the middle of the ninth century, Harold Harfager, one of the reguli of
Norway, subdued the other petty rulers, and made himself king of the whole
country. The defeated party fled to Orkney, and other islands of the west:
whence, betaking themselves to piracy, they returned to ravage the coast of
Norway. Harold pursued them to their places of refuge, and conquered and
colonised Orkney about A.D. 875. The Norwegians at that time destroyed or
expelled the race then inhabiting these islands. They are supposed to have
been Picts, and to have received Christianity at an earlier date, but it is
doubtful if there were Christians in Orkney at that period: however,
Depping says expressly, that Earl Segurd, the second Norwegian earl,
expelled the Christians from these isles. I may remark, that the names of
places in Orkney and Zetland are Norse, and bear descriptive and applicable
meanings in that tongue; but hesitate to extend these names beyond the
Norwegian colonisation, and to connect them with the Picts or other earlier
inhabitants. No argument can be founded on the rude and miserable
subterraneous buildings called Picts' houses, which, if they ever were
habitations, or anything else than places of refuge, must have belonged to a
people in a very low grade of civilisation. Be this as it may, Orkney and
Zetland remained under the Norwegian dominion from the time of Harold
Harfager till they were transferred to Scotland by the marriage treaty in
1468, a period of about six hundred years. What cannot easily be accounted
for, is the discovery of two Orkney and Zetland deeds of the beginning of
the fifteenth century prior to the transfer, written not in Norse, but in the
Scottish language.

R. W.

HOGARTH'S PICTURES.

(Vol. vii., p. 339.)

The numerous and interesting inquiries of An Amateur respecting a
catalogue of Hogarth's works has brought to my recollection the discovery
of one of them, which I was so fortunate as to see in its original situation.
About the year 1815 I was invited by a friend, who was an artist, to visit a
small public-house in Leadenhall Street, to see a picture by Hogarth: it was
"The Elephant," since, I believe, pulled down, being in a ruinous condition.
In the tap-room, on the wall, almost obscured by the dirt and smoke, and
grimed by the rubbing of numberless foul jackets, was an indisputable
picture by the renowned Hogarth. It represented the meeting of the
committee of the South Sea Company, and doubtless the figures were all
portraits. It was painted in his roughest manner; but every head was
stamped with that character for which he stood unrivalled. I have since
heard that, when the house was pulled down, this picture was sold as one of
the lots, in the sale of furniture, and bought by a dealer. It was painted on
the wall, like a fresco; and how to remove it was the difficulty. On sounding
the wall it was found to be lath and plaster, with timber framework (the
usual style of building in the reign of Elizabeth). It was therefore
determined to cut it out in substance, which was accordingly performed;
and by the help of chisels, thin crowbars, and other instruments, it was
safely detached. The plaster was then removed from the back down to the
priming, and the picture was backed with strong canvas. It was then cleaned
from all its defilement, and, on being offered for sale at a good price, was
bought by a nobleman, whose name I have not heard, and is now in his
collection.

I do not know whether your correspondent has heard of Hogarth's portrait
of Fielding. The story, as I have heard or read it, is as follows:—Hogarth
and Garrick sitting together after dinner, Hogarth was lamenting there was
no portrait of Fielding, when Garrick said, "I think I can make his
face."—"Pray, try my dear Davy," said the other. Garrick then made the
attempt, and so well did he succeed, that Hogarth immediately caught the
likeness, and exclaimed with exultation, "Now I have him: keep still, my
dear Davy." To work he went with pen and ink, and the likeness was

finished by their mutual recollections. This sketch has been engraved from
the original drawing, and is preserved among several original drawings and
prints in the illustrated copy of Lysons's Environs, vol. i. p. 544., in the
King's Library, British Museum.

While I am writing about unnoticed pictures by what may be called erratic
artists, I may mention that in the parlour of the "King's Head," corner of
New Road and Hampstead Road, on the panel of a cupboard, is a half-
length of a farmer's boy, most probably the work of G. Morland, who
visited this house on his way to Hampstead, and probably paid his score by
painting this picture; which is well known to have been his usual way of
paying such debts.

E. G. Ballard.

Agreeably to the suggestion of An Amateur, I beg to send you the
following list of pictures, from a catalogue in my possession:

Catalogue of the Pictures and Prints, the property of the late Mrs.
Hogarth, deceased, sold by Mr. Greenwood, the Golden Head,
Leicester Square, Saturday, April 24, 1790.

Pictures by Mr. Hogarth.

41. Two portraits of Ann and Mary Hogarth.
42. A daughter of Mr. Rich the comedian, finely coloured.
43. The original portrait of Sir James Thornhill.
44. The heads of six servants of Mr. Hogarth's family.
45. His own portrait—a head.
46. A ditto—a whole-length painting.
47. A ditto, Kit Kat, with the favourite dog, exceeding fine.
48. Two portraits of Lady Thornhill and Mrs. Hogarth.
49. The first sketch of the Rake's Progress.
50. A ditto of the altar of Bristol Church.
51. The Shrimp Girl—a sketch.
52. Sigismunda.
53. A historical sketch, by Sir James Thornhill.
54. Two sketches of Lady Pembroke and Mr. John Thornhill.

55. Three old pictures.
56. The bust of Sir Isaac Newton, terra cotta.
57. Ditto of Mr. Hogarth, by Roubilliac.
58. Ditto of the favourite dog, and cast of Mr. Hogarth's hand.

W. D. Haggard.

PHANTOM BELLS AND LOST CHURCHES.

(Vol. vii., pp. 128. 200. 328.)

In a little brochure entitled Christmas, its History and Antiquity, published
by Slater, London, 1850, the writer says that—

"In Berkshire it is confidently asserted, that if any one watches on
Christmas Eve he will hear subterranean bells; and in the mining
districts the workmen declare that at this sacred season high mass is
performed with the greatest solemnity on that evening in the mine
which contains the most valuable lobe of ore, which is supernaturally
lighted up with candles in the most brilliant manner, and the service
changed by unseen choristers."—P. 46.

The poet Uhland has a beautiful poem entitled Die Verlorne Kirche. Lord
Lindsay says:

"I subjoin, in illustration of the symbolism, and the peculiar emotions
born of Gothic architecture, The Lost Church of the poet Uhland,
founded, I apprehend, on an ancient tradition of the Sinaitic
peninsula."—Sketches of Christian Art.

I give the first stanza of his translation:

"Oft in the forest far one hears
A passing sound of distant bells;
Nor legends old, nor human wit,
Can tell us whence the music swells.
From the Lost Church 'tis thought that soft

Faint ringing cometh on the wind:
Once many pilgrims trod the path,
But no one now the way can find."

See also Das Versunkene Kloster, by the same sweet poet, commencing:

"Ein Kloster ist versunken
Tief in den wilden See."

After Port Royal (in the West Indies) was submerged, at the close of the
seventeenth century, sailors in those parts for many years had stories of
anchoring in the chimneys and steeples, and would declare they heard the
church bells ringing beneath the water, agitated by the waves or spirits of
the deep.

The case of the Round Towers seen in Lough Neagh, I need not bring
forward, as no sound of bells has ever been heard from them.

There is one lost church so famous as to occur to the mind of every reader, I
mean that of the Ten Tribes of Israel. After the lapse of thousands of years,
we have here an historical problem, which time, perhaps, will never solve.
We have a less famous, but still most interesting, instance of a lost church in
Greenland. Soon after the introduction of Christianity, about the year 1000,
a number of churches and a monastery were erected along the east coast of
Greenland, and a bishop was ordained for the spiritual guidance of the
colony. For some four hundred years an intercourse was maintained
between this colony and Norway and Denmark. In the year 1406 the last
bishop was sent over to Greenland. Since then the colony has not been
heard of. Many have been the attempts to recover this lost church of East
Greenland, but hitherto in vain.

I could send you a Note on a cognate subject, but I fear it would occupy too
much of your space,—that of Happy Isles, or Islands of the Blessed. The
tradition respecting these happy isles is very wide-spread, and obtains
amongst nearly every nation of the globe; it is, perhaps, a relic of a
primeval tradition of Eden. Some have caught glimpses of these isles, and
some more favoured mortals have even landed, and returned again with
senses dazzled at the ravishing sights they have seen. But in every case after

these rare favours, these mystic lands have remained invisible as before,
and the way to them has been sought for in vain. Such are the tales told with
reverent earnestness, and listened to with breathless interest, not only by the
Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans of old, but by the Irishman, the Welshman,
the Hindoo, and the Red Indian of to-day.

Eirionnach.

PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.

Photographic Collodion (Vol. vii., p. 314.).—In a former communication I
pointed out the wide differences in the various manipulations prescribed for
making the photographic gun cotton by several photographers: differences
most perplexing to persons of small leisure, and who are likely to lose half
the opportunities of a photographic season, whilst puzzling over these
diversities of proceeding. Suffer me now to entreat some one to whom all
may look up (perhaps your kind and experienced correspondent Dr.
Diamond will do this service, so valuable to young photographers) to clear
up the differences I will now "make a note of," viz. as to the amount of dry
photographic gun cotton to be used in forming the prepared collodion.

On comparing various authors, and reducing their directions to a standard
of one ounce of ether, I find the following differences: viz., Dr. Diamond
(Vol. vi., p. 277.) prescribes about three grains of gun cotton; Mr. Hennah
(Directions, &c., p. 5.) about seven grains; the Count de Montizon (Journ.
of Phot. Soc., p. 23.) eight grains; whilst Mr. Bingham (Supplement to Phot.
Manip., p. 2.) directs about thirty-four grains! in each case to a single ounce
of ether.

These differences are too wide to come within even Mr. Archer's "long
range," that "the proportions ... must depend entirely upon the strength and
the thickness required ... the skill of the operator and the season of the
year." (Archer's Manual, p. 17.)

Cokely.

Filtering Collodion.—Count de Montizon, in his valuable paper on the
collodion process, published in the second number of the Journal of the
Photographic Society, objects to filtration on the ground that the silver
solution is often injured by impurities contained in the paper. It may be
worth while to state, that lime, and other impurities, may be removed by
soaking the filter for a day or two, before it is used, in water acidulated with
nitric acid; after which it should be washed with hot water and dried.

T. D. Eaton.

Photographic Notes (Vol. vii., p. 363.).—I wish to correct an error in my
communication in "N. & Q." of April 9: in speaking of "a more even film," I
meant a film more evenly sensitive. I am sorry I have misled Mr. Shadbolt
as to my meaning. I have very rarely any "spottings" in my pictures; but I
always drop the plates once or twice into the bath, after the two minutes'
immersion, to wash off any loose particles. I also drain off all I can of the
nitrate of silver solution before placing the glass in the camera, and for
three reasons:—1. Because it saves material; 2. Because the lower part of
dark frame is kept free from liquid; 3. Because a "flowing sheet" of liquid
must interfere somewhat with the passage of light to the film, and
consequently with the sharpness of the picture. I think it is clear, from Mr.
Shadbolt's directions to Mr. Meritt, that it is no very easy thing to cement
a glass bath with marine glue.

J. L. Sisson.

Colouring Collodion Pictures (Vol. vii., p. 388.).—In your impression of
April 16, there is a typographical error of some importance relative to
lifting the collodion in and out of the bath: "The plate, after being plunged
in, should be allowed to repose quietly from twenty to thirty minutes," &c.
This should be seconds. The error arose, in all probability, from my having
used the contractions 20" to 30".

It may appear somewhat droll for any one to answer a question on which he
has not had experience; but I beg to offer as a suggestion to Photo, that if
he wishes to use collodion pictures for the purpose of dissolving views, he
should first copy them in the camera as transparent objects so as to reverse
the light and shade, then varnish them with Dr. Diamond's solution of

amber in chloroform, when they will bear the application of transparent
colours ground in varnish, such as are used for painting magic-lantern
slides.

Geo. Shadbolt.

Gutta Percha Baths (Vol. vii., p. 314.).—In "N. & Q." for March 26, I
ventured to recommend to H. Henderson gutta percha, as a material for
nitrate of silver baths. I did this from a knowledge that hundreds of them
were in use, but chiefly because I have found them answer so well. In the
same Number the Editor gives Mr. Henderson very opposite advice; and,
had I seen his opinion before my notes appeared, I should certainly have
kept them back. But it is, I think, a matter of some importance, especially to
beginners, to have it settled, whether gutta percha has the effect of causing
"unpleasant markings" in collodion pictures or not. With all due deference
to the Editor's opinion, I do not believe that gutta percha baths are injurious
to the finished picture. I have never any markings in my glass positives
now, but what may be traced with certainty to some unevenness in the film
or dirtiness on the glass. And I hope that the number of beginners who are
using gutta percha baths, and who are troubled with these unpleasant
markings (as all beginners are, whether they use glass or gutta percha), will
not, without some very careful experiments, lay the fault upon the gutta
percha. In the Number for April 2, the Editor thanks me for what he is
pleased to call "the very beautiful specimen of my skill." This was a small
glass positive, which I sent him in accordance with an offer of mine in a
former note. Now, that was rendered sensitive in a gutta percha bath, which
I have had in use for months; and I think I may appeal to the Editor as to the
absence of all unpleasant markings in it. Probably it may be a good plan for
those who make the baths for themselves to adopt the following simple
method of cleaning them at first. Fill the bath with water, changing it every
day for a week or so. Then wash it with strong nitric acid, and wash once or
twice afterwards. Always keep the nitrate of silver solution in the bath, with
a cover over it. Never filter, unless there is a great deal of extraneous matter
at the bottom. If glass baths are used, cemented together with sealing-wax,
&c., I imagine they might be as objectionable as gutta percha. The number
of inquiries for a diagram of my head-rest, &c., from all parts of the
kingdom—Glasgow, Paisley, Manchester, Leicester, Leeds, Newcastle,

Durham, &c. &c.—proves the very large number of photographic
subscribers "N. & Q." possesses. I think, therefore, it cannot but prove
useful to discuss in its pages the question of the advantage or disadvantage
of gutta percha.

J. L. Sisson.
Edingthorpe Rectory, North Walsham.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Pilgrimages to the Holy Land (Vol. v., p. 289.).—I beg to inform W. M. R.
E. (Vol. vii., p. 341.) that, though I have never met with a printed copy of
the "Itinerary to the Holy Land" of Gabriele Capodilista (the Perugia
edition of 1472, mentioned by Brunet, being undoubtedly a book of very
great rarity, and perhaps the only one ever printed), I have in my possession
a very beautiful manuscript of the work on vellum, which appears to have
been presented by the author to the nuns of St. Bernardino of Padua. It is a
small folio; and the first page is illuminated in a good Italian style of the
fifteenth century. It is very well written in the Venetian dialect, and
commences thus:

"Venerabilibus ac Devotissimis Dne Abbatissæ et Monialibus Ecclesiæ
Sancti Bernardini de Padua salute in Dno].—Ritrovandomi ne li tempi
in questa mia opereta descripti, Io Gabriel Capodelista Cavalier
Padoano dal sumo Idio inspirato et dentro al mio cor concesso fermo
proposito di vistare personalmente el Sanctissimo loco di Jerusalem,"
&c.

This MS., which was formerly in the library of the Abbati Canonici, I
purchased, with others, at Venice in 1835.

If W. M. R. E. has any wish to see it, and will communicate such wish to
me through the medium of the publisher of "N. & Q.," I shall be happy to
gratify his curiosity. I do not know whether there is any MS. of
Capodilista's Itinerary in the British Museum.

W. Sneyd.

"A Letter to a Convocation Man" (Vol vii., p. 358.).—The authorship of the
tract concerning which Mr. Fraser inquires, is assigned to Sir
Bartholomew Shower, not by the Bodleian Catalogue only, but also by Sir
Walter Scott, in his edition of the Somers' Tracts (vol. ix. p. 411.), as well as
by Dr. Watt, in his Bibliotheca Britannica. The only authorities for
ascribing it to Dr. Binckes which I have been able to discover, are Dr.
Edmund Calamy, in his Life and Times (vol. i. p. 397.), and the Rev.
Thomas Lathbury, in his History of the Convocation of the Church of
England (p. 283.); but neither of those authors gives the source from which
his information is derived: and Mr. Lathbury, who appears perfectly
unaware that the tract had ever been ascribed to Sir Bartholomew Shower, a
lawyer, remarks: "It is worthy of observation that the author of the letter
professes to be a lawyer, though such was not the case, Dr. Binckes being a
clergyman." Dr. Kennett also, in his Ecclesiastical Synods, p. 19., referred
to by Mr. Lathbury, speaking of Archbishop Wake's reply, says: "I
remember one little prejudice to it, that it was wrote by a divine, whereas
the argument required an able lawyer; and the very writer of the Letter to a
Convocation Man suggesting himself to be of that profession, there was the
greater equity, there should be the like council of one side as there had been
of the other."—It has occurred to me that the mistake of assigning the tract
to Dr. Binckes may possibly have been occasioned by the circumstance that
another tract, with the following title, published in 1701, has the initials W.
B. at the end of it,—A Letter to a Convocation Man, by a Clergyman in the
Country. I have examined both tracts, and they are quite different, and leave
no appearance of having proceeded from the same hand.

Tyro.
Dublin.

King Robert Bruce's Coffin-plate (Vol vii., p. 356.) was a modern forgery,
but not discovered to be so, of course, until after publication of the beautiful
engraving of it in the Transactions of the Scottish Society of Antiquaries,
which was made at the expense of, and presented to the Society by, the
barons of the Exchequer.

I believe that a notice of the forgery was published in a subsequent volume.

W. C. Trevelyan.

Eulenspiegel or Howleglas (Vol. vii., p. 357.).—The following extract from
my note-book may be of use:

"The German Rogue, or the Life and Merry Adventures, Cheats,
Stratagems, and Contrivances of Tiel Eulenspiegle.

'Let none Eulenspiegle's artifices blame,
For Rogues of every country are the same.'

London, printed in the year MDCCIX. The only copy of this edition I
ever saw was one which had formerly belonged to Ritson, and which I
purchased of Thomas Rodd, but afterwards relinquished to my old
friend Mr. Douce."

This copy, therefore, is no doubt now in the Bodleian. I have never heard of
any other.

While on the subject of Eulenspiegel, I would call your correspondent's
attention to some curious remarks on the Protestant and Romanist versions
of it in the Quarterly Review, vol. xxi. p. 108.

I may also take this opportunity of informing him that a very cleverly
illustrated edition of it was published by Scheible of Stuttgart in 1838, and
that a passage in the Hettlingischen Sassenchronik (Caspar Abel's
Sammlung, p. 185.), written in 1455, goes to prove that Dyll Ulnspiegel, as
the wag is styled in the Augsburgh edition of 1540, is no imaginary
personage, inasmuch as under the date of 1350 the chronicler tells of a very
grievous pestilence which raged through the whole world, and that
"dosulfest sterff Ulenspeygel to Möllen."

I am unable to answer the Query respecting Murner's visit to England. The
most complete account of his life and writings is, I believe, that prefixed by
Scheible to his edition of Murner's Narrenbeschwörung, and his satirical
dissertation Ob der König von England ein Lügner sey, oder der Luther.

William J. Thoms.

Sir Edwin Sadleir (Vol. vii., p. 357.).—Sir Edwin Sadleir, of Temple
Dinsley, in the county of Hertford, Bart., was the third son of Sir Edwin
Sadleir (created a baronet by Charles II.), by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir
Walter Walker, Knt., LL.D. His elder brothers having died in infancy, he
succeeded, on his father's death in 1672, to his honour and estates, and
subsequently married Mary, daughter and coheiress of John Lorymer,
citizen and apothecary of London, and widow of William Croone, M.D.
This lady founded the algebra lectures at Cambridge, and also lectures in
the College of Physicians and the Royal Society. (See Chauncy's Historical
Antiquities of Hertfordshire, folio edit., 397, or 8vo. edit., ii. 179, 180.;
Ward's Lives of the Gresham Professors, 322. 325.; Sir Ralph Sadler's State
Papers, ii. 610.; Weld's History of the Royal Society, i. 289.) In the Sadler
State Papers, Sir Edwin Sadleir is stated to have died 30th September, 1706:
but that was the date of Lady Sadleir's death; and, according to Ward, Sir
Edwin Sadleir survived her. He died without issue, and thereupon the
baronetcy became extinct.

C. H. Cooper.
Cambridge.

Belfry Towers separate from the Body of the Church (Vol. vii., p. 333.).—
The tower of the parish church of Llangyfelach, in Glamorganshire, is
raised at some little distance from the building. In the legends of the place,
this is accounted for by a belief that the devil, in his desire to prevent the
erection of the church, carried off a portion of it as often as it was
commenced; and that he was at length only defeated by the two parts being
built separate.

Seleucus.

In addition to the bell towers unconnected with the church, noticed in "N. &
Q." (Vol. vii., p. 333.), I beg to call the attention of J. S. A. to those of
Woburn in Bedfordshire, and Henllan in Denbighshire. The tower of the
former church stands at six yards distance from it, and is a small square
building with large buttresses and four pinnacles: it looks picturesque, from
being entirely covered with ivy. The tower, or rather the steeple, at Henllan,
near Denbigh, is still more remarkable, from its being built on the top of a

hill, and looking down upon the church, which stands in the valley at its
foot.

Cambrensis.

God's Marks (Vol. vii., p. 134.).—These are probably the "yellow spots"
frequently spoken of in old writings, as appearing on the finger-nails, the
hands, and elsewhere, before death. (See Brand's Popular Ant., vol. iii. p.
177., Bohn's edit.) In Denmark they were known under the name Döding-
knib (dead man's nips, ghost-pinches), and tokened the approaching end of
some friend or kinsman. Another Danish name was Dödninge-pletter (dead
man's spots); and in Holberg's Peder Paars (book i. song, 4.) Dödning-
knæp. See S. Aspach, Dissertatio de Variis Superstitionibus, 4to., Hafniæ,
1697, p. 7., who says they are of scorbutic origin; and F. Oldenburg, Om
Gjenfærd ellen Gjengangere, 8vo., Kjöbenhavn, 1818, p. 23.

George Stephens.
Copenhagen.

"The Whippiad" (Vol. vii., p. 393.).—The mention of The Whippiad by B.
N. C. brought to my recollection a MS. copy of that satire in this library,
and now lying before me, with the autograph of "Snelson, Trin. Coll. Oxon.,
1802." There are notes appended to this copy of the verses, and not
knowing where to look in Blackwood's Magazine for the satire, or having a
copy at hand in order to ascertain if the notes are printed there also, or
whether they are only to be found in the MS., perhaps your correspondent
B. N. C. will have the goodness to state if the printed copy has notes,
because, if there are none, I would copy out for the "N. & Q." those that are
written in the MS., as no doubt they would be found interesting and curious
by all who value whatever fell from the pen of the highly-gifted Reginald
Heber.

Perhaps the notes may be the elucidations of some college cotemporary, and
not written by Heber.

J. M.
Sir R. Taylor's Library, Oxford.

The Axe that beheaded Anne Boleyn (Vol. vii., p. 332.).—In Britton and
Brayley's Memoirs of the Tower of London, they mention (in describing the
Spanish Armoury) the axe which tradition says beheaded Anne Boleyn and
the Earl of Essex; but a foot-note is added from Stow's Chronicle, stating
that the hangman cut off the head of Anne with one stroke of his sword.

Thos. Lawrence.
Ashby-de-la-Zouch.

Palindromical Lines (Vol. vii., pp. 178. 366.).—Besides the habitats already
given for the Greek inscription on a font, I have notes of the like at Melton
Mowbray; St. Mary's, Nottingham; in the private chapel at Longley Castle;
and at Hadleigh. At this last place, it is noted in a church book to be taken
out of Gregory Nazienzen (but I never could find it), and a reference is
made to Jeremy Taylor's Great Exemplar, "Discourse on Baptism," p. 120.
sect. 17.

It may be worth noticing that this Gregory was, for a short time, in the
fourth century, bishop of Constantinople; and in the Moslemised cathedral
of St. Sophia, in that city, according to Grelot, quoted in Collier's
Dictionary, the same words—with the difference that "sin" is put in the
plural, sic:

"ΝΙΨΟΝ ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑΤΑ ΜΗ ΜΟΝΑΝ ΟΨΙΝ"—

were written in letters of gold over the place at the entrance of the church,
between two porphyry pillars, where stood two urns of marble filled with
water, the use of which, when it was a Christian temple, must be well
known. The Turks now use them for holding drinking water, and have
probably done so since the time when the church was turned into a mosque,
after the conquest of Constantinople by Mahomet II., in the fifteenth
century. What could induce Zeus (p. 366.) to call this inscription "sotadic?"
It may more fitly be called holy.

H. T. Ellacombe.
Clyst St. George.

These lines also are to be found on the marble basins for containing holy
water, in one of the churches at Paris.

W. C. Trevelyan.

The Greek inscription mentioned by Jeremy Taylor is on the font in Rufford
Church.

H. A.

Heuristisch (Vol. vii., p. 237.).—In reply to H. B. C. of the U. U. Club, I
beg to give the explanation of the word heuristisch, with its cognate terms,
from Heyse's Allgemeines Fremdwörterbuch, 10th edition, Hanover, 1848:

"Heuréka, gr. (von heuriskein, finden), ich hab' es gefunden, gefunden!
Heuristik, f. die Erfindungskunst; heuristisch, erfindungskünstlich,
erfinderisch; heuristische Methode, entwickelnde Lehrart, welche den
Schüler zum Selbstfinden der Lehrsätze anleitet."

J. M.
Oxford.

Miscellaneous.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Views of Arundel House in the Strand, 1646. London, published by
T. Thane, Rupert Street, Haymarket. 1792.
Parker's Glossary of Architecture. 2nd Edition.
Pickering's Statutes at Large. 8vo. Edit. Camb. From 46 Geo III. cap.
144. (Vol. XLVI. Part I.) to 1 Wm. IV.
European Magazine. Nos. for May, 1817; January, February, May,
June, 1818; April, June, July, October, and December, 1819.
Stanhope's Paraphrase of Epistles and Gospels. London, 1732. Vols.
III. and IV.
The Lawyer and Magistrate's Magazine, complete or single Volumes,
circa 1805-1810.
Phelp's History and Antiquities of Somersetshire. Part 4., and Parts 9.
to end.
Bayle's Dictionary. English Version, by De Maizeaux. London, 1738.
Vols. I. and II.
Swift's (Dean) Works. Dublin; G. Faulkner. 19 volumes. 1768. Vol. I.
Todd's Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology.
Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London. Vols. I. and
II.
Archæologia. Vols. III., IV., V., VIII. Boards.
Martyn's Plantæ Cantabrigienses. 12mo. London, 1763.
Abbotsford Edition of the Waverley Novels. Odd Vols.
The Truth Teller. A Periodical.
J. L. Petit's Church Architecture. 2 Vols.
R. Mant's Church Architecture considered in relation to the Mind
of the Church. 8vo. Belfast, 1840.
Cambridge Camden Society's Transactions. Vol. III.—Ellicott on
Vaulting.

Quarterly Review, 1845.
Collier's Further Vindication of his short View of the Stage. 1708.
Congreve's Amendment of Collier's false and imperfect Citations.
1698.
Bedford's Serious Reflections on the Abuses of the Stage. 8vo.
1705.

⁂ Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
their names.

⁂ Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to
Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

E. P. Schiller's Wallenstein and Ghost-Seer, Goethe's Faust, and Kant's
Philosophy, have been translated into English.

Recnac. We cannot undertake to tell our Correspondent what is the
distinction between Epic and Ballad Poetry.

Y. S. M., who writes respecting Fees for searching Parish Registers, is
referred to our 4th Vol., p. 473., and our 5th Vol., pp. 36. 207.

S. A. S. (Bridgewater). Will our Correspondent repeat his Query respecting
Loselerius Vilerius?

Quesor. Lord Bacon's History of Henry VII. was first published in 1622.

W. B. The mercury does not lose its power by use, but should when it
becomes oxydized, be strained by squeezing it through wash-leather.

Protosulph. The gilding would have been wasted. Our observations
respecting blowing on the glass apply equally when the protosulphate is
used. That developing solution will keep. Stains may be removed from the
finger by cyanide of potassium; but this must be used cautiously, as it is
very poisonous.

A few complete sets of "Notes and Queries," Vols. i. to vi., price Three
Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable.

"Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
their Subscribers on the Saturday.

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elaborate erudition which they exhibit in every page. They have this
further advantage, which it is impossible to over-estimate—that they
bring down their respective subjects to the very latest period, and
present us with the results of the most recent investigations of the

critics and antiquaries by whom they have been discussed."—Dublin
Review.

RIVINGTONS. St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.

EURIPIDIS BACCHÆ WITH ENGLISH NOTES.

Now ready, in 12mo., price 3s.

EURIPIDIS BACCHÆ, with ENGLISH NOTES, from the German of
SCHÖNE. By the REV. HENRY BROWNE, M.A., Canon of Waltham in
the Cathedral Church, and Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Chichester.
(Forming a New Volume of ARNOLD'S SCHOOL CLASSICS.)

Recently published in this Series, edited by the late REV. T. K. ARNOLD,
M.A.

1. EURIPIDIS HIPPOLYTUS. With ENGLISH NOTES. 3s.
2. —— HECUBA. With ENGLISH NOTES. 3s.
3. SOPHOCLIS ŒDIPUS COLONEUS. 4s.
4. —— ŒDIPUS TYRANNUS. 4s.
5. —— PHILOCTETES. 3s.
6. —— AJAX, 3s.
7. —— ANTIGONE. 4s.

*** The last five with English Notes, translated from the German of
SCHNEIDEWIN.

8. ECLOGÆ ARISTOPHANICÆ, The CLOUDS. 3s. 6d.
9. ECLOGÆ ARISTOPHANICÆ, The BIRDS. 3s. 6d.

*** With English Notes by PROFESSOR FELTON.

RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.

Now ready, Fourth Edition, enlarged, with numerous Illustrations and
Diagrams, price 1s. in wrappers, cloth gilt 1s. 6d.

A PRACTICAL MANUAL of PHOTOGRAPHY. With the latest
Improvements in the Collodion Process, and Microscopic and Stereoscopic
Pictures, &c. Published by CLARK, 17. Warwick Lane, London: and sold
by all Booksellers. Upon receipt of 18 Postage Stamps a Copy can be
forwarded free.

On May 2nd will be published, Part I. of MR. PARKER'S NEW
MAGAZINE, THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY. A New Monthly
Periodical of General Literature.

On the Second of May it is designed to commence the publication of a New
Monthly Periodical, to be entitled THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY. As its
name imports, it will be a Magazine of General Literature, giving itself free
range over every subject likely to be of general interest.

THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY is an attempt to supply high-principled
and high-toned Literature of a secular kind, which may be safely taken up
by thoughtful persons when their more serious reading is over, and which
may also indirectly act for good on those who thrust all religious works
aside.

It will be issued in Shilling Monthly Parts, and the type and paper will be of
a superior kind.

All communications and books for review must be addressed to the Editor,
under cover to Mr. Parker, 377. Strand.

London: JOHN HENRY PARKER, 377. Strand.

MR. KINGSLEY'S NEW WORK.

This day, 2 vols. post 8vo., 18s.

HYPATIA; or New Foes with and Old Face. By CHARLES KINGSLEY,
Jun., Rector of Eversley. Reprinted from "Fraser's Magazine."

London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.

This day is published, price 6s. 6d.

THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY CALENDAR FOR THE YEAR 1853.

"Deum timeto: regem honorato: virtutem colito disciplinis bonis
operam dato."—Stat. Acad. Cantab.

Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON.

Sold in London by LONGMAN & CO.; F. & J. RIVINGTON;
WHITTAKER & CO.; SIMPKIN & CO.; JOHN W. PARKER & SON;
GEORGE BELL; and by DEIGHTON & LAUGHTON, Liverpool.

NEW ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES on MR. PRITCHARD'S
Construction, Micrometers, Polarizing Apparatus, Object-glasses, and Eye-
pieces. S. STRAKER supplies any of the above of the first quality, and will
forward by post free a new priced List of Microscopes and Apparatus.

162. FLEET STREET, LONDON.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful
Productions may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where
may also be procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals
for the practice of Photography in all its Branches.

Calotype, Daguerreotype and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.

Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,

THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE
GRAY'S NEW EDITION. Translated from the French.

Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S
celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.

General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères, La Croix, and other
Talbotype Papers.

Pure Photographic Chemicals.

Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.

TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.—Pure Chemicals, and every requisite for the
practice of Photography, according to the instructions of Le Gray, Hunt,
Brébisson, and other writers, may be obtained, wholesale and retail, of
WILLIAM BOLTON (formerly Dymond & Co.), Manufacturer of pure
Chemicals for Photographic and other purposes. Lists may be had on
application.

Improved Apparatus for iodizing paper in vacuo, according to Mr. Stewart's
instructions.

146. HOLBORN BARS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.

Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
Paternoster Row, London.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide Of
Silver).—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in
England who published the application of this agent (see Athenæum, Aug.
14th). Their Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary
sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be
exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J.
B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all
APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the
Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the
open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the
best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.

CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.

Established 1824.

FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum
of 131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the
different ages from 24-1/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the
five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum assured.

The small share of Profit divisible in the future among Shareholders being
now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits

obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK
OF PARTNERSHIP.

POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next
Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers.

On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be
paid for the first five years.

INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.

Claims paid thirty days after proof of death, and all Policies are
Indisputable except in cases of fraud.

Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the
Society's Agents, or of

GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.

99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London.

AMICABLE LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 50. Fleet Street, London.

Incorporated by Charter of Queen Anne, A.D. 1706.

Directors.

G. Baillie, Esq.
The Hon. F. Byng.
R. H. Coote, Esq.
J. E. Davies, Esq.
G. De Morgan, Esq.
W. Everett, Esq.
G. Ogle, Esq.
M. B. Peacock, Esq.
C. Phillips, Esq.
J. Round, Esq.

The Rt. Hon. Sir E. Ryan.
T. Thompson. M.D., F.R.S.

Physician.—Francis Boott, M.D., 24. Gower Street, Bedford Square.
Solicitor.—Charles Rivington, Esq., Fenchurch Buildings.
Bankers.—Messrs. Goslings & Sharpe, Fleet Street.

This Society has been established nearly a century and a half, and is the
oldest Life Assurance Institution in existence. Its principles are essentially
those of Mutual Assurance, and the whole of the profits are divided among
the Members.

Assurances are granted, if desired, without participation in Profits, at
reduced rates of Premium, and upon every contingency depending on
human life.

The Tables of Mortality, deduced from the Society's own experience, having
satisfied the Directors that the Rates of Premium on Single Lives might be
reduced with perfect safety, a new Table has accordingly been prepared, and
the terms upon which Assurances are now effected with this Office are
shown in the subjoined extract:—

Age. With Profits. Without Profits.
£ s. d. £ s. d.
15 1 15 3 1 11 9
20 1 19 7 1 15 8
25 2 4 2 1 19 9
30 2 9 9 2 4 9
35 2 16 10 2 11 2
40 3 5 0 2 18 6
45 3 15 9 3 8 2
50 4 9 9 4 0 9
55 5 8 9 4 17 10
60 6 15 0 6 1 6

Prospectuses and every information may be obtained at the Office.

HENRY THOS. THOMSON, Registrar.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent
free by post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED
different Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
Quilts. And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-
room Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render
their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham
Court Road.

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3.
PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842

Directors.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
W. Cabell, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
T. Grissell, Esq.
J. Hunt, Esq.
J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
E. Luens, Esq.
J. Lys Seager, Esq.
J. B. White, Esq.
J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Trustees.

W. Whately, Esq., Q.C.: L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.: George Drew, Esq.

Physician.—William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the
Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l. with a Share in three-
fourths of the Profits:—

Age. £ s. d.
17 1 14 4
22 1 18 8
27 2 4 5
32 2 10 8
37 2 18 6
42 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S. Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions.
INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on
BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the
Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION.
No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE.
Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto,
in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas.
Superior Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas.
Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 Guineas. Every
Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed.
Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.

65. CHEAPSIDE.

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,

168. NEW BOND STREET, NEXT THE CLARENDON.

An Exhibition of Photographic Pictures

By the best English and Continental Artists will be opened at the
PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. New Bond Street, on Thursday,
April 28. The Collection will include a great variety of new and important
Pictures recently taken by eminent Photographers, and some of the best
specimens from the late Exhibition at the Society of Arts.—Admission 6d.

CALOTYPE PORTRAITS.

(By Licence of the Patentee.)

Mr. Philip Delamotte begs to announce that he has concluded an
arrangement with the Patentee, Mr. H. F. Talbot, which enables him to take
Portraits by the newly-discovered Collodion Process. The advantages which

this process offers are,—Excellence of Likeness, great Convenience, and
the opportunity of Multiplying copies of the same Portrait to any extent.
These Portraits have the appearance of beautiful mezzotint engravings, with
the superior accuracy which Sun-painting must insure. One moment
suffices to obtain the likeness, and no constrained position is required.
Hence a happy expression of face is instantly caught, and young children
may be taken without difficulty. To those who wish for several copies of the
same Portrait, the Calotype offers every facility, as an unlimited number of
impressions may be printed, by the agency of the sun, from the glass plate.
These will all be exactly equal to the first, and may be had at a moderate
cost.

TO ARTISTS AND SCULPTORS.

MR. DELAMOTTE will be happy to photograph Artist' Paintings and
Statues, and supply two or more impressions as may be desired. He also
undertakes to photograph, under the superintendence of the Artist, the Life
Model, Costume, or any required object, and to deliver the negative plate.

TO ENGINEERS AND ARCHITECTS.

MR. DELAMOTTE is ready to enter into engagements to photograph
Buildings and Engineering Works of all kinds, either in progress or when
completed. In illustration of the advantages to be derived by Engineers from
Photography, MR. DELAMOTTE begs to refer to Mr. Fenton's Views of
Mr. Vignolles' Bridge across the Dnieper at Kieff, and to his own views of
the Progress of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham.

TO THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY.

MR. DELAMOTTE has made arrangements which enable him to take
photographic views of Country Mansions, Ancient Castles and Ruins,
Villas, Cottages, Bridges or Picturesque Scenery of any description, and to
supply as many copies as may be desired.

TO THE CLERGY.

MR. DELAMOTTE will be happy to receive commissions to take
photographic views of Churches—either Exterior or Interiors—Rectories or
School-houses. He will also be willing to make special arrangements for
Portraits of Clergymen, when several copies of the same portrait are
required.

TO AMATEURS AND STUDENTS.

MR. DELAMOTTE gives lessons in every branch of the Photographic Art,
but more especially in the Collodion Process, which he undertakes to teach,
together with the best method of Printing, in Six Lessons.

For Terms apply to MR. PHILIP DELAMOTTE, Photographic Institution,
168. New Bond Street.

Just published, price 10s. 6d.

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUM.

PART III.

Containing Four Pictures.

TINTERN ABBEY. By Roger Fenton.
THE BOY IN THE ARCH. By Philip DelaMotte.
BURNHAM BEECHES. By Roger Fenton.
KENILWORTH CASTLE. By Philip DelaMotte.

Parts I. and II. are now reprinted and good impressions of the pictures are
guaranteed. Part IV. will be ready in May.

*** The Publisher apologizes for the long delay in issuing Part III. and
reprinting the two former Parts. Photographers will readily understand why
no quantity of good impressions could have been printed during the last
four months.

Now ready, price 16s.

PHOTOGRAPHIC STUDIES.

By GEORGE SHAW, Esq. (of Queen's College, Birmingham).

Comprising,

A MILL STREAM,
A FOREST SCENE,
A RUSTIC BRIDGE,
A WELSH GLEN.

These Pictures are of large size, and are very carefully printed.

*** Should this Number meeting with the approbation of the Public,
Professor Shaw will continue the Series.

Nearly ready,

THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY.

A MANUAL for STUDENTS and AMATEURS.

Edited by PHILIP DELAMOTTE, F.S.A.

Illustrated with a Photographic Picture taken by the Collodion Process, and
a Diagram of Six Colours, with its result in a Photographic impression.

This Manual will contain much practical information of a valuable nature.

Preparing for Publication, in Parts, price One Guinea each,

PROGRESS OF THE CRYSTAL PALACE AT SYDENHAM.

Exhibited in a Series of Photographic Views taken by PHILIP
DELAMOTTE.

This Work will be found of much service to Engineers and Architects, and
all who are interested in the Crystal Palace.

*** Some of these Views may be had for the Stereoscope.

Preparing for Publication,

A SERIES OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.

By HUGH OWEN, ESQ. (of Bristol.)

LONDON: Published by JOSEPH CUNDALL, at the PHOTOGRAPHIC
INSTITUTION,

168. NEW BOND STREET.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
Bride, in the City of London: and published by George Bell, of No. 186.
Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, April 23. 1853.

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND
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