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The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Story of Genesis and
Exodus: An Early English Song, about 1250 A.D.
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will
have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
this eBook.
Title: The Story of Genesis and Exodus: An Early English Song, about 1250
A.D.
Editor: Richard Morris
Release date: December 13, 2015 [eBook #50685]
Most recently updated: October 22, 2024
Language: English
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50685
Credits: Produced by David Starner, Keith Edkins and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
book was produced from scanned images of public domain
material from the Google Books project.)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF
GENESIS AND EXODUS: AN EARLY ENGLISH SONG, ABOUT 1250
A.D. ***
The
Exodus: An Early English Song, about 1250 A.D.
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will
have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
this eBook.
Title: The Story of Genesis and Exodus: An Early English Song, about 1250
A.D.
Editor: Richard Morris
Release date: December 13, 2015 [eBook #50685]
Most recently updated: October 22, 2024
Language: English
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50685
Credits: Produced by David Starner, Keith Edkins and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
book was produced from scanned images of public domain
material from the Google Books project.)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF
GENESIS AND EXODUS: AN EARLY ENGLISH SONG, ABOUT 1250
A.D. ***
The
Page 4
Story of Genesis and Exodus,
AN EARLY ENGLISH SONG,
ABOUT A.D. 1250.
EDITED
FROM A UNIQUE MS. IN THE LIBRARY OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,
WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND GLOSSARY,
BY THE
REV. RICHARD MORRIS, LL.D.,
AUTHOR OF "HISTORICAL OUTLINES OF ENGLISH ACCIDENCE;"
EDITOR OF "HAMPOLE'S PRICKS OF CONSCIENCE;" "EARLY ENGLISH ALLITERATIVE POEMS,"
ETC. ETC.;
ONE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
[Second and Revised Edition, 1873.]
LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY,
BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL.
MDCCCLXV.
AN EARLY ENGLISH SONG,
ABOUT A.D. 1250.
EDITED
FROM A UNIQUE MS. IN THE LIBRARY OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,
WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND GLOSSARY,
BY THE
REV. RICHARD MORRIS, LL.D.,
AUTHOR OF "HISTORICAL OUTLINES OF ENGLISH ACCIDENCE;"
EDITOR OF "HAMPOLE'S PRICKS OF CONSCIENCE;" "EARLY ENGLISH ALLITERATIVE POEMS,"
ETC. ETC.;
ONE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
[Second and Revised Edition, 1873.]
LONDON:
PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY,
BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL.
MDCCCLXV.
Page 5
PREFACE.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT, ETC.
The Editor of the present valuable and interesting record of our old English
speech will, no doubt, both astonish and alarm his readers by informing
them that he has never seen the manuscript from which the work he
professes to edit has been transcribed.
But, while the truth must be told, the reader need not entertain the slightest
doubt or distrust as to the accuracy and faithfulness of the present edition;
for, in the first place, the text was copied by Mr F. J. Furnivall, an
experienced editor and a zealous lover of Old English lore; and, secondly,
the proof sheets have been most carefully read with the manuscript by the
Rev. W. W. Skeat, who has spared no pains to render the text an accurate
copy of the original.[1] I have not been satisfied with merely the general
accuracy of the text, but all doubtful or difficult passages have been most
carefully referred to, and compared with the manuscript, so that the more
questionable a word may appear, either as regards its form or meaning, the
more may the reader rest assured of its correctness, so that he may be under
no apprehension that he is perplexed by any typographical error, but feel
confident that he is dealing with the reading of the original copy.
The editorial portion of the present work includes the punctuation, marginal
analysis, conjectural readings, a somewhat large body of annotations on the
text of the poem, and a Glossarial Index, which, it is hoped, will be found to
be complete, as well as useful for reference.
The Corpus manuscript[2] is a small volume (about 8 in. × 4½ in.), bound in
vellum, written on parchment in a hand of about 1300 A.D., with several
final long ſ's, and consisting of eighty-one leaves. Genesis ends on fol. 49b;
Exodus has the last two lines at the top of fol. 81a.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT, ETC.
The Editor of the present valuable and interesting record of our old English
speech will, no doubt, both astonish and alarm his readers by informing
them that he has never seen the manuscript from which the work he
professes to edit has been transcribed.
But, while the truth must be told, the reader need not entertain the slightest
doubt or distrust as to the accuracy and faithfulness of the present edition;
for, in the first place, the text was copied by Mr F. J. Furnivall, an
experienced editor and a zealous lover of Old English lore; and, secondly,
the proof sheets have been most carefully read with the manuscript by the
Rev. W. W. Skeat, who has spared no pains to render the text an accurate
copy of the original.[1] I have not been satisfied with merely the general
accuracy of the text, but all doubtful or difficult passages have been most
carefully referred to, and compared with the manuscript, so that the more
questionable a word may appear, either as regards its form or meaning, the
more may the reader rest assured of its correctness, so that he may be under
no apprehension that he is perplexed by any typographical error, but feel
confident that he is dealing with the reading of the original copy.
The editorial portion of the present work includes the punctuation, marginal
analysis, conjectural readings, a somewhat large body of annotations on the
text of the poem, and a Glossarial Index, which, it is hoped, will be found to
be complete, as well as useful for reference.
The Corpus manuscript[2] is a small volume (about 8 in. × 4½ in.), bound in
vellum, written on parchment in a hand of about 1300 A.D., with several
final long ſ's, and consisting of eighty-one leaves. Genesis ends on fol. 49b;
Exodus has the last two lines at the top of fol. 81a.
Page 6
The writing is clear and regular; the letters are large, but the words are often
very close together. Every initial letter has a little dab of red on it, and they
are mostly capitals, except the b, the f, the ð, and sometimes other letters.
Very rarely, however, B, F, and Ð are found as initial letters.
The illuminated letters are simply large vermilion letters without ornament,
and are of an earlier form than the writing of the rest of the manuscript.
Every line ends with a full stop (or metrical point), except, very rarely,
when omitted by accident. Whenever this stop occurs in the middle of a line
it has been marked thus (.) in the text.
DESCRIPTION OF THE POEM.
Our author, of whom, unfortunately, we know nothing, introduces his
subject to his readers by telling them that they ought to love a rhyming
story which teaches the "layman" (though he be learned in no books) how
to love and serve God, and to live peaceably and amicably with his fellow
Christians. His poem, or "song," as he calls it, is, he says, turned out of
Latin into English speech; and as birds are joyful to see the dawning, so
ought Christians to rejoice to hear the "true tale" of man's fall and
subsequent redemption related in the vulgar tongue ("land's speech"), and in
easy language ("small words").
So eschewing a "high style" and all profane subjects, he declares that he
will undertake to sing no other song, although his present task should prove
unsuccessful.[3] Our poet next invokes the aid of the Deity for his song in
the following terms:—
"Fader god of alle ðhinge,
Almigtin louerd, hegeſt kinge,
ðu giue me ſeli timinge
To thaunen ðis werdes biginninge,
ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge,
Queðer ſo hic rede or ſinge!"[4]
very close together. Every initial letter has a little dab of red on it, and they
are mostly capitals, except the b, the f, the ð, and sometimes other letters.
Very rarely, however, B, F, and Ð are found as initial letters.
The illuminated letters are simply large vermilion letters without ornament,
and are of an earlier form than the writing of the rest of the manuscript.
Every line ends with a full stop (or metrical point), except, very rarely,
when omitted by accident. Whenever this stop occurs in the middle of a line
it has been marked thus (.) in the text.
DESCRIPTION OF THE POEM.
Our author, of whom, unfortunately, we know nothing, introduces his
subject to his readers by telling them that they ought to love a rhyming
story which teaches the "layman" (though he be learned in no books) how
to love and serve God, and to live peaceably and amicably with his fellow
Christians. His poem, or "song," as he calls it, is, he says, turned out of
Latin into English speech; and as birds are joyful to see the dawning, so
ought Christians to rejoice to hear the "true tale" of man's fall and
subsequent redemption related in the vulgar tongue ("land's speech"), and in
easy language ("small words").
So eschewing a "high style" and all profane subjects, he declares that he
will undertake to sing no other song, although his present task should prove
unsuccessful.[3] Our poet next invokes the aid of the Deity for his song in
the following terms:—
"Fader god of alle ðhinge,
Almigtin louerd, hegeſt kinge,
ðu giue me ſeli timinge
To thaunen ðis werdes biginninge,
ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge,
Queðer ſo hic rede or ſinge!"[4]
Page 7
Then follows the Bible narrative of Genesis and Exodus, here and there
varied by the introduction of a few of those sacred legends so common in
the mediæval ages, but in the use of which, however, our author is far less
bold than many subsequent writers, who, seeking to make their works
attractive to the "lewed," did not scruple to mix up with the sacred history
the most absurd and childish stories, which must have rendered such
compilations more amusing than instructive. It seems to have been the
object of the author of the present work to present to his readers, in as few
words as possible, the most important facts contained in the Books of
Genesis and Exodus without any elaboration or comment, and he has,
therefore, omitted such facts as were not essentially necessary to the
completeness of his narrative;[5] while, on the other hand, he has included
certain portions of the Books of Numbers and Deuteronomy,[6] so as to
present to his readers a complete history of the wanderings of the Israelites,
and the life of Moses their leader.
In order to excite the reader's curiosity, we subjoin a few passages, with a
literal translation:—
LAMECH'S BIGAMY.
Lamech is at ðe sexte kne, Lamech is at the sixth degree,
ðe ſeuende man after adam, The seventh man after Adam,
ðat of caymes kinde cam. That of Cain's kin came.
ðiſ lamech waſ ðe firme man, This Lamech was the first man
ðe bigamie firſt bi-gan. Who bigamy first began.
Bigamie is unkinde ðing, Bigamy is unnatural thing,
On engleis tale, twie-wifing; In English speech, twi-wiving;
For aye was right and purity
for ai was rigt and kire bi-forn, before,
One man, one wife, till he was
On man, on wif, til he was boren. born.
Lamech him two wifes nam, Lamech to him two wives took,
On adda, an noðer wif ſellam. One Adah, another wife Zillah.
Adda bar him ſune Iobal, Adah bare him a son Jubal,
varied by the introduction of a few of those sacred legends so common in
the mediæval ages, but in the use of which, however, our author is far less
bold than many subsequent writers, who, seeking to make their works
attractive to the "lewed," did not scruple to mix up with the sacred history
the most absurd and childish stories, which must have rendered such
compilations more amusing than instructive. It seems to have been the
object of the author of the present work to present to his readers, in as few
words as possible, the most important facts contained in the Books of
Genesis and Exodus without any elaboration or comment, and he has,
therefore, omitted such facts as were not essentially necessary to the
completeness of his narrative;[5] while, on the other hand, he has included
certain portions of the Books of Numbers and Deuteronomy,[6] so as to
present to his readers a complete history of the wanderings of the Israelites,
and the life of Moses their leader.
In order to excite the reader's curiosity, we subjoin a few passages, with a
literal translation:—
LAMECH'S BIGAMY.
Lamech is at ðe sexte kne, Lamech is at the sixth degree,
ðe ſeuende man after adam, The seventh man after Adam,
ðat of caymes kinde cam. That of Cain's kin came.
ðiſ lamech waſ ðe firme man, This Lamech was the first man
ðe bigamie firſt bi-gan. Who bigamy first began.
Bigamie is unkinde ðing, Bigamy is unnatural thing,
On engleis tale, twie-wifing; In English speech, twi-wiving;
For aye was right and purity
for ai was rigt and kire bi-forn, before,
One man, one wife, till he was
On man, on wif, til he was boren. born.
Lamech him two wifes nam, Lamech to him two wives took,
On adda, an noðer wif ſellam. One Adah, another wife Zillah.
Adda bar him ſune Iobal, Adah bare him a son Jubal,
Page 8
He was a [shep-]herd wise and
He was hirde wittere and wal; able;
Of merke, and kinde, and helde, &
ble, Of mark,[7] breed, age, and colour,
Separating and assembling taught
ſundring and ſameni[n]g tagte he; he;
Jubal his brother poetry and
Iobal iſ broðer ſong and glew, music,
Wit of muſike, wel he knew; Craft of music, well he knew;
On two tableſ of tigel and braſ On two tables of tile and brass,
Wrote he that wisdom, wise he
wrot he ðat wiſtom, wiſ he was, was,
ðat it ne ſulde ben undon That it should not be effaced
If fier or water come ðor-on. If fire or water came thereon.
Sella wuneð oc lamech wið, Zillah dwelleth also Lamech with,
She bare Tubal, a wonderful
ghe bar tubal, a ſellic ſmið; smith;
Of irin, of golde, ſiluer, and bras Of iron, of gold, silver and brass
To ſundren and mengen wiſ he
was; To separate and mix, wise he was;
Wopen of wigte and tol of grið, Weapon of war and tool of peace,
Wel cuðe egte and ſafgte wið. Well could he hurt and heal with.
—(ll. 444-470.)
DEATH OF CAIN.
Lamech ledde long lif til ðan Lamech led long life till then
ðat he wurð biſne, and haued
a man That he became blind and had a man
ðat ledde him ofte wudeſ ner, That led him oft to woods near,
To scheten after ðe wilde der; To shoot after the wild deer (animals);
Al-so he miſtagte, alſo he
ſchet, As he mistaught, so he shot,
And caim in ðe wude iſ let; And Cain in the wood is let;
His knape wende it were a His knave (servant) weened it were a
der, deer,
He was hirde wittere and wal; able;
Of merke, and kinde, and helde, &
ble, Of mark,[7] breed, age, and colour,
Separating and assembling taught
ſundring and ſameni[n]g tagte he; he;
Jubal his brother poetry and
Iobal iſ broðer ſong and glew, music,
Wit of muſike, wel he knew; Craft of music, well he knew;
On two tableſ of tigel and braſ On two tables of tile and brass,
Wrote he that wisdom, wise he
wrot he ðat wiſtom, wiſ he was, was,
ðat it ne ſulde ben undon That it should not be effaced
If fier or water come ðor-on. If fire or water came thereon.
Sella wuneð oc lamech wið, Zillah dwelleth also Lamech with,
She bare Tubal, a wonderful
ghe bar tubal, a ſellic ſmið; smith;
Of irin, of golde, ſiluer, and bras Of iron, of gold, silver and brass
To ſundren and mengen wiſ he
was; To separate and mix, wise he was;
Wopen of wigte and tol of grið, Weapon of war and tool of peace,
Wel cuðe egte and ſafgte wið. Well could he hurt and heal with.
—(ll. 444-470.)
DEATH OF CAIN.
Lamech ledde long lif til ðan Lamech led long life till then
ðat he wurð biſne, and haued
a man That he became blind and had a man
ðat ledde him ofte wudeſ ner, That led him oft to woods near,
To scheten after ðe wilde der; To shoot after the wild deer (animals);
Al-so he miſtagte, alſo he
ſchet, As he mistaught, so he shot,
And caim in ðe wude iſ let; And Cain in the wood is let;
His knape wende it were a His knave (servant) weened it were a
der, deer,
Page 9
An lamech droge iſ arwe ner, And Lamech drew his arrow near
And letet flegen of ðe ſtreng, And let it fly off the string,
Caim unwar[n]de it under-
feng, Cain unwarned it received,
Gruſnede, and ſtrekede, and Groaned, fell prostrate (stretched) and
ſtarf wið-ðan. died with-that.
Lamech wið wreðe iſ knape
nam, Lamech with wrath his knave seized,
Vn-bente iſ boge, and bet, and
slog, Unbent his bow, and beat and slew,
Til he fel dun on dedeſ ſwog. Till he fell down in death's swoon.
Twin-wifing and twin- Twi-wiving (bigamy) and twi-slaughter
manſlagt, (double homicide)
Of his ſoule beð mikel hagt. On his soul is great trouble (anxiety).
—(ll. 471-486.)
HOW THE CHILD MOSES BEHAVED BEFORE PHARAOH.
Ghe brogte him bi-foren She (Thermutis) brought him (Moses)
pharaon, before Pharaoh,
And ðiſ king wurð him in And this king became to him in heart
herte mild, mild,
So ſwide faiger was ðiſ
child; So very fair was this child;
And he toc him on ſunes And he took him on son's stead (instead
ſtede, of a son),
And hiſ corune on his heued And his crown on his head he did
he dede, (placed),
And let it ſtonden ayne
ſtund; And let it stand a stound (while);
ðe child it warp dun to ðe
grund. The child threw it down to the ground.
Hamoneſ likeneſ was ðor-
on; Hamon's likeness was thereon;
ðiſ crune is broken, ðiſ iſ
miſdon. This crown is broken, this is misdone.
And letet flegen of ðe ſtreng, And let it fly off the string,
Caim unwar[n]de it under-
feng, Cain unwarned it received,
Gruſnede, and ſtrekede, and Groaned, fell prostrate (stretched) and
ſtarf wið-ðan. died with-that.
Lamech wið wreðe iſ knape
nam, Lamech with wrath his knave seized,
Vn-bente iſ boge, and bet, and
slog, Unbent his bow, and beat and slew,
Til he fel dun on dedeſ ſwog. Till he fell down in death's swoon.
Twin-wifing and twin- Twi-wiving (bigamy) and twi-slaughter
manſlagt, (double homicide)
Of his ſoule beð mikel hagt. On his soul is great trouble (anxiety).
—(ll. 471-486.)
HOW THE CHILD MOSES BEHAVED BEFORE PHARAOH.
Ghe brogte him bi-foren She (Thermutis) brought him (Moses)
pharaon, before Pharaoh,
And ðiſ king wurð him in And this king became to him in heart
herte mild, mild,
So ſwide faiger was ðiſ
child; So very fair was this child;
And he toc him on ſunes And he took him on son's stead (instead
ſtede, of a son),
And hiſ corune on his heued And his crown on his head he did
he dede, (placed),
And let it ſtonden ayne
ſtund; And let it stand a stound (while);
ðe child it warp dun to ðe
grund. The child threw it down to the ground.
Hamoneſ likeneſ was ðor-
on; Hamon's likeness was thereon;
ðiſ crune is broken, ðiſ iſ
miſdon. This crown is broken, this is misdone.
Page 10
Biſſop Eliopoleos The Bishop of Heliopolis
ſag ðiſ timing, & up he roſ; Saw this circumstance, and up he rose;
"If ðiſ child," quad he, If this child, quoth he, might thrive (grow
"mote ðen, up),
He ſal egyptes bale ben." He shall Egypt's bale be.
If ðor ne wore helpe twen
lopen, If there had not helpers 'tween leapt,
ðiſ childe adde ðan ſone be
dropen; This child had then soon been killed;
ðe king wið-ſtod & an wiſ
man, The king with-stood and a wise man,
He ſeide, "ðe child doð alſ He said, The child doth as he can
he can; (knows);
We ſulen nu witen for it
dede We should now learn whether it did
ðiſ witterlike, or in child-
hede;" This wittingly, or in childishness;
He bad ðis child brennen to
colen He offered this child two burning coals
And he toc is (hu migt he it And he took them (how might he bear
ðolen), them?)
And in hiſe muth ſo depe he And in his mouth so deep (far) he them
iſ dede did (placed)
Hiſe tunges ende iſ brent
ðor-mide; His tongue's end is burnt therewith;
ðor-fore ſeide ðe ebru
witterlike, Therefore said the Hebrew truly,
ðat he ſpac ſiðen miſerlike. That he spake afterwards indistinctly.
—(ll. 2634-2658.)
HOW MOSES DEFEATED THE ETHIOPIANS.
By that time that he was a youth (young
Bi ðat time ðat he was guð, man),
Wið faigered and ſtrengthe
kuð, For beauty and strength renowned,
ſag ðiſ timing, & up he roſ; Saw this circumstance, and up he rose;
"If ðiſ child," quad he, If this child, quoth he, might thrive (grow
"mote ðen, up),
He ſal egyptes bale ben." He shall Egypt's bale be.
If ðor ne wore helpe twen
lopen, If there had not helpers 'tween leapt,
ðiſ childe adde ðan ſone be
dropen; This child had then soon been killed;
ðe king wið-ſtod & an wiſ
man, The king with-stood and a wise man,
He ſeide, "ðe child doð alſ He said, The child doth as he can
he can; (knows);
We ſulen nu witen for it
dede We should now learn whether it did
ðiſ witterlike, or in child-
hede;" This wittingly, or in childishness;
He bad ðis child brennen to
colen He offered this child two burning coals
And he toc is (hu migt he it And he took them (how might he bear
ðolen), them?)
And in hiſe muth ſo depe he And in his mouth so deep (far) he them
iſ dede did (placed)
Hiſe tunges ende iſ brent
ðor-mide; His tongue's end is burnt therewith;
ðor-fore ſeide ðe ebru
witterlike, Therefore said the Hebrew truly,
ðat he ſpac ſiðen miſerlike. That he spake afterwards indistinctly.
—(ll. 2634-2658.)
HOW MOSES DEFEATED THE ETHIOPIANS.
By that time that he was a youth (young
Bi ðat time ðat he was guð, man),
Wið faigered and ſtrengthe
kuð, For beauty and strength renowned,
Page 11
folc ethiopienes on egipte
cam, Ethiopian folk on Egypt came,
And brende, & ſlug, & And burnt, and slew, and vengeance
wreche nam, took,
Al to memphin ðat riche
cite, All to Memphis that rich city,
And a-non to ðe reade ſe; And anon to the Red Sea;
ðo was egipte folc in dred, Then was Egypt's folk in dread,
And aſkeden here godes red; And asked their gods' advice;
And hem ſeiden wið
anſweren, And they said to them in answer,
ðat on ebru cude hem wel That one Hebrew could them well
weren. defend.
Moyſes was louered of ðat Moses became leader of that (Egyptian)
here, army,
ðor he wurð ðane egyptes
were; There he became then Egypt's protector;
Bi a lond weige he wente
rigt, By a land-way he went right,
And brogte vn-warnede on
hem figt; And brought unwarned on them fight;
He hadden don egipte
wrong, They had done Egypt wrong,
He bi-loc hem & ſmette a-
mong, He compassed them and smote among,
And ſlug ðor manige; oc
ſumme flen, And slew there many; but some fled
Into ſaba to borgen ben. Into Sheba to be saved.
Moyſes bi-ſette al ðat burg, Moses beset all that borough (city),
Oc it was riche & ſtrong ut- But it was rich and strong out-thorough
ðhurg; (throughout);
Ethiopienes kinges dowter
tarbis, Tarbis, the Ethiopian king's daughter,
Riche maiden of michel priſ, Rich maiden of great renown,
Gaf ðiſ riche burg moyſi; Gave this rich city to Moses;
cam, Ethiopian folk on Egypt came,
And brende, & ſlug, & And burnt, and slew, and vengeance
wreche nam, took,
Al to memphin ðat riche
cite, All to Memphis that rich city,
And a-non to ðe reade ſe; And anon to the Red Sea;
ðo was egipte folc in dred, Then was Egypt's folk in dread,
And aſkeden here godes red; And asked their gods' advice;
And hem ſeiden wið
anſweren, And they said to them in answer,
ðat on ebru cude hem wel That one Hebrew could them well
weren. defend.
Moyſes was louered of ðat Moses became leader of that (Egyptian)
here, army,
ðor he wurð ðane egyptes
were; There he became then Egypt's protector;
Bi a lond weige he wente
rigt, By a land-way he went right,
And brogte vn-warnede on
hem figt; And brought unwarned on them fight;
He hadden don egipte
wrong, They had done Egypt wrong,
He bi-loc hem & ſmette a-
mong, He compassed them and smote among,
And ſlug ðor manige; oc
ſumme flen, And slew there many; but some fled
Into ſaba to borgen ben. Into Sheba to be saved.
Moyſes bi-ſette al ðat burg, Moses beset all that borough (city),
Oc it was riche & ſtrong ut- But it was rich and strong out-thorough
ðhurg; (throughout);
Ethiopienes kinges dowter
tarbis, Tarbis, the Ethiopian king's daughter,
Riche maiden of michel priſ, Rich maiden of great renown,
Gaf ðiſ riche burg moyſi; Gave this rich city to Moses;
Page 12
Luue-bonde hire ghe it dede
for-ði. As love-bond's hire she did it, therefore.
ðor iſe fon he leide in bonde, There his foes he laid in bond,
And he wurð al-migt-ful in
ðat lond; And he became all-powerful in that land;
He bi-lef ðor(.) tarbis him
ſcroð, He remained there, Tarbis him urged,
ðog was him ðat ſurgerun ful
loð; Yet was to him that sojourn full loath;
Mai he no leue at hire taken May he no leave of her take
but-if he it mai wið crafte
maken: Unless he it may with craft make:
He waſ of an ſtrong migt [&]
wiſ, He was of a strong might and wise,
He carf in two gummes of
priſ He carved in two gems (stones) precious,
Two likeneſſes, ſo grauen & Two likenesses alike carved and
meten, depicted,
ðis doð ðenken, & ðoðer This one causes to remember, and the
forgeten; other to forget;
He feſt is in two ringes of
gold, He fastened them in two rings of gold,
Gaf hire ðe ton, he was hire
hold; Gave her the one, he was dear to her;
[And quan awei nimen he
wolde [And when depart he would
Gaf hire ðe toðer, he was Gave her the other, and was distasteful
hire colde] to her]
Ghe it bered and ðiſ luue iſ
for-geten, She it beareth and this love is forgotten,
Moyſes ðus haued him leue Moses thus hath for himself leave
bi-geten; begotten;
Sone it migte wið leue ben, Soon it might with leave be,
Into egypte e wente a-gen. Into Egypt he went again.
—(ll. 2665-2708.)
for-ði. As love-bond's hire she did it, therefore.
ðor iſe fon he leide in bonde, There his foes he laid in bond,
And he wurð al-migt-ful in
ðat lond; And he became all-powerful in that land;
He bi-lef ðor(.) tarbis him
ſcroð, He remained there, Tarbis him urged,
ðog was him ðat ſurgerun ful
loð; Yet was to him that sojourn full loath;
Mai he no leue at hire taken May he no leave of her take
but-if he it mai wið crafte
maken: Unless he it may with craft make:
He waſ of an ſtrong migt [&]
wiſ, He was of a strong might and wise,
He carf in two gummes of
priſ He carved in two gems (stones) precious,
Two likeneſſes, ſo grauen & Two likenesses alike carved and
meten, depicted,
ðis doð ðenken, & ðoðer This one causes to remember, and the
forgeten; other to forget;
He feſt is in two ringes of
gold, He fastened them in two rings of gold,
Gaf hire ðe ton, he was hire
hold; Gave her the one, he was dear to her;
[And quan awei nimen he
wolde [And when depart he would
Gaf hire ðe toðer, he was Gave her the other, and was distasteful
hire colde] to her]
Ghe it bered and ðiſ luue iſ
for-geten, She it beareth and this love is forgotten,
Moyſes ðus haued him leue Moses thus hath for himself leave
bi-geten; begotten;
Sone it migte wið leue ben, Soon it might with leave be,
Into egypte e wente a-gen. Into Egypt he went again.
—(ll. 2665-2708.)
Page 13
THE PLAGUE OF FROGS.
And aaron held up his hond And Aaron held up his hand
to ðe water and ðe more lond; To the water and the greater land;
ðo cam ðor up ſwilc froſkes
here Then came there up such host of frogs
ðe dede al folc egipte dere; That did all Egypt's folk harm;
Summe woren wilde, and
ſumme tame, Some were wild, and some tame,
And ðo hem deden ðe moſte And those caused them the most
ſame; (greatest) shame;
In huſe, in drinc, in metes, in
bed, In house, in drink, in meats, in bed,
It cropen and maden hem for- They crept and made them in great
dred; dread;
Summe ſtoruen and gouen
ſtinc, Some died and gave (out) stink,
And vn-hileden mete and And (others) uncovered meat and
drinc; drink;
Polheuedes, and froſkes, &
podes ſpile Tadpoles and frogs, and toad's venom
Bond harde egipte folc un-ſile.
[8]
Bound hard Egypt's sorrowful folk.
—(ll. 2967-2978.)
The reader must not be disappointed if he fails to find many traces in this
work of our pious author's poetic skill; he must consider that the interest
attaching to so early an English version of Old Testament History, as well as
the philological value of the poem, fully compensates him for the absence
of great literary merit, which is hardly to be expected in a work of this kind.
And, moreover, we must recollect that it is to the patriotism, as well as
piety, of such men as our author, that we owe the preservation of our noble
language. The number of religious treatises written in English during the
thirteenth and fourteenth centuries proves that the dialect of religion
approached more closely to the speech of the people than did the language
of history or romance. And it is a curious fact that the most valuable
monuments of our language are mostly theological, composed for the lewed
And aaron held up his hond And Aaron held up his hand
to ðe water and ðe more lond; To the water and the greater land;
ðo cam ðor up ſwilc froſkes
here Then came there up such host of frogs
ðe dede al folc egipte dere; That did all Egypt's folk harm;
Summe woren wilde, and
ſumme tame, Some were wild, and some tame,
And ðo hem deden ðe moſte And those caused them the most
ſame; (greatest) shame;
In huſe, in drinc, in metes, in
bed, In house, in drink, in meats, in bed,
It cropen and maden hem for- They crept and made them in great
dred; dread;
Summe ſtoruen and gouen
ſtinc, Some died and gave (out) stink,
And vn-hileden mete and And (others) uncovered meat and
drinc; drink;
Polheuedes, and froſkes, &
podes ſpile Tadpoles and frogs, and toad's venom
Bond harde egipte folc un-ſile.
[8]
Bound hard Egypt's sorrowful folk.
—(ll. 2967-2978.)
The reader must not be disappointed if he fails to find many traces in this
work of our pious author's poetic skill; he must consider that the interest
attaching to so early an English version of Old Testament History, as well as
the philological value of the poem, fully compensates him for the absence
of great literary merit, which is hardly to be expected in a work of this kind.
And, moreover, we must recollect that it is to the patriotism, as well as
piety, of such men as our author, that we owe the preservation of our noble
language. The number of religious treatises written in English during the
thirteenth and fourteenth centuries proves that the dialect of religion
approached more closely to the speech of the people than did the language
of history or romance. And it is a curious fact that the most valuable
monuments of our language are mostly theological, composed for the lewed
Page 14
and unlearned, who knew no other language than the one spoken by their
forefathers, and who clung most tenaciously to their mother tongue,
notwithstanding the changes consequent upon the Norman invasion, and the
oppression of Norman rule, which, inasmuch as it fostered and kept up a
patriotic spirit, exercised a most important and beneficial influence upon
Early English literary culture and civilization.
DATE AND DIALECT OF THE POEM.
The mere examination of an Early English work with respect to its
vocabulary and grammatical forms, will not enable us (as Price asserts) to
settle satisfactorily the date at which it was written. The place of
composition must also be taken into consideration, and a comparison, if
possible, must be made with other works in the same dialect, the date of
which is known with some degree of certainty. The date of the text before
us must not, therefore, be confounded with that of the manuscript, which is,
perhaps, a few years earlier than A.D. 1300. A careful comparison of the
poem with the Bestiary, written in the same dialect, and most probably by
the same author[9] (and printed by Mr Wright in the Reliquiæ Antiquæ, p.
208, and by myself in an Old English Miscellany), leads me to think that
the present poem is not later than A.D. 1250.[10]
The vocabulary, which contains very few words of Romance origin,[11] is
not that of Robert of Gloucester, or of Robert of Brunne, but such as is
found in Laȝamon's Brut, or Orm's paraphrases, and other works illustrating
the second period of our language, i.e. the twelfth and earlier part of the
thirteenth centuries.
The employment of a dual for the pronouns of the first and second persons
marks an early date (certainly not much later than the time of Henry III.)
even in works composed in the Southern dialect, which, it is well known,
retained to a comparatively late period those Anglo-Saxon inflections that
had long previously been disused in more Northern dialects.
forefathers, and who clung most tenaciously to their mother tongue,
notwithstanding the changes consequent upon the Norman invasion, and the
oppression of Norman rule, which, inasmuch as it fostered and kept up a
patriotic spirit, exercised a most important and beneficial influence upon
Early English literary culture and civilization.
DATE AND DIALECT OF THE POEM.
The mere examination of an Early English work with respect to its
vocabulary and grammatical forms, will not enable us (as Price asserts) to
settle satisfactorily the date at which it was written. The place of
composition must also be taken into consideration, and a comparison, if
possible, must be made with other works in the same dialect, the date of
which is known with some degree of certainty. The date of the text before
us must not, therefore, be confounded with that of the manuscript, which is,
perhaps, a few years earlier than A.D. 1300. A careful comparison of the
poem with the Bestiary, written in the same dialect, and most probably by
the same author[9] (and printed by Mr Wright in the Reliquiæ Antiquæ, p.
208, and by myself in an Old English Miscellany), leads me to think that
the present poem is not later than A.D. 1250.[10]
The vocabulary, which contains very few words of Romance origin,[11] is
not that of Robert of Gloucester, or of Robert of Brunne, but such as is
found in Laȝamon's Brut, or Orm's paraphrases, and other works illustrating
the second period of our language, i.e. the twelfth and earlier part of the
thirteenth centuries.
The employment of a dual for the pronouns of the first and second persons
marks an early date (certainly not much later than the time of Henry III.)
even in works composed in the Southern dialect, which, it is well known,
retained to a comparatively late period those Anglo-Saxon inflections that
had long previously been disused in more Northern dialects.
Page 15
The Corpus manuscript is evidently the work of a scribe, to whom the
language was more or less archaic, which accounts for such blunders as
ðrosing for ðrosem, waspene for wastme, lage for vn-lage, insile for vn-sile,
grauen for ðrauen, etc.
The original copy of Genesis most probably terminated with ll. 2521-4:
"And here ended completely
The book which is called Genesis,
Which Moses, through God's help,
Wrote for precious souls' need."
The concluding lines, in which both the author and scribe are mentioned,
seem to me to be the work of a subsequent transcriber:
"God shield his soul from hell-bale,
Who made it thus in English tale (speech)!
And he that these letters wrote,
May God help him blissfully,
And preserve his soul from sorrow and tears,
Of hell-pain, cold and hot!"
The Ormulum is the earliest[12] printed Early English work which has come
down to us that exhibits the uniform employment of the termination -en (-n)
as the inflection of the plural number, present tense, indicative mood; or, in
other words, it is the earliest printed example we have of a Midland dialect.
I say a Midland dialect, because the work of Orm is, after all, only a
specimen of one variety of the Midland speech, most probably of that
spoken in the northern part of the eastern counties of England, including
what is commonly called the district of East Anglia.
Next in antiquity to the Ormulum come the Bestiary, already mentioned,
and the present poem, both of which uniformly employ the Midland affix -
en, to the exclusion of all others, as the inflection of the present plural
indicative.
language was more or less archaic, which accounts for such blunders as
ðrosing for ðrosem, waspene for wastme, lage for vn-lage, insile for vn-sile,
grauen for ðrauen, etc.
The original copy of Genesis most probably terminated with ll. 2521-4:
"And here ended completely
The book which is called Genesis,
Which Moses, through God's help,
Wrote for precious souls' need."
The concluding lines, in which both the author and scribe are mentioned,
seem to me to be the work of a subsequent transcriber:
"God shield his soul from hell-bale,
Who made it thus in English tale (speech)!
And he that these letters wrote,
May God help him blissfully,
And preserve his soul from sorrow and tears,
Of hell-pain, cold and hot!"
The Ormulum is the earliest[12] printed Early English work which has come
down to us that exhibits the uniform employment of the termination -en (-n)
as the inflection of the plural number, present tense, indicative mood; or, in
other words, it is the earliest printed example we have of a Midland dialect.
I say a Midland dialect, because the work of Orm is, after all, only a
specimen of one variety of the Midland speech, most probably of that
spoken in the northern part of the eastern counties of England, including
what is commonly called the district of East Anglia.
Next in antiquity to the Ormulum come the Bestiary, already mentioned,
and the present poem, both of which uniformly employ the Midland affix -
en, to the exclusion of all others, as the inflection of the present plural
indicative.
Page 16
There are other peculiarities which these works have in common; and a
careful comparison of them with the Ormulum induces me to assign them to
the East Midland area; but there are certain peculiarities, to be noticed
hereafter, which induce me to believe that the work of Orm represents a
dialect spoken in the northern part of this district, while the Story of
Genesis and Exodus, together with the Bestiary, exhibits the speech of the
more southern counties of the East Midland district.[13] Thus, if the former
be in the dialect of Lincoln, the latter is in that of Suffolk.[14]
The chief points in which the present poem and the Bestiary agree with the
Ormulum are the following:—
I. The absence of compound vowels.
In the Southern dialects we find the compound vowels ue, eo, ie, ea (yea).
In the Ormulum eo occurs, but with the sound of e, and ea in Genesis and
Exodus is written for e.
II. The change of an initial ð (th) into t after words ending in d, t, n, s, that is
to say, after a dental or a sibilant.[15]
"ðanne iſ tis fruit wel ſwiðe good."—(Gen. and Ex., l. 334.)
"ðe firſt moned and te firſt dai,
He ſag erðe drie & te water awai."—(Ibid., l. 615-6.)
"ðin berg and tin werger ic ham."—(Ibid., l. 926.)
"at te welle[n]."—(Ibid., l. 2756.)
This practice is much more frequent in the Bestiary, which is a proof,
perhaps, that the present poem has suffered somewhat in the course of
transcription.
"neddre is te name."—(O.E. Miscellany, p. 5.)
careful comparison of them with the Ormulum induces me to assign them to
the East Midland area; but there are certain peculiarities, to be noticed
hereafter, which induce me to believe that the work of Orm represents a
dialect spoken in the northern part of this district, while the Story of
Genesis and Exodus, together with the Bestiary, exhibits the speech of the
more southern counties of the East Midland district.[13] Thus, if the former
be in the dialect of Lincoln, the latter is in that of Suffolk.[14]
The chief points in which the present poem and the Bestiary agree with the
Ormulum are the following:—
I. The absence of compound vowels.
In the Southern dialects we find the compound vowels ue, eo, ie, ea (yea).
In the Ormulum eo occurs, but with the sound of e, and ea in Genesis and
Exodus is written for e.
II. The change of an initial ð (th) into t after words ending in d, t, n, s, that is
to say, after a dental or a sibilant.[15]
"ðanne iſ tis fruit wel ſwiðe good."—(Gen. and Ex., l. 334.)
"ðe firſt moned and te firſt dai,
He ſag erðe drie & te water awai."—(Ibid., l. 615-6.)
"ðin berg and tin werger ic ham."—(Ibid., l. 926.)
"at te welle[n]."—(Ibid., l. 2756.)
This practice is much more frequent in the Bestiary, which is a proof,
perhaps, that the present poem has suffered somewhat in the course of
transcription.
"neddre is te name."—(O.E. Miscellany, p. 5.)
Page 17
"it is te ned."—(Ibid., p. 6.)
"ðis lif bitokneð ðe sti
ðat te neddre gangeð bi,
and tis is ðe ðirl of ðe ston,
ðat tu salt ðurg gon."—(Ibid., p. 7.)
"at tin herte."—(Ibid., p. 7.)
III. Simplicity of grammatical structure and construction of sentences.[16]
1. The neglect of gender and number in nouns.
2. The genitive singular of substantives end in -es in all genders.[17]
3. The absence of the gen. pl. of substantives in -ene.
4. The employment of an uninflected article.[18]
5. The use of ðat (that) as a demonstrative adjective, and not as the neuter
of the article. The form ðas (those), common enough in the fourteenth
century, does not occur in this poem or in the Ormulum.
6. No inflection of the adjective in the accusative singular. The phrase
'godun dai,' good day, in l. 1430, p. 41, contains a solitary instance of the
accusative of the adjective, but it is, no doubt, a mere remnant of the older
speech, just like our 'for the nonce' (= for then once), and is no proof that
the writer or his readers employed it as a common inflection. The form
godun is a corruption of godne, as it is more properly written in works in
the Southern dialects as late as the middle of the fourteenth century.
7. Adjectives and adverbs with the termination -like.
The Southern form is, for adjectives, -lich (sing.), -liche (pl.); for adverbs -
liche. Thus the adoption of this affix really (though at first it appears a
"ðis lif bitokneð ðe sti
ðat te neddre gangeð bi,
and tis is ðe ðirl of ðe ston,
ðat tu salt ðurg gon."—(Ibid., p. 7.)
"at tin herte."—(Ibid., p. 7.)
III. Simplicity of grammatical structure and construction of sentences.[16]
1. The neglect of gender and number in nouns.
2. The genitive singular of substantives end in -es in all genders.[17]
3. The absence of the gen. pl. of substantives in -ene.
4. The employment of an uninflected article.[18]
5. The use of ðat (that) as a demonstrative adjective, and not as the neuter
of the article. The form ðas (those), common enough in the fourteenth
century, does not occur in this poem or in the Ormulum.
6. No inflection of the adjective in the accusative singular. The phrase
'godun dai,' good day, in l. 1430, p. 41, contains a solitary instance of the
accusative of the adjective, but it is, no doubt, a mere remnant of the older
speech, just like our 'for the nonce' (= for then once), and is no proof that
the writer or his readers employed it as a common inflection. The form
godun is a corruption of godne, as it is more properly written in works in
the Southern dialects as late as the middle of the fourteenth century.
7. Adjectives and adverbs with the termination -like.
The Southern form is, for adjectives, -lich (sing.), -liche (pl.); for adverbs -
liche. Thus the adoption of this affix really (though at first it appears a
Page 18
matter of no importance) marks a stage in the language when the distinction
between the sing. and pl. form of adjectives was not very strictly observed,
and was, moreover, a step towards our modern -ly, which is adjectival as
well as adverbial.
Even in this poem adjectives occur in -li, as reuli = piteous, which is the
earliest example I have met with. Orm employs double forms in -like and -
liȝȝ (= ly?). -ly has arisen not out of -lich or -liche (which would have
become lidge or litch), but out of some such softened form as liȝ.
8. The tendency to drop the initial y, i (A.S. ge) of the passive participles of
strong verbs.
The Ormulum has two or three examples of this prefixal element, and in our
poem it occurs but seldom.
IV. A tendency to drop the t of the second person of verbs, as as, hast; beas,
beëst; findes, findest.
Examples of this practice are very common in the Bestiary and Genesis and
Exodus, but it occurs only four times in the Ormulum.[19] It was very
common for the West-Midland to drop the -e of 2nd person in strong verbs.
See Preface to O.E. Homilies, 1st Series.
V. The use of arn, aren, for ben of the Midland dialect, or beð of the
Southern dialect.[20]
VI. The employment of the adverbs thethen, hethen, quethen (of
Scandinavian origin),[21] instead of the Southern thenne (thennen), thence;
henne (hennen), hence; whanne (whanene), whence.
VII. The use of oc, ok (also, and), a form which does not occur in any
specimen of a Southern, West-Midland, or Northern dialect that has come
under my notice. The use of on, o, for the Southern an or a, as onlike, olike,
alike, on-rum, apart, on-sunder, asunder, is also worth noticing.
between the sing. and pl. form of adjectives was not very strictly observed,
and was, moreover, a step towards our modern -ly, which is adjectival as
well as adverbial.
Even in this poem adjectives occur in -li, as reuli = piteous, which is the
earliest example I have met with. Orm employs double forms in -like and -
liȝȝ (= ly?). -ly has arisen not out of -lich or -liche (which would have
become lidge or litch), but out of some such softened form as liȝ.
8. The tendency to drop the initial y, i (A.S. ge) of the passive participles of
strong verbs.
The Ormulum has two or three examples of this prefixal element, and in our
poem it occurs but seldom.
IV. A tendency to drop the t of the second person of verbs, as as, hast; beas,
beëst; findes, findest.
Examples of this practice are very common in the Bestiary and Genesis and
Exodus, but it occurs only four times in the Ormulum.[19] It was very
common for the West-Midland to drop the -e of 2nd person in strong verbs.
See Preface to O.E. Homilies, 1st Series.
V. The use of arn, aren, for ben of the Midland dialect, or beð of the
Southern dialect.[20]
VI. The employment of the adverbs thethen, hethen, quethen (of
Scandinavian origin),[21] instead of the Southern thenne (thennen), thence;
henne (hennen), hence; whanne (whanene), whence.
VII. The use of oc, ok (also, and), a form which does not occur in any
specimen of a Southern, West-Midland, or Northern dialect that has come
under my notice. The use of on, o, for the Southern an or a, as onlike, olike,
alike, on-rum, apart, on-sunder, asunder, is also worth noticing.
Page 19
VIII. The coalition of the pronoun it with pronouns and verbs, as get
(Bestiary) = she it (ȝhöt in Ormulum; cf. þüt = thu itt, thou it); tellet = tell it;
wuldet = would it; ist = is it, is there; wast, was it, was there, etc. þit = þe +
hit = who it, occurs in O.E. Homilies, 2nd Series.
The Ormulum, the Bestiary, and Genesis and Exodus have some few other
points of agreement which will be found noticed in the Grammatical Details
and Glossary. There are, however, grammatical forms in the latter works
which do not present themselves in the former, and which, in my opinion,
seem to indicate a more Southern origin. (See Preface to O.E. Homilies,
2nd Series.)
I. Plurals in n.
I do not recollect any examples of plurals in n in the Ormulum, except ehne,
eyes; in this poem we have colen, coals; deden, deeds; fon, foes; siðen,
sides; son, shoes; steden, places; sunen, sons; tren, trees; teten, teats;
wunen, laws, abilities, etc. (see p. xxii.)
II. The pronoun is (es) = them.[22] In the fourteenth century we only find
this form is (hise) in pure Southern writers.[23]
"Diep he iſ dalf under an ooc."[24]—(Gen. and Ex., l. 1873, p. 54.)
"For ſalamon findin iſ ſal."[25]—(Ibid., l. 1877, p. 54.)
"He toc iſ."[26]—(Ibid., l. 2654, p. 76.)
"Alle hise fet steppes ðer he steppeð,
After him he filleð, Oðer dust oðer deu,
Drageð dust wið his stert ðat he ne cunne is finden."[27]
(O.E. Miscell., p. 1.)
Our author, however, employs this curious pronoun in a way quite peculiar
to himself, for he constantly joins it to a pronoun or a verb,[28] and the
(Bestiary) = she it (ȝhöt in Ormulum; cf. þüt = thu itt, thou it); tellet = tell it;
wuldet = would it; ist = is it, is there; wast, was it, was there, etc. þit = þe +
hit = who it, occurs in O.E. Homilies, 2nd Series.
The Ormulum, the Bestiary, and Genesis and Exodus have some few other
points of agreement which will be found noticed in the Grammatical Details
and Glossary. There are, however, grammatical forms in the latter works
which do not present themselves in the former, and which, in my opinion,
seem to indicate a more Southern origin. (See Preface to O.E. Homilies,
2nd Series.)
I. Plurals in n.
I do not recollect any examples of plurals in n in the Ormulum, except ehne,
eyes; in this poem we have colen, coals; deden, deeds; fon, foes; siðen,
sides; son, shoes; steden, places; sunen, sons; tren, trees; teten, teats;
wunen, laws, abilities, etc. (see p. xxii.)
II. The pronoun is (es) = them.[22] In the fourteenth century we only find
this form is (hise) in pure Southern writers.[23]
"Diep he iſ dalf under an ooc."[24]—(Gen. and Ex., l. 1873, p. 54.)
"For ſalamon findin iſ ſal."[25]—(Ibid., l. 1877, p. 54.)
"He toc iſ."[26]—(Ibid., l. 2654, p. 76.)
"Alle hise fet steppes ðer he steppeð,
After him he filleð, Oðer dust oðer deu,
Drageð dust wið his stert ðat he ne cunne is finden."[27]
(O.E. Miscell., p. 1.)
Our author, however, employs this curious pronoun in a way quite peculiar
to himself, for he constantly joins it to a pronoun or a verb,[28] and the
Page 20
compound was at first rather perplexing. Hes = he + is, he, them; wes = we
+ is, we, them;[29] caldes, called them; dedis, did (placed) them; settes, set
them; wroutis, wrought them, etc.
"Alle hes hadde wið migte bi-geten."[30]—(Gen. and Ex., l. 911, p. 26.)
"Vndelt heſ leide quor-so heſ tok."[31]—(Ibid., l. 943, p. 27.)
"Ðe culuer haueð costes gode,
alle wes ogen to hauen in mode."[32]—(O.E. Miscell., p. 25.)
"Bala two childre bar bi him,
Rachel caldes dan(.) neptalim;
And zelfa two sunes him ber,
Lia calde is(.) Gad(.) and asser."[33]—(Gen. and Ex., l. 1700, p. 49.)
"ðe tabernacle he dedis in."[34]—(Ibid., l. 3830, p. 109.)
"He settes in ðe firmament."[35]—(Ibid., l. 135, p. 5.)
In the Kentish Ayenbite of 1340 he never coalesces with hise (them), e.g.:—
"He (the devil) is lyeȝere and vader of leazinges, ase he þet made þe verste leazinge, and yet he
hise makeþ and tekþ eche daye."—(Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 47.)
(He is a liar and the father of leasings, as he that made the first leasing, and yet he them, i.e.
lies, maketh and teacheth each day.)
In Old Kentish Sermons (Old Eng. Miscell p. 28) has = ha + es = he them.
III. The pronoun he, they (Southern hii, heo; Northumbrian thay). Orm uses
þeȝȝ, as well as þeȝȝer (their), þeȝȝm (them).[36]
IV. hine, hin, in = him. This form occurs as late as 1340, and still exists
under the form en, un, in the modern dialects of the South of England, but is
not employed by Orm; nor do we find any traces of whan (whom), another
very common example of the -n accusative inflection, either in the
Ormulum or the present work.
+ is, we, them;[29] caldes, called them; dedis, did (placed) them; settes, set
them; wroutis, wrought them, etc.
"Alle hes hadde wið migte bi-geten."[30]—(Gen. and Ex., l. 911, p. 26.)
"Vndelt heſ leide quor-so heſ tok."[31]—(Ibid., l. 943, p. 27.)
"Ðe culuer haueð costes gode,
alle wes ogen to hauen in mode."[32]—(O.E. Miscell., p. 25.)
"Bala two childre bar bi him,
Rachel caldes dan(.) neptalim;
And zelfa two sunes him ber,
Lia calde is(.) Gad(.) and asser."[33]—(Gen. and Ex., l. 1700, p. 49.)
"ðe tabernacle he dedis in."[34]—(Ibid., l. 3830, p. 109.)
"He settes in ðe firmament."[35]—(Ibid., l. 135, p. 5.)
In the Kentish Ayenbite of 1340 he never coalesces with hise (them), e.g.:—
"He (the devil) is lyeȝere and vader of leazinges, ase he þet made þe verste leazinge, and yet he
hise makeþ and tekþ eche daye."—(Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 47.)
(He is a liar and the father of leasings, as he that made the first leasing, and yet he them, i.e.
lies, maketh and teacheth each day.)
In Old Kentish Sermons (Old Eng. Miscell p. 28) has = ha + es = he them.
III. The pronoun he, they (Southern hii, heo; Northumbrian thay). Orm uses
þeȝȝ, as well as þeȝȝer (their), þeȝȝm (them).[36]
IV. hine, hin, in = him. This form occurs as late as 1340, and still exists
under the form en, un, in the modern dialects of the South of England, but is
not employed by Orm; nor do we find any traces of whan (whom), another
very common example of the -n accusative inflection, either in the
Ormulum or the present work.
Page 21
V. The substitution of n for a vowel-ending in nouns. Dr Guest has noticed
this peculiarity, but he confines this substitution to the nominative case of
nouns of the n declension,[37] and to the definite form of the adjective,
which has, no doubt, given rise to the O.E. himseluen, etc., bothen (both), as
well as, perhaps, to ouren (ours), heren (theirs), etc.
In the present poem, however, the n seems added to the vowel-ending of all
cases except the possessive, in order to rhyme with a verb in the infinitive, a
passive participle, or an adverb terminating in -en, and is not always limited
to nouns of the -n declension, but represents in A.S. an a or e: 'on boken,'[38]
on book, l. 4; 'on soðe-sagen,' on sooth-saw, l. 14; meten, (acc.) meat, l.
2255, (nom.) 2079; sunen, (nom.) son, l. 1656; 'of luuen,' of love, 635; 'after
ðe wunen' (after the custom), l. 688; steden, (nom.) place, 1114; 'for on-
sagen,' for reproach, 2045; wliten, (nom.) face, 3614, (acc.) 2289; 'wið
answeren,' in answer, 2673; bileuen, (acc.) remainder, 3154; uuerslagen,
(acc.) lintel, 3155.
Dr Guest considers this curious nunnation to be a Northern peculiarity, but
as we do not meet with it (as far as I know) in any Northumbrian work, his
statement is rather doubtful. On the other hand, it is well known that the
plurals bretheren (broðeren[39] in Shoreham), calveren[40] (calves), children,
[41] doren (doors),[42] eyren (eggs),[43] honden (hands),[44] kine,[45] lambren
(lambs),[46] soulen (souls)—very common forms in the Southern dialects in
the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries—are examples of the substitution of
n for, or in addition to, the vowel-ending, and were unknown in the
Northern dialect.
The Southern dialect could drop or retain, at pleasure, the n final in the past
participles, the preterite plurals, and infinitive mood of verbs.
VI. A very small Norse element in the vocabulary.
The only words of undoubtedly Norse element that occur in the present
poem, and were unknown to Southern English, are—fro (from), ille (bad),
for-sweðen (to burn), flitten (to remove), laðe (barn), lowe (flame), mirk
this peculiarity, but he confines this substitution to the nominative case of
nouns of the n declension,[37] and to the definite form of the adjective,
which has, no doubt, given rise to the O.E. himseluen, etc., bothen (both), as
well as, perhaps, to ouren (ours), heren (theirs), etc.
In the present poem, however, the n seems added to the vowel-ending of all
cases except the possessive, in order to rhyme with a verb in the infinitive, a
passive participle, or an adverb terminating in -en, and is not always limited
to nouns of the -n declension, but represents in A.S. an a or e: 'on boken,'[38]
on book, l. 4; 'on soðe-sagen,' on sooth-saw, l. 14; meten, (acc.) meat, l.
2255, (nom.) 2079; sunen, (nom.) son, l. 1656; 'of luuen,' of love, 635; 'after
ðe wunen' (after the custom), l. 688; steden, (nom.) place, 1114; 'for on-
sagen,' for reproach, 2045; wliten, (nom.) face, 3614, (acc.) 2289; 'wið
answeren,' in answer, 2673; bileuen, (acc.) remainder, 3154; uuerslagen,
(acc.) lintel, 3155.
Dr Guest considers this curious nunnation to be a Northern peculiarity, but
as we do not meet with it (as far as I know) in any Northumbrian work, his
statement is rather doubtful. On the other hand, it is well known that the
plurals bretheren (broðeren[39] in Shoreham), calveren[40] (calves), children,
[41] doren (doors),[42] eyren (eggs),[43] honden (hands),[44] kine,[45] lambren
(lambs),[46] soulen (souls)—very common forms in the Southern dialects in
the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries—are examples of the substitution of
n for, or in addition to, the vowel-ending, and were unknown in the
Northern dialect.
The Southern dialect could drop or retain, at pleasure, the n final in the past
participles, the preterite plurals, and infinitive mood of verbs.
VI. A very small Norse element in the vocabulary.
The only words of undoubtedly Norse element that occur in the present
poem, and were unknown to Southern English, are—fro (from), ille (bad),
for-sweðen (to burn), flitten (to remove), laðe (barn), lowe (flame), mirk
Page 22
(dark), ransaken (to search), swaðe (flame), til (to), uglike (horrible), werre
(worse).[47]
The Ormulum, being more Northern, contains a larger number of words
that must be referred to one of the Scandinavian idioms:[48]—afell
(strength), afledd (begotten), beȝȝsc (bitter), *blunnt (blunt, dull), bracc
(noise), *braþ (angry), *braþþe (anger), *brodd (shoot), brodden (to
sprout), broþþfall (fit), *bun (ready, bound), *clake (accusation), *croc
(device), *derf (bold), *dill (sluggish), *eggenn (to urge, egg on), *egginng
(urging), *ettle, *flittenn (to remove, flit), *flitting (change, removal),
*forrgart (opposed, condemned), *forrgloppned (disturbed with fear,
astonishment), *gate (way), gowesst (watchest), *haȝherr (dexterous),
haȝherleȝȝc (skill), *haȝherrlike (fitly), hof (moderation), hofelæs
(immoderately), *ille (bad), *immess (variously), *kinndlenn (to kindle),
*lasst (crime, fault), leȝhe (hire, pay), *leȝȝtenn (O.E. layte, inquire, seek),
o-loft (aloft), *loȝhe (fire), *mune (must, will), naþe (grace), nowwt (cattle,
O.N. naut; the Southern form is neet, nete, A.S. neát), *ploh (plough),
*radd (afraid), *ros (praise), *rosen (to boast), *rosinng (boast), rowwst
(voice), *scaldess (poets, O.E. scald, a great talker, boaster, E. scold), *sit
(pain), *sket (quickly), *skirpeþþ (rejecteth), *sloþ (track, path), smikerr
(beautiful, Eng. smug), sowwþess (sheep), stoffnedd (generated, O.E.
stoven, trunk, stem), *summ (as), *till (to), *tór (hard, difficult), *trigg
(true), uppbrixle (object of reproach, O.E. brixle, reproach), usell
(wretched), *wand (rod), *wandraþ, O.E. wandreth (trouble), *werre
(worse).
As most, if not all, of the words in the foregoing list are not found in works
written in the Southern dialect,—so far as we at present know them—we
may reasonably suppose that they indicate fairly the Danish element in the
English literature of the 12th and 13th centuries. In the Northumbrian, and
the West, and East-Midland productions of a century later this element
prevails to a much larger extent, and Herbert Coleridge's list of such words
may be largely increased (Phil. Soc. Trans., 1859, p. 26-30).
GRAMMATICAL DETAILS.
(worse).[47]
The Ormulum, being more Northern, contains a larger number of words
that must be referred to one of the Scandinavian idioms:[48]—afell
(strength), afledd (begotten), beȝȝsc (bitter), *blunnt (blunt, dull), bracc
(noise), *braþ (angry), *braþþe (anger), *brodd (shoot), brodden (to
sprout), broþþfall (fit), *bun (ready, bound), *clake (accusation), *croc
(device), *derf (bold), *dill (sluggish), *eggenn (to urge, egg on), *egginng
(urging), *ettle, *flittenn (to remove, flit), *flitting (change, removal),
*forrgart (opposed, condemned), *forrgloppned (disturbed with fear,
astonishment), *gate (way), gowesst (watchest), *haȝherr (dexterous),
haȝherleȝȝc (skill), *haȝherrlike (fitly), hof (moderation), hofelæs
(immoderately), *ille (bad), *immess (variously), *kinndlenn (to kindle),
*lasst (crime, fault), leȝhe (hire, pay), *leȝȝtenn (O.E. layte, inquire, seek),
o-loft (aloft), *loȝhe (fire), *mune (must, will), naþe (grace), nowwt (cattle,
O.N. naut; the Southern form is neet, nete, A.S. neát), *ploh (plough),
*radd (afraid), *ros (praise), *rosen (to boast), *rosinng (boast), rowwst
(voice), *scaldess (poets, O.E. scald, a great talker, boaster, E. scold), *sit
(pain), *sket (quickly), *skirpeþþ (rejecteth), *sloþ (track, path), smikerr
(beautiful, Eng. smug), sowwþess (sheep), stoffnedd (generated, O.E.
stoven, trunk, stem), *summ (as), *till (to), *tór (hard, difficult), *trigg
(true), uppbrixle (object of reproach, O.E. brixle, reproach), usell
(wretched), *wand (rod), *wandraþ, O.E. wandreth (trouble), *werre
(worse).
As most, if not all, of the words in the foregoing list are not found in works
written in the Southern dialect,—so far as we at present know them—we
may reasonably suppose that they indicate fairly the Danish element in the
English literature of the 12th and 13th centuries. In the Northumbrian, and
the West, and East-Midland productions of a century later this element
prevails to a much larger extent, and Herbert Coleridge's list of such words
may be largely increased (Phil. Soc. Trans., 1859, p. 26-30).
GRAMMATICAL DETAILS.
Page 23
I. Nouns.
1. Number.—The plural is generally formed by adding -es to the singular.
Some few nouns make the plural in -en, as feren[49] (companions), fon
(foes), goren (spears), loten (features), sunen (sons), teten (teats), tren
(trees), weden (garments), wunen (laws). The plurals of brother and child
are brethere and childere. Der (deer), erf, orf (cattle), got (goat), neat
(oxen), sep (sheep), scrud (garbs), wrim (reptiles), of the neuter gender, are
uninflected in the plural. Winter, ger (year), and nigt (night), are plural as in
Anglo-Saxon.
2. Gender.—As a general rule the names of inanimate things are of the
neuter gender. The names of towns, however, are considered as masculine.
3. Case.—The genitive singular and plural of masculine and feminine
nouns end in -es. Occasionally proper nouns form the genitive in -is. The
means or instrument occasionally stands in the genitive without the
preposition: 'deades driuen,' influenced by death; 'swerdes slagen,' slain of
the sword; 'teres wet,' wet with tears. Cf. 'floures bred,' bread made with
flour; 'bredes mel,' meal consisting of bread; 'wines drinc,' drink consisting
of wine.
Corresponding to the modern word kinsmen we have such forms as 'daiges-
ligt' (daylight), 'hines-folk' (servants), 'wifeskin' (women). The genitive is
used adverbially, as newes, anew; liues, alive.
We have a few traces of the genitive in -e in the following examples: 'helle
nigt,' l. 89 (hell's night); 'helle bale,' l. 2525 (hell's bale); 'sterre name,' l.
134 (star's name); 'safte same,' l. 349 (shame of form); 'werlde nigt,' l. 1318
(world's night).[50]
The genitive of fader and moder is, as is very seldom the case in Early
English writers, fadres and modres.
An n is often added to the final -e (representing an A.Sax. vowel-ending) in
the nom., dat., and acc. of nouns. For examples, see p. xxi.
1. Number.—The plural is generally formed by adding -es to the singular.
Some few nouns make the plural in -en, as feren[49] (companions), fon
(foes), goren (spears), loten (features), sunen (sons), teten (teats), tren
(trees), weden (garments), wunen (laws). The plurals of brother and child
are brethere and childere. Der (deer), erf, orf (cattle), got (goat), neat
(oxen), sep (sheep), scrud (garbs), wrim (reptiles), of the neuter gender, are
uninflected in the plural. Winter, ger (year), and nigt (night), are plural as in
Anglo-Saxon.
2. Gender.—As a general rule the names of inanimate things are of the
neuter gender. The names of towns, however, are considered as masculine.
3. Case.—The genitive singular and plural of masculine and feminine
nouns end in -es. Occasionally proper nouns form the genitive in -is. The
means or instrument occasionally stands in the genitive without the
preposition: 'deades driuen,' influenced by death; 'swerdes slagen,' slain of
the sword; 'teres wet,' wet with tears. Cf. 'floures bred,' bread made with
flour; 'bredes mel,' meal consisting of bread; 'wines drinc,' drink consisting
of wine.
Corresponding to the modern word kinsmen we have such forms as 'daiges-
ligt' (daylight), 'hines-folk' (servants), 'wifeskin' (women). The genitive is
used adverbially, as newes, anew; liues, alive.
We have a few traces of the genitive in -e in the following examples: 'helle
nigt,' l. 89 (hell's night); 'helle bale,' l. 2525 (hell's bale); 'sterre name,' l.
134 (star's name); 'safte same,' l. 349 (shame of form); 'werlde nigt,' l. 1318
(world's night).[50]
The genitive of fader and moder is, as is very seldom the case in Early
English writers, fadres and modres.
An n is often added to the final -e (representing an A.Sax. vowel-ending) in
the nom., dat., and acc. of nouns. For examples, see p. xxi.
Page 24
II. Adjectives.
1. Adjectives have a definite and an indefinite form; the former is used
when the adjective is preceded by the definite article, a demonstrative
adjective, or possessive pronoun.
Indef. wis (wise), god (good).
Def. wise, gode.
2. Number.—The plural is formed by the addition of e to the singular.
SINGULAR. PLURAL.
fet (fat), fette.
gret (great), grete.
other, othere.
tother, tothere.
But the -e (pl.) is seldom added to the past participle of irregular verbs. This
forms the plurals thes (oblique cases these), this (thise). Tho is the plural of
that.
Cases.—One makes the genitive ones; as, 'ones bles,' of one colour. The
gen. pl. -re occurs in ald-re (= alre), of all; as, 'hure aldre bale,' the bale of
us all; 'here aldre heuedes,' the heads of them all.
Degrees of comparison.—The comparative ends in -ere (-er), the
superlative in -este (est).[51] Very few irregular forms occur in the present
poem.
POSITIVE. COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE.
ille, werre. ——
lite, lesse, leist.
leng,
long, ——
lengere,
mo,
mikel, moste.
mor,
1. Adjectives have a definite and an indefinite form; the former is used
when the adjective is preceded by the definite article, a demonstrative
adjective, or possessive pronoun.
Indef. wis (wise), god (good).
Def. wise, gode.
2. Number.—The plural is formed by the addition of e to the singular.
SINGULAR. PLURAL.
fet (fat), fette.
gret (great), grete.
other, othere.
tother, tothere.
But the -e (pl.) is seldom added to the past participle of irregular verbs. This
forms the plurals thes (oblique cases these), this (thise). Tho is the plural of
that.
Cases.—One makes the genitive ones; as, 'ones bles,' of one colour. The
gen. pl. -re occurs in ald-re (= alre), of all; as, 'hure aldre bale,' the bale of
us all; 'here aldre heuedes,' the heads of them all.
Degrees of comparison.—The comparative ends in -ere (-er), the
superlative in -este (est).[51] Very few irregular forms occur in the present
poem.
POSITIVE. COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE.
ille, werre. ——
lite, lesse, leist.
leng,
long, ——
lengere,
mo,
mikel, moste.
mor,
Page 25
neg, —— neste.
old, eldere, eldeste.
Numerals.—The Northumbrian forms in -nde have superseded the Southern
ones in -the; as, seuende (seventh), egtende (eighth), tende (tenth).[52]
III. Pronouns.
1. The first personal pronoun Ic is never found softened into Ich as in
Laȝamon's Brut, the Ancren Riwle, and other Southern works. I is found
only once or twice throughout the poem.
2. The first and second personal pronouns have a dual as well as a plural
number; as, wit, we two; unc, us two; gunc, you two; gunker, of you two.
3. Hine (hin, in) (acc.) occasionally occurs, but more frequently him (dat.)
does duty for it.
4. Ge, ghe,[53] she, represents the A.Sax. héo (O.E. heo, ho, and hi). The
curious form sge (= sye), as well as sche, occurs for she, the earliest
instance of which is scæ in the A.Sax. Chronicle.
5. The neuter pronoun is written it and not hit, and is frequently used as a
plural. It coalesces with the pronoun ge, ghe[54] (she), and with the preterite
of verbs terminating in -de or -te,[55] and with some few irregular verbs; as,
sagt (saw there), p. 37, l. 1301. The curious form negt (in l. 3964, p. 112) =
neg + it = nigh it.
6. The A.Sax. hi (they) is represented by he = hie.[56] He is common enough
in the Romance of Havelok the Dane.[57]
The pronouns, as has already been shown, coalesce with the plural (acc.) is
(them), and give us the compounds hes, he + them; wes, we + them;[58] mes
= me + hes = one + them.[59]
old, eldere, eldeste.
Numerals.—The Northumbrian forms in -nde have superseded the Southern
ones in -the; as, seuende (seventh), egtende (eighth), tende (tenth).[52]
III. Pronouns.
1. The first personal pronoun Ic is never found softened into Ich as in
Laȝamon's Brut, the Ancren Riwle, and other Southern works. I is found
only once or twice throughout the poem.
2. The first and second personal pronouns have a dual as well as a plural
number; as, wit, we two; unc, us two; gunc, you two; gunker, of you two.
3. Hine (hin, in) (acc.) occasionally occurs, but more frequently him (dat.)
does duty for it.
4. Ge, ghe,[53] she, represents the A.Sax. héo (O.E. heo, ho, and hi). The
curious form sge (= sye), as well as sche, occurs for she, the earliest
instance of which is scæ in the A.Sax. Chronicle.
5. The neuter pronoun is written it and not hit, and is frequently used as a
plural. It coalesces with the pronoun ge, ghe[54] (she), and with the preterite
of verbs terminating in -de or -te,[55] and with some few irregular verbs; as,
sagt (saw there), p. 37, l. 1301. The curious form negt (in l. 3964, p. 112) =
neg + it = nigh it.
6. The A.Sax. hi (they) is represented by he = hie.[56] He is common enough
in the Romance of Havelok the Dane.[57]
The pronouns, as has already been shown, coalesce with the plural (acc.) is
(them), and give us the compounds hes, he + them; wes, we + them;[58] mes
= me + hes = one + them.[59]
Page 26
Not satisfied with joining he (they) to the pronoun is, the author of this
poem occasionally employs the more perplexing combination hem = he +
hem, he, them.
bred kalueſ fleiſ, and flures bred,
Roasted calves' flesh, and flour-bread,
And buttere, hem ðo sondes bed,
And butter, he them the messengers offered.—(l. 1014.)
In ſichem feld ne fonde hem nogt,
In Shechem field found he them not.—(l. 1933.)
Ðo ſette ſundri hem to waken,
Then set sundry he them to watch.—(l. 2551.)
ðo ſeide ðuſ quanne hem cam dun,
Then said thus when he to them came down.—(l. 4022.)
In l. 2673 hem seems to stand for he + hem, they + them.
And hem ſeiden wið anſweren,[60]
And they to them said in answer.
The Southern me, one (Fr. on), is absent from this poem as well as from the
Ormulum; its place is supplied by man and men[61] used with a verb in the
singular number. ðe is frequently used as a relative pronoun as well as ðat,
but uninflected; quo (who), quat (what), are interrogative; whether signifies
which of two.
TABLE OF PRONOUNS.
SINGULAR.
Nom. Ic, I ðu
Gen. min ðin
Dat. me ðe
Acc. me ðe
DUAL. PLURAL. DUAL. PLURAL.
poem occasionally employs the more perplexing combination hem = he +
hem, he, them.
bred kalueſ fleiſ, and flures bred,
Roasted calves' flesh, and flour-bread,
And buttere, hem ðo sondes bed,
And butter, he them the messengers offered.—(l. 1014.)
In ſichem feld ne fonde hem nogt,
In Shechem field found he them not.—(l. 1933.)
Ðo ſette ſundri hem to waken,
Then set sundry he them to watch.—(l. 2551.)
ðo ſeide ðuſ quanne hem cam dun,
Then said thus when he to them came down.—(l. 4022.)
In l. 2673 hem seems to stand for he + hem, they + them.
And hem ſeiden wið anſweren,[60]
And they to them said in answer.
The Southern me, one (Fr. on), is absent from this poem as well as from the
Ormulum; its place is supplied by man and men[61] used with a verb in the
singular number. ðe is frequently used as a relative pronoun as well as ðat,
but uninflected; quo (who), quat (what), are interrogative; whether signifies
which of two.
TABLE OF PRONOUNS.
SINGULAR.
Nom. Ic, I ðu
Gen. min ðin
Dat. me ðe
Acc. me ðe
DUAL. PLURAL. DUAL. PLURAL.
Page 27
Nom. wit we —— ge
Gen. —— ure gunker gure
Dat. —— us —— gu
Acc. unc us gunc gu
SINGULAR.
Nom. He ge, ghe (sge, sche) It
Gen. His Hire Is, His
Dat. Him Hire It
Hin
Acc. Hire It
Him
PLURAL.
Masc. Neut. Interrogative.
Nom. He It Quo
Quase
Gen. Here Here
Was
Dat. Hem It ——
Acc. Hem It Quam
The third personal pronoun is occasionally used reflexively; as him =
himself. Self is used adjectively in the sense of own, very, and the form
selven (from the A.Sax. sylfa) is joined to the personal pronouns; as
ðeselven, himselven, etc.
The independent possessives are min, ðin, his (hise), hire (hers), ure (ours),
gure (yours), here (theirs).[62]
IV. Verbs.
Infinitive Mood.—The infinitive terminates in -en, which is seldom
dropped.
There are no infinitives in -y or -ie, as in Southern English writers, nor do
we find them in the Ormulum, or in Robert of Brunne's "Handlyng Synne,"
Gen. —— ure gunker gure
Dat. —— us —— gu
Acc. unc us gunc gu
SINGULAR.
Nom. He ge, ghe (sge, sche) It
Gen. His Hire Is, His
Dat. Him Hire It
Hin
Acc. Hire It
Him
PLURAL.
Masc. Neut. Interrogative.
Nom. He It Quo
Quase
Gen. Here Here
Was
Dat. Hem It ——
Acc. Hem It Quam
The third personal pronoun is occasionally used reflexively; as him =
himself. Self is used adjectively in the sense of own, very, and the form
selven (from the A.Sax. sylfa) is joined to the personal pronouns; as
ðeselven, himselven, etc.
The independent possessives are min, ðin, his (hise), hire (hers), ure (ours),
gure (yours), here (theirs).[62]
IV. Verbs.
Infinitive Mood.—The infinitive terminates in -en, which is seldom
dropped.
There are no infinitives in -y or -ie, as in Southern English writers, nor do
we find them in the Ormulum, or in Robert of Brunne's "Handlyng Synne,"
Page 28
and they were, most probably, wholly unknown to the East Midland district.
The t in the 2nd pers. sing. pres. is occasionally dropped, as beas (= best),
art, betes, beatest, findes, findest, etc.; but not in the preterite of regular
verbs.
There are no instances of the 3rd pers. sing. present in -es in this poem.
The final e of the first and third persons (sing.) of the preterite tense is often
dropped before a vowel or an h,[63] and, in a few cases, through the
carelessness of the scribe,[64] it is unwritten before a consonant, where we
should expect to, and do, find it in the majority of instances.
Some few strong verbs have become weak, as grapte (grasped, felt), gette
(poured), smette (smote).
Imperative Mood.—Verbs forming the past tense in de or te take no
inflexion in the 2nd pers. sing. imperative.
Participles.—1. The active or imperfect participle ends in -ende or -ande,
the former being the Midland and the latter the Northumbrian form. The
Southern affix is -inde, from which we have the modern -ing (O.E. -inge).
Our author rhymes specande with lockende, and in the Bestiary we find that
the participle in -ande rhymes with an infinitive in -en,[65] and this accounts
for such forms as stinken = stinkende, brennen = brennende, in the present
poem.
2. The passive or perfect participle of regular or weak verbs terminates in -
ed; of irregular or strong verbs in -en. In bigote (begotten), funde (found),
geue (given), the absence of the n is probably an error of the scribe.
3. The prefix i- or y- (A.S. ge-) is not of frequent occurrence either in this
poem or in the Bestiary; in the former we have i-wreken (avenged), i-wrogt
The t in the 2nd pers. sing. pres. is occasionally dropped, as beas (= best),
art, betes, beatest, findes, findest, etc.; but not in the preterite of regular
verbs.
There are no instances of the 3rd pers. sing. present in -es in this poem.
The final e of the first and third persons (sing.) of the preterite tense is often
dropped before a vowel or an h,[63] and, in a few cases, through the
carelessness of the scribe,[64] it is unwritten before a consonant, where we
should expect to, and do, find it in the majority of instances.
Some few strong verbs have become weak, as grapte (grasped, felt), gette
(poured), smette (smote).
Imperative Mood.—Verbs forming the past tense in de or te take no
inflexion in the 2nd pers. sing. imperative.
Participles.—1. The active or imperfect participle ends in -ende or -ande,
the former being the Midland and the latter the Northumbrian form. The
Southern affix is -inde, from which we have the modern -ing (O.E. -inge).
Our author rhymes specande with lockende, and in the Bestiary we find that
the participle in -ande rhymes with an infinitive in -en,[65] and this accounts
for such forms as stinken = stinkende, brennen = brennende, in the present
poem.
2. The passive or perfect participle of regular or weak verbs terminates in -
ed; of irregular or strong verbs in -en. In bigote (begotten), funde (found),
geue (given), the absence of the n is probably an error of the scribe.
3. The prefix i- or y- (A.S. ge-) is not of frequent occurrence either in this
poem or in the Bestiary; in the former we have i-wreken (avenged), i-wrogt
Page 29
(wrought), ybiried (buried), y-oten (called); and in the latter we find i-digt
(arranged).
There are two conjugations of verbs, regular (weak) and irregular (strong).
The regular verbs form their past tense in -ede, -de, or -te; the past
participle ends in -ed, -d, or -t. Irregular verbs form their past tense by a
change of vowel, and the past participle terminates in -en.
CONJUGATION OF REGULAR VERBS.
I. Class. Infinitive Mood—Loven, love.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
Singular. Plural.
1. love, 1. loven,
2. lovest, 2. loven,
3. loveð. 3. loven.
PAST TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
1. lovede, 1. loveden,
2. lovedest, 2. loveden,
3. lovede. 3. loveden.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
love, loven. lovede, loveden.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
[66]
2. love. loveð, love.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT OR ACTIVE. PAST OR PASSIVE.
(arranged).
There are two conjugations of verbs, regular (weak) and irregular (strong).
The regular verbs form their past tense in -ede, -de, or -te; the past
participle ends in -ed, -d, or -t. Irregular verbs form their past tense by a
change of vowel, and the past participle terminates in -en.
CONJUGATION OF REGULAR VERBS.
I. Class. Infinitive Mood—Loven, love.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
Singular. Plural.
1. love, 1. loven,
2. lovest, 2. loven,
3. loveð. 3. loven.
PAST TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
1. lovede, 1. loveden,
2. lovedest, 2. loveden,
3. lovede. 3. loveden.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
love, loven. lovede, loveden.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
[66]
2. love. loveð, love.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT OR ACTIVE. PAST OR PASSIVE.
Page 30
lovande,
loved.
lovende,
II. Class. Infinitive Mood—Heren, hear.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
1. here, heren, 1. herde, herden,
2. herest, heren, 2. herdest, herden,
3. hereð. heren. 3. herde. herden.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural.
here. heren. (Like the Indicative.)
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
[67]
2. her. hereð. here.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. PAST.
herande
herd.
herende
III. Class. Infinitive Mood—Seken, seek.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
1. seke, seken, 1. sogte, sogten,
2. sekest, seken, 2. sogtest, sogten,
loved.
lovende,
II. Class. Infinitive Mood—Heren, hear.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
1. here, heren, 1. herde, herden,
2. herest, heren, 2. herdest, herden,
3. hereð. heren. 3. herde. herden.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural.
here. heren. (Like the Indicative.)
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
[67]
2. her. hereð. here.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. PAST.
herande
herd.
herende
III. Class. Infinitive Mood—Seken, seek.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
1. seke, seken, 1. sogte, sogten,
2. sekest, seken, 2. sogtest, sogten,
Page 31
3. sekeð. seken. 3. sogte. sogten.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural.
seke. seken. (Like the Indicative.)
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
2. sek. sekeð. seke.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. PAST.
sekande
sogt.
sekende
CONJUGATION OF IRREGULAR VERBS.
A. (no change of vowel in the plural preterite.)
Infinitive Mood—Holden, hold.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
1. holde, holden, 1. held, helden,
2. holdest, holden, 2. helde,[68] helden,
3. holdeð. holden. 3. held, helden.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
holde. holden. helde. helden.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural.
seke. seken. (Like the Indicative.)
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
2. sek. sekeð. seke.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. PAST.
sekande
sogt.
sekende
CONJUGATION OF IRREGULAR VERBS.
A. (no change of vowel in the plural preterite.)
Infinitive Mood—Holden, hold.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
1. holde, holden, 1. held, helden,
2. holdest, holden, 2. helde,[68] helden,
3. holdeð. holden. 3. held, helden.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural.
holde. holden. helde. helden.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Page 32
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
2. hold. holdeð. holde.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. PAST.
holdande
holden.
holdand
B. (change of vowel in the preterite plural.)
Infinitive Mood—Helpen, help; singen, sing.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
1. helpe, singe,
2. helpest, singest, helpen, singen.
3. helpeð. singeð.
PAST.
Singular. Plural.
1. halp, sang,
2. holpe,[69] sunge,[69] holpen, sungen.
3. halp. sang.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural.
helpe, singe. holpen, sungen.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
2. help, sing. helpeð, singeð. helpe, singe.
1st form. 2nd form.
2. hold. holdeð. holde.
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. PAST.
holdande
holden.
holdand
B. (change of vowel in the preterite plural.)
Infinitive Mood—Helpen, help; singen, sing.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT TENSE.
Singular. Plural.
1. helpe, singe,
2. helpest, singest, helpen, singen.
3. helpeð. singeð.
PAST.
Singular. Plural.
1. halp, sang,
2. holpe,[69] sunge,[69] holpen, sungen.
3. halp. sang.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PRESENT. PAST.
Singular. Plural.
helpe, singe. holpen, sungen.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Plural.
1st form. 2nd form.
2. help, sing. helpeð, singeð. helpe, singe.
Page 33
PARTICIPLES.
PRESENT. PAST.
helpande, singande,
holpen, sungen.
helpende, singende,
TABLE OF VERBS.
A.—Regular.
Passive
Present. Preterite.
Participle.
Class I. Loven (to love), lovede, loved.
etc. etc. etc.
Class II. (a) Callen (call), calde, cald.
Feden (feed), fedde, fed.
Greden (cry), gredde, gred.
Heren (hear), herde, herd.
Leden (lead), ledde, led.
Sriden (clothe), sridde, srid.
Wenen (think), wende, wend.
etc. etc. etc.
Bimenen (lament), bimente,
(b) biment.
Bitiden (betide), bitidde, bitid.
Delen (divide), delte, delt.
Demen (judge), dempte, dempt.
Kepen (keep), kepte, kept.
Wenden (go), wente, went.
Class
Bigen (buy), bogte, bogt.
III.
Biseken (beseech), bisogte, bisogt.
Biteche (assign), bitagte, bitagt.
Cachen (drive), kagte, kagt.
Lachen (seize), lagte, lagt.
PRESENT. PAST.
helpande, singande,
holpen, sungen.
helpende, singende,
TABLE OF VERBS.
A.—Regular.
Passive
Present. Preterite.
Participle.
Class I. Loven (to love), lovede, loved.
etc. etc. etc.
Class II. (a) Callen (call), calde, cald.
Feden (feed), fedde, fed.
Greden (cry), gredde, gred.
Heren (hear), herde, herd.
Leden (lead), ledde, led.
Sriden (clothe), sridde, srid.
Wenen (think), wende, wend.
etc. etc. etc.
Bimenen (lament), bimente,
(b) biment.
Bitiden (betide), bitidde, bitid.
Delen (divide), delte, delt.
Demen (judge), dempte, dempt.
Kepen (keep), kepte, kept.
Wenden (go), wente, went.
Class
Bigen (buy), bogte, bogt.
III.
Biseken (beseech), bisogte, bisogt.
Biteche (assign), bitagte, bitagt.
Cachen (drive), kagte, kagt.
Lachen (seize), lagte, lagt.
Page 34
Sellen (sell), solde, sold.
Tellen (tell), tolde, told.
Worchen (work), wrogte, wrogt.
B.—IRREGULAR VERBS.
DIVISION I.
bar,
Class I. (a) Beren (bear), boren.
bor,
Bidden (bid), bad, beden.
Bi-speken (speak), bi-spac, bi-speken.
bigeten.
Bigeten (beget), bigat,
bigoten.
Breken (break), brac, broken.
cumen.
Cumen (come), cam,
comen.
Eten (eat), at, eten.
Forgeten (forget), forgat, forgeten.
geven.
Giuen (give), gaf,
given.
nomen.
Nimen (take, go), nam,
numen.
Seren (shear), —— soren.
Stelen (steal), stal, stolen.
Sweren (swear), swor, sworen.
Beten (beat), bet, beten.
Class II. Bidden (ask, entreat), bed, boden.
Biheten bihet, bihoten.
(promise),
Heten het, hoten.
Drepen (slay), —— dropen.
Fallen (fall), fel, fallen.
Forhelen (hide), —— forholen.
Hingen (hang), heng, hangen.
Holden (hold), held, holden.
Lepen (leap), lep, lopen.
Tellen (tell), tolde, told.
Worchen (work), wrogte, wrogt.
B.—IRREGULAR VERBS.
DIVISION I.
bar,
Class I. (a) Beren (bear), boren.
bor,
Bidden (bid), bad, beden.
Bi-speken (speak), bi-spac, bi-speken.
bigeten.
Bigeten (beget), bigat,
bigoten.
Breken (break), brac, broken.
cumen.
Cumen (come), cam,
comen.
Eten (eat), at, eten.
Forgeten (forget), forgat, forgeten.
geven.
Giuen (give), gaf,
given.
nomen.
Nimen (take, go), nam,
numen.
Seren (shear), —— soren.
Stelen (steal), stal, stolen.
Sweren (swear), swor, sworen.
Beten (beat), bet, beten.
Class II. Bidden (ask, entreat), bed, boden.
Biheten bihet, bihoten.
(promise),
Heten het, hoten.
Drepen (slay), —— dropen.
Fallen (fall), fel, fallen.
Forhelen (hide), —— forholen.
Hingen (hang), heng, hangen.
Holden (hold), held, holden.
Lepen (leap), lep, lopen.
Page 35
Leten (leave), let, leten.
Slepen (sleep), slep, slepen.
Wepen (weep), wep, wepen.
Wassen (wash), weis, wassen.
Waxen (wax), wex, waxen.
wroken.
Wreken (avenge), wrek,
wreken.
drog, dragen.
Class III. Dragen (draw),
drug, drogen.
Faren (go), for, faren.
Forsaken (forsake), forsoc, forsaken.
Graven (bury), —— graven.
slog,
Slon (slay), slagen.
slug,
Standen (stand), stod, standen.
Taken (take), toc, taken.
Waken (wake), woc, waken.
DIVISION II.
Class I. At-winden (depart), at-wond. ——
Abreden (awake), abraid. ——
borgen.
Bergen (protect), barg,
borwen.
Binden (bind), bond, bunden.
brusten.
Bresten (burst), brast,
brosten.
Biginnen (begin), bigan, bigunnen.
Delven (buy), dalf, dolven.
Drinken (drink), dranc, drunken.
Figten (fight), fagt, fogten.
fand,
Finden (find), funden.
fond,
gald, golden.
Gelden (requite),
geald, gulden.
Slepen (sleep), slep, slepen.
Wepen (weep), wep, wepen.
Wassen (wash), weis, wassen.
Waxen (wax), wex, waxen.
wroken.
Wreken (avenge), wrek,
wreken.
drog, dragen.
Class III. Dragen (draw),
drug, drogen.
Faren (go), for, faren.
Forsaken (forsake), forsoc, forsaken.
Graven (bury), —— graven.
slog,
Slon (slay), slagen.
slug,
Standen (stand), stod, standen.
Taken (take), toc, taken.
Waken (wake), woc, waken.
DIVISION II.
Class I. At-winden (depart), at-wond. ——
Abreden (awake), abraid. ——
borgen.
Bergen (protect), barg,
borwen.
Binden (bind), bond, bunden.
brusten.
Bresten (burst), brast,
brosten.
Biginnen (begin), bigan, bigunnen.
Delven (buy), dalf, dolven.
Drinken (drink), dranc, drunken.
Figten (fight), fagt, fogten.
fand,
Finden (find), funden.
fond,
gald, golden.
Gelden (requite),
geald, gulden.
Page 36
Helpen (help), halp, holpen.
Melten (melt), malt, molten.
Scriðen (invite), scroð. ——
Singen (sing), sang, sungen.
Sinken (sink), sanc, sunken.
Springen (spring), sprong, sprungen.
Sterfen (die), starf, storven.
Stingen (sting), stong, stungen.
Wergen (defend), warg. ——
Werpen (throw), warp, worpen.
Ðresten (thrust), ðrast. ——
Class II. At-witen (go, depart), atwot. ——
Biten (bite), bot, biten.
Driven (drive), drof, driven.
Gliden (glide), glod, gliden.
Risen (rise), ros, risen.
Sinen (shine), son, sinen.
Smiten (smite), smot, smiten.
Writen (write), wrot, writen.
bed,
Class III. Beden (offer), boden.
bead,
Crepen (creep), crep, cropen.
Chesen (choose), ches, chosen.
Dregen (suffer), dreg, drogen.
fleg,
Flegen (fly), flogen.
flew,
Fleten (float), flet, floten.
forles,
Forlese (lose), forloren.
forleas,
Scheten (shoot), schet. ——
seg, sogen.
Segen (see),
sag, sowen.
Seðen (boil), seð, soden.
Stigen (ascend), steg, stigen.
Ten (go), teg, togen.
Melten (melt), malt, molten.
Scriðen (invite), scroð. ——
Singen (sing), sang, sungen.
Sinken (sink), sanc, sunken.
Springen (spring), sprong, sprungen.
Sterfen (die), starf, storven.
Stingen (sting), stong, stungen.
Wergen (defend), warg. ——
Werpen (throw), warp, worpen.
Ðresten (thrust), ðrast. ——
Class II. At-witen (go, depart), atwot. ——
Biten (bite), bot, biten.
Driven (drive), drof, driven.
Gliden (glide), glod, gliden.
Risen (rise), ros, risen.
Sinen (shine), son, sinen.
Smiten (smite), smot, smiten.
Writen (write), wrot, writen.
bed,
Class III. Beden (offer), boden.
bead,
Crepen (creep), crep, cropen.
Chesen (choose), ches, chosen.
Dregen (suffer), dreg, drogen.
fleg,
Flegen (fly), flogen.
flew,
Fleten (float), flet, floten.
forles,
Forlese (lose), forloren.
forleas,
Scheten (shoot), schet. ——
seg, sogen.
Segen (see),
sag, sowen.
Seðen (boil), seð, soden.
Stigen (ascend), steg, stigen.
Ten (go), teg, togen.
Page 37
Ðen (thrive), ðeg, ðogen.
Anomalous Verbs.
Cunen (can), 3 pers. sing. can, pl. cunen, pret. cuðe, p.p. cuð.
Daren (dare), pres. pl. duren, pret. durste.
Mogen (may), 3 pers. sing. mai, pl. mogen, mowen, pret. migte (2 pers.
pret. migt).
Mot (may), pret. muste.
Ogen (owe, ought), 3 pers. sing. og, pl. ogen, pret. ogte.
Sal (shall), 2 pers. sing. salt, pl. sulen, pret. sulde, pret. pl. sulden.
Witen (know), 3 pers. sing. wot, pret. wiste.
Wilen (will), pret. wulde; nile = will not; nolde = would not.
The verb ben, 'to be,' is conjugated after the following manner:—
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
Singular. Plural.
1. am,
2. art, beas, best, ben, arn[70] (aren).
3. is, beð,
PAST.
Singular. Plural.
Anomalous Verbs.
Cunen (can), 3 pers. sing. can, pl. cunen, pret. cuðe, p.p. cuð.
Daren (dare), pres. pl. duren, pret. durste.
Mogen (may), 3 pers. sing. mai, pl. mogen, mowen, pret. migte (2 pers.
pret. migt).
Mot (may), pret. muste.
Ogen (owe, ought), 3 pers. sing. og, pl. ogen, pret. ogte.
Sal (shall), 2 pers. sing. salt, pl. sulen, pret. sulde, pret. pl. sulden.
Witen (know), 3 pers. sing. wot, pret. wiste.
Wilen (will), pret. wulde; nile = will not; nolde = would not.
The verb ben, 'to be,' is conjugated after the following manner:—
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
Singular. Plural.
1. am,
2. art, beas, best, ben, arn[70] (aren).
3. is, beð,
PAST.
Singular. Plural.
Page 38
1. was,
2. wore, weren, worn (woren, wore).
3. was,
V. Adverbs.
The adverbs hence, thence, whence, do not occur, being superseded by the
Norse forms heðen, ðeðen, queðen.
Adverbial Terminations.—Adverbs are formed from adjectives by the
addition of e; as long (adj.), longe (adv.).
-um (dative) occurs in whilum and seldum.
-es (gen.) in lives, alive, newes, anew.
-en in abouten, aboven, binnen, biforen (foren), bisiden, uten, wiðouten.
VI. Prepositions.
Fro (Northumbrian fra) takes the place of the Southern fram (from), and til
(unknown to Southern writers) occurs frequently for to.
THE METRE OF THE POEM.
The essence of the system of versification which the poet has adopted is,
briefly, that every line shall have four accented syllables in it; the
unaccented syllables being left in some measure, as it were, to take care of
themselves.
The words which Coleridge prefixed to his poem of "Christabel" are by no
means inapplicable here. He says, "I have only to add, that the metre of the
'Christabel' is not, properly speaking, irregular, though it may seem to be so
2. wore, weren, worn (woren, wore).
3. was,
V. Adverbs.
The adverbs hence, thence, whence, do not occur, being superseded by the
Norse forms heðen, ðeðen, queðen.
Adverbial Terminations.—Adverbs are formed from adjectives by the
addition of e; as long (adj.), longe (adv.).
-um (dative) occurs in whilum and seldum.
-es (gen.) in lives, alive, newes, anew.
-en in abouten, aboven, binnen, biforen (foren), bisiden, uten, wiðouten.
VI. Prepositions.
Fro (Northumbrian fra) takes the place of the Southern fram (from), and til
(unknown to Southern writers) occurs frequently for to.
THE METRE OF THE POEM.
The essence of the system of versification which the poet has adopted is,
briefly, that every line shall have four accented syllables in it; the
unaccented syllables being left in some measure, as it were, to take care of
themselves.
The words which Coleridge prefixed to his poem of "Christabel" are by no
means inapplicable here. He says, "I have only to add, that the metre of the
'Christabel' is not, properly speaking, irregular, though it may seem to be so
Page 39
from its being founded on a new (?) principle: namely, that of counting in
each line the accents, not the syllables. Though the latter may vary from
seven to twelve, yet in each line the accents will be found to be only four."
The normal form of the line of the present poem is that simple one of eight
syllables, consisting of four (so-called) iambics, which is so common in
English poetry. But it should be remembered that this line is at all times
convertible with one of seven syllables, generally described as consisting of
three trochees and a long syllable. This is easily exemplified by taking the
first two lines of the Conclusion to the Second Part of Coleridge's
"Christabel."
A lit | tle child | a lim | ber elf ||
Singing | dancing | to it | self ||
This is adopting the common form of scansion given in English prosodies,
which is far from being a very correct method; since to make trochaic and
iambic metres convertible is to introduce all sorts of confusion.
The fact is, that the seven-syllable line, though trochaic to the ear, is really
an iambic line, of which the first syllable is deficient, i.e., supplied by a
pause; and the truer scansion is,
A lit | tle child | a lim | ber elf ||
— Sing | ing danc | ing to | itself ||
At any rate, to adopt this latter method (of beginning to mark off the feet
from the end, instead of from the beginning of the line) will be found to be
far more convenient in practice; since the accented syllables, instead of
drifting about, will thus always be placed at the end of a foot. We should
thus, for instance, introduce the same marking off of syllables in the line,
Ánd | ðe séx | te dá | is ligt || l. 167,
each line the accents, not the syllables. Though the latter may vary from
seven to twelve, yet in each line the accents will be found to be only four."
The normal form of the line of the present poem is that simple one of eight
syllables, consisting of four (so-called) iambics, which is so common in
English poetry. But it should be remembered that this line is at all times
convertible with one of seven syllables, generally described as consisting of
three trochees and a long syllable. This is easily exemplified by taking the
first two lines of the Conclusion to the Second Part of Coleridge's
"Christabel."
A lit | tle child | a lim | ber elf ||
Singing | dancing | to it | self ||
This is adopting the common form of scansion given in English prosodies,
which is far from being a very correct method; since to make trochaic and
iambic metres convertible is to introduce all sorts of confusion.
The fact is, that the seven-syllable line, though trochaic to the ear, is really
an iambic line, of which the first syllable is deficient, i.e., supplied by a
pause; and the truer scansion is,
A lit | tle child | a lim | ber elf ||
— Sing | ing danc | ing to | itself ||
At any rate, to adopt this latter method (of beginning to mark off the feet
from the end, instead of from the beginning of the line) will be found to be
far more convenient in practice; since the accented syllables, instead of
drifting about, will thus always be placed at the end of a foot. We should
thus, for instance, introduce the same marking off of syllables in the line,
Ánd | ðe séx | te dá | is ligt || l. 167,
Page 40
as we have in the line,
ðo cám | ðe fíf | te dá | is ligt || l. 158.
Examples of couplets containing a line of each kind are not uncommon;
thus, ll. 29, 30:—
Fá | der gód | of ál | le ðhínge ||
Almíg | tin lóu | erd hég | est kínge ||
Also lines 289, 290.
And gét | ne kú | ðe hé | nogt blínne ||
Fór | to dón | an óð | er ſínne ||
See also ll. 309, 310; 439, 440, etc.
The introduction of these seven-syllable lines, far from being a defect, is a
natural and agreeable variation, adopted by all our best poets.
The next chief variation to be noted is that two very rapid syllables are
often (as in other English metres) substituted for an unaccented one, as in l.
88:—
Ór | ðe nígt | and áf | ter ðe dáy ||
Again, in l. 93:—
On an óð | er daí | ðis míd | del érd ||
and in l. 474:—
To sché | ten áf | ter ðe wíl | de dér ||
ðo cám | ðe fíf | te dá | is ligt || l. 158.
Examples of couplets containing a line of each kind are not uncommon;
thus, ll. 29, 30:—
Fá | der gód | of ál | le ðhínge ||
Almíg | tin lóu | erd hég | est kínge ||
Also lines 289, 290.
And gét | ne kú | ðe hé | nogt blínne ||
Fór | to dón | an óð | er ſínne ||
See also ll. 309, 310; 439, 440, etc.
The introduction of these seven-syllable lines, far from being a defect, is a
natural and agreeable variation, adopted by all our best poets.
The next chief variation to be noted is that two very rapid syllables are
often (as in other English metres) substituted for an unaccented one, as in l.
88:—
Ór | ðe nígt | and áf | ter ðe dáy ||
Again, in l. 93:—
On an óð | er daí | ðis míd | del érd ||
and in l. 474:—
To sché | ten áf | ter ðe wíl | de dér ||
Page 41
See also ll. 321, 503, 505, 656, etc.; and compare the line from
"Christabel:"
"That shá | dowy in | the moon | light shone ||"
The syllables thus most frequently slurred over—the term elided is but
weak and improper, explaining nothing—are the final syllables -en, -er, -et,
etc., as in ll. 96 and 116:—
Ál | abú | ten ðis wálk | ne sént ||
Was wá | ter and érðe | o ſún | der ſád ||
Some lines—and these sound rather harshly—require a little forcing to
make them conform to the strict type; as, e.g., l. 66, which, to make it agree
with the rest, must be written,
Ín | to ðis ðhíſ | terneſſe hér | bi-néðen ||
A poet's business is, in fact, to take care that the syllables which are to be
rapidly pronounced are such as easily can be so; and that the syllables
which are to be heavily accented are naturally those that ought to be. If he
gives attention to this it does not much matter whether each foot has two or
three syllables in it.
A man is master of his art when he can write—
Come in | to the gar | den, Maud ||
For the black | bat, night, | has flown ||
"Christabel:"
"That shá | dowy in | the moon | light shone ||"
The syllables thus most frequently slurred over—the term elided is but
weak and improper, explaining nothing—are the final syllables -en, -er, -et,
etc., as in ll. 96 and 116:—
Ál | abú | ten ðis wálk | ne sént ||
Was wá | ter and érðe | o ſún | der ſád ||
Some lines—and these sound rather harshly—require a little forcing to
make them conform to the strict type; as, e.g., l. 66, which, to make it agree
with the rest, must be written,
Ín | to ðis ðhíſ | terneſſe hér | bi-néðen ||
A poet's business is, in fact, to take care that the syllables which are to be
rapidly pronounced are such as easily can be so; and that the syllables
which are to be heavily accented are naturally those that ought to be. If he
gives attention to this it does not much matter whether each foot has two or
three syllables in it.
A man is master of his art when he can write—
Come in | to the gar | den, Maud ||
For the black | bat, night, | has flown ||
Page 42
And the wood | bine spi | ces are waf | ted abroad ||
And the musk | of the rose | is blown ||
With respect to the final -en, it should be further noted—
(1) That it is sometimes fully pronounced, as in ll. 87 and 91—
fró | ðat tíme | we tél | len áy ||
ðo gán | hem dá | gen wél | iwíſſe ||
(2) That it is sometimes rapidly slurred over, as in l. 96, already cited; and
(3) That (especially after an r) it is often so pronounced as to be
incorporated with the syllable preceding it, so that the whole word,
supposing it a dissyllable in appearance, becomes monosyllabic in
pronunciation; as in l. 514—
Matú | ſalé | was bóren | iſ ſúne ||
and, again, in l. 655—
Wóren | ſtalwúr | ði bóren | bi tále ||
Thus, we may find the same word written and pronounced as a dissyllable
—
Wó | ren ðáne | don ſóne | a-nón || l. 3591;
and, in another place, written and pronounced as a monosyllable—
In geu | eléngðh | e wórn | it mád || l. 147.
Thus, the n must have been very slightly touched, as is shewn also by the
riming of e and en. Examples, ll. 11, 12; 363, 364, etc.
And the musk | of the rose | is blown ||
With respect to the final -en, it should be further noted—
(1) That it is sometimes fully pronounced, as in ll. 87 and 91—
fró | ðat tíme | we tél | len áy ||
ðo gán | hem dá | gen wél | iwíſſe ||
(2) That it is sometimes rapidly slurred over, as in l. 96, already cited; and
(3) That (especially after an r) it is often so pronounced as to be
incorporated with the syllable preceding it, so that the whole word,
supposing it a dissyllable in appearance, becomes monosyllabic in
pronunciation; as in l. 514—
Matú | ſalé | was bóren | iſ ſúne ||
and, again, in l. 655—
Wóren | ſtalwúr | ði bóren | bi tále ||
Thus, we may find the same word written and pronounced as a dissyllable
—
Wó | ren ðáne | don ſóne | a-nón || l. 3591;
and, in another place, written and pronounced as a monosyllable—
In geu | eléngðh | e wórn | it mád || l. 147.
Thus, the n must have been very slightly touched, as is shewn also by the
riming of e and en. Examples, ll. 11, 12; 363, 364, etc.
Page 43
As to the final -e, it may be observed that it is most frequently pronounced
just when it is most essential, viz., when it marks a grammatical inflexion,
or an adverbial form, as, e.g.:—
Til ihé | sus béð | on Ró | dè dón || l. 386;
and,
Wél | he ſeí | den and ſwí | ðè wél || l. 1645.
In the second place, it is very liable to be slurred over before a vowel
following, as in l. 148—
In Ré | ke-fíl | le on ſún | der ſhád ||
and, thirdly, it is frequently added to words without cause, and is therefore
mute, as in l. 60—
ðat éu | ere ſpróng | in wérld | wíd ||
It seems to be sometimes mute after -ed, when -ede forms part of a verb.
See ll. 1396, 1433, etc.
Attention to the metre may detect errors in the text. Thus, in l. 75, the word
dais is missing:—
forð glód | ðat fír | me [dá | is] lígt ||
See l. 113, which proves the point.
In l. 1846 the definite form of the adjective is required, and strong should
be stronge—
ðe stróng | e gód | of ýs | raél ||
just when it is most essential, viz., when it marks a grammatical inflexion,
or an adverbial form, as, e.g.:—
Til ihé | sus béð | on Ró | dè dón || l. 386;
and,
Wél | he ſeí | den and ſwí | ðè wél || l. 1645.
In the second place, it is very liable to be slurred over before a vowel
following, as in l. 148—
In Ré | ke-fíl | le on ſún | der ſhád ||
and, thirdly, it is frequently added to words without cause, and is therefore
mute, as in l. 60—
ðat éu | ere ſpróng | in wérld | wíd ||
It seems to be sometimes mute after -ed, when -ede forms part of a verb.
See ll. 1396, 1433, etc.
Attention to the metre may detect errors in the text. Thus, in l. 75, the word
dais is missing:—
forð glód | ðat fír | me [dá | is] lígt ||
See l. 113, which proves the point.
In l. 1846 the definite form of the adjective is required, and strong should
be stronge—
ðe stróng | e gód | of ýs | raél ||
Page 44
It has been noted that the first foot of a line sometimes consists of one
syllable only, and that one accented. By a bolder license, this is sometimes
the case not only with the first foot, but with other feet, e.g. with the third
foot. Line 2572:—
Quan é | bru chíld | ſúld | be bóren ||
Again, with the last foot, as in l. 3580, unless we read duste:—
And ſtíred | it ál | to dúſt | ſir ||
Very many other curious variations occur, which the reader will probably
observe for himself with some interest. Thus, in l. 60, just above cited, the
question arises whether or not the r in werld was pronounced with so strong
a burr as to render the word dissyllabic, as is often the case in Scotch poetry
with words containing rl, rn, etc.
CONTRACTIONS USED IN THE GLOSSARY.
A.S. Anglo-Saxon.
Da. Danish.
Du. Dutch.
Allit. Poems, Early English Alliterative Poems (Ed. Morris).
O.E. Old English.
Prov. E. Provincial English.
Fr. French.
Fris. Frisian.
Ger. German.
Goth. Gothic.
M.H.Ger. Middle High German.
O.H.Ger. Old High German.
Laȝ. Laȝamon's Brut (Ed. Sir F. Madden).
Met. Hom. Metrical Homilies (Ed. Small).
syllable only, and that one accented. By a bolder license, this is sometimes
the case not only with the first foot, but with other feet, e.g. with the third
foot. Line 2572:—
Quan é | bru chíld | ſúld | be bóren ||
Again, with the last foot, as in l. 3580, unless we read duste:—
And ſtíred | it ál | to dúſt | ſir ||
Very many other curious variations occur, which the reader will probably
observe for himself with some interest. Thus, in l. 60, just above cited, the
question arises whether or not the r in werld was pronounced with so strong
a burr as to render the word dissyllabic, as is often the case in Scotch poetry
with words containing rl, rn, etc.
CONTRACTIONS USED IN THE GLOSSARY.
A.S. Anglo-Saxon.
Da. Danish.
Du. Dutch.
Allit. Poems, Early English Alliterative Poems (Ed. Morris).
O.E. Old English.
Prov. E. Provincial English.
Fr. French.
Fris. Frisian.
Ger. German.
Goth. Gothic.
M.H.Ger. Middle High German.
O.H.Ger. Old High German.
Laȝ. Laȝamon's Brut (Ed. Sir F. Madden).
Met. Hom. Metrical Homilies (Ed. Small).
Page 45
O.N. Old Norse.
Orm. Ormulum.
P. of C. Hampole's Pricke of Conscience (Ed. Morris).
Prompt. Parv. Promptorium Parvulorum (Ed. Way).
S.Sax. Semi-Saxon.
Sw. Swedish.
1]
My obligations to Mr Skeat (in whose accuracy and judgment I have the
fullest confidence) are numerous; and I am indebted to him, among other
obligations, for the description of the manuscript, and for some interesting
remarks upon the metre of the poem. My thanks are also due to the Rev. J. R.
Lumby, who most kindly and readily re-collated the text with the manuscript.
2]
It is thus described—wrongly, of course, as to age—in the printed catalogue
of the Corpus manuscripts:—"ccccxliv. A parchment book in 8vo., written in
he xv. century, containing the history of Genesis and Exodus in Old English
verse."
3]
From lines 19-26 we might infer that our author intended to include in his
song much more of the Bible narrative than we have in the present work.
4]
Father, God of all things, Almighty Lord, highest of kings, Give thou me a
propitious season (enable thou me successfully), to show this world's
beginning, Thee, Lord God, to honour, whetherso I read or sing.
5]
The following are the chief omissions:—1. Genesis, chapters ii. 10-14; ix.
20-27, x. 2-7, 10-32; xxiii. 3-20; xxx. 1-5, 14-16, 37-43; xxxi. 1-17; xxxvi.;
xxxviii.; xlviii.; xlix. 1-27. 2. Exodus, chapters xii. 40-51; xiii. 1-16; xx. 20-
26; xxi.; xxii.; xxiii.; xxv.; xxvi.; xxvii.; xxviii.; xxix.; xxx.; xxxi.; xxxiii. 12-
23; xxxiv. 1-32; xxxv.; xxxvi.; xxxvii.; xxxviii.; xxxix.; xl.
Orm. Ormulum.
P. of C. Hampole's Pricke of Conscience (Ed. Morris).
Prompt. Parv. Promptorium Parvulorum (Ed. Way).
S.Sax. Semi-Saxon.
Sw. Swedish.
1]
My obligations to Mr Skeat (in whose accuracy and judgment I have the
fullest confidence) are numerous; and I am indebted to him, among other
obligations, for the description of the manuscript, and for some interesting
remarks upon the metre of the poem. My thanks are also due to the Rev. J. R.
Lumby, who most kindly and readily re-collated the text with the manuscript.
2]
It is thus described—wrongly, of course, as to age—in the printed catalogue
of the Corpus manuscripts:—"ccccxliv. A parchment book in 8vo., written in
he xv. century, containing the history of Genesis and Exodus in Old English
verse."
3]
From lines 19-26 we might infer that our author intended to include in his
song much more of the Bible narrative than we have in the present work.
4]
Father, God of all things, Almighty Lord, highest of kings, Give thou me a
propitious season (enable thou me successfully), to show this world's
beginning, Thee, Lord God, to honour, whetherso I read or sing.
5]
The following are the chief omissions:—1. Genesis, chapters ii. 10-14; ix.
20-27, x. 2-7, 10-32; xxiii. 3-20; xxx. 1-5, 14-16, 37-43; xxxi. 1-17; xxxvi.;
xxxviii.; xlviii.; xlix. 1-27. 2. Exodus, chapters xii. 40-51; xiii. 1-16; xx. 20-
26; xxi.; xxii.; xxiii.; xxv.; xxvi.; xxvii.; xxviii.; xxix.; xxx.; xxxi.; xxxiii. 12-
23; xxxiv. 1-32; xxxv.; xxxvi.; xxxvii.; xxxviii.; xxxix.; xl.
Page 46
6]
Numbers, chapters xi.; xii.; xiii.; xiv.; xvi.; xvii.; xix.; xx.; xxi.; xxii.; xxiii.;
xxiv.; xxv.; xxvi.; xxvii.; xxxi. Deut. xxxiv.
7]
Natural marks?
8]
MS. in-sile.
9]
The Bestiary presents not only the same grammatical and verbal forms which
distinguish the Genesis and Exodus from other Early English compositions,
but also its orthographical peculiarities, e.g. ſ for sch; ð for th; g for y and ȝ
(gh), etc. The editor assigns this poem to the early part of the thirteenth
century.
10]
Warton assigned it to the reign of Henry II. or Richard I.; Sir F. Madden to
he time of Henry III. (1216-1272).
11]
Those employed (about fifty altogether) are more or less technical—aucter,
auter, astronomige, arsmetrike, bigamie, bissop, crisme, charité, canticle,
circumcis, corune, crune, desert, graunte, gruchede, holocaust, hostel,
urnee, iusted (allied), lecherie, lepre, mount, mester, meister, neve (nephew),
offiz, pais, plente, pore, present, prest, pris, prisun, promissioun, prophet,
roche, sacrede, scité (city), spirit, spices, suriurn (sojourn), swinacie
(quinsy), serue, seruice, ydeles, ydolatrie.
Numbers, chapters xi.; xii.; xiii.; xiv.; xvi.; xvii.; xix.; xx.; xxi.; xxii.; xxiii.;
xxiv.; xxv.; xxvi.; xxvii.; xxxi. Deut. xxxiv.
7]
Natural marks?
8]
MS. in-sile.
9]
The Bestiary presents not only the same grammatical and verbal forms which
distinguish the Genesis and Exodus from other Early English compositions,
but also its orthographical peculiarities, e.g. ſ for sch; ð for th; g for y and ȝ
(gh), etc. The editor assigns this poem to the early part of the thirteenth
century.
10]
Warton assigned it to the reign of Henry II. or Richard I.; Sir F. Madden to
he time of Henry III. (1216-1272).
11]
Those employed (about fifty altogether) are more or less technical—aucter,
auter, astronomige, arsmetrike, bigamie, bissop, crisme, charité, canticle,
circumcis, corune, crune, desert, graunte, gruchede, holocaust, hostel,
urnee, iusted (allied), lecherie, lepre, mount, mester, meister, neve (nephew),
offiz, pais, plente, pore, present, prest, pris, prisun, promissioun, prophet,
roche, sacrede, scité (city), spirit, spices, suriurn (sojourn), swinacie
(quinsy), serue, seruice, ydeles, ydolatrie.
Page 47
12]
Since writing the above I have printed for the Early English Text Society
"Old English Homilies, 2nd Series," which are earlier than the Ormulum, and
contain many East Midland peculiarities. "The Wooing of Our Lord" in Old
English Homilies, 1st Series, contains some peculiarities of the West Midland
dialect.
13]
See Preface to O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
14]
It must be recollected that the Ormulum is much earlier than the Story of
Genesis and Exodus.
15]
See Ormulum, Introduction, p. lxxviii., note 105; lxxxi., note 112.
16]
While agreeing with the editor of the Ormulum, that the simplicity of
grammatical forms may fairly be considered as indicating a less artificial, and
herefore advanced, stage of the language, I cannot adopt his theory, that "the
strict rules of grammar" were therefore abandoned, and thereby was
anticipated, to a certain extent, a later phraseology and structure; or that Orm,
or any other O.E. writer, ever sacrificed "the more regular for a simpler,
hough more corrupt, structure and style." It must always be borne in mind
hat our earlier writers always speak of their language as English; but it was
he English of the district in which they lived. In some districts, as in the
Northumbrian, for instance, the language underwent certain changes at a very
early period, which more Southern dialects did not adopt for more than a
century afterwards: thus, in works of the 14th century, we find the Midland
more archaic than the Northumbrian, and the Southern more archaic than
either. Authors seeking to become popular would write in the dialect best
understood by their readers, without considering whether it was simple or
complex. Thus the Ayenbite of Inwyt (A.D. 1340), written for the men of
Kent, contains far more of the older inflectional forms than the Ormulum of
he twelfth century.
Since writing the above I have printed for the Early English Text Society
"Old English Homilies, 2nd Series," which are earlier than the Ormulum, and
contain many East Midland peculiarities. "The Wooing of Our Lord" in Old
English Homilies, 1st Series, contains some peculiarities of the West Midland
dialect.
13]
See Preface to O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
14]
It must be recollected that the Ormulum is much earlier than the Story of
Genesis and Exodus.
15]
See Ormulum, Introduction, p. lxxviii., note 105; lxxxi., note 112.
16]
While agreeing with the editor of the Ormulum, that the simplicity of
grammatical forms may fairly be considered as indicating a less artificial, and
herefore advanced, stage of the language, I cannot adopt his theory, that "the
strict rules of grammar" were therefore abandoned, and thereby was
anticipated, to a certain extent, a later phraseology and structure; or that Orm,
or any other O.E. writer, ever sacrificed "the more regular for a simpler,
hough more corrupt, structure and style." It must always be borne in mind
hat our earlier writers always speak of their language as English; but it was
he English of the district in which they lived. In some districts, as in the
Northumbrian, for instance, the language underwent certain changes at a very
early period, which more Southern dialects did not adopt for more than a
century afterwards: thus, in works of the 14th century, we find the Midland
more archaic than the Northumbrian, and the Southern more archaic than
either. Authors seeking to become popular would write in the dialect best
understood by their readers, without considering whether it was simple or
complex. Thus the Ayenbite of Inwyt (A.D. 1340), written for the men of
Kent, contains far more of the older inflectional forms than the Ormulum of
he twelfth century.
Page 48
17]
Southern writers before 1340 formed the g.s. of fem. nouns in -e and not in -
es.
18]
In the Southern dialect the article had separate forms for the nominative fem.
(theo, tho), and neuter (thet, that); the fem. gen. sing. (thar, ther), and the
masc. acc. (than, then).
19]
See Ormulum, Introduction, p. lxxviii., note 105.
20]
Sinden, are, occurs in the Ormulum and the Bestiary, but is not employed in
he present poem.
21]
These forms occur in O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
22]
In O.E. Hom., 2nd Series, we find hes = them. See Moral Ode, l. 186, O.E.
Hom., 2nd Series: "wel diere he hes bohte."
23]
Robt. of Gloucester, Shoreham, Dan. Michel's Ayenbite of Inwyt.
24]
Deep he them buried under an oak.
25]
For Solomon find them shall.
26]
He took them.
Southern writers before 1340 formed the g.s. of fem. nouns in -e and not in -
es.
18]
In the Southern dialect the article had separate forms for the nominative fem.
(theo, tho), and neuter (thet, that); the fem. gen. sing. (thar, ther), and the
masc. acc. (than, then).
19]
See Ormulum, Introduction, p. lxxviii., note 105.
20]
Sinden, are, occurs in the Ormulum and the Bestiary, but is not employed in
he present poem.
21]
These forms occur in O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
22]
In O.E. Hom., 2nd Series, we find hes = them. See Moral Ode, l. 186, O.E.
Hom., 2nd Series: "wel diere he hes bohte."
23]
Robt. of Gloucester, Shoreham, Dan. Michel's Ayenbite of Inwyt.
24]
Deep he them buried under an oak.
25]
For Solomon find them shall.
26]
He took them.
Page 49
27]
All his footsteps after him he filleth, draweth dust with his tail where he
steppeth, or dust or dew (moisture), that they are not able to find them.
28]
I have in one case taken the liberty of separating the pronoun from the verb
(for the convenience of the reader), giving the MS. reading in the margin; but
I am sorry now that I did not let them stand as in the original copy.
29]
Mes = me + es = one, them, occurs in O. E. Hom., 2nd Series.
30]
All he them had (he had them all) with might begotten (obtained).
31]
Undealt (undivided) he them laid, whereso he them brought.
32]
The dove hath habits good,
All we them ought to have in mind
(i.e. we ought to have them all in mind).
33]
Bilhah two children bore by him,
Rachel called them Dan, Naphtali;
And Zilpah two sons to him bore,
Leah called them Gad and Asher.
34]
The tabernacle he put them in.
35]
He set them in the firmament.
All his footsteps after him he filleth, draweth dust with his tail where he
steppeth, or dust or dew (moisture), that they are not able to find them.
28]
I have in one case taken the liberty of separating the pronoun from the verb
(for the convenience of the reader), giving the MS. reading in the margin; but
I am sorry now that I did not let them stand as in the original copy.
29]
Mes = me + es = one, them, occurs in O. E. Hom., 2nd Series.
30]
All he them had (he had them all) with might begotten (obtained).
31]
Undealt (undivided) he them laid, whereso he them brought.
32]
The dove hath habits good,
All we them ought to have in mind
(i.e. we ought to have them all in mind).
33]
Bilhah two children bore by him,
Rachel called them Dan, Naphtali;
And Zilpah two sons to him bore,
Leah called them Gad and Asher.
34]
The tabernacle he put them in.
35]
He set them in the firmament.
Page 50
36]
ðei occurs once only in the present poem, þeȝȝr, þeȝȝm, not at all; it occurs
wice in O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
37]
Philolog. Soc. Proceedings, vol. i. pp. 73, 261. Almigtin, almighty, p. 2, l. 30,
s the only adjective I find with this termination.
38]
The dative of the A.S. bóc was béc.
39]
gebroðeren (A.S. broðru) occurs in the Semi-Sax. Gospels.
40]
A.S. cealfru.
41]
cildru.
42]
dura.
43]
ægru.
44]
handa.
45]
cý.
46]
ambru.
ðei occurs once only in the present poem, þeȝȝr, þeȝȝm, not at all; it occurs
wice in O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
37]
Philolog. Soc. Proceedings, vol. i. pp. 73, 261. Almigtin, almighty, p. 2, l. 30,
s the only adjective I find with this termination.
38]
The dative of the A.S. bóc was béc.
39]
gebroðeren (A.S. broðru) occurs in the Semi-Sax. Gospels.
40]
A.S. cealfru.
41]
cildru.
42]
dura.
43]
ægru.
44]
handa.
45]
cý.
46]
ambru.
Page 51
47]
greiðe (prepare), kipte (seized), lit (stain), liðe (listen), mal (speech),
witterlike (truly), are found in Southern English, and may be the remains of
he Anglian element in the A.Saxon.
48]
Those marked * thus constantly occur in Northumbrian and Midland works
(with Northern peculiarities) of the 14th century.
49]
fere occurs for feren, so senwe = sinews (A.S. sinu, sing., sina, pl.).
50]
As a rule fem. nouns, and nouns of the n declension, take the inflexion -es;
as, 'sinnes same' (sin's shame), 'sowles frame' (soul's profit), 'helles male'
(hell's mail), 'werldes drof' (world's assembly). The Bestiary contains the
following genitives in -e:—'nese smel' (O.E. Miscell., p. 1), 'welle grund' (Ib.,
p. 3), 'kirke dure' (Ib., p. 6), 'soule drink' (Ib., p. 7), 'soule spuse' (Ib., p. 23),
helle pine' (Ib., p. 24).
51]
The forms in -er, -est, are properly adverbial and not adjectival.
52]
tigðe = tithe, tenth, occurs in l. 895, and tigðes in l. 1628.
53]
Orm uses the more Northern ȝho (Northumbrian sco).
54]
get = she it: "al get bit otwinne," she biteth it all in two (Bestiary, O.E.
Miscell., p. 9).
55]
See p. xix.
greiðe (prepare), kipte (seized), lit (stain), liðe (listen), mal (speech),
witterlike (truly), are found in Southern English, and may be the remains of
he Anglian element in the A.Saxon.
48]
Those marked * thus constantly occur in Northumbrian and Midland works
(with Northern peculiarities) of the 14th century.
49]
fere occurs for feren, so senwe = sinews (A.S. sinu, sing., sina, pl.).
50]
As a rule fem. nouns, and nouns of the n declension, take the inflexion -es;
as, 'sinnes same' (sin's shame), 'sowles frame' (soul's profit), 'helles male'
(hell's mail), 'werldes drof' (world's assembly). The Bestiary contains the
following genitives in -e:—'nese smel' (O.E. Miscell., p. 1), 'welle grund' (Ib.,
p. 3), 'kirke dure' (Ib., p. 6), 'soule drink' (Ib., p. 7), 'soule spuse' (Ib., p. 23),
helle pine' (Ib., p. 24).
51]
The forms in -er, -est, are properly adverbial and not adjectival.
52]
tigðe = tithe, tenth, occurs in l. 895, and tigðes in l. 1628.
53]
Orm uses the more Northern ȝho (Northumbrian sco).
54]
get = she it: "al get bit otwinne," she biteth it all in two (Bestiary, O.E.
Miscell., p. 9).
55]
See p. xix.
Page 52
56]
ðei occurs but once only.
57]
O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
58]
See pp. xix, xx.
59]
See Preface to O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
60]
If godes = god's, seiden (pl.) may be an error for seide (sing.), and hem will
hen = he + hem, he them.
61]
Chaucer constantly uses men with a verb in the singular number, third
person. See Notes and Queries for Feb. 8th, 1873, where I have shown that
he West-Midland substituted men for the Southern me.
62]
The genitive and possessive are denoted by one form; as, ure, of us; gure, of
you; here, of them.
63]
Because elided in these cases.
64]
The Bestiary is far more accurate in this respect.
65]
gangande rhymes with standen (O.E. Miscell., p. 21, ll. 654, 655).
66]
ðei occurs but once only.
57]
O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
58]
See pp. xix, xx.
59]
See Preface to O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
60]
If godes = god's, seiden (pl.) may be an error for seide (sing.), and hem will
hen = he + hem, he them.
61]
Chaucer constantly uses men with a verb in the singular number, third
person. See Notes and Queries for Feb. 8th, 1873, where I have shown that
he West-Midland substituted men for the Southern me.
62]
The genitive and possessive are denoted by one form; as, ure, of us; gure, of
you; here, of them.
63]
Because elided in these cases.
64]
The Bestiary is far more accurate in this respect.
65]
gangande rhymes with standen (O.E. Miscell., p. 21, ll. 654, 655).
66]
Page 53
This form is used when the pronoun follows.
67]
Followed by the pronoun.
68]
The second person of irregular verbs (pret.) does not occur in the poem. In
he Ormulum the inflection is -e, which is occasionally dropped.
69]
These forms do not occur in the poem.
70]
Sinden = are, occurs in the Bestiary and the Ormulum. Sinde and senden in
O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
67]
Followed by the pronoun.
68]
The second person of irregular verbs (pret.) does not occur in the poem. In
he Ormulum the inflection is -e, which is occasionally dropped.
69]
These forms do not occur in the poem.
70]
Sinden = are, occurs in the Bestiary and the Ormulum. Sinde and senden in
O.E. Hom., 2nd Series.
Page 54
THE STORY OF GENESIS AND EXODUS, ETC.
Man ought to love
MAn og to luuen ðat rimes ren, those who instruct the
lewd,
ðe Wiſſeð wel ðe logede men,
hu man may him wel loken
ðog he ne be lered on no boken, 4 so that he who is not
book-learned may
Luuen god and ſeruen him ay, love and serve God.
For he it hem wel gelden may,
And to alle criſtenei men
beren paiſ and luue bi-twen; 8 God shall love all
Christian men, and
ðan ſal him almightin luuen, give them soul-rest
Her bi-neðen and ðund[71] abuuen,
And giuen him bliſſe and ſoules reſte[n]
12 that shall last
ðat him ſal earuermor[72] leſten. evermore.
Out of Latin is this
Ut of latin ðis ſong is dragen song turned into
English speech.
on engleis ſpeche, on ſoðe ſagen;
Cristene men ogen ben ſo fagen Christian men ought to
16 be as glad as birds are
ſo fueles arn quan he it ſen dagen, of dawn to hear the
ðan man hem telled soðe tale story
Wid[73] londes ſpeche and wordes ſmale,
Of bliſſes dune, of ſorwes dale; of man's bliss and
20 sorrow,
Quhu lucifer, ðat deuel dwale,
[Brogte mankinde in sinne and bale]
And held hem ſperd in helles male and how salvation
came through Christ,
til god ſrid him in manliched,
dede mankinde bote and red, 24
And unſpered al ðe fendes ſped, and destroyed the
power of Satan.
And halp ðor he ſag mikel ned.
71]
read gund?
72]
Man ought to love
MAn og to luuen ðat rimes ren, those who instruct the
lewd,
ðe Wiſſeð wel ðe logede men,
hu man may him wel loken
ðog he ne be lered on no boken, 4 so that he who is not
book-learned may
Luuen god and ſeruen him ay, love and serve God.
For he it hem wel gelden may,
And to alle criſtenei men
beren paiſ and luue bi-twen; 8 God shall love all
Christian men, and
ðan ſal him almightin luuen, give them soul-rest
Her bi-neðen and ðund[71] abuuen,
And giuen him bliſſe and ſoules reſte[n]
12 that shall last
ðat him ſal earuermor[72] leſten. evermore.
Out of Latin is this
Ut of latin ðis ſong is dragen song turned into
English speech.
on engleis ſpeche, on ſoðe ſagen;
Cristene men ogen ben ſo fagen Christian men ought to
16 be as glad as birds are
ſo fueles arn quan he it ſen dagen, of dawn to hear the
ðan man hem telled soðe tale story
Wid[73] londes ſpeche and wordes ſmale,
Of bliſſes dune, of ſorwes dale; of man's bliss and
20 sorrow,
Quhu lucifer, ðat deuel dwale,
[Brogte mankinde in sinne and bale]
And held hem ſperd in helles male and how salvation
came through Christ,
til god ſrid him in manliched,
dede mankinde bote and red, 24
And unſpered al ðe fendes ſped, and destroyed the
power of Satan.
And halp ðor he ſag mikel ned.
71]
read gund?
72]
Page 55
So in MS.
73]
read wið
GOD MADE HEAVEN AND EARTH BY HIS WORD.
Biddi[74] hic ſingen non oðer led,
ðog[75] hic folgen idel-hed. 28
[Fol. 1b.]
FAder god of alle ðhinge, Father, God of all
things,
Almigtin louerd, hegeſt kinge,
ðu giue me ſeli timinge enable thou me to sing
32 this world's creation,
To thaunen ðis werdes biginninge,
ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge,
Queðer ſo hic rede or ſinge!
wrought with wit,
Wit, and wisdam, and luue godd, wisdom, and good
love.
And fer ear biðohte al in his modd, 36
In his wiſdom was al biðogt In the Creator's
wisdom was all
Ear ðanne it was on werlde brogt. devised ere it came
In firme bigini[n]g, of nogt into being.
Was heuene and erðe ſamen wrogt; 40 Heaven and earth were
wrought when God
ðo bad god wurðen ſtund and ſtede, bad exist time and
ðis middes werld ðor-inne[76] he dede, place.
Al was ðat firme ðroſing in nigt, First all was night.
Til he wit hiſe word made ligt; 44
Of hiſe word, ðu wiſſike mune, Light came by God's
word, that is, His Son.
Hiſe word, ðat is, hiſe wiſe ſune,
ðe was of hin fer ear bi-foren
Or ani werldes time boren; 48 He existed long before
time.
And of hem two ðat leue luuen,
ðe welden al her and abuuen, These two rule all
things with wisdom.
ðat heli luue, ða[t] wiſe wil,
ðat weldet alle ðinge wit rigt and [ſ]kil; 52
Migt bat wit word wurðen ligt, In the Godhead there
are three persons of
(Hali froure welt oc ðat migt; one counsel and
might.
73]
read wið
GOD MADE HEAVEN AND EARTH BY HIS WORD.
Biddi[74] hic ſingen non oðer led,
ðog[75] hic folgen idel-hed. 28
[Fol. 1b.]
FAder god of alle ðhinge, Father, God of all
things,
Almigtin louerd, hegeſt kinge,
ðu giue me ſeli timinge enable thou me to sing
32 this world's creation,
To thaunen ðis werdes biginninge,
ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge,
Queðer ſo hic rede or ſinge!
wrought with wit,
Wit, and wisdam, and luue godd, wisdom, and good
love.
And fer ear biðohte al in his modd, 36
In his wiſdom was al biðogt In the Creator's
wisdom was all
Ear ðanne it was on werlde brogt. devised ere it came
In firme bigini[n]g, of nogt into being.
Was heuene and erðe ſamen wrogt; 40 Heaven and earth were
wrought when God
ðo bad god wurðen ſtund and ſtede, bad exist time and
ðis middes werld ðor-inne[76] he dede, place.
Al was ðat firme ðroſing in nigt, First all was night.
Til he wit hiſe word made ligt; 44
Of hiſe word, ðu wiſſike mune, Light came by God's
word, that is, His Son.
Hiſe word, ðat is, hiſe wiſe ſune,
ðe was of hin fer ear bi-foren
Or ani werldes time boren; 48 He existed long before
time.
And of hem two ðat leue luuen,
ðe welden al her and abuuen, These two rule all
things with wisdom.
ðat heli luue, ða[t] wiſe wil,
ðat weldet alle ðinge wit rigt and [ſ]kil; 52
Migt bat wit word wurðen ligt, In the Godhead there
are three persons of
(Hali froure welt oc ðat migt; one counsel and
might.
Page 56
for ðhre perſones and on reed, [Fol. 2.]
On migt and on godfulhed.) 56
ðo ſo wurð ligt ſo god it bad, Light came at the
divine command.
fro ðiſterneſſe o ſunde[r] ſad;
ðat waſ ðe firme morgen tid, Then was the first
60 morning time that ever
ðat euere ſprong in werld[e] wid. sprang in the world.
74]
read bidde
75]
may' is inserted between 'ðog' and 'hic' in a later hand.
76]
MS. īme.
THE DEVIL'S FALL FROM HEAVEN. THE FIRST LIGHT DAWNS.
wid ðat ligt worn angles wrogt, With that light were
angels made,
And in-to newe heuene brogt,
ðat iſ ouer dis[77] walkenes turn, and brought into a new
heaven.
God hem quuad ðor ſeli ſuriurn; 64
Summe for pride fellen ðeðen, Some for pride fell
thence into nether
In-to ðis ðhiſterneſſe her bi-neðen; darkness.
Pride made angel deuel dwale, Pride turned angels
68 into devils, who
ðat made ilc ſorge, and euerilc bale, became the source of
And euerilc wunder, and euerilc wo, every sorrow, bale,
ðat iſ, or ſal ben euere mo. and woe.
He was mad on ðe ſunedai, The devil was made
72 on the Sunday and fell
He fel out on ðe munendai; out on the Monday.
(ðis ik wort in ebriſſe wen,
He witen ðe ſoðe ðat iſ ſen.)
forð glod ðat firme [dais] ligt, Forth glided the first
76 light, and afterwards
And after glod ðat firme nigt; the first night.
The dawning came
ðe daigening cam eſt[78] a-gon, again.
On migt and on godfulhed.) 56
ðo ſo wurð ligt ſo god it bad, Light came at the
divine command.
fro ðiſterneſſe o ſunde[r] ſad;
ðat waſ ðe firme morgen tid, Then was the first
60 morning time that ever
ðat euere ſprong in werld[e] wid. sprang in the world.
74]
read bidde
75]
may' is inserted between 'ðog' and 'hic' in a later hand.
76]
MS. īme.
THE DEVIL'S FALL FROM HEAVEN. THE FIRST LIGHT DAWNS.
wid ðat ligt worn angles wrogt, With that light were
angels made,
And in-to newe heuene brogt,
ðat iſ ouer dis[77] walkenes turn, and brought into a new
heaven.
God hem quuad ðor ſeli ſuriurn; 64
Summe for pride fellen ðeðen, Some for pride fell
thence into nether
In-to ðis ðhiſterneſſe her bi-neðen; darkness.
Pride made angel deuel dwale, Pride turned angels
68 into devils, who
ðat made ilc ſorge, and euerilc bale, became the source of
And euerilc wunder, and euerilc wo, every sorrow, bale,
ðat iſ, or ſal ben euere mo. and woe.
He was mad on ðe ſunedai, The devil was made
72 on the Sunday and fell
He fel out on ðe munendai; out on the Monday.
(ðis ik wort in ebriſſe wen,
He witen ðe ſoðe ðat iſ ſen.)
forð glod ðat firme [dais] ligt, Forth glided the first
76 light, and afterwards
And after glod ðat firme nigt; the first night.
The dawning came
ðe daigening cam eſt[78] a-gon, again.
Page 57
His firme kinde dei was a-gon, Thus in the welkin's
course comes day and
On walkenes turn wid dai and nigt night "of twenty-four
Of foure and twenti time rigt; 80 hours right."
ðes frenkis men o france moal, [Fol. 2b.]
it nemnen "un iur natural;"
And euere gede ðe dai biforn, So ever came the day
84 first,
ſiðen ðat newe werld was boren,
Til ihesus criſt fro helle nam, till Christ brought his
saints from hell.
Hiſ quemed wid[79] eue and adam;
fro ðat time we tellen ay, From that time we
88 ever reckon first the
Or ðe nigt and after ðe day, night and then the day.
for god ledde hem fro helle nigt For God led them
from Hell's might into
to paradises leue ligt; Paradise's bright light.
ðo gan hem dagen wel iwiſſe,
Quan god hem ledde in-to bliſſe. 92
On the second day the
On an oðer dai ðiſ middel-erd, earth was enclosed by
the firmament,
waſ al luken and a-buten ſperd;
ðo god bad ben ðe firmament,
Al abuten ðis walkne ſent, 96
77]
read ðis
78]
read eft
79]
read wið
THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH ARE PARTED.
Of watres froren, of yſeſ wal, by frozen waters and
wall of ice.
ðis middel werld it luket al;—
May no fir get melten ðat yſ; No fire has ever yet
100 melted this ice.
He ðe it made iſ migtful and wis,—
course comes day and
On walkenes turn wid dai and nigt night "of twenty-four
Of foure and twenti time rigt; 80 hours right."
ðes frenkis men o france moal, [Fol. 2b.]
it nemnen "un iur natural;"
And euere gede ðe dai biforn, So ever came the day
84 first,
ſiðen ðat newe werld was boren,
Til ihesus criſt fro helle nam, till Christ brought his
saints from hell.
Hiſ quemed wid[79] eue and adam;
fro ðat time we tellen ay, From that time we
88 ever reckon first the
Or ðe nigt and after ðe day, night and then the day.
for god ledde hem fro helle nigt For God led them
from Hell's might into
to paradises leue ligt; Paradise's bright light.
ðo gan hem dagen wel iwiſſe,
Quan god hem ledde in-to bliſſe. 92
On the second day the
On an oðer dai ðiſ middel-erd, earth was enclosed by
the firmament,
waſ al luken and a-buten ſperd;
ðo god bad ben ðe firmament,
Al abuten ðis walkne ſent, 96
77]
read ðis
78]
read eft
79]
read wið
THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH ARE PARTED.
Of watres froren, of yſeſ wal, by frozen waters and
wall of ice.
ðis middel werld it luket al;—
May no fir get melten ðat yſ; No fire has ever yet
100 melted this ice.
He ðe it made iſ migtful and wis,—
Page 58
It mai ben hoten heuene-Rof; This enclosure may be
called Heaven-roof.
It hiled[80] al ðis werldes drof,
And fier, and walkne, and water, and lond,
Al iſ bi-luken in godes hond, 104
Til domeſ-dai ne ſal it troken. It shall last until
Doomsday.
Al middel-erd ðer-inne is loken,
watres ben her ðer-under ſuuen, [Fol. 3.]
And watres ðor a-buuen; 108
And ouer ðat ſo ful i-wis, Above this is another
heaven full of bliss
An oðer heuene ful o blis, and life.
And ful o lif ðe leſted oo,
wo may him ben ðe fel ðor-fro. 112
Thus passed this
Forð glod ðis oðer daiſ nigt, second day's night.
ðo cam ðe ðridde dais ligt:
ðe ðridde dai, ſo god it bad, Then came the third
day's light.
was water and erðe o ſunder ſad; 116 Water and earth
became separated.
God bi-quuad watres here ſtede,
And erðe brimen and beren dede; The earth did bring
forth grass, herb, and
Ilk gres, ilc wurt, ilc birðheltre, fruit tree.
Hiſ owen ſed beren bad he; 120
Of euerilc ougt, of euerilc ſed, Thus was earth made
mother of wealth.
Waſ erðe mad moder of ſped.
ðe ðridde dai was al ðis wrogt,
And erðes fodme on werldes brogt; 124
An euerilc fodme his kinde quuemeðen.
ðo was it her fair bi-neðen, Then was all fair here
below.
God ſag his ſafte fair and good, God saw that it was
so, and blessed it.
And bliſcede it wid[81] milde mood. 128
Then came the fourth
Forð glod ðis ðridde daiſ nigt, day's light, and Might
made the sun and
ðo cam ðe ferðe daiſ ligt. moon and each bright
star.
ðe ferðe dai made migt
Sunne, and mone, and ilc ſterre brigt, 132
80]
called Heaven-roof.
It hiled[80] al ðis werldes drof,
And fier, and walkne, and water, and lond,
Al iſ bi-luken in godes hond, 104
Til domeſ-dai ne ſal it troken. It shall last until
Doomsday.
Al middel-erd ðer-inne is loken,
watres ben her ðer-under ſuuen, [Fol. 3.]
And watres ðor a-buuen; 108
And ouer ðat ſo ful i-wis, Above this is another
heaven full of bliss
An oðer heuene ful o blis, and life.
And ful o lif ðe leſted oo,
wo may him ben ðe fel ðor-fro. 112
Thus passed this
Forð glod ðis oðer daiſ nigt, second day's night.
ðo cam ðe ðridde dais ligt:
ðe ðridde dai, ſo god it bad, Then came the third
day's light.
was water and erðe o ſunder ſad; 116 Water and earth
became separated.
God bi-quuad watres here ſtede,
And erðe brimen and beren dede; The earth did bring
forth grass, herb, and
Ilk gres, ilc wurt, ilc birðheltre, fruit tree.
Hiſ owen ſed beren bad he; 120
Of euerilc ougt, of euerilc ſed, Thus was earth made
mother of wealth.
Waſ erðe mad moder of ſped.
ðe ðridde dai was al ðis wrogt,
And erðes fodme on werldes brogt; 124
An euerilc fodme his kinde quuemeðen.
ðo was it her fair bi-neðen, Then was all fair here
below.
God ſag his ſafte fair and good, God saw that it was
so, and blessed it.
And bliſcede it wid[81] milde mood. 128
Then came the fourth
Forð glod ðis ðridde daiſ nigt, day's light, and Might
made the sun and
ðo cam ðe ferðe daiſ ligt. moon and each bright
star.
ðe ferðe dai made migt
Sunne, and mone, and ilc ſterre brigt, 132
80]
Page 59
read hileð
81]
read wið
THE STARS ARE SET, AND FOWL AND FISH ARE MADE.
walknes wurðinge, and erdes frame, [Fol. 3b.]
He knowned[82] one ilc ſterre name,
He ſettes in ðe firmament, God set them in the
firmament.
Al abuten ðis walkne went; 136 He let them be
ðe ſeuene he bad on fligte faren,
And toknes ben, and times garen. for signs and for
seasons.
Sunne and mone ðe moſte ben Sun and moon are the
140 greatest of all these
Of alle ðe toknes ðat men her ſen; tokens.
ðe mone iſ more bi mannes tale, The moon is greater
than the earth.
ðan al ðis erðe in werldes dale;
And egeſt ſwilc ðe ſunnes brigt, The sun's brightness is
144 greater than the
Iſ more ðanne ðe mones ligt. moon's light.
ðe mones ligt is moneð met, The moon's light is the
measure of a month.
ðor-after iſ ðe ſunne ſet;
In geuelengðhe worn it mad, In the equinox was it
148 made.
In Reke-fille, on ſunder ſhad;
Two geuelengðhes timen her, Two equinoxes and
two solstices are in the
And two ſolſtices in ðe ger. year.
On four doles delen he In four parts the year
152 is divided, each part
ðe ger, ilc dole of moneð ðhre; being of three months.
Euere ſchinen ðo toknes brigt,
And often giuen iſ on erðe ligt;
wel wurðe his migt lefful ay,
ðe wroutis on ðe ferðe day! 156
Forð glod ðis ferðe daiſ nigt,
ðo cam ðe fifte dais ligt;
ðe fifte day god made ywis On the fifth day, God
160 made of water each
81]
read wið
THE STARS ARE SET, AND FOWL AND FISH ARE MADE.
walknes wurðinge, and erdes frame, [Fol. 3b.]
He knowned[82] one ilc ſterre name,
He ſettes in ðe firmament, God set them in the
firmament.
Al abuten ðis walkne went; 136 He let them be
ðe ſeuene he bad on fligte faren,
And toknes ben, and times garen. for signs and for
seasons.
Sunne and mone ðe moſte ben Sun and moon are the
140 greatest of all these
Of alle ðe toknes ðat men her ſen; tokens.
ðe mone iſ more bi mannes tale, The moon is greater
than the earth.
ðan al ðis erðe in werldes dale;
And egeſt ſwilc ðe ſunnes brigt, The sun's brightness is
144 greater than the
Iſ more ðanne ðe mones ligt. moon's light.
ðe mones ligt is moneð met, The moon's light is the
measure of a month.
ðor-after iſ ðe ſunne ſet;
In geuelengðhe worn it mad, In the equinox was it
148 made.
In Reke-fille, on ſunder ſhad;
Two geuelengðhes timen her, Two equinoxes and
two solstices are in the
And two ſolſtices in ðe ger. year.
On four doles delen he In four parts the year
152 is divided, each part
ðe ger, ilc dole of moneð ðhre; being of three months.
Euere ſchinen ðo toknes brigt,
And often giuen iſ on erðe ligt;
wel wurðe his migt lefful ay,
ðe wroutis on ðe ferðe day! 156
Forð glod ðis ferðe daiſ nigt,
ðo cam ðe fifte dais ligt;
ðe fifte day god made ywis On the fifth day, God
160 made of water each
Page 60
fowl and fish,
of water, ilc fuel and eruerilc[83] fiſ, [Fol. 4.]
And tagte fuel on walkene his fligt,
Ilc fiſ on water his flotes migt,
And bliſced hem, and bad hem ðen and bad them multiply.
And tuderande on werld[e] ben. 164
This fifth day took its
Ðiſ fifte dai held forð his fligt, flight,
And forð endede ðat fifte nigt;
And [cam] ðe ſexte dais ligt, and on the sixth day
God made all cattle,
So made god wid[84] witter migt, 168
reptiles, and wild deer
(beasts).
82]
read knoweð
83]
So in MS.
84]
read wið
CATTLE ARE MADE FOR MAN'S SERVICE. ADAM IS CREATED.
Al erue, and wrim, and wilde der,
Qwel[85] man mai ſen on werlde her.
God ſag bi-fore quat after cam, God knew that Adam
172 would sin,
ðat ſingen ſulde firme adam,
And him to fremen and do[86] frame,
He made on werlde al erue tame, so He made tame
cattle to help him in
ðe ſulde him her, in ſwinkes ſtrif, his labour and to give
to fode, and ſrud, to helpen ðe lif; 176 him food and clothing.
And him to pine, and loar her,
God made wirme and wilde der. God made the wild
deer to trouble man
He pine man wid[87] ſorwe and dred, with sorrow and dread
180
And don hem[88] monen hiſ ſinfulhed, and cause him to moan
his sinfulness.
ðat iſ him loar quan he ſeð,
of water, ilc fuel and eruerilc[83] fiſ, [Fol. 4.]
And tagte fuel on walkene his fligt,
Ilc fiſ on water his flotes migt,
And bliſced hem, and bad hem ðen and bad them multiply.
And tuderande on werld[e] ben. 164
This fifth day took its
Ðiſ fifte dai held forð his fligt, flight,
And forð endede ðat fifte nigt;
And [cam] ðe ſexte dais ligt, and on the sixth day
God made all cattle,
So made god wid[84] witter migt, 168
reptiles, and wild deer
(beasts).
82]
read knoweð
83]
So in MS.
84]
read wið
CATTLE ARE MADE FOR MAN'S SERVICE. ADAM IS CREATED.
Al erue, and wrim, and wilde der,
Qwel[85] man mai ſen on werlde her.
God ſag bi-fore quat after cam, God knew that Adam
172 would sin,
ðat ſingen ſulde firme adam,
And him to fremen and do[86] frame,
He made on werlde al erue tame, so He made tame
cattle to help him in
ðe ſulde him her, in ſwinkes ſtrif, his labour and to give
to fode, and ſrud, to helpen ðe lif; 176 him food and clothing.
And him to pine, and loar her,
God made wirme and wilde der. God made the wild
deer to trouble man
He pine man wid[87] ſorwe and dred, with sorrow and dread
180
And don hem[88] monen hiſ ſinfulhed, and cause him to moan
his sinfulness.
ðat iſ him loar quan he ſeð,
Page 61
ðan he for ſinne in ſorwe beð.
Ilk kinnes erf, and wrim, and der Each kind of cattle,
184 reptile, and beast was
Was mad of erðe on werlde her, made of earth.
And euerilc on in kinde good, [Fol. 4b.]
All were good while
ðor quiles adam fro ſinne ſtod; Adam was pure.
Oc der and wrim it deren man But reptiles and wild
188 beasts hurt man as
fro ðan ðat he ſingen bi-gan; soon as he became
In ðe moſte and in ðe leſte he forleſ sinful.
Hiſ louerd-hed[89] quuanne he miſ-cheſ;
Leunes and beres him wile to-dragen, Lions and bears tear
him in pieces.
And fleges ſen on him non agen; 192 Flies have no awe of
him.
Hadde he wel loked him wið ſkil,
Ilc beſte ſulde don hiſ wil;
Erf helpeð him ðurg godes með, Cattle help him
through God's mercy.
Hiſ lordehed[90] ðor-onne he ſeð. 196
And for hiſe ſinne oc he to munen,
ðat moſte and leiſte him ben binumen.
On this sixth day God
Ðiſ ſexte dai god made Adam, made Adam of earth,
And his licham of erðe he nam, 200
And blew ðor-in a liues blaſt, and blew into his body
a "life's blast,"
A likneſſe of his hali gaſt, "a likeness of His
Holy Ghost,
85]
qwilc?
86]
o?
87]
read wið
88]
him?
Ilk kinnes erf, and wrim, and der Each kind of cattle,
184 reptile, and beast was
Was mad of erðe on werlde her, made of earth.
And euerilc on in kinde good, [Fol. 4b.]
All were good while
ðor quiles adam fro ſinne ſtod; Adam was pure.
Oc der and wrim it deren man But reptiles and wild
188 beasts hurt man as
fro ðan ðat he ſingen bi-gan; soon as he became
In ðe moſte and in ðe leſte he forleſ sinful.
Hiſ louerd-hed[89] quuanne he miſ-cheſ;
Leunes and beres him wile to-dragen, Lions and bears tear
him in pieces.
And fleges ſen on him non agen; 192 Flies have no awe of
him.
Hadde he wel loked him wið ſkil,
Ilc beſte ſulde don hiſ wil;
Erf helpeð him ðurg godes með, Cattle help him
through God's mercy.
Hiſ lordehed[90] ðor-onne he ſeð. 196
And for hiſe ſinne oc he to munen,
ðat moſte and leiſte him ben binumen.
On this sixth day God
Ðiſ ſexte dai god made Adam, made Adam of earth,
And his licham of erðe he nam, 200
And blew ðor-in a liues blaſt, and blew into his body
a "life's blast,"
A likneſſe of his hali gaſt, "a likeness of His
Holy Ghost,
85]
qwilc?
86]
o?
87]
read wið
88]
him?
Page 62
89]
ouerd-hel in MS.
90]
read louerd-hed
OF PARADISE AND THE CREATION OF EVE.
A ſpirit ful of wit and ſckil; a spirit full of wit and
204 skill."
ðor quiles it folgede heli wil,
God ſelf ðor quile liket iſ,
An un-liſ quuanne it wile miſ.
[I]N feld damaske adam was mad, In Damascus field
208 Adam was made.
And ðeðen fer on londe ſad;
God bar him in-to paradiſ, God bore him into
Paradise, an abode full
An erd al ful of ſwete bliſ; of sweet bliss.
fol wel he wid[91] him ðor dede, [Fol. 5.]
bi-tagte him al ðat mirie ſtede; 212 He intrusted to him all
that pleasant place.
Oc an bodeword ðer he him forbed,
if he wulde him ſilden fro ðe ded,
ðat he ſulde him ðer loken fro But forbad him to
216 touch the fruit which
A fruit, ðe kenned wel and wo, taught "weal and
woe."
And hiegt him ded he ſulde ben Dead should he be if
he broke this
If he ðat bode-word ne gunne flen. command.
God brogt adam ðor bi-forn God brought all beasts
220 of the earth, fowl, and
Ilc kinnes beſte of erðe boren, fish unto Adam,
and fugel, an fiſ, wilde and tame,
ðor gaf adam ilc here iſ name; who gave to each a
name.
Ne was ðor non lik adam.
224 God caused a sleep to
God dede dat[92] he on ſweuene cam, come upon Adam, and
And in ðat ſweuene he let him ſen in that sleep he saw
Mikel ðat after ſulde ben. much that should
hereafter be.
Out of his side God
Ut of his ſide he toc a rib, took a rib, and out of it
made a woman.
ouerd-hel in MS.
90]
read louerd-hed
OF PARADISE AND THE CREATION OF EVE.
A ſpirit ful of wit and ſckil; a spirit full of wit and
204 skill."
ðor quiles it folgede heli wil,
God ſelf ðor quile liket iſ,
An un-liſ quuanne it wile miſ.
[I]N feld damaske adam was mad, In Damascus field
208 Adam was made.
And ðeðen fer on londe ſad;
God bar him in-to paradiſ, God bore him into
Paradise, an abode full
An erd al ful of ſwete bliſ; of sweet bliss.
fol wel he wid[91] him ðor dede, [Fol. 5.]
bi-tagte him al ðat mirie ſtede; 212 He intrusted to him all
that pleasant place.
Oc an bodeword ðer he him forbed,
if he wulde him ſilden fro ðe ded,
ðat he ſulde him ðer loken fro But forbad him to
216 touch the fruit which
A fruit, ðe kenned wel and wo, taught "weal and
woe."
And hiegt him ded he ſulde ben Dead should he be if
he broke this
If he ðat bode-word ne gunne flen. command.
God brogt adam ðor bi-forn God brought all beasts
220 of the earth, fowl, and
Ilc kinnes beſte of erðe boren, fish unto Adam,
and fugel, an fiſ, wilde and tame,
ðor gaf adam ilc here iſ name; who gave to each a
name.
Ne was ðor non lik adam.
224 God caused a sleep to
God dede dat[92] he on ſweuene cam, come upon Adam, and
And in ðat ſweuene he let him ſen in that sleep he saw
Mikel ðat after ſulde ben. much that should
hereafter be.
Out of his side God
Ut of his ſide he toc a rib, took a rib, and out of it
made a woman.
Page 63
And made a wimman him ful ſib, 228
And heled him ðat ſide wel
ðat it ne wrocte him neuere a del.
Adam awoke and saw
Adam abraid, and ſag ðat wif, his wife.
232
Name he gaf hire dat[93] iſ ful Rif;
Iſſa waſ hire firſte name, Issa was her first
name,
ðor-of ðurte hire ðinken no ſame;
Mayden, for ſche was mad of man, because she was made
236 of man.
Hire firſt name ðor bi-gan;
Siðen ghe brocte us to woa, After she brought us to
woe Adam called her
Adam gaf hire name eua. Eva.
[Fol. 5b.]
91]
read wið
92]
read ðat
93]
read ðat
THE SEVENTH DAY IS MADE A DAY OF REST.
Adden he folged godes red,
Al man-kin adde ſeli ſped; 240
for ſinne he ðat bliſſe for-loren, For sin they lost the
bliss of Paradise.
ðat derede al ðat of hem was boren;
It is her-after in ðe ſong,
Hu adam fel in pine ſtrong. 244
The sixth day passed
Forð glod ðiſ ſexte dais lig[t], and
After glod ðe ſexte nig[t];
ðe ſeuendai morgen ſpro[n]g, the seventh morning
248 sprung. That day
betokened long rest.
And heled him ðat ſide wel
ðat it ne wrocte him neuere a del.
Adam awoke and saw
Adam abraid, and ſag ðat wif, his wife.
232
Name he gaf hire dat[93] iſ ful Rif;
Iſſa waſ hire firſte name, Issa was her first
name,
ðor-of ðurte hire ðinken no ſame;
Mayden, for ſche was mad of man, because she was made
236 of man.
Hire firſt name ðor bi-gan;
Siðen ghe brocte us to woa, After she brought us to
woe Adam called her
Adam gaf hire name eua. Eva.
[Fol. 5b.]
91]
read wið
92]
read ðat
93]
read ðat
THE SEVENTH DAY IS MADE A DAY OF REST.
Adden he folged godes red,
Al man-kin adde ſeli ſped; 240
for ſinne he ðat bliſſe for-loren, For sin they lost the
bliss of Paradise.
ðat derede al ðat of hem was boren;
It is her-after in ðe ſong,
Hu adam fel in pine ſtrong. 244
The sixth day passed
Forð glod ðiſ ſexte dais lig[t], and
After glod ðe ſexte nig[t];
ðe ſeuendai morgen ſpro[n]g, the seventh morning
248 sprung. That day
betokened long rest.
Page 64
ðat dai tokenede reſte long;
ðis dai waſ forð in reſte wrogt,
Ilc kinde newes ear waſ brog[t];
God ſette ðis dai folk bitwen, God ordained this day
252 a day of bliss and rest.
Dai of bliſſe and off reſte ben,
for ðat time ear fear bi-forn,
Til ihesus was on werlde boren, So it remained until
Christ rose from the
And til he was on ðe rode-wold, cold rock.
And biried in ðe roche cold. 256
And reſtede him after ðe ded,
ðat ilke dai god aligen bed.
Then the Sunday from
Siðen for-leſ ðat dai iſ priſ, that time forth became
hallowed for ever.
260
for ihesus,[94] god and man ſo wis,
Roſ fro ded on ðe ſunenday,
ðat is forð ſiðen worðed ay; [Fol. 6.]
And it ſal ben ðe laſte tid, So shall it remain until
264 Doomsday.
Quan al man-kinde, on werlde wid,
Sal ben fro dede to liue brogt,
And ſeli ſad fro ðe forwrogt,
An ben don in bliſſe and in lif,
fro ſwinc, and ſorwe, and deades ſtrif. 268
Wisdom made each
Wiſdom ðe made ilc ðing of nogt, thing of nought.
quuat-ſo-euere on heuone or her iſ wrogt.
Ligber he ſridde a dere ſrud, Lucifer waxed proud,
An he wurðe in him-ſeluen prud, 272
An wid ðat pride him wex a nyð, and with that pride
came envy.
ðat iwel weldeð al his ſið;
94]
MS. ihc.
LUCIFER IS CAST INTO HELL, AND THERE PLOTS MAN'S FALL.
ðo ne migte he non louerd ðhauen,
ðis dai waſ forð in reſte wrogt,
Ilc kinde newes ear waſ brog[t];
God ſette ðis dai folk bitwen, God ordained this day
252 a day of bliss and rest.
Dai of bliſſe and off reſte ben,
for ðat time ear fear bi-forn,
Til ihesus was on werlde boren, So it remained until
Christ rose from the
And til he was on ðe rode-wold, cold rock.
And biried in ðe roche cold. 256
And reſtede him after ðe ded,
ðat ilke dai god aligen bed.
Then the Sunday from
Siðen for-leſ ðat dai iſ priſ, that time forth became
hallowed for ever.
260
for ihesus,[94] god and man ſo wis,
Roſ fro ded on ðe ſunenday,
ðat is forð ſiðen worðed ay; [Fol. 6.]
And it ſal ben ðe laſte tid, So shall it remain until
264 Doomsday.
Quan al man-kinde, on werlde wid,
Sal ben fro dede to liue brogt,
And ſeli ſad fro ðe forwrogt,
An ben don in bliſſe and in lif,
fro ſwinc, and ſorwe, and deades ſtrif. 268
Wisdom made each
Wiſdom ðe made ilc ðing of nogt, thing of nought.
quuat-ſo-euere on heuone or her iſ wrogt.
Ligber he ſridde a dere ſrud, Lucifer waxed proud,
An he wurðe in him-ſeluen prud, 272
An wid ðat pride him wex a nyð, and with that pride
came envy.
ðat iwel weldeð al his ſið;
94]
MS. ihc.
LUCIFER IS CAST INTO HELL, AND THERE PLOTS MAN'S FALL.
ðo ne migte he non louerd ðhauen,
Page 65
276
ðat him ſulde ðhinge grauen:[95]
"Min fligt," he ſeide, "ic wile up-taken, "My flight," he says,
"I will up take,
Min ſete norð on heuene maken, and make my seat
north of heaven, and
And ðor ic wile ſitten and ſen therein will I sit and
Al ðe ðhinges ðe in wer[l]de ben, 280 see all things.
Twen heuone hil and helle dik,
And ben min louerd geuelic."
ðo wurð he drake ðat ear was knigt, Then became he
284 dragon that ere was
ðo wurð he mirc ðat ear was ligt, knight;
And euerilc on ðat helden wid[96] him, all that held with him
became dark, dim, and
ðo wurðen mirc, and ſwart, and dim, black,
And fellen ut of heuones ligt and fell out of
288 heaven's light.
In-to ðis middil walknes nigt;
And get ne kuðe he nogt blinne [Fol. 6b.]
Yet would Satan not
for to don an oðer ſinne. cease to commit sin.
Eſten[97] he ſag in paradiſ He saw Adam and Eve
in Paradise in great
Adam and eue in mike[l] priſ, 292
bliss and honour.
Newelike he was of erðe wrogt,
And to ðat mirie bliſſe brogt;
ðowgte ðis quead, "hu ma it ben, How may it be,
296 thought he, that Adam
Adam ben king and eue quuen is king and Eve queen
Of alle ðe ðinge in werlde ben. of all things in the
Hu mai it hauen, hu mai it ſen, world,
Of fiſ, of fugel, of wrim, of der,
Of alle ðhinge ðe wunen her, 300
Euerilc ðhing haued he geue name,
Me to ſorge, ſcaðe, and ſame; while I am in sorrow,
scathe, and shame.
for adam ſul ðus and his wif
In bliſſe ðus leden leſteful lif; 304
for alle ðo, ðe of hem ſule cumen,
ſulen ermor in bliſſe wunen, Evermore shall they
remain in bliss,
And we ðe ben fro heuene driuen,
ſulen ðuſſe one in ſorwe liuen; 308 while we must live in
sorrow. Yet I think I
Get ic wene I can a red, know of a plan to
ðat hem ſal bringen iwel ſped; bring them into sin.
ðat him ſulde ðhinge grauen:[95]
"Min fligt," he ſeide, "ic wile up-taken, "My flight," he says,
"I will up take,
Min ſete norð on heuene maken, and make my seat
north of heaven, and
And ðor ic wile ſitten and ſen therein will I sit and
Al ðe ðhinges ðe in wer[l]de ben, 280 see all things.
Twen heuone hil and helle dik,
And ben min louerd geuelic."
ðo wurð he drake ðat ear was knigt, Then became he
284 dragon that ere was
ðo wurð he mirc ðat ear was ligt, knight;
And euerilc on ðat helden wid[96] him, all that held with him
became dark, dim, and
ðo wurðen mirc, and ſwart, and dim, black,
And fellen ut of heuones ligt and fell out of
288 heaven's light.
In-to ðis middil walknes nigt;
And get ne kuðe he nogt blinne [Fol. 6b.]
Yet would Satan not
for to don an oðer ſinne. cease to commit sin.
Eſten[97] he ſag in paradiſ He saw Adam and Eve
in Paradise in great
Adam and eue in mike[l] priſ, 292
bliss and honour.
Newelike he was of erðe wrogt,
And to ðat mirie bliſſe brogt;
ðowgte ðis quead, "hu ma it ben, How may it be,
296 thought he, that Adam
Adam ben king and eue quuen is king and Eve queen
Of alle ðe ðinge in werlde ben. of all things in the
Hu mai it hauen, hu mai it ſen, world,
Of fiſ, of fugel, of wrim, of der,
Of alle ðhinge ðe wunen her, 300
Euerilc ðhing haued he geue name,
Me to ſorge, ſcaðe, and ſame; while I am in sorrow,
scathe, and shame.
for adam ſul ðus and his wif
In bliſſe ðus leden leſteful lif; 304
for alle ðo, ðe of hem ſule cumen,
ſulen ermor in bliſſe wunen, Evermore shall they
remain in bliss,
And we ðe ben fro heuene driuen,
ſulen ðuſſe one in ſorwe liuen; 308 while we must live in
sorrow. Yet I think I
Get ic wene I can a red, know of a plan to
ðat hem ſal bringen iwel ſped; bring them into sin.
Page 66
95]
read þrauen?
96]
read wið
97]
read eften
EVE AND ADAM EAT THE FORBIDDEN FRUIT.
For if they do what
for gef he don ðad[98] god for-bead, God forbiddeth they
ðat ſal hem bringen to ðo dead, 312
shall die.
And ſal get ðis ilke dai, This I will without
delay bring about to-
ðor buten hunte if ic mai day.
Ic wene ðat ic and eue hiſe wif [Fol. 7.]
316 I think that Eve and I
ſulen adam bilirten of hiſe lif. shall deprive Adam of
Ic wene ðat ic and eue his life."
ſulen alle is bliſſe dreue."
Thus he thought, and
Ðus he ðhogte, and up he ſteg, up he went, and to the
earth he came.
320
And eſten[99] til dat[100] erð he teg,
Wente in to a wirme, and tolde eue a tale; He went into a
"worm" and told Eve a
And ſenkede hire hure aldre bale. tale.
"Eue," ſeide he, ðat neddre bold, "Eve," he said, "what
324 meaneth it that a tree
"Quat oget nu ðat for-bode o-wold, is forbidden you,
ðat a tre gu forboden is,
ðat ouer alle oðre bered pris? a tree that surpasses all
others,
for iſ fruit ſired mannes mood,
To witen boðen iwel and good, 328 which shall teach you
evil and good,
Sone ge it ðor-of hauen eten,
Al ge it ſulen witent[101] and nogt forgeten,
And ben ſo wiſe alle euene and make you as wise
as those who dwell
So ðo ðe wunen a-buuen in heuone." 332 above in heaven?"
read þrauen?
96]
read wið
97]
read eften
EVE AND ADAM EAT THE FORBIDDEN FRUIT.
For if they do what
for gef he don ðad[98] god for-bead, God forbiddeth they
ðat ſal hem bringen to ðo dead, 312
shall die.
And ſal get ðis ilke dai, This I will without
delay bring about to-
ðor buten hunte if ic mai day.
Ic wene ðat ic and eue hiſe wif [Fol. 7.]
316 I think that Eve and I
ſulen adam bilirten of hiſe lif. shall deprive Adam of
Ic wene ðat ic and eue his life."
ſulen alle is bliſſe dreue."
Thus he thought, and
Ðus he ðhogte, and up he ſteg, up he went, and to the
earth he came.
320
And eſten[99] til dat[100] erð he teg,
Wente in to a wirme, and tolde eue a tale; He went into a
"worm" and told Eve a
And ſenkede hire hure aldre bale. tale.
"Eue," ſeide he, ðat neddre bold, "Eve," he said, "what
324 meaneth it that a tree
"Quat oget nu ðat for-bode o-wold, is forbidden you,
ðat a tre gu forboden is,
ðat ouer alle oðre bered pris? a tree that surpasses all
others,
for iſ fruit ſired mannes mood,
To witen boðen iwel and good, 328 which shall teach you
evil and good,
Sone ge it ðor-of hauen eten,
Al ge it ſulen witent[101] and nogt forgeten,
And ben ſo wiſe alle euene and make you as wise
as those who dwell
So ðo ðe wunen a-buuen in heuone." 332 above in heaven?"
Page 67
When Eve saw that it
Ðanne ðogte eue on hire mod, was fair to the sight
and soft to the hand,
ðanne iſ tiſ fruit wel ſwiðe good,
fair on ſigðhe and ſofte on hond,
Of ðiſ fruit wile ic hauen fond. 336
Sum ghe ðer at, and ſum ghe nam, she ate thereof, and
took some and brought
And bar it to her fere adam; it to Adam.
So manie times ghe him ſcroðt,
Queðer so him was lef or loðt, 340 [Fol. 7b.]
for to forðen iſ fendes wil,
He ate that fruit and
At he dat[100] fruit, and dede unskil; did foolishly.
Sone it was under breſt numen;
Dedes two bondes on hem ben comen; 344 Then death's two
bonds came upon
them.
98]
read ðat
99]
read eften
100]
read ðat
101]
witen?
GOD'S CURSE ON ADAM AND EVE, AND THE ADDER.
Vn-buxumhed he hauen hem don,
Vn-buxumhed iſ hem cumen on;
Vn-welde woren and in win, Weakness and sorrow
348 troubled their limbs.
Here owen limes hem wið-in.
fleſſes fremeðe and ſafte ſame They were ashamed of
their nakedness,
boðen he felten on here lichame;
ðo gunen he ſame ſriden,
Ðanne ðogte eue on hire mod, was fair to the sight
and soft to the hand,
ðanne iſ tiſ fruit wel ſwiðe good,
fair on ſigðhe and ſofte on hond,
Of ðiſ fruit wile ic hauen fond. 336
Sum ghe ðer at, and ſum ghe nam, she ate thereof, and
took some and brought
And bar it to her fere adam; it to Adam.
So manie times ghe him ſcroðt,
Queðer so him was lef or loðt, 340 [Fol. 7b.]
for to forðen iſ fendes wil,
He ate that fruit and
At he dat[100] fruit, and dede unskil; did foolishly.
Sone it was under breſt numen;
Dedes two bondes on hem ben comen; 344 Then death's two
bonds came upon
them.
98]
read ðat
99]
read eften
100]
read ðat
101]
witen?
GOD'S CURSE ON ADAM AND EVE, AND THE ADDER.
Vn-buxumhed he hauen hem don,
Vn-buxumhed iſ hem cumen on;
Vn-welde woren and in win, Weakness and sorrow
348 troubled their limbs.
Here owen limes hem wið-in.
fleſſes fremeðe and ſafte ſame They were ashamed of
their nakedness,
boðen he felten on here lichame;
ðo gunen he ſame ſriden,
Page 68
And limes in leues hiden. 352 and shrouded
themselves in leaves.
Nu wot adam ſum-del o wo,
Her-after ſal he leren mo.
After this deed a voice
After ðiſ dede a ſteuone cam, came, saying, "Where
art thou, Adam?"
"ðu, nu, quor art, adam, adam?" 356 Quoth Adam, "I am
naked, and hid
"Louerd, quat ſame iſ me bi-tid, myself."
for ic am naked and haue me hid?"
"Quo ſeide ðe dat gu[102] wer[e] naked;
ðu haues ðe ſorges ſigðhe waked, 360
for ðhu min bode-word haues broken, Then said God,
"Because thou hast
ðhu ſalt ben ut in ſorge luken, broken my command,
In ſwinc ðu ſalt tilen ði mete[n], thou shalt till thy meat
364 with toil, and eat thy
ðin bred wid ſwotes teres eten, bread with sweat and
tears,
Til gu[102] beas eft in to erðe cumen, until thou come again
to the earth.
Quer-of gu[102] beaſ to manne numen;
And wif ſal under were wunen, [Fol. 8]
368 Woman shall be under
In heuerilc birðhe ſorge numen; man, and have sorrow
in every birth.
The adder shall glide
And niðful neddre, loð an liðer, on his breast and eat
earth.
ſal gliden on hiſe breſt neðer
And erðe freten wile he mai liuen,
And atter on is tunge cliuen; 372 Poison shall cleave to
his tongue.
And nið, and ſtrif, and ate, and ſan, Envy, strife, hate, and
shame shall be
Sal ben bi-twen neddre and wimman; between the adder and
And get ſal wimman ouercumen, the woman."
His heued under fote bi-numen." 376
Two pilches the angels
Two pilches weren ðurg engeles wrogt, wrought for Adam and
Eve,
And to adam and to eue brogt,
ðor-wið he ben nu boðen ſrid, so that their shame
380 might be hid.
And here ſame ſumdel is hid.
102]
themselves in leaves.
Nu wot adam ſum-del o wo,
Her-after ſal he leren mo.
After this deed a voice
After ðiſ dede a ſteuone cam, came, saying, "Where
art thou, Adam?"
"ðu, nu, quor art, adam, adam?" 356 Quoth Adam, "I am
naked, and hid
"Louerd, quat ſame iſ me bi-tid, myself."
for ic am naked and haue me hid?"
"Quo ſeide ðe dat gu[102] wer[e] naked;
ðu haues ðe ſorges ſigðhe waked, 360
for ðhu min bode-word haues broken, Then said God,
"Because thou hast
ðhu ſalt ben ut in ſorge luken, broken my command,
In ſwinc ðu ſalt tilen ði mete[n], thou shalt till thy meat
364 with toil, and eat thy
ðin bred wid ſwotes teres eten, bread with sweat and
tears,
Til gu[102] beas eft in to erðe cumen, until thou come again
to the earth.
Quer-of gu[102] beaſ to manne numen;
And wif ſal under were wunen, [Fol. 8]
368 Woman shall be under
In heuerilc birðhe ſorge numen; man, and have sorrow
in every birth.
The adder shall glide
And niðful neddre, loð an liðer, on his breast and eat
earth.
ſal gliden on hiſe breſt neðer
And erðe freten wile he mai liuen,
And atter on is tunge cliuen; 372 Poison shall cleave to
his tongue.
And nið, and ſtrif, and ate, and ſan, Envy, strife, hate, and
shame shall be
Sal ben bi-twen neddre and wimman; between the adder and
And get ſal wimman ouercumen, the woman."
His heued under fote bi-numen." 376
Two pilches the angels
Two pilches weren ðurg engeles wrogt, wrought for Adam and
Eve,
And to adam and to eue brogt,
ðor-wið he ben nu boðen ſrid, so that their shame
380 might be hid.
And here ſame ſumdel is hid.
102]
Page 69
read ðu?
EVE BEGETS CAIN AND ABEL, AND OTHER CHILDREN.
He ben don ut of paradiſ, They were turned out
of Paradise.
ðat erd al ful of ſwete bliſ;
He ben don ut of bliſſes erd,
Cherubin hauet ðe gateſ ſperd; 384 Cherubim closed the
gates.
Ne ſulen it neuere ben un-don, Never shall they be
undone till Christ is
Til ihesus beð on Rode don; crucified.
Ne ſulen it neuermore ben opened,
Til ihesus beð on rode dead. 388
Thus Adam and Eve
Iff mikel is ſorge, and more care, became acquainted
with sorrow and care.
Adam and eue it wite ful gare;
Of paradiſ hem ðinkeð ſwem,
Of iwel and dead hem ſtondeð greim. 392 [Fol. 8b.]
Evil and death
On ſundri ðhenken he to ben, troubled them. They
And neiðere on oðer ſen, thought that they must
Til angel brogte adam bode, never look upon one
another.
bodeword and tiding fro gode:— 396 Message came from
God,
"Adam, ðhu knowe eue ðin wif, "Adam, know Eve, thy
wife, and live together.
And leded ſamen gunker lif;
Summe ſulen of gu to kumen, Some that shall be
400 born of you shall come
Sulen ben in to reſte numen; to bliss, others shall be
Summe ſulen folwen fendes red, in sorrow after their
And ben in ſorwe after ðe dead; death.
And get ſal godeſ dere ſune
In gure kin in werlde wunen, 404 God's dear Son shall
bring man again into
And he ſal bringen man a-gen Paradise."
In paradiſ to wunen and ben."
Swilc tiding ðhugte adam god, These tidings partly
408 softened Adam's sorry
And ſumdel quemeð it his ſeri mood. mood.
Ðiſ angel is to heuone numen,
And adam iſ to eue cumen, Adam and Eve lived
together.
More for erneſte dan[103] for gamen;
EVE BEGETS CAIN AND ABEL, AND OTHER CHILDREN.
He ben don ut of paradiſ, They were turned out
of Paradise.
ðat erd al ful of ſwete bliſ;
He ben don ut of bliſſes erd,
Cherubin hauet ðe gateſ ſperd; 384 Cherubim closed the
gates.
Ne ſulen it neuere ben un-don, Never shall they be
undone till Christ is
Til ihesus beð on Rode don; crucified.
Ne ſulen it neuermore ben opened,
Til ihesus beð on rode dead. 388
Thus Adam and Eve
Iff mikel is ſorge, and more care, became acquainted
with sorrow and care.
Adam and eue it wite ful gare;
Of paradiſ hem ðinkeð ſwem,
Of iwel and dead hem ſtondeð greim. 392 [Fol. 8b.]
Evil and death
On ſundri ðhenken he to ben, troubled them. They
And neiðere on oðer ſen, thought that they must
Til angel brogte adam bode, never look upon one
another.
bodeword and tiding fro gode:— 396 Message came from
God,
"Adam, ðhu knowe eue ðin wif, "Adam, know Eve, thy
wife, and live together.
And leded ſamen gunker lif;
Summe ſulen of gu to kumen, Some that shall be
400 born of you shall come
Sulen ben in to reſte numen; to bliss, others shall be
Summe ſulen folwen fendes red, in sorrow after their
And ben in ſorwe after ðe dead; death.
And get ſal godeſ dere ſune
In gure kin in werlde wunen, 404 God's dear Son shall
bring man again into
And he ſal bringen man a-gen Paradise."
In paradiſ to wunen and ben."
Swilc tiding ðhugte adam god, These tidings partly
408 softened Adam's sorry
And ſumdel quemeð it his ſeri mood. mood.
Ðiſ angel is to heuone numen,
And adam iſ to eue cumen, Adam and Eve lived
together.
More for erneſte dan[103] for gamen;
Page 70
Adam and eue wunen ſamen, 412
And hadden childre manige i-wiſ, Children had they,
many more than
Mo ðan of telleð de geneſis; Genesis tells of.
for fiftene ger hadde adam, After fifteen years
416 Cain was born,
ðan caim of eue cam,
103]
read ðan
CAIN BUILDS ENO. LAMECH BEGINS BIGAMY.
And oðer fiftene al-ſwilc ſel, and afterwards Eve
bore righteous Abel.
Quane eue bar rigt-wiſe abel.[104]
Abel an hundred ger waſ hold, [Fol. 9.]
420 Abel was a hundred
ðan he was of iſ broðer wold; years old when he was
An hundred ger after iſ dead, slain by his brother.
Adam fro eue in ſrifte abead. After this Adam from
Eve in shrift abode
To hundred ger and .xxx.ti mo one hundred years.
was adam hold and eue ðo, 424
ðan bor ghe ſeht in ðe ſtede Seth was born when
Adam was 230 years
Of caym ðat abel for-dede; old.
Or or midleſt, or after ðo
Bar eue of adam manige moo. 428
Cain fled from his
Ðor quiles ðat adam ſorge dreg home and became an
outlaw.
for abel, caym fro him fleg,
wið wif and hagte, and wurð ut-lage,
wið dead him ſtood hinke and age. 432
He ches a ſtede toward eden, He chose an abode
near Eden.
And to him[105] ſameden oðer men,
wallede a burg, e-no bi name; He built a city, Enoch
by name.
ðeft and reflac ðhugte him no ſame, 436 Theft and robbery was
no sin to him; many
for ðat he made him manige fon, foes he made.
ðor he ðhogte he ſtonden agon.
Met of corn, and wigte of fe, Measure of corn,
440 weight of goods,
And hadden childre manige i-wiſ, Children had they,
many more than
Mo ðan of telleð de geneſis; Genesis tells of.
for fiftene ger hadde adam, After fifteen years
416 Cain was born,
ðan caim of eue cam,
103]
read ðan
CAIN BUILDS ENO. LAMECH BEGINS BIGAMY.
And oðer fiftene al-ſwilc ſel, and afterwards Eve
bore righteous Abel.
Quane eue bar rigt-wiſe abel.[104]
Abel an hundred ger waſ hold, [Fol. 9.]
420 Abel was a hundred
ðan he was of iſ broðer wold; years old when he was
An hundred ger after iſ dead, slain by his brother.
Adam fro eue in ſrifte abead. After this Adam from
Eve in shrift abode
To hundred ger and .xxx.ti mo one hundred years.
was adam hold and eue ðo, 424
ðan bor ghe ſeht in ðe ſtede Seth was born when
Adam was 230 years
Of caym ðat abel for-dede; old.
Or or midleſt, or after ðo
Bar eue of adam manige moo. 428
Cain fled from his
Ðor quiles ðat adam ſorge dreg home and became an
outlaw.
for abel, caym fro him fleg,
wið wif and hagte, and wurð ut-lage,
wið dead him ſtood hinke and age. 432
He ches a ſtede toward eden, He chose an abode
near Eden.
And to him[105] ſameden oðer men,
wallede a burg, e-no bi name; He built a city, Enoch
by name.
ðeft and reflac ðhugte him no ſame, 436 Theft and robbery was
no sin to him; many
for ðat he made him manige fon, foes he made.
ðor he ðhogte he ſtonden agon.
Met of corn, and wigte of fe, Measure of corn,
440 weight of goods,
Page 71
And merke of felde, first fond he. division of land,
taught he first.
Tellen ic wile ſo birðe bad,
Adam, caym, enos, iraab,
Malaleel, matusale;
Lamech is at ðe sexte kne, 444
ðe ſeuende man after adam, [Fol. 9b.]
The seventh man after
ðat of caymes kinde cam. Adam, of Cain's kind,
ðiſ lamech waſ ðe firme man, was Lamech.
ðe bigamie firſt bi-gan. 448 He first began bigamy.
Bigamie is unkinde ðing,
On engleis tale, twie-wifing;
104]
At the bottom of fol. 8b is the catchword—Abel a hundred.
105]
him is by a later hand.
LAMECH KILLS CAIN AND HIS OWN SERVANT.
for ai was rigt and kire bi-forn,
On man, on wiſ, til he was boren. 452
Lamech him two wifes nam, Two wives he took—
Adah and Zillah.
On adda, an noðer wif ſellam.
Adah bare Jabal.
Adda bar him ſune Iobal,
He was hirde wittere and wal; 456 He was a cunning
shepherd.
Of merke, and kinde, and helde, & ble,
ſundring and ſameni[n]g tagte he; He taught separation
and assembling.
Iobal iſ broðer ſong and glew, Jubal, his brother, wise
460 in song and glee,
Wit of muſike, wel he knew;
On two tableſ of tigel and braſ wrote on tile and brass.
wrot he ðat wiſtom, wiſ he was,
ðat it ne ſulde ben undon
If fier or water come ðor-on. 464
taught he first.
Tellen ic wile ſo birðe bad,
Adam, caym, enos, iraab,
Malaleel, matusale;
Lamech is at ðe sexte kne, 444
ðe ſeuende man after adam, [Fol. 9b.]
The seventh man after
ðat of caymes kinde cam. Adam, of Cain's kind,
ðiſ lamech waſ ðe firme man, was Lamech.
ðe bigamie firſt bi-gan. 448 He first began bigamy.
Bigamie is unkinde ðing,
On engleis tale, twie-wifing;
104]
At the bottom of fol. 8b is the catchword—Abel a hundred.
105]
him is by a later hand.
LAMECH KILLS CAIN AND HIS OWN SERVANT.
for ai was rigt and kire bi-forn,
On man, on wiſ, til he was boren. 452
Lamech him two wifes nam, Two wives he took—
Adah and Zillah.
On adda, an noðer wif ſellam.
Adah bare Jabal.
Adda bar him ſune Iobal,
He was hirde wittere and wal; 456 He was a cunning
shepherd.
Of merke, and kinde, and helde, & ble,
ſundring and ſameni[n]g tagte he; He taught separation
and assembling.
Iobal iſ broðer ſong and glew, Jubal, his brother, wise
460 in song and glee,
Wit of muſike, wel he knew;
On two tableſ of tigel and braſ wrote on tile and brass.
wrot he ðat wiſtom, wiſ he was,
ðat it ne ſulde ben undon
If fier or water come ðor-on. 464
Page 72
Zillah bare Tubal, a
Sella wuneð oc lamech wið, mighty smith.
ghe bar tubal, a ſellic ſmið;
Of irin, of golde, ſiluer, and bras Iron, gold, silver, and
468 brass he well knew
To ſundren and mengen wiſ he was; how to separate and to
mix.
Wopen of wigte and tol of grið, He was skilled in
making weapons of
wel cuðe [106]egte and ſafgte[106] wið. war and household
tools.
[Fol. 10.]
Lamech ledde long lif til ðan
ðat he wurð biſne, and haued a man 472 Lamech at last became
blind. He had a man to
ðat ledde him ofte wudes ner, lead him to the woods
To ſcheten after ðe wilde der; in search of wild deer.
Al-so he miſtagte, alſo he ſchet,
And caim in ðe wude iſ let; 476
His knape wende it were a der, The knave mistook
Cain for a deer.
An lamech droge iſ arwe ner,
And letet flegen of ðe ſtreng, Lamech let fly an
480 arrow,
Caim unwarde it under-feng,
Gruſnede, and ſtrekede, and ſtarf wið-ðan. which struck Cain and
killed him.
Lamech wið wreðe iſ knape nam,
Vn-bente iſ boge, and bet, and slog, Lamech beat and slew
484 his servant.
Til he fel dun on dedeſ ſwog.
Twin-wifing ant twin-manſlagt Thus was he guilty of
twi-wiving and twin-
Of his ſoule beð mikel hagt. slaughter.
106]
read fegte and sagte?
OF SETH, ENOCH, METHUSELAH, AND NOAH.
Of hiſe endinge ne wot ic nogt, Of his death we know
488 nothing.
oc of iſ kinde woren brogt
On werlde ſeue and ſeuenti ðhuſant men, His descendants were
all destroyed by
Or or flum noe ſpredde hiſ fen; Noah's flood.
Queðer ſo it ðhogte hem iuel or good,
Sella wuneð oc lamech wið, mighty smith.
ghe bar tubal, a ſellic ſmið;
Of irin, of golde, ſiluer, and bras Iron, gold, silver, and
468 brass he well knew
To ſundren and mengen wiſ he was; how to separate and to
mix.
Wopen of wigte and tol of grið, He was skilled in
making weapons of
wel cuðe [106]egte and ſafgte[106] wið. war and household
tools.
[Fol. 10.]
Lamech ledde long lif til ðan
ðat he wurð biſne, and haued a man 472 Lamech at last became
blind. He had a man to
ðat ledde him ofte wudes ner, lead him to the woods
To ſcheten after ðe wilde der; in search of wild deer.
Al-so he miſtagte, alſo he ſchet,
And caim in ðe wude iſ let; 476
His knape wende it were a der, The knave mistook
Cain for a deer.
An lamech droge iſ arwe ner,
And letet flegen of ðe ſtreng, Lamech let fly an
480 arrow,
Caim unwarde it under-feng,
Gruſnede, and ſtrekede, and ſtarf wið-ðan. which struck Cain and
killed him.
Lamech wið wreðe iſ knape nam,
Vn-bente iſ boge, and bet, and slog, Lamech beat and slew
484 his servant.
Til he fel dun on dedeſ ſwog.
Twin-wifing ant twin-manſlagt Thus was he guilty of
twi-wiving and twin-
Of his ſoule beð mikel hagt. slaughter.
106]
read fegte and sagte?
OF SETH, ENOCH, METHUSELAH, AND NOAH.
Of hiſe endinge ne wot ic nogt, Of his death we know
488 nothing.
oc of iſ kinde woren brogt
On werlde ſeue and ſeuenti ðhuſant men, His descendants were
all destroyed by
Or or flum noe ſpredde hiſ fen; Noah's flood.
Queðer ſo it ðhogte hem iuel or good,
Page 73
Alle he drinkilden in ðat flood. 492
Of Seth came Enos,
Of ſeth, ðe waſ adam-iſ ſune, who was prayerful and
God-fearing.
cam enos; he gan ali wune
Of bedes, and of godefrigtihed,
for liues helpe and ſoules red. 496
Ic wile rigt tellen, if ic can, [Fol. 10b.]
Adam, ſeth, enos, caynan, God took Enoch to
Himself,
Malaleel, iareth, enoch,
500
for alied[107] god ſelf him toch
fro mannes mene in to ðat ſtede
ðat adam forles for iuel dede;
get liueð enoch wið-vten ſtrif, to dwell with Him in
504 Paradise.
In paradiſ in ſwete lif;
Get he ſal cumen or domeſ-day, Enoch shall come
before Doomsday to
And wenden iewes, if he may, turn the Jews to Christ.
To ðe witteneſſe of ieſus criſt,
And tholen dead vnder antecrist; 508
Siðen ſal antecriſt ben ſlagen,
And man and angeles wurðen fagen.
chirches ben wurſiped mor and mor,
And fendes dregen ſorge and ſor. 512
Or enoch wente [fro] werldes wune, Before Enoch went
from the world
Matuſale waſ boren iſ ſune, Methuselah was born.
And lamech of matuſale, Lamech came of
Methuselah.
And of lamech rigt-wiſe noe. 516 Lamech begat Noah.
Methodius, holy
Metodius, ali martyr, martyr, knew much of
this world's beginning,
Adde in his herte ſighe[108] ſir; middle, and ending.
Alſo he god adde ofte bi-ſogte,
Wiſlike was him in herte brogt 520
ðis midelerdes biginning,
And middel-hed, and iſ ending;
107]
read halihed
Of Seth came Enos,
Of ſeth, ðe waſ adam-iſ ſune, who was prayerful and
God-fearing.
cam enos; he gan ali wune
Of bedes, and of godefrigtihed,
for liues helpe and ſoules red. 496
Ic wile rigt tellen, if ic can, [Fol. 10b.]
Adam, ſeth, enos, caynan, God took Enoch to
Himself,
Malaleel, iareth, enoch,
500
for alied[107] god ſelf him toch
fro mannes mene in to ðat ſtede
ðat adam forles for iuel dede;
get liueð enoch wið-vten ſtrif, to dwell with Him in
504 Paradise.
In paradiſ in ſwete lif;
Get he ſal cumen or domeſ-day, Enoch shall come
before Doomsday to
And wenden iewes, if he may, turn the Jews to Christ.
To ðe witteneſſe of ieſus criſt,
And tholen dead vnder antecrist; 508
Siðen ſal antecriſt ben ſlagen,
And man and angeles wurðen fagen.
chirches ben wurſiped mor and mor,
And fendes dregen ſorge and ſor. 512
Or enoch wente [fro] werldes wune, Before Enoch went
from the world
Matuſale waſ boren iſ ſune, Methuselah was born.
And lamech of matuſale, Lamech came of
Methuselah.
And of lamech rigt-wiſe noe. 516 Lamech begat Noah.
Methodius, holy
Metodius, ali martyr, martyr, knew much of
this world's beginning,
Adde in his herte ſighe[108] ſir; middle, and ending.
Alſo he god adde ofte bi-ſogte,
Wiſlike was him in herte brogt 520
ðis midelerdes biginning,
And middel-hed, and iſ ending;
107]
read halihed
Page 74
108]
read sigðhe
OF THE WORLD'S CORRUPTION AND NOAH'S FLOOD.
He wrot a boc dat manige witen, [Fol. 11.]
524 He wrote a book, well
Manige tiding ðor-on iſ writen; known to many.
ðor iſ writen quat agte awold,
dat[109] ðiſ werld waſ water wold.
Fif hundred ger of ðat ðuſent
ðat mankin was on werlde ſent, 528
Caymes ſunes wrogten vn-lage, Cain's kind wrought
against law.
Wið breðere wifes hore-plage;
And on ðe ſexte hundred ger
Wimmen welten wereſ meſter, 532 Women waxed evil,
unchaste, and
And ſwilc woded wenten[110] on, unnatural.
Golhed hunkinde he gunnen don;
And ðe fifte hundred ger,
wapmen bi-gunnen quad meſter, 536 Men began to addict
themselves to
bi-twen hem-ſeluen hun-wreſte plage, wretched practices.
A ðefis kinde, a-genes lage.
Two hundred ger after ðo wunes,
Mis-wiuen hem gunnen ſeðes ſunes, 540 Seth's sons made
marriages contrary to
Agenes ðat adam for-bead, Adam's commands.
And leten godeſ frigti-hed;
He choſen hem wiwes of caym, They chose wives of
544 Cain's seed, and mixed
And mengten wið waried kin; with the accursed kind.
Of hem woren ðe getenes boren,
Migti men, and figti, [and] for-loren; Of them were giants
born who wrought
He wrogten manige [sinne] and bale, many evils.
Of ðat migt [nu] is litel tale; 548
for ðat he god ne luueden nogt, [Fol. 11b.]
ðat migt iſ al to ſorge brogt;
read sigðhe
OF THE WORLD'S CORRUPTION AND NOAH'S FLOOD.
He wrot a boc dat manige witen, [Fol. 11.]
524 He wrote a book, well
Manige tiding ðor-on iſ writen; known to many.
ðor iſ writen quat agte awold,
dat[109] ðiſ werld waſ water wold.
Fif hundred ger of ðat ðuſent
ðat mankin was on werlde ſent, 528
Caymes ſunes wrogten vn-lage, Cain's kind wrought
against law.
Wið breðere wifes hore-plage;
And on ðe ſexte hundred ger
Wimmen welten wereſ meſter, 532 Women waxed evil,
unchaste, and
And ſwilc woded wenten[110] on, unnatural.
Golhed hunkinde he gunnen don;
And ðe fifte hundred ger,
wapmen bi-gunnen quad meſter, 536 Men began to addict
themselves to
bi-twen hem-ſeluen hun-wreſte plage, wretched practices.
A ðefis kinde, a-genes lage.
Two hundred ger after ðo wunes,
Mis-wiuen hem gunnen ſeðes ſunes, 540 Seth's sons made
marriages contrary to
Agenes ðat adam for-bead, Adam's commands.
And leten godeſ frigti-hed;
He choſen hem wiwes of caym, They chose wives of
544 Cain's seed, and mixed
And mengten wið waried kin; with the accursed kind.
Of hem woren ðe getenes boren,
Migti men, and figti, [and] for-loren; Of them were giants
born who wrought
He wrogten manige [sinne] and bale, many evils.
Of ðat migt [nu] is litel tale; 548
for ðat he god ne luueden nogt, [Fol. 11b.]
ðat migt iſ al to ſorge brogt;
Page 75
for ſwilc ſinful dedes ſake, For their great sin
552 there came wrath and
ſo cam on werlde wreche and wrake vengeance upon the
for to bliſſen ſwilc ſinnes ſame, world.
ðat it ne wexe at more hun-frame.
A flood drowned man
Ðo wex a flod ðis werlde wid-hin, and beast.
and [o]uer-flowged men & deres kin, 556
wið-vten noe and hise ðre ſunen, Noah and his family
were saved in an ark.
Sem, Cam, Iaphet, if we rigt munen,
109]
read ðat
110]
wentem MS.
THE BUILDING OF THE ARK. THE FLOOD.
And here foure wifes woren hem wið;
560
ðise .viij. hadden in ðe arche grið.[111]
The ark was a good
Ðat arche was a feteles good, vessel.
ſet and limed a-gen ðe flood;
ðhre hundred elne waſ it long, Three hundred ells was
564 it long,
Naild and ſperd, ðig and ſtrong,
And .l.ti elne wid, and .xxx.ti heg; fifty wide, and thirty
high.
ðor buten noe (.) long ſwing he dreg,
An hundred winter, euerilc del, A hundred winters was
568 Noah in building it.
welken or it was ended wel;
Of alle der ðe on werlde wunen,
And foueles weren ðer-inne cumen
Bi ſeuene and ſeuene, or bi two & two, Clean animals entered
572 the ark by seven and
Al-migtin god him bad it ſo, seven, unclean by two
And mete quorbi ðei migten liuen, and two.
ðor quiles he woren on water driuen.
Sexe hundred ger noe was hold [Fol. 12.]
576 Six hundred years old
552 there came wrath and
ſo cam on werlde wreche and wrake vengeance upon the
for to bliſſen ſwilc ſinnes ſame, world.
ðat it ne wexe at more hun-frame.
A flood drowned man
Ðo wex a flod ðis werlde wid-hin, and beast.
and [o]uer-flowged men & deres kin, 556
wið-vten noe and hise ðre ſunen, Noah and his family
were saved in an ark.
Sem, Cam, Iaphet, if we rigt munen,
109]
read ðat
110]
wentem MS.
THE BUILDING OF THE ARK. THE FLOOD.
And here foure wifes woren hem wið;
560
ðise .viij. hadden in ðe arche grið.[111]
The ark was a good
Ðat arche was a feteles good, vessel.
ſet and limed a-gen ðe flood;
ðhre hundred elne waſ it long, Three hundred ells was
564 it long,
Naild and ſperd, ðig and ſtrong,
And .l.ti elne wid, and .xxx.ti heg; fifty wide, and thirty
high.
ðor buten noe (.) long ſwing he dreg,
An hundred winter, euerilc del, A hundred winters was
568 Noah in building it.
welken or it was ended wel;
Of alle der ðe on werlde wunen,
And foueles weren ðer-inne cumen
Bi ſeuene and ſeuene, or bi two & two, Clean animals entered
572 the ark by seven and
Al-migtin god him bad it ſo, seven, unclean by two
And mete quorbi ðei migten liuen, and two.
ðor quiles he woren on water driuen.
Sexe hundred ger noe was hold [Fol. 12.]
576 Six hundred years old
Page 76
Quan he dede him in ðe arche-wold; was Noah when he
entered the ark.
Two ðhuſant ger, ſex hundred mo,
And ſex and fifti forð to ðo,
weren of werldes elde numen
ðan noe waſ in to ðe arche cumen. 580
Ilc watereſ ſpringe here ſtrengðe undede, The water springs
undid their strength.
And Reyn gette dun on euerilk ſtede Rain poured down on
fowerti daiſ and fowerti nigt, every place.
So wex water wið magti migt; 584
So wunderlike it wex & get
ðat fiftene elne it ouer-flet, Fifteen ells it
overflowed, over every
Ouer ilk dune, and ouer ilc hil, hill and vale.
ðhurge godes migt and godes wil; 588
And oðer fowerti ðore-to,
Daiſ and nigtes ſtodet ſo;
ðo waſ ilc fleiſ on wer[l]de ſlagen, Then was all flesh
destroyed.
ðo gunnen ðe wateres hem wið-dragen. 592
111]
At the end of the line in the margin 'Se archa Nœe.'
THE ARK STOOD IN ARMENIA.
In the seventh month
Ðe ſeuend moned [112]
waſ in cumen, and the twenty-
seventh day the ark
And ſeuene and .xx.ti dais numen, stood in Armenia.
IN armenie ðat arche ſtod,
ðo waſ wið-dragen ðat ilc flod. 596
When the tenth month
Ðo ðe tende moned [112]
cam in, came the waters
withdrew.
So wurð dragen ðe watreſ win;
Dunes wexen, ðe flod wið-drog,
It adde leſted longe a-nog 600
entered the ark.
Two ðhuſant ger, ſex hundred mo,
And ſex and fifti forð to ðo,
weren of werldes elde numen
ðan noe waſ in to ðe arche cumen. 580
Ilc watereſ ſpringe here ſtrengðe undede, The water springs
undid their strength.
And Reyn gette dun on euerilk ſtede Rain poured down on
fowerti daiſ and fowerti nigt, every place.
So wex water wið magti migt; 584
So wunderlike it wex & get
ðat fiftene elne it ouer-flet, Fifteen ells it
overflowed, over every
Ouer ilk dune, and ouer ilc hil, hill and vale.
ðhurge godes migt and godes wil; 588
And oðer fowerti ðore-to,
Daiſ and nigtes ſtodet ſo;
ðo waſ ilc fleiſ on wer[l]de ſlagen, Then was all flesh
destroyed.
ðo gunnen ðe wateres hem wið-dragen. 592
111]
At the end of the line in the margin 'Se archa Nœe.'
THE ARK STOOD IN ARMENIA.
In the seventh month
Ðe ſeuend moned [112]
waſ in cumen, and the twenty-
seventh day the ark
And ſeuene and .xx.ti dais numen, stood in Armenia.
IN armenie ðat arche ſtod,
ðo waſ wið-dragen ðat ilc flod. 596
When the tenth month
Ðo ðe tende moned [112]
cam in, came the waters
withdrew.
So wurð dragen ðe watreſ win;
Dunes wexen, ðe flod wið-drog,
It adde leſted longe a-nog 600
Page 77
[Fol. 12b.]
Fowerti daiſ after ðiſ, Forty days after this
the ark's window is
Arches windoge undon it iſ, undone, the raven out
flew, and came not
ðe Rauen ut-fleg, hu ſo it gan ben, again to the ark.
Ne cam he nogt to ðe arche a-gen; 604
ðe duue fond no clene ſtede, The dove found no
clean place, and came
And wente a-gen and wel it dede; again to the ark.
ðe ſeuendai eſt ut it tog, After seven days the
608 dove left the ark and
And brogt a grene oliues bog; returned with an olive
Seue nigt ſiðen euerilc on bough.
He is let ut flegen, crepen, and gon, Seven nights after all
are let out of the ark.
wið-uten ilc ſeuend clene der
ðe he ſacrede on an aucter. 612
Sex hundred ger and on dan [113]
olde
Noe ſag ut of ðe arche-wolde; Noah looked out of the
ark and saw that the
ðe firſt moned[112] and te firſt dai, earth was dry.
He ſag erðe drie & te water awai; 616
get he waſ wiſ and nogt to rad,
Gede he nogt ut, til god him bad. Yet went he not out till
he was bidden by God.
Ðe toðer moneð was in cumen,
And ſeuene and twenti dais numen, 620
ðo herde Noe wol bliðe bode
Of a ſteuene, ðe cam fro gode; At God's command he
and his family left the
He and hiſe wif wenten ut fre, ark.
Hiſe ſunes and here wifes ðre; 624
He made an aucter on godeſ name, Noah made an altar
and sacrificed thereon.
And ſacrede he ðor-on, for ſowleſ frame,
Ilc ſeuende der of clene kin, [Fol. 13.]
628 The seventh deer was
ðe waſ holden in arche wið-hin, offered up,
112]
read moneð
113]
Fowerti daiſ after ðiſ, Forty days after this
the ark's window is
Arches windoge undon it iſ, undone, the raven out
flew, and came not
ðe Rauen ut-fleg, hu ſo it gan ben, again to the ark.
Ne cam he nogt to ðe arche a-gen; 604
ðe duue fond no clene ſtede, The dove found no
clean place, and came
And wente a-gen and wel it dede; again to the ark.
ðe ſeuendai eſt ut it tog, After seven days the
608 dove left the ark and
And brogt a grene oliues bog; returned with an olive
Seue nigt ſiðen euerilc on bough.
He is let ut flegen, crepen, and gon, Seven nights after all
are let out of the ark.
wið-uten ilc ſeuend clene der
ðe he ſacrede on an aucter. 612
Sex hundred ger and on dan [113]
olde
Noe ſag ut of ðe arche-wolde; Noah looked out of the
ark and saw that the
ðe firſt moned[112] and te firſt dai, earth was dry.
He ſag erðe drie & te water awai; 616
get he waſ wiſ and nogt to rad,
Gede he nogt ut, til god him bad. Yet went he not out till
he was bidden by God.
Ðe toðer moneð was in cumen,
And ſeuene and twenti dais numen, 620
ðo herde Noe wol bliðe bode
Of a ſteuene, ðe cam fro gode; At God's command he
and his family left the
He and hiſe wif wenten ut fre, ark.
Hiſe ſunes and here wifes ðre; 624
He made an aucter on godeſ name, Noah made an altar
and sacrificed thereon.
And ſacrede he ðor-on, for ſowleſ frame,
Ilc ſeuende der of clene kin, [Fol. 13.]
628 The seventh deer was
ðe waſ holden in arche wið-hin, offered up,
112]
read moneð
113]
Page 78
read ðan
THE RAINBOW APPEARS IN THE WELKIN.
And leten ðe oðre to liue gon, the others were
allowed to escape
of hem ben tudered manigon. alive.
Often he [bad] wid[114] frigti bede, Noah besought God
that he would no more
ðat ſwiulc wreche ſo god ðo dede 632
send such destruction
Ne ſulde more on werlde cumen, upon mankind.
Quat wreche ſo ðor wurðe numen.
God gat it a token of luuen, God granted his
636 request, and shewed
Taunede him in ðe wa[l]kene a-buuen him the rain-bow as a
token of His love.
The rain-bow is called
Rein-bowe, men cleped[115] reed and blo; red and blue.
The blue denotes the
ðe blo tokeneð de[116] wateres wo, water that drowned all
ðat iſ wið-uten and is gon; flesh.
640 The red betokeneth the
ðe rede wid-innen[117] toknet on destruction of the
wreche ðat ſal get wurðen ſent, world by fire.
wan al ðis werld wurðe brent;
And al-ſo hege ðe lowe ſal gon,
So ðe flod flet de dunes on; 644
fowerti ger or domeſ-dai,
ðiſ token no man ne ſen mai.
From Noah and his
Of[118] noe ſiðen an iſ ðre ſunen, three sons all mankind
ben boren alle ðe in werlde wunen, 648
have come.
And or he waſ on werlde led, Before his death his
family were widely
His kinde waſ wel wide ſpred; spread.
Al it iſ writen ic tellen mai
Of his kin bi hiſ liue dai; 652
vten childre and vten wimmen, [Fol. 13b.]
They numbered,
wel fowre and .xx. ðhuſent men excluding women and
woren ſtalwurði boren bi tale, children, 24,000
wið-uten wif-kin and childre ſmale; 656 stalworth men.
.ix. hundred ger and fifti told,
or or he ſtarf, noe waſ old.
Nimrod had dread of
Nembrot gat hiſe feres red, water, so he advised
his followers to make
THE RAINBOW APPEARS IN THE WELKIN.
And leten ðe oðre to liue gon, the others were
allowed to escape
of hem ben tudered manigon. alive.
Often he [bad] wid[114] frigti bede, Noah besought God
that he would no more
ðat ſwiulc wreche ſo god ðo dede 632
send such destruction
Ne ſulde more on werlde cumen, upon mankind.
Quat wreche ſo ðor wurðe numen.
God gat it a token of luuen, God granted his
636 request, and shewed
Taunede him in ðe wa[l]kene a-buuen him the rain-bow as a
token of His love.
The rain-bow is called
Rein-bowe, men cleped[115] reed and blo; red and blue.
The blue denotes the
ðe blo tokeneð de[116] wateres wo, water that drowned all
ðat iſ wið-uten and is gon; flesh.
640 The red betokeneth the
ðe rede wid-innen[117] toknet on destruction of the
wreche ðat ſal get wurðen ſent, world by fire.
wan al ðis werld wurðe brent;
And al-ſo hege ðe lowe ſal gon,
So ðe flod flet de dunes on; 644
fowerti ger or domeſ-dai,
ðiſ token no man ne ſen mai.
From Noah and his
Of[118] noe ſiðen an iſ ðre ſunen, three sons all mankind
ben boren alle ðe in werlde wunen, 648
have come.
And or he waſ on werlde led, Before his death his
family were widely
His kinde waſ wel wide ſpred; spread.
Al it iſ writen ic tellen mai
Of his kin bi hiſ liue dai; 652
vten childre and vten wimmen, [Fol. 13b.]
They numbered,
wel fowre and .xx. ðhuſent men excluding women and
woren ſtalwurði boren bi tale, children, 24,000
wið-uten wif-kin and childre ſmale; 656 stalworth men.
.ix. hundred ger and fifti told,
or or he ſtarf, noe waſ old.
Nimrod had dread of
Nembrot gat hiſe feres red, water, so he advised
his followers to make
Page 79
for ðat he hadde of water dred, 660 a tower high and
strong.
To maken a tur, wel heg & ſtrong,
Of tigel and ter, for water-gong;
Twelwe and ſexti men woren ðor-to, Seventy-two men were
employed about it.
114]
read wið
115]
read clepeð
116]
read ðe
117]
read wið-innen.
118]
Oſ MS.
CONFUSION OF TONGUES. ORIGIN OF IDOLATRY.
Meiſter men for to maken it ſo. 664
Al waſ on ſpeche ðor bi-foren, All spoke one speech
before.
ðor woren ſundri ſpeches boren; Now sundry tongues
arose and sorely
ðo wurðen he frigti and a-griſen, terrified the workmen.
for dor[119] waſ ſundri ſpecheſ riſen, 668
Sexti lond-ſpeches and .xii. mo, Seventy-two land-
speeches were then
weren delt ðane in werlde ðo. spoken.
Babel, ðat tur, bi-lef un-mad, That tower was called
Babel.
ðat folc iſ wide on lon[de] ſad; 672 The folk became
scattered afar upon the
Nembrot nam wið ſtrengðhe ðat lond, earth.
And helde ðe tur o babel in hiſ hond.
strong.
To maken a tur, wel heg & ſtrong,
Of tigel and ter, for water-gong;
Twelwe and ſexti men woren ðor-to, Seventy-two men were
employed about it.
114]
read wið
115]
read clepeð
116]
read ðe
117]
read wið-innen.
118]
Oſ MS.
CONFUSION OF TONGUES. ORIGIN OF IDOLATRY.
Meiſter men for to maken it ſo. 664
Al waſ on ſpeche ðor bi-foren, All spoke one speech
before.
ðor woren ſundri ſpeches boren; Now sundry tongues
arose and sorely
ðo wurðen he frigti and a-griſen, terrified the workmen.
for dor[119] waſ ſundri ſpecheſ riſen, 668
Sexti lond-ſpeches and .xii. mo, Seventy-two land-
speeches were then
weren delt ðane in werlde ðo. spoken.
Babel, ðat tur, bi-lef un-mad, That tower was called
Babel.
ðat folc iſ wide on lon[de] ſad; 672 The folk became
scattered afar upon the
Nembrot nam wið ſtrengðhe ðat lond, earth.
And helde ðe tur o babel in hiſ hond.
Page 80
Belus was Nimrod's
Beluſ king waſ nembrot ſune, son, and after him
reigned Nilus, who set
Nilus hiſ ſune gan ille wune; 676 up an image in
remembrance of his
Belus wurð dead, and nilus king father.
Made likeneſſe, for muni[gin]g[120]
After hiſ fader, and he ſo dede, [Fol. 14.]
He it ſetten on an mirie ſtede; 680
Euerilc man he gaf lif and frið Nilus rewarded all that
honoured this likeness.
ðat to ðat likeneſſe ſogte grið;
for ðat frið ðat hem [gaf] ðe king,
He boren ðat likneſſe wurðing, 684
Calden it bel, after belum; They called it Bel,
after Belum.
After ðis cam ſwilc oðer ſum,
Manie man, iſ frend for to munen, Many made likenesses
688 of their friends.
Made likneſſe after ðe wunen,
Bel was ðe firſte, and after him Bel was the first, and
hence the names Bal or
Sum higte beland, ſum balim, Balim.
And ſum bel, and ſum bal;
fendes fleiðing wex wið-al, 692
To wenden men fro godes reed,
To newe luue and to newe dred;
Ydolatrie ðuſ waſ boren, Thus was idolatry
696 introduced, by which
for quuam mani man iſ for-loren. many are destroyed.
Of ſem, and of ðe folc ðe of him cam,
luue and dred under gode nam;
Of ðis kinge wil we leden ſong,
119]
read ðor
120]
see l. 1623
ABRAM LEAVES MESOPOTAMIA.
Cristes helpe be us amonge! 700
Beluſ king waſ nembrot ſune, son, and after him
reigned Nilus, who set
Nilus hiſ ſune gan ille wune; 676 up an image in
remembrance of his
Belus wurð dead, and nilus king father.
Made likeneſſe, for muni[gin]g[120]
After hiſ fader, and he ſo dede, [Fol. 14.]
He it ſetten on an mirie ſtede; 680
Euerilc man he gaf lif and frið Nilus rewarded all that
honoured this likeness.
ðat to ðat likeneſſe ſogte grið;
for ðat frið ðat hem [gaf] ðe king,
He boren ðat likneſſe wurðing, 684
Calden it bel, after belum; They called it Bel,
after Belum.
After ðis cam ſwilc oðer ſum,
Manie man, iſ frend for to munen, Many made likenesses
688 of their friends.
Made likneſſe after ðe wunen,
Bel was ðe firſte, and after him Bel was the first, and
hence the names Bal or
Sum higte beland, ſum balim, Balim.
And ſum bel, and ſum bal;
fendes fleiðing wex wið-al, 692
To wenden men fro godes reed,
To newe luue and to newe dred;
Ydolatrie ðuſ waſ boren, Thus was idolatry
696 introduced, by which
for quuam mani man iſ for-loren. many are destroyed.
Of ſem, and of ðe folc ðe of him cam,
luue and dred under gode nam;
Of ðis kinge wil we leden ſong,
119]
read ðor
120]
see l. 1623
ABRAM LEAVES MESOPOTAMIA.
Cristes helpe be us amonge! 700
Page 81
Noe, ſem, arfaxath, ſale, The family of Shem.
Heber, phaleth, ðe ſexte iſ he,
Reu, ſaruch, nacor, thare,
ðiſ iſ ðe tende fro noe. 704
[Fol. 14b.]
Ðis oðer werldes elde iſ ſo,
A ðhuſent ger ſeuenti and two.
ðe ðridde werldeſ elde cam, The third age of the
708 world began when
Quanne thare bi-gat abram; Terah begat Abram.
for he bi-gat a ſune aram,
Nachor midleſt, laſt abram;
Aram bi-gat loth, and ſarray, Haran begat Lot and
712 Sarai and Milcah.
And melcham, and waſ ſort leui
In lond caldea, hur hicte ðe tun, They dwelt in Ur of
the Chaldees.
Quor deades ſtrenge warp him dun;
ðor fader, and breðere, and childre, and wif, Much strife was there
716 between father and
Him bi-ſtoden wið ſorwes ſtrif; brother, children and
ðo ðogte thare on hiſ mod, wife.
long bigging iſ here nogt god. Terah did not care to
remain long in this
Nachor he gaf wif melcam, town.
And trewe ſarray abram. 720
Quanne abram wurð wiſ and war Abram having no
children adopted Lot
ðat ſarray non childre ne bar, as his son.
He toc him loth on ſunes ſtede;
He waſ hiſe neve, wol wel he dede. 724
Thare let hur, and ðeðen he nam, Terah left Ur and came
to Haran in
And wulde to lond canahan, Mesopotamia.
Cam into a burgt[121] ðat het aram,
In londe meſopothaniam. 728
Wið him ledde he nachor, melcam, With him he took his
sons and daughters.
Sarray, loth, and abram.
Tho[122] hundred ger and fifue mo, [Fol. 15.]
Thare waſ old, ſtarf he ðo. 732 Terah died when he
was two hundred and
Tereſ gliden for herteſ ſor five years old.
fro loth, and abram, and nachor;
Thare lið biried in aram. He lies buried in
Haran.
Heber, phaleth, ðe ſexte iſ he,
Reu, ſaruch, nacor, thare,
ðiſ iſ ðe tende fro noe. 704
[Fol. 14b.]
Ðis oðer werldes elde iſ ſo,
A ðhuſent ger ſeuenti and two.
ðe ðridde werldeſ elde cam, The third age of the
708 world began when
Quanne thare bi-gat abram; Terah begat Abram.
for he bi-gat a ſune aram,
Nachor midleſt, laſt abram;
Aram bi-gat loth, and ſarray, Haran begat Lot and
712 Sarai and Milcah.
And melcham, and waſ ſort leui
In lond caldea, hur hicte ðe tun, They dwelt in Ur of
the Chaldees.
Quor deades ſtrenge warp him dun;
ðor fader, and breðere, and childre, and wif, Much strife was there
716 between father and
Him bi-ſtoden wið ſorwes ſtrif; brother, children and
ðo ðogte thare on hiſ mod, wife.
long bigging iſ here nogt god. Terah did not care to
remain long in this
Nachor he gaf wif melcam, town.
And trewe ſarray abram. 720
Quanne abram wurð wiſ and war Abram having no
children adopted Lot
ðat ſarray non childre ne bar, as his son.
He toc him loth on ſunes ſtede;
He waſ hiſe neve, wol wel he dede. 724
Thare let hur, and ðeðen he nam, Terah left Ur and came
to Haran in
And wulde to lond canahan, Mesopotamia.
Cam into a burgt[121] ðat het aram,
In londe meſopothaniam. 728
Wið him ledde he nachor, melcam, With him he took his
sons and daughters.
Sarray, loth, and abram.
Tho[122] hundred ger and fifue mo, [Fol. 15.]
Thare waſ old, ſtarf he ðo. 732 Terah died when he
was two hundred and
Tereſ gliden for herteſ ſor five years old.
fro loth, and abram, and nachor;
Thare lið biried in aram. He lies buried in
Haran.
Page 82
121]
read burg
122]
read two
ABRAM REACHES CANAAN. HE GOES TO EGYPT.
God ſeide wurd to abram:— 736
"Abram, ðu fare ut of lond and kin God then commanded
Abram to leave Haran.
To a lond ic ðe ſal bringen hin."
Sex ger and fiftene mo,
Adde Abram on iſ elde ðo. 740
Abram tok loth wið ſarray, He departed, taking
with him Lot and
Hiſe agte, and erue he ledde him bi, Sarai.
For in to lond cananeam,
And in-to ſichem, a burgt, he nam, 744 First he came to
Sichem,
And ðeðen he nam to mirie dale;
fif burgeſ were ðor-inne bi tale,
ðer-fore it higte pentapolis, and afterwards to
Pentapolis (the five
Of weledeſ[123] fulſum and of bliſ, 748
cities of the plain),
Nov iſt a water of loðlic ble,
Men callið it ðe dede ſe; where now stands the
Dead Sea.
Ilc ðing deieð ðor-inne iſ driuen;
Ne may no fiſ ðor-inne liuen; 752
for mannes ſinne ðus it iſ went, The cities were
destroyed for man's
brent wið brimfir, ſunken and ſhent. sin.
God quad to abram, "al ðiſ lond
ſal cumen in to iſ kinneſ hond." 756
ðor god him taunede, made habram [Fol. 15b.]
An alter, and fro ðeðen he nam.
An oðer alter abram ſeli Abram raised an altar
760 between Bethel and
Made bi-twen betel and ai. Ai.
At damaſke iſ ðe ðridde ſtede, Damascus was the
third place where
Quer abram iſ bigging dede, Abram dwelt.
And ðeden for he, for hunger bond,
read burg
122]
read two
ABRAM REACHES CANAAN. HE GOES TO EGYPT.
God ſeide wurd to abram:— 736
"Abram, ðu fare ut of lond and kin God then commanded
Abram to leave Haran.
To a lond ic ðe ſal bringen hin."
Sex ger and fiftene mo,
Adde Abram on iſ elde ðo. 740
Abram tok loth wið ſarray, He departed, taking
with him Lot and
Hiſe agte, and erue he ledde him bi, Sarai.
For in to lond cananeam,
And in-to ſichem, a burgt, he nam, 744 First he came to
Sichem,
And ðeðen he nam to mirie dale;
fif burgeſ were ðor-inne bi tale,
ðer-fore it higte pentapolis, and afterwards to
Pentapolis (the five
Of weledeſ[123] fulſum and of bliſ, 748
cities of the plain),
Nov iſt a water of loðlic ble,
Men callið it ðe dede ſe; where now stands the
Dead Sea.
Ilc ðing deieð ðor-inne iſ driuen;
Ne may no fiſ ðor-inne liuen; 752
for mannes ſinne ðus it iſ went, The cities were
destroyed for man's
brent wið brimfir, ſunken and ſhent. sin.
God quad to abram, "al ðiſ lond
ſal cumen in to iſ kinneſ hond." 756
ðor god him taunede, made habram [Fol. 15b.]
An alter, and fro ðeðen he nam.
An oðer alter abram ſeli Abram raised an altar
760 between Bethel and
Made bi-twen betel and ai. Ai.
At damaſke iſ ðe ðridde ſtede, Damascus was the
third place where
Quer abram iſ bigging dede, Abram dwelt.
And ðeden for he, for hunger bond,
Page 83
feger ut in to egipte lond; 764 Famine drove him to
Egypt.
ðor he ſeide ðat ſarrai
waſ hiſ ſiſter, al for-ði To save his life he said
that Sarai was his
for he dredde him to leten iſ lif sister.
If he wiſten ghe wore iſ wif; 768
for ghe waſ fai[ge]r witter-like, Sarai was fair and
Egypt's folk were
And ðat folc luuede lecherlike. lecherous.
Quan abram was to egipte cumen,
123]
werldes?
PHARAOH TAKES AWAY SARAI, AND IS PUNISHED BY A PLAGUE.
Sone him waſ ſarrai binumen; 772 Soon was Sarai taken
from Abram, and
Sone him waſ ſarray bi-lagt, brought to king
And [124]pharaon ðe kinge bi-tagt; Pharaoh.
God ſente on him ſekeneſſe & care, God plagued the king
776 with sickness.
And lettede al his lecher-fare.
Sarray liuede in clene lif,
And ðe king ðholede ſorges ſtrif Pharaoh at last became
aware that all this
Til he wiſte al ðat ſtrif strife was on account
Cam him on for abram wif; 780 of Sarai,
ðo ſente he after abram, so he restored her to
her husband,
And bi-tagte he him iſ leman,
And gaf him lond, and agte, and fe, [Fol. 16.]
784 and gave Abram land
And leue, ðor quiles his wille be, and cattle.
To wune egipte folc among,
And friðen him wel fro euerilc wrong,
Bad him to god hiſ erdne beren,
ðat ywel him ſulde nunmor deren. 788 In Egypt the patriarch
abode in security.
ðor wunede abram in welðe and in frið,
Egipte clerkes woren him wið, Egypt's clerks held
him in high honour.
And hem lerede, witterlike,
Aſtronomige and arſmetike; 792
He was hem lef, he woren him hold.
Egypt.
ðor he ſeide ðat ſarrai
waſ hiſ ſiſter, al for-ði To save his life he said
that Sarai was his
for he dredde him to leten iſ lif sister.
If he wiſten ghe wore iſ wif; 768
for ghe waſ fai[ge]r witter-like, Sarai was fair and
Egypt's folk were
And ðat folc luuede lecherlike. lecherous.
Quan abram was to egipte cumen,
123]
werldes?
PHARAOH TAKES AWAY SARAI, AND IS PUNISHED BY A PLAGUE.
Sone him waſ ſarrai binumen; 772 Soon was Sarai taken
from Abram, and
Sone him waſ ſarray bi-lagt, brought to king
And [124]pharaon ðe kinge bi-tagt; Pharaoh.
God ſente on him ſekeneſſe & care, God plagued the king
776 with sickness.
And lettede al his lecher-fare.
Sarray liuede in clene lif,
And ðe king ðholede ſorges ſtrif Pharaoh at last became
aware that all this
Til he wiſte al ðat ſtrif strife was on account
Cam him on for abram wif; 780 of Sarai,
ðo ſente he after abram, so he restored her to
her husband,
And bi-tagte he him iſ leman,
And gaf him lond, and agte, and fe, [Fol. 16.]
784 and gave Abram land
And leue, ðor quiles his wille be, and cattle.
To wune egipte folc among,
And friðen him wel fro euerilc wrong,
Bad him to god hiſ erdne beren,
ðat ywel him ſulde nunmor deren. 788 In Egypt the patriarch
abode in security.
ðor wunede abram in welðe and in frið,
Egipte clerkes woren him wið, Egypt's clerks held
him in high honour.
And hem lerede, witterlike,
Aſtronomige and arſmetike; 792
He was hem lef, he woren him hold.
Page 84
God gaf him ðor ſiluer and gold, God greatly increased
his riches.
And hird, and orf, and ſrud, and ſat,
Vn-achteled welðe he ðor bi-gat. 796
Vt of egipte, riche man, Out of Egypt Abram
went to Canaan, and
Wente abram in to lond canaan; abode between Bethel
And loth hiſe neue and ſarray and Ai.
bileften bi-twen betel and ay, 800
ðor he quilum her wiſten wunen,
Or he weren to egipte cumen.
So wex here erue, and ſo gan ðen Strife arose between
804 Abram and Lot's
An twen here hirdeſ ſtriuing gan ben; herdsmen.
Loth him cheſ, bi leue of abram, Lot, by leave of his
uncle, chose the plains
ðat herðe hende ðe flum iurdan; of the
124]
w in MS. But the w is much like p.
ABRAM DWELLS AT MAMRE. LOT IN SODOM.
In mirie dale hiſe bigginge he ches, Jordan for his
808 dwelling-place.
ðat he ſiðen twie for-les.
[Fol. 16b.]
Abram let loth in welðe and wale,
And ferde a-wei to mambre dale; Abram dwelt in
Mamre-dale, towards
ðor wunede abram henden ebron, Ebron.
ðat burge an oðer man lið on, 812
It atteð cariatharbe, This city is called
Kirjatharba, i. e. four
On engle ſpeche fowre cite; cities.
fowre arbe cariatht arn in,
for ðat fowre biried ðor ben; 816 Four lie buried there.
ðor waſ leid adam and eua, There was laid Adam
and Eve, Abram and
Abram ſiðen and ſarra; Sarai, Jacob and Leah.
ðor yſaac and rebecca,
And iacob and hiſe wif lia. 820
his riches.
And hird, and orf, and ſrud, and ſat,
Vn-achteled welðe he ðor bi-gat. 796
Vt of egipte, riche man, Out of Egypt Abram
went to Canaan, and
Wente abram in to lond canaan; abode between Bethel
And loth hiſe neue and ſarray and Ai.
bileften bi-twen betel and ay, 800
ðor he quilum her wiſten wunen,
Or he weren to egipte cumen.
So wex here erue, and ſo gan ðen Strife arose between
804 Abram and Lot's
An twen here hirdeſ ſtriuing gan ben; herdsmen.
Loth him cheſ, bi leue of abram, Lot, by leave of his
uncle, chose the plains
ðat herðe hende ðe flum iurdan; of the
124]
w in MS. But the w is much like p.
ABRAM DWELLS AT MAMRE. LOT IN SODOM.
In mirie dale hiſe bigginge he ches, Jordan for his
808 dwelling-place.
ðat he ſiðen twie for-les.
[Fol. 16b.]
Abram let loth in welðe and wale,
And ferde a-wei to mambre dale; Abram dwelt in
Mamre-dale, towards
ðor wunede abram henden ebron, Ebron.
ðat burge an oðer man lið on, 812
It atteð cariatharbe, This city is called
Kirjatharba, i. e. four
On engle ſpeche fowre cite; cities.
fowre arbe cariatht arn in,
for ðat fowre biried ðor ben; 816 Four lie buried there.
ðor waſ leid adam and eua, There was laid Adam
and Eve, Abram and
Abram ſiðen and ſarra; Sarai, Jacob and Leah.
ðor yſaac and rebecca,
And iacob and hiſe wif lia. 820
Page 85
Mamre, Eschol, and
MAmbre, wið excol and anel, Aner were sworn
brothers with Abram.
ðor luueden Abram ful wel;
He woren breðere of kinde boren,
And abram woren he breðre ſworen. 824
Quor abram wunede, ðor wex bi
An ok' ðat waſ of gibi,
ðer het god abre ðat tagte lond God promised that
828 Abram's seed should
Sal cumen al in hiſ kinneſ hond, possess the land
And eſt and weſt, and ſuð and norð; wherein he was a
Al ðat god wile ſal wel gon forð. stranger.
Then was pride widely
Ðo wurðen waxen ſo wide and ſpred, spread, and desire of
sovereignty.
pride and giſcinge of louerd-hed; 832
Neg ilc burge hadde iſe louereding, Nearly every city had
its ruler.
Sum waſ king, and ſum kumeling;
[Fol. 17.]
Sum waſ wið migte[125] ſo forð gon,
ðat hadden he under hem mani on. 836
The five cities of
Fif burges of pentapoliſ, Pentapolis, ruled over
by their own kings,
Adama, bala, Seboyſ,
And ſodoma wið gomorra,
ðe kinges welten burges ðoa, 840
MAmbre, wið excol and anel, Aner were sworn
brothers with Abram.
ðor luueden Abram ful wel;
He woren breðere of kinde boren,
And abram woren he breðre ſworen. 824
Quor abram wunede, ðor wex bi
An ok' ðat waſ of gibi,
ðer het god abre ðat tagte lond God promised that
828 Abram's seed should
Sal cumen al in hiſ kinneſ hond, possess the land
And eſt and weſt, and ſuð and norð; wherein he was a
Al ðat god wile ſal wel gon forð. stranger.
Then was pride widely
Ðo wurðen waxen ſo wide and ſpred, spread, and desire of
sovereignty.
pride and giſcinge of louerd-hed; 832
Neg ilc burge hadde iſe louereding, Nearly every city had
its ruler.
Sum waſ king, and ſum kumeling;
[Fol. 17.]
Sum waſ wið migte[125] ſo forð gon,
ðat hadden he under hem mani on. 836
The five cities of
Fif burges of pentapoliſ, Pentapolis, ruled over
by their own kings,
Adama, bala, Seboyſ,
And ſodoma wið gomorra,
ðe kinges welten burges ðoa, 840
Page 86
125]
The MS. has migt; but migte is at the bottom of p. 16 b in the catchwords
—"Sū waſ wið migte."
THE BATTLE OF FOUR KINGS AGAINST FIVE.
On-kumen was cadalamor, were conquered by
Chedorlaomer, and
king of elam, wið ferding ſtor; paid him tribute.
.xij. ger he weren under iſ hond, Twelve years they
844 were under his hand.
And gouen him gouel of here lond;
.xiij. ger gan ſo forð gon In the thirteenth they
rebelled,
wulde he giuen him gouel non;
ðre kinges haued he wið him brogt, Chedorlaomer and
848 other three kings made
wið here-gonge hiſe gouel ſogt; war upon the cities.
He ben cumen to mirie dale,
An ðere he werken ſckaðe and bale;
fowre on-ſeken and fifue weren, Much sorrow they
852 wrought. The four
Oc ðe fowre ðe fiue deren; kings conquered the
wunded ðor waſ gret folc and ſlagen, five.
ðe fifwe flen, ðe fowre ben fagen;
ðe fifwe up to ðe dunes flen, The five flee to the
856 hills, and the four to
ðe fowre in to ðe tuneſ ten; the cities of the plain.
wifwes, and childre, and agte, and ſrud,
He ledden a-wei wið herte prud. They led away with
them Lot, his goods,
Loth and iſ agte, childre and wif, children, and wife.
ben led a-wei bunden wið ſtrif; 860
oc on of hem, ðe flogen a-wei [Fol. 17b.]
Told it abram ðat ilke deai. But one escaped and
told Abram, who
ðre hundred men and .xiij. wigt, armed 313 servants
Alle ſtalwurði and witter of figt, 864 and pursued the enemy.
wið mambre, and excol, and anel,
Abram let him tunde wel;
ðat hird he folged[126] alſ to ðan,
On heued-welle of flum iordan, 868
ðor he wenden ben ſiker on nigt;
Abram he brogte wel newe figt.
The MS. has migt; but migte is at the bottom of p. 16 b in the catchwords
—"Sū waſ wið migte."
THE BATTLE OF FOUR KINGS AGAINST FIVE.
On-kumen was cadalamor, were conquered by
Chedorlaomer, and
king of elam, wið ferding ſtor; paid him tribute.
.xij. ger he weren under iſ hond, Twelve years they
844 were under his hand.
And gouen him gouel of here lond;
.xiij. ger gan ſo forð gon In the thirteenth they
rebelled,
wulde he giuen him gouel non;
ðre kinges haued he wið him brogt, Chedorlaomer and
848 other three kings made
wið here-gonge hiſe gouel ſogt; war upon the cities.
He ben cumen to mirie dale,
An ðere he werken ſckaðe and bale;
fowre on-ſeken and fifue weren, Much sorrow they
852 wrought. The four
Oc ðe fowre ðe fiue deren; kings conquered the
wunded ðor waſ gret folc and ſlagen, five.
ðe fifwe flen, ðe fowre ben fagen;
ðe fifwe up to ðe dunes flen, The five flee to the
856 hills, and the four to
ðe fowre in to ðe tuneſ ten; the cities of the plain.
wifwes, and childre, and agte, and ſrud,
He ledden a-wei wið herte prud. They led away with
them Lot, his goods,
Loth and iſ agte, childre and wif, children, and wife.
ben led a-wei bunden wið ſtrif; 860
oc on of hem, ðe flogen a-wei [Fol. 17b.]
Told it abram ðat ilke deai. But one escaped and
told Abram, who
ðre hundred men and .xiij. wigt, armed 313 servants
Alle ſtalwurði and witter of figt, 864 and pursued the enemy.
wið mambre, and excol, and anel,
Abram let him tunde wel;
ðat hird he folged[126] alſ to ðan,
On heued-welle of flum iordan, 868
ðor he wenden ben ſiker on nigt;
Abram he brogte wel newe figt.
Page 87
He woren drunken and ſlepi, Abram found them
872 drunk and sleepy.
Abram[127] folc made hem dredi;
ſo heg, ſo long, ne ſpared hem nogt,
Alle he ben ðor to gronde brogt, He brought them all to
ground.
wið-ðuten ðo ðe cuden flen;
126]
folgel in MS.
127]
An is is inserted by a later hand.
ABRAM RESCUES LOT. MELCHIZEDEK BLESSES HIM.
get ne migten he ſiker ben, 876
He pursued them unto
for magnie[128] of ðo woren ouer-taken, Hoba, near Damascus.
Abram cude hem to ſorwe maken.
Henden damaſk, til burgt oba,
Abram hem folwede and wrogte woa; 880
wifes, and childre, and ſrud, and ſat, Much spoil he took.
He brogte agen and mikel he bat;
And tol, and takel, and orf, he dede
wenden hom to here ogen ſtede, 884
for loteſ luue fel him ðuſ rigt, All this he did for love
of Lot.
Borwen he ben wel of dat[129] figt.
Sodomes king in kinge dale, [Fol. 18.]
888 The king of Sodom
Mette abram wið feres wale, went out to meet
In ðe weie ðe ligið to ſalem, Abram.
ðe ſiðen iſ cald ieruſalem.
Melchiſedech, ſalameſ king, Melchizedek brought
892 him bread and wine.
dede abram ðor mikel wurðing;
He froðer[ed]e him, after iſ ſwinc,
wið bredeſ fode and wines drinc;
Habram gaf him ðe tigðe del Abram gave him a
896 tenth of the spoil.
Of alle iſ bigete, and dede ðor wel,
And bliſcede dor[130] godeſ migt,
872 drunk and sleepy.
Abram[127] folc made hem dredi;
ſo heg, ſo long, ne ſpared hem nogt,
Alle he ben ðor to gronde brogt, He brought them all to
ground.
wið-ðuten ðo ðe cuden flen;
126]
folgel in MS.
127]
An is is inserted by a later hand.
ABRAM RESCUES LOT. MELCHIZEDEK BLESSES HIM.
get ne migten he ſiker ben, 876
He pursued them unto
for magnie[128] of ðo woren ouer-taken, Hoba, near Damascus.
Abram cude hem to ſorwe maken.
Henden damaſk, til burgt oba,
Abram hem folwede and wrogte woa; 880
wifes, and childre, and ſrud, and ſat, Much spoil he took.
He brogte agen and mikel he bat;
And tol, and takel, and orf, he dede
wenden hom to here ogen ſtede, 884
for loteſ luue fel him ðuſ rigt, All this he did for love
of Lot.
Borwen he ben wel of dat[129] figt.
Sodomes king in kinge dale, [Fol. 18.]
888 The king of Sodom
Mette abram wið feres wale, went out to meet
In ðe weie ðe ligið to ſalem, Abram.
ðe ſiðen iſ cald ieruſalem.
Melchiſedech, ſalameſ king, Melchizedek brought
892 him bread and wine.
dede abram ðor mikel wurðing;
He froðer[ed]e him, after iſ ſwinc,
wið bredeſ fode and wines drinc;
Habram gaf him ðe tigðe del Abram gave him a
896 tenth of the spoil.
Of alle iſ bigete, and dede ðor wel,
And bliſcede dor[130] godeſ migt,
Page 88
ðat bargt abram wel of ðat figt;
for he waſ boðen king and preſt, Melchizedek was both
900 priest and king.
of elde moſt, of wit hegest;
wiſte no man of werlðe ðo, None knew from what
family he sprung.
Quat kinde he waſ kumen fro;
Oc ſumme ſeiden ðat it waſ ſem, Some said that this
904 king of Salem was
ðiſ preſt and [oc] king of ſalem, Shem,
or or ðe flod waſ long bi-forn
of noe bi-geten, of[131] iſ wif born,
And fro ſo longe ðor bi-foren who lived until the
908 birth of Isaac.
Liuede til yſaac waſ boren.
The king of Sodom
Sodomes king bed dor [132]
abram offered Abram the
goods and cattle taken
Al agte and erf, wið-uten man,[133] from the enemy.
Alle heſ hadde wið migte bi-geten,
128]
read manige
129]
read ðat
130]
read ðor
131]
MS. oſ.
132]
read ðor
133]
? nam
ABRAM COMPLAINS FOR WANT OF AN HEIR.
for he waſ boðen king and preſt, Melchizedek was both
900 priest and king.
of elde moſt, of wit hegest;
wiſte no man of werlðe ðo, None knew from what
family he sprung.
Quat kinde he waſ kumen fro;
Oc ſumme ſeiden ðat it waſ ſem, Some said that this
904 king of Salem was
ðiſ preſt and [oc] king of ſalem, Shem,
or or ðe flod waſ long bi-forn
of noe bi-geten, of[131] iſ wif born,
And fro ſo longe ðor bi-foren who lived until the
908 birth of Isaac.
Liuede til yſaac waſ boren.
The king of Sodom
Sodomes king bed dor [132]
abram offered Abram the
goods and cattle taken
Al agte and erf, wið-uten man,[133] from the enemy.
Alle heſ hadde wið migte bi-geten,
128]
read manige
129]
read ðat
130]
read ðor
131]
MS. oſ.
132]
read ðor
133]
? nam
ABRAM COMPLAINS FOR WANT OF AN HEIR.
Page 89
wolde he nogt him hiſ ſwinc for-geten, 912
oc abram dede ðor meðelike wel, [Fol. 18b.]
The patriarch would
wid-held he ðor-of neu[er]e on del, accept of nothing.
oc al ðat euere fel him to,
Sac-les he let hin welden it ſo. 916 Then first began the
custom of keeping the
Ebruiſ ſeigen, wune hem wex her 15th year holy.
To algen ilk fiftene ger,
for loth waſ fifti winter hold,
Quan abram him bi-told. 920
Abel first began first-
Abel primiceſ firſt bi-gan, fruit.
And decimas first abram; Abram tithes.
Nu iſt ſo boden and ſo bitagt,
Quo-ſo hiſ alt him bi agt. 924
After ðiſ ſpac god to abram:— After this God spake
to Abram, saying, "I
"ðin berg and tin werger ic ham. am thy safety and thy
ðin ſwinc ðe ſal ben gulden wel, defence, thy toil shall
928 be requited."
wid[134] michel welðe in good[e] ſel."
Quad he, "quat ſal me welðes ware, Quoth Abram, "What
avails wealth, seeing
Quane ic child-leſ of werlde fare; that I am childless, and
Damak eliezereſ ſune, that Eliezer's son shall
In al min welðe ſal he wunen?" 932 inherit my wealth?"
Quat god, "ſo ſal it nogt ben, God said, "Of thyself
shall thine heir come."
Of ðe ſelf ſal ðin erward ten."
Abram leuede ðiſ hot in ſped,
dat[135] waſ him [told] to rigt-wiſhed. 936
ðre der he toc, ilc ðre ger hold, Abram took three deer
each three years old
And ſacrede god on an wold; and offered them as a
sacrifice.
of godeſ bode he nam god kep, [Fol. 19.]
A net, and a got, and a ſep; 940 An heifer, a goat, and
a sheep he took, and
Euerilc of ðeſe he delte on two, divided them in two
And let hem lin on ſunder ſo, and set them apart.
Vndelt heſ leide quor-ſo heſ tok;
And ðor a duue and a turtul ok 944 The dove and the
turtle he divided not.
Sat up on-rum til heuene he tok,
And of ðo doles kep he nam
oc abram dede ðor meðelike wel, [Fol. 18b.]
The patriarch would
wid-held he ðor-of neu[er]e on del, accept of nothing.
oc al ðat euere fel him to,
Sac-les he let hin welden it ſo. 916 Then first began the
custom of keeping the
Ebruiſ ſeigen, wune hem wex her 15th year holy.
To algen ilk fiftene ger,
for loth waſ fifti winter hold,
Quan abram him bi-told. 920
Abel first began first-
Abel primiceſ firſt bi-gan, fruit.
And decimas first abram; Abram tithes.
Nu iſt ſo boden and ſo bitagt,
Quo-ſo hiſ alt him bi agt. 924
After ðiſ ſpac god to abram:— After this God spake
to Abram, saying, "I
"ðin berg and tin werger ic ham. am thy safety and thy
ðin ſwinc ðe ſal ben gulden wel, defence, thy toil shall
928 be requited."
wid[134] michel welðe in good[e] ſel."
Quad he, "quat ſal me welðes ware, Quoth Abram, "What
avails wealth, seeing
Quane ic child-leſ of werlde fare; that I am childless, and
Damak eliezereſ ſune, that Eliezer's son shall
In al min welðe ſal he wunen?" 932 inherit my wealth?"
Quat god, "ſo ſal it nogt ben, God said, "Of thyself
shall thine heir come."
Of ðe ſelf ſal ðin erward ten."
Abram leuede ðiſ hot in ſped,
dat[135] waſ him [told] to rigt-wiſhed. 936
ðre der he toc, ilc ðre ger hold, Abram took three deer
each three years old
And ſacrede god on an wold; and offered them as a
sacrifice.
of godeſ bode he nam god kep, [Fol. 19.]
A net, and a got, and a ſep; 940 An heifer, a goat, and
a sheep he took, and
Euerilc of ðeſe he delte on two, divided them in two
And let hem lin on ſunder ſo, and set them apart.
Vndelt heſ leide quor-ſo heſ tok;
And ðor a duue and a turtul ok 944 The dove and the
turtle he divided not.
Sat up on-rum til heuene he tok,
And of ðo doles kep he nam
Page 90
Gredi foueles fellen ðor-on, Greedy fowls fell upon
the carcases.
134]
read wið
135]
read ðat
SARAI BEING BARREN GIVES HAGAR TO ABRAM.
ðat ðogte abram wel iwel don, 948
kagte iſ wei, quan it waſ nigt, Abram drove them
away. Then came on
ðo cam on him vgging and frigt; him fear and fright.
A michel fier he ſag, and an brigt, A great and bright fire
952 he saw glide down
gliden ðor twen ðo doles rigt. between the pieces.
God ſeide him ðor a ſoðe drem In a dream God
showed Abram the
ðe timinge of iſ beren-tem, future condition of his
And hu he ſulde in pine ben, descendants.
And uten erdes ſorge ſen; 956
fowre hundred ger ſulden ben gon,
Hor he ſulden wel cumen a-gon, Canaan is promised as
his inheritance.
oc ſiðen ſulde in here hond,
bi-cumen ðat hotene lond. 960
ðo wiſte abram wel michel mor Then knew Abram
much more of what
Quat waſ to cumen ðan he wiſte or. was to come than he
ever knew before.
Sarai, being barren,
Siðen bi-fel ðat ſarrai, gives Hagar to Abram.
for ghe waſ longe untuderi, 964
Ghe bitagte abre maiden agar; [Fol. 19b.]
Ghe wurð wið childe and hem two bar;
forð ſiðen ghe bi abram ſlep,
Of hire leuedi nam ghe no kep; 968 Hagar having
conceived, despised
And ſarrai wuldet nogt ðolen her mistress.
ðat agar wore ðuſ to-bolen;
Ghe held hire hard in ðralleſ wune, Sarai afflicts her thrall.
the carcases.
134]
read wið
135]
read ðat
SARAI BEING BARREN GIVES HAGAR TO ABRAM.
ðat ðogte abram wel iwel don, 948
kagte iſ wei, quan it waſ nigt, Abram drove them
away. Then came on
ðo cam on him vgging and frigt; him fear and fright.
A michel fier he ſag, and an brigt, A great and bright fire
952 he saw glide down
gliden ðor twen ðo doles rigt. between the pieces.
God ſeide him ðor a ſoðe drem In a dream God
showed Abram the
ðe timinge of iſ beren-tem, future condition of his
And hu he ſulde in pine ben, descendants.
And uten erdes ſorge ſen; 956
fowre hundred ger ſulden ben gon,
Hor he ſulden wel cumen a-gon, Canaan is promised as
his inheritance.
oc ſiðen ſulde in here hond,
bi-cumen ðat hotene lond. 960
ðo wiſte abram wel michel mor Then knew Abram
much more of what
Quat waſ to cumen ðan he wiſte or. was to come than he
ever knew before.
Sarai, being barren,
Siðen bi-fel ðat ſarrai, gives Hagar to Abram.
for ghe waſ longe untuderi, 964
Ghe bitagte abre maiden agar; [Fol. 19b.]
Ghe wurð wið childe and hem two bar;
forð ſiðen ghe bi abram ſlep,
Of hire leuedi nam ghe no kep; 968 Hagar having
conceived, despised
And ſarrai wuldet nogt ðolen her mistress.
ðat agar wore ðuſ to-bolen;
Ghe held hire hard in ðralleſ wune, Sarai afflicts her thrall.
Page 91
And dede hire ſorge and anger mune; 972
ðo fleg agar fro ſarray, Hagar flees from Sarai
into the desert
wimman wið childe, one and ſori, homeless and weary.
In ðe diſerd, wil and weri,
And an angel cam ðor hire bi, 976
wiſte hire drogen ſori for ðriſt,
At a welle quemede hire liſt, An angel commands
her to return and be
And bad hire ſone wenden agen, buxom to her lady.
And to hire leuedi buxum ben; 980
And ſeide ghe ſulde ſunen wel He tells her of her
child.
And timen, and clepen it ſmael,[136]
136]
A metrical licence for "iſmael."
ISHMAEL IS BORN. CIRCUMCISION IS INSTITUTED.
And he ſulde ben man migti,
And of him kumen folc frigti; 984
Ghe wente agen, and bar ðat child, Hagar returns, and
Ishmael is born.
And abram wurð wið hire milde.
lxxx. gere and ſexe mo Abram was then
988 fourscore and six years
Hadde abram on hiſ elde ðo, old.
And .xiii. ger ðor after told,
When Abram was
ix. and nigneti[137] ger he waſ old, ninety-nine years old
God changed his name
to Abraham.
Quuanne him cam bode in ſunder run, [Fol. 20.]
fro gode of circumcicioun. 992
His name ðo wurð a lettre mor,
Hiſ wiueſ leſſe ðan it waſ or,
for ðo wurd abram abraham,
And ſarray ſarra bi-cam; 996 Sarai's name is also
changed to Sarah.
And al ðat euere ðe louered bad,
dede abraham redi and rad.
He him ſelf wurð ðanne circumciſ, Circumcision is
1000 instituted.
ðo fleg agar fro ſarray, Hagar flees from Sarai
into the desert
wimman wið childe, one and ſori, homeless and weary.
In ðe diſerd, wil and weri,
And an angel cam ðor hire bi, 976
wiſte hire drogen ſori for ðriſt,
At a welle quemede hire liſt, An angel commands
her to return and be
And bad hire ſone wenden agen, buxom to her lady.
And to hire leuedi buxum ben; 980
And ſeide ghe ſulde ſunen wel He tells her of her
child.
And timen, and clepen it ſmael,[136]
136]
A metrical licence for "iſmael."
ISHMAEL IS BORN. CIRCUMCISION IS INSTITUTED.
And he ſulde ben man migti,
And of him kumen folc frigti; 984
Ghe wente agen, and bar ðat child, Hagar returns, and
Ishmael is born.
And abram wurð wið hire milde.
lxxx. gere and ſexe mo Abram was then
988 fourscore and six years
Hadde abram on hiſ elde ðo, old.
And .xiii. ger ðor after told,
When Abram was
ix. and nigneti[137] ger he waſ old, ninety-nine years old
God changed his name
to Abraham.
Quuanne him cam bode in ſunder run, [Fol. 20.]
fro gode of circumcicioun. 992
His name ðo wurð a lettre mor,
Hiſ wiueſ leſſe ðan it waſ or,
for ðo wurd abram abraham,
And ſarray ſarra bi-cam; 996 Sarai's name is also
changed to Sarah.
And al ðat euere ðe louered bad,
dede abraham redi and rad.
He him ſelf wurð ðanne circumciſ, Circumcision is
1000 instituted.
Page 92
And yſmael hiſ ſune iwiſ;
And of iſ hird euerilc wapman
wurð circumciſ, al-so he it bi-gan,
Quuo ne bar ðanne iſ merk him on Whoso bore not this
1004 mark upon him was to
fro godes folc ſulde he be don. be cut off from God's
folk.
Afterwards in the dale
Siðen, in ðe dale of mambre, of Mamre Abraham
saw figures three,
ſag abraham figures ðre, seemly messengers
from God.
Sondes ſemlike kumen fro gode;
Abraham he broghten wel bliðe bode. 1008
Abraham he[m] ran wel ſwiðe agon,
And of ðe ðre he wurðede ðe ton, Abraham entertains the
angels.
ðe god him dede in herte ſen,
ðe waſ wurði wurðed to ben; 1012
bred, kalueſ fleiſ, and flures bred, He set before them
calves flesh, bread and
And buttere, hem ðo sondes bed; flour and butter.
for ðat he bad wið herte fre, What he offered with a
1016 free heart his guests
He it nomen in charite; took in charity,
So malt ðat mete in hem to nogt, [Fol. 20b.]
though it was but as a
So a watreſ drope in a fier brogt. drop of water in a fire.
137]
read nigenti
ABRAHAM IS PROMISED A SON.
Abraham ſtod and quamede hem wel,
Hiſ good[e] wil was hem good mel. 1020
Quuad ðiſ on, "ðiſ time oðer ger, Abraham is promised
a son.
Sal ic me to ðe taunen her;
Bi ðan ſal ſarra ſelðe timen,
ðat ge ſal of a ſune trimen." 1024
ðanne herde ſarra ſwilc tiding, Sarah heard the words
of the Lord.
And it hire ðogte a ſelli ðhing,
for ghe waſ nigenti winter hold,
1028
And of iſ hird euerilc wapman
wurð circumciſ, al-so he it bi-gan,
Quuo ne bar ðanne iſ merk him on Whoso bore not this
1004 mark upon him was to
fro godes folc ſulde he be don. be cut off from God's
folk.
Afterwards in the dale
Siðen, in ðe dale of mambre, of Mamre Abraham
saw figures three,
ſag abraham figures ðre, seemly messengers
from God.
Sondes ſemlike kumen fro gode;
Abraham he broghten wel bliðe bode. 1008
Abraham he[m] ran wel ſwiðe agon,
And of ðe ðre he wurðede ðe ton, Abraham entertains the
angels.
ðe god him dede in herte ſen,
ðe waſ wurði wurðed to ben; 1012
bred, kalueſ fleiſ, and flures bred, He set before them
calves flesh, bread and
And buttere, hem ðo sondes bed; flour and butter.
for ðat he bad wið herte fre, What he offered with a
1016 free heart his guests
He it nomen in charite; took in charity,
So malt ðat mete in hem to nogt, [Fol. 20b.]
though it was but as a
So a watreſ drope in a fier brogt. drop of water in a fire.
137]
read nigenti
ABRAHAM IS PROMISED A SON.
Abraham ſtod and quamede hem wel,
Hiſ good[e] wil was hem good mel. 1020
Quuad ðiſ on, "ðiſ time oðer ger, Abraham is promised
a son.
Sal ic me to ðe taunen her;
Bi ðan ſal ſarra ſelðe timen,
ðat ge ſal of a ſune trimen." 1024
ðanne herde ſarra ſwilc tiding, Sarah heard the words
of the Lord.
And it hire ðogte a ſelli ðhing,
for ghe waſ nigenti winter hold,
1028
Page 93
Abraham on wane of an hundred told;
Ghe glente and ðhogte, migte it nogt ben, She did not believe
them.
And ghe ðat ſulde her wið childe be ſen;
And Abraham trewid it ful wel, Abraham, however,
1032 trowed it full well.
And it wurð ſoð binnen ſwilc ſel.
Then the three went
Fro mambre dale wente ðo ðre, towards Sodom.
to-ward ſodome geden he;
Quad ðe louered, "wile ic nogt ſtelen,
Ne min dede abraham helen; 1036 The destruction of
Sodom is revealed to
Ic cume to ſen ðat ſinne dwale Abraham.
ðat iſ me told of mirieſ dale."
ðo adde abram iſ herte ſor, He is in great grief on
1040 account of Lot.
for loth hiſ newe wunede ðor.
"Louerd," quad he, "hu ſaltu don, He intercedes for the
wicked cities.
If ðu ſalt nimen wreche ðor on;
Salt ðu nogt ðe rigt-wiſe weren, [Fol. 21.]
Or for hem ðe toðere með beren?" 1044
Quad god, "find ic ðor ten or mo, God promises to spare
the cities for the sake
Ic ſal meðen ðe ſtede for ðo." of five righteous.
Durſte Abraham freinen nunmor,
Oc wente agen wið herte ſor; 1048 Abraham departs sore
at heart.
And god at-wot in-to hiſe ligt,
ðo to gon to ſodome rigt.
Sunne iſ weſt under erðe numen, At even two angels
1052 came to Sodom.
Quuanne he ben to ſodome cumen;
Get ſat loth at ðe burges gate, Lot sat at the city's
gate, and seeing them,
After ſum geſte ſtod him quake;[138]
138]
read quate
LOT ENTERTAINS TWO ANGELS.
He roſ, and lutte, and ſcroð him wel,
And bead hem hom to iſ oſtel 1056 he invited them to his
home to stay with him
To herbergen wið him ðat nigt, that night.
Ghe glente and ðhogte, migte it nogt ben, She did not believe
them.
And ghe ðat ſulde her wið childe be ſen;
And Abraham trewid it ful wel, Abraham, however,
1032 trowed it full well.
And it wurð ſoð binnen ſwilc ſel.
Then the three went
Fro mambre dale wente ðo ðre, towards Sodom.
to-ward ſodome geden he;
Quad ðe louered, "wile ic nogt ſtelen,
Ne min dede abraham helen; 1036 The destruction of
Sodom is revealed to
Ic cume to ſen ðat ſinne dwale Abraham.
ðat iſ me told of mirieſ dale."
ðo adde abram iſ herte ſor, He is in great grief on
1040 account of Lot.
for loth hiſ newe wunede ðor.
"Louerd," quad he, "hu ſaltu don, He intercedes for the
wicked cities.
If ðu ſalt nimen wreche ðor on;
Salt ðu nogt ðe rigt-wiſe weren, [Fol. 21.]
Or for hem ðe toðere með beren?" 1044
Quad god, "find ic ðor ten or mo, God promises to spare
the cities for the sake
Ic ſal meðen ðe ſtede for ðo." of five righteous.
Durſte Abraham freinen nunmor,
Oc wente agen wið herte ſor; 1048 Abraham departs sore
at heart.
And god at-wot in-to hiſe ligt,
ðo to gon to ſodome rigt.
Sunne iſ weſt under erðe numen, At even two angels
1052 came to Sodom.
Quuanne he ben to ſodome cumen;
Get ſat loth at ðe burges gate, Lot sat at the city's
gate, and seeing them,
After ſum geſte ſtod him quake;[138]
138]
read quate
LOT ENTERTAINS TWO ANGELS.
He roſ, and lutte, and ſcroð him wel,
And bead hem hom to iſ oſtel 1056 he invited them to his
home to stay with him
To herbergen wið him ðat nigt, that night.
Page 94
ðo ſwete angeles, faier and brigt;
And he ſo deden alſ he hem bead,
He wiſten him bergen fro ðe dead; 1060
And loth hem ſerued faire and wel, Lot served his guests
fair and well.
And he him gulden it euerilc del.
Oc al ðat burgt folc ðat helde waſ on,
ðe migte lecher crafte don, 1064
To lothes huſ he cumen ðat nigt The wicked Sodomites
beset Lot's house.
And bi-ſetten it redi to figt;
He boden him bringen ut o-non, They bade him bring
1068 out the strangers.
ðo men ðat woren ðidir in-gon.
Loth hem bead iſ dogtres two, [Fol. 21b.]
Lot offered them his
for to friðen hiſe geſte ſwo; daughters.
Oc he ne wulden hiſ dogtres nogt,
for wicke and feble waſ here ðogt. 1072 The wicked folk
sought to harm Lot.
ðat folc vn-ſeli, ſinne wod,
ðo ſori wrecches of yuel blod
wulden him ðor gret ſtrengðe don,
Til wreche and letting cam hem on. 1076
ðis angels two drogen loth in, The angels drew Lot
in.
And ſhetten to ðe dure-pin.
Wil ſiðen cam on euerilc on, Blindness came upon
1080 the Sodomites,
ðo wrecches ðe wið-vten gon,
for al ðat nigt he ſogten ðor
and they sought the
ðe dure, and fundend[139] neuere mor. door in vain.
ðo ſeiden ðiſ angeles to loth wið ſped,
If ðu frend haueſt and wi[l]t don red, 1084 Lot is commanded to
leave the city with his
Bid him, or day, redi ben, friends before
And ſwiðe ut ðiſ burgeſ flen, daybreak.
elles ſulen he brennen and for-faren,
If he ne bi time heðe[n] waren. 1088
Two ðor werren quam him ðogte ear
To wedden hiſ two dogtres ðear;[140]
139]
So in MS.
And he ſo deden alſ he hem bead,
He wiſten him bergen fro ðe dead; 1060
And loth hem ſerued faire and wel, Lot served his guests
fair and well.
And he him gulden it euerilc del.
Oc al ðat burgt folc ðat helde waſ on,
ðe migte lecher crafte don, 1064
To lothes huſ he cumen ðat nigt The wicked Sodomites
beset Lot's house.
And bi-ſetten it redi to figt;
He boden him bringen ut o-non, They bade him bring
1068 out the strangers.
ðo men ðat woren ðidir in-gon.
Loth hem bead iſ dogtres two, [Fol. 21b.]
Lot offered them his
for to friðen hiſe geſte ſwo; daughters.
Oc he ne wulden hiſ dogtres nogt,
for wicke and feble waſ here ðogt. 1072 The wicked folk
sought to harm Lot.
ðat folc vn-ſeli, ſinne wod,
ðo ſori wrecches of yuel blod
wulden him ðor gret ſtrengðe don,
Til wreche and letting cam hem on. 1076
ðis angels two drogen loth in, The angels drew Lot
in.
And ſhetten to ðe dure-pin.
Wil ſiðen cam on euerilc on, Blindness came upon
1080 the Sodomites,
ðo wrecches ðe wið-vten gon,
for al ðat nigt he ſogten ðor
and they sought the
ðe dure, and fundend[139] neuere mor. door in vain.
ðo ſeiden ðiſ angeles to loth wið ſped,
If ðu frend haueſt and wi[l]t don red, 1084 Lot is commanded to
leave the city with his
Bid him, or day, redi ben, friends before
And ſwiðe ut ðiſ burgeſ flen, daybreak.
elles ſulen he brennen and for-faren,
If he ne bi time heðe[n] waren. 1088
Two ðor werren quam him ðogte ear
To wedden hiſ two dogtres ðear;[140]
139]
So in MS.
Page 95
140]
read dear
THE DESTRUCTION OF SODOM AND GOMORRAH.
Loth hem warnede, wiſlike and wel, Lot warned his sons-
in-law in vain.
Oc he ne troweden him neuere a del. 1092
On morgen quan day cam hem to, The angels led Lot and
his family out of
Loth and hiſ dogtres two Sodom,
Ledden ðiſ angeles ut in ſel, [Fol. 22.]
And boden hem and tagten wel, 1096 and bade them turn not
back.
ðat here non wente agen,
for non ðhing he migte ſen.
Loth waſ wanſum, and ðugte long Lot thought the way to
the hills hard and
vp to ðo dunes ðe weie hard and ſtrong;1100 strong.
"Louerd," quat he, "gunde under dun, He intreated that he
might dwell in Segor.
mot hic ben borgen in ðat tun!"
ðo angeles ſeiden, "we ſulen it ſren,[141]
ðor quile ðu wilt ðor-inne ben; 1104
Ai waſ borgen bala-ſegor This city was safe
while Lot abode there;
ðor quile ðat loth dwelledde ðor;
Oc ſiðen loth wente ut of hine, when he left it, it was
destroyed.
brende it ðhunder, ſanc it erðe-dine. 1108
Sone ſo loth ut of ſodome cam,
brend-fier-rein ðe burge bi-nam; Sodom was destroyed
by fire,
Hardere wreche ðor waſ cumen
ðan ear was vnder flode numen; 1112
for men ðor ſinne un-kinde deden, for sin and "unkind
deeds."
ſo for-ſanc and brente ðat ſteden;
So bitter-like iſ it for-don,
Ne mai non dain waſſen ðor-on; 1116
So for-ſanc ðat folc ſinful ðor,
ſwilc ſinful ſinne wex ðer nunmor.
Lot's wife turned back,
Ðo lotes wif wente hire a-gon, and "went into a
stone."
Sone ghe ſtod, wente in to a ſton; 1120
read dear
THE DESTRUCTION OF SODOM AND GOMORRAH.
Loth hem warnede, wiſlike and wel, Lot warned his sons-
in-law in vain.
Oc he ne troweden him neuere a del. 1092
On morgen quan day cam hem to, The angels led Lot and
his family out of
Loth and hiſ dogtres two Sodom,
Ledden ðiſ angeles ut in ſel, [Fol. 22.]
And boden hem and tagten wel, 1096 and bade them turn not
back.
ðat here non wente agen,
for non ðhing he migte ſen.
Loth waſ wanſum, and ðugte long Lot thought the way to
the hills hard and
vp to ðo dunes ðe weie hard and ſtrong;1100 strong.
"Louerd," quat he, "gunde under dun, He intreated that he
might dwell in Segor.
mot hic ben borgen in ðat tun!"
ðo angeles ſeiden, "we ſulen it ſren,[141]
ðor quile ðu wilt ðor-inne ben; 1104
Ai waſ borgen bala-ſegor This city was safe
while Lot abode there;
ðor quile ðat loth dwelledde ðor;
Oc ſiðen loth wente ut of hine, when he left it, it was
destroyed.
brende it ðhunder, ſanc it erðe-dine. 1108
Sone ſo loth ut of ſodome cam,
brend-fier-rein ðe burge bi-nam; Sodom was destroyed
by fire,
Hardere wreche ðor waſ cumen
ðan ear was vnder flode numen; 1112
for men ðor ſinne un-kinde deden, for sin and "unkind
deeds."
ſo for-ſanc and brente ðat ſteden;
So bitter-like iſ it for-don,
Ne mai non dain waſſen ðor-on; 1116
So for-ſanc ðat folc ſinful ðor,
ſwilc ſinful ſinne wex ðer nunmor.
Lot's wife turned back,
Ðo lotes wif wente hire a-gon, and "went into a
stone."
Sone ghe ſtod, wente in to a ſton; 1120
Page 96
So iſt nu forwent mirie dale [Fol. 22b.]
Thus is this merry dale
In to dririhed and in to bale, turned into a swarthy
ðe ſwarte flum, ðe dede ſe, lake.
Non fiſ, non fuel ðor-inne mai be. 1124
ðat water iſ ſo deades driuen,
Non ðing ne mai ðor-inne liuen; Nothing may live
therein.
141]
? fren
THE BIRTHS OF AMMON AND MOAB.
Men ſeið ðe treen ðat ðor henden ben
Waxen in time, and brimen, and ðen, 1128 Trees on its banks
produce apples,
Oc quane here apples ripe ben,
fier-iſles man mai ðor-inne ſen; which contain ashes
only.
ðat erd iſ oten ſaltes dale,
Maniman ðor-of holdet litel tale. 1132
Lot soon left Segor.
Loth wuned litel in ſegor,
for he dredde him for to forfare ðor;
Wið hiſe two dowtres ut he teg,
And for dred to ðo dunes he fleg; 1136 For fear he fled to the
hills, and dwelt in a
And ðor he biggede in a caue[n], cave.
ðe waſ ðor in roche grauen.
ðo meidenes herden quilum ſeien, Lot's daughters
thought all mankind
ðat fier ſulde al ðis werld forſweðen, 1140 had perished, and that,
And wenden wel ðat it were cumen, unless they had
And fiereſ wreche on werld numen, children, the world
would come to an end.
And ðat man-kinde wore al for-loren
but of hem ðre wore man boren. 1144
ðis maidenes redden ſone[142] on-on They consulted as to
what was best to be
Quat hem two wore beſt to don, done.
Hu he migten vnder-gon [Fol. 23.]
Here fader, ðat he ne[143] wore ðor gon;1148 They made their father
drunk so that he
Wið wineſ drinc he wenten iſ ðhogt,
Thus is this merry dale
In to dririhed and in to bale, turned into a swarthy
ðe ſwarte flum, ðe dede ſe, lake.
Non fiſ, non fuel ðor-inne mai be. 1124
ðat water iſ ſo deades driuen,
Non ðing ne mai ðor-inne liuen; Nothing may live
therein.
141]
? fren
THE BIRTHS OF AMMON AND MOAB.
Men ſeið ðe treen ðat ðor henden ben
Waxen in time, and brimen, and ðen, 1128 Trees on its banks
produce apples,
Oc quane here apples ripe ben,
fier-iſles man mai ðor-inne ſen; which contain ashes
only.
ðat erd iſ oten ſaltes dale,
Maniman ðor-of holdet litel tale. 1132
Lot soon left Segor.
Loth wuned litel in ſegor,
for he dredde him for to forfare ðor;
Wið hiſe two dowtres ut he teg,
And for dred to ðo dunes he fleg; 1136 For fear he fled to the
hills, and dwelt in a
And ðor he biggede in a caue[n], cave.
ðe waſ ðor in roche grauen.
ðo meidenes herden quilum ſeien, Lot's daughters
thought all mankind
ðat fier ſulde al ðis werld forſweðen, 1140 had perished, and that,
And wenden wel ðat it were cumen, unless they had
And fiereſ wreche on werld numen, children, the world
would come to an end.
And ðat man-kinde wore al for-loren
but of hem ðre wore man boren. 1144
ðis maidenes redden ſone[142] on-on They consulted as to
what was best to be
Quat hem two wore beſt to don, done.
Hu he migten vnder-gon [Fol. 23.]
Here fader, ðat he ne[143] wore ðor gon;1148 They made their father
drunk so that he
Wið wineſ drinc he wenten iſ ðhogt,
Page 97
So ðat he haueð ðe dede wrogt, wrought the deed, and
each begot a child.
And on eiðer here a knaue bi-geten,
ðiſ ne mai nogt ben for-geten. 1152
ðiſ maidenes deden it in god dhogt,[144]
ðe fader oc drunken ne wiſte he it nogt.
ðe firſte him bar moab ðat ſune, The first bore Moab,
the other Ammon.
Of him beð folc, [in] moab it wune; 1156
ðe leſſe him bar a ſune amon,
Amonit folces fader on.
Now turn we to
NV bi-oueð uſ to wenden a-gen, Abraham.
And of abraham ſong under-gon. 1160
Abraham up on morgen ſtod, On the morrow he
looked toward Sodom,
Wið reuli lote and frigti mod;
142]
MS. ſono.
143]
MS. hene.
144]
read ðogt.
ABRAHAM DWELLS IN GERAR.
To-ward ſodome he ſag ðe roke and saw that the city
had been destroyed.
And ðe brinfires ſtinken[145] ſmoke, 1164
And wente a-wei fro mambre dale, For sorrow he left
Mamre's dale
So ſore him reu of ðat bale.
Suðen he wente & wunede in geraris, and went and abode in
1168 Gerar.
bi-twen cade and vr, y-wis;
ðor he ſeide eft, for luue of lif, There he said Sarah
was his sister.
ðat ſiſter wore ſarra his wif.
Quilum of[146] er [147]pharraon hire toc,
Nu takeð abimalech hire oc; 1172
each begot a child.
And on eiðer here a knaue bi-geten,
ðiſ ne mai nogt ben for-geten. 1152
ðiſ maidenes deden it in god dhogt,[144]
ðe fader oc drunken ne wiſte he it nogt.
ðe firſte him bar moab ðat ſune, The first bore Moab,
the other Ammon.
Of him beð folc, [in] moab it wune; 1156
ðe leſſe him bar a ſune amon,
Amonit folces fader on.
Now turn we to
NV bi-oueð uſ to wenden a-gen, Abraham.
And of abraham ſong under-gon. 1160
Abraham up on morgen ſtod, On the morrow he
looked toward Sodom,
Wið reuli lote and frigti mod;
142]
MS. ſono.
143]
MS. hene.
144]
read ðogt.
ABRAHAM DWELLS IN GERAR.
To-ward ſodome he ſag ðe roke and saw that the city
had been destroyed.
And ðe brinfires ſtinken[145] ſmoke, 1164
And wente a-wei fro mambre dale, For sorrow he left
Mamre's dale
So ſore him reu of ðat bale.
Suðen he wente & wunede in geraris, and went and abode in
1168 Gerar.
bi-twen cade and vr, y-wis;
ðor he ſeide eft, for luue of lif, There he said Sarah
was his sister.
ðat ſiſter wore ſarra his wif.
Quilum of[146] er [147]pharraon hire toc,
Nu takeð abimalech hire oc; 1172
Page 98
Sene it was ðat ghe waſ fair wif, [Fol. 23b.]
Abimelech took her to
Quan ghe waſ luued in ſo long lif. wife.
Abimalech wurð ſek on-on,
And oðer wreche iſ folc cam on; 1176 Sickness fell on him
and on his folk.
Nogt wif-kinnes non birðe ne nam,
ðor quiles he ðor wið-helð ſaram.
On dreme him cam tiding for-quat
He ðrowede and ðolede un-timing ðat; 1180 The cause of this evil
was made known to
Al it waſ for abraham-iſ wif, him in a dream.
ðat he hire held ðor wið ſtrif;
ðo bi-ðhogte him ful wel,
And ſente after abraham ðat ilc ſel, 1184
And bi-tagte him hiſ wif a-non, He sent back Sarah,
And hiſ yuel ſort[148] waſ ouer-gon.
His wif and oðere birðe beren, his wife and others
bore children, and the
ða ðe ſwinacie gan him nunmor deren. 1188 quinsy no more
Abimalech gaf abraham troubled him.
Gold, and ſiluer, and lond for-ðan;
A ðhuſant plates of ſiluer god Plates of silver he
1192 gave to Sarah.
Gaf he ſarra ðat faire blod,
Bad hire ðor hir wið[149] heuod ben hid,
for ſwilc timing was hire bi-tid.
Ðo wulde god bi-ſewen ſo
of olde abraham and o ſarra ſo. 1196
Ghe wurd wið child, on elde wac,
And trimede and cleped it yſaac. The birth of Isaac.
145]
for ſtinkende
146]
read aſ?
147]
MS. w
Abimelech took her to
Quan ghe waſ luued in ſo long lif. wife.
Abimalech wurð ſek on-on,
And oðer wreche iſ folc cam on; 1176 Sickness fell on him
and on his folk.
Nogt wif-kinnes non birðe ne nam,
ðor quiles he ðor wið-helð ſaram.
On dreme him cam tiding for-quat
He ðrowede and ðolede un-timing ðat; 1180 The cause of this evil
was made known to
Al it waſ for abraham-iſ wif, him in a dream.
ðat he hire held ðor wið ſtrif;
ðo bi-ðhogte him ful wel,
And ſente after abraham ðat ilc ſel, 1184
And bi-tagte him hiſ wif a-non, He sent back Sarah,
And hiſ yuel ſort[148] waſ ouer-gon.
His wif and oðere birðe beren, his wife and others
bore children, and the
ða ðe ſwinacie gan him nunmor deren. 1188 quinsy no more
Abimalech gaf abraham troubled him.
Gold, and ſiluer, and lond for-ðan;
A ðhuſant plates of ſiluer god Plates of silver he
1192 gave to Sarah.
Gaf he ſarra ðat faire blod,
Bad hire ðor hir wið[149] heuod ben hid,
for ſwilc timing was hire bi-tid.
Ðo wulde god bi-ſewen ſo
of olde abraham and o ſarra ſo. 1196
Ghe wurd wið child, on elde wac,
And trimede and cleped it yſaac. The birth of Isaac.
145]
for ſtinkende
146]
read aſ?
147]
MS. w
Page 99
148]
fort in MS.
149]
read ðor wið hir
THE BANISHMENT OF HAGAR AND ISHMAEL.
ðe egtende dai ðat he waſ boren, [Fol. 24.]
Circumciſed he waſ, a-buten ſchoren; 1200 He was circumcised on
the eighth day,
ðor-of holden ðe ieuwes lay,
Circumciſed on ðe egtende day.
Arabit folc of yſmael,
After him don he it al ſwilk ſel, 1204 which custom the Jews
follow.
Quane he .xiii. ger ben old;
Of yſmael here time iſ told.
When Isaac was three
Ðre ger woren yſaac on, years old Abraham
made a great feast.
Quane he waſ fro teding don; 1208
Michel geſtninge made abraham
Quane he ðat ſune to borde nam.
Wintres forð-wexen on yſaac,
And yſmael waſ him vn-ſwac; 1212 Ishmael often mocked
Isaac,
Of-ten it gan yſaac un-framen,
And yſmael pleide hard gamen;
Sarra waſ ðor-fore often wroð, which caused Sarah to
1216 be very wroth.
Hir waſ yſmaeles anger loð;
Ghe bi-mente hire to abraham, She complains to
Abraham.
And ſumdel ligtlike he it nam
Til god him bad iſ wiues tale
Liſten, and don a-wei ðat dwale. 1220
Abraham rapede him ſone in ſped
for to fulfillen godeſ reed;
He flemede agar and yſmael Abraham banishes
1224 Hagar and her son.
In ſumertid, In egeſt ſel;
Bred, and a fetles wið water fild, [Fol. 24b.]
Bar agar wið hire and wið ðe child;
fort in MS.
149]
read ðor wið hir
THE BANISHMENT OF HAGAR AND ISHMAEL.
ðe egtende dai ðat he waſ boren, [Fol. 24.]
Circumciſed he waſ, a-buten ſchoren; 1200 He was circumcised on
the eighth day,
ðor-of holden ðe ieuwes lay,
Circumciſed on ðe egtende day.
Arabit folc of yſmael,
After him don he it al ſwilk ſel, 1204 which custom the Jews
follow.
Quane he .xiii. ger ben old;
Of yſmael here time iſ told.
When Isaac was three
Ðre ger woren yſaac on, years old Abraham
made a great feast.
Quane he waſ fro teding don; 1208
Michel geſtninge made abraham
Quane he ðat ſune to borde nam.
Wintres forð-wexen on yſaac,
And yſmael waſ him vn-ſwac; 1212 Ishmael often mocked
Isaac,
Of-ten it gan yſaac un-framen,
And yſmael pleide hard gamen;
Sarra waſ ðor-fore often wroð, which caused Sarah to
1216 be very wroth.
Hir waſ yſmaeles anger loð;
Ghe bi-mente hire to abraham, She complains to
Abraham.
And ſumdel ligtlike he it nam
Til god him bad iſ wiues tale
Liſten, and don a-wei ðat dwale. 1220
Abraham rapede him ſone in ſped
for to fulfillen godeſ reed;
He flemede agar and yſmael Abraham banishes
1224 Hagar and her son.
In ſumertid, In egeſt ſel;
Bred, and a fetles wið water fild, [Fol. 24b.]
Bar agar wið hire and wið ðe child;
Page 100
Bi ðe deſert a-wei che nam, By the desert they took
1228 their way.
In ard weie and hete gram;
Wið ſwinc and hete hem wexon ðriſt,
ðe water ſleckede ðe childeſ liſt; They became very
thirsty.
Tid-like hem gan ðat water laken,
ðo gan agareſ ſorwe waken; 1232 The water in the bottle
became spent.
Wantede ðit child faierneſſe and migt,
Hiſ moder wurð neg dead for frigt.
ABIMELECH COVENANTS WITH ABRAHAM,
Ghe leide ðe child under a tre, Hagar placed her child
1236 under a tree,
fer ðeðen ghe gede, ſo it gan be,
ðe child ne mai ghe for ſorge ſen;
Bi al-ſo fer ſo a boge mai ten,
ðor ſat hiſ moder in ſik and ſor, and sat as far as a
bow-shot off.
wende ghe it coueren neuere mor. 1240 She thought it could
not recover.
Goddeſ merci dede hire reed,
An angel meðede hire ðat ned, An angel showed her a
well-spring,
Tagte hire ðor a welle ſpring,
ðat waſ hire ðor ſeli timing; 1244
ðor ghe gan fremen yſmael and she gave the lad
drink and bread.
Wið watreſ drinc and bredeſ mel,
filt hire feteleſ, and nam fro ðan Forth they went and
1248 dwelt in Paran.
forð to ðe deſert of [150]pharan;
ðor wunede yſmael and agar. Ishmael married an
Egyptian woman.
Ghe cheſ him a wif ðe childre bar;
.xii. ſuneſ he auede bi hiſ wif, [Fol. 25.]
1252 Twelve sons he had, of
Of him cam kinde mikil and rif. whom sprang great
Nabachot waſ hiſ firſt ſune, nations.
In arabie hiſ kinde wune In Arabia they dwelt.
fro ðe riche flod eufrate,
Wid and fer to ðe rede ſe; 1256
Of hiſ oðer ſune cedar, Kedar gave name to a
kingdom.
A ku[n]griche hiſ name bar;
And of duma hiſ ſexte ſune, From Dumah came the
kingdom of Dirima.
1228 their way.
In ard weie and hete gram;
Wið ſwinc and hete hem wexon ðriſt,
ðe water ſleckede ðe childeſ liſt; They became very
thirsty.
Tid-like hem gan ðat water laken,
ðo gan agareſ ſorwe waken; 1232 The water in the bottle
became spent.
Wantede ðit child faierneſſe and migt,
Hiſ moder wurð neg dead for frigt.
ABIMELECH COVENANTS WITH ABRAHAM,
Ghe leide ðe child under a tre, Hagar placed her child
1236 under a tree,
fer ðeðen ghe gede, ſo it gan be,
ðe child ne mai ghe for ſorge ſen;
Bi al-ſo fer ſo a boge mai ten,
ðor ſat hiſ moder in ſik and ſor, and sat as far as a
bow-shot off.
wende ghe it coueren neuere mor. 1240 She thought it could
not recover.
Goddeſ merci dede hire reed,
An angel meðede hire ðat ned, An angel showed her a
well-spring,
Tagte hire ðor a welle ſpring,
ðat waſ hire ðor ſeli timing; 1244
ðor ghe gan fremen yſmael and she gave the lad
drink and bread.
Wið watreſ drinc and bredeſ mel,
filt hire feteleſ, and nam fro ðan Forth they went and
1248 dwelt in Paran.
forð to ðe deſert of [150]pharan;
ðor wunede yſmael and agar. Ishmael married an
Egyptian woman.
Ghe cheſ him a wif ðe childre bar;
.xii. ſuneſ he auede bi hiſ wif, [Fol. 25.]
1252 Twelve sons he had, of
Of him cam kinde mikil and rif. whom sprang great
Nabachot waſ hiſ firſt ſune, nations.
In arabie hiſ kinde wune In Arabia they dwelt.
fro ðe riche flod eufrate,
Wid and fer to ðe rede ſe; 1256
Of hiſ oðer ſune cedar, Kedar gave name to a
kingdom.
A ku[n]griche hiſ name bar;
And of duma hiſ ſexte ſune, From Dumah came the
kingdom of Dirima.
Page 101
A ku[n]gdom dirima ðu mune; 1260
Hiſ .ix. waſ tema for-ðan,
Iſ ðor a ku[n]glond teman; Teman gets its name
from Tema.
And .xii. of ðe cedima,
1264
Het a guglond[151] eſten fro ða.
Flemd waſ agar and yſmael,
and yſaac wex and ðehg wol wel.
Abimalech ſag abraham, Abimelech makes a
1268 covenant with
Hu welðe him wex and migte cam, Abraham,
He bad him maken ſiker pligt
Of luue and trewðe, in frendeſ rigt,
150]
w MS.
151]
read kunglond
AND GIVES HIM THE WELL OF BEERSHEBA.
ðat ne ſulde him nogwer deren,
Oc him and hiſe helpen and weren; 1272
He gaf him a welle and a lond fre, and gives him the well
of Beersheba.
Abraham it clepede berſabe;
ðor ben he boðen feren pligt
ðat here neiðer ſal don oðer un-rigt. 1276
Abraham gan ðor longe ben, [Fol. 25b.]
And tillede corn and ſette treen,
ðog [it] waſ nogt iſ kinde lond; Abraham left the land
1280 much richer than he
Richere he it leet ðan he it fond. found it.
Iff ioſephus ne legeð me,
ðor quiles he wunede in berſabe,
ſo waſ yſaaceſ eld told When Isaac was
1284 twenty-five years old,
xx. and fiwe winter old;
Hiſ .ix. waſ tema for-ðan,
Iſ ðor a ku[n]glond teman; Teman gets its name
from Tema.
And .xii. of ðe cedima,
1264
Het a guglond[151] eſten fro ða.
Flemd waſ agar and yſmael,
and yſaac wex and ðehg wol wel.
Abimalech ſag abraham, Abimelech makes a
1268 covenant with
Hu welðe him wex and migte cam, Abraham,
He bad him maken ſiker pligt
Of luue and trewðe, in frendeſ rigt,
150]
w MS.
151]
read kunglond
AND GIVES HIM THE WELL OF BEERSHEBA.
ðat ne ſulde him nogwer deren,
Oc him and hiſe helpen and weren; 1272
He gaf him a welle and a lond fre, and gives him the well
of Beersheba.
Abraham it clepede berſabe;
ðor ben he boðen feren pligt
ðat here neiðer ſal don oðer un-rigt. 1276
Abraham gan ðor longe ben, [Fol. 25b.]
And tillede corn and ſette treen,
ðog [it] waſ nogt iſ kinde lond; Abraham left the land
1280 much richer than he
Richere he it leet ðan he it fond. found it.
Iff ioſephus ne legeð me,
ðor quiles he wunede in berſabe,
ſo waſ yſaaceſ eld told When Isaac was
1284 twenty-five years old,
xx. and fiwe winter old;
Page 102
ðo herde abraham ſteuene fro gode, God's word came to
Abraham,—
Newe tiding, and ſelkuð bode:—
"Tac ðin ſune yſaac in hond, "Take Isaac thy son,
And far wið him to ſiðhingeſ lond, 1288
And ðor ðu ſalt him offren me and offer him on a hill
that I shall show thee."
On an hil ðor ic ſal taunen ðe."
fro berſabe iurneſ two
1292
Waſ ðat lond ðat he bed him two;[152]
And morie, men ſeið, waſ ðat hil, Moriah that hill was
called.
ðat god him tawne[de] in his wil;
Men ſeið ðat dune-iſ ſiðen on Upon this hill was
1296 afterwards built
Was mad temple ſalamon, Solomon's temple.
And ðe auter mad on ðat ſtede
ðor abraham he[153] offrande dede.
Abraham waſ buxum o rigt, Abraham was obedient
1300 to God's commands.
Hiſe weie he tok ſone bi nigt;
ðe ðrid[d]e day he ſagt ðe ſtede
ðe god him witen in herte dede;
ðan he cam dun to ðo duneſ fot, [Fol. 26.]
1304 He came to the hill and
Non of hiſ men forðere ne mot, sent his servants away.
But yſaac iſ dere childe,
He bar ðe wude wið herte mild, Isaac bare the wood,
152]
read to
153]
read ðe
THE OFFERING OF ISAAC.
And abraham ðe fier and ðe ſwerd bar; and Abraham the fire
1308 and the sword.
ðo wurð ðe child witter and war
ðat ðor ſal offrende ben don,
Oc ne wiſte he quuat, ne quor-on;
"fader," quað he, "quar ſal ben taken "Where," quoth Isaac,
1312 "is the offering that
ðe offrende ðat ðu wilt maken?"
Abraham,—
Newe tiding, and ſelkuð bode:—
"Tac ðin ſune yſaac in hond, "Take Isaac thy son,
And far wið him to ſiðhingeſ lond, 1288
And ðor ðu ſalt him offren me and offer him on a hill
that I shall show thee."
On an hil ðor ic ſal taunen ðe."
fro berſabe iurneſ two
1292
Waſ ðat lond ðat he bed him two;[152]
And morie, men ſeið, waſ ðat hil, Moriah that hill was
called.
ðat god him tawne[de] in his wil;
Men ſeið ðat dune-iſ ſiðen on Upon this hill was
1296 afterwards built
Was mad temple ſalamon, Solomon's temple.
And ðe auter mad on ðat ſtede
ðor abraham he[153] offrande dede.
Abraham waſ buxum o rigt, Abraham was obedient
1300 to God's commands.
Hiſe weie he tok ſone bi nigt;
ðe ðrid[d]e day he ſagt ðe ſtede
ðe god him witen in herte dede;
ðan he cam dun to ðo duneſ fot, [Fol. 26.]
1304 He came to the hill and
Non of hiſ men forðere ne mot, sent his servants away.
But yſaac iſ dere childe,
He bar ðe wude wið herte mild, Isaac bare the wood,
152]
read to
153]
read ðe
THE OFFERING OF ISAAC.
And abraham ðe fier and ðe ſwerd bar; and Abraham the fire
1308 and the sword.
ðo wurð ðe child witter and war
ðat ðor ſal offrende ben don,
Oc ne wiſte he quuat, ne quor-on;
"fader," quað he, "quar ſal ben taken "Where," quoth Isaac,
1312 "is the offering that
ðe offrende ðat ðu wilt maken?"
Page 103
thou wilt make?"
Quat abraham, "god ſal bi-ſen Quoth Abraham, "God
will provide the
Quor-of ðe ofrende ſal ben; offering.
In a wonderful manner
Sellik ðu art on wer[l]de cumen, thou camest into the
world, and so shalt
Sellic ðu ſalt ben heðen numen; 1316 thou depart hence.
Wið-uten long ðhrowing and figt,
God wile ðe taken of werlde nigt,
And of ðe seluen holocaustum hauen, God requires thee as
an offering."
ðanc it him ðat he it wulde crauen." 1320
Yſaac waſ redi mildelike, Isaac was ready to be
sacrificed.
Quan ðat he it wiſte witterlike.
Oc abraham it wulde wel
1324
quat-ſo god bad, ðwerted he it neuer a del;
Yſaac waſ leid ðat auter on, Isaac was placed upon
the altar.
So men ſulden holocauſt don;
And abraham ðat ſwerd ut-drog, Abraham drew out his
1328 sword to slay his son,
And waſ redi to ſlon him nuge,[154] but an angel forbad
him to harm the child.
Oc angel it him for-bed, [Fol. 26b.]
And barg ðe child fro ðe dead;
ðo wurð abraham frigti fagen,
for yſaac bi-leaf un-ſlagen; 1332
Bi-aften bak, aſ he nam kep,
faſte in ðornes he ſag a ſep, A ram is offered
instead of Isaac.
ðat an angel ðor-inne dede;
It waſ brent on yſaac ſtede. 1336
And, or abraham ðeðen for, Ere Abraham departed
God swore to him that
God him ðor bi him-ſeluen ſwor his seed should inherit
ðat he ſal michil hiſ kinde maken, the land.
And ðat lond hem to honde taken; 1340
Good ſelðhe ſal him cumen on,
for he ðiſ dede wulde don.
154]
read nog?
Quat abraham, "god ſal bi-ſen Quoth Abraham, "God
will provide the
Quor-of ðe ofrende ſal ben; offering.
In a wonderful manner
Sellik ðu art on wer[l]de cumen, thou camest into the
world, and so shalt
Sellic ðu ſalt ben heðen numen; 1316 thou depart hence.
Wið-uten long ðhrowing and figt,
God wile ðe taken of werlde nigt,
And of ðe seluen holocaustum hauen, God requires thee as
an offering."
ðanc it him ðat he it wulde crauen." 1320
Yſaac waſ redi mildelike, Isaac was ready to be
sacrificed.
Quan ðat he it wiſte witterlike.
Oc abraham it wulde wel
1324
quat-ſo god bad, ðwerted he it neuer a del;
Yſaac waſ leid ðat auter on, Isaac was placed upon
the altar.
So men ſulden holocauſt don;
And abraham ðat ſwerd ut-drog, Abraham drew out his
1328 sword to slay his son,
And waſ redi to ſlon him nuge,[154] but an angel forbad
him to harm the child.
Oc angel it him for-bed, [Fol. 26b.]
And barg ðe child fro ðe dead;
ðo wurð abraham frigti fagen,
for yſaac bi-leaf un-ſlagen; 1332
Bi-aften bak, aſ he nam kep,
faſte in ðornes he ſag a ſep, A ram is offered
instead of Isaac.
ðat an angel ðor-inne dede;
It waſ brent on yſaac ſtede. 1336
And, or abraham ðeðen for, Ere Abraham departed
God swore to him that
God him ðor bi him-ſeluen ſwor his seed should inherit
ðat he ſal michil hiſ kinde maken, the land.
And ðat lond hem to honde taken; 1340
Good ſelðhe ſal him cumen on,
for he ðiſ dede wulde don.
154]
read nog?
Page 104
ELIEZER IS SENT TO MESOPOTAMIA.
He wente bliðe and fagen agen, Abraham went home
1344 joyful and glad.
To berſabe he gunne teen,
Sarra waſ fagen in kindes wune,
ðat [hire][155] bilef ðat dere ſune.
While at Beersheba he
Ðor quiles abraham wunede ðor, heard good tidings of
Nahor.
Him cam good tiding of nachor, 1348
ðat melca bar him egte ſunen;
Huſ waſ eldeſt, if we rigt munen. Huz was Nahor's first-
born.
Rigt-wiſ iob cam of hiſ kin, Job came of his kin.
1352
Hus lond he waſ riche wid-hin;[156]
Of Buz came the
Of[157] buz, hiſ broðeres kin, cam Buzites, Eliv and
Buzites, Eliv, Balaam. Balaam.
[Fol. 27.]
Abraham, riche of welðe and wale, Abraham went again to
Mamre.
wente a-gen in to manbre dale; 1356
Sarra ðo ſtarf, an hundred ger old Sarah died being 127
years old.
And ſeuene and .xx. winter told.
Abraham sent Eliezer
Abraham ſente eliezer to Mesopotamia,
to lond meſopotanie fer, 1360
To caram ðor iſ fader lay,
(Or he cam ðor waſ manie day)
To fechen yſaac hom a wif, to fetch a wife for
1364 Isaac.
Of hiſ kinde ðe ðor waſ in lif.
Ten camels he took
Ten kameles ſemeð[158] forð he nam, with him.
Wið michel ſwinc he ðider cam Eliezer came to a well
without the city.
At a welle wið-uten ðe tun;
ðor he leide hiſe ſemes dun, 1368
ðor he wulde him reſten and ben, He there prayed to God
to send him good
Sum good tiding heren or ſen. speed.
"Louerd god," quað he mildelike,
"min erdne ðu forðe ſelðhelike, 1372
ðiſ dai me lene hire to ſen,
He wente bliðe and fagen agen, Abraham went home
1344 joyful and glad.
To berſabe he gunne teen,
Sarra waſ fagen in kindes wune,
ðat [hire][155] bilef ðat dere ſune.
While at Beersheba he
Ðor quiles abraham wunede ðor, heard good tidings of
Nahor.
Him cam good tiding of nachor, 1348
ðat melca bar him egte ſunen;
Huſ waſ eldeſt, if we rigt munen. Huz was Nahor's first-
born.
Rigt-wiſ iob cam of hiſ kin, Job came of his kin.
1352
Hus lond he waſ riche wid-hin;[156]
Of Buz came the
Of[157] buz, hiſ broðeres kin, cam Buzites, Eliv and
Buzites, Eliv, Balaam. Balaam.
[Fol. 27.]
Abraham, riche of welðe and wale, Abraham went again to
Mamre.
wente a-gen in to manbre dale; 1356
Sarra ðo ſtarf, an hundred ger old Sarah died being 127
years old.
And ſeuene and .xx. winter told.
Abraham sent Eliezer
Abraham ſente eliezer to Mesopotamia,
to lond meſopotanie fer, 1360
To caram ðor iſ fader lay,
(Or he cam ðor waſ manie day)
To fechen yſaac hom a wif, to fetch a wife for
1364 Isaac.
Of hiſ kinde ðe ðor waſ in lif.
Ten camels he took
Ten kameles ſemeð[158] forð he nam, with him.
Wið michel ſwinc he ðider cam Eliezer came to a well
without the city.
At a welle wið-uten ðe tun;
ðor he leide hiſe ſemes dun, 1368
ðor he wulde him reſten and ben, He there prayed to God
to send him good
Sum good tiding heren or ſen. speed.
"Louerd god," quað he mildelike,
"min erdne ðu forðe ſelðhelike, 1372
ðiſ dai me lene hire to ſen,
Page 105
ðat ſal yſaaces leman ben."
He offered his prayer
He bad hiſe bede on good ſel. in a good time.
Rebecca, bi-geten of batuel, 1376
155]
MS. hire is written over in the later hand.
156]
read wið-hin
157]
MS. "Ob."
158]
read ſemede?
ELIEZER MEETS WITH REBEKAH.
Of nachor bi-geten, of melca boren, Rebekah came to that
well,
Cam to ðat welle ðor him bi-foren,
And him and ilc-on his kamel and she gave him and
his camel water to
Wið watres drinc ghe quemede wel. 1380 drink.
Oðere maidenes wið hire cumen, [Fol. 27b.]
Ne wor nogt ſo forð ðeuwe numen.
Eliezer lerede ðor Eliezer learned that
1384 she was of the family
ðat batuel cam of nachor; of Nahor.
Of batuel ðis maiden cam
ghe waſ forð nifte of abraham;
ðogte he, ðiſ maiden wile ic hauen Thought he, this
1388 maiden will I have as a
And to min louerdes bofte bi-crauen;[159] wife for Isaac.
for kindes luue he waſ hire hold,
Wið beges and ringes boðen of gold, He gave her ear-rings
and bracelets of gold.
Aſkede here if ghe migte taken
1392
He offered his prayer
He bad hiſe bede on good ſel. in a good time.
Rebecca, bi-geten of batuel, 1376
155]
MS. hire is written over in the later hand.
156]
read wið-hin
157]
MS. "Ob."
158]
read ſemede?
ELIEZER MEETS WITH REBEKAH.
Of nachor bi-geten, of melca boren, Rebekah came to that
well,
Cam to ðat welle ðor him bi-foren,
And him and ilc-on his kamel and she gave him and
his camel water to
Wið watres drinc ghe quemede wel. 1380 drink.
Oðere maidenes wið hire cumen, [Fol. 27b.]
Ne wor nogt ſo forð ðeuwe numen.
Eliezer lerede ðor Eliezer learned that
1384 she was of the family
ðat batuel cam of nachor; of Nahor.
Of batuel ðis maiden cam
ghe waſ forð nifte of abraham;
ðogte he, ðiſ maiden wile ic hauen Thought he, this
1388 maiden will I have as a
And to min louerdes bofte bi-crauen;[159] wife for Isaac.
for kindes luue he waſ hire hold,
Wið beges and ringes boðen of gold, He gave her ear-rings
and bracelets of gold.
Aſkede here if ghe migte taken
1392
Page 106
Herberge for hire frendes ſake[n].
Maiden rebecca ðanne ran,
And kiddit to hire broðer laban,
And laban cam to ðat welle ner, Laban came to the
1396 well, invited him
faiger welcumede he ðer eliezer, home, and entertained
And[160] fond good grið and good hostel, him well.
Him, and hiſe men, and hiſe kamel.
Eliezer, or he wulde eten, Eliezer would not eat
till he had told his
Wulde he nogt hiſe erdene for-geten; 1400 errand;
Al he tolde hem fro queðen he cam,
And for quat erdene he ðider nam;
Tolde hem tiding of abraham,
Quilc ſelðe and welðhe him wel bi-cam,1404
Sent he waſ ðider, for kinde wune, how he had been sent
by Abraham to seek a
After a wif to yſaac hiſ ſune. wife for Isaac.
ſeide he, "rebecca wile ic hauen, [Fol. 28.]
To yſac-iſ bi-ofte wile ic crauen. 1408
Laban and hiſ moder wið-ðan Laban and the mother
were well pleased with
fagneden wel ðiſ ſondere man; the messenger.
159]
read bi-ofte crauen? v. l. 1408.
160]
Anð MS.
ISAAC TAKES REBEKAH TO WIFE.
(Quan god haueð it ſo bi-ſen,
Alſe he ſendet, alſ it ſal ben.) 1412
Wið gold, and ſiluer, and wið ſrud, With gold and silver
and raiment Eliezer
ðiſ ſonde made ðe mayden prud; made the maiden
proud.
Gifts also he gave to
ðe broðer and de[161] moder oc the brother and mother.
1416
Maiden rebecca ðanne ran,
And kiddit to hire broðer laban,
And laban cam to ðat welle ner, Laban came to the
1396 well, invited him
faiger welcumede he ðer eliezer, home, and entertained
And[160] fond good grið and good hostel, him well.
Him, and hiſe men, and hiſe kamel.
Eliezer, or he wulde eten, Eliezer would not eat
till he had told his
Wulde he nogt hiſe erdene for-geten; 1400 errand;
Al he tolde hem fro queðen he cam,
And for quat erdene he ðider nam;
Tolde hem tiding of abraham,
Quilc ſelðe and welðhe him wel bi-cam,1404
Sent he waſ ðider, for kinde wune, how he had been sent
by Abraham to seek a
After a wif to yſaac hiſ ſune. wife for Isaac.
ſeide he, "rebecca wile ic hauen, [Fol. 28.]
To yſac-iſ bi-ofte wile ic crauen. 1408
Laban and hiſ moder wið-ðan Laban and the mother
were well pleased with
fagneden wel ðiſ ſondere man; the messenger.
159]
read bi-ofte crauen? v. l. 1408.
160]
Anð MS.
ISAAC TAKES REBEKAH TO WIFE.
(Quan god haueð it ſo bi-ſen,
Alſe he ſendet, alſ it ſal ben.) 1412
Wið gold, and ſiluer, and wið ſrud, With gold and silver
and raiment Eliezer
ðiſ ſonde made ðe mayden prud; made the maiden
proud.
Gifts also he gave to
ðe broðer and de[161] moder oc the brother and mother.
1416
Page 107
Riche gifteſ eliezer ðe[162] toc.
Sone o-morwen he gan him garen,
And crauede hiſ erdene, and wolde hom faren, No longer than one
night would he delay
for ſcrið, ne mede, ne wold he ðor his errand.
Ouer on nigt drechen nunmor; 1420
And ðo gan ðat moder and laban
Rebecca freinen ðor for-ðan, Rebekah's consent was
first asked and
And ghe it grantede mildelike, obtained.
And he hire bi-tagten bliðelike. 1424
Siðen men hauen holden ſkil, For this reason men
ask the woman's will
firſt to freinen ðe wimmaneſ wil, before she is given in
Or or men hire to louerd giue, marriage.
for wedding or for morgen-giwe. 1428
Eliezer iſ went hiſ wei Eliezer takes his
departure, wishing all
And haueð hem boden godun dai. a good day.
Or he wel homward cumen was,
Yſaac waſ cume to geraſis, 1432
And wunede ðor in ðogt and care, [Fol. 28b.]
Isaac mourned for the
for moderes dead and ſondes fare. death of his mother.
In a weie an time he cam,
And to a welle, ſigande, he nam, 1436
ðohgteful he waſ on felde gon;
Eliezer him cam a-gon,
Eððede hiſ ſorge, brogt him a wif Eliezer brought him a
wife by whom he was
Of faiger waspene,[163] of clene lif. 1440
comforted.
He fagnede hire wið milde mod,
Here ſameni[n]g was clene and god;
He luuede hire on-like and wel, Isaac loved Rebekah
well, and she never
And ſge ne bi-ſpac him neuere a del. 1444 contradicted him.
161]
read ðe
162]
read ðo?
Sone o-morwen he gan him garen,
And crauede hiſ erdene, and wolde hom faren, No longer than one
night would he delay
for ſcrið, ne mede, ne wold he ðor his errand.
Ouer on nigt drechen nunmor; 1420
And ðo gan ðat moder and laban
Rebecca freinen ðor for-ðan, Rebekah's consent was
first asked and
And ghe it grantede mildelike, obtained.
And he hire bi-tagten bliðelike. 1424
Siðen men hauen holden ſkil, For this reason men
ask the woman's will
firſt to freinen ðe wimmaneſ wil, before she is given in
Or or men hire to louerd giue, marriage.
for wedding or for morgen-giwe. 1428
Eliezer iſ went hiſ wei Eliezer takes his
departure, wishing all
And haueð hem boden godun dai. a good day.
Or he wel homward cumen was,
Yſaac waſ cume to geraſis, 1432
And wunede ðor in ðogt and care, [Fol. 28b.]
Isaac mourned for the
for moderes dead and ſondes fare. death of his mother.
In a weie an time he cam,
And to a welle, ſigande, he nam, 1436
ðohgteful he waſ on felde gon;
Eliezer him cam a-gon,
Eððede hiſ ſorge, brogt him a wif Eliezer brought him a
wife by whom he was
Of faiger waspene,[163] of clene lif. 1440
comforted.
He fagnede hire wið milde mod,
Here ſameni[n]g was clene and god;
He luuede hire on-like and wel, Isaac loved Rebekah
well, and she never
And ſge ne bi-ſpac him neuere a del. 1444 contradicted him.
161]
read ðe
162]
read ðo?
Page 108
163]
An error for wasteme.
THE BIRTH OF ESAU AND JACOB.
Men say that Abraham
Get men seyn[164] ðat abraham, called Hagar Keturah.
ſiðen calde agar ceturam,
And ſge bar him ſiðen ſex ſunen; She bore him seven
sons.
Abraham dede hem ſiðen ſundri wunen;1448
fer eſt fro cratonidé,
Weren he ſpred to ðe rede se.
Yſaac he let al hiſ god,
for he waſ bi-geten of kinde blod. 1452
Abraham died at the
An hundred ger hold and ſeuenti age of 175.
And .v. he waſ leid ſarram bi.
boðen yſaac and yſmael
Him bi-ſtoden wurlike and wel. 1456
On hundred ger and .xxxvij. Ishmael was 137 years
old when he died.
Liuede yſmael and waſ ðor bi.
[Fol. 29.]
Yſaac waſ hold .xl. ger Isaac was forty years
old when he took
Quanne rebecca cam him ner; 1460 Rebekah to wife.
Longe it waſ or ghe him child bar,
And he bad god, quanne he it wurð war, Isaac intreated the
Lord for his wife, who
ðat he ſulde fillen ðat quede was barren.
ðat he[165] abraham quilum dede. 1464
ðo wurð rebecca childre bere,
ðat ghe felte ful time in gere; Rebekah conceived.
At on burdene ghe under-stod
two ðe weren hire ſibbe blod; 1468
Alſe ðhute hire day and nigt,
The children struggled
Alſe he wrogten and[166] figt, together within her.
Queðer here ſulde birðen bi-foren.
Oc eſau waſ firmeſt boren, 1472 Esau was the first
born, and Jacob was
And iacob ſone after, ic wot, born soon after.
for ðat he heldim bi ðe fot.
An error for wasteme.
THE BIRTH OF ESAU AND JACOB.
Men say that Abraham
Get men seyn[164] ðat abraham, called Hagar Keturah.
ſiðen calde agar ceturam,
And ſge bar him ſiðen ſex ſunen; She bore him seven
sons.
Abraham dede hem ſiðen ſundri wunen;1448
fer eſt fro cratonidé,
Weren he ſpred to ðe rede se.
Yſaac he let al hiſ god,
for he waſ bi-geten of kinde blod. 1452
Abraham died at the
An hundred ger hold and ſeuenti age of 175.
And .v. he waſ leid ſarram bi.
boðen yſaac and yſmael
Him bi-ſtoden wurlike and wel. 1456
On hundred ger and .xxxvij. Ishmael was 137 years
old when he died.
Liuede yſmael and waſ ðor bi.
[Fol. 29.]
Yſaac waſ hold .xl. ger Isaac was forty years
old when he took
Quanne rebecca cam him ner; 1460 Rebekah to wife.
Longe it waſ or ghe him child bar,
And he bad god, quanne he it wurð war, Isaac intreated the
Lord for his wife, who
ðat he ſulde fillen ðat quede was barren.
ðat he[165] abraham quilum dede. 1464
ðo wurð rebecca childre bere,
ðat ghe felte ful time in gere; Rebekah conceived.
At on burdene ghe under-stod
two ðe weren hire ſibbe blod; 1468
Alſe ðhute hire day and nigt,
The children struggled
Alſe he wrogten and[166] figt, together within her.
Queðer here ſulde birðen bi-foren.
Oc eſau waſ firmeſt boren, 1472 Esau was the first
born, and Jacob was
And iacob ſone after, ic wot, born soon after.
for ðat he heldim bi ðe fot.
Page 109
Sexti ger yſaac waſ old, Sixty years was Isaac
1476 at this time.
Quan ðiſ tidi[n]g him waſ told;
Ghe[167] was abraham liues her,
After ðiſ, fiftene ger.
164]
seyn is at the side in a later hand.
165]
In a later hand at the side.
166]
read an?
167]
read get
THE PRIVILEGES OF THE FIRST BORN.
Isaac's sons grew up
Wexen boden yſaac ſunes, and had different
occupations.
And ðhogen, and adden ſundri wunes; 1480
Eſau wilde man huntere, Esau was a hunter, and
Jacob a husbandman.
And Iacob tame man tiliere.
ðe fader luuede eſau wel, Isaac loved Esau for
1484 that he was the eldest.
for firme birðe & ſwete mel;
ðe moder, iacob for tamehed, [Fol. 29b.]
Rebekah loved Jacob
And for ðe ali gaſteſ red. because of his peaceful
Iacob An time him ſeð a mete disposition.
ðat man callen lentil gete, 1488 Jacob sod pottage.
And eſau fro felde cam, Esau came from the
field hungry.
Sag ðis pulment, hunger him nam.
"Broðer iacob," quat eſau, "Brother," said he,
1492 "give me of this warm
"Of ðiſ warme mete ðu gif me nu, meat, for I am weary."
for ic ham mattilike weri."
Iacob wurð war he waſ gredi;
1476 at this time.
Quan ðiſ tidi[n]g him waſ told;
Ghe[167] was abraham liues her,
After ðiſ, fiftene ger.
164]
seyn is at the side in a later hand.
165]
In a later hand at the side.
166]
read an?
167]
read get
THE PRIVILEGES OF THE FIRST BORN.
Isaac's sons grew up
Wexen boden yſaac ſunes, and had different
occupations.
And ðhogen, and adden ſundri wunes; 1480
Eſau wilde man huntere, Esau was a hunter, and
Jacob a husbandman.
And Iacob tame man tiliere.
ðe fader luuede eſau wel, Isaac loved Esau for
1484 that he was the eldest.
for firme birðe & ſwete mel;
ðe moder, iacob for tamehed, [Fol. 29b.]
Rebekah loved Jacob
And for ðe ali gaſteſ red. because of his peaceful
Iacob An time him ſeð a mete disposition.
ðat man callen lentil gete, 1488 Jacob sod pottage.
And eſau fro felde cam, Esau came from the
field hungry.
Sag ðis pulment, hunger him nam.
"Broðer iacob," quat eſau, "Brother," said he,
1492 "give me of this warm
"Of ðiſ warme mete ðu gif me nu, meat, for I am weary."
for ic ham mattilike weri."
Iacob wurð war he waſ gredi;
Page 110
"Broðer," quad he, "ſel me ðo wunes, Jacob said, "Sell me
1496 thy birthright, and I
ðe queðen ben ðe firme ſunes, will fill thee with
ðat ic ðin firme birðehe gete, meat."
If ic ðe fille wið ðiſ mete."
Quad eſau, "ful bliðelike," Esau consented full
1500 blithely.
And gafe it him wel ſikerlike.
firme birðe waſ wurði wune The eldest son was
highly honoured.
ðe fader dede ðe firme ſune;
ðe firme ſune at offrende ſel
Waſ wune ben ſcrid ſemelike and wel, 1504
And ſulde auen ðe bliſcing At his father's death he
had the blessing.
Or or ðe fader dede hiſ ending;
And at heg tide and at geſtning,
ðe gungere[168] ſune geuen ðe bliſcing, 1508
And hauen mete ðan at iſ mel, At meat he had a
double portion.
More or ðe gungere twinne del;
And quanne ðe fader were grauen, [Fol. 30.]
1512 His inheritance was
two doles of ereward riche auen. twice as much as the
younger's share.
168]
An error for eldere.
JACOB DEFRAUDS ESAU OF THE BLESSING.
A famine banished
An time dede hunger yſaac flen, Isaac to Gerar.
And he wulde to egipte then,[169]
Oc god him ſente reed in wis
ðat he bi-lef in geraſis; 1516
ðor he was for hiſ fadreſ luue[n] For his father's sake he
was highly esteemed.
Holden wurðelike a wel a-buuen.
An hundred ſo mikel wex hiſ tile,
So may god friðe ðor he wile. 1520
Niðede ðat folk him fel wel The folk of Gerar
envied Isaac, so he left
And deden him flitten hiſe oſtel. them and went to
At berſabe he wunede beſt, Beersheba.
1496 thy birthright, and I
ðe queðen ben ðe firme ſunes, will fill thee with
ðat ic ðin firme birðehe gete, meat."
If ic ðe fille wið ðiſ mete."
Quad eſau, "ful bliðelike," Esau consented full
1500 blithely.
And gafe it him wel ſikerlike.
firme birðe waſ wurði wune The eldest son was
highly honoured.
ðe fader dede ðe firme ſune;
ðe firme ſune at offrende ſel
Waſ wune ben ſcrid ſemelike and wel, 1504
And ſulde auen ðe bliſcing At his father's death he
had the blessing.
Or or ðe fader dede hiſ ending;
And at heg tide and at geſtning,
ðe gungere[168] ſune geuen ðe bliſcing, 1508
And hauen mete ðan at iſ mel, At meat he had a
double portion.
More or ðe gungere twinne del;
And quanne ðe fader were grauen, [Fol. 30.]
1512 His inheritance was
two doles of ereward riche auen. twice as much as the
younger's share.
168]
An error for eldere.
JACOB DEFRAUDS ESAU OF THE BLESSING.
A famine banished
An time dede hunger yſaac flen, Isaac to Gerar.
And he wulde to egipte then,[169]
Oc god him ſente reed in wis
ðat he bi-lef in geraſis; 1516
ðor he was for hiſ fadreſ luue[n] For his father's sake he
was highly esteemed.
Holden wurðelike a wel a-buuen.
An hundred ſo mikel wex hiſ tile,
So may god friðe ðor he wile. 1520
Niðede ðat folk him fel wel The folk of Gerar
envied Isaac, so he left
And deden him flitten hiſe oſtel. them and went to
At berſabe he wunede beſt, Beersheba.
Page 111
And ðor wurð wið him trewðe feſt 1524
Abimalech, and luue ſworen, Abimelech made a
covenant with Isaac.
So he waſ or iſ fader bi-foren.
And helde gede on yſaac,
1528 Isaac became old and
Wurðede ſighteleſ and elde ſwac;[170] sightless.
He bad eſau, hiſ firme ſune,
fechin him fode, aſ he waſ wune; He sends Esau for
venison,
If he toke him ðat he wulde eten,
Hiſ ſeli bliſcing ſulde he bi-geten. 1532 and promises him his
blessing.
Ðor quiles eſau ſogte and ran,
Rebecca iacob reden gan; Rebekah instructs
Jacob how to obtain
Two kides he fette and brogtes hire, the blessing.
And ghe knew wel ðe faderes kire,[171] 1536
And made ſwiðe on ſele ðat mete, [Fol. 30b.]
ſwilc ghe wiſte he wulde eten;
Sridde ghe iacob and made him ru She made him rough
1540 like Esau.
ðor he was bare(.) nu lik eſau;
And he ſeruede hiſ fader wel
Wið wines drinc and ſeles mel. Jacob obtained the
blessing from his
Yſaac wende it were eſau, father.
for he grapte him and fond him ru; 1544
ðanne he wiſte him on gode ſel,
He him bliſcede holdelike and wel;
169]
read ten?
170]
read eldes wac
171]
Glossed wune in later hand.
ESAU THREATENS TO KILL JACOB.
Abimalech, and luue ſworen, Abimelech made a
covenant with Isaac.
So he waſ or iſ fader bi-foren.
And helde gede on yſaac,
1528 Isaac became old and
Wurðede ſighteleſ and elde ſwac;[170] sightless.
He bad eſau, hiſ firme ſune,
fechin him fode, aſ he waſ wune; He sends Esau for
venison,
If he toke him ðat he wulde eten,
Hiſ ſeli bliſcing ſulde he bi-geten. 1532 and promises him his
blessing.
Ðor quiles eſau ſogte and ran,
Rebecca iacob reden gan; Rebekah instructs
Jacob how to obtain
Two kides he fette and brogtes hire, the blessing.
And ghe knew wel ðe faderes kire,[171] 1536
And made ſwiðe on ſele ðat mete, [Fol. 30b.]
ſwilc ghe wiſte he wulde eten;
Sridde ghe iacob and made him ru She made him rough
1540 like Esau.
ðor he was bare(.) nu lik eſau;
And he ſeruede hiſ fader wel
Wið wines drinc and ſeles mel. Jacob obtained the
blessing from his
Yſaac wende it were eſau, father.
for he grapte him and fond him ru; 1544
ðanne he wiſte him on gode ſel,
He him bliſcede holdelike and wel;
169]
read ten?
170]
read eldes wac
171]
Glossed wune in later hand.
ESAU THREATENS TO KILL JACOB.
Page 112
"Heuene dew, and erðeſ fetthed, The dew of heaven,
1548 the fatness of the earth,
Of win and olie fulſum-hed," plenty of corn and
And bad him of hiſ kindes louerd ben, wine, and the lordship
In welðe and migt wurðinge ðen. over his brethren.
Wel bliðe and fagen was iacob ðo,
for bliſced he wente hiſ fader fro. 1552
Quan yſaac it under-nam When Isaac
understood that Esau
ðat eſau to late cam, came too late he was
And ðat iſ broðer, af-ter boren, seized with great fear.
1556
Waſ kumen and hadde iſ bliſcing bi-foren,
Wel ſelkuðlike he wurð for-dred;
And in ðat dred hiſ ðogt waſ led In his dread he saw
how God would that it
In to ligtneſſe for to ſen should so be.
Quow god wulde it ſulde ben. 1560
ðo ſeide yſaac to eſau, To Esau thus he spoke:
"ðin broðer iacob waſ her nu, "Thy brother was here
just now, and has taken
thy blessing, and he
shall be blessed."
And toc ðin bliſcing liðer-like, [Fol. 31.]
And he wurð bliſced witterlike." 1564
Quad eſau, "rigt iſ hiſ name
hoten iacob, to min un-frame;
Or he min firme birðe toc, Esau intreats for one
blessing.
Nu haued[172] he ſtolen min bliſcing oc;1568
ðog, fader dere, bidde ic ðe,
ðat ſum bliſcing gif ðu me."
ðo gan eſau ðengen[173] and ſen Isaac promises him
that his dwelling shall
Quilc iſ bliſcing migte ben; 1572
be of the fatness of the
In heuene deu, and erðes ſmere, earth and of the dew of
heaven.
Gatte him bliſcing ðat him waſ gere;
for ydumea, ðat fulſum lond, Idumea became Esau's
1576 inheritance.
Of lewſe god, was in hiſe hond.
Quad eſau, "grot ſal bi-cumen, Esau threatens Jacob.
And wreche of iacob ſal binumen."
Oc rebecca wiſte ðat ðhogt,
ðat hate waſ in hiſe herte brogt, 1580
1548 the fatness of the earth,
Of win and olie fulſum-hed," plenty of corn and
And bad him of hiſ kindes louerd ben, wine, and the lordship
In welðe and migt wurðinge ðen. over his brethren.
Wel bliðe and fagen was iacob ðo,
for bliſced he wente hiſ fader fro. 1552
Quan yſaac it under-nam When Isaac
understood that Esau
ðat eſau to late cam, came too late he was
And ðat iſ broðer, af-ter boren, seized with great fear.
1556
Waſ kumen and hadde iſ bliſcing bi-foren,
Wel ſelkuðlike he wurð for-dred;
And in ðat dred hiſ ðogt waſ led In his dread he saw
how God would that it
In to ligtneſſe for to ſen should so be.
Quow god wulde it ſulde ben. 1560
ðo ſeide yſaac to eſau, To Esau thus he spoke:
"ðin broðer iacob waſ her nu, "Thy brother was here
just now, and has taken
thy blessing, and he
shall be blessed."
And toc ðin bliſcing liðer-like, [Fol. 31.]
And he wurð bliſced witterlike." 1564
Quad eſau, "rigt iſ hiſ name
hoten iacob, to min un-frame;
Or he min firme birðe toc, Esau intreats for one
blessing.
Nu haued[172] he ſtolen min bliſcing oc;1568
ðog, fader dere, bidde ic ðe,
ðat ſum bliſcing gif ðu me."
ðo gan eſau ðengen[173] and ſen Isaac promises him
that his dwelling shall
Quilc iſ bliſcing migte ben; 1572
be of the fatness of the
In heuene deu, and erðes ſmere, earth and of the dew of
heaven.
Gatte him bliſcing ðat him waſ gere;
for ydumea, ðat fulſum lond, Idumea became Esau's
1576 inheritance.
Of lewſe god, was in hiſe hond.
Quad eſau, "grot ſal bi-cumen, Esau threatens Jacob.
And wreche of iacob ſal binumen."
Oc rebecca wiſte ðat ðhogt,
ðat hate waſ in hiſe herte brogt, 1580
Page 113
for-ði ghe iacob warnen gan, Rebekah warns Jacob
of his brother's
And ſente him to hiſ broðer laban; intentions.
172]
read haueð
173]
read ðenken
JACOB IS SENT TO PADAN-ARAM.
"be ðu ðer," quat ghe, "til eſau
Eðe moðed [be], ðe wreðed nu, 1584
And ðu ſalt ðe betre ſped,
If it beð bi ðin faderes red." Rebekah complains to
Isaac of Esau's
Quad rebecca to hire were, marriage and
"Eſau wifuede uſ to dere 1588 connection with the
Canaanites.
Quan he iuſted & beð ſo mat, [Fol. 31b.]
Toc of kin ðe canaan bi-gat,
For-ði he maked him ſtið & ſtrong,
For he beð mengt ðat kin among; 1592
If iacob toke her alſo a wif,
Ne bode ic no lengere werldeſ lif.
Yſaac bad iacob him garen, Isaac blesses Jacob,
And forð ſwiðe to laban faren; 1596 and sends him to
Padan-aram.
Iacob liſtenede ðo frendes red,
Fro berſabe he ferde wið ſped;
Long weie he gan to-ward aram, Jacob went a long way
1600 about,
bi cananeam forð he nam,
And wulde nogt ðat folc bi-twen in order to avoid the
houses of the
Herberged in here huſes ben. Canaanites.
He lay bi luzan ut on nigt, At Luz he tarried all
1604 night.
A ſton under hiſe heued rigt,
And ſlep and ſag, an ſoðe drem, In a dream he saw a
ladder reaching from
fro ðe erðe up til heuene bem, earth to heaven,
A leddre ſtonden, and ðor-on
of his brother's
And ſente him to hiſ broðer laban; intentions.
172]
read haueð
173]
read ðenken
JACOB IS SENT TO PADAN-ARAM.
"be ðu ðer," quat ghe, "til eſau
Eðe moðed [be], ðe wreðed nu, 1584
And ðu ſalt ðe betre ſped,
If it beð bi ðin faderes red." Rebekah complains to
Isaac of Esau's
Quad rebecca to hire were, marriage and
"Eſau wifuede uſ to dere 1588 connection with the
Canaanites.
Quan he iuſted & beð ſo mat, [Fol. 31b.]
Toc of kin ðe canaan bi-gat,
For-ði he maked him ſtið & ſtrong,
For he beð mengt ðat kin among; 1592
If iacob toke her alſo a wif,
Ne bode ic no lengere werldeſ lif.
Yſaac bad iacob him garen, Isaac blesses Jacob,
And forð ſwiðe to laban faren; 1596 and sends him to
Padan-aram.
Iacob liſtenede ðo frendes red,
Fro berſabe he ferde wið ſped;
Long weie he gan to-ward aram, Jacob went a long way
1600 about,
bi cananeam forð he nam,
And wulde nogt ðat folc bi-twen in order to avoid the
houses of the
Herberged in here huſes ben. Canaanites.
He lay bi luzan ut on nigt, At Luz he tarried all
1604 night.
A ſton under hiſe heued rigt,
And ſlep and ſag, an ſoðe drem, In a dream he saw a
ladder reaching from
fro ðe erðe up til heuene bem, earth to heaven,
A leddre ſtonden, and ðor-on
Page 114
Angeles dun-cumen and up-gon, 1608 angels ascending and
descending, and the
And ðe louerd ðor uppe a-buuen Lord stood above it.
Lened[174] ðor-on; and [Jacob] wurð ut-ſuuen,
Herde ðat he quad, "god ic am "I am," He said, "the
1612 God of Abraham and
ðe luued yſaac and abraham; of Isaac;
And ðis lond ic ſal giuen ðin ſed, this land will I give
thee, and in thy seed
And in ðis weige don ðe red; shall all mankind be
blessed."
And i ſal bringen ðe a-gen, [Fol. 32.]
And of ðin kinde bliſced ðu ſalt ben." 1616
174]
read leued = remained?
FROM LUZ HE JOURNEYS TO HARAN.
Iacob abraid, & ſeide frigtilike:— Jacob awoke. "Surely,"
he said, "here is God's
"God in ðis ſtede iſ wittirlike, house.
Her, dredful ſtede, her, godeſ hus,
1620
Her, heuenegate amonguſ[175] us;
Louerd, if ic mote a-gen cumen, If I may come again to
my father's house,
Of ðis ſtede ic ſal in herte munen;"
(Sette he up ðat ſton for muniging,
And get on olige for tok-ning) 1624
"He ſal euere min louerd ben, the lord shall be my
God,
ðat dede me her ðis ſigt[e] ſen,
Her ic ſal offrendes here don here I shall brake
1628 offerings, and yield
And tigðes wel gelden her-up-on; tithes."
And wel ſal luz wurðed ben,
for ic gan her ðis ſigðhe ſen."
Iacob calde ðat ſtede betel; Jacob called the place
1632 Bethel.
Quor-fore he it dede, he wiſte wel.
Longe weie he ſiðen ouer-cam,
And longe time or he ſag tharam. Jacob pursues his
journey.
Quane he cam ner, fond he ðor-on
A welle wel helid under a ſton, 1636 He finds a well at
Haran; three flocks of
And ðre flockes of ſep dor-bi,[176]
descending, and the
And ðe louerd ðor uppe a-buuen Lord stood above it.
Lened[174] ðor-on; and [Jacob] wurð ut-ſuuen,
Herde ðat he quad, "god ic am "I am," He said, "the
1612 God of Abraham and
ðe luued yſaac and abraham; of Isaac;
And ðis lond ic ſal giuen ðin ſed, this land will I give
thee, and in thy seed
And in ðis weige don ðe red; shall all mankind be
blessed."
And i ſal bringen ðe a-gen, [Fol. 32.]
And of ðin kinde bliſced ðu ſalt ben." 1616
174]
read leued = remained?
FROM LUZ HE JOURNEYS TO HARAN.
Iacob abraid, & ſeide frigtilike:— Jacob awoke. "Surely,"
he said, "here is God's
"God in ðis ſtede iſ wittirlike, house.
Her, dredful ſtede, her, godeſ hus,
1620
Her, heuenegate amonguſ[175] us;
Louerd, if ic mote a-gen cumen, If I may come again to
my father's house,
Of ðis ſtede ic ſal in herte munen;"
(Sette he up ðat ſton for muniging,
And get on olige for tok-ning) 1624
"He ſal euere min louerd ben, the lord shall be my
God,
ðat dede me her ðis ſigt[e] ſen,
Her ic ſal offrendes here don here I shall brake
1628 offerings, and yield
And tigðes wel gelden her-up-on; tithes."
And wel ſal luz wurðed ben,
for ic gan her ðis ſigðhe ſen."
Iacob calde ðat ſtede betel; Jacob called the place
1632 Bethel.
Quor-fore he it dede, he wiſte wel.
Longe weie he ſiðen ouer-cam,
And longe time or he ſag tharam. Jacob pursues his
journey.
Quane he cam ner, fond he ðor-on
A welle wel helid under a ſton, 1636 He finds a well at
Haran; three flocks of
And ðre flockes of ſep dor-bi,[176]
Page 115
sheep were lying by it.
ðat ðor abiden al for-ði; The cattle did not go
to water one by one,
ðor waſ nogt wune on & on, but were all collected
ðat orf ðor to water gon, 1640 together at one time.
Oc at ſet time he ſulden ſamen, [Fol. 32b.]
ðor hem-ſelf & here orf framen.
Iacob ðes hirdes freinen gan, Jacob asks the
1644 herdsmen the way to
Hu fer iſt heðen to laban; Laban's house.
Wel he ſeiden and ſwiðe wel,
"loc! her hiſ dogter rachel." They answered, "Here
is Rachel his
Sep he driuen ðiſ welle ner, daughter." She came to
for ghe hem wulde wattre ðer. 1648 bring the sheep to the
well.
Iacob wið hire wente ðat ſton, Jacob rolled the stone
from the well's mouth.
And let hire ſep to water gon;
And kidde he was hire mouies ſune, He made known his
1652 relationship to Rachel.
And kiſte hire aftre kindes wune;
175]
So in MS.
176]
read ðor-bi
JACOB COVENANTS FOR RACHEL.
Rachel was bliðe and forð ghe nam,
And kiddit to hire fader laban.
Laban fagnede him in frendes wune, Laban welcomes his
1656 nephew and brings
feren ſwunken yſaaces ſunen. him to his house.
Iacob tolde him for quat he ſwanc
So fer, and laban herte ranc;
He cuðe him ðer-of wel gret ðhanc,
And dede him eten and to him dranc, 1660 He entertains him
well.
And ſeide to him, "bi min blod,
ðin come iſ me leflike and good."
Laban bi-tagte him, ſiðen to ſen, Jacob abode with
1664 Laban for one month,
ðat ðor abiden al for-ði; The cattle did not go
to water one by one,
ðor waſ nogt wune on & on, but were all collected
ðat orf ðor to water gon, 1640 together at one time.
Oc at ſet time he ſulden ſamen, [Fol. 32b.]
ðor hem-ſelf & here orf framen.
Iacob ðes hirdes freinen gan, Jacob asks the
1644 herdsmen the way to
Hu fer iſt heðen to laban; Laban's house.
Wel he ſeiden and ſwiðe wel,
"loc! her hiſ dogter rachel." They answered, "Here
is Rachel his
Sep he driuen ðiſ welle ner, daughter." She came to
for ghe hem wulde wattre ðer. 1648 bring the sheep to the
well.
Iacob wið hire wente ðat ſton, Jacob rolled the stone
from the well's mouth.
And let hire ſep to water gon;
And kidde he was hire mouies ſune, He made known his
1652 relationship to Rachel.
And kiſte hire aftre kindes wune;
175]
So in MS.
176]
read ðor-bi
JACOB COVENANTS FOR RACHEL.
Rachel was bliðe and forð ghe nam,
And kiddit to hire fader laban.
Laban fagnede him in frendes wune, Laban welcomes his
1656 nephew and brings
feren ſwunken yſaaces ſunen. him to his house.
Iacob tolde him for quat he ſwanc
So fer, and laban herte ranc;
He cuðe him ðer-of wel gret ðhanc,
And dede him eten and to him dranc, 1660 He entertains him
well.
And ſeide to him, "bi min blod,
ðin come iſ me leflike and good."
Laban bi-tagte him, ſiðen to ſen, Jacob abode with
1664 Laban for one month,
Page 116
Hiſ hirdeneſſe ðat it wel ben.
And quanne a moneð was ouer-meten, after which time Laban
said to him,
"Iacob," wað he, "quat wiltu bi-geten?
[Fol. 33.]
Quat-ſo [177][ðu] wilt for hire crauen, "Tell me what shall thy
Aſke it wið ſkil and ðu ſalt hauen." 1668
wages be."
Quat iacob, "ic ſal, for rachel, Jacob covenanted for
Rachel.
Seruen ðe ſeuene winter wel."
Luue wel michil it agte a wold,
Swilc ſeruiſe and ſo longe told. 1672
forð geden ſeuene ger bi tale, Seven years passed
away and Laban made
And laban made him hiſ bridale; a feast.
Iacob wurð drunken, and euen cam, When even came
1676 Jacob was deceived
Laban bi nigt tog him liam; with Leah.
And a maiden waſ hire bi-tagt,
Zelfa bi name, ðat ilke nagt.
Iacob gan hire under-fon,
O morgen ðugte it him miſ-don. 1680 Laban says that it was
not the custom to
Quat laban, "long wune iſ her driuen, marry the younger
firmeſt on elde, firſt ben giuen: before the first-born.
And loð me waſ ſenden rachel
So fer, for ic luuede her wel; 1684
Oc ſerf me ſeuene oðer ger, Jacob agrees to serve
other seven years for
If ðu ſalt rachel ſeruen her; Rachel.
177]
At bottom of Fol. 32b is the catchword—"quat ſo ðu wilt."
JACOB MARRIES RACHEL.
Seue nigt ſiðen forð ben numen
Or rachel beð to iacob cumen, 1688
And laban made a feſte oc
Quanne iacob wid[178] rachel toc; Jacob marries Rachel.
And for ghe ðanne cam him ner,
ſeruede he him ſiðen ſeuene ger. 1692
And quanne a moneð was ouer-meten, after which time Laban
said to him,
"Iacob," wað he, "quat wiltu bi-geten?
[Fol. 33.]
Quat-ſo [177][ðu] wilt for hire crauen, "Tell me what shall thy
Aſke it wið ſkil and ðu ſalt hauen." 1668
wages be."
Quat iacob, "ic ſal, for rachel, Jacob covenanted for
Rachel.
Seruen ðe ſeuene winter wel."
Luue wel michil it agte a wold,
Swilc ſeruiſe and ſo longe told. 1672
forð geden ſeuene ger bi tale, Seven years passed
away and Laban made
And laban made him hiſ bridale; a feast.
Iacob wurð drunken, and euen cam, When even came
1676 Jacob was deceived
Laban bi nigt tog him liam; with Leah.
And a maiden waſ hire bi-tagt,
Zelfa bi name, ðat ilke nagt.
Iacob gan hire under-fon,
O morgen ðugte it him miſ-don. 1680 Laban says that it was
not the custom to
Quat laban, "long wune iſ her driuen, marry the younger
firmeſt on elde, firſt ben giuen: before the first-born.
And loð me waſ ſenden rachel
So fer, for ic luuede her wel; 1684
Oc ſerf me ſeuene oðer ger, Jacob agrees to serve
other seven years for
If ðu ſalt rachel ſeruen her; Rachel.
177]
At bottom of Fol. 32b is the catchword—"quat ſo ðu wilt."
JACOB MARRIES RACHEL.
Seue nigt ſiðen forð ben numen
Or rachel beð to iacob cumen, 1688
And laban made a feſte oc
Quanne iacob wid[178] rachel toc; Jacob marries Rachel.
And for ghe ðanne cam him ner,
ſeruede he him ſiðen ſeuene ger. 1692
Page 117
[Fol. 33b.]
Rachel adde, after londes kire,[179]
maiden balaam to ſeruen hire.
Leah was the mother
LIa moder of fowre was, of four sons.
Ruben, ſymeon, leui, iudas; 1696
for rachel non birðe ne nam, Rachel was barren.
Sge[180] bi-tagte iacob balaam;
bala two childre bar bi him, Bilhah, her handmaid,
1700 bare Dan and
Rachel cald es[181] dan(.) neptalim; Naphtali.
And zelfa two ſunes him ber, Zilpah bare Gad and
Asher.
Lia calde iſ(.) Gad(.) and aſſer;
Lia ſiðen two ſunes bar, Leah afterwards bare
1704 Zebulun, Issachar, and
Zabulon(.) laſt(.) or yſakar; Dinah.
Lia bar laſt dowter dinam,
Sichem, ſiðen, hire ille bi-nam.
Last of rachel iosep was boren, At last Joseph was
1708 born of Rachel.
Beſt of alle ðe oðere bi-foren.
Longe haued [182]
nu iacob ben her,
wið laban fulle .xiii. ger;
Leue aſkede hem hom to faren, Jacob desires leave of
1712 Laban to depart.
Wið wiues and childre ðeðen charen,
But-if laban him ðelde bet Laban would not let
him depart.
Hiſe ſeruiſe, and wið-holde him get;
ſerue he ſcriðed ðat .vij. ger,
ðat he bi-leue and ſerue him her; 1716
Wel he ſeið him ðat he ſal hauen He promises him to
give him for hire
for hire, quat-ſo he wile crauen. whatever he shall ask.
forward iſ mad of alle ſep, [Fol. 34.]
1720
Of oneſ bles[183] iacob nim kep,
And if of ðo ſpotted cumen, Jacob is to have all the
speckled
178]
wið?
Rachel adde, after londes kire,[179]
maiden balaam to ſeruen hire.
Leah was the mother
LIa moder of fowre was, of four sons.
Ruben, ſymeon, leui, iudas; 1696
for rachel non birðe ne nam, Rachel was barren.
Sge[180] bi-tagte iacob balaam;
bala two childre bar bi him, Bilhah, her handmaid,
1700 bare Dan and
Rachel cald es[181] dan(.) neptalim; Naphtali.
And zelfa two ſunes him ber, Zilpah bare Gad and
Asher.
Lia calde iſ(.) Gad(.) and aſſer;
Lia ſiðen two ſunes bar, Leah afterwards bare
1704 Zebulun, Issachar, and
Zabulon(.) laſt(.) or yſakar; Dinah.
Lia bar laſt dowter dinam,
Sichem, ſiðen, hire ille bi-nam.
Last of rachel iosep was boren, At last Joseph was
1708 born of Rachel.
Beſt of alle ðe oðere bi-foren.
Longe haued [182]
nu iacob ben her,
wið laban fulle .xiii. ger;
Leue aſkede hem hom to faren, Jacob desires leave of
1712 Laban to depart.
Wið wiues and childre ðeðen charen,
But-if laban him ðelde bet Laban would not let
him depart.
Hiſe ſeruiſe, and wið-holde him get;
ſerue he ſcriðed ðat .vij. ger,
ðat he bi-leue and ſerue him her; 1716
Wel he ſeið him ðat he ſal hauen He promises him to
give him for hire
for hire, quat-ſo he wile crauen. whatever he shall ask.
forward iſ mad of alle ſep, [Fol. 34.]
1720
Of oneſ bles[183] iacob nim kep,
And if of ðo ſpotted cumen, Jacob is to have all the
speckled
178]
wið?
Page 118
179]
Glossed wune in a later hand.
180]
she?
181]
caldes MS.
182]
haueð?
183]
fles MS.
JACOB LEAVES LABAN SECRETLY.
ðo ſulen him ben for hire numen; and spotted cattle for
his hire.
Sep or got, haſwed, arled, or grei,
Ben don fro iacob fer a-wei; 1724
ðog him boren ðes oneſ bles The flocks produced
many speckled and
Vn-like manige and likeles. spotted.
ðo ſag laban ðat iacob bi-gat Laban was greatly
1728 displeased.
Michil, and him miſlikede ðat;
bi-tagte him ðo ðe ſunder bles, He changed Jacob's
hire.
And it him boren ones bles.
Ten ſiðes ðus binnen .vi. ger, Ten times within six
1732 years he shifted the
Shiftede iacob hirdeneſſe her, cattle.
And ai was labaneſ herte ſor,
for hiſ agte wex mor & mor.
Jacob saw that Laban
Ðo ſag iacob laban wurð wroð, was unfriendly
towards him,
Vnder him ben leng iſ him loð, 1736
And wið iſ wiues he takeð red, so he determined to
leave Padanaram.
And greiðet him deðenward[184] wið ſped.
Glossed wune in a later hand.
180]
she?
181]
caldes MS.
182]
haueð?
183]
fles MS.
JACOB LEAVES LABAN SECRETLY.
ðo ſulen him ben for hire numen; and spotted cattle for
his hire.
Sep or got, haſwed, arled, or grei,
Ben don fro iacob fer a-wei; 1724
ðog him boren ðes oneſ bles The flocks produced
many speckled and
Vn-like manige and likeles. spotted.
ðo ſag laban ðat iacob bi-gat Laban was greatly
1728 displeased.
Michil, and him miſlikede ðat;
bi-tagte him ðo ðe ſunder bles, He changed Jacob's
hire.
And it him boren ones bles.
Ten ſiðes ðus binnen .vi. ger, Ten times within six
1732 years he shifted the
Shiftede iacob hirdeneſſe her, cattle.
And ai was labaneſ herte ſor,
for hiſ agte wex mor & mor.
Jacob saw that Laban
Ðo ſag iacob laban wurð wroð, was unfriendly
towards him,
Vnder him ben leng iſ him loð, 1736
And wið iſ wiues he takeð red, so he determined to
leave Padanaram.
And greiðet him deðenward[184] wið ſped.
Page 119
Laban had left Haran
Laban ferde to nimen kep, to shear his sheep.
In clipping time to hiſe ſep, 1740
fro caram in-to vten ſtede,
ðor quiles iacob ðiſ dede dede;
Wið wiues, and childre, & orf he nam,
And to ðe munt galaad he bi-cam; 1744 Jacob came to mount
Gilead,
ðanne fleg he to meſopotaniam, [Fol. 34b.]
And drog to-ward cananeam. and drew towards
Canaan.
And Rachel adde hid and for-olen
Hire faderes godes of gold, & ſtolen. 1748 Rachel had stolen her
father's gods.
Laban it wiſte on ðe ðridde dai
ðat iacob waſ ðus flogen a-wei; Laban, hearing of
Jacob's flight, pursues
He toc, and wente, and folwede on, him.
And ðhogt in mod iacob to ſlon, 1752
Oc god in ſweuene ſpac him to, God, in a dream,
forbids Laban to harm
ðat he ſulde iacob non yuel do. Jacob.
vij. nigt forð-geden and dais oc, Laban overtakes Jacob
1756 on the seventh day.
Or laban iacob ouer-toc;
184]
ðeðenward?
THE COVENANT BETWEEN JACOB AND LABAN.
So waſ he frig[t]ed ear in drem,
ðus meðelike ſpac ðiſ em:
"Qui wore ðu fro me for-holen, He complains of the
1760 wrong done to him.
And qui aſ ðu min godes ſtolen?
Min mog, min neue, and felage,
Me ne agtes ðu don ſwilc [vn-]lage."
"[I]c was for-dred ðe migte timen,
fro me ðine doutres bi-nimen, 1764
fro here childre ðhogt hem ſor, Jacob denies that he
has been guilty of
mor for me bi-leuen ðor; theft.
Laban ferde to nimen kep, to shear his sheep.
In clipping time to hiſe ſep, 1740
fro caram in-to vten ſtede,
ðor quiles iacob ðiſ dede dede;
Wið wiues, and childre, & orf he nam,
And to ðe munt galaad he bi-cam; 1744 Jacob came to mount
Gilead,
ðanne fleg he to meſopotaniam, [Fol. 34b.]
And drog to-ward cananeam. and drew towards
Canaan.
And Rachel adde hid and for-olen
Hire faderes godes of gold, & ſtolen. 1748 Rachel had stolen her
father's gods.
Laban it wiſte on ðe ðridde dai
ðat iacob waſ ðus flogen a-wei; Laban, hearing of
Jacob's flight, pursues
He toc, and wente, and folwede on, him.
And ðhogt in mod iacob to ſlon, 1752
Oc god in ſweuene ſpac him to, God, in a dream,
forbids Laban to harm
ðat he ſulde iacob non yuel do. Jacob.
vij. nigt forð-geden and dais oc, Laban overtakes Jacob
1756 on the seventh day.
Or laban iacob ouer-toc;
184]
ðeðenward?
THE COVENANT BETWEEN JACOB AND LABAN.
So waſ he frig[t]ed ear in drem,
ðus meðelike ſpac ðiſ em:
"Qui wore ðu fro me for-holen, He complains of the
1760 wrong done to him.
And qui aſ ðu min godes ſtolen?
Min mog, min neue, and felage,
Me ne agtes ðu don ſwilc [vn-]lage."
"[I]c was for-dred ðe migte timen,
fro me ðine doutres bi-nimen, 1764
fro here childre ðhogt hem ſor, Jacob denies that he
has been guilty of
mor for me bi-leuen ðor; theft.
Page 120
ſtalðe ic for-ſake, ðat iſ min red,
wið quam ðu iſ findes, ðat he be dead." 1768
Laban searched for his
Of al ðat laban haued[185] iſ ſogt, idols, but found them
So woren it hid, ne fond he is nogt. not.
[Fol. 35.]
Ðo [q]wað iacob, "yuel iſt bi-togen, Then said Jacob,
"What is my sin that
Min ſwinc a-buten ðin holðe drogen; 1772 thou ransackest me as
a thief?"
ðu me ranſakes alſ an ðef,
And me was ðin wurðing lef."
ðo quat laban, "frend ſule wit ben, Quoth Laban, "Friends
1776 will we be and plight
And trewðe pligt[186] nu unc bi-twen, troth between us."
And make we it her an hil of ſton,
Name of witneſſe be ðer-on;"
ðor-on he eten bliðe and glað,[187]
ðat hil iſ hoten galaað; 1780 This covenant was
made at Gilead.
Laban hem bliſcede, & on nigt
wente a-gen-ward, or it waſ ligt; Laban departed before
daylight.
And iacob waſ of weie rad,
Raðe he was fer fro laban ſad. 1784
Alſ he cam ner cananeam, As Jacob drew near to
Canaan, he was met by
Engel wirð a-gen him cam, the angels of God.
Als it were wopnede here,
Redi to ſilden him fro were; 1788
ðat ſtede he calde manaim, That place he called
Mahanaim.
ðor ðis wird of engeles metten him.
ðor he bi-lef, and ſente ðeden[188]
Sondere men to freinen and queðen 1792 Jacob sends
messengers to Esau.
185]
haueð?
186]
wligt MS.
187]
wið quam ðu iſ findes, ðat he be dead." 1768
Laban searched for his
Of al ðat laban haued[185] iſ ſogt, idols, but found them
So woren it hid, ne fond he is nogt. not.
[Fol. 35.]
Ðo [q]wað iacob, "yuel iſt bi-togen, Then said Jacob,
"What is my sin that
Min ſwinc a-buten ðin holðe drogen; 1772 thou ransackest me as
a thief?"
ðu me ranſakes alſ an ðef,
And me was ðin wurðing lef."
ðo quat laban, "frend ſule wit ben, Quoth Laban, "Friends
1776 will we be and plight
And trewðe pligt[186] nu unc bi-twen, troth between us."
And make we it her an hil of ſton,
Name of witneſſe be ðer-on;"
ðor-on he eten bliðe and glað,[187]
ðat hil iſ hoten galaað; 1780 This covenant was
made at Gilead.
Laban hem bliſcede, & on nigt
wente a-gen-ward, or it waſ ligt; Laban departed before
daylight.
And iacob waſ of weie rad,
Raðe he was fer fro laban ſad. 1784
Alſ he cam ner cananeam, As Jacob drew near to
Canaan, he was met by
Engel wirð a-gen him cam, the angels of God.
Als it were wopnede here,
Redi to ſilden him fro were; 1788
ðat ſtede he calde manaim, That place he called
Mahanaim.
ðor ðis wird of engeles metten him.
ðor he bi-lef, and ſente ðeden[188]
Sondere men to freinen and queðen 1792 Jacob sends
messengers to Esau.
185]
haueð?
186]
wligt MS.
187]
Page 121
glad?
188]
ðeðen?
THE MEETING OF ESAU AND JACOB.
If eſau wulde him ogt deren,
ðog wiſte wel god ſulde him weren; Word came to him that
Esau was on his way
ðor him cam bode him for to ſen, to meet him.
ðat eſau him cam a-gen; 1796
[Fol. 35b.]
And iacob ſente fer bi-foren Jacob sends a rich
present to Esau.
him riche loac, and ſundri boren,
And iordan he dede ouer waden,
Orf & men, wið welðe laden; 1800
And he bi-lef ðor on ðe nigt
to bidden helpe of godeſ migt.
He wrestled with an
And ðor wreſtelede an engel wið, angel,
Senwe ſprungen fro ðe lið; 1804
(wulde he non ſenwe ſiðen eten, and the sinew shrank
from the thigh.
Self his kinde nile ðat wune forgeten.)
Get held he wið ðis angel faſt, Jacob would not let
1808 the angel go,
Til ðe daning up eſten it braſt;
ðo ſeide ðe engel, "let me get ben,
ðe daining her nu men mai sen."
Quad iacob, "ðe ne leate ic nogt, until he had blessed
1812 him.
Til ðin bliſcing on me beð wrogt."
Jacob prevailed, and
Ðo quad ðe angel, "ſal tu nummor his name was called
Israel.
ben cald iacob, ſo ðu wore or,
Oc ðu ſal ben hoten iſrael,
for ðu ðe weries ſwiðe wel; 1816
Quan ðe ðe migt wið angel weren,
Hu ſal ani man ðe mugen deren?
Ear iacob and nu iſrael."
188]
ðeðen?
THE MEETING OF ESAU AND JACOB.
If eſau wulde him ogt deren,
ðog wiſte wel god ſulde him weren; Word came to him that
Esau was on his way
ðor him cam bode him for to ſen, to meet him.
ðat eſau him cam a-gen; 1796
[Fol. 35b.]
And iacob ſente fer bi-foren Jacob sends a rich
present to Esau.
him riche loac, and ſundri boren,
And iordan he dede ouer waden,
Orf & men, wið welðe laden; 1800
And he bi-lef ðor on ðe nigt
to bidden helpe of godeſ migt.
He wrestled with an
And ðor wreſtelede an engel wið, angel,
Senwe ſprungen fro ðe lið; 1804
(wulde he non ſenwe ſiðen eten, and the sinew shrank
from the thigh.
Self his kinde nile ðat wune forgeten.)
Get held he wið ðis angel faſt, Jacob would not let
1808 the angel go,
Til ðe daning up eſten it braſt;
ðo ſeide ðe engel, "let me get ben,
ðe daining her nu men mai sen."
Quad iacob, "ðe ne leate ic nogt, until he had blessed
1812 him.
Til ðin bliſcing on me beð wrogt."
Jacob prevailed, and
Ðo quad ðe angel, "ſal tu nummor his name was called
Israel.
ben cald iacob, ſo ðu wore or,
Oc ðu ſal ben hoten iſrael,
for ðu ðe weries ſwiðe wel; 1816
Quan ðe ðe migt wið angel weren,
Hu ſal ani man ðe mugen deren?
Ear iacob and nu iſrael."
Page 122
ðat ſte[de] was cald phanuel, 1820 This place was called
Penuel.
for he nam ouer phanuel;
And it wurð ligt and he ſag wel
Quor eſau a-gen him cam, [Fol. 36.]
1824 The meeting of Jacob
And bi-foren a-gen him nam; and Esau.
And ſeue ſiðes he fell him bi-foren,
And wurðe him ſo firmeſt boren;
And eſau ðo ran him to, The brothers become
reconciled to each
And kiſſede, and wept, ðo rew him ſo. 1828 other.
Penuel.
for he nam ouer phanuel;
And it wurð ligt and he ſag wel
Quor eſau a-gen him cam, [Fol. 36.]
1824 The meeting of Jacob
And bi-foren a-gen him nam; and Esau.
And ſeue ſiðes he fell him bi-foren,
And wurðe him ſo firmeſt boren;
And eſau ðo ran him to, The brothers become
reconciled to each
And kiſſede, and wept, ðo rew him ſo. 1828 other.
Page 123
JACOB DWELLS AT SUCCOTH. DINAH'S FOLLY.
"Broðer," quad he, "ðu and ðin trume Esau welcomes Jacob,
ben here in ðiſ place to me welcume;
Haue and bruc wel al ðin preſent,
ðat ðu to me bringeſt and haueſt ſent." 1832
Iacob was wo ðat he iſ for-ſoc,
And ſcroð him ſo(.) ðat ſum he ðor tok. accepts his present,
Here luue ðo wurð hol and ſchir,
And eſau ferde forð ðeden[189] to ſeyr; 1836 and departs unto Seir.
ðat newe burg waſ him to frame,
Mad and cald of iſ owen name.
Iacob fro ðeðen wente, ic wot, From thence Jacob
went to Succoth,
tgelt on a ſtede, and cald it[190] ſochot; 1840
fro ſochot ſiðen to ſichem,
And wune ðor-inne ſalem, and afterwards to
Shalem,
ðor him ſolde an lond kinge emor, where he bought a
1844 piece of land from
And he drog ðider and wunede ðor; Hamor.
wið newe alter wurðed he wel
ðe ſtrong god of yſrael.
Here his daughter
Hiſ dowter dina ðor miſ-dede, Dinah "mis-did."
ghe nam leueles fro ðat ſtede, 1848
To ſen de werld ðhugte hire god, [Fol. 36b.]
She went out to see the
ðat made hire ſiðen ſeri-mod, world.
for-liſtede hire owen red;
Sichem tok hire maiden-hed; 1852 Shechem took her
maidenhead.
Emor his fader, ſiðen for-ði,
And hiſ burge-folc fellen in wi;
Symeon and leui it bi-ſpeken, Simeon and Levi slew
1856 the Shechemites and
And hauen here ſiſter ðor i-wreken; spoiled the city.
folc of ſalem ðor-fore waſ ſlagen,
wiwes, and childre, and agte up-dragen;
Oc iacob ne wiſte it nogt,
Til ðat wreche to bale was wrogt, 1860 Jacob reproved
Simeon and Levi for
Oc michil he frigtede for-ði, their cruelty.
boðen ſymeon and leui.
"Broðer," quad he, "ðu and ðin trume Esau welcomes Jacob,
ben here in ðiſ place to me welcume;
Haue and bruc wel al ðin preſent,
ðat ðu to me bringeſt and haueſt ſent." 1832
Iacob was wo ðat he iſ for-ſoc,
And ſcroð him ſo(.) ðat ſum he ðor tok. accepts his present,
Here luue ðo wurð hol and ſchir,
And eſau ferde forð ðeden[189] to ſeyr; 1836 and departs unto Seir.
ðat newe burg waſ him to frame,
Mad and cald of iſ owen name.
Iacob fro ðeðen wente, ic wot, From thence Jacob
went to Succoth,
tgelt on a ſtede, and cald it[190] ſochot; 1840
fro ſochot ſiðen to ſichem,
And wune ðor-inne ſalem, and afterwards to
Shalem,
ðor him ſolde an lond kinge emor, where he bought a
1844 piece of land from
And he drog ðider and wunede ðor; Hamor.
wið newe alter wurðed he wel
ðe ſtrong god of yſrael.
Here his daughter
Hiſ dowter dina ðor miſ-dede, Dinah "mis-did."
ghe nam leueles fro ðat ſtede, 1848
To ſen de werld ðhugte hire god, [Fol. 36b.]
She went out to see the
ðat made hire ſiðen ſeri-mod, world.
for-liſtede hire owen red;
Sichem tok hire maiden-hed; 1852 Shechem took her
maidenhead.
Emor his fader, ſiðen for-ði,
And hiſ burge-folc fellen in wi;
Symeon and leui it bi-ſpeken, Simeon and Levi slew
1856 the Shechemites and
And hauen here ſiſter ðor i-wreken; spoiled the city.
folc of ſalem ðor-fore waſ ſlagen,
wiwes, and childre, and agte up-dragen;
Oc iacob ne wiſte it nogt,
Til ðat wreche to bale was wrogt, 1860 Jacob reproved
Simeon and Levi for
Oc michil he frigtede for-ði, their cruelty.
boðen ſymeon and leui.
Page 124
They durst not dwell
Henden ſichem ne durſten he wunen, longer at Shechem, but
went to Bethel.
ðat folkes kin god bad him ſunen, 1864
189]
ðeðen?
190]
caldit MS.
BENJAMIN IS BORN. RACHEL DIES.
And ðeden[191] faren to betel,
And he folgede iſ red on ſel;
Agte unclene ne wulde he beren, Their unclean goods
they bore not with
for he dredde him it ſulde him deren; 1868 them.
Godes ðat rachel hadde ſtolen,
And ay til ðan wið him for-holen,
And oðre ydeles brogt fro ſichem, Their idols and gold
1872 rings they buried
Gol prenes and ringeſ wið hem, under an oak.
Diep he iſ dalf under an ooc,
Made him non giſcing in herte wooc.
Longe it weren ðor for-hid; [Fol. 37.]
1876 Long they remained
Men ſeið for-ði waſ ſo bi-tid, buried, until Solomon
for ſalamon findin iſ ſal, found them and
And hiſ temple ſriðen wið-al. decked his temple with
them.
Iacob wente fro ðeden[192] in ſped,
God ſente on ðat erdfolc ſwilc dred, 1880 God sent a fear upon
the folk round about,
ðan[193] here non iacob ſcaðe ne dede; so they did no hurt to
Quane he wente a-wei fro ðat ſtede, the sons of Jacob.
He made an alter at betel, Jacob makes an altar at
1884 Bethel.
Alſ he god bi-het, ðor he geld wel.
Siðen ðo beniamin was boren, Benjamin is born.
Rachel adde ðe life for-loren; Rachel dies.
Iacob dalf hire and merke dede,
ðat iſ get ſene on ðat ſtede. 1888
Henden ſichem ne durſten he wunen, longer at Shechem, but
went to Bethel.
ðat folkes kin god bad him ſunen, 1864
189]
ðeðen?
190]
caldit MS.
BENJAMIN IS BORN. RACHEL DIES.
And ðeden[191] faren to betel,
And he folgede iſ red on ſel;
Agte unclene ne wulde he beren, Their unclean goods
they bore not with
for he dredde him it ſulde him deren; 1868 them.
Godes ðat rachel hadde ſtolen,
And ay til ðan wið him for-holen,
And oðre ydeles brogt fro ſichem, Their idols and gold
1872 rings they buried
Gol prenes and ringeſ wið hem, under an oak.
Diep he iſ dalf under an ooc,
Made him non giſcing in herte wooc.
Longe it weren ðor for-hid; [Fol. 37.]
1876 Long they remained
Men ſeið for-ði waſ ſo bi-tid, buried, until Solomon
for ſalamon findin iſ ſal, found them and
And hiſ temple ſriðen wið-al. decked his temple with
them.
Iacob wente fro ðeden[192] in ſped,
God ſente on ðat erdfolc ſwilc dred, 1880 God sent a fear upon
the folk round about,
ðan[193] here non iacob ſcaðe ne dede; so they did no hurt to
Quane he wente a-wei fro ðat ſtede, the sons of Jacob.
He made an alter at betel, Jacob makes an altar at
1884 Bethel.
Alſ he god bi-het, ðor he geld wel.
Siðen ðo beniamin was boren, Benjamin is born.
Rachel adde ðe life for-loren; Rachel dies.
Iacob dalf hire and merke dede,
ðat iſ get ſene on ðat ſtede. 1888
Page 125
At Edar Reuben
Ðor quiles he wunede at tur ader, "misdid" and lay with
his father's concubine.
Ruben miſdede wid[194] bala ðer.
Siðen cam iacob to ebron, Jacob arrives at
1892 Hebron, and finds his
And fond his moder of werlde gon; mother gone from this
Starf yſaac quan he waſ hold world.
.ix. ſcore ger and fiue told, Isaac dies at the age of
nine score years.
And was doluen on ðat ſtede,
ðor man adam and eue dede. 1896
So riche were growen hiſe ſunen,
ðat he ne migte to-gider wunen;
Oc eſau, ſeyr [and] edon Esau dwells in Edom,
Lond ydumeam wunede on; 1900
191]
ðeðen?
192]
ðeðen?
193]
ðat?
194]
wið?
JOSEPH IS HATED BY HIS BRETHREN.
Of edon ſo it higte ða, [Fol. 37b.]
for it was hoten ear bozra. which was before
called Bozra.
Hear haued [195]
moyſes ouer-gon,
ðor-fore he wended eft a-gon. 1904
xii. ger or yſaac waſ dead
Iacobes ſunes deden un-red; Jacob's sons did
wickedly.
Ðor quiles he wunede at tur ader, "misdid" and lay with
his father's concubine.
Ruben miſdede wid[194] bala ðer.
Siðen cam iacob to ebron, Jacob arrives at
1892 Hebron, and finds his
And fond his moder of werlde gon; mother gone from this
Starf yſaac quan he waſ hold world.
.ix. ſcore ger and fiue told, Isaac dies at the age of
nine score years.
And was doluen on ðat ſtede,
ðor man adam and eue dede. 1896
So riche were growen hiſe ſunen,
ðat he ne migte to-gider wunen;
Oc eſau, ſeyr [and] edon Esau dwells in Edom,
Lond ydumeam wunede on; 1900
191]
ðeðen?
192]
ðeðen?
193]
ðat?
194]
wið?
JOSEPH IS HATED BY HIS BRETHREN.
Of edon ſo it higte ða, [Fol. 37b.]
for it was hoten ear bozra. which was before
called Bozra.
Hear haued [195]
moyſes ouer-gon,
ðor-fore he wended eft a-gon. 1904
xii. ger or yſaac waſ dead
Iacobes ſunes deden un-red; Jacob's sons did
wickedly.
Page 126
Joseph was sixteen
FOr ſextene ger ioſeph was old, when sold into Egypt.
Quane he was in-to egipte ſold; 1908
He was iacobes gunkeſte ſune,
Joseph informed his
Bricteſt of waſpene,[196] and of witter wune, father of his brethren's
If he ſag hiſe breðere miſ-faren, misdeeds.
Hiſ fader he it gan vn-hillen & baren; 1912
He wulde ðat he ſulde hem ten
ðat he wel-ðewed ſulde ben;
for-ði wexem[197] wið gret nið His brethren envied
him on account of his
And hate, for it in ille [herte] lið. 1916
dreams.
ðo wex her hertes niðful & bold
Quanne he hem adde iſ dremeſ told,
ðat hiſ handful ſtod rigt up ſoren,
And here it leigen alle hem bi-foren; 1920 The vision of the sun,
moon, and eleven
And ſunne, & mone, & ſterres .xie.[198] stars.
wurðeden him wið frigti luue;
ðo ſeide hiſ fader, "hu mai ðis ſen
ðat ðu ſalt ðuſ wurðed ben, 1924
ðat ðine breðere, and ic, and ſhe Jacob reproached his
son, yet he believed it
ðat ðe bar, ſulen luten ðe?" should be so.
ðuſ he chidden hem bi-twen, [Fol. 38.]
ðoge ðhogte iacob ſiðe it ſulde ben. 1928
Hiſe breðere kepten at ſichem The sons of Jacob kept
flocks at Shechem.
Hirdneſſe, & iacob to ſen hem
ſente ioſeph to dalen ebron; Joseph was sent to see
1932 how they fared.
And he was redi his wil to don.
In ſichem feld ne fonde hem nogt,
In dotayin he fond hem ſogt; His brethren knew him
from afar,
He knewen him fro feren kumen,
195]
haueð?
196]
wasteme?
FOr ſextene ger ioſeph was old, when sold into Egypt.
Quane he was in-to egipte ſold; 1908
He was iacobes gunkeſte ſune,
Joseph informed his
Bricteſt of waſpene,[196] and of witter wune, father of his brethren's
If he ſag hiſe breðere miſ-faren, misdeeds.
Hiſ fader he it gan vn-hillen & baren; 1912
He wulde ðat he ſulde hem ten
ðat he wel-ðewed ſulde ben;
for-ði wexem[197] wið gret nið His brethren envied
him on account of his
And hate, for it in ille [herte] lið. 1916
dreams.
ðo wex her hertes niðful & bold
Quanne he hem adde iſ dremeſ told,
ðat hiſ handful ſtod rigt up ſoren,
And here it leigen alle hem bi-foren; 1920 The vision of the sun,
moon, and eleven
And ſunne, & mone, & ſterres .xie.[198] stars.
wurðeden him wið frigti luue;
ðo ſeide hiſ fader, "hu mai ðis ſen
ðat ðu ſalt ðuſ wurðed ben, 1924
ðat ðine breðere, and ic, and ſhe Jacob reproached his
son, yet he believed it
ðat ðe bar, ſulen luten ðe?" should be so.
ðuſ he chidden hem bi-twen, [Fol. 38.]
ðoge ðhogte iacob ſiðe it ſulde ben. 1928
Hiſe breðere kepten at ſichem The sons of Jacob kept
flocks at Shechem.
Hirdneſſe, & iacob to ſen hem
ſente ioſeph to dalen ebron; Joseph was sent to see
1932 how they fared.
And he was redi his wil to don.
In ſichem feld ne fonde hem nogt,
In dotayin he fond hem ſogt; His brethren knew him
from afar,
He knewen him fro feren kumen,
195]
haueð?
196]
wasteme?
Page 127
197]
So in MS.
198]
For endluue?
JOSEPH IS SOLD TO CHAPMEN,
Hate hem on ros, in herte numen; 1936
Swilc nið & hate roſ hem on,
He redden alle him for to ſlon. and took counsel to
slay him.
"Nai," quad ruben, "ſlo we him nogt,
Oðer ſinne may ben wrogt, 1940 Reuben advised them
to throw Joseph into
Quat-ſo him drempte ðor quiles he ſlep, an old and deep pit.
In ðiſ ðiſterneſſe,[199] old and dep,
Get wurðe[200] worpen naked and cold,
Quat-ſo hiſ dremeſ owen a-wold." 1944
ðiſ dede waſ don wid[201] herte ſor,
Ne wulde ruben nogt drechen ðor; Reuben left his
brethren to seek better
He gede and ſogte an oðer ſtede, pasture for his cattle.
Hiſ erue in bettre lewſe he dede; 1948
Vdas dor[202] quiles gaf hem red, Judah gave them bad
advice,
ðat was fulfilt of derne ſped;
fro galaad men wið chafare
Sag he ðor kumen wid ſpices ware; 1952
To-warde egipte he gunne ten. [Fol. 38b.]
Iudas tagte hu it ſulde ben,
Ioseph ſolde ðe breðere ten, and Joseph was sold
1956 for thirty pieces of
for .xxx. plates to ðe chapmen; silver.
Get waſt bettre he ðuſ waſ ſold,
dan[203] he ðor ſtorue in here wold.
Reuben came thither
Ðan ruben cam ðider a-gen, again and found
Joseph gone.
1960
to ðat ciſterneſſe[204] he ran to ſen;
He miſſed Ioseph and ðhogte ſwem,
So in MS.
198]
For endluue?
JOSEPH IS SOLD TO CHAPMEN,
Hate hem on ros, in herte numen; 1936
Swilc nið & hate roſ hem on,
He redden alle him for to ſlon. and took counsel to
slay him.
"Nai," quad ruben, "ſlo we him nogt,
Oðer ſinne may ben wrogt, 1940 Reuben advised them
to throw Joseph into
Quat-ſo him drempte ðor quiles he ſlep, an old and deep pit.
In ðiſ ðiſterneſſe,[199] old and dep,
Get wurðe[200] worpen naked and cold,
Quat-ſo hiſ dremeſ owen a-wold." 1944
ðiſ dede waſ don wid[201] herte ſor,
Ne wulde ruben nogt drechen ðor; Reuben left his
brethren to seek better
He gede and ſogte an oðer ſtede, pasture for his cattle.
Hiſ erue in bettre lewſe he dede; 1948
Vdas dor[202] quiles gaf hem red, Judah gave them bad
advice,
ðat was fulfilt of derne ſped;
fro galaad men wið chafare
Sag he ðor kumen wid ſpices ware; 1952
To-warde egipte he gunne ten. [Fol. 38b.]
Iudas tagte hu it ſulde ben,
Ioseph ſolde ðe breðere ten, and Joseph was sold
1956 for thirty pieces of
for .xxx. plates to ðe chapmen; silver.
Get waſt bettre he ðuſ waſ ſold,
dan[203] he ðor ſtorue in here wold.
Reuben came thither
Ðan ruben cam ðider a-gen, again and found
Joseph gone.
1960
to ðat ciſterneſſe[204] he ran to ſen;
He miſſed Ioseph and ðhogte ſwem,
Page 128
wende him ſlagen, ſet up an rem; Great was his outcry,
which did not cease
Nile he blinnen, ſwilc ſorwe he cliued, until he was assured
Til him he ſweren ðat he liued. 1964 that Joseph lived.
ðo nomen he ðe childes ſrud,
ðe iacob hadde mad im[205] in prud;
In kides blod he wenten it, Joseph's coat was dipt
1968 in kid's blood,
ðo waſ ðor-on an rewli lit.
Sondere men he it leiden on,
199]
cisterneſſe?
200]
he is inserted in the later hand.
201]
wið?
202]
ðor?
203]
ðan?
204]
MS. cifterneſſe.
205]
madim in MS.
WHO SELL HIM TO POTIPHAR, AN EGYPTIAN.
And ſenten it iacob in-to ebron, and sent to Jacob at
Hebron.
And ſhewed it him, and boden him ſen
If hiſ childes wede it migte ben; 1972
Senten him bode he funden it.
which did not cease
Nile he blinnen, ſwilc ſorwe he cliued, until he was assured
Til him he ſweren ðat he liued. 1964 that Joseph lived.
ðo nomen he ðe childes ſrud,
ðe iacob hadde mad im[205] in prud;
In kides blod he wenten it, Joseph's coat was dipt
1968 in kid's blood,
ðo waſ ðor-on an rewli lit.
Sondere men he it leiden on,
199]
cisterneſſe?
200]
he is inserted in the later hand.
201]
wið?
202]
ðor?
203]
ðan?
204]
MS. cifterneſſe.
205]
madim in MS.
WHO SELL HIM TO POTIPHAR, AN EGYPTIAN.
And ſenten it iacob in-to ebron, and sent to Jacob at
Hebron.
And ſhewed it him, and boden him ſen
If hiſ childes wede it migte ben; 1972
Senten him bode he funden it.
Page 129
ðo iacob ſag dat[206] ſori writ,
He gret, and ſeide ðat "wilde der "Evil beasts," said
1976 Jacob, "have
Hauen min ſune ſwolgen her." swallowed my son."
Hiſ cloðes rent, in haigre ſrid, Long was his
lamentation and
Long grot and ſorge is him bi-tid. sorrow.
His ſunes comen him to ſen, [Fol. 39.]
And hertedin him if it migte ben; 1980
"Nai! nai!" quat he, "helped it nogt, Jacob would not be
comforted for the loss
Mai non herting on me ben wrogt; of Joseph.
ic ſal ligten til helle dale,
And groten ðor min ſunes bale." 1984
(ðor was in helle a ſundri ſtede, In hell was a separate
abode where the
wor ðe ſeli folc reſte dede; righteous rested,
ðor he ſtunden til helpe cam,
Til ihesu crist fro ðeden[207] he nam.) 1988 till Christ took them
from thence.
ðe chapmen ſkiuden here fare,
In-to egipte ledden ðat ware; The merchants took
their ware to Egypt.
wið putifar ðe kinges ſtiward,
He maden ſwiðe bigetel forward, 1992
So michel fe ðor iſ hem told,
He hauen him bogt, he hauen ſold.
Potiphar bought
Putifar waſ wol riche man, Joseph.
And he bogte ioſeph al forðan 1996
He wulde don iſ lechur-hed He entertained impure
desires towards him,
wið ioseph, for hiſe faire-hed,
Oc he wurð ðo ſo kinde cold,
To don ſwilc dede adde he no wold; 2000
ſwilc ſelðe cam him fro a-buuen, but Joseph was
strengthened from
God dede it al for ioſeph luue[n]. above.
Biſſop in eliopoli[208]
Men ſeið he was ſiðen for-ði, 2004
206]
ðat?
He gret, and ſeide ðat "wilde der "Evil beasts," said
1976 Jacob, "have
Hauen min ſune ſwolgen her." swallowed my son."
Hiſ cloðes rent, in haigre ſrid, Long was his
lamentation and
Long grot and ſorge is him bi-tid. sorrow.
His ſunes comen him to ſen, [Fol. 39.]
And hertedin him if it migte ben; 1980
"Nai! nai!" quat he, "helped it nogt, Jacob would not be
comforted for the loss
Mai non herting on me ben wrogt; of Joseph.
ic ſal ligten til helle dale,
And groten ðor min ſunes bale." 1984
(ðor was in helle a ſundri ſtede, In hell was a separate
abode where the
wor ðe ſeli folc reſte dede; righteous rested,
ðor he ſtunden til helpe cam,
Til ihesu crist fro ðeden[207] he nam.) 1988 till Christ took them
from thence.
ðe chapmen ſkiuden here fare,
In-to egipte ledden ðat ware; The merchants took
their ware to Egypt.
wið putifar ðe kinges ſtiward,
He maden ſwiðe bigetel forward, 1992
So michel fe ðor iſ hem told,
He hauen him bogt, he hauen ſold.
Potiphar bought
Putifar waſ wol riche man, Joseph.
And he bogte ioſeph al forðan 1996
He wulde don iſ lechur-hed He entertained impure
desires towards him,
wið ioseph, for hiſe faire-hed,
Oc he wurð ðo ſo kinde cold,
To don ſwilc dede adde he no wold; 2000
ſwilc ſelðe cam him fro a-buuen, but Joseph was
strengthened from
God dede it al for ioſeph luue[n]. above.
Biſſop in eliopoli[208]
Men ſeið he was ſiðen for-ði, 2004
206]
ðat?
Page 130
207]
ðeðen?
208]
In [H]Eliopolis; the words are run together.
JOSEPH IS CAST INTO PRISON.
ðog had he ðo wif(.) and bi-foren [Fol. 39b.]
Childre of him bi-geten and of hire boren,
Oc after ðis it ſo bi-cam,
Ioseph iſ dowter to wiue nam. 2008
Potiphar loved Joseph
Putifar luuede ioſeph wel, well.
bi-tagte him hiſ huſ euerilc del,
And he wurðede riche man an heg,
vnder ioſeph hiſ welðe ðeg. 2012 His wealth prospered
under Joseph's care.
Hiſ wif wurð wilde, and nam in ðogt
vn-rigt-wiſ luue, and ſwanc for nogt, His wife sought to
lead Joseph astray.
One and ſtille ðogt hire gamen
wið ioſeph ſpeken and plaigen ſamen; 2016
Ghe bed him gold, and agte, and fe, For gold nor for
wealth of any kind
To maken him riche man and fre, would he "forget his
wið-ðhan ðat he wið here wile; chastity."
Oc him mislikede ðat ghe wile; 2020
for ſcrið, ne ðret, ne mai ghe bi-geten
for to don him chaſthed for-geten;
Often ghe ðrette, often ghe ſcroð, Neither threats nor
2024 intreaties prevailed.
Oc al it was him o-like loð.
An time he was at hire tgeld,
ðo ghe him his mentel for-held;
for he wið hire ne wulde ſpeken, Wherefore she sought
to be revenged upon
Ghe ðhenkeð on him for to ben wreken;2028 Joseph.
Sone ghe mai hire louerd[209] ſen,
Ghe god him bitterlike a-gen,
And ſeið ioſeph hire wulde don, [Fol. 40.]
2032 She accused him
falsely to Potiphar,
ðeðen?
208]
In [H]Eliopolis; the words are run together.
JOSEPH IS CAST INTO PRISON.
ðog had he ðo wif(.) and bi-foren [Fol. 39b.]
Childre of him bi-geten and of hire boren,
Oc after ðis it ſo bi-cam,
Ioseph iſ dowter to wiue nam. 2008
Potiphar loved Joseph
Putifar luuede ioſeph wel, well.
bi-tagte him hiſ huſ euerilc del,
And he wurðede riche man an heg,
vnder ioſeph hiſ welðe ðeg. 2012 His wealth prospered
under Joseph's care.
Hiſ wif wurð wilde, and nam in ðogt
vn-rigt-wiſ luue, and ſwanc for nogt, His wife sought to
lead Joseph astray.
One and ſtille ðogt hire gamen
wið ioſeph ſpeken and plaigen ſamen; 2016
Ghe bed him gold, and agte, and fe, For gold nor for
wealth of any kind
To maken him riche man and fre, would he "forget his
wið-ðhan ðat he wið here wile; chastity."
Oc him mislikede ðat ghe wile; 2020
for ſcrið, ne ðret, ne mai ghe bi-geten
for to don him chaſthed for-geten;
Often ghe ðrette, often ghe ſcroð, Neither threats nor
2024 intreaties prevailed.
Oc al it was him o-like loð.
An time he was at hire tgeld,
ðo ghe him his mentel for-held;
for he wið hire ne wulde ſpeken, Wherefore she sought
to be revenged upon
Ghe ðhenkeð on him for to ben wreken;2028 Joseph.
Sone ghe mai hire louerd[209] ſen,
Ghe god him bitterlike a-gen,
And ſeið ioſeph hire wulde don, [Fol. 40.]
2032 She accused him
falsely to Potiphar,
Page 131
ðat ghe ne migte him bringen on;
"ðiſ mentel ic wið-held for-ði,
To tawnen [ðe] ðe ſoðe her-bi."
ðe wite iſ hiſe(.) ðe right iſ hire,
God al-migtin ðe ſoðe ſhire. 2036
who, believing his
Pvtifar trewið hiſe wiwes tale, wife's tale,
And haued[210] dempt ioſep to bale;
He bad [him] ben ſperd faſt dun,
And holden harde in priſun. 2040 threw Joseph into
prison.
209]
MS. loruerd.
210]
? haueð.
HE INTERPRETS THE PRISONERS' DREAMS.
An litel ſtund, quile he waſ ðer,
So gan him luuen ðe priſuner, The gaoler loved
Joseph.
And him de[211] chartre haueð bi-tagt,
wið ðo priſunes to liuen in hagt. 2044 In this prison, either
for misdeed or bad
Or for miſdede, or for on-ſagen, words,
ðor woren to ðat priſun dragen,
On ðat ðe kingeſ kuppe bed, were placed the chief
2048 butler and baker.
And on ðe made ðe kingeſ bred;
Hem drempte dremes boðen onigt, Both dreamt dreams in
one night,
And he wurðen ſwiðe ſore o-frigt;
Ioſeph hem ſeruede ðor on ſel,
At here drink and at here mel, 2052
He herde hem murnen(.) he hem freinde for-quat; which caused them to
become very
Harde dremes ogen awold ðat. sorrowful.
ðo ſeide he to ðe butuler, Joseph inquired the
2056 reason of their grief.
"Tel me ðin drem, mi broðer her.
"ðiſ mentel ic wið-held for-ði,
To tawnen [ðe] ðe ſoðe her-bi."
ðe wite iſ hiſe(.) ðe right iſ hire,
God al-migtin ðe ſoðe ſhire. 2036
who, believing his
Pvtifar trewið hiſe wiwes tale, wife's tale,
And haued[210] dempt ioſep to bale;
He bad [him] ben ſperd faſt dun,
And holden harde in priſun. 2040 threw Joseph into
prison.
209]
MS. loruerd.
210]
? haueð.
HE INTERPRETS THE PRISONERS' DREAMS.
An litel ſtund, quile he waſ ðer,
So gan him luuen ðe priſuner, The gaoler loved
Joseph.
And him de[211] chartre haueð bi-tagt,
wið ðo priſunes to liuen in hagt. 2044 In this prison, either
for misdeed or bad
Or for miſdede, or for on-ſagen, words,
ðor woren to ðat priſun dragen,
On ðat ðe kingeſ kuppe bed, were placed the chief
2048 butler and baker.
And on ðe made ðe kingeſ bred;
Hem drempte dremes boðen onigt, Both dreamt dreams in
one night,
And he wurðen ſwiðe ſore o-frigt;
Ioſeph hem ſeruede ðor on ſel,
At here drink and at here mel, 2052
He herde hem murnen(.) he hem freinde for-quat; which caused them to
become very
Harde dremes ogen awold ðat. sorrowful.
ðo ſeide he to ðe butuler, Joseph inquired the
2056 reason of their grief.
"Tel me ðin drem, mi broðer her.
Page 132
Queðer-ſo it wurðe ſofte or ſtrong, [Fol. 40b.]
ðe reching wurð on god bi-long."
The butler's dream.
" M e drempte, ic ſtod at a win-tre,
ðat adde waxen buges ðre, 2060 A vine with three
branches
Oreſt it blomede, and ſiðen bar
ðe beries ripe wurð ic war; bore grapes;
ðe kinges [kuppe] ic hadde on hond,
ðe beries ðor-inne me ðhugte ic wrong,2064 the juice the butler
squeezed into
And bar it drinken to pharaon, Pharaoh's cup, and
Me drempte, alſ ic waſ wune to don." gave him to drink as
he was wont.
"Good it is," said
G
" ood is," quað Ioſeph, "to dremen of win, Joseph, "to dream of
wine.
heilneſſe an bliſſe iſ ðer-in; 2068
ðre daies ben get for to cumen, In three days thou
shalt be restored to thy
ðu ſalt ben ut of priſun numen, office,
And on ðin offiz ſet agen;
Of me ðu ðhenke ðan it ſal ben, 2072 then think of me and
bear my errand to
Bed min herdne to pharaon, Pharaoh,
ða[t] ic ut of prisun wurðe don,
for ic am ſtolen of kinde lond, for I am here
wrongfully held in
and her wrigteleſlike holden in bond." 2076 prison."
211]
ðe?
KING PHARAOH DREAMS A DREAM,
The "breadwright's"
Quað ðis bred-wrigte, "liðeð nu me, dream.
me drempte ic bar bread-lepes ðre,
And ðor-in bread and oðer meten,
Quilke ben wune ðe kinges to eten; 2080
And fugeles hauen ðor-on lagt, Fowls seized on the
baskets of bread
ðor-fore ic am in ſorge and hagt, intended for the king,
for ic ne migte me nogt weren, [Fol. 41.]
ðe reching wurð on god bi-long."
The butler's dream.
" M e drempte, ic ſtod at a win-tre,
ðat adde waxen buges ðre, 2060 A vine with three
branches
Oreſt it blomede, and ſiðen bar
ðe beries ripe wurð ic war; bore grapes;
ðe kinges [kuppe] ic hadde on hond,
ðe beries ðor-inne me ðhugte ic wrong,2064 the juice the butler
squeezed into
And bar it drinken to pharaon, Pharaoh's cup, and
Me drempte, alſ ic waſ wune to don." gave him to drink as
he was wont.
"Good it is," said
G
" ood is," quað Ioſeph, "to dremen of win, Joseph, "to dream of
wine.
heilneſſe an bliſſe iſ ðer-in; 2068
ðre daies ben get for to cumen, In three days thou
shalt be restored to thy
ðu ſalt ben ut of priſun numen, office,
And on ðin offiz ſet agen;
Of me ðu ðhenke ðan it ſal ben, 2072 then think of me and
bear my errand to
Bed min herdne to pharaon, Pharaoh,
ða[t] ic ut of prisun wurðe don,
for ic am ſtolen of kinde lond, for I am here
wrongfully held in
and her wrigteleſlike holden in bond." 2076 prison."
211]
ðe?
KING PHARAOH DREAMS A DREAM,
The "breadwright's"
Quað ðis bred-wrigte, "liðeð nu me, dream.
me drempte ic bar bread-lepes ðre,
And ðor-in bread and oðer meten,
Quilke ben wune ðe kinges to eten; 2080
And fugeles hauen ðor-on lagt, Fowls seized on the
baskets of bread
ðor-fore ic am in ſorge and hagt, intended for the king,
for ic ne migte me nogt weren, [Fol. 41.]
Page 133
Ne ðat mete fro hem beren." 2084 and he could not keep
the meat from them.
" M e wore leuere," quad Ioſeph,
"Of eddi dremes rechen ſwep;
ðu ſalt, after ðe ðridde dei, "In three days," said
2088 Joseph, "thou shalt be
ben do on rode, weila-wei! hanged, and fowls shall
And fugeles ſulen ði fleis to-teren, tear thy flesh in
ðat ſal non agte mugen ðe weren." pieces."
Soð wurð ſo ioſeph ſeide ðat,
ðis buteler Ioſeph ſone for-gat. 2092 The butler soon forgat
Joseph.
Two ger ſiðen was Ioſeph ſperd After two years,
ðor in priſun wið-uten erd;
Pharaoh dreamt a
Ðo drempte pharaon king a drem, dream.
ðat he ſtod bi ðe flodes ſtrem, 2096 He stood by the river,
and there came seven
And ðeden[212] ut-comen .vii. neet, "neat" fat and great,
Euerilc wel ſwiðe fet and gret, and seven lean after,
And .vii. lene after ðo,
ðe deden ðe .vii. fette wo, 2100
ðe lene hauen ðe fette freten; which ate up the fat
ones.
ðiſ drem ne mai ðe king for-geten.
An oðer drem cam him bi-foren,
.vii. eares wexen fette of coren, 2104 Seven full ears of corn
sprang up "on a rank
On an busk ranc and wel tidi, bush," and then came
And .vii. lene rigt ðor-bi, seven withered ears,
welkede, and ſmale, and drugte numen,
ðe ranc he hauen ðo ouer-cumen, 2108
To-ſamen it ſmiten and, on a ſtund, [Fol. 41b.]
which smote the others
ðe fette ðriſt hem to ðo grund. to the ground.
ðe king abraid and woc in ðhogt,
ðeſ dremes ſwep ne wot he nogt, 2112
212]
ðeðen?
WHICH IS INTERPRETED BY JOSEPH.
the meat from them.
" M e wore leuere," quad Ioſeph,
"Of eddi dremes rechen ſwep;
ðu ſalt, after ðe ðridde dei, "In three days," said
2088 Joseph, "thou shalt be
ben do on rode, weila-wei! hanged, and fowls shall
And fugeles ſulen ði fleis to-teren, tear thy flesh in
ðat ſal non agte mugen ðe weren." pieces."
Soð wurð ſo ioſeph ſeide ðat,
ðis buteler Ioſeph ſone for-gat. 2092 The butler soon forgat
Joseph.
Two ger ſiðen was Ioſeph ſperd After two years,
ðor in priſun wið-uten erd;
Pharaoh dreamt a
Ðo drempte pharaon king a drem, dream.
ðat he ſtod bi ðe flodes ſtrem, 2096 He stood by the river,
and there came seven
And ðeden[212] ut-comen .vii. neet, "neat" fat and great,
Euerilc wel ſwiðe fet and gret, and seven lean after,
And .vii. lene after ðo,
ðe deden ðe .vii. fette wo, 2100
ðe lene hauen ðe fette freten; which ate up the fat
ones.
ðiſ drem ne mai ðe king for-geten.
An oðer drem cam him bi-foren,
.vii. eares wexen fette of coren, 2104 Seven full ears of corn
sprang up "on a rank
On an busk ranc and wel tidi, bush," and then came
And .vii. lene rigt ðor-bi, seven withered ears,
welkede, and ſmale, and drugte numen,
ðe ranc he hauen ðo ouer-cumen, 2108
To-ſamen it ſmiten and, on a ſtund, [Fol. 41b.]
which smote the others
ðe fette ðriſt hem to ðo grund. to the ground.
ðe king abraid and woc in ðhogt,
ðeſ dremes ſwep ne wot he nogt, 2112
212]
ðeðen?
WHICH IS INTERPRETED BY JOSEPH.
Page 134
Ne was non ſo wis man in al hiſ lond, None were found able
to interpret the
ðe kude vn-don ðis dremes bond; dreams.
ðo him bi-ðhogte ðat buteler The butler bethought
2116 him of Joseph.
Of ðat him drempte in priſun ðer,
And of ioſeph in ðe priſun,
And he it tolde ðe king pharaun.
Ioſeph waſ ſone in priſun ðo hogt, Joseph is taken from
2120 prison,
And ſhauen, & clad, & to him brogt;
ðe king him bad ben hardi & bold, and brought before
Pharaoh,
If he can rechen ðis dremeſ wold;
He told him quat him drempte o nigt, who related to him his
2124 dreams.
And ioſep rechede his drem wel rigt.
"ðis two dremes boðen ben on, "The two dreams,"
answered Joseph, "are
God wile ðe tawnen, king pharaon; one."
ðo .vij. ger ben get to cumen,
In al fulſum-hed ſulen it ben numen, 2128 "Seven years of plenty
And .vij. oðere ſulen after ben,
Sori and nedful men ſulen iſ ſen; shall be followed by
seven years of famine.
Al ðat ðiſe firſt .vii. maken,
Sulen ðiſ oðere .vii. roſpen & raken; 2132
Ic rede ðe king, nu her bi-foren, I advise thee to make
barns and store up
To maken laðes and gaderen coren, corn, that thy folk
perish not."
ðat ðin folc ne wurð vnder-numen, [Fol. 42.]
Quan ðo hungri gere ben forð-cumen." 2136
King pharaon liſtnede hiſe red,
ðat wurð him ſiðen ſeli ſped.
He bi-tagte ioſep hiſ ring, Pharaoh gave Joseph
2140 his ring,
And his bege of gold for wurðing,
And bad him al hiſ lond bi-ſen, and bad him rule the
whole land.
And under him hegeſt for to ben,
And bad him welden in hiſ hond
His folc, and agte, & al his lond; 2144
ðo waſ vnder him ðanne putifar, Then were Potiphar
and his wife under
And hiſ wif ðat hem ſo to-bar. him.
Ioſep to wiue his dowter nam,
Oðer is nu quan ear bi-cam; 2148
to interpret the
ðe kude vn-don ðis dremes bond; dreams.
ðo him bi-ðhogte ðat buteler The butler bethought
2116 him of Joseph.
Of ðat him drempte in priſun ðer,
And of ioſeph in ðe priſun,
And he it tolde ðe king pharaun.
Ioſeph waſ ſone in priſun ðo hogt, Joseph is taken from
2120 prison,
And ſhauen, & clad, & to him brogt;
ðe king him bad ben hardi & bold, and brought before
Pharaoh,
If he can rechen ðis dremeſ wold;
He told him quat him drempte o nigt, who related to him his
2124 dreams.
And ioſep rechede his drem wel rigt.
"ðis two dremes boðen ben on, "The two dreams,"
answered Joseph, "are
God wile ðe tawnen, king pharaon; one."
ðo .vij. ger ben get to cumen,
In al fulſum-hed ſulen it ben numen, 2128 "Seven years of plenty
And .vij. oðere ſulen after ben,
Sori and nedful men ſulen iſ ſen; shall be followed by
seven years of famine.
Al ðat ðiſe firſt .vii. maken,
Sulen ðiſ oðere .vii. roſpen & raken; 2132
Ic rede ðe king, nu her bi-foren, I advise thee to make
barns and store up
To maken laðes and gaderen coren, corn, that thy folk
perish not."
ðat ðin folc ne wurð vnder-numen, [Fol. 42.]
Quan ðo hungri gere ben forð-cumen." 2136
King pharaon liſtnede hiſe red,
ðat wurð him ſiðen ſeli ſped.
He bi-tagte ioſep hiſ ring, Pharaoh gave Joseph
2140 his ring,
And his bege of gold for wurðing,
And bad him al hiſ lond bi-ſen, and bad him rule the
whole land.
And under him hegeſt for to ben,
And bad him welden in hiſ hond
His folc, and agte, & al his lond; 2144
ðo waſ vnder him ðanne putifar, Then were Potiphar
and his wife under
And hiſ wif ðat hem ſo to-bar. him.
Ioſep to wiue his dowter nam,
Oðer is nu quan ear bi-cam; 2148
Page 135
THE FAMINE IN EGYPT AND CANAAN.
And ghe ðer him two childer bar, Before the famine
came two sons were
Or men wurð of ðat hunger war, born to Joseph.
first manaſſen and effraym;
He luueden god, he geld it hem. 2152
ðe .vii. fulſum geres faren, The years of plenty
pass away.
Ioſep cuðe him bi-foren waren;
ðan coren wantede in oðer lond,
ðo ynug [was] vnder his hond. 2156
The famine was felt in
Hvnger wex in lond chanaan, Canaan.
And his .x. ſunes iacob for-ðan
Sente in-to egipt to bringen coren; Jacob sent his ten sons
to Egypt to buy corn.
He bilef at hom ðe was gungeſt boren. 2160
ðe .x. comen, for nede ſogt, [Fol. 42b.]
To Ioſep, and he ne knewen him nogt,
And ðog he lutten him frigtilike, Though they honoured
2164 Joseph,
Anð ſeiden to him mildelike,
"We ben ſondes for nede driuen
To bigen coren ðor-bi to liuen."
(Ioſep hem knew al in his ðhogt, yet he pretended not to
2168 know them.
Alſ he let he knew hem nogt.)
"It ſemet wel ðat ge ſpies ben,
And in-to ðiſ lond cumen to ſen, He accused them of
being spies.
And cume ge for non oðer ðing,
but for to ſpien ur lord ðe king." 2172
"Nai," he ſeiden euerilc on,
"Spies were we neuer non, They declared that
they were true men,
Oc alle we ben on faderes ſunen, the sons of one father.
For hunger doð es[213] hider cumen." 2176
"Oc nu ic wot ge ſpieſ ben,
for bi gure bering men mai it ſen;
"Only kings," said
Hu ſulde oni man[214] poure for-geten, Joseph, "had so many
ſwilke and ſo manige ſunes bigeten? 2180 sons."
for ſeldum bi-tid ſelf ani king
ſwilc men to ſen of hiſe ofſpring."
And ghe ðer him two childer bar, Before the famine
came two sons were
Or men wurð of ðat hunger war, born to Joseph.
first manaſſen and effraym;
He luueden god, he geld it hem. 2152
ðe .vii. fulſum geres faren, The years of plenty
pass away.
Ioſep cuðe him bi-foren waren;
ðan coren wantede in oðer lond,
ðo ynug [was] vnder his hond. 2156
The famine was felt in
Hvnger wex in lond chanaan, Canaan.
And his .x. ſunes iacob for-ðan
Sente in-to egipt to bringen coren; Jacob sent his ten sons
to Egypt to buy corn.
He bilef at hom ðe was gungeſt boren. 2160
ðe .x. comen, for nede ſogt, [Fol. 42b.]
To Ioſep, and he ne knewen him nogt,
And ðog he lutten him frigtilike, Though they honoured
2164 Joseph,
Anð ſeiden to him mildelike,
"We ben ſondes for nede driuen
To bigen coren ðor-bi to liuen."
(Ioſep hem knew al in his ðhogt, yet he pretended not to
2168 know them.
Alſ he let he knew hem nogt.)
"It ſemet wel ðat ge ſpies ben,
And in-to ðiſ lond cumen to ſen, He accused them of
being spies.
And cume ge for non oðer ðing,
but for to ſpien ur lord ðe king." 2172
"Nai," he ſeiden euerilc on,
"Spies were we neuer non, They declared that
they were true men,
Oc alle we ben on faderes ſunen, the sons of one father.
For hunger doð es[213] hider cumen." 2176
"Oc nu ic wot ge ſpieſ ben,
for bi gure bering men mai it ſen;
"Only kings," said
Hu ſulde oni man[214] poure for-geten, Joseph, "had so many
ſwilke and ſo manige ſunes bigeten? 2180 sons."
for ſeldum bi-tid ſelf ani king
ſwilc men to ſen of hiſe ofſpring."
Page 136
213]
doðes MS.
214]
MS. Hu suld sulde oninan.
JOSEPH'S HARSHNESS TO HIS BRETHREN.
"One," the brethren
" A louerd, merci! get iſ ðor on said, "is at home with
his father."
migt he nogt fro his fader gon; 2184
He iſ gungeſt, hoten beniamin,
for we ben alle of ebriſſe kin."
"Nu, bi ðe feið ic og to king pharaon, [Fol. 43.]
2188 Quoth Joseph, "Ye
ſule ge nogt alle eðen gon, shall not all go hence,
Til ge me bringen beniamin, until ye bring me
Benjamin."
ða gungeſte broðer of pore[215] kin."
For ðo waſ Ioſep ſore for-dred
ðat he wore oc ðhurg hem for-red; 2192
He dede hem binden, and leden dun,
And ſperen faſte in his priſun; He kept them in
prison, and on the third
ðe ðridde dai he let hem gon, day let them all go
Al but ðe ton broðer ſymeon; 2196 except Simeon.
ðiſ ſymeon bi-lef ðor in bond,
To wedde under Ioſepes hond.
ðes oðere breðere, ſone on-on,
Token leue and wenten hom; 2200
The others bemoaned
And ſone he weren ðeden[216] went, their ill-luck.
Wel ſore he hauen hem bi-ment,
And ſeiden hem ðan ðor bi-twen,
"Wrigtful we in ſorwe ben, 2204 They thought of their
sin towards Joseph.
for we ſinigeden quilum or
On hure broðer michil mor,
for we werneden him merci,
Nu drege we ſorge al for-ði." 2208
Wende here non it on hiſ mod,
Oc Ioſep al it under-ſtod.
doðes MS.
214]
MS. Hu suld sulde oninan.
JOSEPH'S HARSHNESS TO HIS BRETHREN.
"One," the brethren
" A louerd, merci! get iſ ðor on said, "is at home with
his father."
migt he nogt fro his fader gon; 2184
He iſ gungeſt, hoten beniamin,
for we ben alle of ebriſſe kin."
"Nu, bi ðe feið ic og to king pharaon, [Fol. 43.]
2188 Quoth Joseph, "Ye
ſule ge nogt alle eðen gon, shall not all go hence,
Til ge me bringen beniamin, until ye bring me
Benjamin."
ða gungeſte broðer of pore[215] kin."
For ðo waſ Ioſep ſore for-dred
ðat he wore oc ðhurg hem for-red; 2192
He dede hem binden, and leden dun,
And ſperen faſte in his priſun; He kept them in
prison, and on the third
ðe ðridde dai he let hem gon, day let them all go
Al but ðe ton broðer ſymeon; 2196 except Simeon.
ðiſ ſymeon bi-lef ðor in bond,
To wedde under Ioſepes hond.
ðes oðere breðere, ſone on-on,
Token leue and wenten hom; 2200
The others bemoaned
And ſone he weren ðeden[216] went, their ill-luck.
Wel ſore he hauen hem bi-ment,
And ſeiden hem ðan ðor bi-twen,
"Wrigtful we in ſorwe ben, 2204 They thought of their
sin towards Joseph.
for we ſinigeden quilum or
On hure broðer michil mor,
for we werneden him merci,
Nu drege we ſorge al for-ði." 2208
Wende here non it on hiſ mod,
Oc Ioſep al it under-ſtod.
Page 137
Joseph's men did,
Ioſepes men ðor quiles deden meanwhile, as they
were commanded,
Al-ſo Ioſep hem adde beden; 2212
ðo breðere ſeckes hauen he filt, [Fol. 43b.]
and filled the brothers'
And in euerilc ðe ſiluer pilt sacks, and placed in
ðat ðor was paid for ðe coren, them the money paid
And bunden ðe muðes ðor bi-foren; 2216 for the corn.
Oc ðe breðere ne wiſten it nogt
Hu ðis dede wurðe wrogt;
215]
gure?
216]
ðeðen?
BENJAMIN IS TAKEN TO EGYPT.
Oc alle he weren ouer-ðogt, Unopened they
2220 brought them to Jacob
And hauen it ſo to iacob brogt, and told him how they
And tolden him ſo of here ſped, had sped.
And al he it liſtnede in frigtihed;
And quan men ðo ſeckes ðor un-bond, Great was their fear
2224 when they saw the
And in ðe coren ðo agtes fond, money in the sack's
Alle he woren ðanne[217] ſori ofrigt. mouth.
Iacob ðus him bi-meneð o-rigt,
"Wel michel ſorge is me bi-cumen, "Much sorrow," says
Jacob, "is come upon
ðat min two childre aren me for-numen;2228 me,
Of Ioſep wot ic ending non, since my two children
are taken from me.
And bondes ben leid on ſymeon;
If ge beniamin fro me don,
Dead and ſorge me ſegeð on; 2232
Ai ſal beniamin wið me bi-lewen Benjamin shall remain
with me."
ðor quiles ic ſal on werlde liuen."
ðo quað iudas, "us ſal ben hard,
If we no[218] holden him non forward." 2236
Ioſepes men ðor quiles deden meanwhile, as they
were commanded,
Al-ſo Ioſep hem adde beden; 2212
ðo breðere ſeckes hauen he filt, [Fol. 43b.]
and filled the brothers'
And in euerilc ðe ſiluer pilt sacks, and placed in
ðat ðor was paid for ðe coren, them the money paid
And bunden ðe muðes ðor bi-foren; 2216 for the corn.
Oc ðe breðere ne wiſten it nogt
Hu ðis dede wurðe wrogt;
215]
gure?
216]
ðeðen?
BENJAMIN IS TAKEN TO EGYPT.
Oc alle he weren ouer-ðogt, Unopened they
2220 brought them to Jacob
And hauen it ſo to iacob brogt, and told him how they
And tolden him ſo of here ſped, had sped.
And al he it liſtnede in frigtihed;
And quan men ðo ſeckes ðor un-bond, Great was their fear
2224 when they saw the
And in ðe coren ðo agtes fond, money in the sack's
Alle he woren ðanne[217] ſori ofrigt. mouth.
Iacob ðus him bi-meneð o-rigt,
"Wel michel ſorge is me bi-cumen, "Much sorrow," says
Jacob, "is come upon
ðat min two childre aren me for-numen;2228 me,
Of Ioſep wot ic ending non, since my two children
are taken from me.
And bondes ben leid on ſymeon;
If ge beniamin fro me don,
Dead and ſorge me ſegeð on; 2232
Ai ſal beniamin wið me bi-lewen Benjamin shall remain
with me."
ðor quiles ic ſal on werlde liuen."
ðo quað iudas, "us ſal ben hard,
If we no[218] holden him non forward." 2236
Page 138
The corn is soon
Wex derke, [219]
ðis coren iſ gon, consumed, and Jacob
bids them go to Egypt
Iacob eſt[220] bit hem faren agon, for more.
Oc he ne duren ðe weie cumen in, [Fol. 44.]
"but ge wið uſ ſenden beniamin;" 2240
ðo quað he, "quan it iſ ned, Jacob is persuaded to
send Benjamin.
And ne can no bettre red,
Bereð dat[221] ſiluer hol agon, He sends back the
silver,
ðat hem ðor-of ne wante non, 2244
And oðer ſiluer ðor bi-foren, and other corn-money,
for to bigen wið oðer coren;
fruit and ſpices of dere priſ, together with a present
2248 of fruit and spices for
Bereð ðat man ðat iſ ſo wiſ; Joseph.
God hunne him eði-modes ben,
And ſende me min childre agen."
ðo nomen he forð weie rigt, The brethren come
2252 again to Egypt.
Til he ben cumen in-to egypte ligt;
And quanne Ioſep hem alle ſag, Joseph treats them
kindly,
Kinde ðogt in his herte was [ðag].
217]
MS. ðanno
218]
ne?
219]
derðe?
220]
eft?
221]
ðat?
JOSEPH'S INTERVIEW WITH HIS BRETHREN.
Wex derke, [219]
ðis coren iſ gon, consumed, and Jacob
bids them go to Egypt
Iacob eſt[220] bit hem faren agon, for more.
Oc he ne duren ðe weie cumen in, [Fol. 44.]
"but ge wið uſ ſenden beniamin;" 2240
ðo quað he, "quan it iſ ned, Jacob is persuaded to
send Benjamin.
And ne can no bettre red,
Bereð dat[221] ſiluer hol agon, He sends back the
silver,
ðat hem ðor-of ne wante non, 2244
And oðer ſiluer ðor bi-foren, and other corn-money,
for to bigen wið oðer coren;
fruit and ſpices of dere priſ, together with a present
2248 of fruit and spices for
Bereð ðat man ðat iſ ſo wiſ; Joseph.
God hunne him eði-modes ben,
And ſende me min childre agen."
ðo nomen he forð weie rigt, The brethren come
2252 again to Egypt.
Til he ben cumen in-to egypte ligt;
And quanne Ioſep hem alle ſag, Joseph treats them
kindly,
Kinde ðogt in his herte was [ðag].
217]
MS. ðanno
218]
ne?
219]
derðe?
220]
eft?
221]
ðat?
JOSEPH'S INTERVIEW WITH HIS BRETHREN.
Page 139
He bad hiſ ſtiward gerken iſ meten, and bids his steward
2256 prepare a feast for
He ſeide he ſulden wið him alle eten; them.
He ledde hem alle to Ioſepes biri,
Her non hadden ðo loten miri.
"Louerd," he ſeiden ðo euerilc on,
"Gur ſiluer iſ gu brogt a-gon, 2260 They tell Joseph that
they have brought
It was in ure ſeckes don, back the silver which
Ne wiſte ur non gilt ðor-on." they found in their
"Beð nu ſtille," quad ſtiward, sacks.
"for ic nu haue min forward." 2264
ðor cam ðat broðer ſymeon [Fol. 44b.]
Simeon was brought
And kiſte iſ breðere on and on; out unto them.
Wel fagen he was of here come,
for he was numen ðor to nome. 2268
It was vndren time or more, Joseph came home
about noon,
Om cam ðat riche louerd ðore;
And al ðo briðere, of frigti mod,
fellen bi-forn ðat louerd-iſ fot, 2272 and the brethren
offered him their
And bedden him riche preſent present.
ðat here fader hi[m] adde ſent;
And he leuelike it under-ſtod,
for alle he weren of kinde blod. 2276
He inquires after his
L
" Iueð," quad he, "ðat fader get, father.
ðat ðus manige ſunes bi-gat?"
"louerd," he ſeiden, "get he liueð, They answer that
2280 Jacob is well,
Wot ic ðor non ðat he ne biueð;
And ðiſ iſ gunge beniamin, and that Benjamin
stands before him.
Hider brogt after bode-word ðin."
ðo Iosep ſag him ðor bi-foren,
Bi fader & moder broðer boren, 2284
Him ouer-wente his herte on-on, Joseph was overcome.
Kinde luue gan him ouer-gon;
Sone he gede ut and ſtille he gret, He went out and wept
2288 secretly.
ðat al his wlite wurð teres wet.
After ðat grot, he weiſ iſ wliten, After a while he
returned to them and
And cam ðan in and bad hem eten bade them eat.
2256 prepare a feast for
He ſeide he ſulden wið him alle eten; them.
He ledde hem alle to Ioſepes biri,
Her non hadden ðo loten miri.
"Louerd," he ſeiden ðo euerilc on,
"Gur ſiluer iſ gu brogt a-gon, 2260 They tell Joseph that
they have brought
It was in ure ſeckes don, back the silver which
Ne wiſte ur non gilt ðor-on." they found in their
"Beð nu ſtille," quad ſtiward, sacks.
"for ic nu haue min forward." 2264
ðor cam ðat broðer ſymeon [Fol. 44b.]
Simeon was brought
And kiſte iſ breðere on and on; out unto them.
Wel fagen he was of here come,
for he was numen ðor to nome. 2268
It was vndren time or more, Joseph came home
about noon,
Om cam ðat riche louerd ðore;
And al ðo briðere, of frigti mod,
fellen bi-forn ðat louerd-iſ fot, 2272 and the brethren
offered him their
And bedden him riche preſent present.
ðat here fader hi[m] adde ſent;
And he leuelike it under-ſtod,
for alle he weren of kinde blod. 2276
He inquires after his
L
" Iueð," quad he, "ðat fader get, father.
ðat ðus manige ſunes bi-gat?"
"louerd," he ſeiden, "get he liueð, They answer that
2280 Jacob is well,
Wot ic ðor non ðat he ne biueð;
And ðiſ iſ gunge beniamin, and that Benjamin
stands before him.
Hider brogt after bode-word ðin."
ðo Iosep ſag him ðor bi-foren,
Bi fader & moder broðer boren, 2284
Him ouer-wente his herte on-on, Joseph was overcome.
Kinde luue gan him ouer-gon;
Sone he gede ut and ſtille he gret, He went out and wept
2288 secretly.
ðat al his wlite wurð teres wet.
After ðat grot, he weiſ iſ wliten, After a while he
returned to them and
And cam ðan in and bad hem eten bade them eat.
Page 140
THE BRETHREN ARE ACCUSED OF THEFT.
He dede hem waſſen and him bi-foren, [Fol. 45.]
2292 He made his brethren
And ſette hem aſ he weren boren; sit before him
Get he ðhogte of hiſ faderes wunes according to their age.
Hu he ſette at ðe mete hiſe ſunes;
Of euerilc ſonde, of euerilc win, Of meat and wine, the
2296 best he gave to
moſt and beſt he gaf beniamin. Benjamin.
In fulſum-hed he wurðen glaðe,[222]
Ioſep ne ðoht ðor-of no ſcaðe,
Oc it him likede ſwiðe wel,
And hem lerede and tagte wel, 2300 Joseph gave them
good counsel,
And hu he ſulden hem beſt leden,
Quene he comen in vnkinde ðeden;
"And al ðe bettre ſule ge ſpeden, and advised them to
2304 act truthfully.
If ge wilen gu wið treweiðe leden."
Eft on morwen quan it waſ dai, On the morrow they
depart.
Or or ðe breðere ferden a-wei,
Here ſeckes woren alle filt wið coren,
And ðe ſiluer ðor-in bi-foren; 2308
And ðe ſeck ðat agte beniamin Joseph's cup is hid in
Benjamin's sack.
Ioſepes cuppe hid was ðor-in;
And quuan he weren ut tune went,
Ioſep haueð hem after ſent. 2312
ðis ſonde hem ouertakeð raðe, Joseph's messenger
overtakes them,
And bi-calleð of harme and ſcaðe;
"Vn-ſeli men, quat haue ge don? and accuses them of
2316 theft.
Gret vn-ſelðehe iſ gu cumen on,
for iſ it nogt min lord for-holen, [Fol. 45b.]
ða[t] gure on haueð iſ cuppe ſtolen."
ð[o] ſeiden ðe breðere ſikerlike,
"Vp quam ðu it findes witterlike, 2320 The brethren assert
their innocence.
He ſlagen and we agen driuen
In-to ðraldom, euermor to liuen."
He gan hem ranſaken on and on, They are ransacked
2324 one by one,
And fond it ðor ſone a-non,
And nam ðo breðere euerilk on,
He dede hem waſſen and him bi-foren, [Fol. 45.]
2292 He made his brethren
And ſette hem aſ he weren boren; sit before him
Get he ðhogte of hiſ faderes wunes according to their age.
Hu he ſette at ðe mete hiſe ſunes;
Of euerilc ſonde, of euerilc win, Of meat and wine, the
2296 best he gave to
moſt and beſt he gaf beniamin. Benjamin.
In fulſum-hed he wurðen glaðe,[222]
Ioſep ne ðoht ðor-of no ſcaðe,
Oc it him likede ſwiðe wel,
And hem lerede and tagte wel, 2300 Joseph gave them
good counsel,
And hu he ſulden hem beſt leden,
Quene he comen in vnkinde ðeden;
"And al ðe bettre ſule ge ſpeden, and advised them to
2304 act truthfully.
If ge wilen gu wið treweiðe leden."
Eft on morwen quan it waſ dai, On the morrow they
depart.
Or or ðe breðere ferden a-wei,
Here ſeckes woren alle filt wið coren,
And ðe ſiluer ðor-in bi-foren; 2308
And ðe ſeck ðat agte beniamin Joseph's cup is hid in
Benjamin's sack.
Ioſepes cuppe hid was ðor-in;
And quuan he weren ut tune went,
Ioſep haueð hem after ſent. 2312
ðis ſonde hem ouertakeð raðe, Joseph's messenger
overtakes them,
And bi-calleð of harme and ſcaðe;
"Vn-ſeli men, quat haue ge don? and accuses them of
2316 theft.
Gret vn-ſelðehe iſ gu cumen on,
for iſ it nogt min lord for-holen, [Fol. 45b.]
ða[t] gure on haueð iſ cuppe ſtolen."
ð[o] ſeiden ðe breðere ſikerlike,
"Vp quam ðu it findes witterlike, 2320 The brethren assert
their innocence.
He ſlagen and we agen driuen
In-to ðraldom, euermor to liuen."
He gan hem ranſaken on and on, They are ransacked
2324 one by one,
And fond it ðor ſone a-non,
And nam ðo breðere euerilk on,
Page 141
And ledde hem ſorful a-gon,
222]
= glade.
JOSEPH MAKES HIMSELF KNOWN TO HIS BRETHREN.
And brogte hem bi-for ioſep and brought before
Joseph,
Wid reweli lote, and ſorwe, and wep. 2328
ðo quat ioſep, "ne wiſte ge nogt
ðat ic am o wol witter ðogt? who reproaches them
for their crime.
Mai nogt longe me ben for-holen
Quat-ſo-euere on londe wurð ſtolen." 2332
"Louerd!" quad Iudas, "do wið me Judah tells Joseph of
his promise to his
Quat-ſo ði wille on werlde be, father.
Wið-ðan-ðat ðu friðe beniamin;
ic ledde [him] ut on trewthe min, 2336
ðat he ſulde ef[223] cumen a-gen
to hiſe fader, and wið him ben."
ðo cam ioſep ſwilc rewðe up-on, Joseph commands all,
2340 except his brethren, to
he dede halle ut ðe toðere gon, leave him, and makes
And ſpac un-eðes, ſo e gret, himself known to
ðat alle hiſe wlite wurð tereſ wet. them.
"Ic am ioſep, dredeð gu nogt, [Fol. 46.]
for gure helðe or hider brogt; 2344
Two ger ben nu ðat derke[224] iſ cumen,
Get ſulen .v. fulle ben numen,
ðat men ne ſulen ſowen ne ſheren,
So ſal drugte ðe feldes deren. 2348
Rapeð gu to min fader a-gen, Tells them to hasten to
his father,
And ſeið him quilke min bliſſes ben,
And doð him to me cumen hider,
And ge and gure orf al to-gider; 2352 and return with their
cattle to Egypt.
Of lewſe god in lond gerſen
ſulen ge ſundri riche ben."
Euerilc he kiſte, on ilc he gret,
Ilc here was of iſ teres wet. 2356
222]
= glade.
JOSEPH MAKES HIMSELF KNOWN TO HIS BRETHREN.
And brogte hem bi-for ioſep and brought before
Joseph,
Wid reweli lote, and ſorwe, and wep. 2328
ðo quat ioſep, "ne wiſte ge nogt
ðat ic am o wol witter ðogt? who reproaches them
for their crime.
Mai nogt longe me ben for-holen
Quat-ſo-euere on londe wurð ſtolen." 2332
"Louerd!" quad Iudas, "do wið me Judah tells Joseph of
his promise to his
Quat-ſo ði wille on werlde be, father.
Wið-ðan-ðat ðu friðe beniamin;
ic ledde [him] ut on trewthe min, 2336
ðat he ſulde ef[223] cumen a-gen
to hiſe fader, and wið him ben."
ðo cam ioſep ſwilc rewðe up-on, Joseph commands all,
2340 except his brethren, to
he dede halle ut ðe toðere gon, leave him, and makes
And ſpac un-eðes, ſo e gret, himself known to
ðat alle hiſe wlite wurð tereſ wet. them.
"Ic am ioſep, dredeð gu nogt, [Fol. 46.]
for gure helðe or hider brogt; 2344
Two ger ben nu ðat derke[224] iſ cumen,
Get ſulen .v. fulle ben numen,
ðat men ne ſulen ſowen ne ſheren,
So ſal drugte ðe feldes deren. 2348
Rapeð gu to min fader a-gen, Tells them to hasten to
his father,
And ſeið him quilke min bliſſes ben,
And doð him to me cumen hider,
And ge and gure orf al to-gider; 2352 and return with their
cattle to Egypt.
Of lewſe god in lond gerſen
ſulen ge ſundri riche ben."
Euerilc he kiſte, on ilc he gret,
Ilc here was of iſ teres wet. 2356
Page 142
Soon did Pharaoh
Sone it was king pharaon kid learn the new tidings.
Hu ðis newe tiding wurð bi-tid;
And he was bliðe, in herte fagen,
ðat Ioſep wulde him ðider dragen, 2360
for luue of Ioſep migte he timen.
He bad cartes and waines nimen, He bad them take carts
and
223]
eft?
224]
derðe?
JACOB AND HIS FAMILY GO INTO EGYPT.
And fechen wiues, and childre, and men, wains and fetch their
2364 wives and children.
And gaf hem ðor al lond gerſen,
And het hem ðat he ſulden hauen
More and bet ðan he kude crauen.
Ioſep gaf ilc here twinne ſrud, Joseph gave them
2368 changes of raiment.
Beniamin moſt he[225] made prud;
fif weden beſt bar beniamin, [Fol. 46b.]
ðre hundred plates of ſiluer fin,
Al-ſo fele oðre ðor-til,
He bad ben in is faderes wil, 2372 He bad them take
presents for Jacob,
And .x. aſſes wið ſemes feſt;
Of alle egiptes welðhe beſt
Gaf he iſ breðere, wið herte bliðe,
And bad hem rapen hem homward ſwiðe; 2376 and hasten homeward.
And he ſo deden wið herte fagen.
Toward here fader he gunen dragen,
And quane he comen him bi-foren, When they came
2380 home, Jacob scarcely
Ne wiſte he nogt quat he woren. recognized them.
"Louerd," he ſeiden, "iſrael, "Lord Israel," they
said, "Joseph liveth
Ioſep ðin ſune greteð ðe wel,
Sone it was king pharaon kid learn the new tidings.
Hu ðis newe tiding wurð bi-tid;
And he was bliðe, in herte fagen,
ðat Ioſep wulde him ðider dragen, 2360
for luue of Ioſep migte he timen.
He bad cartes and waines nimen, He bad them take carts
and
223]
eft?
224]
derðe?
JACOB AND HIS FAMILY GO INTO EGYPT.
And fechen wiues, and childre, and men, wains and fetch their
2364 wives and children.
And gaf hem ðor al lond gerſen,
And het hem ðat he ſulden hauen
More and bet ðan he kude crauen.
Ioſep gaf ilc here twinne ſrud, Joseph gave them
2368 changes of raiment.
Beniamin moſt he[225] made prud;
fif weden beſt bar beniamin, [Fol. 46b.]
ðre hundred plates of ſiluer fin,
Al-ſo fele oðre ðor-til,
He bad ben in is faderes wil, 2372 He bad them take
presents for Jacob,
And .x. aſſes wið ſemes feſt;
Of alle egiptes welðhe beſt
Gaf he iſ breðere, wið herte bliðe,
And bad hem rapen hem homward ſwiðe; 2376 and hasten homeward.
And he ſo deden wið herte fagen.
Toward here fader he gunen dragen,
And quane he comen him bi-foren, When they came
2380 home, Jacob scarcely
Ne wiſte he nogt quat he woren. recognized them.
"Louerd," he ſeiden, "iſrael, "Lord Israel," they
said, "Joseph liveth
Ioſep ðin ſune greteð ðe wel,
Page 143
And ſendeð ðe bode ðat he liueð, and greeteth thee
2384 well."
Al egipte in hiſ wil cliueð."
Iacob a-braid, and trewed it nogt, Jacob believed not till
he saw the presents.
Til he ſag al ðat welðe brogt.
"Wel me," quað he, "wel iſ me wel,
ðat ic aue abiden ðuſ ſwil[c] ſel! 2388
And ic ſal to min ſune fare Then he said, "I shall
go to my son ere I turn
And ſen, or ic of werlde chare." from the world."
[I]Acob wente ut of lond chanaan, Jacob and his family
2392 left Canaan.
And of iſ kinde wel manie a man;
Ioſep wel faire him vnder-ſtod,
And pharaon ðogte it ful good;
for ðat he weren hirde-men, [Fol. 47.]
He bad hem ben in lond gerſen. 2396 Pharaoh gives them
the land of Goshen to
Iacob waſ brogt bi-foren ðe king live in. Jacob is
for to geuen him hiſ bliſcing. brought before
Pharaoh,
225]
MS. be.
THEY DWELL IN THE LAND OF GOSHEN.
"fader derer," quað pharaon,
"hu fele ger be ðe on?" 2400
"An hundred ger and .xxx. mo and tells him of his
age,
Haue ic her drogen in werlde wo,
ðog ðinkeð me ðor-offen fo,
ðog ic iſ haue drogen in wo, 2404 of his many sorrows,
ſiðen ic gan on werlde ben,
Her vten erd, man-kin bi-twen;
So ðinked[226] euerilc wiſ man,
ðe wot quor-of man-kin bi-gan, 2408 and how all suffer for
the sin of Adam.
And ðe of adames gilte muneð,
ðat he her uten herdes wuneð."
Pharaoh bad him rest
Pharaon bad him wurðen wel in peace.
2384 well."
Al egipte in hiſ wil cliueð."
Iacob a-braid, and trewed it nogt, Jacob believed not till
he saw the presents.
Til he ſag al ðat welðe brogt.
"Wel me," quað he, "wel iſ me wel,
ðat ic aue abiden ðuſ ſwil[c] ſel! 2388
And ic ſal to min ſune fare Then he said, "I shall
go to my son ere I turn
And ſen, or ic of werlde chare." from the world."
[I]Acob wente ut of lond chanaan, Jacob and his family
2392 left Canaan.
And of iſ kinde wel manie a man;
Ioſep wel faire him vnder-ſtod,
And pharaon ðogte it ful good;
for ðat he weren hirde-men, [Fol. 47.]
He bad hem ben in lond gerſen. 2396 Pharaoh gives them
the land of Goshen to
Iacob waſ brogt bi-foren ðe king live in. Jacob is
for to geuen him hiſ bliſcing. brought before
Pharaoh,
225]
MS. be.
THEY DWELL IN THE LAND OF GOSHEN.
"fader derer," quað pharaon,
"hu fele ger be ðe on?" 2400
"An hundred ger and .xxx. mo and tells him of his
age,
Haue ic her drogen in werlde wo,
ðog ðinkeð me ðor-offen fo,
ðog ic iſ haue drogen in wo, 2404 of his many sorrows,
ſiðen ic gan on werlde ben,
Her vten erd, man-kin bi-twen;
So ðinked[226] euerilc wiſ man,
ðe wot quor-of man-kin bi-gan, 2408 and how all suffer for
the sin of Adam.
And ðe of adames gilte muneð,
ðat he her uten herdes wuneð."
Pharaoh bad him rest
Pharaon bad him wurðen wel in peace.
Page 144
in ſofte reſte and ſeli mel; 2412
He and hiſe ſunes in reſte dede
In lond gerſen, on ſundri ſtede;
Siðen ðor waſ mad on ſcité,
ðe waſ y-oten Rameſé. 2416
Iacob on liue wunede ðor Jacob lived one
hundred and forty-four
In reſte fulle .xiiij. ger; years.
And god him let bi-foren ſen God showed him the
2420 time of his death.
Quilc time hiſe ending ſulde ben;
He bad ioſep hiſe leue ſune, [Fol. 47b.]
Jacob bad Joseph
On ðhing ðat[227] offe wel mune, promise
ðat quan it wurð mid him don,
He ſulde him birien in ebron; 2424 to bury him in Hebron,
And witterlike he it aueð him ſeid,
ðe ſtede ðor abraham was leid; where Abraham was
laid,
So was him lif[228] to wurðen leid,
Quuor ali gast ſtille hadde ſeid 2428
Him and hiſe eldere(.) fer ear bi-foren, and his elders before
him.
Quuor ieſu criſt wulde ben boren,
And quuor ben dead, and quuor ben grauen;
He ðogt wið hem reſte to hauen. 2432
Ioſep ſwor him al-ſo he bad, Joseph swore to do as
his father wished.
And he ðor-of wurð bliðe & glad.
226]
ðinkeð?
227]
ðar?
228]
ef?
THE DEATH OF JACOB.
Or ðan he wiſte off werlde faren, Before he died Jacob
called his sons before
He and hiſe ſunes in reſte dede
In lond gerſen, on ſundri ſtede;
Siðen ðor waſ mad on ſcité,
ðe waſ y-oten Rameſé. 2416
Iacob on liue wunede ðor Jacob lived one
hundred and forty-four
In reſte fulle .xiiij. ger; years.
And god him let bi-foren ſen God showed him the
2420 time of his death.
Quilc time hiſe ending ſulde ben;
He bad ioſep hiſe leue ſune, [Fol. 47b.]
Jacob bad Joseph
On ðhing ðat[227] offe wel mune, promise
ðat quan it wurð mid him don,
He ſulde him birien in ebron; 2424 to bury him in Hebron,
And witterlike he it aueð him ſeid,
ðe ſtede ðor abraham was leid; where Abraham was
laid,
So was him lif[228] to wurðen leid,
Quuor ali gast ſtille hadde ſeid 2428
Him and hiſe eldere(.) fer ear bi-foren, and his elders before
him.
Quuor ieſu criſt wulde ben boren,
And quuor ben dead, and quuor ben grauen;
He ðogt wið hem reſte to hauen. 2432
Ioſep ſwor him al-ſo he bad, Joseph swore to do as
his father wished.
And he ðor-of wurð bliðe & glad.
226]
ðinkeð?
227]
ðar?
228]
ef?
THE DEATH OF JACOB.
Or ðan he wiſte off werlde faren, Before he died Jacob
called his sons before
Page 145
He bade hiſe kinde to him charen, 2436 him, and "said what of
them should be."
And ſeide quat of hem ſulde ben,
Hali gaſt dede it him ſeen;
In clene ending and ali lif,
So he for-let ðis werldes ſtrif. 2440
[I]Oſep dede hiſe lich faire geren, Joseph caused his
father's body to be
Waſſen, and riche-like ſmeren, embalmed.
And ſpice-like ſwete ſmaken;
And egipte folc him bi-waken 2444 Egypt's folk
"bewaked" Jacob for
xl. nigtes and .xl. daiges, forty nights and forty
ſwilc woren egipte lages. days.
first .ix. nigt ðe liches beðen, [Fol. 48.]
2448 The first nine nights
And ſmeren, and winden, and bi-queðen, they bathe, anoint,
And waken iſ ſiðen .xl. nigt; etc., the body.
ðo men ſo deden ðe adden migt.
And ebriſſe folc adden an kire, The Hebrews had a
2452 different custom;
Nogt ſone deluen it wið yre,
Oc waſſen it and kepen it rigt, they wash the body,
Wið-vten ſmerles, ſeuene nigt, and keep it unanointed
for seven nights.
And ſiden[229] ſmered .xxx. daiges.
Criſtene folc haueð oðer laiges, 2456
He ben ſmered ðor quiles he liuen,
Wið criſme and olie, in trewðe geuen; Christian folks are
anointed with chrism
for trewðe and gode dedes mide, and oil in their life-
ðon[230] ben ðan al ðat wech-dede; 2460 time.
Sum .on. ſum .ðre. sum .vii. nigt,
Sum .xxx., ſum .xii. moneð rigt;
And ſum euerilc wurðen ger,
ðor quiles ðat he wunen her, 2464
don for ðe dede chirche-gong, For the dead they
perform alms-gift and
elmeſſe-gifte, and meſſe-ſong, mass-song.
And ðat iſ on ðe weches ſtede;
Wel him mai ben dat[231] wel it dede! 2468
Egipte folc aueð him waked Jacob's sons kept a
"wake" of thirty days.
xl. nigt, and feſte maked,
229]
them should be."
And ſeide quat of hem ſulde ben,
Hali gaſt dede it him ſeen;
In clene ending and ali lif,
So he for-let ðis werldes ſtrif. 2440
[I]Oſep dede hiſe lich faire geren, Joseph caused his
father's body to be
Waſſen, and riche-like ſmeren, embalmed.
And ſpice-like ſwete ſmaken;
And egipte folc him bi-waken 2444 Egypt's folk
"bewaked" Jacob for
xl. nigtes and .xl. daiges, forty nights and forty
ſwilc woren egipte lages. days.
first .ix. nigt ðe liches beðen, [Fol. 48.]
2448 The first nine nights
And ſmeren, and winden, and bi-queðen, they bathe, anoint,
And waken iſ ſiðen .xl. nigt; etc., the body.
ðo men ſo deden ðe adden migt.
And ebriſſe folc adden an kire, The Hebrews had a
2452 different custom;
Nogt ſone deluen it wið yre,
Oc waſſen it and kepen it rigt, they wash the body,
Wið-vten ſmerles, ſeuene nigt, and keep it unanointed
for seven nights.
And ſiden[229] ſmered .xxx. daiges.
Criſtene folc haueð oðer laiges, 2456
He ben ſmered ðor quiles he liuen,
Wið criſme and olie, in trewðe geuen; Christian folks are
anointed with chrism
for trewðe and gode dedes mide, and oil in their life-
ðon[230] ben ðan al ðat wech-dede; 2460 time.
Sum .on. ſum .ðre. sum .vii. nigt,
Sum .xxx., ſum .xii. moneð rigt;
And ſum euerilc wurðen ger,
ðor quiles ðat he wunen her, 2464
don for ðe dede chirche-gong, For the dead they
perform alms-gift and
elmeſſe-gifte, and meſſe-ſong, mass-song.
And ðat iſ on ðe weches ſtede;
Wel him mai ben dat[231] wel it dede! 2468
Egipte folc aueð him waked Jacob's sons kept a
"wake" of thirty days.
xl. nigt, and feſte maked,
229]
Page 146
ſiðen?
230]
don?
231]
ðat?
HE IS BURIED IN HEBRON.
And hiſe ſunes .xxx. daiges,
In clene lif and ali daiges;[232] 2472
So woren forð .x. wukes gon, [Fol. 48b.]
So ten weeks passed
get adde Iacob birigeles non. away and Jacob had no
And pharaon king cam bode bi-foren, burial.
ðat Ioſep haueð his fader ſworen; 2476 Pharaoh heard of
Joseph's oath to his
And he it him gatte ðor he wel dede, father,
And bad him nimen him feres mide, and gave him leave to
bury his father, and to
Wel wopnede men and wiſ of here[n], take with him
2480
dat[233] noman hem bi weie deren; "weaponed" men.
ðat bere iſ led, ðiſ folc iſ rad,
he foren a-buten bi adad;
ful ſeuene nigt he ðer abiden,
And bi-mening for iacob deden; 2484
So longe he hauen ðeðen numen,
To flum iurdon ðat he ben cumen, They crossed the
Jordan, and laid the
And ouer pharan til ebron; body in a tomb, and
ðor iſ ðat liche in biriele don, 2488 Joseph returned to
And Ioſep in-to egipte went, Egypt.
Wid[234] al iſ folc ut wið him ſent.
His brethren came to
Hiſe breðere comen him ðanne to, him to seek
forgiveness,
And gunnen him bi-ſeken alle ſo; 2492
"Vre fader," he ſeiden, "or he was dead,
Vs he ðiſ bodewurd ſeigen bead,
Hure ſinne ðu him for-giue,
Wið-ðanne-ðat we vnder ðe liuen." 2496
230]
don?
231]
ðat?
HE IS BURIED IN HEBRON.
And hiſe ſunes .xxx. daiges,
In clene lif and ali daiges;[232] 2472
So woren forð .x. wukes gon, [Fol. 48b.]
So ten weeks passed
get adde Iacob birigeles non. away and Jacob had no
And pharaon king cam bode bi-foren, burial.
ðat Ioſep haueð his fader ſworen; 2476 Pharaoh heard of
Joseph's oath to his
And he it him gatte ðor he wel dede, father,
And bad him nimen him feres mide, and gave him leave to
bury his father, and to
Wel wopnede men and wiſ of here[n], take with him
2480
dat[233] noman hem bi weie deren; "weaponed" men.
ðat bere iſ led, ðiſ folc iſ rad,
he foren a-buten bi adad;
ful ſeuene nigt he ðer abiden,
And bi-mening for iacob deden; 2484
So longe he hauen ðeðen numen,
To flum iurdon ðat he ben cumen, They crossed the
Jordan, and laid the
And ouer pharan til ebron; body in a tomb, and
ðor iſ ðat liche in biriele don, 2488 Joseph returned to
And Ioſep in-to egipte went, Egypt.
Wid[234] al iſ folc ut wið him ſent.
His brethren came to
Hiſe breðere comen him ðanne to, him to seek
forgiveness,
And gunnen him bi-ſeken alle ſo; 2492
"Vre fader," he ſeiden, "or he was dead,
Vs he ðiſ bodewurd ſeigen bead,
Hure ſinne ðu him for-giue,
Wið-ðanne-ðat we vnder ðe liuen." 2496
Page 147
Alle he fellen him ðor to fot, and fell down there
before his feet, and he
To beðen meðe and bedden oc; forgave and loved
them kindly.
[Fol. 49.]
And he it for-gaf[235] hem mildelike,
And luuede hem alle kinde-like. 2500
[I]Oſep an hundred ger waſ hold, Joseph waxed old;
And hiſ kin wexen manige-fold;
He bad ſibbe cumen him bi-foren, he bad his relations
2504 come before him ere
Or he waſ ut of werlde boren; he died,
232]
aiges?
233]
ðat?
234]
wið?
235]
At the bottom of fol. 48b is the catchword—"And he it for-gaff."
THE DEATH OF JOSEPH.
"It ſal," quað he, "ben ſoð, bi-foren
ðat god hað ure eldere ſworen; and told them of God's
promise to their elders.
He ſal gu leden in hiſ hond
Heðen to ðat hotene lond; 2508
for godeſ luue get bid ic gu,
Leſted it ðanne, hoteð it nu,
ðat mine bene ne be for-loren, He asks them to bear
2512 his bones with them,
wið gu ben mine bones boren." when they leave
He it him gatten and wurð he dead, Egypt.
God do ðe ſoule ſeli red!
Hiſe liche waſ ſpice-like maked, The death of Joseph.
2516
before his feet, and he
To beðen meðe and bedden oc; forgave and loved
them kindly.
[Fol. 49.]
And he it for-gaf[235] hem mildelike,
And luuede hem alle kinde-like. 2500
[I]Oſep an hundred ger waſ hold, Joseph waxed old;
And hiſ kin wexen manige-fold;
He bad ſibbe cumen him bi-foren, he bad his relations
2504 come before him ere
Or he waſ ut of werlde boren; he died,
232]
aiges?
233]
ðat?
234]
wið?
235]
At the bottom of fol. 48b is the catchword—"And he it for-gaff."
THE DEATH OF JOSEPH.
"It ſal," quað he, "ben ſoð, bi-foren
ðat god hað ure eldere ſworen; and told them of God's
promise to their elders.
He ſal gu leden in hiſ hond
Heðen to ðat hotene lond; 2508
for godeſ luue get bid ic gu,
Leſted it ðanne, hoteð it nu,
ðat mine bene ne be for-loren, He asks them to bear
2512 his bones with them,
wið gu ben mine bones boren." when they leave
He it him gatten and wurð he dead, Egypt.
God do ðe ſoule ſeli red!
Hiſe liche waſ ſpice-like maked, The death of Joseph.
2516
Page 148
And longe egipte-like waked,
And ðo biried hem bi-foren,
And ſiðen late of londe boren.
Hiſe oðre breðere, on and on,
Woren ybiried at ebron. 2520
An her endede to ful, in wiſ, Here endeth the book
called Genesis, written
ðe boc ðe iſ hoten geneſis, by Moses, through
ðe moyſes, ðurg godes red, God's counsel.
Wrot for lefful ſoules ned. 2524
God ſchilde hiſe ſowle fro helle bale, [Fol. 49b.]
God shield his soul
ðe made it ðus on engel tale! from hell-bale, who
And he ðat ðiſe lettres wrot, translated it into
English!
God him helpe weli mot, 2528 May God help and
protect him from hell-
And berge iſ ſowle fro ſorge & grot pain, cold and hot!
Of helle pine, cold & hot!
And alle men, ðe it heren wilen,[236]
God leue hem in hiſ bliſſe ſpilen 2532 And all men who will
hear it, God grant that
Among engeles & ſeli men, they may dwell in
Wiðuten ende in reſte ben, bliss among angels for
And luue & pais uſ bi-twen, ever!
And god ſo graunte, amen, ameN! 2536
236]
MS. welin.
THE OPPRESSION OF THE ISRAELITES.
GOdes bliſcing be wið vs,
Here beginneth
Her nu bi-ginned[237] exodus. Exodus.
Pharao kinges rigte name Under Pharaoh, and
2540 the seven kings who
Vephres, be dede ðe ebriſ frame; succeeded him,
And bi oðere ſeuene kinges ſel,
Wexen he ðore & ðogen wel. the Israelites increased
and prospered.
ðe egtenede king amonaphis, The eighth king
treated them harshly,
And ðo biried hem bi-foren,
And ſiðen late of londe boren.
Hiſe oðre breðere, on and on,
Woren ybiried at ebron. 2520
An her endede to ful, in wiſ, Here endeth the book
called Genesis, written
ðe boc ðe iſ hoten geneſis, by Moses, through
ðe moyſes, ðurg godes red, God's counsel.
Wrot for lefful ſoules ned. 2524
God ſchilde hiſe ſowle fro helle bale, [Fol. 49b.]
God shield his soul
ðe made it ðus on engel tale! from hell-bale, who
And he ðat ðiſe lettres wrot, translated it into
English!
God him helpe weli mot, 2528 May God help and
protect him from hell-
And berge iſ ſowle fro ſorge & grot pain, cold and hot!
Of helle pine, cold & hot!
And alle men, ðe it heren wilen,[236]
God leue hem in hiſ bliſſe ſpilen 2532 And all men who will
hear it, God grant that
Among engeles & ſeli men, they may dwell in
Wiðuten ende in reſte ben, bliss among angels for
And luue & pais uſ bi-twen, ever!
And god ſo graunte, amen, ameN! 2536
236]
MS. welin.
THE OPPRESSION OF THE ISRAELITES.
GOdes bliſcing be wið vs,
Here beginneth
Her nu bi-ginned[237] exodus. Exodus.
Pharao kinges rigte name Under Pharaoh, and
2540 the seven kings who
Vephres, be dede ðe ebriſ frame; succeeded him,
And bi oðere ſeuene kinges ſel,
Wexen he ðore & ðogen wel. the Israelites increased
and prospered.
ðe egtenede king amonaphis, The eighth king
treated them harshly,
Page 149
Agenes ðis folc hatel is; 2544
And egipte folc adden nið, and the Egyptians
became jealous of
for ebriſ adden ſeli ſið. them.
Quuað ðis ging[238] wið hem ſtille in red,
"ðis ebris waxen michil ſped, 2548
Bute if we eraflike[239] hem for-don, [Fol. 50.]
Ne ſulen he non eige ſen uſ on."
They made slaves of
Ðo ſette ſundri hem to waken them, and set them to
build walls.
His tigel and lim, and walles maken, 2552
burges feten; and rameſen
ðurge here ſwinc it walled ben;
Summe he deden in vn-ðewed ſwinc, Some they made to do
2556 foul work,
for it was fugel and ful o ſtinc,
Muc and fen ut of burgeſ beren, to carry "muck and fen
out of the city,"
ðuſ bitterlike he gun hem deren;
ðe ðridde ſwinc was eui and ſtron[g],
He deden hem crepen dikes long, 2560 and to creep along
dikes.
And wide a-buten burges gon,
And cumen ðer ear waſ non; The comb of the dike
serves them as
And if ðat folc hem wulde deren, protection against their
ðe dikeſ comb hem ſulde weren. 2564 enemies.
for al ðat ſwinc heui & ſor,
Ay wex ðat kinde, mor & mor, For all that labour, the
folk increased and
And ðhogen, & ſpredden in londe ðor, spread.
ðat made ðe kinges herte ful ſor. 2568
Then bad Pharaoh,
Ðo bad monophis pharaun
wimmen ben ſet in euerilc tun,
And ðat he weren redi bi-foren, that every Hebrew
2572 male child should be
Quan ebru child ſuld be boren, put to death as soon as
it was born.
237]
bi-ginneð?
And egipte folc adden nið, and the Egyptians
became jealous of
for ebriſ adden ſeli ſið. them.
Quuað ðis ging[238] wið hem ſtille in red,
"ðis ebris waxen michil ſped, 2548
Bute if we eraflike[239] hem for-don, [Fol. 50.]
Ne ſulen he non eige ſen uſ on."
They made slaves of
Ðo ſette ſundri hem to waken them, and set them to
build walls.
His tigel and lim, and walles maken, 2552
burges feten; and rameſen
ðurge here ſwinc it walled ben;
Summe he deden in vn-ðewed ſwinc, Some they made to do
2556 foul work,
for it was fugel and ful o ſtinc,
Muc and fen ut of burgeſ beren, to carry "muck and fen
out of the city,"
ðuſ bitterlike he gun hem deren;
ðe ðridde ſwinc was eui and ſtron[g],
He deden hem crepen dikes long, 2560 and to creep along
dikes.
And wide a-buten burges gon,
And cumen ðer ear waſ non; The comb of the dike
serves them as
And if ðat folc hem wulde deren, protection against their
ðe dikeſ comb hem ſulde weren. 2564 enemies.
for al ðat ſwinc heui & ſor,
Ay wex ðat kinde, mor & mor, For all that labour, the
folk increased and
And ðhogen, & ſpredden in londe ðor, spread.
ðat made ðe kinges herte ful ſor. 2568
Then bad Pharaoh,
Ðo bad monophis pharaun
wimmen ben ſet in euerilc tun,
And ðat he weren redi bi-foren, that every Hebrew
2572 male child should be
Quan ebru child ſuld be boren, put to death as soon as
it was born.
237]
bi-ginneð?
Page 150
238]
king?
239]
craftlike?
THE BIRTH AND PRESERVATION OF MOSES.
And ðe knapes to deade giuen,
And leten ðe mayden childre liuen.
Oc he it leten fro godeſ dred; [Fol. 50b.]
2576 The midwives saved
Get ðo childre wexen in ſped, the children's lives,
And quane he komen to ðe king,
He wereden hem wið leſing; and lied to the king,
saying,
He ſeiden ðe childre weren boren
Or he migten ben hem bi-foren. 2580 that the children were
born ere they arrived.
God it geald ðeſe wifes wel,
On hom, on hagte, eddi ſel!
Pharaoh then bad that
Ðo bad ðis king al opelike, every "knave child"
should be drowned.
In alle burges modilike, 2584
Euerilc knape child of ðat kin
ben a-non don ðe flod wið-in.
By that time was
BI ðat time waſ moyſes boren, Moses born.
So het abraham dor[240] bi-foren; 2588
And his moder het Iacabeð,
Ghe was for him dreful and bleð,
His mother hid him
wel is hire of bird[241] bi-tid. for three months.
ðre moneð haueð ghe him hid, 2592
durſte ghe non lengere him for-helen,
Ne ghe ne cuðe ðe wateres ſtelen;
In an fetles, of rigeſſes wrogt, Then she made an ark,
Terred, ðat water dered it nogt, 2596
ðiſ child wunden ghe wulde don, placed the child in it,
And ſetten it ſo ðe water on; and set it on the water.
king?
239]
craftlike?
THE BIRTH AND PRESERVATION OF MOSES.
And ðe knapes to deade giuen,
And leten ðe mayden childre liuen.
Oc he it leten fro godeſ dred; [Fol. 50b.]
2576 The midwives saved
Get ðo childre wexen in ſped, the children's lives,
And quane he komen to ðe king,
He wereden hem wið leſing; and lied to the king,
saying,
He ſeiden ðe childre weren boren
Or he migten ben hem bi-foren. 2580 that the children were
born ere they arrived.
God it geald ðeſe wifes wel,
On hom, on hagte, eddi ſel!
Pharaoh then bad that
Ðo bad ðis king al opelike, every "knave child"
should be drowned.
In alle burges modilike, 2584
Euerilc knape child of ðat kin
ben a-non don ðe flod wið-in.
By that time was
BI ðat time waſ moyſes boren, Moses born.
So het abraham dor[240] bi-foren; 2588
And his moder het Iacabeð,
Ghe was for him dreful and bleð,
His mother hid him
wel is hire of bird[241] bi-tid. for three months.
ðre moneð haueð ghe him hid, 2592
durſte ghe non lengere him for-helen,
Ne ghe ne cuðe ðe wateres ſtelen;
In an fetles, of rigeſſes wrogt, Then she made an ark,
Terred, ðat water dered it nogt, 2596
ðiſ child wunden ghe wulde don, placed the child in it,
And ſetten it ſo ðe water on; and set it on the water.
Page 151
Ghe adde or hire dowter ſent, Miriam was sent to
watch what became of
it.
To loken quider it ſulde ben went; 2600 [Fol. 51.]
Maria dowter ful feren ſtod,
And ghe nam kep to-ward ðiſ flod.
The king's daughter
Teremuth kinkes [242]
dowter ðor cam, came and saw the
child on the water.
ðor ðis child on ðe water nam; 2604
Ghe bad it ben to hire brogt,
And ſag ðis child wol fair[e] wrogt,
Ghe wiſte it was of ebrius kin, She wist it was of
Hebrew kin,
And ðog cam hire rewde[243] wið-in; 2608
240]
ðor?
241]
birð?
242]
kinges?
243]
rewðe?
TEREMUTH ADOPTS HIM AS HER SON.
God haued[244] ſwilc fair-hed him geuen,
ðat ſelf ðe fon it leten liuen. but let it live for its
beauty.
Egipte wimmen comen ner, Egyptians wanted her
2612 to destroy the child.
And boden ðe childe letten ðer,
Oc he wente it awei wið rem,
Of here bode nam he no gem.
Miriam, at Teremuth's
ÐO quad maria to teremuth, bidding,
2616
watch what became of
it.
To loken quider it ſulde ben went; 2600 [Fol. 51.]
Maria dowter ful feren ſtod,
And ghe nam kep to-ward ðiſ flod.
The king's daughter
Teremuth kinkes [242]
dowter ðor cam, came and saw the
child on the water.
ðor ðis child on ðe water nam; 2604
Ghe bad it ben to hire brogt,
And ſag ðis child wol fair[e] wrogt,
Ghe wiſte it was of ebrius kin, She wist it was of
Hebrew kin,
And ðog cam hire rewde[243] wið-in; 2608
240]
ðor?
241]
birð?
242]
kinges?
243]
rewðe?
TEREMUTH ADOPTS HIM AS HER SON.
God haued[244] ſwilc fair-hed him geuen,
ðat ſelf ðe fon it leten liuen. but let it live for its
beauty.
Egipte wimmen comen ner, Egyptians wanted her
2612 to destroy the child.
And boden ðe childe letten ðer,
Oc he wente it awei wið rem,
Of here bode nam he no gem.
Miriam, at Teremuth's
ÐO quad maria to teremuth, bidding,
2616
Page 152
"wilt ðu, leuedi, ic go fear out,
And take ſum wimman of ðat kin
ðor he waſ bi-gote & foſtred in?"
Teremuth ſo bad, & ſche forð-ran, fetches a "foster
2620 woman" for the child.
And brogt hire a foſtre wimman,
On waſ tette he ſone aueð lagt,
And teremuth haueð hire him bi-tagt. Teremuth consigned
Moses to Jochabed,
Iakabeð wente bliðe agen, who returned home
ðat ghe ðe gildesſ[245] foſtre muſte ben; 2624 blithely.
Ghe kepte it wel in foſtre wune,
Ghe knew it for hire owen ſune;
And quane it ſulde ſundred ben, [Fol. 51b.]
2628 When old enough, the
Ghe bar it teremuth for to ſen; child was adopted by
Teremuth toc it on ſunes ſtede, Teremuth, who called
And fedde it wel and cloðen dede; it Moses.
And ghe it clepit moyſen,
Ghe wiſte of water it boren ben. 2632
She brought him
An time after ðat ðiſ was don, before Pharaoh, who
placed the royal crown
Ghe brogte him bi-foren pharaon, on his head.
And ðiſ king wurð him in herte mild,
So ſwide[246] faiger was ðiſ child; 2636
And he toc him on ſunes ſtede,
And hiſ corune on his heued he dede,
And let it ſtonden ayne ſtund;
ðe child it warp dun to de grund. 2640 The child soon threw
it to the ground.
Hamon's likeness was
Hamonel[247] likeneſ was ðor-on; thereon.
ðis crune is broken, ðiſ iſ miſdon.
The Bishop of
Biſſop Eliopoleos Heliopolis saw this,
and said,
ſag ðiſ timing, & up he roſ; 2644
244]
haueð?
245]
And take ſum wimman of ðat kin
ðor he waſ bi-gote & foſtred in?"
Teremuth ſo bad, & ſche forð-ran, fetches a "foster
2620 woman" for the child.
And brogt hire a foſtre wimman,
On waſ tette he ſone aueð lagt,
And teremuth haueð hire him bi-tagt. Teremuth consigned
Moses to Jochabed,
Iakabeð wente bliðe agen, who returned home
ðat ghe ðe gildesſ[245] foſtre muſte ben; 2624 blithely.
Ghe kepte it wel in foſtre wune,
Ghe knew it for hire owen ſune;
And quane it ſulde ſundred ben, [Fol. 51b.]
2628 When old enough, the
Ghe bar it teremuth for to ſen; child was adopted by
Teremuth toc it on ſunes ſtede, Teremuth, who called
And fedde it wel and cloðen dede; it Moses.
And ghe it clepit moyſen,
Ghe wiſte of water it boren ben. 2632
She brought him
An time after ðat ðiſ was don, before Pharaoh, who
placed the royal crown
Ghe brogte him bi-foren pharaon, on his head.
And ðiſ king wurð him in herte mild,
So ſwide[246] faiger was ðiſ child; 2636
And he toc him on ſunes ſtede,
And hiſ corune on his heued he dede,
And let it ſtonden ayne ſtund;
ðe child it warp dun to de grund. 2640 The child soon threw
it to the ground.
Hamon's likeness was
Hamonel[247] likeneſ was ðor-on; thereon.
ðis crune is broken, ðiſ iſ miſdon.
The Bishop of
Biſſop Eliopoleos Heliopolis saw this,
and said,
ſag ðiſ timing, & up he roſ; 2644
244]
haueð?
245]
Page 153
cildeſ?
246]
ſwiðe?
247]
Hamoneſ?
THE ETHIOPIANS INVADE EGYPT,
"If ðiſ child," quad he, "mote ðen, "If this child be
allowed to thrive, he
He ſal egyptes bale ben." shall become Egypt's
If ðor ne wore helpe twen lopen, bale."
ðiſ child adde ðan ſone be dropen; 2648
ðe king wið-ſtod & an wiſ man,
He ſeide, "ðe child doð alſ he can;
We ſulen nu witen for it dede
ðiſ witterlike, or in child-hede;" 2652
He bad ðis child brennen to colen [Fol. 52.]
The king offered the
And he toc is hu migt he it ðolen, child two burning
And in hiſe muth ſo depe he iſ dede coals (to eat), and he
Hiſe tunges ende iſ brent ðor-mide; 2656 put them in his mouth,
and burnt the end of
ðor-fore ſeide de[248] ebru witterlike, his tongue therewith,
ðat he ſpac ſiðen miſerlike; and spake indistinctly.
Oc ſo faiger he waſ on to ſen, So fair was he to look
2660 upon, that none might
ðat migte non man modi ben. be angry with him.
ðor quiles he ſeweden him up-on,
Mani dede b[i]leph un-don
In ðat burg folc bi-twen,
So waſ hem lef on him to ſen. 2664
By the time that he
Bi dat[249] time ðat he was guð, became renowned for
Wið faigered and ſtrengthe kuð, beauty and strength,
folc ethiopienes on egipte cam, the Ethiopians invaded
2668 Egypt, and burnt and
And brende, & ſlug, & wreche nam, slew as far as the Red
Al to memphin dat[250] riche cite, Sea.
And a-non to ðe reade ſe;
ðo was egipte folc in dred, The Egyptians ask
2672 counsel of their gods,
246]
ſwiðe?
247]
Hamoneſ?
THE ETHIOPIANS INVADE EGYPT,
"If ðiſ child," quad he, "mote ðen, "If this child be
allowed to thrive, he
He ſal egyptes bale ben." shall become Egypt's
If ðor ne wore helpe twen lopen, bale."
ðiſ child adde ðan ſone be dropen; 2648
ðe king wið-ſtod & an wiſ man,
He ſeide, "ðe child doð alſ he can;
We ſulen nu witen for it dede
ðiſ witterlike, or in child-hede;" 2652
He bad ðis child brennen to colen [Fol. 52.]
The king offered the
And he toc is hu migt he it ðolen, child two burning
And in hiſe muth ſo depe he iſ dede coals (to eat), and he
Hiſe tunges ende iſ brent ðor-mide; 2656 put them in his mouth,
and burnt the end of
ðor-fore ſeide de[248] ebru witterlike, his tongue therewith,
ðat he ſpac ſiðen miſerlike; and spake indistinctly.
Oc ſo faiger he waſ on to ſen, So fair was he to look
2660 upon, that none might
ðat migte non man modi ben. be angry with him.
ðor quiles he ſeweden him up-on,
Mani dede b[i]leph un-don
In ðat burg folc bi-twen,
So waſ hem lef on him to ſen. 2664
By the time that he
Bi dat[249] time ðat he was guð, became renowned for
Wið faigered and ſtrengthe kuð, beauty and strength,
folc ethiopienes on egipte cam, the Ethiopians invaded
2668 Egypt, and burnt and
And brende, & ſlug, & wreche nam, slew as far as the Red
Al to memphin dat[250] riche cite, Sea.
And a-non to ðe reade ſe;
ðo was egipte folc in dred, The Egyptians ask
2672 counsel of their gods,
Page 154
And aſkeden here godes red; who tell them that a
Hebrew shall deliver
And hem ſeiden wið anſweren, them.
ðat on ebru cude hem wel weren;
Teremuth un-eðes migte timen
ðat moyſes ſal wið hire forð-nimen, 2676 Moses is permitted by
Teremuth
Or haue he hire pligt & ſworen,
ðat him ſal feið wurðful ben boren.
Moyſes was louered of ðat here, [Fol. 52b.]
ðor he wurð ðane egyptes were; 2680
248]
ðe?
249]
ðat?
250]
ðat?
AND ARE DEFEATED BY MOSES.
Bi a lond weige he wente rigt, to lead the Egyptians
against their enemies.
And brogte vn-warnede on hem figt;
He hadden don egipte wrong,
He bi-loc hem & ſmette a-mong, 2684 He smote and slew
them.
And ſlug ðor manige; oc ſumme flen, Many fled to Sheba.
Into ſaba to borgen ben.
Moyſes bi-ſette al ðat burg,
Oc it was riche & ſtrong ut-ðhurg; 2688
Ethiopienes kinges dowter tarbis, The king of Ethiopia's
daughter, for love,
Riche maiden of michel priſ,
Gaf ðiſ riche burg moyſi; gave this rich city to
2692 Moses,
Luue-bonde hire ghe it dede for-ði.
ðor iſe fon he leide in bonde,
And he wurð al-migt-ful in ðat lond; who waxed mighty in
the land.
He bi-lef ðor(.) tarbis him ſcroð,
Hebrew shall deliver
And hem ſeiden wið anſweren, them.
ðat on ebru cude hem wel weren;
Teremuth un-eðes migte timen
ðat moyſes ſal wið hire forð-nimen, 2676 Moses is permitted by
Teremuth
Or haue he hire pligt & ſworen,
ðat him ſal feið wurðful ben boren.
Moyſes was louered of ðat here, [Fol. 52b.]
ðor he wurð ðane egyptes were; 2680
248]
ðe?
249]
ðat?
250]
ðat?
AND ARE DEFEATED BY MOSES.
Bi a lond weige he wente rigt, to lead the Egyptians
against their enemies.
And brogte vn-warnede on hem figt;
He hadden don egipte wrong,
He bi-loc hem & ſmette a-mong, 2684 He smote and slew
them.
And ſlug ðor manige; oc ſumme flen, Many fled to Sheba.
Into ſaba to borgen ben.
Moyſes bi-ſette al ðat burg,
Oc it was riche & ſtrong ut-ðhurg; 2688
Ethiopienes kinges dowter tarbis, The king of Ethiopia's
daughter, for love,
Riche maiden of michel priſ,
Gaf ðiſ riche burg moyſi; gave this rich city to
2692 Moses,
Luue-bonde hire ghe it dede for-ði.
ðor iſe fon he leide in bonde,
And he wurð al-migt-ful in ðat lond; who waxed mighty in
the land.
He bi-lef ðor(.) tarbis him ſcroð,
Page 155
ðog was him ðat ſurgerun ful loð; 2696 His sojourn there was
distasteful to him,
Mai he no leue at hire taken
but-if he it mai wið crafte maken: but by craft he brought
it to an end.
He waſ of an ſtrong migt wiſ,
He carf in two gummes of priſ 2700 He carved upon two
gems two likenesses;
Two likeneſſes, ſo grauen & meten,
the one caused
ðiſ doð ðenken, & ðoð[251] forgeten; remembrance, the
He feſt is in two ringes of gold, other forgetfulness.
Gaf hire ðe ton, he was hire hold; 2704 Moses gave her the
one which caused her
to forget her love,
[Fol. 53.]
Ghe it bered[252] and ðiſ luue iſ for-geten,
Moyſes ðus haued[253] him leue bi-geten;
Sone it migte wið leue ben,
2708 and so he came again
Into egypte e[254] wente a-gen. to Egypt.
On a time he went to
AN time he for to lond gerſen, Goshen, and found a
"moody steward"
to ſpeken wið hiſe kinnes men; beating a Hebrew.
And ſone he cam in-to ðat lond,
A modi ſtiward he ðor fond, 2712
Betende a man wid[255] hiſe wond;
ðat ðhugte moyſes michel ſond,
And hente ðe cherl wið hiſe wond, He seized the churl,
2716 slew him, and buried
And he fel dun in dedes bond; him in the sand.
251]
ðoðer?
252]
bereð?
253]
haueð?
254]
MS. ewente.
distasteful to him,
Mai he no leue at hire taken
but-if he it mai wið crafte maken: but by craft he brought
it to an end.
He waſ of an ſtrong migt wiſ,
He carf in two gummes of priſ 2700 He carved upon two
gems two likenesses;
Two likeneſſes, ſo grauen & meten,
the one caused
ðiſ doð ðenken, & ðoð[251] forgeten; remembrance, the
He feſt is in two ringes of gold, other forgetfulness.
Gaf hire ðe ton, he was hire hold; 2704 Moses gave her the
one which caused her
to forget her love,
[Fol. 53.]
Ghe it bered[252] and ðiſ luue iſ for-geten,
Moyſes ðus haued[253] him leue bi-geten;
Sone it migte wið leue ben,
2708 and so he came again
Into egypte e[254] wente a-gen. to Egypt.
On a time he went to
AN time he for to lond gerſen, Goshen, and found a
"moody steward"
to ſpeken wið hiſe kinnes men; beating a Hebrew.
And ſone he cam in-to ðat lond,
A modi ſtiward he ðor fond, 2712
Betende a man wid[255] hiſe wond;
ðat ðhugte moyſes michel ſond,
And hente ðe cherl wið hiſe wond, He seized the churl,
2716 slew him, and buried
And he fel dun in dedes bond; him in the sand.
251]
ðoðer?
252]
bereð?
253]
haueð?
254]
MS. ewente.
Page 156
255]
wið?
MOSES SLAYS AN EGYPTIAN,
And moyſes drug him to ðe ſtrond,
And ſtille[256] he dalf him [in] ðe ſond;
wende he ðat non egipcien He thought that none
2720 had wist it.
ðat hadde it wiſt, ne ſulde a ſen;
Til after ðiſ on oðer day, On the second day he
saw two men chiding,
He ſag chiden in ðe wey and reproved them.
two egypcienis, modi & ſtrong,
ðiſ on wulde don ðe toðer wrong; 2724
And moyſes nam ðer-of kep,
And to hemward ſwide[257] he lep,
And vndernam him ðat it agte awold.
And he him anſwerede modi & bold; 2728 The wrong-doer thus
answered him,
"Meiſter(.) moyſes, quo haueð ðe mad? "Moses, who made
thee master?
ðu art of dede and o word to rad.
we witen wel quat iſ bi-tid, [Fol. 53b.]
We know well how
Quuow giſter-dai waſ ſlagen and hid; 2732 yesterday one was
ðe bode iſ cumen to pharaun,[258] slain and hid.
Get ſal ðin pride fallen dun." Soon shall thy pride
fall down."
Then Moses fled
Ðo bi-thowte him moyſes,
And his weige ðeðen ches; 2736
ðurg ðe deſerd a-wei he nam,
And to burge madian he cam, and came to Midian,
And ſette hi[m] ðor vten ðe town,
Bi a welle ðo ſprong ðor dun. 2740 where dwelt Jethro,
Raguel Ietro ðat riche man,
Was wuniende in madian,
He hadde ſeuene dowtreſ bi-geten; who had seven
2744 daughters.
ðor he comen water to feten,
And for to wattren here ſep; These maidens took
care of cattle.
(Wimmen ðo nomen of here erf kep,
wið?
MOSES SLAYS AN EGYPTIAN,
And moyſes drug him to ðe ſtrond,
And ſtille[256] he dalf him [in] ðe ſond;
wende he ðat non egipcien He thought that none
2720 had wist it.
ðat hadde it wiſt, ne ſulde a ſen;
Til after ðiſ on oðer day, On the second day he
saw two men chiding,
He ſag chiden in ðe wey and reproved them.
two egypcienis, modi & ſtrong,
ðiſ on wulde don ðe toðer wrong; 2724
And moyſes nam ðer-of kep,
And to hemward ſwide[257] he lep,
And vndernam him ðat it agte awold.
And he him anſwerede modi & bold; 2728 The wrong-doer thus
answered him,
"Meiſter(.) moyſes, quo haueð ðe mad? "Moses, who made
thee master?
ðu art of dede and o word to rad.
we witen wel quat iſ bi-tid, [Fol. 53b.]
We know well how
Quuow giſter-dai waſ ſlagen and hid; 2732 yesterday one was
ðe bode iſ cumen to pharaun,[258] slain and hid.
Get ſal ðin pride fallen dun." Soon shall thy pride
fall down."
Then Moses fled
Ðo bi-thowte him moyſes,
And his weige ðeðen ches; 2736
ðurg ðe deſerd a-wei he nam,
And to burge madian he cam, and came to Midian,
And ſette hi[m] ðor vten ðe town,
Bi a welle ðo ſprong ðor dun. 2740 where dwelt Jethro,
Raguel Ietro ðat riche man,
Was wuniende in madian,
He hadde ſeuene dowtreſ bi-geten; who had seven
2744 daughters.
ðor he comen water to feten,
And for to wattren here ſep; These maidens took
care of cattle.
(Wimmen ðo nomen of here erf kep,
Page 157
Pride ne cuðe bi ðat dai Pride was not so great
2748 then as now.
Nogt ſo michel ſo it nu mai).
Hirdes wulden ðe maidenes deren,
Oc moyſes ðor hem gan weren, Moses helped the
maidens to water the
And wattrede here erue euerilc on, flocks.
And dede hem tidelike to tune gon; 2752
256]
MS. ſtalle, corrected to ſtille.
257]
ſwiðe?
258]
MS. pharaum.
AND FLEES INTO MIDIAN.
And ben ſone hom numen;
And b[i]foren here fader cumen, They told their father
And gunen him ðore tellen,
Hu a gunge man, at te welle[n], 2756 [Fol. 54.]
how a young man at
ðewe and wurſipe hem dede; the well had protected
them.
And ietro geld it him in eſtdede, Jethro sent after him
and kept him in his
Sente after him, freinede hiſ kin, house,
Helde him wurðelike iſ huſ wið-in; 2760
Of ali kinde he wiſte him boren,
And bad him ðor wunen him bi-foren,
Gaf him iſ dowter ſephoram; and gave him his
2764 daughter to wife, who
To wife in lage he hire nam, bore him two sons.
And bi-gat two ſunes on hire ðer,
firſt gerlon, ſiðen eliezer.
Egipte king to late waſ dead,
ðe ðe childre ſo drinkelen bead. 2768
2748 then as now.
Nogt ſo michel ſo it nu mai).
Hirdes wulden ðe maidenes deren,
Oc moyſes ðor hem gan weren, Moses helped the
maidens to water the
And wattrede here erue euerilc on, flocks.
And dede hem tidelike to tune gon; 2752
256]
MS. ſtalle, corrected to ſtille.
257]
ſwiðe?
258]
MS. pharaum.
AND FLEES INTO MIDIAN.
And ben ſone hom numen;
And b[i]foren here fader cumen, They told their father
And gunen him ðore tellen,
Hu a gunge man, at te welle[n], 2756 [Fol. 54.]
how a young man at
ðewe and wurſipe hem dede; the well had protected
them.
And ietro geld it him in eſtdede, Jethro sent after him
and kept him in his
Sente after him, freinede hiſ kin, house,
Helde him wurðelike iſ huſ wið-in; 2760
Of ali kinde he wiſte him boren,
And bad him ðor wunen him bi-foren,
Gaf him iſ dowter ſephoram; and gave him his
2764 daughter to wife, who
To wife in lage he hire nam, bore him two sons.
And bi-gat two ſunes on hire ðer,
firſt gerlon, ſiðen eliezer.
Egipte king to late waſ dead,
ðe ðe childre ſo drinkelen bead. 2768
Page 158
And moyſes waſ numen an ſel On a time Moses went
into the desert with his
In ðe deſerd depe ſumdel, flocks, for rich men
for te loken hirdneſſe fare; then kept such ware.
Riche men ðo kepten ſwilc ware. 2772
ðo ſag moyſes, at munt ſynay, By Mount Sinai he
sees a wondrous sight,
An ſwiðe ferli ſigt ðor-bi,
fier brennen on ðe grene leaf,
And ðog grene and hol bi-leaf; 2776 a bush burning, and
nevertheless green and
forð he nam to ſen witterlike, whole.
Hu ðat fier brende milde-like;
Vt of ðat buſk, ðe brende and ðheg, Out of that bush God's
2780 voice was heard, clear
God ſente an ſteuene, brigt and heg; and high,
"Moyſes, moyſes, do of ðin ſon, 'Moses, Moses, take
off thy shoes, for thou
ðu ſtondes ſeli ſtede up-on; standest on holy
ground.
Hic am god ðe in min geming nam [Fol. 54b.]
2784 I am the God of Jacob,
Iacob, yſaac, and abraham; Isaac, and Abraham.
ic haue min folkes pine ſogen, I have seen the
affliction of my
ðat he nu longe hauen drogen; people,
Nu am ic ligt to fren hem ðeðen, and have come down
2788 to deliver them,
And milche and hunige lond hem queðen;
into the desert with his
In ðe deſerd depe ſumdel, flocks, for rich men
for te loken hirdneſſe fare; then kept such ware.
Riche men ðo kepten ſwilc ware. 2772
ðo ſag moyſes, at munt ſynay, By Mount Sinai he
sees a wondrous sight,
An ſwiðe ferli ſigt ðor-bi,
fier brennen on ðe grene leaf,
And ðog grene and hol bi-leaf; 2776 a bush burning, and
nevertheless green and
forð he nam to ſen witterlike, whole.
Hu ðat fier brende milde-like;
Vt of ðat buſk, ðe brende and ðheg, Out of that bush God's
2780 voice was heard, clear
God ſente an ſteuene, brigt and heg; and high,
"Moyſes, moyſes, do of ðin ſon, 'Moses, Moses, take
off thy shoes, for thou
ðu ſtondes ſeli ſtede up-on; standest on holy
ground.
Hic am god ðe in min geming nam [Fol. 54b.]
2784 I am the God of Jacob,
Iacob, yſaac, and abraham; Isaac, and Abraham.
ic haue min folkes pine ſogen, I have seen the
affliction of my
ðat he nu longe hauen drogen; people,
Nu am ic ligt to fren hem ðeðen, and have come down
2788 to deliver them,
And milche and hunige lond hem queðen;
Page 159
GOD APPEARS TO MOSES AT SINAI.
An .vii. kinge-riches lond and to bring them into
the land of seven
Ic ſal hem bringen al on hond. kingdoms.
Cum, ðu ſalt ben min ſondere man, Come, thou shalt be
2792 my messenger,
Ic ſal ðe techen wel to ðan;
ðu ſalt min folc bringen a-gen, and bid Pharaoh
release my people.
And her ðu ſalt min migte ſen;
And ðu ſalt ſeien to faraon,
ðat he lete min folc ut-gon; 2796
If he it werne and be ðor-gen, If he refuse, I shall
work great marvels,
Ic ſal ðe techen hu it ſal ben;
for ic ſal werken ferlike ſtrong,
And maken min folc frelike ut-gong; 2800 and cause my people
to go out freely.
Ge ſulen cumen wið feteles & ſrud,
And reuen egipte ðat iſ nu prud. As a sign, throw down
thy wand." The wand
Werp nu to token dun ðat wond." then became an ugly
And it warp vt of hiſe hond, 2804 snake.
And wurð ſone an uglike ſnake,
And moyſes fleg for dredes ſake;
God him bad, bi ðe tail he it nam, God bade Moses take
2808 it by the tail, and anon
And it a-non a wond it bi-cam, it became a wand.
And in hiſe boſum he dede his hond, [Fol. 55.]
He put his hand into
Quit and al unfer he it fond; his bosom and it
became leprous.
And ſone he dede it eft agen, He put it in again and
2812 it became whole and
Al hol and fer he wiſte it ſen. sound.
"If he for ðiſe tokenes two "If they believe not
these tokens, pour out
Ne liſteðe ne troweð to, the water of the flood
Go, get ðe water of de[259] flod on the earth, and it
shall become blood."
On ðe erðe, and it ſal wurðen blod." 2816
"Louerd, ic am wanmol, vn-reken "Lord! I am not
eloquent, and cannot
Of wurdes, and may ic Iuel ſpeken. speak well," said
Nu iſ forð gon ðe ðridde dai, Moses.
Sende an oðer; bettre he mai." 2820
"Quo made domme, and quo ſpecande? Quoth God, "Who
made the dumb, the
Quo made bisne, and quo lockende?
An .vii. kinge-riches lond and to bring them into
the land of seven
Ic ſal hem bringen al on hond. kingdoms.
Cum, ðu ſalt ben min ſondere man, Come, thou shalt be
2792 my messenger,
Ic ſal ðe techen wel to ðan;
ðu ſalt min folc bringen a-gen, and bid Pharaoh
release my people.
And her ðu ſalt min migte ſen;
And ðu ſalt ſeien to faraon,
ðat he lete min folc ut-gon; 2796
If he it werne and be ðor-gen, If he refuse, I shall
work great marvels,
Ic ſal ðe techen hu it ſal ben;
for ic ſal werken ferlike ſtrong,
And maken min folc frelike ut-gong; 2800 and cause my people
to go out freely.
Ge ſulen cumen wið feteles & ſrud,
And reuen egipte ðat iſ nu prud. As a sign, throw down
thy wand." The wand
Werp nu to token dun ðat wond." then became an ugly
And it warp vt of hiſe hond, 2804 snake.
And wurð ſone an uglike ſnake,
And moyſes fleg for dredes ſake;
God him bad, bi ðe tail he it nam, God bade Moses take
2808 it by the tail, and anon
And it a-non a wond it bi-cam, it became a wand.
And in hiſe boſum he dede his hond, [Fol. 55.]
He put his hand into
Quit and al unfer he it fond; his bosom and it
became leprous.
And ſone he dede it eft agen, He put it in again and
2812 it became whole and
Al hol and fer he wiſte it ſen. sound.
"If he for ðiſe tokenes two "If they believe not
these tokens, pour out
Ne liſteðe ne troweð to, the water of the flood
Go, get ðe water of de[259] flod on the earth, and it
shall become blood."
On ðe erðe, and it ſal wurðen blod." 2816
"Louerd, ic am wanmol, vn-reken "Lord! I am not
eloquent, and cannot
Of wurdes, and may ic Iuel ſpeken. speak well," said
Nu iſ forð gon ðe ðridde dai, Moses.
Sende an oðer; bettre he mai." 2820
"Quo made domme, and quo ſpecande? Quoth God, "Who
made the dumb, the
Quo made bisne, and quo lockende?
Page 160
Quo but ic, ðat haue al wrogt? speaking, the blind,
2824 and the seeing?"
Of me ſal fultum ben ðe brogt."
259]
ðe?
MOSES AND AARON ARE SENT TO EGYPT.
"Louerd, ſent him ðat iſ to cumen,
Vgging and dred me haueð[260] numen."
"Aaron ðin broðer can wel ſpeken, "Aaron, thy brother
2828 can speak well, thou
ðu ſalt him meten and vnſteken shalt meet him, and
Him bodeword min, and ic ſal red make known to him
Gunc boðen bringen read and ſped." my words."
Moses asks leave of
Moyſes, frigti, ðo funden gan Jethro to visit his
brethren.
to ſpeken wið ietro ðat riche man, 2832
And aſkede him leue to faren and ſen,
If hiſe breðere of liues ben;
ðog drechede he til god ef[t] bad, [Fol. 55b.]
Moses delayed until
And brogte him bode ðe made him glad,2836 God's message again
ðat pharaun, ðe wulde him ſ[l]en, came to him.
Waſ dead and hadde iſ werkes len.
Then he departed with
MOyſes and hiſe wif ſephoram, his wife and children.
And hiſe childre wið him nam; 2840
And ðat on waſ vncircumciſ.
He nam ſo forð, ſoð it is; One child was
uncircumcised, and the
An angel, wið an dragen ſwerd, angel in the way
In ðe weie made him offerd, 2844 sought to slay him.
for ðat he ledden feren ſwike,
ðe ſulden him deren witterlike;
Sephora toc ðiſ gunge knaue, Zipporah circumcised
2848 her son.
And dede circumciſe haue,
And gret, and wente frigti a-gen,
And let moyſes forð one ten. Moses pursued his way
alone.
He bar hiſe gerde forð in iſ hond,
2824 and the seeing?"
Of me ſal fultum ben ðe brogt."
259]
ðe?
MOSES AND AARON ARE SENT TO EGYPT.
"Louerd, ſent him ðat iſ to cumen,
Vgging and dred me haueð[260] numen."
"Aaron ðin broðer can wel ſpeken, "Aaron, thy brother
2828 can speak well, thou
ðu ſalt him meten and vnſteken shalt meet him, and
Him bodeword min, and ic ſal red make known to him
Gunc boðen bringen read and ſped." my words."
Moses asks leave of
Moyſes, frigti, ðo funden gan Jethro to visit his
brethren.
to ſpeken wið ietro ðat riche man, 2832
And aſkede him leue to faren and ſen,
If hiſe breðere of liues ben;
ðog drechede he til god ef[t] bad, [Fol. 55b.]
Moses delayed until
And brogte him bode ðe made him glad,2836 God's message again
ðat pharaun, ðe wulde him ſ[l]en, came to him.
Waſ dead and hadde iſ werkes len.
Then he departed with
MOyſes and hiſe wif ſephoram, his wife and children.
And hiſe childre wið him nam; 2840
And ðat on waſ vncircumciſ.
He nam ſo forð, ſoð it is; One child was
uncircumcised, and the
An angel, wið an dragen ſwerd, angel in the way
In ðe weie made him offerd, 2844 sought to slay him.
for ðat he ledden feren ſwike,
ðe ſulden him deren witterlike;
Sephora toc ðiſ gunge knaue, Zipporah circumcised
2848 her son.
And dede circumciſe haue,
And gret, and wente frigti a-gen,
And let moyſes forð one ten. Moses pursued his way
alone.
He bar hiſe gerde forð in iſ hond,
Page 161
And nam a weie[261] bi deſerd lond; 2852
To mount ſynai forð he nam, At Mount Sinai he
meets with Aaron.
Aaron hiſe broðer a-gen him cam;
Eyðer [h]ere was of oðer fagen;
Moyſes him haueð iſ herte[262] vt-dragen,
2856
And he ben in-to egypte numen, They come into Egypt.
And a-mong folc ebriſſe ben cumen;
Moyſes tolde hem ðat bliðe bode,
And let hem ſen tockenes fro gode; 2860 The people believe
them.
260]
MS. haued.
261]
MS. aweie.
262]
MS. herðe.
GREATER LABOURS ARE LAID UPON THE ISRAELITES.
He redden ſamen he ſulden gon [Fol. 56.]
wið[263] wiſe men to pharaon.
"God," he ſeiden, "of iſrael Moses and Aaron
2864 come before Pharaoh,
ðe bode ſente, and greteð wel,
ðat, bi ði leue, hiſe folc vt-fare, and deliver their
message.
ðre daiges gon and ben ðor gare,
In ðe deſerd an ſtede up-on,
Hiſ leue ſacrifiſe to don." 2868
Quad pharaun, "knowe ic[264] him nogt,
Bi quaſe read haue ge ðiſ ſowt?"
Seide moyſes, "ic am ſonder man, Moses says that he is
2872 well known to the
Egipte folc me knowen can, Egyptians,
for ic am ðat ilc moyſes,
ðe egypte folc of ſorge les, having delivered them
from the Ethiopians,
ðan ethiops woren her cumen;
To mount ſynai forð he nam, At Mount Sinai he
meets with Aaron.
Aaron hiſe broðer a-gen him cam;
Eyðer [h]ere was of oðer fagen;
Moyſes him haueð iſ herte[262] vt-dragen,
2856
And he ben in-to egypte numen, They come into Egypt.
And a-mong folc ebriſſe ben cumen;
Moyſes tolde hem ðat bliðe bode,
And let hem ſen tockenes fro gode; 2860 The people believe
them.
260]
MS. haued.
261]
MS. aweie.
262]
MS. herðe.
GREATER LABOURS ARE LAID UPON THE ISRAELITES.
He redden ſamen he ſulden gon [Fol. 56.]
wið[263] wiſe men to pharaon.
"God," he ſeiden, "of iſrael Moses and Aaron
2864 come before Pharaoh,
ðe bode ſente, and greteð wel,
ðat, bi ði leue, hiſe folc vt-fare, and deliver their
message.
ðre daiges gon and ben ðor gare,
In ðe deſerd an ſtede up-on,
Hiſ leue ſacrifiſe to don." 2868
Quad pharaun, "knowe ic[264] him nogt,
Bi quaſe read haue ge ðiſ ſowt?"
Seide moyſes, "ic am ſonder man, Moses says that he is
2872 well known to the
Egipte folc me knowen can, Egyptians,
for ic am ðat ilc moyſes,
ðe egypte folc of ſorge les, having delivered them
from the Ethiopians,
ðan ethiops woren her cumen;
Page 162
ic warc al ðat ðu was binumen, 2876
And ſwanc and michel ſorwe dreg,
Get iſt vnſene hu ic it bi-teg? and that he brings
God's message from
Ic haue ben ſiðen at munt ſyna, Mount Sinai.
Godes bode-wurd bringe ic ðor-fra." 2880
Pharaoh chides Moses,
Qvað pharaun, "ðu art min ðral,
ðat hidel-like min lond vt-ſtal;
Sum ſwike-dom doð it nu ben,
ðat ðu beſt cumen nu eft agen; 2884
ðiſ folc, ðat ðu wilt me leden fro, and declares that the
Israelites shall suffer
ſal ben luken in more wo." still greater woe.
[Fol. 56b.]
Ðe king it bad, and [it] wurð don;
More ſwinc ðo was hem leid on. 2888 More labour is laid
upon the Israelites.
Hem-ſeluen he fetchden ðe chaf
ðe men ðor hem to gode gaf,
And ðog holden ðe tigeles tale,
2892
And elten and eilden,[265] grete & ſmale.
Moses complains to
Ðo fleg ðiſ folc wið moyſen, God.
And [he] to god made hiſe bimen.
"Louered, qui waſ ic hider ſent?
ðin folc iſ more in ſorwe went." 2896
263]
MS. wid.
264]
MS. ic hic.
265]
? eldren and children?
MOSES AND AARON PERFORM MIRACLES BEFORE PHARAOH.
And ſwanc and michel ſorwe dreg,
Get iſt vnſene hu ic it bi-teg? and that he brings
God's message from
Ic haue ben ſiðen at munt ſyna, Mount Sinai.
Godes bode-wurd bringe ic ðor-fra." 2880
Pharaoh chides Moses,
Qvað pharaun, "ðu art min ðral,
ðat hidel-like min lond vt-ſtal;
Sum ſwike-dom doð it nu ben,
ðat ðu beſt cumen nu eft agen; 2884
ðiſ folc, ðat ðu wilt me leden fro, and declares that the
Israelites shall suffer
ſal ben luken in more wo." still greater woe.
[Fol. 56b.]
Ðe king it bad, and [it] wurð don;
More ſwinc ðo was hem leid on. 2888 More labour is laid
upon the Israelites.
Hem-ſeluen he fetchden ðe chaf
ðe men ðor hem to gode gaf,
And ðog holden ðe tigeles tale,
2892
And elten and eilden,[265] grete & ſmale.
Moses complains to
Ðo fleg ðiſ folc wið moyſen, God.
And [he] to god made hiſe bimen.
"Louered, qui waſ ic hider ſent?
ðin folc iſ more in ſorwe went." 2896
263]
MS. wid.
264]
MS. ic hic.
265]
? eldren and children?
MOSES AND AARON PERFORM MIRACLES BEFORE PHARAOH.
Page 163
God renews his
God quað, "ic ſal hem leſen fro, promise by his name
Adonai,
And here fon weren wið wo;
Abraham, yſac, and hiſe ſunen
Woren to min ðhunerg wunen, 2900
ðog ne tagte ic hem nogt for-ði
Min mig[t]ful name adonay;
Min milche witter name eley which was unknown
2904 to Abraham, Isaac, and
He knewen wel, and ely; Jacob.
ðat ic ðe haue hoten wel,
Ic it ſal leſten euerilc del."
Moyſes told hem ðiſ tidding; Moses told the
Hebrews these tidings,
ðog woren he get in ſtrong murni[n]g. 2908 and yet were they in
Siðen ſpac god to moyſen, great anguish.
and tagte him hu it ſulde ben.
fowre ſcore ger he waſ hold, Moses was now
2912 fourscore years old.
And aaron ðre more told,[266]
Quanne he ðat[267] bodewurd ſpoken, [Fol. 57.]
And deden ðe firme token.
Aaron cast down his
AAron ðor warp vt of hiſ hond rod before Pharaoh.
Moyſeses migtful wond, 2916
And it wurð bi-foren pharaon
An Iglic ſnake ſone on-on; It became an ugly
snake.
ðe king ſente after wiches kire,
Wapmen ðe weren in ſowles lire, 2920 The sorcerers, by the
devil's help, did the
ðe ferden al bi fendes red, like.
fendeſ hem gouen ſinful ſped;
And worpen he ðor wondes dun,
fro euerilc ðor crep a dragun; 2924 Each of their rods
became a dragon.
Oc moyſes wirm hem alle ſmot,
And here aldre heuedes he of bot; Moses's serpent bit off
their heads.
ðog deden wicheſ ðo men to ſen
On oðere wiſe or ſoðe ben; 2928
for ðo fendes or he[m] bi-foren
Hadden ðo neddres ðider boren;
God quað, "ic ſal hem leſen fro, promise by his name
Adonai,
And here fon weren wið wo;
Abraham, yſac, and hiſe ſunen
Woren to min ðhunerg wunen, 2900
ðog ne tagte ic hem nogt for-ði
Min mig[t]ful name adonay;
Min milche witter name eley which was unknown
2904 to Abraham, Isaac, and
He knewen wel, and ely; Jacob.
ðat ic ðe haue hoten wel,
Ic it ſal leſten euerilc del."
Moyſes told hem ðiſ tidding; Moses told the
Hebrews these tidings,
ðog woren he get in ſtrong murni[n]g. 2908 and yet were they in
Siðen ſpac god to moyſen, great anguish.
and tagte him hu it ſulde ben.
fowre ſcore ger he waſ hold, Moses was now
2912 fourscore years old.
And aaron ðre more told,[266]
Quanne he ðat[267] bodewurd ſpoken, [Fol. 57.]
And deden ðe firme token.
Aaron cast down his
AAron ðor warp vt of hiſ hond rod before Pharaoh.
Moyſeses migtful wond, 2916
And it wurð bi-foren pharaon
An Iglic ſnake ſone on-on; It became an ugly
snake.
ðe king ſente after wiches kire,
Wapmen ðe weren in ſowles lire, 2920 The sorcerers, by the
devil's help, did the
ðe ferden al bi fendes red, like.
fendeſ hem gouen ſinful ſped;
And worpen he ðor wondes dun,
fro euerilc ðor crep a dragun; 2924 Each of their rods
became a dragon.
Oc moyſes wirm hem alle ſmot,
And here aldre heuedes he of bot; Moses's serpent bit off
their heads.
ðog deden wicheſ ðo men to ſen
On oðere wiſe or ſoðe ben; 2928
for ðo fendes or he[m] bi-foren
Hadden ðo neddres ðider boren;
Page 164
266]
At the bottom of this page is the catchword—"Quanne he ðat bodewurd."
267]
MS. dat; see the catchword.
THE WATERS ARE TURNED INTO BLOOD.
And pharaon ſtirte up a-non, Pharaoh would not let
2932 the Israelites go.
And for-bed ðiſ folc to gon.
ÐO ſeide moyſes to araon,
"Quat redeſ tu, broder, ſule wit don?
ðiſ king him his[268] wel wiðer-ward
Agen ðis folc, and herte hard; 2936
Go we and ſpeken wið hem get, Moses and Aaron
again came before
And fonden wið ðiſ token bet." Pharaoh.
And ſo deden [he] ſone a-non, [Fol. 57b.]
And comen bi-foren pharaon, 2940
Quad aaron, "nu ſaltu ſen
Quilc godes migtful ſtrengðes ben."
He ſmot on ðat flod wið ðat wond, Aaron smote on the
flood with his wand;
Sone anon blod men al it fond; 2944 soon anon it became
blood,
And ðe fiſſes, in al ðat blod read, and the fish in it died.
floten a-buuen and wurðeden dead;
In euerilc welle, in euerilc trike, In every well and pool
2948 blood was found,
men funden blod al witterlike,
But-if it were in ðe lond gerſen, except in Goshen.
ðor-inne woree[269] ðe ebriſſe men.
ðis wreche, in al egypte rigt,
Leſtede fulle ſeuene nigt; 2952 This plague lasted
seven nights.
ðo waſ ðiſ king ſumdel for-dred,
And het hem he ſulden vt ben led; Pharaoh then
promised that the
And moyſes ðiſ pine vn-dede, Hebrews should
And water wurð on blodeſ ſtede. 2956 depart.
At the bottom of this page is the catchword—"Quanne he ðat bodewurd."
267]
MS. dat; see the catchword.
THE WATERS ARE TURNED INTO BLOOD.
And pharaon ſtirte up a-non, Pharaoh would not let
2932 the Israelites go.
And for-bed ðiſ folc to gon.
ÐO ſeide moyſes to araon,
"Quat redeſ tu, broder, ſule wit don?
ðiſ king him his[268] wel wiðer-ward
Agen ðis folc, and herte hard; 2936
Go we and ſpeken wið hem get, Moses and Aaron
again came before
And fonden wið ðiſ token bet." Pharaoh.
And ſo deden [he] ſone a-non, [Fol. 57b.]
And comen bi-foren pharaon, 2940
Quad aaron, "nu ſaltu ſen
Quilc godes migtful ſtrengðes ben."
He ſmot on ðat flod wið ðat wond, Aaron smote on the
flood with his wand;
Sone anon blod men al it fond; 2944 soon anon it became
blood,
And ðe fiſſes, in al ðat blod read, and the fish in it died.
floten a-buuen and wurðeden dead;
In euerilc welle, in euerilc trike, In every well and pool
2948 blood was found,
men funden blod al witterlike,
But-if it were in ðe lond gerſen, except in Goshen.
ðor-inne woree[269] ðe ebriſſe men.
ðis wreche, in al egypte rigt,
Leſtede fulle ſeuene nigt; 2952 This plague lasted
seven nights.
ðo waſ ðiſ king ſumdel for-dred,
And het hem he ſulden vt ben led; Pharaoh then
promised that the
And moyſes ðiſ pine vn-dede, Hebrews should
And water wurð on blodeſ ſtede. 2956 depart.
Page 165
ðan pharaon wurð war ðis bot, When the plague was
removed he would not
ðiſ folc of londe funden ne mot; release them.
Iannes and mambres, wicheſ wod,
Him ðhugte he maden water blod; 2960
It waſ on fendes wiſe wrogt, Mad sorcerers misled
the king.
for to bi-tournen[270] ðe kingeſ ðogt.
Moyſes lerede god, ſpac him mide,
Al ðat iſ broðer aaron dede. 2964
Eft he comen to pharaon, [Fol. 58.]
And he wernede ðiſ folc ut-gon.
268]
read is.
269]
woren?
270]
MS. bitoueren.
THE PLAGUES OF FROGS AND GNATS.
And aaron held up his hond, Aaron held up his
2968 hand towards the
to ðe water and ðe more lond; water, and up came a
ðo cam ðor up ſwilc froſkes here host of frogs.
ðe dede[271] al folc egipte dere;
Summe woren wilde, and ſumme tame, Some were wild and
some tame.
And ðo hem deden ðe[272] moſte ſame; 2972
In huſe, in drinc, in metes, in bed, Some crept into
houses, drink, meat,
It cropen and maden hem for-dred; and bed.
Summe ſtoruen and gouen ſtinc, Some died and stank.
And vn-hileden mete and drinc; 2976
Polheuedes, and froſkes, & podes ſpile Tadpoles, frogs, and
toads afflicted Egypt's
Bond harde egipte folc [273]in ſile. folk.
ðiſ king bad moyſes and aaron,
removed he would not
ðiſ folc of londe funden ne mot; release them.
Iannes and mambres, wicheſ wod,
Him ðhugte he maden water blod; 2960
It waſ on fendes wiſe wrogt, Mad sorcerers misled
the king.
for to bi-tournen[270] ðe kingeſ ðogt.
Moyſes lerede god, ſpac him mide,
Al ðat iſ broðer aaron dede. 2964
Eft he comen to pharaon, [Fol. 58.]
And he wernede ðiſ folc ut-gon.
268]
read is.
269]
woren?
270]
MS. bitoueren.
THE PLAGUES OF FROGS AND GNATS.
And aaron held up his hond, Aaron held up his
2968 hand towards the
to ðe water and ðe more lond; water, and up came a
ðo cam ðor up ſwilc froſkes here host of frogs.
ðe dede[271] al folc egipte dere;
Summe woren wilde, and ſumme tame, Some were wild and
some tame.
And ðo hem deden ðe[272] moſte ſame; 2972
In huſe, in drinc, in metes, in bed, Some crept into
houses, drink, meat,
It cropen and maden hem for-dred; and bed.
Summe ſtoruen and gouen ſtinc, Some died and stank.
And vn-hileden mete and drinc; 2976
Polheuedes, and froſkes, & podes ſpile Tadpoles, frogs, and
toads afflicted Egypt's
Bond harde egipte folc [273]in ſile. folk.
ðiſ king bad moyſes and aaron,
Page 166
ðat he ſulden god bone don; 2980
And ſone ſo moyſes bad iſ bede, The frogs died,
ðiſ wirmes ſtoruen in ðe ſtede;
And quane ðe king wurð war ðis dead, but the king forbad the
2984 departure of the
Anon ðis folc fore he for-bead. Hebrews.
Ðe ðridde wreche dede aaron
Bi-foren ðe king pharaon;
He ſmot wið ðat gerde on ðe lond, The third plague of
2988 gnats, small to look at,
And gnattes hird ðor ðicke up-wond, but sharp in biting.
ſmale to ſen, and ſarp on bite,
In al egypte fleg ðiſ ſmite.
And ðo dede men and herf wo, [Fol. 58b.]
Anger and tene, ſorge and wo. 2992
Quoðen ðo wiches clerkes(.) "ðiſ The sorcerers said,
"This is token of God's
fortoken godeſ gaſtes is." ghost,"
Her hem wantede migt and ſped, for they lacked might
2996 to do this.
to ſwilc ðing cuðen he non red;
ðiſ toknes dede aaron.
God ſente ſiðen hem oðere on, Pharaoh remained
obstinate,
for euere eld ðiſ king on-on,
And wernede ðiſ folc vt to gon. 3000
Ðo ſeide god to moyſen,
"Go ðu gund pharaon agen;
271]
MS. ðede.
272]
MS. de.
273]
? un-sile.
PLAGUES OF FLIES, BOILS, AND BLAINS,
And ſone ſo moyſes bad iſ bede, The frogs died,
ðiſ wirmes ſtoruen in ðe ſtede;
And quane ðe king wurð war ðis dead, but the king forbad the
2984 departure of the
Anon ðis folc fore he for-bead. Hebrews.
Ðe ðridde wreche dede aaron
Bi-foren ðe king pharaon;
He ſmot wið ðat gerde on ðe lond, The third plague of
2988 gnats, small to look at,
And gnattes hird ðor ðicke up-wond, but sharp in biting.
ſmale to ſen, and ſarp on bite,
In al egypte fleg ðiſ ſmite.
And ðo dede men and herf wo, [Fol. 58b.]
Anger and tene, ſorge and wo. 2992
Quoðen ðo wiches clerkes(.) "ðiſ The sorcerers said,
"This is token of God's
fortoken godeſ gaſtes is." ghost,"
Her hem wantede migt and ſped, for they lacked might
2996 to do this.
to ſwilc ðing cuðen he non red;
ðiſ toknes dede aaron.
God ſente ſiðen hem oðere on, Pharaoh remained
obstinate,
for euere eld ðiſ king on-on,
And wernede ðiſ folc vt to gon. 3000
Ðo ſeide god to moyſen,
"Go ðu gund pharaon agen;
271]
MS. ðede.
272]
MS. de.
273]
? un-sile.
PLAGUES OF FLIES, BOILS, AND BLAINS,
Page 167
Sei him, if min folc ne mote gon,
fleges kin ſal hin ouer-gon, 3004 and was punished by a
plague of flies.
And al hiſ lond to ſorge ten;
Oc lond gerſen ne ſal non ben."
Then gave he them
And ðuſ[274] it was, and al ðiſ ſor leave to depart,
Sag pharaun, and dredde him ðor. 3008
He gaf hem leue ðo vt to faren
wið-ðanne-ðat he to londe ef[t] charen;
And moyſes bad meðe here on,
And ðiſ fleges fligt vt iſ don; 3012 and the flight of flies
was removed.
And pharaon wroð[275] herte on hard,
And vn-dede hem ðat[276] forward.
Moyſes ſpac ſiðen wið gode,
And he brogte pharaun ðiſ bode; 3016 Message comes to
Pharaoh of a great
plague.
"To-morgen, bute he mugen vt-pharen, [Fol. 59.]
Egyptes erf ſal al for-faren."
The murrain among
He wið-held[277] hem and, al-ſo he it b[e]ad, the cattle.
Al ðe erf of egipt wurð dead; 3020
And get ne migte ðiſ folc vt-gon,
ſwilc har[d]neſſe iſ on pharaon.
After ðiſ time, it ſo bi-cam,
ðat moyſes aſkes up-nam, 3024
And warpes vt til heuene-ward; The plague of boils
and blains.
ðo wex vn-ſelðe on hem wel hard,
dolc, ſor, and blein on erue and man;
ðe wicches hidden hem for-ðan, 3028 The sorcerers hid
themselves, and would
Bi-foren pharaun nolden he ben, not come before
Pharaoh,
So woren he lodelike on to ſen; so loathsome were
they to look upon.
At laſt, quan it waſ ouer-gon,
Hadde moyſes ðo leue non. 3032
Siðen ſente ðe louerd gode,
fleges kin ſal hin ouer-gon, 3004 and was punished by a
plague of flies.
And al hiſ lond to ſorge ten;
Oc lond gerſen ne ſal non ben."
Then gave he them
And ðuſ[274] it was, and al ðiſ ſor leave to depart,
Sag pharaun, and dredde him ðor. 3008
He gaf hem leue ðo vt to faren
wið-ðanne-ðat he to londe ef[t] charen;
And moyſes bad meðe here on,
And ðiſ fleges fligt vt iſ don; 3012 and the flight of flies
was removed.
And pharaon wroð[275] herte on hard,
And vn-dede hem ðat[276] forward.
Moyſes ſpac ſiðen wið gode,
And he brogte pharaun ðiſ bode; 3016 Message comes to
Pharaoh of a great
plague.
"To-morgen, bute he mugen vt-pharen, [Fol. 59.]
Egyptes erf ſal al for-faren."
The murrain among
He wið-held[277] hem and, al-ſo he it b[e]ad, the cattle.
Al ðe erf of egipt wurð dead; 3020
And get ne migte ðiſ folc vt-gon,
ſwilc har[d]neſſe iſ on pharaon.
After ðiſ time, it ſo bi-cam,
ðat moyſes aſkes up-nam, 3024
And warpes vt til heuene-ward; The plague of boils
and blains.
ðo wex vn-ſelðe on hem wel hard,
dolc, ſor, and blein on erue and man;
ðe wicches hidden hem for-ðan, 3028 The sorcerers hid
themselves, and would
Bi-foren pharaun nolden he ben, not come before
Pharaoh,
So woren he lodelike on to ſen; so loathsome were
they to look upon.
At laſt, quan it waſ ouer-gon,
Hadde moyſes ðo leue non. 3032
Siðen ſente ðe louerd gode,
Page 168
bi moyſes, to ðiſ king bode; God's message to
Pharaoh.
"for-ði lete ic ðe king her ben,
Men ſal, ðurg ðe, min migte ſen, 3036
And knowen ſal ben, ðe to un-frame,
In euerilc lond min migte name.
274]
MS. duſ.
275]
worð?
276]
MS. dat.
277]
MS. wid-held.
HAIL-STORM, AND GRASSHOPPERS.
ſwilc hail was her or neuere nomen He threatens the king
3040 with hail-storm.
So ſal ðiſ ſel to-morgen cumen;
Do men and erue in huſe ben,
If ðu wilt more hem liues ſen."
ðo men, ðe weren in eige and dred, [Fol. 59b.]
ben borwen, and erue, ðurg ðiſ red. 3044
O morgen, al ſwilc time al ſir, On the morrow came
thunder, hail, and
ðhunder, and hail, and leuenes fir, lightning.
Cam wel vnghere; al ðat it fond
Bergles, it ſloge in ðat lond; 3048 It slew many men,
broke down trees,
Treeſ it for-brac, and greſ, and corn, grass, and corn.
ðat waſ up-ſprungen ðor bi-foren;
Oc ðe ebrius in lond gerſen
ne derede it, coren, ne erf, ne men; 3052
ðo ſeide ðe folc to pharaon,
Pharaoh.
"for-ði lete ic ðe king her ben,
Men ſal, ðurg ðe, min migte ſen, 3036
And knowen ſal ben, ðe to un-frame,
In euerilc lond min migte name.
274]
MS. duſ.
275]
worð?
276]
MS. dat.
277]
MS. wid-held.
HAIL-STORM, AND GRASSHOPPERS.
ſwilc hail was her or neuere nomen He threatens the king
3040 with hail-storm.
So ſal ðiſ ſel to-morgen cumen;
Do men and erue in huſe ben,
If ðu wilt more hem liues ſen."
ðo men, ðe weren in eige and dred, [Fol. 59b.]
ben borwen, and erue, ðurg ðiſ red. 3044
O morgen, al ſwilc time al ſir, On the morrow came
thunder, hail, and
ðhunder, and hail, and leuenes fir, lightning.
Cam wel vnghere; al ðat it fond
Bergles, it ſloge in ðat lond; 3048 It slew many men,
broke down trees,
Treeſ it for-brac, and greſ, and corn, grass, and corn.
ðat waſ up-ſprungen ðor bi-foren;
Oc ðe ebrius in lond gerſen
ne derede it, coren, ne erf, ne men; 3052
ðo ſeide ðe folc to pharaon,
Page 169
"Nu ic wot we haue miſ-don; The Egyptians beseech
Moses to remove this
Moyſes, do ðiſ weder charen, plague.
And gu ſal [ic] leten ut-faren." 3056
Moyſes gede vt, helde up iſ hond,
And al ðiſ vnweder ðor atwond,
And wurð ðiſ weder ſone al ſtille, The storm ceased,
And al after ðe kinges wille. 3060
ðiſ weder iſ ſofte, And ðiſ king hard, but though the weather
was soft, the king's
And brekeð him eft ðat forward. heart was hard.
MOyſes ſiðen, and aaron,
Seiden bi-foren pharaon, 3064 Then said Moses,
"To-morgen ſulen greſſeoppes cumen, "To-morrow shall the
grasshoppers come
And ðat ail ða bileaf ſal al ben numen; into the land."
So ſal ðin hardneſſe ben wreken,
ðat men ſulen longe ðor-after ſpeken." 3068
"Goð vt," quað he, "red ic ſal taken, [Fol. 60.]
And gu ſiðen i ſal anſwer maken."
The Egyptians advise
Qvað ðiſ folc, "beter iſt laten hem vt-pharen, the king to let the
Israelites go.
Al ſal egipte elles for-faren." 3072
He calde hem in; quad pharaon, Pharaoh is at first
inclined to let them go,
"Quilc ben ðo ðe ſulen vt-gon?"
PLAGUES OF LOCUSTS AND DARKNESS.
Quað moyſes, "but alle wapmen,
wið erf, and childre, and wimmen." 3076
"Hu! haue ge wrong," quad pharaon, but would only grant
permission to the men.
"Gu wapmen giue Ic leue to gon;
Of erf and wimmen leue ic nogt,
Ear one of wapmen waſ bi-ſogt." 3080
Ef[t] ðiſ andſwere, ben vt-gon
moyſes forð and aaron;
Moses held up his
MOyſes held up hiſ hond, hand, and a southern
wind uprose,
3084
Moses to remove this
Moyſes, do ðiſ weder charen, plague.
And gu ſal [ic] leten ut-faren." 3056
Moyſes gede vt, helde up iſ hond,
And al ðiſ vnweder ðor atwond,
And wurð ðiſ weder ſone al ſtille, The storm ceased,
And al after ðe kinges wille. 3060
ðiſ weder iſ ſofte, And ðiſ king hard, but though the weather
was soft, the king's
And brekeð him eft ðat forward. heart was hard.
MOyſes ſiðen, and aaron,
Seiden bi-foren pharaon, 3064 Then said Moses,
"To-morgen ſulen greſſeoppes cumen, "To-morrow shall the
grasshoppers come
And ðat ail ða bileaf ſal al ben numen; into the land."
So ſal ðin hardneſſe ben wreken,
ðat men ſulen longe ðor-after ſpeken." 3068
"Goð vt," quað he, "red ic ſal taken, [Fol. 60.]
And gu ſiðen i ſal anſwer maken."
The Egyptians advise
Qvað ðiſ folc, "beter iſt laten hem vt-pharen, the king to let the
Israelites go.
Al ſal egipte elles for-faren." 3072
He calde hem in; quad pharaon, Pharaoh is at first
inclined to let them go,
"Quilc ben ðo ðe ſulen vt-gon?"
PLAGUES OF LOCUSTS AND DARKNESS.
Quað moyſes, "but alle wapmen,
wið erf, and childre, and wimmen." 3076
"Hu! haue ge wrong," quad pharaon, but would only grant
permission to the men.
"Gu wapmen giue Ic leue to gon;
Of erf and wimmen leue ic nogt,
Ear one of wapmen waſ bi-ſogt." 3080
Ef[t] ðiſ andſwere, ben vt-gon
moyſes forð and aaron;
Moses held up his
MOyſes held up hiſ hond, hand, and a southern
wind uprose,
3084
Page 170
A ſuðen wind iſ flig[t] up-wond,
And blew ðat day and al ðat nigt
And brogte egipte an newe figt;
ðiſ wind hem brogte ðe ſkipperes, which brought the
3088 locusts.
He deden on greſ and coren deres.
ðat lond was ful, and ðiſ king wo, Then was the king full
of woe,
He ſente after ðe breðere ðo.
Quad pharaon, "ic haue miſ-numen,
Wreche iſ on vs wið rigte cumen; 3092 and besought Moses to
turn from them the
Bi-ſek get god, ðis one ſiðe, evil.
ðat he vs of ðiſ pine friðe."
And ſo [he] dede, and on wind cam [Fol. 60b.]
3096 A western wind took
fro weſten, and ðo opperes nam, away the locusts.
And warpes ouer in-to ðe ſe;
ðo pharaun ſag iſ lond al fre,
Hiſ herte ðo wurð ðwert and hard, Pharaoh broke his
3100 covenant.
And al he brac hem [ðat] forward.
MOyſes ſiðen held up iſ hond,
And ðhikke ðherkneſſe cam on ðat lond, The plague of thick
darkness.
ðat migte non egipcien
Abuten him for mirkneſſe ſen; 3104
Manige ðor ſorge on liue bead,
And manige weren rewlike dead; Many died from fear.
Quor-ſo ðe folc waſ of yſrael,
He adden ligt and ſowen wel. 3108 The Israelites had
light.
ðo quad pharaon to moyſen,
"Led vt al ðat iſ boren of man, The king tells them to
go, and
THE INSTITUTION OF THE PASSOVER.
And let her hen boden er[f] & ſep, to leave their flocks
3112 and herds behind.
ic wile ðor-on[278] nimen kep."
Quad moyſes, "la! god it wot,
ſal ðe[r]-of bi-leuen non fot, Moses will not consent
to this arrangement.
Al we ſulen iſ wið vs hauen;
And blew ðat day and al ðat nigt
And brogte egipte an newe figt;
ðiſ wind hem brogte ðe ſkipperes, which brought the
3088 locusts.
He deden on greſ and coren deres.
ðat lond was ful, and ðiſ king wo, Then was the king full
of woe,
He ſente after ðe breðere ðo.
Quad pharaon, "ic haue miſ-numen,
Wreche iſ on vs wið rigte cumen; 3092 and besought Moses to
turn from them the
Bi-ſek get god, ðis one ſiðe, evil.
ðat he vs of ðiſ pine friðe."
And ſo [he] dede, and on wind cam [Fol. 60b.]
3096 A western wind took
fro weſten, and ðo opperes nam, away the locusts.
And warpes ouer in-to ðe ſe;
ðo pharaun ſag iſ lond al fre,
Hiſ herte ðo wurð ðwert and hard, Pharaoh broke his
3100 covenant.
And al he brac hem [ðat] forward.
MOyſes ſiðen held up iſ hond,
And ðhikke ðherkneſſe cam on ðat lond, The plague of thick
darkness.
ðat migte non egipcien
Abuten him for mirkneſſe ſen; 3104
Manige ðor ſorge on liue bead,
And manige weren rewlike dead; Many died from fear.
Quor-ſo ðe folc waſ of yſrael,
He adden ligt and ſowen wel. 3108 The Israelites had
light.
ðo quad pharaon to moyſen,
"Led vt al ðat iſ boren of man, The king tells them to
go, and
THE INSTITUTION OF THE PASSOVER.
And let her hen boden er[f] & ſep, to leave their flocks
3112 and herds behind.
ic wile ðor-on[278] nimen kep."
Quad moyſes, "la! god it wot,
ſal ðe[r]-of bi-leuen non fot, Moses will not consent
to this arrangement.
Al we ſulen iſ wið vs hauen;
Page 171
'Wold,' quad god, 'wile ðor-of crauen.'" 3116
Quað pharaon to moyſen,
"Nu ic rede ðat ge flen; Moses and Aaron are
driven out from the
for ſe ic gu more-ouer nu, presence of Pharaoh.
3120
dead ſal be[279] wreken ouer gu."
[Fol. 61.]
MOyſes fleg to lond gerſen,
ðor wuneden hiſ kinnes men.
Quað god, "get ic ſal pharaon, God tells Moses of his
3124 final vengeance upon
Or ge gon vt, don an wreche on, the Egyptians.
(Nu ſal ic in-to egipte gon,)
Swilc wreche waſ ear neuere non;
Deigen ðor ſal ilc firme bigeten Each first-born shall be
3128 destroyed.
Of men and erf, non forgeten;
Oc among gu, dredeð gu nogt,
to gu ne ſal non iuel ben ſogt,
Ne ſal ic gu nog[t] loten
Of ðat ic haue gu bi-hoten." 3132
The year shall begin,
Siðen quað god to moyſen,
"ðiſ ſal gure firmeſt moneð[280] ben,
ðoo gune men ðe mone ſen
In april Reke-fille ben." 3136 when in April the new
moon is seen.
ðanne he lereden hem newe wunen;
"Euerilc ger, more to munen, The institution of the
Passover.
Euerilc huſ-folc ðe mai it ðauen
On ger ſep oðer on kide hauen; 3140 A lamb or kid of the
first year is to be taken
ðe tende dai it ſulde ben lagt, and slain by each
And ho[l]den in ðe tende nagt, household on the
And [slagen] on ðe fowrtende dai; fourteenth day of the
3144 month,
So mikil hird ſo it noten mai,
Ben at euen folc ſum to ſamen,
And ilc folc iſ to fode framen, and to be roasted
whole.
278]
MS. dor-on.
Quað pharaon to moyſen,
"Nu ic rede ðat ge flen; Moses and Aaron are
driven out from the
for ſe ic gu more-ouer nu, presence of Pharaoh.
3120
dead ſal be[279] wreken ouer gu."
[Fol. 61.]
MOyſes fleg to lond gerſen,
ðor wuneden hiſ kinnes men.
Quað god, "get ic ſal pharaon, God tells Moses of his
3124 final vengeance upon
Or ge gon vt, don an wreche on, the Egyptians.
(Nu ſal ic in-to egipte gon,)
Swilc wreche waſ ear neuere non;
Deigen ðor ſal ilc firme bigeten Each first-born shall be
3128 destroyed.
Of men and erf, non forgeten;
Oc among gu, dredeð gu nogt,
to gu ne ſal non iuel ben ſogt,
Ne ſal ic gu nog[t] loten
Of ðat ic haue gu bi-hoten." 3132
The year shall begin,
Siðen quað god to moyſen,
"ðiſ ſal gure firmeſt moneð[280] ben,
ðoo gune men ðe mone ſen
In april Reke-fille ben." 3136 when in April the new
moon is seen.
ðanne he lereden hem newe wunen;
"Euerilc ger, more to munen, The institution of the
Passover.
Euerilc huſ-folc ðe mai it ðauen
On ger ſep oðer on kide hauen; 3140 A lamb or kid of the
first year is to be taken
ðe tende dai it ſulde ben lagt, and slain by each
And ho[l]den in ðe tende nagt, household on the
And [slagen] on ðe fowrtende dai; fourteenth day of the
3144 month,
So mikil hird ſo it noten mai,
Ben at euen folc ſum to ſamen,
And ilc folc iſ to fode framen, and to be roasted
whole.
278]
MS. dor-on.
Page 172
279]
MS. me.
280]
MS. moned.
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE FIRST-BORN.
And eten it bred, and non bon breken, [Fol. 61b.]
And nogt ðor-of vt huſe wreken, 3148 None of it is to be
taken out of the house.
Oc ſod and girt, ſtondende, and ſtaf on hond,
Ilc man after his owen fond, It is to be roasted
whole,
Heued and fet, and in rew mete[n], and eaten with bitter
3152 herbs, and unleavened
leſen fro ðe bones and eten, bread.
Wið[281] wriðel and vn-lif bread;"
ðe bi-leuen brennen he bead. The remainder is to be
burnt, and the blood is
"ðe dure-tren and ðe uuerſlagen, to be sprinkled upon
wið yſope ðe blod ben dragen; 3156 the door-posts.
ðat nigt ſal ben feſt paſche,"
forð-for, on engle tunge, it be.
Vengeance came upon
ON midel ſel, ðat [282]
ilc nigt, the Egyptians.
So cam wreche on egipte rigt; 3160
Ilc firme bigeten, of erf and man, The first-born of man
and beast were slain.
was ſtoruen on morwen and dead forðan;
ðo waſ non biging of al egipte
lich-leſ, ſo manige dead ðor kipte.[283] 3164
ðo wurð phara[o]n nede driuen Pharaoh consented to
let Israel go.
And haueð[284] hem ðane leue giuen;
And egipte folc bad hem faren,
And ſwiðe a-weiward hem garen. 3168
Quat-ſo he boden, ſrud[285] or ſat, The Egyptians gave
the Hebrews whatever
Egipte folc hem lenen ðat; they asked.
Waſ hem nogt werned ðat he crauen,
for here ſwinc-hire he nu hauen; 3172
Gold and ſiluer he hauen vt-brogt, [Fol. 62.]
MS. me.
280]
MS. moned.
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE FIRST-BORN.
And eten it bred, and non bon breken, [Fol. 61b.]
And nogt ðor-of vt huſe wreken, 3148 None of it is to be
taken out of the house.
Oc ſod and girt, ſtondende, and ſtaf on hond,
Ilc man after his owen fond, It is to be roasted
whole,
Heued and fet, and in rew mete[n], and eaten with bitter
3152 herbs, and unleavened
leſen fro ðe bones and eten, bread.
Wið[281] wriðel and vn-lif bread;"
ðe bi-leuen brennen he bead. The remainder is to be
burnt, and the blood is
"ðe dure-tren and ðe uuerſlagen, to be sprinkled upon
wið yſope ðe blod ben dragen; 3156 the door-posts.
ðat nigt ſal ben feſt paſche,"
forð-for, on engle tunge, it be.
Vengeance came upon
ON midel ſel, ðat [282]
ilc nigt, the Egyptians.
So cam wreche on egipte rigt; 3160
Ilc firme bigeten, of erf and man, The first-born of man
and beast were slain.
was ſtoruen on morwen and dead forðan;
ðo waſ non biging of al egipte
lich-leſ, ſo manige dead ðor kipte.[283] 3164
ðo wurð phara[o]n nede driuen Pharaoh consented to
let Israel go.
And haueð[284] hem ðane leue giuen;
And egipte folc bad hem faren,
And ſwiðe a-weiward hem garen. 3168
Quat-ſo he boden, ſrud[285] or ſat, The Egyptians gave
the Hebrews whatever
Egipte folc hem lenen ðat; they asked.
Waſ hem nogt werned ðat he crauen,
for here ſwinc-hire he nu hauen; 3172
Gold and ſiluer he hauen vt-brogt, [Fol. 62.]
Page 173
The Israelites
ðe tabernacle ðor[286]-wið wurð[287] wrogt; numbered 600,000
He woren ſexe hundred ðhuſent men, men.
wið-vten childre and wimmen; 3176
Al erf-kin hauen he ut-led,
Egipte folc hem hauen ut-ſped.
Moses thought of the
Almost redi waſ here fare, oath sworn to Joseph.
moyſes bi-ðogt him ful gare 3180
Of ðat ðe iſ kin haueð ſworen,
Ioſepes bones ſulen ben boren; Joseph's grave could
not be found.
281]
MS. wid.
282]
MS. dat.
283]
caught.
284]
MS. haued.
285]
MS. ſruð.
286]
MS. dor.
287]
MS. wurd.
THE ISRAELITES LEAVE EGYPT.
Oc ðe ail haueð[288] ſo wide ſpiled,
ðe tabernacle ðor[286]-wið wurð[287] wrogt; numbered 600,000
He woren ſexe hundred ðhuſent men, men.
wið-vten childre and wimmen; 3176
Al erf-kin hauen he ut-led,
Egipte folc hem hauen ut-ſped.
Moses thought of the
Almost redi waſ here fare, oath sworn to Joseph.
moyſes bi-ðogt him ful gare 3180
Of ðat ðe iſ kin haueð ſworen,
Ioſepes bones ſulen ben boren; Joseph's grave could
not be found.
281]
MS. wid.
282]
MS. dat.
283]
caught.
284]
MS. haued.
285]
MS. ſruð.
286]
MS. dor.
287]
MS. wurd.
THE ISRAELITES LEAVE EGYPT.
Oc ðe ail haueð[288] ſo wide ſpiled,
Page 174
ðat hiſ graue iſ ðor vnder hiled, 3184
On an gold gad ðe name god A golden rod with the
name of God upon it
Iſ grauen, and leid up-on ðe flod; was laid upon the
flood.
Moyſes it folwede ðider it flet, Moses followed its
3188 course, and thus
And ſtod ðor ðe graue under let; discovered the grave.
ðor he doluen, and hauen ſogt,
And funden, and hauen up-brogt
ðe bones ut of ðe erðe wroken,
Summe hole, & ſumme broken; 3192 Some of the bones
were whole and some
He dede iſ binden & faire loken broken.
Alle ðe bones ðe he ðor token.
Quane he geden egipte fro, When Israel left Egypt
3196 there was an
It wurð erðe-dine, and fellen ðo earthquake.
fele chirches and ideles mide, Many temples fell
down.
Miracle it was ðat god ðor dede.
Gon woren .vii. ſcore ger [Fol. 62b.]
3200 Seven score years
Siðen[289] ioſep waſ doluen ðer;[290] were gone since
And .xxiii. ſcore fro ðan Joseph was buried.
ðat god it ſpac wið[291] abrahram.
fro Rameſe to ſokoht ſtede The Israelites journey
3204 from Rameses to
Non man on hem letting dede, Succoth.
For ſwinc and murning hem was on,
fro ðe liches in-to ðe erðe don;
And manige of ðo greten forði
ðat he adden ben hard hem bi. 3208
To burg ethan fer fro ſokoth, From Succoth they go
to Etham, and thence
And ðeðen he ten to pharaoth;[292] to Pihahiroth.
ðor he ſtunden for to ſen
quilc pharaon wið hem ſal ben. 3212
Pharaoh called out his
Pharaon bannede vt hiſ here, army.
Iſrael he ðhogte to don dere;
Six hundred chariots
Sex hundred carte-hird i-wrogt[293] he brought out of
vt of egipte he haueð[294] brogt; 3216
Egypt, fifty thousand
On horſe fifiti ðhusent men, horsemen, and ten
On an gold gad ðe name god A golden rod with the
name of God upon it
Iſ grauen, and leid up-on ðe flod; was laid upon the
flood.
Moyſes it folwede ðider it flet, Moses followed its
3188 course, and thus
And ſtod ðor ðe graue under let; discovered the grave.
ðor he doluen, and hauen ſogt,
And funden, and hauen up-brogt
ðe bones ut of ðe erðe wroken,
Summe hole, & ſumme broken; 3192 Some of the bones
were whole and some
He dede iſ binden & faire loken broken.
Alle ðe bones ðe he ðor token.
Quane he geden egipte fro, When Israel left Egypt
3196 there was an
It wurð erðe-dine, and fellen ðo earthquake.
fele chirches and ideles mide, Many temples fell
down.
Miracle it was ðat god ðor dede.
Gon woren .vii. ſcore ger [Fol. 62b.]
3200 Seven score years
Siðen[289] ioſep waſ doluen ðer;[290] were gone since
And .xxiii. ſcore fro ðan Joseph was buried.
ðat god it ſpac wið[291] abrahram.
fro Rameſe to ſokoht ſtede The Israelites journey
3204 from Rameses to
Non man on hem letting dede, Succoth.
For ſwinc and murning hem was on,
fro ðe liches in-to ðe erðe don;
And manige of ðo greten forði
ðat he adden ben hard hem bi. 3208
To burg ethan fer fro ſokoth, From Succoth they go
to Etham, and thence
And ðeðen he ten to pharaoth;[292] to Pihahiroth.
ðor he ſtunden for to ſen
quilc pharaon wið hem ſal ben. 3212
Pharaoh called out his
Pharaon bannede vt hiſ here, army.
Iſrael he ðhogte to don dere;
Six hundred chariots
Sex hundred carte-hird i-wrogt[293] he brought out of
vt of egipte he haueð[294] brogt; 3216
Egypt, fifty thousand
On horſe fifiti ðhusent men, horsemen, and ten
Page 175
x ſcore ðhusent of fote ren; score thousand men of
foot.
288]
MS. haued.
289]
MS. Siden.
290]
MS. der.
291]
MS. wid.
292]
MS. pharaofh.
293]
MS. hirdi wrogt.
294]
MS. haued.
THE ISRAELITES CROSS THE RED SEA.
Alle he ledde hem vt forði
ðat folc ebru to werchen wi. 3220
When the Israelites
Ðiſ godes folc waſ under-numen, saw the Egyptian host
they became sore
Quan he ſegen ðiſ hird al cumen, afraid.
Sore he gunen for-dredde ben,
3224
for ne cuðen ne[295] gate flen,
And if he ðore ben bi-ſet, [Fol. 63.]
Ille he ſulen ben hunger gret; for they were without
weapons.
He ne mogen figten a-gen,
foot.
288]
MS. haued.
289]
MS. Siden.
290]
MS. der.
291]
MS. wid.
292]
MS. pharaofh.
293]
MS. hirdi wrogt.
294]
MS. haued.
THE ISRAELITES CROSS THE RED SEA.
Alle he ledde hem vt forði
ðat folc ebru to werchen wi. 3220
When the Israelites
Ðiſ godes folc waſ under-numen, saw the Egyptian host
they became sore
Quan he ſegen ðiſ hird al cumen, afraid.
Sore he gunen for-dredde ben,
3224
for ne cuðen ne[295] gate flen,
And if he ðore ben bi-ſet, [Fol. 63.]
Ille he ſulen ben hunger gret; for they were without
weapons.
He ne mogen figten a-gen,
Page 176
for [he] wið-vten wopen ben; 3228 They chided Moses.
ðanne he ðuſ woren alle in dred,
On moyſen he ſetten a gred.
"Beð nu ſtille," quað moyſes,
"ðor god wile(.) iſ non helpeles; 3232 Moses promises them
God's assistance.
Ge ſulen ſen ðiſ ilke dai
Quat godes migt for gu mai."
He bad ðiſ folc dregen wið ſkil,
And he bi-ſogte godes wil. 3236
God instructs Moses to
Qvað god, "quor-at calles ðu me? stretch out his rod over
the sea.
Hold up ðin gerde to ðe ſe
And del it ſo on ſundri del,
ðat gu ben garknede weigeſ wel." 3240
ðo moyſes helde up hiſ hond, Moses did so.
A wind blew ðe ſe fro ðe ſond; A wind blew the sea
from the sand,
On twel[fe] doles delt iſt ðe ſe,
xii. weiges ðer-in ben faiger and fre, 3244 and twelve
thoroughfares were
ðat euerilc kinde of iſrael made for the people.
Mai ðor hiſ weige finden wel.
ðe water up-ſtod, ðurg godes migt, The water stood up as
3248 a wall on both sides.
On twinne half, alſo a wal up-rigt;
Moyſes bad hem, alſo he ben boren,
ðe eldeſt kindes gon bi-foren;
Oc moyſes gede in bi-foren, [Fol. 63b.]
3252 Moses went first, and
And ðo ðe kinde of iuda boren; then the men of Judah.
On and on kin, alſ herte hem cam,
ðat folc ilc in his weige nam;
295]
? he no-gate
THE EGYPTIAN HOSTS ARE DROWNED.
Bi-foren hem fleg an ſkige brigt A cloud went before
3256 them.
ðat nigt hem made ðe weige ligt;
Egiptes folc gunnen ðiſ ſen,
ðanne he ðuſ woren alle in dred,
On moyſen he ſetten a gred.
"Beð nu ſtille," quað moyſes,
"ðor god wile(.) iſ non helpeles; 3232 Moses promises them
God's assistance.
Ge ſulen ſen ðiſ ilke dai
Quat godes migt for gu mai."
He bad ðiſ folc dregen wið ſkil,
And he bi-ſogte godes wil. 3236
God instructs Moses to
Qvað god, "quor-at calles ðu me? stretch out his rod over
the sea.
Hold up ðin gerde to ðe ſe
And del it ſo on ſundri del,
ðat gu ben garknede weigeſ wel." 3240
ðo moyſes helde up hiſ hond, Moses did so.
A wind blew ðe ſe fro ðe ſond; A wind blew the sea
from the sand,
On twel[fe] doles delt iſt ðe ſe,
xii. weiges ðer-in ben faiger and fre, 3244 and twelve
thoroughfares were
ðat euerilc kinde of iſrael made for the people.
Mai ðor hiſ weige finden wel.
ðe water up-ſtod, ðurg godes migt, The water stood up as
3248 a wall on both sides.
On twinne half, alſo a wal up-rigt;
Moyſes bad hem, alſo he ben boren,
ðe eldeſt kindes gon bi-foren;
Oc moyſes gede in bi-foren, [Fol. 63b.]
3252 Moses went first, and
And ðo ðe kinde of iuda boren; then the men of Judah.
On and on kin, alſ herte hem cam,
ðat folc ilc in his weige nam;
295]
? he no-gate
THE EGYPTIAN HOSTS ARE DROWNED.
Bi-foren hem fleg an ſkige brigt A cloud went before
3256 them.
ðat nigt hem made ðe weige ligt;
Egiptes folc gunnen ðiſ ſen,
Page 177
And wenden ðat he wode ben. Pharaoh pursued the
Israelites,
Ðis bode herde king pharaon
And him ðuhte ſellic ðer-on, 3260
Garkede his hird & after nam,
And to ðe ſe bi nigte he cam; and to the Red Sea he
came.
In ferde ðiſ hird after ðiſ king, In went this host after
3264 the king.
And ðo ſprong ðe daiening.
ðhunder, and leuene, and rein ðor-mong
God ſente on ðat hird, ſtið and ſtrong;
ðo quoðen he, "wende we a-gen, Some were for going
3268 back.
An[d] iſrael folc lete we ben."
ðor-quiles ben ðo kinges[296] cumen
Ouer, and hauen ðe londes numen; The Israelites reached
the land,
Egipcienes woren in twired wen
queðer he ſulden folgen or flen; 3272
And moyſes ſtod up-on ðe ſond,
God him bad helden up hiſ hond and God bade Moses
stretch his rod over the
to-ward ðiſ water, in a morgen quile sea.
ðe ſe luked, ſo god it wile,[297] 3276
And on and on, ſwiðe litel ſtund, [Fol. 64.]
The sea covered the
Egypcienes fellen to ðe grund;[298] Egyptians,
Of hem alle bi-leaf non fot and not one remained
3280 undrowned in that salt
Vn-drincled in ðat ſalte ſpot.[299] spot.
Ðvs iſ iſrael of hem wreken,
And here welðe iſ to londe weken,
Wepen, and ſrud, ſiluer, and gold;
wel hem mai ben ðe god beð hold! 3284
Moyſes ðor made a newe ſong, Moses made a new
song, and taught it to
And tag[t]e it al ðat folc a-mong; the people.
And ilke dai ðat ſeuen nigt, Each day for a week it
3288 was sung over.
Ones he ðor it ſungen rigt;
296]
Israelites,
Ðis bode herde king pharaon
And him ðuhte ſellic ðer-on, 3260
Garkede his hird & after nam,
And to ðe ſe bi nigte he cam; and to the Red Sea he
came.
In ferde ðiſ hird after ðiſ king, In went this host after
3264 the king.
And ðo ſprong ðe daiening.
ðhunder, and leuene, and rein ðor-mong
God ſente on ðat hird, ſtið and ſtrong;
ðo quoðen he, "wende we a-gen, Some were for going
3268 back.
An[d] iſrael folc lete we ben."
ðor-quiles ben ðo kinges[296] cumen
Ouer, and hauen ðe londes numen; The Israelites reached
the land,
Egipcienes woren in twired wen
queðer he ſulden folgen or flen; 3272
And moyſes ſtod up-on ðe ſond,
God him bad helden up hiſ hond and God bade Moses
stretch his rod over the
to-ward ðiſ water, in a morgen quile sea.
ðe ſe luked, ſo god it wile,[297] 3276
And on and on, ſwiðe litel ſtund, [Fol. 64.]
The sea covered the
Egypcienes fellen to ðe grund;[298] Egyptians,
Of hem alle bi-leaf non fot and not one remained
3280 undrowned in that salt
Vn-drincled in ðat ſalte ſpot.[299] spot.
Ðvs iſ iſrael of hem wreken,
And here welðe iſ to londe weken,
Wepen, and ſrud, ſiluer, and gold;
wel hem mai ben ðe god beð hold! 3284
Moyſes ðor made a newe ſong, Moses made a new
song, and taught it to
And tag[t]e it al ðat folc a-mong; the people.
And ilke dai ðat ſeuen nigt, Each day for a week it
3288 was sung over.
Ones he ðor it ſungen rigt;
296]
Page 178
kindes?
297]
At the bottom of this page is the catchword—"And on and on."
298]
MS. grunð.
299]
MS. ſwot.
THE SOJOURN AT SHUR, ELIM, AND SIN.
ðor-of in eſterne be we wunen In memory of which
are we wont to come
Seuene ſiðes to funt cumen. seven times to the font
Ðor quiles he weren in ðe deſert, at Eastertide.
God tagte hem weie, wis and pert; 3292
A fair piler ſon hem on o nigt,
And a ſkie[300] euere on daiges ligt.
The fifth sojourn was
Ðe fifte ſuriuren ðat he deden, in the wilderness of
Shur;
In ðe deſert ſur, on drie ſtede; 3296
ðre dages weren he ðider gon, three days the people
were without water.
ðat he ne funden water non;
At Marah the waters
A welle he funde at marath,[301] were bitter, but
ðe water was biter and al wlath;[302] 3300
A funden trew ðor-inne dede
Moyſes, and it wurð ſwet on ðe ſtede. a tree rendered them
sweet.
[Fol. 64b.]
Ðe ſexte ſuriuren at elim, The sixth sojourn was
at Elim,
xij welle-ſpringes weren on him, 3304
An[d] then[303] and ſexti palme tren
bi ðo welles men migte ſen;
He maden ſiðen, fro elim,
3308 and from thence to
Sin.
297]
At the bottom of this page is the catchword—"And on and on."
298]
MS. grunð.
299]
MS. ſwot.
THE SOJOURN AT SHUR, ELIM, AND SIN.
ðor-of in eſterne be we wunen In memory of which
are we wont to come
Seuene ſiðes to funt cumen. seven times to the font
Ðor quiles he weren in ðe deſert, at Eastertide.
God tagte hem weie, wis and pert; 3292
A fair piler ſon hem on o nigt,
And a ſkie[300] euere on daiges ligt.
The fifth sojourn was
Ðe fifte ſuriuren ðat he deden, in the wilderness of
Shur;
In ðe deſert ſur, on drie ſtede; 3296
ðre dages weren he ðider gon, three days the people
were without water.
ðat he ne funden water non;
At Marah the waters
A welle he funde at marath,[301] were bitter, but
ðe water was biter and al wlath;[302] 3300
A funden trew ðor-inne dede
Moyſes, and it wurð ſwet on ðe ſtede. a tree rendered them
sweet.
[Fol. 64b.]
Ðe ſexte ſuriuren at elim, The sixth sojourn was
at Elim,
xij welle-ſpringes weren on him, 3304
An[d] then[303] and ſexti palme tren
bi ðo welles men migte ſen;
He maden ſiðen, fro elim,
3308 and from thence to
Sin.
Page 179
Mani ſuriuren in ðe deſert ſin.
Bi-twen elim and ſinay,
bred wantede, hem was wo forði; Bread fails them.
ðat was on ðe ðrittiðe[304] dai,
ðat here wei fro egypte lay, 3312
ðor he woren hungur for-dred;
"Ille," he ſeiden, "haue we ſped, They murmur against
Moses.
Bet uſ were in egipte ben,
Bred and fles ðer[305] we muwen ſen." 3316
Moyſes wurð war ðe folc was wroð,
And here gruching ðo god was loð.
"ſtille," quað he, "and on-dreg,
Godeſ fulſum-hed iſ gu ful neg." 3320
At euen cam a fugel-fligt, God sends them a
flight of fowls,
fro-ward arabie to hem rigt;
ðor migte euerilc man fugeles taken,
So fele so he wulden raken; 3324
300]
MS. aſkie.
301]
read marach.
302]
read wlach.
303]
en?
304]
MS. ðrittide.
305]
MS. der.
Bi-twen elim and ſinay,
bred wantede, hem was wo forði; Bread fails them.
ðat was on ðe ðrittiðe[304] dai,
ðat here wei fro egypte lay, 3312
ðor he woren hungur for-dred;
"Ille," he ſeiden, "haue we ſped, They murmur against
Moses.
Bet uſ were in egipte ben,
Bred and fles ðer[305] we muwen ſen." 3316
Moyſes wurð war ðe folc was wroð,
And here gruching ðo god was loð.
"ſtille," quað he, "and on-dreg,
Godeſ fulſum-hed iſ gu ful neg." 3320
At euen cam a fugel-fligt, God sends them a
flight of fowls,
fro-ward arabie to hem rigt;
ðor migte euerilc man fugeles taken,
So fele so he wulden raken; 3324
300]
MS. aſkie.
301]
read marach.
302]
read wlach.
303]
en?
304]
MS. ðrittide.
305]
MS. der.
Page 180
THE MIRACULOUS FALL OF MANNA.
On morgen fel hem a dew a-gein. and on the morrow a
dew,
firſt he wenden it were a rein,
knewen he nogt ðiſ dewes coſt;
It lai ðor, quit als a rim[306] froſt, 3328 like rime frost;
"Man-hu," said they,
He ðe it ſogen,[307] ſeiden, "man hu," wherefore they called
Manna for-ði men clepeð it nu. it Manna.
Quad moyſes, "loc! her nu [iſ] bread, [Fol. 65.]
3332
Ille gruching iſ[308] gu for-bead."
A met ðor was, it het Gomor,
Ilc man iſ he bead, and nunmor, Each man gathered an
omer of it before the
Him gaderen or ðe ſunne-ſine, sun shone,
Elles he ſulden miſſen hine. 3336
for it malt at ðe ſunne-ſine, for it melted at the
sunshine.
Oc oðer fir for-hadede hine.
To duſt he it grunden and maden bread, When ground and
3340 made into bread, it
ðat huni and olies ðef he bead; tasted like wafers
Quo-ſo nome up forbone mor, made with honey.
it wirmede, bredde, and rotede ðor.
Moyſen dede ful ðe gomor, Moses filled an omer
3344 of the manna,
In a gold pot, for muning ðor.
Held it ſundri in clene ſtede,
And in ðe tabernacle he it dede. and placed it in the
tabernacle.
Wið ðiſ mete weren he fed,
3348
fowerti winter vten leð,[309]
Til he to lond canaan
Comen(.) ðat god hem giuen gan.
Forth came this folk,
Forð nam ðiſ folc, ſo god tagte him, and came to
Rephidim,
to ðe deſert of rafadim;[310] 3352
Tidlike hem waſ ðat water wane, where they murmured
for thirst, and did
ðor he grucheden for ðriſt hane;[311] chide with Moses.
Harde he bi-haluen ðer moyſes, [Fol. 65b.]
And to god he made is bi-men. 3356
"Louered," quad he, "quat ſal ic don?
On morgen fel hem a dew a-gein. and on the morrow a
dew,
firſt he wenden it were a rein,
knewen he nogt ðiſ dewes coſt;
It lai ðor, quit als a rim[306] froſt, 3328 like rime frost;
"Man-hu," said they,
He ðe it ſogen,[307] ſeiden, "man hu," wherefore they called
Manna for-ði men clepeð it nu. it Manna.
Quad moyſes, "loc! her nu [iſ] bread, [Fol. 65.]
3332
Ille gruching iſ[308] gu for-bead."
A met ðor was, it het Gomor,
Ilc man iſ he bead, and nunmor, Each man gathered an
omer of it before the
Him gaderen or ðe ſunne-ſine, sun shone,
Elles he ſulden miſſen hine. 3336
for it malt at ðe ſunne-ſine, for it melted at the
sunshine.
Oc oðer fir for-hadede hine.
To duſt he it grunden and maden bread, When ground and
3340 made into bread, it
ðat huni and olies ðef he bead; tasted like wafers
Quo-ſo nome up forbone mor, made with honey.
it wirmede, bredde, and rotede ðor.
Moyſen dede ful ðe gomor, Moses filled an omer
3344 of the manna,
In a gold pot, for muning ðor.
Held it ſundri in clene ſtede,
And in ðe tabernacle he it dede. and placed it in the
tabernacle.
Wið ðiſ mete weren he fed,
3348
fowerti winter vten leð,[309]
Til he to lond canaan
Comen(.) ðat god hem giuen gan.
Forth came this folk,
Forð nam ðiſ folc, ſo god tagte him, and came to
Rephidim,
to ðe deſert of rafadim;[310] 3352
Tidlike hem waſ ðat water wane, where they murmured
for thirst, and did
ðor he grucheden for ðriſt hane;[311] chide with Moses.
Harde he bi-haluen ðer moyſes, [Fol. 65b.]
And to god he made is bi-men. 3356
"Louered," quad he, "quat ſal ic don?
Page 181
He ſulen me werpen ſtones on."
Quað god, "go ðu to erebiſ ſton, God sent him for
3360 water to a rock in
And ſmit wið ðin gerde ðor-on." Horeb.
306]
MS. rin.
307]
MS. logen.
308]
? ic.
309]
ed?
310]
MS. rafaclim.
311]
MS. haue.
THE ISRAELITES OVERCOME THE AMALEKITES.
It was a ſtede henden ðor-bi,
On a ſyde of munt ſynay; Moses smote the rock,
And he ſmot wið his wond ðor-on,
And water gan ðor-vten gon; 3364
Anog adden he ðanne drinc, and the people had
enough to drink
Redi funden wið litel ſwinc; without toiling for it.
ðat ſtede waſ cald temptatio, This place was called
3368 Temptation.
for he ðo god fondeden so.
Amalek comes to war
Amalec, yſmaeles ſune, against Israel.
Was ðor hende rafadim[312] wune,
Quað god, "go ðu to erebiſ ſton, God sent him for
3360 water to a rock in
And ſmit wið ðin gerde ðor-on." Horeb.
306]
MS. rin.
307]
MS. logen.
308]
? ic.
309]
ed?
310]
MS. rafaclim.
311]
MS. haue.
THE ISRAELITES OVERCOME THE AMALEKITES.
It was a ſtede henden ðor-bi,
On a ſyde of munt ſynay; Moses smote the rock,
And he ſmot wið his wond ðor-on,
And water gan ðor-vten gon; 3364
Anog adden he ðanne drinc, and the people had
enough to drink
Redi funden wið litel ſwinc; without toiling for it.
ðat ſtede waſ cald temptatio, This place was called
3368 Temptation.
for he ðo god fondeden so.
Amalek comes to war
Amalec, yſmaeles ſune, against Israel.
Was ðor hende rafadim[312] wune,
Page 182
He welte ðor ſtone and iaboch,
ðat herdes folc him louerd toch; 3372
Wopened he ben a-gen iſrael.
Moyſes ear it wiſte wel, Moses sends Joshua
with the army to fight
And ſente agen hem king ihesum, with Amalek.
wið folc iſrael wopened ſum; 3376
He let bi-aften ðe[313] more del,
To kepen here ðing al wel. Moses, accompanied
by Aaron and Hur,
He, and aaron, and hur ben gon, goes up to the top of a
Heg up to a dune ſone o-non; 3380 hill, and prays for the
folk of Israel.
Moyſes bad [for] folc yſrael, [Fol. 66.]
And hiſe benes hem holpen wel;
Ai quiles he up iſ hondes bead,
3384
Amalechkes folc fledde for agte of dead, Amalek is overcome
by the holding up of
And quane he let[314] iſ hondes niðer, Moses' hands.
Amalech folc fagt hard and wiðer;
Quane it wurð war, vr[315] and aaron
He iſ under-leiden wið an ſton, 3388
Til ſunne him ſeilede in ðe weſt;
ðus fagt Moyſes ðor alðer-beſt. Thus Moses fought
best of all.
Amalech fleg, and iſrael
Hadde hegere hond, and timede wel. 3392
ðo ſente god to moyſen,
wið ðis timing to muning ben,
"Get ſal ðe kinde of amalech The future destruction
3396 of Amalek.
Ben al fled dun in deades wrech."
312]
MS. rafaclim.
313]
MS. de.
314]
MS. leth.
ðat herdes folc him louerd toch; 3372
Wopened he ben a-gen iſrael.
Moyſes ear it wiſte wel, Moses sends Joshua
with the army to fight
And ſente agen hem king ihesum, with Amalek.
wið folc iſrael wopened ſum; 3376
He let bi-aften ðe[313] more del,
To kepen here ðing al wel. Moses, accompanied
by Aaron and Hur,
He, and aaron, and hur ben gon, goes up to the top of a
Heg up to a dune ſone o-non; 3380 hill, and prays for the
folk of Israel.
Moyſes bad [for] folc yſrael, [Fol. 66.]
And hiſe benes hem holpen wel;
Ai quiles he up iſ hondes bead,
3384
Amalechkes folc fledde for agte of dead, Amalek is overcome
by the holding up of
And quane he let[314] iſ hondes niðer, Moses' hands.
Amalech folc fagt hard and wiðer;
Quane it wurð war, vr[315] and aaron
He iſ under-leiden wið an ſton, 3388
Til ſunne him ſeilede in ðe weſt;
ðus fagt Moyſes ðor alðer-beſt. Thus Moses fought
best of all.
Amalech fleg, and iſrael
Hadde hegere hond, and timede wel. 3392
ðo ſente god to moyſen,
wið ðis timing to muning ben,
"Get ſal ðe kinde of amalech The future destruction
3396 of Amalek.
Ben al fled dun in deades wrech."
312]
MS. rafaclim.
313]
MS. de.
314]
MS. leth.
Page 183
315]
MS. ut.
JETHRO VISITS MOSES.
Moyſes made ðor alter on, Moses raises an altar.
"Min bliſ" iſ name ðor-one don.
Jethro visits Moses,
ÐO cam ietro to moysen,
To ſpeken him and ðo kinnes-men, 3400
And ſephora, moyſes wif, bringing with him
Zipporah and her two
And hire two ſunes of faiger lif; sons.
Ietro liſtnede moyſes tale,
Of him and pharaon ðe dwale, 3404 Moses relates to him
the destruction of
And ðhankede[316] it almigten wel, Pharaoh.
ðat waſ bi-tid for iſrael;
And at wið moyſen feſtelike, [Fol. 66b.]
And tagte him ſiðen witterlike 3408 Jethro counsels Moses
to appoint rulers of the
Vnder him helpes oðere don, people,
ðat folc ſtering to ſtreng[t]hen on.
Al bi ðhuſenz ðiſ folc was told, rulers of thousands,
Ilc ðhuſent adde a meiſter wold; 3412
And vnder ðiſ tgen[317] ſteres ben,
Ilc here on hundred to bi-ſen; rulers of hundreds,
Vnder ðis ilc two ſteres wunen,
And vnder hem fif oðere numen; 3416 rulers of fifties,
Ilc of ðe .v. ſteres-men and rulers of tens.
Vnder hem welden in ſtere tgen.[317]
If ymong .x. wurð ogt miſ-don, An appeal to be made
3420 from the ruler of ten,
Here ſtere rigten [ſulde] ðor-on,
And if he ne mai it rigten wel,
Taunet iſ meiſter euerilc del; to the ruler of
hundreds,
And if he rigten it ne can,
He taune it al hiſ ouer-man, 3424 and thence to the
superior ruler.
Ai ſo forð fro man to man,
Til he it here, ðe rigten can;
MS. ut.
JETHRO VISITS MOSES.
Moyſes made ðor alter on, Moses raises an altar.
"Min bliſ" iſ name ðor-one don.
Jethro visits Moses,
ÐO cam ietro to moysen,
To ſpeken him and ðo kinnes-men, 3400
And ſephora, moyſes wif, bringing with him
Zipporah and her two
And hire two ſunes of faiger lif; sons.
Ietro liſtnede moyſes tale,
Of him and pharaon ðe dwale, 3404 Moses relates to him
the destruction of
And ðhankede[316] it almigten wel, Pharaoh.
ðat waſ bi-tid for iſrael;
And at wið moyſen feſtelike, [Fol. 66b.]
And tagte him ſiðen witterlike 3408 Jethro counsels Moses
to appoint rulers of the
Vnder him helpes oðere don, people,
ðat folc ſtering to ſtreng[t]hen on.
Al bi ðhuſenz ðiſ folc was told, rulers of thousands,
Ilc ðhuſent adde a meiſter wold; 3412
And vnder ðiſ tgen[317] ſteres ben,
Ilc here on hundred to bi-ſen; rulers of hundreds,
Vnder ðis ilc two ſteres wunen,
And vnder hem fif oðere numen; 3416 rulers of fifties,
Ilc of ðe .v. ſteres-men and rulers of tens.
Vnder hem welden in ſtere tgen.[317]
If ymong .x. wurð ogt miſ-don, An appeal to be made
3420 from the ruler of ten,
Here ſtere rigten [ſulde] ðor-on,
And if he ne mai it rigten wel,
Taunet iſ meiſter euerilc del; to the ruler of
hundreds,
And if he rigten it ne can,
He taune it al hiſ ouer-man, 3424 and thence to the
superior ruler.
Ai ſo forð fro man to man,
Til he it here, ðe rigten can;
Page 184
If it ne mai or rigted ben, The final appeal to be
3428 made to Moses.
ſo ſal it cumen to moysen.
He bad him cheſen ſtereſ-men These rulers were to be
able men, god-fearing,
Migti, ðe gode-frigti ben, lovers of truth, and
ðe ſoð-faſtneſſe lef ben, haters of covetousness.
And ðe niðing [and] giſcing flen. 3432
316]
MS. ðahankede.
317]
en?
THE PEOPLE COME TO SINAI.
ðiſ red ðhugte moyſes ful god, [Fol. 67.]
Moses accepts the
And leuelike it under-ſtod. counsel.
Ietro wente in-to his lond a-gen;
Al[ſ] he redde, al-ſo gan it ben. 3436
In the third month of
Ðe ðridde moneð in iſ cumen, the year Exodus, and
in the forty-seventh
To ſynay ðiſ folc iſ numen; day after they left
Egypt,
ðe ſeuene and forwerti dai
ðat he nomen fro egipte awei, 3440
Vnder ðiſ munt he funden ſteden, the people come to the
desert of Sinai.
And here teldes ðor he deden.
On oðer daiges morgen quile,
3444
God tauned[318] moyſi quat he wile.
"Sei ðiſ folc ðat nu ðolen,
for iſ here ðhogt nogt me for-holen; God's message by
Moses unto the people
'If ye liſten lefful to me, out of the mount.
Ic wile min folc owen be.'" 3448
And moyſes tolde ðiſ iſrael,
And him heten euerilc del,
ðat hem bideð, ſulen he don.
God dede moyſes ðiſ bodeword on, 3452
3428 made to Moses.
ſo ſal it cumen to moysen.
He bad him cheſen ſtereſ-men These rulers were to be
able men, god-fearing,
Migti, ðe gode-frigti ben, lovers of truth, and
ðe ſoð-faſtneſſe lef ben, haters of covetousness.
And ðe niðing [and] giſcing flen. 3432
316]
MS. ðahankede.
317]
en?
THE PEOPLE COME TO SINAI.
ðiſ red ðhugte moyſes ful god, [Fol. 67.]
Moses accepts the
And leuelike it under-ſtod. counsel.
Ietro wente in-to his lond a-gen;
Al[ſ] he redde, al-ſo gan it ben. 3436
In the third month of
Ðe ðridde moneð in iſ cumen, the year Exodus, and
in the forty-seventh
To ſynay ðiſ folc iſ numen; day after they left
Egypt,
ðe ſeuene and forwerti dai
ðat he nomen fro egipte awei, 3440
Vnder ðiſ munt he funden ſteden, the people come to the
desert of Sinai.
And here teldes ðor he deden.
On oðer daiges morgen quile,
3444
God tauned[318] moyſi quat he wile.
"Sei ðiſ folc ðat nu ðolen,
for iſ here ðhogt nogt me for-holen; God's message by
Moses unto the people
'If ye liſten lefful to me, out of the mount.
Ic wile min folc owen be.'" 3448
And moyſes tolde ðiſ iſrael,
And him heten euerilc del,
ðat hem bideð, ſulen he don.
God dede moyſes ðiſ bodeword on, 3452
Page 185
"Clenſe ðiſ folc wel ðiſ to daiges, The people are to be
prepared against the
And bidde hem leden clene la[i]ges; third day.
Abute ðiſ munt ðu merke make,[319]
If erf or man ðor-one take, 3456
It dead ðolen, wið ſtones ſlagen, The mountain must
not be touched.
Or to dead wið goren dragen;
ðiſ frig[t]ful [folc] ðus a-biden, [Fol. 67b.]
Quiles ðiſ daiges for[ð] ben gliden." 3460
On the third day there
Ðe ðridde daiges morge quile, were thunders and
lightning and a thick
ðunder and leuene made ſpile, cloud upon the mount.
On ðiſ munt ſtod, and ſkies caſt,
And dinede an migtful hornes blast; 3464
Smoke up-rekeð and munt quakeð, Smoke up reeked and
the mount quaked.
Slep ðor non ðe[320] ðane up-wakeð;
Ai was moſes one in ðis dine,
ðiſ folc wende hauen for-loren hine;[321]3468
318]
? tauneð.
319]
MS. made.
320]
MS. de.
321]
MS. himine.
MOSES RECEIVES THE TEN COMMANDMENTS.
Oc he cam faiger and fer him to,
And gan wið hem ſpeken ſo; Moses addresses the
people.
"Ilc gure wel in herte mune,
Ne iſt nogt moyſes, amrame ſune, 3472
prepared against the
And bidde hem leden clene la[i]ges; third day.
Abute ðiſ munt ðu merke make,[319]
If erf or man ðor-one take, 3456
It dead ðolen, wið ſtones ſlagen, The mountain must
not be touched.
Or to dead wið goren dragen;
ðiſ frig[t]ful [folc] ðus a-biden, [Fol. 67b.]
Quiles ðiſ daiges for[ð] ben gliden." 3460
On the third day there
Ðe ðridde daiges morge quile, were thunders and
lightning and a thick
ðunder and leuene made ſpile, cloud upon the mount.
On ðiſ munt ſtod, and ſkies caſt,
And dinede an migtful hornes blast; 3464
Smoke up-rekeð and munt quakeð, Smoke up reeked and
the mount quaked.
Slep ðor non ðe[320] ðane up-wakeð;
Ai was moſes one in ðis dine,
ðiſ folc wende hauen for-loren hine;[321]3468
318]
? tauneð.
319]
MS. made.
320]
MS. de.
321]
MS. himine.
MOSES RECEIVES THE TEN COMMANDMENTS.
Oc he cam faiger and fer him to,
And gan wið hem ſpeken ſo; Moses addresses the
people.
"Ilc gure wel in herte mune,
Ne iſt nogt moyſes, amrame ſune, 3472
Page 186
ðe ge ſulen to dai here ſpeken; He reminds them of
their deliverance from
Oc he ðe ſlog, gu for to wreken, the Egyptians,
Egypte, an weige made in ðe se,
And let adam fonden ðe tre 3476
ðe noe barg, and abraham
Ledde vt in-to lond canaan; and of God's kindness
to their ancestors, to
Of olde abraham and of ſarra bigeten Abraham, to Isaac, and
Dede yſaac, of olde teten; 3480 Joseph.
ðe gaf yſaac so manige ſunen,
ðe Ioſep dede ſo riche wunen;
His word gu wurðe digere[322] al-ſo lif,
Digere[322] or eiðer child or wif. 3484
Cumeð her forð, and beð alle reken, [Fol. 68.]
And lereð wel quat he ſal ſpeken."
He ledde hem to ðe muntes fot, Moses leadeth the
3488 people to the foot of
Non but non[323] forðere ne mot, the mount.
And on iſ broðer aaron;
God bad hem ðat merke ouer-gon;
ðo ſo ſpac god ſo brigt-like,
ðat alle he it herden witterlike. 3492
The Ten
LOke ðat ðu god oðer ne make, Commandments.
First Commandment.
Ne oðer ðan me ðat ðu ne take.
for ic am god, gelus and ſtrong,
Min wreche iſ hard, min ðole iſ long. 3496
Third Commandment.
Tac ðu nogt in idel min name[n],
Ne ſwer it les to fele in gamen,
Ne let ðu nogt min wurðfulhed
for-faren in ðe fendes red. 3500
Fourth Commandment.
Min hali dai ðu halge wel,
An do ðin dede on oðer ſel.
Fifth Commandment.
Wurð ðin fader and moder ſo,
ðat ðu hem drede and helpe do. 3504
their deliverance from
Oc he ðe ſlog, gu for to wreken, the Egyptians,
Egypte, an weige made in ðe se,
And let adam fonden ðe tre 3476
ðe noe barg, and abraham
Ledde vt in-to lond canaan; and of God's kindness
to their ancestors, to
Of olde abraham and of ſarra bigeten Abraham, to Isaac, and
Dede yſaac, of olde teten; 3480 Joseph.
ðe gaf yſaac so manige ſunen,
ðe Ioſep dede ſo riche wunen;
His word gu wurðe digere[322] al-ſo lif,
Digere[322] or eiðer child or wif. 3484
Cumeð her forð, and beð alle reken, [Fol. 68.]
And lereð wel quat he ſal ſpeken."
He ledde hem to ðe muntes fot, Moses leadeth the
3488 people to the foot of
Non but non[323] forðere ne mot, the mount.
And on iſ broðer aaron;
God bad hem ðat merke ouer-gon;
ðo ſo ſpac god ſo brigt-like,
ðat alle he it herden witterlike. 3492
The Ten
LOke ðat ðu god oðer ne make, Commandments.
First Commandment.
Ne oðer ðan me ðat ðu ne take.
for ic am god, gelus and ſtrong,
Min wreche iſ hard, min ðole iſ long. 3496
Third Commandment.
Tac ðu nogt in idel min name[n],
Ne ſwer it les to fele in gamen,
Ne let ðu nogt min wurðfulhed
for-faren in ðe fendes red. 3500
Fourth Commandment.
Min hali dai ðu halge wel,
An do ðin dede on oðer ſel.
Fifth Commandment.
Wurð ðin fader and moder ſo,
ðat ðu hem drede and helpe do. 3504
Page 187
322]
= dgere = diere = dere.
323]
? Nun.
THE PEOPLE ARE AFRAID.
Sixth Commandment.
Ne ſlo ðu nogt wið hond ne wil,
Ne rend, ne beat nogt wið vn-ſkil;
Help de nedful, ðat he ne be dead
for truke of ðin helpe an[d] read. 3508
Seventh
Oc horedom ðat ðu ne do, Commandment.
Ne wend no lecherie to.
[Fol. 68b.]
Loke ðe wel ðat ðu ne ſtele, Eighth Commandment.
Ne reflac, ne ðefte, for-hele.[324] 3512
Ninth Commandment.
Falſe witneſſe ðat [325]
ðu ne bere,
Ne wið ðe leſe non ma[n][326] ne dere.
Tenth Commandment.
Ne giſce ðu nog[t] ðin neſtes ðing,
Huſ, ne agte, ne wif, in ðin giſcing; 3516
For if ðu it gernes and giſſe,
ðu tines vn-ended bliſce."
The Israelites at the
Ðiſ for-frigted folc figeren ſtod, foot of the mount are in
great dread and fear.
dredful, and bleð, and ſori mod; 3520
Herden ðat dredful beames blaſt,
Sogen ðat figer, dred held hem faſt.
ðo ſeiden he to moyſen,
3524 They intreat Moses to
stand between them
= dgere = diere = dere.
323]
? Nun.
THE PEOPLE ARE AFRAID.
Sixth Commandment.
Ne ſlo ðu nogt wið hond ne wil,
Ne rend, ne beat nogt wið vn-ſkil;
Help de nedful, ðat he ne be dead
for truke of ðin helpe an[d] read. 3508
Seventh
Oc horedom ðat ðu ne do, Commandment.
Ne wend no lecherie to.
[Fol. 68b.]
Loke ðe wel ðat ðu ne ſtele, Eighth Commandment.
Ne reflac, ne ðefte, for-hele.[324] 3512
Ninth Commandment.
Falſe witneſſe ðat [325]
ðu ne bere,
Ne wið ðe leſe non ma[n][326] ne dere.
Tenth Commandment.
Ne giſce ðu nog[t] ðin neſtes ðing,
Huſ, ne agte, ne wif, in ðin giſcing; 3516
For if ðu it gernes and giſſe,
ðu tines vn-ended bliſce."
The Israelites at the
Ðiſ for-frigted folc figeren ſtod, foot of the mount are in
great dread and fear.
dredful, and bleð, and ſori mod; 3520
Herden ðat dredful beames blaſt,
Sogen ðat figer, dred held hem faſt.
ðo ſeiden he to moyſen,
3524 They intreat Moses to
stand between them
Page 188
"Be ðu nu god and us bi-twen, and God.
Her nu quat god ſal more queðen,
And tellet uſ ſiðen her bi-neðen."
And moyſes ſteg up a-non,
God hem bad bodes manige on 3528 God gave to Moses
many commandments
And lages; and hu he ſulen maken and laws,
ðe tabernacle, and wor-of taken
ðe gold, and ſiluer, and ðe bras, instructed him
3532 concerning the making
ðe ſyðen don ðor-on[327] was, of the Tabernacle,
And nemeld it beſeel,
And two oðere to maken it wel; and gave him two
tables of stone upon
And gaf to[328] tabeles of ſton, which were written the
And .x. bodeword writen ðor-on. 3536 Ten Commandments.
[Fol. 69.]
Ðor quiles moyſes was up wið gode,
And liſtenede al ðat leue bode,
324]
MS. for for hele.
325]
MS. dat.
326]
MS. ma.
327]
MS. dor-on.
328]
wo?
THEY WORSHIP A GOLDEN CALF.
The people, in the
Swilc wod-hed ðiſ folc[329] cam on, absence of Moses, said
ðat he ſeiden to aaraon, 3540
unto Aaron,
Her nu quat god ſal more queðen,
And tellet uſ ſiðen her bi-neðen."
And moyſes ſteg up a-non,
God hem bad bodes manige on 3528 God gave to Moses
many commandments
And lages; and hu he ſulen maken and laws,
ðe tabernacle, and wor-of taken
ðe gold, and ſiluer, and ðe bras, instructed him
3532 concerning the making
ðe ſyðen don ðor-on[327] was, of the Tabernacle,
And nemeld it beſeel,
And two oðere to maken it wel; and gave him two
tables of stone upon
And gaf to[328] tabeles of ſton, which were written the
And .x. bodeword writen ðor-on. 3536 Ten Commandments.
[Fol. 69.]
Ðor quiles moyſes was up wið gode,
And liſtenede al ðat leue bode,
324]
MS. for for hele.
325]
MS. dat.
326]
MS. ma.
327]
MS. dor-on.
328]
wo?
THEY WORSHIP A GOLDEN CALF.
The people, in the
Swilc wod-hed ðiſ folc[329] cam on, absence of Moses, said
ðat he ſeiden to aaraon, 3540
unto Aaron,
Page 189
"Mac vs godes foren us to gon, "Make us gods to go
before us,"
of moyſes haue we helpe non."
Aaron and vr ſtoden a-gen,
And boden hem ſwilc ðhowtes leten; 3544
ðat wod folc ðor ur of dage
Brogten, and deden aaron in age; and compelled him to
make a molten calf,
Here faigere ringes he boden taken,
And don in fier, and geten, and maken 3548
An calf of gold, and [an] alter
Made ðat folc, and lutten it ðer,
And ðat calf ofrendes deden, which they
3552 worshipped.
And made gret feſt in ðat ſtede[n].
Ðo ſeide god to moyſen,
"Go ðu nu dun ðin folc to ſen, God is angered
thereby.
He hauen ſineged and miſdon,
Let me taken wreche ðer-on." 3556
Moses intreateth for
L
" Oruerd, [330]
merci!" quad moyſes, them.
"get ne let hem nogt helpe-les;
If he nu her wurðen ſlagen,
Egipte folc ſal ðor-of ben fagen, 3560
And ſeyen ðat he ben bi-ſwiken,
In ðe deſert wel liðerlike;[331]
And ðenk, louerd,[330] quat ben bi-foren [Fol. 69b.]
Abram, and yſaac, and iacob ſworen." 3564
God listeneth to
God liſtnede wel[332] al ðis anſwere; Moses, and is
ðat he ðis folc al ðer[333] ne dere. appeased.
And moyſes gan neðer-ten,
And Ioſu cam him a-gen, 3568 Moses came down
with the tables,
Alſ he was ilc dai wune to don,
quil moyſes ðat munt was on.
Quat Ioſue to moyſi,
"Ic wene he figten dun her-bi," 3572
329]
before us,"
of moyſes haue we helpe non."
Aaron and vr ſtoden a-gen,
And boden hem ſwilc ðhowtes leten; 3544
ðat wod folc ðor ur of dage
Brogten, and deden aaron in age; and compelled him to
make a molten calf,
Here faigere ringes he boden taken,
And don in fier, and geten, and maken 3548
An calf of gold, and [an] alter
Made ðat folc, and lutten it ðer,
And ðat calf ofrendes deden, which they
3552 worshipped.
And made gret feſt in ðat ſtede[n].
Ðo ſeide god to moyſen,
"Go ðu nu dun ðin folc to ſen, God is angered
thereby.
He hauen ſineged and miſdon,
Let me taken wreche ðer-on." 3556
Moses intreateth for
L
" Oruerd, [330]
merci!" quad moyſes, them.
"get ne let hem nogt helpe-les;
If he nu her wurðen ſlagen,
Egipte folc ſal ðor-of ben fagen, 3560
And ſeyen ðat he ben bi-ſwiken,
In ðe deſert wel liðerlike;[331]
And ðenk, louerd,[330] quat ben bi-foren [Fol. 69b.]
Abram, and yſaac, and iacob ſworen." 3564
God listeneth to
God liſtnede wel[332] al ðis anſwere; Moses, and is
ðat he ðis folc al ðer[333] ne dere. appeased.
And moyſes gan neðer-ten,
And Ioſu cam him a-gen, 3568 Moses came down
with the tables,
Alſ he was ilc dai wune to don,
quil moyſes ðat munt was on.
Quat Ioſue to moyſi,
"Ic wene he figten dun her-bi," 3572
329]
Page 190
MS. has "ðiſ folc" twice over.
330]
MS. louerð.
331]
MS. liderlike.
332]
MS. wel and wel.
333]
MS. alðer.
THE IDOLATERS ARE SLAIN.
"Nai, for gode," quad moyſes,
"It iſ a ſong wikke and redles."
Moyſes cam ner and ſag ðiſ plages,[334] and seeing the idolatry
of the people, he brake
And ðiſ calf, and ðiſ ille lages; 3576
them in pieces.
So wurð he wroð, o mode ſarp,
Hiſ tables broken dun he iſ warp,
And dede ðat calf melten in fir, The calf he burnt and
3580 ground to powder, and
And ſtired it al to duſt ſir, mixed it with the
And mengde in water and forð it of, water they drank.
And gaf ðat folc drinken ðat drof.
ðo wiſte he wel quilc hauen it don,
Sene it was here berdes on. 3584
ðo gredde he lude, "goð me to,
Alle ðe god luuen so."
Frend ne broðer ne ſpared he nogt Moses caused the
idolaters to be put to
On of hem ðat haued ðiſ wunder wrogt;3588 death.
Of ðo ðe weren to ðiſ red, [Fol. 70.]
.xxx. hundred to ðe dead The number slain were
about 3000.
woren ðane don ſone a-non,
ðurg ſtrengðe of moyſes and aaron; 3592
On oðer ſtede men writen ſen,
330]
MS. louerð.
331]
MS. liderlike.
332]
MS. wel and wel.
333]
MS. alðer.
THE IDOLATERS ARE SLAIN.
"Nai, for gode," quad moyſes,
"It iſ a ſong wikke and redles."
Moyſes cam ner and ſag ðiſ plages,[334] and seeing the idolatry
of the people, he brake
And ðiſ calf, and ðiſ ille lages; 3576
them in pieces.
So wurð he wroð, o mode ſarp,
Hiſ tables broken dun he iſ warp,
And dede ðat calf melten in fir, The calf he burnt and
3580 ground to powder, and
And ſtired it al to duſt ſir, mixed it with the
And mengde in water and forð it of, water they drank.
And gaf ðat folc drinken ðat drof.
ðo wiſte he wel quilc hauen it don,
Sene it was here berdes on. 3584
ðo gredde he lude, "goð me to,
Alle ðe god luuen so."
Frend ne broðer ne ſpared he nogt Moses caused the
idolaters to be put to
On of hem ðat haued ðiſ wunder wrogt;3588 death.
Of ðo ðe weren to ðiſ red, [Fol. 70.]
.xxx. hundred to ðe dead The number slain were
about 3000.
woren ðane don ſone a-non,
ðurg ſtrengðe of moyſes and aaron; 3592
On oðer ſtede men writen ſen,
Page 191
xxiii. ðhusent ðat ðor ben;
On the morrow, Moses
Ðo woren on liue ſumdel les. reminded the people
of their sin.
On oðer dai quad moyſes, 3596
"Michel ſinne haue ðe[335] don,[336]
Ic ſal gon ſeken bote her on."
Eft he ſteg up to munt ſynay, He returned to Mount
3600 Sinai to seek God's
for to bi-ſeken god merci. mercy.
"Louerd," quad he, "ðin meðe iſ god,
Merci get for ðin milde mod![337]
Or ðu ðiſ folc wið milche mod,[338]
Or do min name ut of ðin boc." 3604
God promises to send
God anſwerede, "of ſal ic don his angel before the
people.
Hem, ðe arn nogt to ben ðor-on;
Go, led ðiſ folc, min engel on
334]
MS. wlages.
335]
ge?
336]
MS. Michel ſinne quað haue ðe don.
337]
? milde-hod.
338]
MS. moð.
THE TABLES ARE RENEWED.
Sal ic don ðe bi-foren gon." 3608
Ebrus ſeigen it waſ michael
On the morrow, Moses
Ðo woren on liue ſumdel les. reminded the people
of their sin.
On oðer dai quad moyſes, 3596
"Michel ſinne haue ðe[335] don,[336]
Ic ſal gon ſeken bote her on."
Eft he ſteg up to munt ſynay, He returned to Mount
3600 Sinai to seek God's
for to bi-ſeken god merci. mercy.
"Louerd," quad he, "ðin meðe iſ god,
Merci get for ðin milde mod![337]
Or ðu ðiſ folc wið milche mod,[338]
Or do min name ut of ðin boc." 3604
God promises to send
God anſwerede, "of ſal ic don his angel before the
people.
Hem, ðe arn nogt to ben ðor-on;
Go, led ðiſ folc, min engel on
334]
MS. wlages.
335]
ge?
336]
MS. Michel ſinne quað haue ðe don.
337]
? milde-hod.
338]
MS. moð.
THE TABLES ARE RENEWED.
Sal ic don ðe bi-foren gon." 3608
Ebrus ſeigen it waſ michael
Page 192
Engel ðe ſiðen ledde hem wel.
Moyſes faſtede ſiðen to pligt
xl. daiges and xl. nigt; 3612
Oðere tables he brogte eft(.) writen, Moses received other
tables.
And ſunne-bem brigt ſon iſ wliten
ðat folc on him ne migte ſen [Fol. 70b.]
But a veil wore hem bi-twen. 3616
Ðo waſ ðiſ folc frigti and rad The Israelites offer
Moses gold and silver
To don al ðat moyſes hem bad; for the tabernacle.
Offreden him ſiluer and golde,
And oðer metal ſwilc he wolde; 3620
He it bi-tagte beſſeleel, Bezaleel and Aholiab
are appointed for the
And eliab, he maden wel work of the tabernacle.
ðe tabernacle alſ hem was tagt,
Goten and grauen wið witter dragt; 3624
.vii. moneð ðor-buten he ben, Seven months they
were about it.
And here ſwinc wel he bi-ten;
for ſwilc huſ was ear neuere wrogt,
Ne ſwilc ſafte her on werlde brogt; 3628
God it tagte al ear moyſen God taught Moses the
fashion of it.
Wiſlike hu it wrogt ſulde ben,
Quilc ſrud, quat offrende, quilc[339] lage,
And quat for luue, and quat for age. 3632
Aaron biſſop, oðere of ðat kin, Aaron and others of
his kin were appointed
Sette he hem for to ſeruen ðor-in. to serve in the
Bokes he wrot of lore wal, tabernacle.
Hu ðiſ folc hem rigt leden ſal, 3636
Betten miſ-dedes, and clene lif
Leden, wið-uten [h]ate and ſtrif.
Twelve months passed
Twelf moneð forð ben alle cumen, ere the people
departed from Sinai.
Or he fro ſynay ben forð numen; 3640
On ðat oðer twentiðe[340] dai, [Fol. 71.]
On the twentieth day
of ðe oðe[r] moneð[341] tagte he wei; of the second month
(in the second year),
ðat brigte ſkie bi-foren hem fleg,[342]
Moyſes faſtede ſiðen to pligt
xl. daiges and xl. nigt; 3612
Oðere tables he brogte eft(.) writen, Moses received other
tables.
And ſunne-bem brigt ſon iſ wliten
ðat folc on him ne migte ſen [Fol. 70b.]
But a veil wore hem bi-twen. 3616
Ðo waſ ðiſ folc frigti and rad The Israelites offer
Moses gold and silver
To don al ðat moyſes hem bad; for the tabernacle.
Offreden him ſiluer and golde,
And oðer metal ſwilc he wolde; 3620
He it bi-tagte beſſeleel, Bezaleel and Aholiab
are appointed for the
And eliab, he maden wel work of the tabernacle.
ðe tabernacle alſ hem was tagt,
Goten and grauen wið witter dragt; 3624
.vii. moneð ðor-buten he ben, Seven months they
were about it.
And here ſwinc wel he bi-ten;
for ſwilc huſ was ear neuere wrogt,
Ne ſwilc ſafte her on werlde brogt; 3628
God it tagte al ear moyſen God taught Moses the
fashion of it.
Wiſlike hu it wrogt ſulde ben,
Quilc ſrud, quat offrende, quilc[339] lage,
And quat for luue, and quat for age. 3632
Aaron biſſop, oðere of ðat kin, Aaron and others of
his kin were appointed
Sette he hem for to ſeruen ðor-in. to serve in the
Bokes he wrot of lore wal, tabernacle.
Hu ðiſ folc hem rigt leden ſal, 3636
Betten miſ-dedes, and clene lif
Leden, wið-uten [h]ate and ſtrif.
Twelve months passed
Twelf moneð forð ben alle cumen, ere the people
departed from Sinai.
Or he fro ſynay ben forð numen; 3640
On ðat oðer twentiðe[340] dai, [Fol. 71.]
On the twentieth day
of ðe oðe[r] moneð[341] tagte he wei; of the second month
(in the second year),
ðat brigte ſkie bi-foren hem fleg,[342]
Page 193
339]
MS. quil.
340]
MS. twentide.
341]
MS. moned.
342]
MS. flegt.
THE BURNING AT TABERAH.
And ðiſ folc ðor after teg. 3644 the Israelites departed
from Sinai,
ðre dages and nigtes faren it gan
And wið-ſtod in ðe deſerd pharan; and came into the
wilderness of Paran.
ðiſ folc iſ after ſofte togen,
And hauen ſwinc in weige drogen; 3648 For their complaining,
for ðat ſwinc he grucheden ðor,
ðor-fore hem cam on more ſor.
fier iſ on hem bi-ſiden ligt, the fire of the Lord
3652 consumed them,
fele it brende and made o-frigt,
Moyſes it bleſſ[ed]e wið his bede, but is quenched by the
prayers of Moses.
And brenninge he calde ðat ſtede.
Here hine-folc ðe waſ hem mide,
And ſumme of hem ðor ille dede, 3656
He gerneden after oðer mete[n], The people lust for
flesh and loathe
Of manna he ben for-hirked to eten; manna.
He greten up-on moyſen,
And he to god made his bi-men. 3660
"Loruerd!" quad he, "ðiſ folc iſ ðin, Moses complains of
his charge.
And al ðis ſorge nu iſ min;
But ic haue an oðer[343] read,
3664
Ðu ſalt me raðe don[344] ðolen dead."
MS. quil.
340]
MS. twentide.
341]
MS. moned.
342]
MS. flegt.
THE BURNING AT TABERAH.
And ðiſ folc ðor after teg. 3644 the Israelites departed
from Sinai,
ðre dages and nigtes faren it gan
And wið-ſtod in ðe deſerd pharan; and came into the
wilderness of Paran.
ðiſ folc iſ after ſofte togen,
And hauen ſwinc in weige drogen; 3648 For their complaining,
for ðat ſwinc he grucheden ðor,
ðor-fore hem cam on more ſor.
fier iſ on hem bi-ſiden ligt, the fire of the Lord
3652 consumed them,
fele it brende and made o-frigt,
Moyſes it bleſſ[ed]e wið his bede, but is quenched by the
prayers of Moses.
And brenninge he calde ðat ſtede.
Here hine-folc ðe waſ hem mide,
And ſumme of hem ðor ille dede, 3656
He gerneden after oðer mete[n], The people lust for
flesh and loathe
Of manna he ben for-hirked to eten; manna.
He greten up-on moyſen,
And he to god made his bi-men. 3660
"Loruerd!" quad he, "ðiſ folc iſ ðin, Moses complains of
his charge.
And al ðis ſorge nu iſ min;
But ic haue an oðer[343] read,
3664
Ðu ſalt me raðe don[344] ðolen dead."
Page 194
Quað god, "ches ðe nu her ſeuenti God commands him to
choose seventy wise
Wiſe men to ſtonden ðe bi, men to help him in the
government of the
people.
And ic ſal hem geuen witter-hed, [Fol. 71b.]
And he ðe ſulen don helpe at ned; 3668
And ðin folc ſal to-morgen bi-geten
ynog fles(.) into a moneð[345] for to eten."
Moyſes was bliðe an glad [346]
of ðis,
And ches ðo men [ðe] god made wiſ; 3672 The appointment of
seventy elders.
waſ here non of herte dim,
prophetis he weren and holpen him.
Fro lond ortigie cam a wind,
And brogte turles michel mind; 3676 Quails are sent in
wrath at Kibroth-
It flogen longe, and ðikke, and wel Hattaavah.
Abuten ðe folc of yſrael;
Two daiges hem ben fugeles cumen, For two days the fowls
came.
343]
MS. oder.
344]
MS. ðon.
345]
MS. moned.
346]
MS. glað.
MIRIAM IS SMITTEN WITH LEPROSY.
So fele he wilen, he [h]auen numen, 3680
And dried and holden to eten;
choose seventy wise
Wiſe men to ſtonden ðe bi, men to help him in the
government of the
people.
And ic ſal hem geuen witter-hed, [Fol. 71b.]
And he ðe ſulen don helpe at ned; 3668
And ðin folc ſal to-morgen bi-geten
ynog fles(.) into a moneð[345] for to eten."
Moyſes was bliðe an glad [346]
of ðis,
And ches ðo men [ðe] god made wiſ; 3672 The appointment of
seventy elders.
waſ here non of herte dim,
prophetis he weren and holpen him.
Fro lond ortigie cam a wind,
And brogte turles michel mind; 3676 Quails are sent in
wrath at Kibroth-
It flogen longe, and ðikke, and wel Hattaavah.
Abuten ðe folc of yſrael;
Two daiges hem ben fugeles cumen, For two days the fowls
came.
343]
MS. oder.
344]
MS. ðon.
345]
MS. moned.
346]
MS. glað.
MIRIAM IS SMITTEN WITH LEPROSY.
So fele he wilen, he [h]auen numen, 3680
And dried and holden to eten;
Page 195
Oc god ne wile[347] it nogt for-geten;
ðat gruching hauen he derre bogt, The Lord smote the
people with a plague
fier haueð[348] on hem ðe wreche wrogt,3684 because of their
Brend and doluen waſ ðat folc ſoth; murmuring.
ðat ſtede beð cald ðor-fore cabroth.
The people come to
FOrð he nomen to aſſaroth, Hazaroth.
3688 Miriam speaks against
ðor wurð maria ſumdel ſoth,[349] Moses,
for ſche ðor haueð wið moyſes fliten;
ðor wurð ghe ðanne wið lepre ſmiten, and is smitten with
leprosy.
And vten ſundred .vii. nigt,
In grot and in ſrifte, ſore offrigt;[350] 3692
Moyſes bi-ſogte, and ſche wurð fer [Fol. 72.]
And frend, and cam ðat[351] broðer ner.
The people remove
FOrð nam ðiſ folc ſiðen fro ðan from Hazaroth and
come to Paran.
fele iurnes in-to pharan; 3696
Forð waſ gon al ðeſe oðer ger,
ðo he woren at ſyon-gaber;
Men are sent to search
Fro ðeðen[352] he ſente forð to ſen, the Land of Promise.
Quilc ðo riche londes ben, 3700
ðat god hem ſulde bringen in;
On man he ſente of ilc kin. One is sent from each
tribe.
xii. ſondere men ðor vte faren,
ðiſ hoten lond ðurg-vt he charen, 3704
xl. daigeſ faren ben; The spies having been
away forty days,
Bi ðanne quanne he wenten a-gen,
In-to cades ðe folc was ſogt.
ðeſ .xii. ðider hem hauen brogt 3708
Of ðe plenteð ðe god ðor gaf, return bringing with
them of the plenty of
An win-grape on an cuuel-ſtaf, the land.
And tolden hem ðe lond iſ god,
ful of erf and of netes brod; 3712
Oc burges ſtronge and folc v[n-]frigt, In Hebron they found
walled cities, stalworth
ſtalwurði to weren here rigt; men, and giants.
ðat gruching hauen he derre bogt, The Lord smote the
people with a plague
fier haueð[348] on hem ðe wreche wrogt,3684 because of their
Brend and doluen waſ ðat folc ſoth; murmuring.
ðat ſtede beð cald ðor-fore cabroth.
The people come to
FOrð he nomen to aſſaroth, Hazaroth.
3688 Miriam speaks against
ðor wurð maria ſumdel ſoth,[349] Moses,
for ſche ðor haueð wið moyſes fliten;
ðor wurð ghe ðanne wið lepre ſmiten, and is smitten with
leprosy.
And vten ſundred .vii. nigt,
In grot and in ſrifte, ſore offrigt;[350] 3692
Moyſes bi-ſogte, and ſche wurð fer [Fol. 72.]
And frend, and cam ðat[351] broðer ner.
The people remove
FOrð nam ðiſ folc ſiðen fro ðan from Hazaroth and
come to Paran.
fele iurnes in-to pharan; 3696
Forð waſ gon al ðeſe oðer ger,
ðo he woren at ſyon-gaber;
Men are sent to search
Fro ðeðen[352] he ſente forð to ſen, the Land of Promise.
Quilc ðo riche londes ben, 3700
ðat god hem ſulde bringen in;
On man he ſente of ilc kin. One is sent from each
tribe.
xii. ſondere men ðor vte faren,
ðiſ hoten lond ðurg-vt he charen, 3704
xl. daigeſ faren ben; The spies having been
away forty days,
Bi ðanne quanne he wenten a-gen,
In-to cades ðe folc was ſogt.
ðeſ .xii. ðider hem hauen brogt 3708
Of ðe plenteð ðe god ðor gaf, return bringing with
them of the plenty of
An win-grape on an cuuel-ſtaf, the land.
And tolden hem ðe lond iſ god,
ful of erf and of netes brod; 3712
Oc burges ſtronge and folc v[n-]frigt, In Hebron they found
walled cities, stalworth
ſtalwurði to weren here rigt; men, and giants.
Page 196
347]
MS. wile he.
348]
MS. haued.
349]
? sot.
350]
At the bottom of the page is the catchword—"Moyſes bi-ſogte, &."
351]
MS. dat.
352]
MS. ðeden.
THE REPORT OF THE SPIES.
And geteniſſe men ben in ebron,
Quilc men mai get wundren on. 3716
ðiſ folc ðo ſette up grot and gred, The Israelites murmur
at the news.
And ſeiden he folwen iuel red;
"Betre iſ vs get we wenden agen [Fol. 72b.]
And in egipte ðralles ben, 3720
ðan we wurðen her ſwerdeſ ſlagen,
And ure kin to ſorge dragen;[353] "A captain," said they,
"we will make, and
An loder-man we wilen us ſen, return into Egypt."
And wenden in-to egipte agen; 3724
Joshua and Caleb
Ðo quad Ioſue and calef, endeavour to still
them.
"Leateð ben ſwilc wurdes ref,
And doð nogt god almigten wrong,
Iſ milce iſ mikel, iſ ſtrenge iſ ſtrong." 3728
MS. wile he.
348]
MS. haued.
349]
? sot.
350]
At the bottom of the page is the catchword—"Moyſes bi-ſogte, &."
351]
MS. dat.
352]
MS. ðeden.
THE REPORT OF THE SPIES.
And geteniſſe men ben in ebron,
Quilc men mai get wundren on. 3716
ðiſ folc ðo ſette up grot and gred, The Israelites murmur
at the news.
And ſeiden he folwen iuel red;
"Betre iſ vs get we wenden agen [Fol. 72b.]
And in egipte ðralles ben, 3720
ðan we wurðen her ſwerdeſ ſlagen,
And ure kin to ſorge dragen;[353] "A captain," said they,
"we will make, and
An loder-man we wilen us ſen, return into Egypt."
And wenden in-to egipte agen; 3724
Joshua and Caleb
Ðo quad Ioſue and calef, endeavour to still
them.
"Leateð ben ſwilc wurdes ref,
And doð nogt god almigten wrong,
Iſ milce iſ mikel, iſ ſtrenge iſ ſtrong." 3728
Page 197
ðor ðrette god hem alle to ſlen, God threatens them.
If moyſes ne wore ðor agen;
Oc for iſ benes and for iſ ſake[n], For Moses' sake he
3732 spareth them.
get he ſal wið hem milche maken,
Oc alle he ſulen wenden a-gen, The murmurers are
deprived of entering
And in ðe deſert longe ben; the land.
And on ðe .xx. winter hold
or mor ut of egipte told, 3736
ðat hauen ðuſ often fand,
Ne ſulden welden ðat leue land,
Wið-vten Ioſue & calef, Joshua and Caleb are
3740 excepted.
Here rigt-wiſed waſ gode lef.
Much sorrow came
Moyſes told hem al ðis anſwere, upon the people.
And he ben ſmiten in ſorweſ dere;
Get he ſulen .xxx.vii. ger Yet thirty-seven years
3744 shall they be in the
In ðe deſert ben vten her. desert.
Agen he maden here dragt, [Fol. 73.]
Al-ſo ðat ſkie haueð[354] tagt.
Oſwas was moyſes eam, [355]
And chore was iſ bernteam; 3748
Ille nið iſ herte wexe on Korah, with two
hundred and fifty
A-gen moyſen and aaron, princes, rebel against
Moses.
353]
MS. ðragen.
354]
MS. haued.
355]
MS. cam.
THE REBELLION OF KORAH AND ABIRAM.
If moyſes ne wore ðor agen;
Oc for iſ benes and for iſ ſake[n], For Moses' sake he
3732 spareth them.
get he ſal wið hem milche maken,
Oc alle he ſulen wenden a-gen, The murmurers are
deprived of entering
And in ðe deſert longe ben; the land.
And on ðe .xx. winter hold
or mor ut of egipte told, 3736
ðat hauen ðuſ often fand,
Ne ſulden welden ðat leue land,
Wið-vten Ioſue & calef, Joshua and Caleb are
3740 excepted.
Here rigt-wiſed waſ gode lef.
Much sorrow came
Moyſes told hem al ðis anſwere, upon the people.
And he ben ſmiten in ſorweſ dere;
Get he ſulen .xxx.vii. ger Yet thirty-seven years
3744 shall they be in the
In ðe deſert ben vten her. desert.
Agen he maden here dragt, [Fol. 73.]
Al-ſo ðat ſkie haueð[354] tagt.
Oſwas was moyſes eam, [355]
And chore was iſ bernteam; 3748
Ille nið iſ herte wexe on Korah, with two
hundred and fifty
A-gen moyſen and aaron, princes, rebel against
Moses.
353]
MS. ðragen.
354]
MS. haued.
355]
MS. cam.
THE REBELLION OF KORAH AND ABIRAM.
Page 198
Hem two .ii. hundred men,
3752
And two[356] ðo .xl. and ten;
He ſeiden he weren wurði bet They said they were
more worthy to
to ðat ſeruiſe to ben ſet; perform the services of
And two migtful he hauen taken, the Tabernacle.
Meiſtres princes he wolden hem maken,3756
On dathan(.) an oðer Abiron. Dathan and Abiram
were joined to Korah.
Moyſes it herde and ſeide a-non,
"To-morwen beð her alle redi,
And ilc gure oðer ſtonde bi; 3760 Moses' directions to
the company of Korah.
And ilc gure hiſe reklefat,
And fier ðor-inne and timinge on ðat,
And ðan ſulde we brigte ſen,
Quilc gure ſal god quemest ben." 3764
And ðuſ it waſ on morgen don,
Ne wulde he, dathan(.) ne abiron, Dathan and Abiram
would not obey the
For orgel pride forð ðor cumen; command of Moses.
Moyſes wið[357] folc iſ to hem numen, 3768
In here teld he ſtonden a-gen
Moyſes and vr, [&] ne wulde gon;
Moyſes ðor gret and bad iſ bede, [Fol. 73b.]
And erðe denede[358] ſone in ðat ſtede, 3772 The earth swallowed
up Korah.
And opnede vnder [h]ere fet;
Held up neiðer ſton ne gret,
Alle he ſunken ðe erðe wið-in,
Wið wifes, and childre, and hines-kin, 3776
Swilc endeſið vn-bi-wen hauen;
None had need to toil
darð[359] noman ſwinken hem to grauen, in burying them.
ðiſ erðe iſ to-gidere luken,
Als it ne were neuere or to-broken. 3780
FOr chore wel wiſte ðat
Gret fier wond vt of is reclefat, A fire came from God,
And of iſ fere on and on,
3784 and burnt the two
hundred and fifty men.
3752
And two[356] ðo .xl. and ten;
He ſeiden he weren wurði bet They said they were
more worthy to
to ðat ſeruiſe to ben ſet; perform the services of
And two migtful he hauen taken, the Tabernacle.
Meiſtres princes he wolden hem maken,3756
On dathan(.) an oðer Abiron. Dathan and Abiram
were joined to Korah.
Moyſes it herde and ſeide a-non,
"To-morwen beð her alle redi,
And ilc gure oðer ſtonde bi; 3760 Moses' directions to
the company of Korah.
And ilc gure hiſe reklefat,
And fier ðor-inne and timinge on ðat,
And ðan ſulde we brigte ſen,
Quilc gure ſal god quemest ben." 3764
And ðuſ it waſ on morgen don,
Ne wulde he, dathan(.) ne abiron, Dathan and Abiram
would not obey the
For orgel pride forð ðor cumen; command of Moses.
Moyſes wið[357] folc iſ to hem numen, 3768
In here teld he ſtonden a-gen
Moyſes and vr, [&] ne wulde gon;
Moyſes ðor gret and bad iſ bede, [Fol. 73b.]
And erðe denede[358] ſone in ðat ſtede, 3772 The earth swallowed
up Korah.
And opnede vnder [h]ere fet;
Held up neiðer ſton ne gret,
Alle he ſunken ðe erðe wið-in,
Wið wifes, and childre, and hines-kin, 3776
Swilc endeſið vn-bi-wen hauen;
None had need to toil
darð[359] noman ſwinken hem to grauen, in burying them.
ðiſ erðe iſ to-gidere luken,
Als it ne were neuere or to-broken. 3780
FOr chore wel wiſte ðat
Gret fier wond vt of is reclefat, A fire came from God,
And of iſ fere on and on,
3784 and burnt the two
hundred and fifty men.
Page 199
And for-brende hem ðor euerilck on;
Oc aaron al hol and fer,
Cam him no fieres ſwaðe ner;
356]
o?
357]
MS. wid.
358]
MS. deuede.
359]
MS. ðarð.
A PLAGUE SLAYS FOURTEEN THOUSAND PEOPLE.
Of ðo Reklefates for wurðing, Of the censers were
3788 made crowns for the
Woren mad, and for muning, altar of brass.
Corunes at ðe alter of bras,
ðe at here tabernacle was.
On the morrow the
For al ðiſ, oðer day ðor waſ neſt, people murmured
against Moses and
Agenes moyſes and iſ prest 3792 Aaron, who fled to the
Tabernacle.
Gan al ðiſ folc wið wreðe gon,
And wulden hem werpen ſtones on;
To ðe tabernacle he ben flogen,
ðor [h]aueth a ſkie hem wel bi-togen; 3796
A fier magti ðat folc feſt on, [Fol. 74.]
A fire slew many of
And haueð manige ðor for-don. the people.
ðan bad moyſes aaron,
wið hiſe Rekelefat, to ðat fir gon; 3800
And he it dede[360] alſ he him b[e]ad,
Aaron stays the
Ran and ſtod tuen[361] liues and dead, plague.
And ðiſ fier bleſſede and wið-drog,
Oc aaron al hol and fer,
Cam him no fieres ſwaðe ner;
356]
o?
357]
MS. wid.
358]
MS. deuede.
359]
MS. ðarð.
A PLAGUE SLAYS FOURTEEN THOUSAND PEOPLE.
Of ðo Reklefates for wurðing, Of the censers were
3788 made crowns for the
Woren mad, and for muning, altar of brass.
Corunes at ðe alter of bras,
ðe at here tabernacle was.
On the morrow the
For al ðiſ, oðer day ðor waſ neſt, people murmured
against Moses and
Agenes moyſes and iſ prest 3792 Aaron, who fled to the
Tabernacle.
Gan al ðiſ folc wið wreðe gon,
And wulden hem werpen ſtones on;
To ðe tabernacle he ben flogen,
ðor [h]aueth a ſkie hem wel bi-togen; 3796
A fier magti ðat folc feſt on, [Fol. 74.]
A fire slew many of
And haueð manige ðor for-don. the people.
ðan bad moyſes aaron,
wið hiſe Rekelefat, to ðat fir gon; 3800
And he it dede[360] alſ he him b[e]ad,
Aaron stays the
Ran and ſtod tuen[361] liues and dead, plague.
And ðiſ fier bleſſede and wið-drog,
Page 200
It [h]adde or ſlagen manige ynog; 3804
.xiiii. ðhusent it haueð ſlagen, Fourteen thousand and
eighty were thus slain.
And .iiii. ſcore of liue dragen.
Ðog ðiſ folc miðe a ſtund for-dred,
ðog he ben get in ſunder red, 3808 The Israelites do not
recognise Aaron's
Get he aglen on here red(.) and wen authority,
ðat it mai loked betre ben;
ðog ðiſe brende ben for-ſaken,
ðog he wenen ðat god ſal taken 3812
Of ðo .xii. tribuz ſumme mo, but think that others
are fitted for the
To ben ðor he for-hu-gede ðo, service of God.
Or ynog raðe of euerilc kin,
He wile ðat ſumme ſerue ðor-in. 3816
"Childre," quat moyſes, "gure ſtrif
dereð ðe ſowle and greueð ðe lif; Moses addresses the
people,
Do we uſ alle in godes red,
Vs ſal timen ðe betre ſped; 3820 and directs each prince
of the tribes to take a
Ilc prince me take hiſe wond, rod, and to write every
And do we us here in godes hond; man his name upon it.
360]
MS. ðede.
361]
MS. tiren.
THE PRIESTHOOD OF AARON CONFIRMED.
And on [ilc] wond writen ſal ben [Fol. 74b.]
ðe kindes name ðe ðor to tgen; 3824
God ſal to-morgen token don,
Quilc kinde he wile ðiſ meſter on.
ðuſ it was don, and on a wond The rods were written
3828 upon,
Wið-uten[362] ðo wrot he wið hond
ðe twelfte names of ðat kin;
.xiiii. ðhusent it haueð ſlagen, Fourteen thousand and
eighty were thus slain.
And .iiii. ſcore of liue dragen.
Ðog ðiſ folc miðe a ſtund for-dred,
ðog he ben get in ſunder red, 3808 The Israelites do not
recognise Aaron's
Get he aglen on here red(.) and wen authority,
ðat it mai loked betre ben;
ðog ðiſe brende ben for-ſaken,
ðog he wenen ðat god ſal taken 3812
Of ðo .xii. tribuz ſumme mo, but think that others
are fitted for the
To ben ðor he for-hu-gede ðo, service of God.
Or ynog raðe of euerilc kin,
He wile ðat ſumme ſerue ðor-in. 3816
"Childre," quat moyſes, "gure ſtrif
dereð ðe ſowle and greueð ðe lif; Moses addresses the
people,
Do we uſ alle in godes red,
Vs ſal timen ðe betre ſped; 3820 and directs each prince
of the tribes to take a
Ilc prince me take hiſe wond, rod, and to write every
And do we us here in godes hond; man his name upon it.
360]
MS. ðede.
361]
MS. tiren.
THE PRIESTHOOD OF AARON CONFIRMED.
And on [ilc] wond writen ſal ben [Fol. 74b.]
ðe kindes name ðe ðor to tgen; 3824
God ſal to-morgen token don,
Quilc kinde he wile ðiſ meſter on.
ðuſ it was don, and on a wond The rods were written
3828 upon,
Wið-uten[362] ðo wrot he wið hond
ðe twelfte names of ðat kin;
Page 201
ðe tabernacle he dedis in, and laid before the
Lord in the Tabernacle.
And ðor he iſ haued god bi-tagt,
And let iſ ben ðor al ðat nagt. 3832
On the morrow the
O morgen quan he com a-gen, rods were examined,
Quat was bitid he let hem ſen;
Ilc wond he fond of euerilc kin
Alſ ſwilc alſ he iſ dede ðor-in; 3836
Oc on, ðe was of aaron, and Aaron's rod, of the
house of Levi, had
(Writen was name leui ðor-on), budded, blossomed,
It was grene and leaued bi-cumen, and brought forth
And nutes amigdeles ðor-onne numen; 3840 almonds,
ðo wiſten he ðat[363] aaron
Was hem biſſop ðurg god don; so it was seen that God
had appointed Aaron
To ſen gode witneſſe ðor-on, as bishop.
ðat wond was in ðat arche don. 3844
[I]N ðe deſert he wuneden ðor
.xxx.vii. winter and mor; Thirty-seven years and
more the people abode
Longe abuten munt ſeyr, in the desert,
folgede hem ðat ſkie ſcir, 3848
And often to ðe ſe ðor-bi, [Fol. 75.]
wandering about from
And often to ðe munt ſynay; place to place,
Her and gund ðor he biried lin,
Alle he[364] olde deden ðor fin. 3852 and all the old ones
died.
And at ðe laſte ne-ðe-les,
Eft he come ſone to cades,
ðor was moyſes ſiſter dead; At Kadesh Miriam
3856 died,
ðat folc ðor .xxx. daiges a-bead,
And after wune faire hire bi-stod,
wið teres, rem, and frigti mod;
362]
MS. wid-uten.
363]
MS. dat.
Lord in the Tabernacle.
And ðor he iſ haued god bi-tagt,
And let iſ ben ðor al ðat nagt. 3832
On the morrow the
O morgen quan he com a-gen, rods were examined,
Quat was bitid he let hem ſen;
Ilc wond he fond of euerilc kin
Alſ ſwilc alſ he iſ dede ðor-in; 3836
Oc on, ðe was of aaron, and Aaron's rod, of the
house of Levi, had
(Writen was name leui ðor-on), budded, blossomed,
It was grene and leaued bi-cumen, and brought forth
And nutes amigdeles ðor-onne numen; 3840 almonds,
ðo wiſten he ðat[363] aaron
Was hem biſſop ðurg god don; so it was seen that God
had appointed Aaron
To ſen gode witneſſe ðor-on, as bishop.
ðat wond was in ðat arche don. 3844
[I]N ðe deſert he wuneden ðor
.xxx.vii. winter and mor; Thirty-seven years and
more the people abode
Longe abuten munt ſeyr, in the desert,
folgede hem ðat ſkie ſcir, 3848
And often to ðe ſe ðor-bi, [Fol. 75.]
wandering about from
And often to ðe munt ſynay; place to place,
Her and gund ðor he biried lin,
Alle he[364] olde deden ðor fin. 3852 and all the old ones
died.
And at ðe laſte ne-ðe-les,
Eft he come ſone to cades,
ðor was moyſes ſiſter dead; At Kadesh Miriam
3856 died,
ðat folc ðor .xxx. daiges a-bead,
And after wune faire hire bi-stod,
wið teres, rem, and frigti mod;
362]
MS. wid-uten.
363]
MS. dat.
Page 202
364]
ðhe?
THE DEATH OF AARON AT HOR.
Hire lich iſ biried in munt ſin, and her body was
3860 buried in Mount Zin.
Hire ſowle iſ reſted ſtede wið-in.
It bi-tidde after hire dead
ðat ðis folc ſorge in ðriſte abead. The people murmur
for water.
And ðer roſ wreððe and ſtrif a-non
Agen moyſen and aaron; 3864
God [bad] ſemelen folc and gon, Moses is commanded
to gather the people
And foren hem ſmiten on ðe ſton before the rock at
And ſeide, ut of ðe ſmiten ſton Meribah.
Ynog hem ſulde water gon; 3868
He and hiſ folc comen ðer-to,
Ic wene frigtlike ðat he do;
Ones he ſmot ðor on ðe ſton,
And miſte, and ſag ðe water gon; 3872 Moses smote the rock
twice, and the water
An oðer ſiðe he went iſ ðogt flowed forth,
Betre and ſoftere, and ne miſte nogt,
[Fol. 75b.]
ðo flew ðor[365] water michil and ſtrong, and the folk and cattle
Al folc and erue a-nog a-mong. 3876
had enough.
The people are denied
Ðvrg lond edom ne migten he faren, a passage through
Edom.
ðor-fore he ſulen a-buten charen
Bi ðe deſert of arabie lond;
Long weige and coſtful he ðor fond, 3880
forð bi archim ðat meiſter burg;
ðe deſert aren he walkeden ðurg,
They come to Mount
Til ðat[366] he comen to munt hor; Hor,
Aaron ðo wente of liwe ðor, 3884
Eleazar, iſ ſune, him neſt where Aaron dies.
Was mad biſſop and meiſter preſt.
xxx. daiges ðat folc in wep Thirty days the folk
3888 mourned for him.
Wið bedes, and gret, and teres wep;
Get iſt ſene, on ðe munt on ðat ſtede,
ðhe?
THE DEATH OF AARON AT HOR.
Hire lich iſ biried in munt ſin, and her body was
3860 buried in Mount Zin.
Hire ſowle iſ reſted ſtede wið-in.
It bi-tidde after hire dead
ðat ðis folc ſorge in ðriſte abead. The people murmur
for water.
And ðer roſ wreððe and ſtrif a-non
Agen moyſen and aaron; 3864
God [bad] ſemelen folc and gon, Moses is commanded
to gather the people
And foren hem ſmiten on ðe ſton before the rock at
And ſeide, ut of ðe ſmiten ſton Meribah.
Ynog hem ſulde water gon; 3868
He and hiſ folc comen ðer-to,
Ic wene frigtlike ðat he do;
Ones he ſmot ðor on ðe ſton,
And miſte, and ſag ðe water gon; 3872 Moses smote the rock
twice, and the water
An oðer ſiðe he went iſ ðogt flowed forth,
Betre and ſoftere, and ne miſte nogt,
[Fol. 75b.]
ðo flew ðor[365] water michil and ſtrong, and the folk and cattle
Al folc and erue a-nog a-mong. 3876
had enough.
The people are denied
Ðvrg lond edom ne migten he faren, a passage through
Edom.
ðor-fore he ſulen a-buten charen
Bi ðe deſert of arabie lond;
Long weige and coſtful he ðor fond, 3880
forð bi archim ðat meiſter burg;
ðe deſert aren he walkeden ðurg,
They come to Mount
Til ðat[366] he comen to munt hor; Hor,
Aaron ðo wente of liwe ðor, 3884
Eleazar, iſ ſune, him neſt where Aaron dies.
Was mad biſſop and meiſter preſt.
xxx. daiges ðat folc in wep Thirty days the folk
3888 mourned for him.
Wið bedes, and gret, and teres wep;
Get iſt ſene, on ðe munt on ðat ſtede,
Page 203
Quor men aaron in birieles dede;
vii. ſcore ger and .iii. told, The age of Aaron.
ðor he lið doluen on ðat wold. 3892
Forð ðeðen he comen to ſalmona,
for-weried grucheden he ðoa, The people murmur,
365]
MS. dor.
366]
MS. dat.
SIHON AND OG ARE OVERCOME.
ðor-fore hem cam wrim-kin among,
ðat hem wel bitterlike ſtong; 3896 and are plagued with
serpents.
Non oðer red ðor don ne waſ,
Moyſes ðor made a wirme of bras, They, repenting, are
healed by a serpent of
And henget hege up-on a ſaft, brass,
ðurg godes bode and godes craf[t]; 3900
Quat ſtungen man so ſag ðor-on, [Fol. 76.]
ðat werk him ſone al was vn-don;
which long afterwards
Digere it was al ðat berem-tem,[367] was worshipped in
figer ſiðen in-to ierusalem; 3904
Jerusalem.
oc ſiðen it waſ to duſte don,
for ðat folc miſleuede ðor-on.[368]
The people come to
Frigti nam forð ðis folc and bleð, Zered.
Til he comen to flum iareth; 3908
ðiſ water him on-ſunder drog,
And let hem ouer, drige ynog;
King ouer(.) amor(.) reos(.) ſeon, Sihon, king of the
3912 Amorites, comes out
for to figten cam hem ageon; against Israel and is
ðiſ folc him ſlog and hiſ lond tok, overcome.
vii. ſcore ger and .iii. told, The age of Aaron.
ðor he lið doluen on ðat wold. 3892
Forð ðeðen he comen to ſalmona,
for-weried grucheden he ðoa, The people murmur,
365]
MS. dor.
366]
MS. dat.
SIHON AND OG ARE OVERCOME.
ðor-fore hem cam wrim-kin among,
ðat hem wel bitterlike ſtong; 3896 and are plagued with
serpents.
Non oðer red ðor don ne waſ,
Moyſes ðor made a wirme of bras, They, repenting, are
healed by a serpent of
And henget hege up-on a ſaft, brass,
ðurg godes bode and godes craf[t]; 3900
Quat ſtungen man so ſag ðor-on, [Fol. 76.]
ðat werk him ſone al was vn-don;
which long afterwards
Digere it was al ðat berem-tem,[367] was worshipped in
figer ſiðen in-to ierusalem; 3904
Jerusalem.
oc ſiðen it waſ to duſte don,
for ðat folc miſleuede ðor-on.[368]
The people come to
Frigti nam forð ðis folc and bleð, Zered.
Til he comen to flum iareth; 3908
ðiſ water him on-ſunder drog,
And let hem ouer, drige ynog;
King ouer(.) amor(.) reos(.) ſeon, Sihon, king of the
3912 Amorites, comes out
for to figten cam hem ageon; against Israel and is
ðiſ folc him ſlog and hiſ lond tok, overcome.
Page 204
Suð fro arnon, norð to iabok,
And weſten al to flum iordan;
Oc he ſlugen king of baſaan. 3916 The king of Bashan is
slain.
To lond moab drugen he ſo,
ðor nu iſ a burg, ierico.
Balaac king was for-dred for-ðan,
And ſente in to lond madian, 3920
To hiſe frend ðe ben him neſt;
And ſente after balaam ðe preſt, Balak sends after
Balaam,
Wið riche men an[d] giftes oc,
for to ſtillen hiſe [vn-]eðe mod, 3924
And bad him cumen for to don
fol[c] of yſrael hiſ curſing on. to curse the folk of
Israel.
Balaam wið-[h]eld him ðor ðat nagt [Fol. 76b.]
To witen quat him ſal wurðen tagt; 3928 The failure of the first
message.
Al waſ iſ fultum and hiſ ſped
367]
beren-tem?
368]
For this see 2 Kings, xviii. 4.
BALAAM SETS OUT TO CURSE ISRAEL.
Bi-luken ille, in fendes red.
On nigt him cam ſonde fro gode,
3932
Agen ðiſ kinges[369] red for-bode,
And ðat he ne curſe non del God forbids Balaam to
curse the Israelites.
ðiſ folc ðat god bliſcede wel.
O morgen ſeide he, "fare ic nogt,
for bode iſ me fro gode brogt." 3936
Balaac ſente richere an[d] mo Balak's second
message to the
Medes, and oðer men to ðo. prophet.
"Sondes, ſondes," quað balaam,
And weſten al to flum iordan;
Oc he ſlugen king of baſaan. 3916 The king of Bashan is
slain.
To lond moab drugen he ſo,
ðor nu iſ a burg, ierico.
Balaac king was for-dred for-ðan,
And ſente in to lond madian, 3920
To hiſe frend ðe ben him neſt;
And ſente after balaam ðe preſt, Balak sends after
Balaam,
Wið riche men an[d] giftes oc,
for to ſtillen hiſe [vn-]eðe mod, 3924
And bad him cumen for to don
fol[c] of yſrael hiſ curſing on. to curse the folk of
Israel.
Balaam wið-[h]eld him ðor ðat nagt [Fol. 76b.]
To witen quat him ſal wurðen tagt; 3928 The failure of the first
message.
Al waſ iſ fultum and hiſ ſped
367]
beren-tem?
368]
For this see 2 Kings, xviii. 4.
BALAAM SETS OUT TO CURSE ISRAEL.
Bi-luken ille, in fendes red.
On nigt him cam ſonde fro gode,
3932
Agen ðiſ kinges[369] red for-bode,
And ðat he ne curſe non del God forbids Balaam to
curse the Israelites.
ðiſ folc ðat god bliſcede wel.
O morgen ſeide he, "fare ic nogt,
for bode iſ me fro gode brogt." 3936
Balaac ſente richere an[d] mo Balak's second
message to the
Medes, and oðer men to ðo. prophet.
"Sondes, ſondes," quað balaam,
Page 205
Or he ðeſe oðere medes nam, 3940
"Ðog balaac king me goue hold, Balaam's answer to the
messengers.
Hiſ huſ ful of ſiluer and of gold,
Ne mai ic wenden her bi-neðen;"
3944
Godes wurd iſ cumen alſ it iſ queðen;[370]
Oc or or ge wenden agen,
ðiſ nigt ic ſal fonden and ſen."
Quat tiding so it cam on ðe nigt,
On morgen, at ðe daiges ligt, 3948
Vp-on hiſe aſſe hiſ ſadel he dede, He consents to go with
the princes of Moab,
To madian lond wente he hiſ ride,
And wente iſ herte on werre ðhogt;
Wicke giſcing it haueð[371] al wrogt. 3952
ðuſ rideð forð ðiſ man for-loren, being influenced by
covetousness.
An angel drog an ſwerd him bi-foren, [Fol. 77.]
An angel meets him in
ðiſ aſſe wurð ſo ſore of-dred, the way. The ass is
Vt of ðe weige it haueð him led. 3956 frightened,
Sellic ðogte balaam for-ði,
And bet and wente it to ðe ſti
Bi-twen two walles of ſton;
3960 and turns aside to the
Eft ſtod ðiſ angel him a-gon,[372] wall,
ðiſ aſſe iſ eft of weige ſtired,[373]
So ðat balames fot iſ hird;[374]
And he wurð ðo for anger wroð, so that Balaam's foot is
3964 crushed.
And ðiſ prikeð and negt ſloð;
369]
MS. ginges.
370]
MS. queden.
371]
MS. haued.
"Ðog balaac king me goue hold, Balaam's answer to the
messengers.
Hiſ huſ ful of ſiluer and of gold,
Ne mai ic wenden her bi-neðen;"
3944
Godes wurd iſ cumen alſ it iſ queðen;[370]
Oc or or ge wenden agen,
ðiſ nigt ic ſal fonden and ſen."
Quat tiding so it cam on ðe nigt,
On morgen, at ðe daiges ligt, 3948
Vp-on hiſe aſſe hiſ ſadel he dede, He consents to go with
the princes of Moab,
To madian lond wente he hiſ ride,
And wente iſ herte on werre ðhogt;
Wicke giſcing it haueð[371] al wrogt. 3952
ðuſ rideð forð ðiſ man for-loren, being influenced by
covetousness.
An angel drog an ſwerd him bi-foren, [Fol. 77.]
An angel meets him in
ðiſ aſſe wurð ſo ſore of-dred, the way. The ass is
Vt of ðe weige it haueð him led. 3956 frightened,
Sellic ðogte balaam for-ði,
And bet and wente it to ðe ſti
Bi-twen two walles of ſton;
3960 and turns aside to the
Eft ſtod ðiſ angel him a-gon,[372] wall,
ðiſ aſſe iſ eft of weige ſtired,[373]
So ðat balames fot iſ hird;[374]
And he wurð ðo for anger wroð, so that Balaam's foot is
3964 crushed.
And ðiſ prikeð and negt ſloð;
369]
MS. ginges.
370]
MS. queden.
371]
MS. haued.
Page 206
372]
? agen.
373]
? stirt.
374]
? hirt.
BALAAM'S ASS SPEAKS.
forð and narwere ðiſ aſſe him bar, The angel went further,
and stood in a narrow
And ðe ðridde ſiðe wurð ðe angel war. place,
ðo ne migte ðes aſſe flen,
Ne he ne durſte forðere ten, 3968 and the ass fell down
under Balaam,
Oc fel ðor dun(.) ðan ðis was don,
Balaam it ſpureð and ſmit ðor-on; who smote her with his
staff.
And god vndede ðiſ aſſes muð,
So ſoð it iſ(.) ſo it is ſelcuð. 3972 God opened the mouth
of the ass, and she
Quuað ðiſ aſſe ðus wið vn-miðe, spoke to her master.
"Qui betes ðu me ðis ðridde ſiðe?"
Quað balaam, "for ðu tregeſt me;
Had ic an ſwerd, ic ſluge ðe." 3976
So was ðis were to wunder brogt, Nevertheless this
infatuated man was not
ðhog ðe aſſe ſpac, frigtede he nogt; frightened.
[Fol. 77b.]
ðe let god[375] him ðat angel ſen,
wið ðe ſwerd dragen him agen. 3980 The angel tells
Balaam,
Quað ðe angel, "ðin weige iſ me loð,
that but for the ass he
ðor-fore am ic wið ðe ðuſ loð;[376] would have slain him.
If ðin aſſe ne were wið-dragen,
Her ſuldes ðu nu wurðen ſlagen." 3984
Quað balaam, "quane ic haue miſ-faren, The prophet offers to
return.
If ðu wilt, ic agen ſal charen."
"far forð," quað ðe angel, "oc loc ðe wel, He is cautioned by the
3988 angel.
for-bi min red, quað ðu non del."
? agen.
373]
? stirt.
374]
? hirt.
BALAAM'S ASS SPEAKS.
forð and narwere ðiſ aſſe him bar, The angel went further,
and stood in a narrow
And ðe ðridde ſiðe wurð ðe angel war. place,
ðo ne migte ðes aſſe flen,
Ne he ne durſte forðere ten, 3968 and the ass fell down
under Balaam,
Oc fel ðor dun(.) ðan ðis was don,
Balaam it ſpureð and ſmit ðor-on; who smote her with his
staff.
And god vndede ðiſ aſſes muð,
So ſoð it iſ(.) ſo it is ſelcuð. 3972 God opened the mouth
of the ass, and she
Quuað ðiſ aſſe ðus wið vn-miðe, spoke to her master.
"Qui betes ðu me ðis ðridde ſiðe?"
Quað balaam, "for ðu tregeſt me;
Had ic an ſwerd, ic ſluge ðe." 3976
So was ðis were to wunder brogt, Nevertheless this
infatuated man was not
ðhog ðe aſſe ſpac, frigtede he nogt; frightened.
[Fol. 77b.]
ðe let god[375] him ðat angel ſen,
wið ðe ſwerd dragen him agen. 3980 The angel tells
Balaam,
Quað ðe angel, "ðin weige iſ me loð,
that but for the ass he
ðor-fore am ic wið ðe ðuſ loð;[376] would have slain him.
If ðin aſſe ne were wið-dragen,
Her ſuldes ðu nu wurðen ſlagen." 3984
Quað balaam, "quane ic haue miſ-faren, The prophet offers to
return.
If ðu wilt, ic agen ſal charen."
"far forð," quað ðe angel, "oc loc ðe wel, He is cautioned by the
3988 angel.
for-bi min red, quað ðu non del."
Page 207
forð-nam balaam, and balaac king Balak entertains
Balaam.
Cam him a-gen for wurðing,
Gaf him giftes of mikil priſ;
And balaam ſeide him to wiſ, 3992
"Sal ic non wurd[377] mugen forð-don,
Vten ðat god me leið on."
Balak causes seven
Balaac him leddede [378]
heg on an hil, altars to be built.
And .vii. alteres wrogte in his wil, 3996
On ilc alter fier alðerneðer,
And ðor-on an calf and a weðer, On each altar was
offered a bullock and a
And he bad balaac ſtonden ðor-bi, wether.
And gede on-rum qui[379] bute for-ði, 4000
375]
MS. goð.
376]
wroð?
377]
MS. wurð.
378]
edde?
379]
quile?
BALAAM BLESSES ISRAEL.
fro abuuen cam to him bi-neðen,
Word in herte ðat[380] he ſal queðen;
Quan he cam to balaac a-gen, God's word comes to
4004 Balaam,
Swilc wurdes he let vt-ten.
"Hu mai ic ðat folc curſen on, [Fol. 78.]
Balaam.
Cam him a-gen for wurðing,
Gaf him giftes of mikil priſ;
And balaam ſeide him to wiſ, 3992
"Sal ic non wurd[377] mugen forð-don,
Vten ðat god me leið on."
Balak causes seven
Balaac him leddede [378]
heg on an hil, altars to be built.
And .vii. alteres wrogte in his wil, 3996
On ilc alter fier alðerneðer,
And ðor-on an calf and a weðer, On each altar was
offered a bullock and a
And he bad balaac ſtonden ðor-bi, wether.
And gede on-rum qui[379] bute for-ði, 4000
375]
MS. goð.
376]
wroð?
377]
MS. wurð.
378]
edde?
379]
quile?
BALAAM BLESSES ISRAEL.
fro abuuen cam to him bi-neðen,
Word in herte ðat[380] he ſal queðen;
Quan he cam to balaac a-gen, God's word comes to
4004 Balaam,
Swilc wurdes he let vt-ten.
"Hu mai ic ðat folc curſen on, [Fol. 78.]
Page 208
and he blesses Israel.
ðor louerd haueð[381] bliſcing don?
ðiſ folk ſal waxen wel and ðen,
And ouer al oðer migtful ben, 4008
Hiſ lif beð bliðe, hiſ ending ſal,
ðe timeð al-ſo ðiſ timen ſal."
Balaac miſliked al ðiſ queðe,[382] Balak is greatly
displeased.
And ledde hem ðeðen on oðer ſtede, 4012
To munt faga, for to ſen wel
Of folc iſrael ðe oðer del.
He wente on oðer ſtund or ſtede, He brings the prophet
4016 to another place.
Betre timing ðor-fore he it dede,
And wende wenden godes ðogt,
Oc al he ſwinked him for nogt.
Hef[t] haueð he mad her .vii. alter, Again seven altars
4020 were raised, and
And on ilc brend eft twin der. offerings made.
Gede eft balaam up on-rum,
ðo ſeide ðuſ quanne hem cam dun,
"ðis folc, ſprungen of iſrael, The parable of
4024 Balaam.
Iſ vnder god timed wel;
Al-ſo leun iſ migtful der,
So ſal ðiſ folc ben migtful her; Israel is compared to a
lion.
ðiſ leun ſal oðer folc freten,
Lond canaan al preige bi-geten." 4028
Ille liked ðanne balaac Balak was ill pleased
with the priest's words.
Euerilc word ðe preſt balaam ſpac.
[Fol. 78b.]
Get he ledde him to munt fegor, Balak brings Balaam
to Mount Peor.
And efte he ſacrede deres mor; 4032
ðor[383] ſpac balaam mikel mor
Of ðiſ folckes migt, or he dede or.
"folc ebru," quað he, "ðat ic ſe,
Bliſced ſal ben ðe bliſcede ðe; 4036 Again he blesses the
Israelites,
380]
MS. dat.
ðor louerd haueð[381] bliſcing don?
ðiſ folk ſal waxen wel and ðen,
And ouer al oðer migtful ben, 4008
Hiſ lif beð bliðe, hiſ ending ſal,
ðe timeð al-ſo ðiſ timen ſal."
Balaac miſliked al ðiſ queðe,[382] Balak is greatly
displeased.
And ledde hem ðeðen on oðer ſtede, 4012
To munt faga, for to ſen wel
Of folc iſrael ðe oðer del.
He wente on oðer ſtund or ſtede, He brings the prophet
4016 to another place.
Betre timing ðor-fore he it dede,
And wende wenden godes ðogt,
Oc al he ſwinked him for nogt.
Hef[t] haueð he mad her .vii. alter, Again seven altars
4020 were raised, and
And on ilc brend eft twin der. offerings made.
Gede eft balaam up on-rum,
ðo ſeide ðuſ quanne hem cam dun,
"ðis folc, ſprungen of iſrael, The parable of
4024 Balaam.
Iſ vnder god timed wel;
Al-ſo leun iſ migtful der,
So ſal ðiſ folc ben migtful her; Israel is compared to a
lion.
ðiſ leun ſal oðer folc freten,
Lond canaan al preige bi-geten." 4028
Ille liked ðanne balaac Balak was ill pleased
with the priest's words.
Euerilc word ðe preſt balaam ſpac.
[Fol. 78b.]
Get he ledde him to munt fegor, Balak brings Balaam
to Mount Peor.
And efte he ſacrede deres mor; 4032
ðor[383] ſpac balaam mikel mor
Of ðiſ folckes migt, or he dede or.
"folc ebru," quað he, "ðat ic ſe,
Bliſced ſal ben ðe bliſcede ðe; 4036 Again he blesses the
Israelites,
380]
MS. dat.
Page 209
381]
MS. haued.
382]
quede?
383]
MS. dor.
BALAAM'S ADVICE TO BALAK.
And quuo-ſo wile curſing maken,
Ille curſing ſal him taken;
Of ðe ſal riſen ſterre brigt, and prophesies their
4040 future happiness and
And a wond ðe ſal ſmiten rigt greatness.
Moab kinges, and under-don
Al ſedes-kin ðiſ werld up-on."
Such tidings made
Manie tiding quad balaam ðor, Balak's heart sore.
ðe made balakes herte ſor; 4044
Oc ðan balaam wente a-gen,
Tagte he balaam quat migte ben Balaam teaches Balak
how to injure the
ðiſ folc to dere, and gaf him red Israelites,
ðat brogt iſrael iwel ſped. 4048
"ðe ginge wimmen of ðin lond, by sending out young
women fair of face and
faiger on ſigte an[d] ſofte on hond, soft of speech,
And brigte on hewe, on ſpeche glad,
4052
Wið ðgere[384] ſal ic ſondes ſad,
ðe ðu ten vt gen ðiſ men,
who should "brew
ðe cunen[385] brewen herte-bren, heart-burning and
wið win, and wlite, & bodi, & dwale, love,"
Luue[li]ke and wið ſpeche ſmale, 4056
To wenden hem fro godes age [Fol. 79.]
and so turn the people
To ði londe godes and vre lage; from God.
Bute-if ðu migt forðen ðiſ red,
And hem fro godes luue led, 4060
MS. haued.
382]
quede?
383]
MS. dor.
BALAAM'S ADVICE TO BALAK.
And quuo-ſo wile curſing maken,
Ille curſing ſal him taken;
Of ðe ſal riſen ſterre brigt, and prophesies their
4040 future happiness and
And a wond ðe ſal ſmiten rigt greatness.
Moab kinges, and under-don
Al ſedes-kin ðiſ werld up-on."
Such tidings made
Manie tiding quad balaam ðor, Balak's heart sore.
ðe made balakes herte ſor; 4044
Oc ðan balaam wente a-gen,
Tagte he balaam quat migte ben Balaam teaches Balak
how to injure the
ðiſ folc to dere, and gaf him red Israelites,
ðat brogt iſrael iwel ſped. 4048
"ðe ginge wimmen of ðin lond, by sending out young
women fair of face and
faiger on ſigte an[d] ſofte on hond, soft of speech,
And brigte on hewe, on ſpeche glad,
4052
Wið ðgere[384] ſal ic ſondes ſad,
ðe ðu ten vt gen ðiſ men,
who should "brew
ðe cunen[385] brewen herte-bren, heart-burning and
wið win, and wlite, & bodi, & dwale, love,"
Luue[li]ke and wið ſpeche ſmale, 4056
To wenden hem fro godes age [Fol. 79.]
and so turn the people
To ði londe godes and vre lage; from God.
Bute-if ðu migt forðen ðiſ red,
And hem fro godes luue led, 4060
Page 210
And fonde to wenden ðuſ here ðhogt, For war nor weapon
had no power to harm
for wi ne wopen ne helpeð[386] nogt." them.
forð-nam balaam, ðat ille qu[e]ad
ðe gaf ðiſ read of ſoules dead. 4064
ðuſ it was don, and bi ðat ſel This counsel was
followed,
In ſichin ſingede iſrael, and thus it fell that
Israel sinned in
And for luue of ðiſ hore-plage Shittim,
Manie for-leten godes lage, 4068
And wrogten ðor ſwilc ſoules for
ðat he ðor lutten belphegor. and worshipped Baal-
peor.
Ðo ſeide god to moyſen,
"ðe me[i]ſtres of ðiſe hore-men, 4072
384]
gere?
385]
MS. cumen.
386]
MS. helped.
WHOREDOM AND IDOLATRY PUNISHED.
ðe fendes folgen and me flen, God commands the
chief men to be
ðe bidde ic hangen ðat he ben; hanged.
Ben ðeſe hangen ðe ſunne agen,
4076
ðise oðer[387] folc ſal meðe ſen."
Godes wreche ðor haueð of-ſlagen Twenty-three thousand
were slain.
xx.iii. ðuſent of dagen.[388]
finees waſ a ſeli man, Phinehas kills Zimri
4080 and Cozbi
ðe godes wreche forðen gan;
He ſlug Zabri for godeſ luuen,
Hiſe hore bi-neðe and him abuuen;
had no power to harm
for wi ne wopen ne helpeð[386] nogt." them.
forð-nam balaam, ðat ille qu[e]ad
ðe gaf ðiſ read of ſoules dead. 4064
ðuſ it was don, and bi ðat ſel This counsel was
followed,
In ſichin ſingede iſrael, and thus it fell that
Israel sinned in
And for luue of ðiſ hore-plage Shittim,
Manie for-leten godes lage, 4068
And wrogten ðor ſwilc ſoules for
ðat he ðor lutten belphegor. and worshipped Baal-
peor.
Ðo ſeide god to moyſen,
"ðe me[i]ſtres of ðiſe hore-men, 4072
384]
gere?
385]
MS. cumen.
386]
MS. helped.
WHOREDOM AND IDOLATRY PUNISHED.
ðe fendes folgen and me flen, God commands the
chief men to be
ðe bidde ic hangen ðat he ben; hanged.
Ben ðeſe hangen ðe ſunne agen,
4076
ðise oðer[387] folc ſal meðe ſen."
Godes wreche ðor haueð of-ſlagen Twenty-three thousand
were slain.
xx.iii. ðuſent of dagen.[388]
finees waſ a ſeli man, Phinehas kills Zimri
4080 and Cozbi
ðe godes wreche forðen gan;
He ſlug Zabri for godeſ luuen,
Hiſe hore bi-neðe and him abuuen;
Page 211
ðurg and ðurg boðen he ſtong [Fol. 79b.]
4084 with his long and
wið hiſe giſarme ſarp & long. sharp pike.
God moysen nemnen bead
Hiſ folc ðe was firmeſt fro dead, God commands Moses
to take the sum of the
Or .xx. winter or more hold, people above twenty.
ðe in egypte or ne weren told; 4088
On and .vi. hundred ðuſent ðor, It was found to be
601,720.
And .vii. hundred and .xx. mor
Moyſes fond and eliazar;
Was non of hem told in tale or, 4092
ðo moyſes tolde hem and aaron, Of those who were
numbered at Sinai, all
ðan [h]e gunnen fro egipte gon. died except Joshua and
Vten ioſue and caleph, Caleb.
Alle elles he driuen in deades weph; 4096
Alle ðiſe wapmen ðor[389] god let liwen,
ðe lond hoten ſal hem ben giuen.
God moyſes clepede and quad to him,
"ſtig hege up to munt Abarim, 4100 Moses being told of
his death,
And ic ſal don ðe ðeðen[390] ſen
ðe lond ðe ſal ðiſ folc[e]s ben;
ðer ðu ſalt ben of werlde numen.
In to ðat lond ſalt ðu nogt cumen." 4104
"Louerd, merci!" quad moyſes,
"Let ðu ðin folc nogt helpe-les, intreats God not to let
the people be
And good let oc ðu hem bi-ſe, "helpless."
Alſwilc alſ hem bi-hu[f]lik bee." 4108
387]
MS. oder.
388]
MS. ðagen.
389]
4084 with his long and
wið hiſe giſarme ſarp & long. sharp pike.
God moysen nemnen bead
Hiſ folc ðe was firmeſt fro dead, God commands Moses
to take the sum of the
Or .xx. winter or more hold, people above twenty.
ðe in egypte or ne weren told; 4088
On and .vi. hundred ðuſent ðor, It was found to be
601,720.
And .vii. hundred and .xx. mor
Moyſes fond and eliazar;
Was non of hem told in tale or, 4092
ðo moyſes tolde hem and aaron, Of those who were
numbered at Sinai, all
ðan [h]e gunnen fro egipte gon. died except Joshua and
Vten ioſue and caleph, Caleb.
Alle elles he driuen in deades weph; 4096
Alle ðiſe wapmen ðor[389] god let liwen,
ðe lond hoten ſal hem ben giuen.
God moyſes clepede and quad to him,
"ſtig hege up to munt Abarim, 4100 Moses being told of
his death,
And ic ſal don ðe ðeðen[390] ſen
ðe lond ðe ſal ðiſ folc[e]s ben;
ðer ðu ſalt ben of werlde numen.
In to ðat lond ſalt ðu nogt cumen." 4104
"Louerd, merci!" quad moyſes,
"Let ðu ðin folc nogt helpe-les, intreats God not to let
the people be
And good let oc ðu hem bi-ſe, "helpless."
Alſwilc alſ hem bi-hu[f]lik bee." 4108
387]
MS. oder.
388]
MS. ðagen.
389]
Page 212
MS. dor.
390]
MS. ðeden.
MOSES DIES IN MOAB.
[Fol. 80.]
God hem andſwerede, "ioſue Joshua is appointed to
succeed him.
Ic wile ben loder-man after ðe;
Tac him bi-foren eleazar,
ðat al ðin folc wurð war, 4112
And ðine hondes ley him on,
Sey him on ðin ſtede to gon."
Alſ it is boden, alſo he dede,
Ioſue wurð ſet on hiſe ſtede. 4116
When Moses was on
Ðo moyſes was on abarim, Abarim, God showed
him the promised land.
ðat lond hoten god tawned him.
ðor quiles him leſten liue dages,
Hiſ he tagte leue lages, 4120
Moses' song, setting
And writen hem, haueð[391] iſ hem bitagt, forth God's vengeance
Bute-if he iſ loken hem beð agt,[392]
Erðe and heuene he wittneſſe tooc,
And wrot an canticle on ðat booc, 4124
ðat ðreated ðo men bitter-like upon those who would
not serve Him truly.
ðe god ne ſeruen luue-like.
ðo .xii. twelue kinderedes, on and on,
He gaf bliſcing bi-leue gon; 4128 The blessings of the
twelve tribes.
At munt nemboc on ðat knol faſga,
Wane he was ſtigen ðeðen ðoa,
Sag ðe lond of promiſſion,
4132
ðurg god[393] him was ſiðen ðat on.
ðer he ſtarf inne. ðe moab lond, Moses dies in Moab,
and is buried by
His bodi was biried wið angeles hond, angels' hands.
ðer non man ſiðen it ne fond, [Fol. 80b.]
4136 No man ever found his
body.
390]
MS. ðeden.
MOSES DIES IN MOAB.
[Fol. 80.]
God hem andſwerede, "ioſue Joshua is appointed to
succeed him.
Ic wile ben loder-man after ðe;
Tac him bi-foren eleazar,
ðat al ðin folc wurð war, 4112
And ðine hondes ley him on,
Sey him on ðin ſtede to gon."
Alſ it is boden, alſo he dede,
Ioſue wurð ſet on hiſe ſtede. 4116
When Moses was on
Ðo moyſes was on abarim, Abarim, God showed
him the promised land.
ðat lond hoten god tawned him.
ðor quiles him leſten liue dages,
Hiſ he tagte leue lages, 4120
Moses' song, setting
And writen hem, haueð[391] iſ hem bitagt, forth God's vengeance
Bute-if he iſ loken hem beð agt,[392]
Erðe and heuene he wittneſſe tooc,
And wrot an canticle on ðat booc, 4124
ðat ðreated ðo men bitter-like upon those who would
not serve Him truly.
ðe god ne ſeruen luue-like.
ðo .xii. twelue kinderedes, on and on,
He gaf bliſcing bi-leue gon; 4128 The blessings of the
twelve tribes.
At munt nemboc on ðat knol faſga,
Wane he was ſtigen ðeðen ðoa,
Sag ðe lond of promiſſion,
4132
ðurg god[393] him was ſiðen ðat on.
ðer he ſtarf inne. ðe moab lond, Moses dies in Moab,
and is buried by
His bodi was biried wið angeles hond, angels' hands.
ðer non man ſiðen it ne fond, [Fol. 80b.]
4136 No man ever found his
body.
Page 213
In to lef reſte hiſ ſowle wond.
Ebrius ſeigen, ðuſ waſ bi-tid,
ðat moyſes waſ hem ðuſ hid, It was thus hid,
for, migten he finden ðe ſtede,
Quor engel-wird hiſ liche dede, 4140 that the people might
not afterwards worship
fele ſulden him leuen on, it.
And leten god; ðat were miſ-don.
391]
MS. haued.
392]
MS. beð beð agt.
393]
MS. goð.
MAY GOD SHIELD US FROM HELL'S NIGHT!
Ydolatrie, ðat waſ hem lef,
ofte vt-wrogte hem ſorges dref. 4144
Although Moses was
MOyſes iſ faren, on elde told 120 years old,
fulle ſex ſcore winter old;
And ðog him leſtede hiſe ſigte brigt, yet his eyesight
4148 remained bright, and
And euerilc toð bi tale rigt. every tooth was "by
.xxx. daiges wep iſrael tale right."
for hiſ dead(.) and bi-ment it wel.
Swilc prophete in folc of iſrael Such a prophet in
4152 Israel rose none.
Roſ non, ne ſpac wið god ſo wel;
Eſdras iſ witneſſe of [hiſ] ſage,
He was wel wiſ of ðe olde lage.
Beseech we now
Bi-ſeke we nu godes migt, God's might,
ðat he make ure ſowles brigt, 4156
Ebrius ſeigen, ðuſ waſ bi-tid,
ðat moyſes waſ hem ðuſ hid, It was thus hid,
for, migten he finden ðe ſtede,
Quor engel-wird hiſ liche dede, 4140 that the people might
not afterwards worship
fele ſulden him leuen on, it.
And leten god; ðat were miſ-don.
391]
MS. haued.
392]
MS. beð beð agt.
393]
MS. goð.
MAY GOD SHIELD US FROM HELL'S NIGHT!
Ydolatrie, ðat waſ hem lef,
ofte vt-wrogte hem ſorges dref. 4144
Although Moses was
MOyſes iſ faren, on elde told 120 years old,
fulle ſex ſcore winter old;
And ðog him leſtede hiſe ſigte brigt, yet his eyesight
4148 remained bright, and
And euerilc toð bi tale rigt. every tooth was "by
.xxx. daiges wep iſrael tale right."
for hiſ dead(.) and bi-ment it wel.
Swilc prophete in folc of iſrael Such a prophet in
4152 Israel rose none.
Roſ non, ne ſpac wið god ſo wel;
Eſdras iſ witneſſe of [hiſ] ſage,
He was wel wiſ of ðe olde lage.
Beseech we now
Bi-ſeke we nu godes migt, God's might,
ðat he make ure ſowles brigt, 4156
Page 214
And ſhilde us fro elles nigt, that he shield us from
Hell's night,
And lede us to bliſſe and in-to ligt;
In ſwilc ðewes lene[394] us to cumen,[395]
ðurg quat we ben to liue numen, 4160
And in-to bliſſe wið ſeli men; [Fol. 81.]
and bring us all into
Wið muð and herte ſey we, Amen! bliss. Amen!
EXPLICIT LIBer EXODUS.
394]
? leue.
395]
MS. cunen.
NOTES.
P. 1. ll. 1-2
Man og to luuen ðat rimes ren,
ðe Wisseð wel ðe logede men.
og, another form of agh, = ow = ought. ren = run = rune, song, story.
"Nalde ha nane runes
Ne nane luue runes
leornen ne lustnen."—(St. Kath.
108.)
logede = lay. It is not necessarily unlearned, ignorant, etc., for O.E. writers
frequently use the term in contradistinction to clergy. See Ayenbite, p. 197.
"Vor all manere of volk studieþ in avarice, and (both) great and smale,
kinges, prelates, clerkes, an lewede and religious."—(Ayenbite, p. 34.)
"And bathe klerk and laued man
Englis understand kan,
Hell's night,
And lede us to bliſſe and in-to ligt;
In ſwilc ðewes lene[394] us to cumen,[395]
ðurg quat we ben to liue numen, 4160
And in-to bliſſe wið ſeli men; [Fol. 81.]
and bring us all into
Wið muð and herte ſey we, Amen! bliss. Amen!
EXPLICIT LIBer EXODUS.
394]
? leue.
395]
MS. cunen.
NOTES.
P. 1. ll. 1-2
Man og to luuen ðat rimes ren,
ðe Wisseð wel ðe logede men.
og, another form of agh, = ow = ought. ren = run = rune, song, story.
"Nalde ha nane runes
Ne nane luue runes
leornen ne lustnen."—(St. Kath.
108.)
logede = lay. It is not necessarily unlearned, ignorant, etc., for O.E. writers
frequently use the term in contradistinction to clergy. See Ayenbite, p. 197.
"Vor all manere of volk studieþ in avarice, and (both) great and smale,
kinges, prelates, clerkes, an lewede and religious."—(Ayenbite, p. 34.)
"And bathe klerk and laued man
Englis understand kan,
Page 215
That was born in Ingeland."—(Met.
Hom. p. 4.)
3 loken, to take care of oneself, to direct one's course of life, keep from sin.
See Ayenbite of Inwyt, pp. 1, 197, 199, 201.
"Ac alneway hit is nyed to leawede
men
that hi ham loki vram þise zenne
(avarice)."—Ayenbite, p. 31.
10 ðund is evidently an error for gund = yond, yonder, over. Cp. gu for ðu,
ll. 365, 366.
"& þeond þat lond he heom to-draf
(B. & ouer al þat lond he drof
heom)."—(Laȝ. i. 68.)
12 earuermor = eauermor = evermore. 14 soðe-sagen = soðe-sage = sooth-
saw = sooth-saying, true saying.
15-16
Cristene men ogen ben so fagen,
so fueles arn quan he it sen dagen.
Christian men ought to be as fain
(glad)
As fowls (birds) are when they see
it dawn.
17 telled = telleð = telleth. 20 devil-dwale = devil-deceiver, devil-heretic =
arch-deceiver, arch-heretic. See l. 67. Cf. maȝȝstredwale = master heretic =
arch-heretic, in the following passage:—
Hom. p. 4.)
3 loken, to take care of oneself, to direct one's course of life, keep from sin.
See Ayenbite of Inwyt, pp. 1, 197, 199, 201.
"Ac alneway hit is nyed to leawede
men
that hi ham loki vram þise zenne
(avarice)."—Ayenbite, p. 31.
10 ðund is evidently an error for gund = yond, yonder, over. Cp. gu for ðu,
ll. 365, 366.
"& þeond þat lond he heom to-draf
(B. & ouer al þat lond he drof
heom)."—(Laȝ. i. 68.)
12 earuermor = eauermor = evermore. 14 soðe-sagen = soðe-sage = sooth-
saw = sooth-saying, true saying.
15-16
Cristene men ogen ben so fagen,
so fueles arn quan he it sen dagen.
Christian men ought to be as fain
(glad)
As fowls (birds) are when they see
it dawn.
17 telled = telleð = telleth. 20 devil-dwale = devil-deceiver, devil-heretic =
arch-deceiver, arch-heretic. See l. 67. Cf. maȝȝstredwale = master heretic =
arch-heretic, in the following passage:—
Page 216
"Off all þis laþe læredd follc
Þat we nu mælenn ummbe
Wass maȝȝstredwale, an defless
þeww,
Þat Arrius was nemmnedd."
Of all this loathsome learned folk
That we now talk about
Was an arch-heretic, a devil's serf
That Arius was named.
—(Orm. i. p. 258, l. 7454.)
23
til god srid him in manliched,
till god shrouded (clothed) himself
in manhood.
srid = sridde.
24 bote and red, salvation and counsel. 25 And unspered al ðe fendes sped
= undid all the fiend's successful work (luck). 26 halp = Old and Middle
Eng. holp = helped, assisted.
P. 2. l. 27 Biddi, an error for bidde?
31-34
ðu giue me seli timinge,
To thaunen ðis wer[l]des
biginninge,
ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge,
Queðer so hic rede or singe!
Give Thou me a propitious
opportunity
Þat we nu mælenn ummbe
Wass maȝȝstredwale, an defless
þeww,
Þat Arrius was nemmnedd."
Of all this loathsome learned folk
That we now talk about
Was an arch-heretic, a devil's serf
That Arius was named.
—(Orm. i. p. 258, l. 7454.)
23
til god srid him in manliched,
till god shrouded (clothed) himself
in manhood.
srid = sridde.
24 bote and red, salvation and counsel. 25 And unspered al ðe fendes sped
= undid all the fiend's successful work (luck). 26 halp = Old and Middle
Eng. holp = helped, assisted.
P. 2. l. 27 Biddi, an error for bidde?
31-34
ðu giue me seli timinge,
To thaunen ðis wer[l]des
biginninge,
ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge,
Queðer so hic rede or singe!
Give Thou me a propitious
opportunity
Page 217
To show (declare) this world's
beginning,
Thee, Lord God, for honour,
Whether-so-ever I read or sing!
thaunen = taunen, show, exhibit.
"Ful wel he [Crist] taunede his luue
to man,
Wan he ðurg holi spel him wan."
—Bestiary (O.E. Miscell. p. 24,
l. 767.)
The word is very uncommon in O.E. writers. Cp. O.Du. tônen, to show. See
ll. 1022, 2034. wurðinge = for worship, honour. wurðinge is a noun, not a
participle or gerund. See l. 133. 38 Ear ðanne = ere that.
41
ðo bad god wurðen stund and stede,
When God bad exist time and
space.
43 ðrosing seems to be an error for ðrosim or ðrosem = fog, mist, chaos. Cf.
waspene in l. 1440, p. 41, where the correct form is wasteme. aðrusemen, to
suffocate, occurs in Ancren Riwle, p. 40.
wíte þoliað
hátne heaðo-welm
helle to-middes
brand & bráde lígas
swilce eác þa biteran récas,
þrosm and þystro,
torment they suffer
burning heat intense
beginning,
Thee, Lord God, for honour,
Whether-so-ever I read or sing!
thaunen = taunen, show, exhibit.
"Ful wel he [Crist] taunede his luue
to man,
Wan he ðurg holi spel him wan."
—Bestiary (O.E. Miscell. p. 24,
l. 767.)
The word is very uncommon in O.E. writers. Cp. O.Du. tônen, to show. See
ll. 1022, 2034. wurðinge = for worship, honour. wurðinge is a noun, not a
participle or gerund. See l. 133. 38 Ear ðanne = ere that.
41
ðo bad god wurðen stund and stede,
When God bad exist time and
space.
43 ðrosing seems to be an error for ðrosim or ðrosem = fog, mist, chaos. Cf.
waspene in l. 1440, p. 41, where the correct form is wasteme. aðrusemen, to
suffocate, occurs in Ancren Riwle, p. 40.
wíte þoliað
hátne heaðo-welm
helle to-middes
brand & bráde lígas
swilce eác þa biteran récas,
þrosm and þystro,
torment they suffer
burning heat intense
Page 218
amidst hell,
fire, and broad flames;
so also the bitter reeks
smoke and darkness.
(Caedmon, p. 21, 18.)
45 ðu wislike mune = do thou wisely bear in mind. 47 hin = hine = him. 48
or, another form of ar, = ere, before. 49-56 The meaning of these lines may
be expressed as follows:—"And of them two [God the Father and God the
Son] that dearly love, who wield all here and above, proceeds that holy
love, that wise will [the Holy Ghost], that wieldeth all things with right and
skill [reason]. Might bad with word light exist; also that might [the Holy
Ghost] wieldeth holy consolation, for there are three persons and one
counsel, one might, and one godhead." 54 Hali froure = holy comfort, an
allusion to the office of Holy Ghost as the comforter.
"Hire uoster moder wes an þe
frourede hire."
= Her foster mother was one who comforted her.—(St. Marherete, p. 8.) 58
o sunde[r] sad = on sunder shad, i. e. a-sunder shed = divided apart,
separated. It still exists in water-shed, Ger. wasser-scheide. Cf. l. 116. See
Hampole's Pricke of Conscience, p. 271, l. 32. Cp. "the schedynge of
tonges." (Trevisa's Translation of Higden's Polychron., p. 251.) "The
longages & tonges were ischad & to-schift."—Ib. p. 251.
P. 3. l. 63 ðis walkenes turn = this welkin's course. See l. 79. 64 quuad =
biquuad = bequeathed, ordained. See l. 117.
69
And euerilc wunder, and euerilc wo.
And every evil and every woe.
Wunder = misfortune, evil. S.Saxon wundre, mischief, hurt.
fire, and broad flames;
so also the bitter reeks
smoke and darkness.
(Caedmon, p. 21, 18.)
45 ðu wislike mune = do thou wisely bear in mind. 47 hin = hine = him. 48
or, another form of ar, = ere, before. 49-56 The meaning of these lines may
be expressed as follows:—"And of them two [God the Father and God the
Son] that dearly love, who wield all here and above, proceeds that holy
love, that wise will [the Holy Ghost], that wieldeth all things with right and
skill [reason]. Might bad with word light exist; also that might [the Holy
Ghost] wieldeth holy consolation, for there are three persons and one
counsel, one might, and one godhead." 54 Hali froure = holy comfort, an
allusion to the office of Holy Ghost as the comforter.
"Hire uoster moder wes an þe
frourede hire."
= Her foster mother was one who comforted her.—(St. Marherete, p. 8.) 58
o sunde[r] sad = on sunder shad, i. e. a-sunder shed = divided apart,
separated. It still exists in water-shed, Ger. wasser-scheide. Cf. l. 116. See
Hampole's Pricke of Conscience, p. 271, l. 32. Cp. "the schedynge of
tonges." (Trevisa's Translation of Higden's Polychron., p. 251.) "The
longages & tonges were ischad & to-schift."—Ib. p. 251.
P. 3. l. 63 ðis walkenes turn = this welkin's course. See l. 79. 64 quuad =
biquuad = bequeathed, ordained. See l. 117.
69
And euerilc wunder, and euerilc wo.
And every evil and every woe.
Wunder = misfortune, evil. S.Saxon wundre, mischief, hurt.
Page 219
"hare lust leadeð ham to wurchen to
wundre."
= their lust leadeth them to work to
mischief.—(St. Marh. p.
14.)
(See Sir Gawaine and the Green Knyght. Ed. Morris, l. 16.)
71-72 Our ancestors had some strange chronological theories. In the Cursor
Mundi we read that Adam was made at undern-tide, at mid-day Eve was
drawn from his side, and at noon they both ate the apple, and were thus only
three tides in bliss.[396]
73
ðis ik (ilk?) wort in ebrisse wen.
This same word is in Hebrew opinion (tradition). The true form is wene, "a
wene" = in supposition. See Laȝ. l. 18752; Orm. l. 4326; Owl and
Nightingale, l. 237.
77 a-gon = agen = again. 78 a-gon = gone. It is our word ago.
Grammarians, therefore, altogether err in making the a in ago = the prefixal
element ge (y) as in yclept. agon and ago = the A.Saxon agán = af-gán,
gone by, past. We have abundant examples in O.E. writers of the verb agon
(ago) = to go. The past participle is agon or ago, in conformity to the rule
that the past participles of verbs with this prefix do not take the initial y. 81
o france moal; in French speech; moal = mel = speech. S.Saxon mælenn, to
speak. See Orm. vol. i. l. 99, 253. mol also signifies tribute. See O.E. Hom.
2 S. p. 179; O.E. Miscell. p. 151, l. 161. 87 tellen = reckon. 88 or = ar =
first.
P. 4. l. 102
It hiled [= hileð] al ðis werldes drof.
wundre."
= their lust leadeth them to work to
mischief.—(St. Marh. p.
14.)
(See Sir Gawaine and the Green Knyght. Ed. Morris, l. 16.)
71-72 Our ancestors had some strange chronological theories. In the Cursor
Mundi we read that Adam was made at undern-tide, at mid-day Eve was
drawn from his side, and at noon they both ate the apple, and were thus only
three tides in bliss.[396]
73
ðis ik (ilk?) wort in ebrisse wen.
This same word is in Hebrew opinion (tradition). The true form is wene, "a
wene" = in supposition. See Laȝ. l. 18752; Orm. l. 4326; Owl and
Nightingale, l. 237.
77 a-gon = agen = again. 78 a-gon = gone. It is our word ago.
Grammarians, therefore, altogether err in making the a in ago = the prefixal
element ge (y) as in yclept. agon and ago = the A.Saxon agán = af-gán,
gone by, past. We have abundant examples in O.E. writers of the verb agon
(ago) = to go. The past participle is agon or ago, in conformity to the rule
that the past participles of verbs with this prefix do not take the initial y. 81
o france moal; in French speech; moal = mel = speech. S.Saxon mælenn, to
speak. See Orm. vol. i. l. 99, 253. mol also signifies tribute. See O.E. Hom.
2 S. p. 179; O.E. Miscell. p. 151, l. 161. 87 tellen = reckon. 88 or = ar =
first.
P. 4. l. 102
It hiled [= hileð] al ðis werldes drof.
Page 220
= It surrounds (encloses) all this
world's drove (assemblage).
drof = A.S. dráf, company.
105
Til domes-dai ne sal it troken.
Till doomsday it shall not fail.
troken = S.Saxon truken, O.E. trokie.
"Ah for nauer nare teonen
Nulle we þe trukien."
But never for no injury
Will we fail thee.
—(Laȝ. i. p. 186.)
"Ah nauest þu neuere nenne mon.
......
Þe cunne wærc makien.
Þe nauere nulle trukien."
But thou hast never no [any] man
......
Who can make a work,
That never will fail.
The later copy reads "þat neuere nolle trokie." See St. Kath. 1814.
107 suuen = shoven, i. e. thrust, prest, driven.
111 oo = O.E. aa = ai = ever.
world's drove (assemblage).
drof = A.S. dráf, company.
105
Til domes-dai ne sal it troken.
Till doomsday it shall not fail.
troken = S.Saxon truken, O.E. trokie.
"Ah for nauer nare teonen
Nulle we þe trukien."
But never for no injury
Will we fail thee.
—(Laȝ. i. p. 186.)
"Ah nauest þu neuere nenne mon.
......
Þe cunne wærc makien.
Þe nauere nulle trukien."
But thou hast never no [any] man
......
Who can make a work,
That never will fail.
The later copy reads "þat neuere nolle trokie." See St. Kath. 1814.
107 suuen = shoven, i. e. thrust, prest, driven.
111 oo = O.E. aa = ai = ever.
Page 221
119 birðheltre, fruit tree, from birðel, fruitbearing. Adjectives in -el, -ol, are
not uncommon in O.E. See O.E. Hom. 2 S. p. 131.
Cp. "ðare bwys bowys all for
byrtht."
Their boughs bend all for fruit.
—(Wyntown, i. p. 14.)
124-5 fodme. When we find, as on p. 2, l. 43, ðrosing for ðrosim, we must
not be surprised at learning that fodme is an error for fodinge, production;
A.S. fadung, dispensation, order, production, from fadian, gefadian, to
dispose, order, produce. "Hwæt is se Sunu? He is þæs Fæder Wisdom, and
his Word, and his Miht, þurh þone se Fæder gesceop ealle þing and
gefadode."—(Ælfric—"De Fide Catholica"—Thorpe's Analecta, p. 65.) "An
Scyppend is ealra þinga, gesewenlicra and ungesewenlicra; and we sceolon
on hine gelyfan, forþon þe hé is soð God and ána Aelmihtig, seðe næfre ne
ongann ne anginn næfde, ac hé sylf is anginn, and hé eallum gesceaftum
anginn and ordfruman forgeaf, þaet hí beon mihton, and þæt hí hæfdon agen
gecynd, swa swa hit þære godcundlican fadunge gelicode."—(Ibid, p. 63.)
125 quuemeðen = quemeden, pleased. See l. 86.
P. 5. l. 133
walknes wurðinge, and erdes
[erðes?] frame.
welkin's glory and earth's
advantage.
frame = advantage, gain, profit. See Handlyng Synne, ll. 5, 4249.
"Twifold forbisne in ðis der [the fox]
To frame we mugen finden her."—
(O.E. Miscell. p. 14, l. 425.)
not uncommon in O.E. See O.E. Hom. 2 S. p. 131.
Cp. "ðare bwys bowys all for
byrtht."
Their boughs bend all for fruit.
—(Wyntown, i. p. 14.)
124-5 fodme. When we find, as on p. 2, l. 43, ðrosing for ðrosim, we must
not be surprised at learning that fodme is an error for fodinge, production;
A.S. fadung, dispensation, order, production, from fadian, gefadian, to
dispose, order, produce. "Hwæt is se Sunu? He is þæs Fæder Wisdom, and
his Word, and his Miht, þurh þone se Fæder gesceop ealle þing and
gefadode."—(Ælfric—"De Fide Catholica"—Thorpe's Analecta, p. 65.) "An
Scyppend is ealra þinga, gesewenlicra and ungesewenlicra; and we sceolon
on hine gelyfan, forþon þe hé is soð God and ána Aelmihtig, seðe næfre ne
ongann ne anginn næfde, ac hé sylf is anginn, and hé eallum gesceaftum
anginn and ordfruman forgeaf, þaet hí beon mihton, and þæt hí hæfdon agen
gecynd, swa swa hit þære godcundlican fadunge gelicode."—(Ibid, p. 63.)
125 quuemeðen = quemeden, pleased. See l. 86.
P. 5. l. 133
walknes wurðinge, and erdes
[erðes?] frame.
welkin's glory and earth's
advantage.
frame = advantage, gain, profit. See Handlyng Synne, ll. 5, 4249.
"Twifold forbisne in ðis der [the fox]
To frame we mugen finden her."—
(O.E. Miscell. p. 14, l. 425.)
Page 222
"Summwhatt icc habbe shæwedd
ȝuw
till ȝure sawle nede,
ȝiff þat ȝe willenn follȝenn itt
& ȝuw till frame turrnenn."—
(Orm. vol. i. p. 31.)
"Manne frame = men's
advantage."—(O.E. Miscell.
p. 2, l. 39.)
"Jhesu, do me that for thi name
Me liketh to dreȝe pyne ant shame
That is thy (the?) soule note ant
frame,
Ant make myn herte milde ant
tame."—(Lyric Poetry, p.
71.)
134
He knowned (= knoweð) one ilc
sterre name.
He alone knoweth each star's name.
135 He settes = He set (placed) them. Cf. l. 156, where wroutis = wrought
them. The pronoun is or es = them. See Prefaces to Ayenbite of Inwyt, O.E.
Hom. 1st and 2nd SS. 136 ðis walkne went = this welkin's course. See l. 63.
141 bi mannes tale = by man's reckoning. 143 egest = hegest = highest. ðe
sunnes brigt = the sun's brightness. 145 moneð met, measure of a month.
Cp. O.E. metwand. 148 Reke-fille (see l. 3136) = reke-filleð (cp. O.E.
winter-fylleð = October. See Menologium, p. 62, ed. Fox), April (the
vapoury or watery month).
155
ȝuw
till ȝure sawle nede,
ȝiff þat ȝe willenn follȝenn itt
& ȝuw till frame turrnenn."—
(Orm. vol. i. p. 31.)
"Manne frame = men's
advantage."—(O.E. Miscell.
p. 2, l. 39.)
"Jhesu, do me that for thi name
Me liketh to dreȝe pyne ant shame
That is thy (the?) soule note ant
frame,
Ant make myn herte milde ant
tame."—(Lyric Poetry, p.
71.)
134
He knowned (= knoweð) one ilc
sterre name.
He alone knoweth each star's name.
135 He settes = He set (placed) them. Cf. l. 156, where wroutis = wrought
them. The pronoun is or es = them. See Prefaces to Ayenbite of Inwyt, O.E.
Hom. 1st and 2nd SS. 136 ðis walkne went = this welkin's course. See l. 63.
141 bi mannes tale = by man's reckoning. 143 egest = hegest = highest. ðe
sunnes brigt = the sun's brightness. 145 moneð met, measure of a month.
Cp. O.E. metwand. 148 Reke-fille (see l. 3136) = reke-filleð (cp. O.E.
winter-fylleð = October. See Menologium, p. 62, ed. Fox), April (the
vapoury or watery month).
155
Page 223
wel wurðe his migt lefful ay.
Well worth his might ever holy!
Cf. "wo worth the day!" etc. lefful = O.E. geleáfful, faithful, holy. O.E.
Miscell. p. 23, l. 713. 160 eruerilc = eauerilc = every. 162 his flotes migt =
his floating (swimming) power. Cp. "a flote," a float, Rob. of Brunne, p.
169, l. 13. 163 ðen = to prosper, be successful. Cf. the O.E. phrase, "so mot
I the." 164 tuderande = propagating, fruitful.
"Þa gyt drihten cwæð
.....
wórd to Noe
tymað nu & tiedrað."
Again the Lord spake
.....
words to Noah:—
Teem now and propagate.
—(Cæd. p. 91.)
"I was borenn her
Off faderr & off moder.
.....
Þa þeȝȝre time wass all gan
To tiddrenn & to tæmenn."
I was born here
Of father and mother.
.....
When their time was all gone
To propagate and to teem.
—(Orm. ii. p. 284.)
See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 177, where tuder = offspring.
168 So, an error for ðo?
Well worth his might ever holy!
Cf. "wo worth the day!" etc. lefful = O.E. geleáfful, faithful, holy. O.E.
Miscell. p. 23, l. 713. 160 eruerilc = eauerilc = every. 162 his flotes migt =
his floating (swimming) power. Cp. "a flote," a float, Rob. of Brunne, p.
169, l. 13. 163 ðen = to prosper, be successful. Cf. the O.E. phrase, "so mot
I the." 164 tuderande = propagating, fruitful.
"Þa gyt drihten cwæð
.....
wórd to Noe
tymað nu & tiedrað."
Again the Lord spake
.....
words to Noah:—
Teem now and propagate.
—(Cæd. p. 91.)
"I was borenn her
Off faderr & off moder.
.....
Þa þeȝȝre time wass all gan
To tiddrenn & to tæmenn."
I was born here
Of father and mother.
.....
When their time was all gone
To propagate and to teem.
—(Orm. ii. p. 284.)
See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 177, where tuder = offspring.
168 So, an error for ðo?
Page 224
P. 6. l. 169 wrim = wirm = reptiles. 170 Qwel = qwelc; quilc = which.
172 singen, to sin. It is not an error for sinnen, but a genuine form
(contracted from sinigen), and not uncommon in O.E. writers. See sineged
in l. 3555, p. 101.
"He su[n]ggeden and sorgeden and
weren in ðogt."
They sinned and sorrowed and were
in thought.
(O.E. Miscell. p. 22, l. 682.)
"Þe verþe manere to zeneȝi in
chapare is to zelle to tyme."
—(Ayenbite, p. 33.)
"Alsuo may he mid his oȝene wyue
zeneȝi dyadliche.—(Ibid. p.
36.)
Sunegi = to sin, occurs in the "Owl and Nightingale," 926.
See Sunegie, sunehi, in O.E. Miscell. pp. 67, 68, 78, 79, 193.
173
to fremen and do frame,
to serve and do good.—(See l. 133.)
"Heo scullen me mon-radene mid
mo[n]scipe fremmen."
They shall me homage with honour
perform.—(Laȝ. ii. 586.)
See St. Kath. 288; Anc. Riwle, p. 284.
172 singen, to sin. It is not an error for sinnen, but a genuine form
(contracted from sinigen), and not uncommon in O.E. writers. See sineged
in l. 3555, p. 101.
"He su[n]ggeden and sorgeden and
weren in ðogt."
They sinned and sorrowed and were
in thought.
(O.E. Miscell. p. 22, l. 682.)
"Þe verþe manere to zeneȝi in
chapare is to zelle to tyme."
—(Ayenbite, p. 33.)
"Alsuo may he mid his oȝene wyue
zeneȝi dyadliche.—(Ibid. p.
36.)
Sunegi = to sin, occurs in the "Owl and Nightingale," 926.
See Sunegie, sunehi, in O.E. Miscell. pp. 67, 68, 78, 79, 193.
173
to fremen and do frame,
to serve and do good.—(See l. 133.)
"Heo scullen me mon-radene mid
mo[n]scipe fremmen."
They shall me homage with honour
perform.—(Laȝ. ii. 586.)
See St. Kath. 288; Anc. Riwle, p. 284.
Page 225
Freme and frame are radically the same words, the former being of A.Saxon
and the latter of Norse origin. In the Ayenbite, p. 91, vreme = freme = frame
is used exactly in the sense of frame: "We wylleþ wel þet we be yvonded
(tempted) vor hit is oure vreme ine vele maneres, vor we byeþ þe more
ymylded and þe dredvoller and þe more wys ine alle þinges and þe more
worþ and þe more asayd." 197 oc = og = ow, ought.
P. 7. ll. 204-6
Whilst it (the soul) followed holy
will,
God's self the while is pleased,
And displeased when it loves sin.
un-lif is evidently an error for un-lief = displeased = O.E. unleôf. In the MS.
the f has a long tail, and might almost stand for an incomplete k. 217 kiegt =
hight = threatened, literally promised. 222 ilc here = each of them. Cf. the
expressions her non, non her = none of them. 228 sib = akin, related; still
preserved in gossip, originally godsib. See Ayenbite, p. 36. 230 wrocte =
wrogte = pret. of worken, to ache, pain, hurt. Cf. A.S. rop-weorc =
stomach-ache; weorcsum, irksome. In the Reliq. Antiq., p. 51, a receipt is
given "for evel and werke in þe bledder." On p. 54 of the same work we
have a receipt for the "seke man" whose "heved werkes." 234 ðurte, an
abbreviated form of ðurfte = behoved. This verb is used with the dative of
the pronoun. (See Handlynge Synne, l. 5826.)
"Whyne had God made us swa
Þat us thurt never haf feled wele ne
wa."
—(Hampole's P. of C. 6229.)
P. 8. l. 240 seli sped may be regarded as a compound, and printed seli-sped
= good speed, prosperity. Cf. l. 310, where iwel sped = iwel-sped =
misfortune. Cf. O.E. gode-happe, prosperity, and ille-happe, mishap. 247
seuendai = seuend dai = seventh day. 250 newes = a-new, a genitival
and the latter of Norse origin. In the Ayenbite, p. 91, vreme = freme = frame
is used exactly in the sense of frame: "We wylleþ wel þet we be yvonded
(tempted) vor hit is oure vreme ine vele maneres, vor we byeþ þe more
ymylded and þe dredvoller and þe more wys ine alle þinges and þe more
worþ and þe more asayd." 197 oc = og = ow, ought.
P. 7. ll. 204-6
Whilst it (the soul) followed holy
will,
God's self the while is pleased,
And displeased when it loves sin.
un-lif is evidently an error for un-lief = displeased = O.E. unleôf. In the MS.
the f has a long tail, and might almost stand for an incomplete k. 217 kiegt =
hight = threatened, literally promised. 222 ilc here = each of them. Cf. the
expressions her non, non her = none of them. 228 sib = akin, related; still
preserved in gossip, originally godsib. See Ayenbite, p. 36. 230 wrocte =
wrogte = pret. of worken, to ache, pain, hurt. Cf. A.S. rop-weorc =
stomach-ache; weorcsum, irksome. In the Reliq. Antiq., p. 51, a receipt is
given "for evel and werke in þe bledder." On p. 54 of the same work we
have a receipt for the "seke man" whose "heved werkes." 234 ðurte, an
abbreviated form of ðurfte = behoved. This verb is used with the dative of
the pronoun. (See Handlynge Synne, l. 5826.)
"Whyne had God made us swa
Þat us thurt never haf feled wele ne
wa."
—(Hampole's P. of C. 6229.)
P. 8. l. 240 seli sped may be regarded as a compound, and printed seli-sped
= good speed, prosperity. Cf. l. 310, where iwel sped = iwel-sped =
misfortune. Cf. O.E. gode-happe, prosperity, and ille-happe, mishap. 247
seuendai = seuend dai = seventh day. 250 newes = a-new, a genitival
Page 226
adjective used adverbially. Cf. our modern adverb needs, O.E. nedes, of
necessity; lives, alive. (R. of Gloucester, 301, 376. Owl and Nightingale,
1632.) deathes = dead. (R. of Gl., 375, 382. Owl and Nightingale, 1630.)
255 rode-wold = rode tree. I have printed rode-wold and not rode wold,
because the two expressions are widely different in meaning. In the latter
phrase the word wold = put to death, slain; in the former it is a suffix = -
tree, -beam; so that rode-wold corresponds exactly to the O.E. rode-tre =
rood-tre = the cross.
"Þe ille men in manhed sal hym
[Christ] se,
Anly als he henged on þe rode-tre,"
etc.
—(Hampole's P. of C., l. 5260.)
Cf. dore-tree, Piers Pl. 833, and the phrases "hanged on a tree," "the
gallows tree," etc. O.E. Tre = tree = wood, beam (and treen = wooden), still
existing in axle-tree, saddle-tree, etc. The -wold in rode-wold must
therefore = -tre = wood, beam, which we still preserve in threshold. O.E.
threshwald, threshwold (A.S. thersc-wald, thyrscwold). The affix -wold
fortunately occurs again in lines 576 and 614 in the word arche-wold = ark-
board.
Sexe hundred ger noe was hold,
Quan he dede him in ðe arche-
wold.—(l. 576.)
Sex hundred ger and on dan olde
Noe ſag ut of ðe arche-wolde.—(l.
614.)
A passage in Cædmon's poems furnishes us with the very term ark-board by
which we have rendered arche-wold.
"Læd swa ic ðe hate
under earce-bord
necessity; lives, alive. (R. of Gloucester, 301, 376. Owl and Nightingale,
1632.) deathes = dead. (R. of Gl., 375, 382. Owl and Nightingale, 1630.)
255 rode-wold = rode tree. I have printed rode-wold and not rode wold,
because the two expressions are widely different in meaning. In the latter
phrase the word wold = put to death, slain; in the former it is a suffix = -
tree, -beam; so that rode-wold corresponds exactly to the O.E. rode-tre =
rood-tre = the cross.
"Þe ille men in manhed sal hym
[Christ] se,
Anly als he henged on þe rode-tre,"
etc.
—(Hampole's P. of C., l. 5260.)
Cf. dore-tree, Piers Pl. 833, and the phrases "hanged on a tree," "the
gallows tree," etc. O.E. Tre = tree = wood, beam (and treen = wooden), still
existing in axle-tree, saddle-tree, etc. The -wold in rode-wold must
therefore = -tre = wood, beam, which we still preserve in threshold. O.E.
threshwald, threshwold (A.S. thersc-wald, thyrscwold). The affix -wold
fortunately occurs again in lines 576 and 614 in the word arche-wold = ark-
board.
Sexe hundred ger noe was hold,
Quan he dede him in ðe arche-
wold.—(l. 576.)
Sex hundred ger and on dan olde
Noe ſag ut of ðe arche-wolde.—(l.
614.)
A passage in Cædmon's poems furnishes us with the very term ark-board by
which we have rendered arche-wold.
"Læd swa ic ðe hate
under earce-bord
Page 227
eaforan þine."
Lead so I thee hete (command)
under the ark-board
thy progeny.
—(l. 23, p. 80.)
"Him þa Noe gewat
swa hine nergand het
under earce-bord."
Noah then departed
as him the preserver bad,
under the ark board.
—(l. 4, p. 82.)
259
Siðen for-les ðat dai is pris
Afterwards lost that day its honour.
266
And seli sad fro ðe forwrogt.
And the righteous separated from
the wicked (accursed).
Seli constantly occurs in O.E. writers in the sense of good, and unseli, with
the opposite meaning of bad, wicked. At first sight it would appear that the
for in forwrogt is the same prefix which we have in forbid, forsake, O.E.
for-worth, "good for nothing;" but forwrogt in O.E. = overworked, and,
hence, fatigued. Forwrogt seems to be connected with the O.H.Ger.
foruuerget, cursed; O.E. weried, cursed. The first interpretation, however, is
supported by the Goth. verb fra-vaurkjan; Ger. verwirken, sündigen.
271
Lead so I thee hete (command)
under the ark-board
thy progeny.
—(l. 23, p. 80.)
"Him þa Noe gewat
swa hine nergand het
under earce-bord."
Noah then departed
as him the preserver bad,
under the ark board.
—(l. 4, p. 82.)
259
Siðen for-les ðat dai is pris
Afterwards lost that day its honour.
266
And seli sad fro ðe forwrogt.
And the righteous separated from
the wicked (accursed).
Seli constantly occurs in O.E. writers in the sense of good, and unseli, with
the opposite meaning of bad, wicked. At first sight it would appear that the
for in forwrogt is the same prefix which we have in forbid, forsake, O.E.
for-worth, "good for nothing;" but forwrogt in O.E. = overworked, and,
hence, fatigued. Forwrogt seems to be connected with the O.H.Ger.
foruuerget, cursed; O.E. weried, cursed. The first interpretation, however, is
supported by the Goth. verb fra-vaurkjan; Ger. verwirken, sündigen.
271
Page 228
Ligber he sridde a
dere srud.
Lucifer he shrouded (clothed) in
dear (precious) shrouds
(vestments).
Ligber is evidently Ligtber = Lucifer. It occurs in the Ayenbite, p. 10:
—"And verst we willeþ zigge of þe zenne of prede, vor þet wes þe verste
zenne and þe aginninge of alle kueade, for prede brek verst velaȝrede and
ordre, huanne Liȝtbere the angel for his greate vayrhede and his greate wyt
wolde by above þe oþre angeles and him wolde emni to God þet hine zo
vayr an zuo guod hedde ymad."
272-276
And he became in himself proud,
And with that pride upon him
waxed envy
That evilly influenced all his
conduct;
Then might he no lord tolerate,
That should in any wise control
him.
P. 9. l. 275 ðhauen = suffer, endure, tolerate. S.Saxon ðafen, iðeuen; O.E.
thave.
"Þe sexte bede þatt mann bitt
Uppo þe Paterr Nossterr
Þatt iss, þatt Godd ne þole nohht
Ne þafe laþe gastess.
To winnenn oferrhand off uss
Þurrh heore laþe wiless."
The sixth petition that one prayeth
dere srud.
Lucifer he shrouded (clothed) in
dear (precious) shrouds
(vestments).
Ligber is evidently Ligtber = Lucifer. It occurs in the Ayenbite, p. 10:
—"And verst we willeþ zigge of þe zenne of prede, vor þet wes þe verste
zenne and þe aginninge of alle kueade, for prede brek verst velaȝrede and
ordre, huanne Liȝtbere the angel for his greate vayrhede and his greate wyt
wolde by above þe oþre angeles and him wolde emni to God þet hine zo
vayr an zuo guod hedde ymad."
272-276
And he became in himself proud,
And with that pride upon him
waxed envy
That evilly influenced all his
conduct;
Then might he no lord tolerate,
That should in any wise control
him.
P. 9. l. 275 ðhauen = suffer, endure, tolerate. S.Saxon ðafen, iðeuen; O.E.
thave.
"Þe sexte bede þatt mann bitt
Uppo þe Paterr Nossterr
Þatt iss, þatt Godd ne þole nohht
Ne þafe laþe gastess.
To winnenn oferrhand off uss
Þurrh heore laþe wiless."
The sixth petition that one prayeth
Page 229
in the Pater Noster is that God
should
not suffer nor permit loathsome
spirits
to gain the upperhand of us
through their loathsome wiles.
—(Orm. i. p. 188.)
"& Hengest hine gon werien.
& nalde it noht iþeuen [þolie]."
And Hengest gan him defend
And would not suffer it.
—(Laȝ. vol. ii. p. 215.)
276 ðhinge = place, office, duty; it seems to be here used adverbially in the
sense of "any wise," "at all." 276 grauen is perhaps an error for þrauen, to
compel, control. Cf. gu for ðu, p. 11, ll. 365, 366, and ðund for gund. If
grauen be the original reading then it is equivalent to greven. O.F. grever,
Lat. gravare, to injure, grieve.
278
Min sete norð on heuene maken.
"Sette," he (Lucifer) said, "mi sete I
sal
Gain him þat heist es of alle;
In þe north side it sal be sette,
O me seruis sal he non gette."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 4b.)
282 geuelic = geuenlic = like. Cf. the A.S. ge-efenlæcan, to be like, to
imitate. O.E. euening = equal.
"And ðeðen he sal cumen eft,
should
not suffer nor permit loathsome
spirits
to gain the upperhand of us
through their loathsome wiles.
—(Orm. i. p. 188.)
"& Hengest hine gon werien.
& nalde it noht iþeuen [þolie]."
And Hengest gan him defend
And would not suffer it.
—(Laȝ. vol. ii. p. 215.)
276 ðhinge = place, office, duty; it seems to be here used adverbially in the
sense of "any wise," "at all." 276 grauen is perhaps an error for þrauen, to
compel, control. Cf. gu for ðu, p. 11, ll. 365, 366, and ðund for gund. If
grauen be the original reading then it is equivalent to greven. O.F. grever,
Lat. gravare, to injure, grieve.
278
Min sete norð on heuene maken.
"Sette," he (Lucifer) said, "mi sete I
sal
Gain him þat heist es of alle;
In þe north side it sal be sette,
O me seruis sal he non gette."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 4b.)
282 geuelic = geuenlic = like. Cf. the A.S. ge-efenlæcan, to be like, to
imitate. O.E. euening = equal.
"And ðeðen he sal cumen eft,
Page 230
and thence he shall come again,
......
for to demen alle men,
for to judge all men,
oc nout on-geuelike.
but not a-like."—(O.E. Miscell. p.
23.)
"It (the law) fet ðe licham and te gost
oc nowt o geuelike."
It feedeth the body and the spirit but
not alike.
—(Ibid. p. 10.)
295 ðis quead = this wicked one. In Early English writers we meet with
several derivatives of this word, as kueadliche, wickedly, kueadvol, sinful.
(See Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 4, and extract in Note to l. 271, p. 125.)
301
Euerilc ðhing haued [haueð] he
geue name,
To everything hath he given name.
309-310 Yet I ween I know of a device, that shall bring them misfortune.
P. 10. l. 314 ðor buten hunte, there without search, or hunting, without
delay; or thereabout to hunt or search. 316 bilirten, to deprive of by
treachery, to cheat a person out of a thing.
"ða herodes gesægh for-ðon bisuicen
[& bilyrtet] wæs from dryum, [&
tungul
cræftgum] urað wæs suiðe."
......
for to demen alle men,
for to judge all men,
oc nout on-geuelike.
but not a-like."—(O.E. Miscell. p.
23.)
"It (the law) fet ðe licham and te gost
oc nowt o geuelike."
It feedeth the body and the spirit but
not alike.
—(Ibid. p. 10.)
295 ðis quead = this wicked one. In Early English writers we meet with
several derivatives of this word, as kueadliche, wickedly, kueadvol, sinful.
(See Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 4, and extract in Note to l. 271, p. 125.)
301
Euerilc ðhing haued [haueð] he
geue name,
To everything hath he given name.
309-310 Yet I ween I know of a device, that shall bring them misfortune.
P. 10. l. 314 ðor buten hunte, there without search, or hunting, without
delay; or thereabout to hunt or search. 316 bilirten, to deprive of by
treachery, to cheat a person out of a thing.
"ða herodes gesægh for-ðon bisuicen
[& bilyrtet] wæs from dryum, [&
tungul
cræftgum] urað wæs suiðe."
Page 231
(Matthew ii. 16, Northumbrian
version.)
"Listneð nu a wunder,
ðat tis der doð for hunger:
goð o felde to a furg,
and falleð ðar-inne,
in eried lond er in erð-chine,
forto bilirten fugeles."
Listeneth now to a wonder,
That this deer (fox) doth for hunger:
Goeth a-field to a furrow,
And falleth therein,
In eared land or in earth-chink,
For to deceive fowls.
—(O.E. Miscell. p. 13, l. 403.)
318 dreue = trouble, disturb. Cf. O.E. drove, to trouble, droving, tribulation.
"Þa Herodes þæt gehyrde, þa wearð he gedrefed,[397] & eal Hierosolim-
waru mid him."—Matt. ii. 3.
"& for-þi þatt he sahh þatt ȝho
Was dræfedd of his spæche
He toc to froffrenn hire anann."—
(Orm. i. p. 74.)
"And because that he saw that she was troubled at his word, he took to
comfort her anon." Southern writers, by metathesis, formed from dreuen
(dreue) the vb. deruen (derue), thereby confounding it with another vb.
deruen or derue, pret. dorue, p.p. doruen (A.Sax. deorfan, pret. dearf, p.p.
dorfen), to labour, perish, be in trouble. Dreue is a transitive vb. of the weak
conjugation, while derue is intransitive and of the strong conjugation,
nevertheless we find derue (pret. dorue), taking the signification of dreue.
"Stute nu earme steorue ant swic nuðe lanhure swikele swarte deouel, þat tu
ne derue me na mare."—(Seinte Marherete, p. 12.) "Stop now, poor stern
version.)
"Listneð nu a wunder,
ðat tis der doð for hunger:
goð o felde to a furg,
and falleð ðar-inne,
in eried lond er in erð-chine,
forto bilirten fugeles."
Listeneth now to a wonder,
That this deer (fox) doth for hunger:
Goeth a-field to a furrow,
And falleth therein,
In eared land or in earth-chink,
For to deceive fowls.
—(O.E. Miscell. p. 13, l. 403.)
318 dreue = trouble, disturb. Cf. O.E. drove, to trouble, droving, tribulation.
"Þa Herodes þæt gehyrde, þa wearð he gedrefed,[397] & eal Hierosolim-
waru mid him."—Matt. ii. 3.
"& for-þi þatt he sahh þatt ȝho
Was dræfedd of his spæche
He toc to froffrenn hire anann."—
(Orm. i. p. 74.)
"And because that he saw that she was troubled at his word, he took to
comfort her anon." Southern writers, by metathesis, formed from dreuen
(dreue) the vb. deruen (derue), thereby confounding it with another vb.
deruen or derue, pret. dorue, p.p. doruen (A.Sax. deorfan, pret. dearf, p.p.
dorfen), to labour, perish, be in trouble. Dreue is a transitive vb. of the weak
conjugation, while derue is intransitive and of the strong conjugation,
nevertheless we find derue (pret. dorue), taking the signification of dreue.
"Stute nu earme steorue ant swic nuðe lanhure swikele swarte deouel, þat tu
ne derue me na mare."—(Seinte Marherete, p. 12.) "Stop now, poor stern
Page 232
one, and cease now at once, deceitful swart devil, that thou harm me no
more." In Laȝamon we find not only pret. drof = distressed, but derfde, and
the p.p. iderued. In the Owl and Nightingale (ed. Wright), p. 40, we find the
p.p. idorve = troubled, injured.
"Other thou bodest cualm of oreve
(orve),
Other that lond-folc wurth i-dorve."
322
And senkede hire hure aldre bale
= And poured out to her the bale of
us all,
i. e. gave her the cup of sorrow, of which we all drink; senkede = schenkede,
to pour out, to give to drink, to skink. See Orm. ii. 181. Laȝ. ii. 202, 431;
Alys. 7581; Owl and Nightingale, p. 70.
324
Quat oget nu ðat for-bode o-wold
= What does now that prohibition
signify?
i. e. What is the meaning of the prohibition; oget = has, possesses o wold =
a wold = in force, in signification. Cp.
Quat-so his dremes owen a wold
= What-soever his dreams do mean.
In ll. 1671, 2122 wold occurs as a noun = interpretation, meaning. The
connection between the idea of power, and meaning, interpretation, is not,
after all, so very remote. Do we not speak of the force of a word, its power,
use, etc., in an expression? See Ormulum, p. 56, l. 11815.
more." In Laȝamon we find not only pret. drof = distressed, but derfde, and
the p.p. iderued. In the Owl and Nightingale (ed. Wright), p. 40, we find the
p.p. idorve = troubled, injured.
"Other thou bodest cualm of oreve
(orve),
Other that lond-folc wurth i-dorve."
322
And senkede hire hure aldre bale
= And poured out to her the bale of
us all,
i. e. gave her the cup of sorrow, of which we all drink; senkede = schenkede,
to pour out, to give to drink, to skink. See Orm. ii. 181. Laȝ. ii. 202, 431;
Alys. 7581; Owl and Nightingale, p. 70.
324
Quat oget nu ðat for-bode o-wold
= What does now that prohibition
signify?
i. e. What is the meaning of the prohibition; oget = has, possesses o wold =
a wold = in force, in signification. Cp.
Quat-so his dremes owen a wold
= What-soever his dreams do mean.
In ll. 1671, 2122 wold occurs as a noun = interpretation, meaning. The
connection between the idea of power, and meaning, interpretation, is not,
after all, so very remote. Do we not speak of the force of a word, its power,
use, etc., in an expression? See Ormulum, p. 56, l. 11815.
Page 233
327
for is fruit sired [sireð?] mannes
mood,
= for its fruit enlighteneth (cleareth)
man's mind.
330 witent for witen it = know it. 333 on hire mod = in her mind. 339 scroðt
= scroð = solicited; the pret. of scriðe. The original meaning of the verb is,
(1) to go; (2) to cause to go, to urge; (3) to solicit.
341
for to forðen is fendes wil,
for to further (do) his foe's will.
"For up he rigteð him
redi to deren,
to deren er to ded maken
if he it muge forðen."—(O.E.
Miscell. pp. 5, 6.)
342
At he ðat fruit, and dede unskil,
Ate he that fruit and committed sin.
unskil, literally, signifies indiscretion, folly, and by an easy transition, sin,
crime. (See Ormulum, vol. i. p. 12. Cf. O.E. unskilwis = irrational.)
P. 11. l. 345 Vn-buxumhed = disobedience; but in line 346 it signifies
weakness, un-lithesomeness.
347-8
for is fruit sired [sireð?] mannes
mood,
= for its fruit enlighteneth (cleareth)
man's mind.
330 witent for witen it = know it. 333 on hire mod = in her mind. 339 scroðt
= scroð = solicited; the pret. of scriðe. The original meaning of the verb is,
(1) to go; (2) to cause to go, to urge; (3) to solicit.
341
for to forðen is fendes wil,
for to further (do) his foe's will.
"For up he rigteð him
redi to deren,
to deren er to ded maken
if he it muge forðen."—(O.E.
Miscell. pp. 5, 6.)
342
At he ðat fruit, and dede unskil,
Ate he that fruit and committed sin.
unskil, literally, signifies indiscretion, folly, and by an easy transition, sin,
crime. (See Ormulum, vol. i. p. 12. Cf. O.E. unskilwis = irrational.)
P. 11. l. 345 Vn-buxumhed = disobedience; but in line 346 it signifies
weakness, un-lithesomeness.
347-8
Page 234
Vn-welde woren and in win
Here owen limes hem wið-in.
Their own limbs within them
Were powerless and in strife.
vnwelde = unwieldy = the S. Saxon vniwælde, heavy.—(Gower i. 312.)
"——hise limes arn unwelde."—
(O.E. Miscell. p. 3.)
(i. e. weak with age); in win, in strife, conflict.
"and wið al mankin
he (the devil) haueð nið and win"
(envy and strife).
(O.E. Miscell. p. 8.)
"ðis fis wuneð wið ðe se grund,
and liueð ðer eure heil and sund,
til it cumeð ðe time
ðat storm stireð al ðe se,
ðanne sumer and winter winnen
(strive)."
(O.E. Miscell. pp. 16, 17.)
"Þar aros wale and win."
There arose slaughter and strife.—
(Laȝ. i. 18.)
349
flesses fremeðe and safte same
boðen he felten on here lichame.
Lust of flesh, and shame of form
Here owen limes hem wið-in.
Their own limbs within them
Were powerless and in strife.
vnwelde = unwieldy = the S. Saxon vniwælde, heavy.—(Gower i. 312.)
"——hise limes arn unwelde."—
(O.E. Miscell. p. 3.)
(i. e. weak with age); in win, in strife, conflict.
"and wið al mankin
he (the devil) haueð nið and win"
(envy and strife).
(O.E. Miscell. p. 8.)
"ðis fis wuneð wið ðe se grund,
and liueð ðer eure heil and sund,
til it cumeð ðe time
ðat storm stireð al ðe se,
ðanne sumer and winter winnen
(strive)."
(O.E. Miscell. pp. 16, 17.)
"Þar aros wale and win."
There arose slaughter and strife.—
(Laȝ. i. 18.)
349
flesses fremeðe and safte same
boðen he felten on here lichame.
Lust of flesh, and shame of form
Page 235
both they felt in their bodies.
fremeðe seems connected with fremen and frame. In the translation I have
connected fremeðe with O.E. frim, vigorous; but it may be another form of
O.E. frumðe, beginning. Then the translation of l. 349 would be 'the
beginning of flesh and shame of form.'
360
ðu haues ðe sorges sigðhe waked.
Thou hast for thyself a sight of
sorrow roused.
sigðhe = sight, but if it be an error for siðhe it will signify adversity,
mishap. 362 ut luken = shut out. 363 tilen ði mete[n] = earn thy food. tilen
(till), earn, procure.
"Ne maig he tilen him non fode."
He is not able to procure food for
himself.
(O.E. Miscell. p. 3.)
364 wid = wið, with. swotes teres = tears of sweat, i. e. drops of sweat. We
may, however, by spoiling the metre, read swotes & teres, for in O.E.
writers swot is frequently used in the singular and makes the plural swotes.
365, 366
Til gu beas eft into erðe cumen,
Till thou art again into earth come.
beas = be'st = art. The present has also a future signification.
369 niðful = envious.
fremeðe seems connected with fremen and frame. In the translation I have
connected fremeðe with O.E. frim, vigorous; but it may be another form of
O.E. frumðe, beginning. Then the translation of l. 349 would be 'the
beginning of flesh and shame of form.'
360
ðu haues ðe sorges sigðhe waked.
Thou hast for thyself a sight of
sorrow roused.
sigðhe = sight, but if it be an error for siðhe it will signify adversity,
mishap. 362 ut luken = shut out. 363 tilen ði mete[n] = earn thy food. tilen
(till), earn, procure.
"Ne maig he tilen him non fode."
He is not able to procure food for
himself.
(O.E. Miscell. p. 3.)
364 wid = wið, with. swotes teres = tears of sweat, i. e. drops of sweat. We
may, however, by spoiling the metre, read swotes & teres, for in O.E.
writers swot is frequently used in the singular and makes the plural swotes.
365, 366
Til gu beas eft into erðe cumen,
Till thou art again into earth come.
beas = be'st = art. The present has also a future signification.
369 niðful = envious.
Page 236
"O nyth þare springes mani bogh,
Þat ledes man to mikel wogh,
for nithful man he luuves lest,
Þe quilk he wat es dughtiest."
—(Cursor Mundi, MS. Cott.
Vesp. A iii. fol. 153b.)
loð an liðer, loathsome and vile.
372
And atter on is tunge cliuen,
And poison on his tongue shall
cleave.
373 san = schand, disgrace, shame. Did the scribe originally write sam =
shame? 377 pilches. This word answers to the "coats of skin" in our English
version of the Scriptures. In modern English pilch is merely the flannel
swathe of an infant, but it formerly signified a fur garment. Cf. Ital. pellicia,
pelizza, any kind of fur; also Fr. pelisse (pelice), a furred garment.
"Here kirtle, here pilche of ermine,
Here keuerchefs of silk, here smok
o line,
Al-togidere, with both fest,
Sche to-rent binethen here brest."—
(Seven Sages, 473.)
P. 12. l. 384.
Cherubin hauet [haueð] ðe gates
sperd,
Cherubim have the gates bolted
(barred, fastened).
Þat ledes man to mikel wogh,
for nithful man he luuves lest,
Þe quilk he wat es dughtiest."
—(Cursor Mundi, MS. Cott.
Vesp. A iii. fol. 153b.)
loð an liðer, loathsome and vile.
372
And atter on is tunge cliuen,
And poison on his tongue shall
cleave.
373 san = schand, disgrace, shame. Did the scribe originally write sam =
shame? 377 pilches. This word answers to the "coats of skin" in our English
version of the Scriptures. In modern English pilch is merely the flannel
swathe of an infant, but it formerly signified a fur garment. Cf. Ital. pellicia,
pelizza, any kind of fur; also Fr. pelisse (pelice), a furred garment.
"Here kirtle, here pilche of ermine,
Here keuerchefs of silk, here smok
o line,
Al-togidere, with both fest,
Sche to-rent binethen here brest."—
(Seven Sages, 473.)
P. 12. l. 384.
Cherubin hauet [haueð] ðe gates
sperd,
Cherubim have the gates bolted
(barred, fastened).
Page 237
391 swem = sorrow, grief. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. swemande.
Legends of Holy Rood, pp. 135, 201.
392
Of iwel and dead hem stondeð
greim
Of evil and death they stand in awe.
A similar phrase occurs in l. 432, p. 13. The phrase stande awe is not
uncommon in O.E. writers.
"Than sal be herd the blast of bem,
The demster sal com to dem,
That al thing of standes awe."
(i. e. stands in awe of.)
—(Met. Hom. p. xii.)
"For Crist com sal be sa bright
Þat thoru þat mikel lauerd might
Him sal of stand sa mikel au,
Þat alle þe filthes of his maugh
Sal brist ute at his hindwin,
For dred he sal haf of drightin."
—(Antichrist and the Signs of
the Doom,
in Jahrbuch für Romanische und
Englische Literatur,
1863, p. 203, l. 408.)
"Thereof ne stod him non owe."—
(Seven Sages, 1887.)
See Havelok the Dane, p. 9, l. 277.
Legends of Holy Rood, pp. 135, 201.
392
Of iwel and dead hem stondeð
greim
Of evil and death they stand in awe.
A similar phrase occurs in l. 432, p. 13. The phrase stande awe is not
uncommon in O.E. writers.
"Than sal be herd the blast of bem,
The demster sal com to dem,
That al thing of standes awe."
(i. e. stands in awe of.)
—(Met. Hom. p. xii.)
"For Crist com sal be sa bright
Þat thoru þat mikel lauerd might
Him sal of stand sa mikel au,
Þat alle þe filthes of his maugh
Sal brist ute at his hindwin,
For dred he sal haf of drightin."
—(Antichrist and the Signs of
the Doom,
in Jahrbuch für Romanische und
Englische Literatur,
1863, p. 203, l. 408.)
"Thereof ne stod him non owe."—
(Seven Sages, 1887.)
See Havelok the Dane, p. 9, l. 277.
Page 238
393 on sundri = asunder = apart, separate.
398
And leded (ledeð) samen gunker lif.
And lead (pass) together your (two)
lives.
leded = ledeð, is a verb in the imperative mood; gunker, the A.S. incer
(dual) = your two, of you two. Cf. ȝunkerr baþre = of you both.—(Orm. i.
214.)
408
And sumdel quemeð it his seri mood
And somewhat it cheereth his sorry
mood.
411
More for erneste dan [ðan] for
gamen,
More for necessity than for
pleasure.
P. 13. l. 417 al swilc sel = all such time.
420
ðan he was of is broðer wold,
When he was by his brother killed.
421, 422
398
And leded (ledeð) samen gunker lif.
And lead (pass) together your (two)
lives.
leded = ledeð, is a verb in the imperative mood; gunker, the A.S. incer
(dual) = your two, of you two. Cf. ȝunkerr baþre = of you both.—(Orm. i.
214.)
408
And sumdel quemeð it his seri mood
And somewhat it cheereth his sorry
mood.
411
More for erneste dan [ðan] for
gamen,
More for necessity than for
pleasure.
P. 13. l. 417 al swilc sel = all such time.
420
ðan he was of is broðer wold,
When he was by his brother killed.
421, 422
Page 239
An hundred ger after is dead,
Adam fro eue in srifte abead.
A hundred years after his death,
Adam from Eve in shrift (penance)
abode.
(i. e. on account of the death of Abel.)
"A hundred winter of his liue
fra þan forbar Adam his wiue,
for soru of Abel þat was slayn."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 8.)
See Legends of the Holy Rood, pp. 20, 21.
431 and wurð ut-lage = and became an outlaw.
432
wið dead him stood hinke and age.
Of death he stood in dread and fear.
hinke = inke, doubt, dread. See note on l. 392.
436
ðeft and reflac ðhugte him no same,
theft and robbery appeared to him
no shame.
Reflac = robbery with violence, rapine. (See Laȝ. i. 172, 272, 424; ii. 526.)
"Þe first sin is o covatise
Þat revis mani man þair praise,
O þis cumes blindnes and tresun,
Adam fro eue in srifte abead.
A hundred years after his death,
Adam from Eve in shrift (penance)
abode.
(i. e. on account of the death of Abel.)
"A hundred winter of his liue
fra þan forbar Adam his wiue,
for soru of Abel þat was slayn."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 8.)
See Legends of the Holy Rood, pp. 20, 21.
431 and wurð ut-lage = and became an outlaw.
432
wið dead him stood hinke and age.
Of death he stood in dread and fear.
hinke = inke, doubt, dread. See note on l. 392.
436
ðeft and reflac ðhugte him no same,
theft and robbery appeared to him
no shame.
Reflac = robbery with violence, rapine. (See Laȝ. i. 172, 272, 424; ii. 526.)
"Þe first sin is o covatise
Þat revis mani man þair praise,
O þis cumes blindnes and tresun,
Page 240
Reuelaic, theft, extorsiun."
—(The Seven Deadly Sins:
Cursor Mundi, Cott.
MS. Vesp. A iii.)
438 stonden agon = withstand, oppose. Cf. O.E. again-stande, to oppose.
439
Met of corn, and wigte of fe,
Measure of corn, and weight of
goods.
The only objection against explaining fe by goods or money is that in the
poem it signifies cattle, the proper term for goods, etc., being agte. In
Laȝamon fe, however, has the meaning of goods, money.
440
And merke of felde, first fond he,
And he first devised division
(boundary) of fields (lands).
444 at ðe sexte kne = at the sixth degree. Kne in this sense is used by Robert
of Gloucester, p. 228:—"He come of Woden þe olde louerd, as in teþe kne"
(i. e. tenth generation). 450 On engleis tale = in English speech.
P. 14. l. 451 kire, modesty, purity. See Laȝ. l. 8077. K. Horn, l. 1446.
456
He was hirde wittere and wal.
He was herdsman wise and
experienced (skilful).
—(The Seven Deadly Sins:
Cursor Mundi, Cott.
MS. Vesp. A iii.)
438 stonden agon = withstand, oppose. Cf. O.E. again-stande, to oppose.
439
Met of corn, and wigte of fe,
Measure of corn, and weight of
goods.
The only objection against explaining fe by goods or money is that in the
poem it signifies cattle, the proper term for goods, etc., being agte. In
Laȝamon fe, however, has the meaning of goods, money.
440
And merke of felde, first fond he,
And he first devised division
(boundary) of fields (lands).
444 at ðe sexte kne = at the sixth degree. Kne in this sense is used by Robert
of Gloucester, p. 228:—"He come of Woden þe olde louerd, as in teþe kne"
(i. e. tenth generation). 450 On engleis tale = in English speech.
P. 14. l. 451 kire, modesty, purity. See Laȝ. l. 8077. K. Horn, l. 1446.
456
He was hirde wittere and wal.
He was herdsman wise and
experienced (skilful).
Page 241
See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. wale.
457-8
Of merke, and kinde, and helde, &
ble,
sundring and sameni[n]g tagte he.
He taught of (concerning) the character, breed, age, colour [of cattle], the
keeping them asunder, and the matching them together. merke refers,
perhaps, to the form, shape, etc., of the cattle, and kinde to their pedigree.
459 glew, music, still exists in glee, gleeman, etc., O.E. gleowinge =
singing. gleu, to amuse by singing.
"Bi a piler was he þar sett
To gleu þaa gomes at þair mete."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 40b.)
Cf. gleo, music.—(Laȝ. i. 298.) gleo-cræften = glee-crafts, arts of music.—
(Ibid. i. 299.) gleo-dreme = glee-sound.—(Ibid. i. 77.) gleowen, gleowien,
to chant, play.—(Ibid. ii. 382, 429.) 466 a sellic smið, a wonderful (rare)
smith. 468 To sundren and mengen = to separate (the ore from the dross)
and to mix (alloy).
469
Wopen of wigte and tol of grið
= weapon of war and tool of peace.
wigte = wig = war. Wigte may signify sharpness; it usually = strong, brave.
470
wel cuðe egte and safgte wið.
457-8
Of merke, and kinde, and helde, &
ble,
sundring and sameni[n]g tagte he.
He taught of (concerning) the character, breed, age, colour [of cattle], the
keeping them asunder, and the matching them together. merke refers,
perhaps, to the form, shape, etc., of the cattle, and kinde to their pedigree.
459 glew, music, still exists in glee, gleeman, etc., O.E. gleowinge =
singing. gleu, to amuse by singing.
"Bi a piler was he þar sett
To gleu þaa gomes at þair mete."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 40b.)
Cf. gleo, music.—(Laȝ. i. 298.) gleo-cræften = glee-crafts, arts of music.—
(Ibid. i. 299.) gleo-dreme = glee-sound.—(Ibid. i. 77.) gleowen, gleowien,
to chant, play.—(Ibid. ii. 382, 429.) 466 a sellic smið, a wonderful (rare)
smith. 468 To sundren and mengen = to separate (the ore from the dross)
and to mix (alloy).
469
Wopen of wigte and tol of grið
= weapon of war and tool of peace.
wigte = wig = war. Wigte may signify sharpness; it usually = strong, brave.
470
wel cuðe egte and safgte wið.
Page 242
This line seems to be very corrupt and to stand in need of some emendation.
I would propose to read as follows:—
wel cuðe he fegte and sagte wið
= well could he fight [i. e. with the wopen of wigte] and heal with [the tol of
grið]. If this interpretation be right tol of grið would refer to some curative
agents. 472 wurð bisne, became blind.
"Þis Lamech was called Lamech þe
blind,
Caym he slogh wit chaunce we
find."—(Cursor Mundi, fol.
10.)
475
Al-so he mistagte, also he schet,
As he mistaught, so he shot.
477 wende = weened, thought. 480-481 Cain unwarned, received it (the
arrow), groaned, and stretched (fell prostrate), and died with that
(immediately). unwarde may be an error for unwarnde = unwarned, or for
unwared = A.S. unwered = unprotected. 484 dedes swog = death's swoon.
Swog = O.E. swowe, swoughe.
"Aswogh (in swoon) he fell adoun
An his hynder arsoun (rise of the
saddle),
As man that was mate."—(Lybeaus
Disconus, 1171.)
The verb to swoon occurs often in English under the form swoghen (p.p.
yswowe),
I would propose to read as follows:—
wel cuðe he fegte and sagte wið
= well could he fight [i. e. with the wopen of wigte] and heal with [the tol of
grið]. If this interpretation be right tol of grið would refer to some curative
agents. 472 wurð bisne, became blind.
"Þis Lamech was called Lamech þe
blind,
Caym he slogh wit chaunce we
find."—(Cursor Mundi, fol.
10.)
475
Al-so he mistagte, also he schet,
As he mistaught, so he shot.
477 wende = weened, thought. 480-481 Cain unwarned, received it (the
arrow), groaned, and stretched (fell prostrate), and died with that
(immediately). unwarde may be an error for unwarnde = unwarned, or for
unwared = A.S. unwered = unprotected. 484 dedes swog = death's swoon.
Swog = O.E. swowe, swoughe.
"Aswogh (in swoon) he fell adoun
An his hynder arsoun (rise of the
saddle),
As man that was mate."—(Lybeaus
Disconus, 1171.)
The verb to swoon occurs often in English under the form swoghen (p.p.
yswowe),
Page 243
"The king swoghened for that
wounde."—(Kyng Alys.,
5857.)
Cf. Laȝ. 130, "he fel iswowen;" i. 192, stille he was iswoȝen (the later copy
reads iswoȝe).
486
Of his soule beð mikel hagt.
On his soul is much sorrow.—(See
l. 2044, p. 59.)
The literal signification seems to be thought, care. (See Agte in l. 3384.)
P. 15. l. 490 or or, etc. = first ere, etc. = first before, etc. fen = mud, dirt.
"Man here is nathyng elles
Bot a foule slyme, wlatsom til men,
And a sekful of stynkand fen."
—(Hampole's P. of C., l. 566.)
See R. of Gloucester, 6; Ps. (in Surtees' Psalter) xvii. 43. 492 drinkilden =
were drowned; drinkil is a derivative of O.E. drinke, to drown, a softer form
of which is drenche, which often signifies in O.E. a drink, potion (R. of Gl.,
p. 151; Ayenbite, p. 151, deaþes drenche), as well as to drink and to drown.
See Laȝ. i. 64.
"& att te lattste drunncnenn þeȝȝ
þa wrecchess, þat hemm trowwenn.
And at the last drown they
The wretches who them trow
(believe)."—(Orm. ii. 181.)
"The see him gon adrynke
wounde."—(Kyng Alys.,
5857.)
Cf. Laȝ. 130, "he fel iswowen;" i. 192, stille he was iswoȝen (the later copy
reads iswoȝe).
486
Of his soule beð mikel hagt.
On his soul is much sorrow.—(See
l. 2044, p. 59.)
The literal signification seems to be thought, care. (See Agte in l. 3384.)
P. 15. l. 490 or or, etc. = first ere, etc. = first before, etc. fen = mud, dirt.
"Man here is nathyng elles
Bot a foule slyme, wlatsom til men,
And a sekful of stynkand fen."
—(Hampole's P. of C., l. 566.)
See R. of Gloucester, 6; Ps. (in Surtees' Psalter) xvii. 43. 492 drinkilden =
were drowned; drinkil is a derivative of O.E. drinke, to drown, a softer form
of which is drenche, which often signifies in O.E. a drink, potion (R. of Gl.,
p. 151; Ayenbite, p. 151, deaþes drenche), as well as to drink and to drown.
See Laȝ. i. 64.
"& att te lattste drunncnenn þeȝȝ
þa wrecchess, þat hemm trowwenn.
And at the last drown they
The wretches who them trow
(believe)."—(Orm. ii. 181.)
"The see him gon adrynke
Page 244
That Rymenil may of-thinke."—
(Kyng Horn, 978.)
494
he began holy custom
Of prayers, and of god-fearing-ness,
for life's help and soul's comfort
(counsel).
500 alied = halihed = holiness; toch = toc = took. 501 fro mannes mene,
from man's fellowship, society. The usual form of mene in O.E. is ymene,
ymone = common, general. 503-510 From Hampole's Pricke of Conscience,
pp. 122-126, we learn that both Enoch and Hely (Elijah) shall come before
doomsday to turn the Jews from following Antichrist to the Christian law:
—"For 1260 days, or three years, shall they continue to preach. Antichrist,
in great wrath, shall put the two prophets to death in Jerusalem, where their
bodies shall lie in the streets for three days and a half, after which they shall
ascend to heaven in a cloud. After their death Antichrist shall only reign
fifteen days, at the end of which time he shall be slain before the Mount of
Olivet." Some "clerks" affirm that he shall be slain by St Michael in
Babylon, "that great hill." (See "Antichrist and the Signs before the Doom,"
in Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur, 1863.) 517 Metodius.
In the "Polychronicon Ranulphi Higdeni," p. 23, ed. by Churchill
Babington, 1865, amongst the "auctores names" we find mention made of
"Methodius etiam martyr et episcopus, cui incarcerato revelavit angelus de
mundi statu principio et fine." 518 sighe sir = sigðhe sir = sheer insight,
clear fore-knowledge.
P. 16. l. 525 quat agte awold = what should happen. 526 water wold,
destroyed by water. wold may = walled, flooded, from wallen. 530 hore-
plage, whore-play, whoredom. Cf. O.Sax. hor-uuilo; O.H.G. huorgilust. In
O.E. hore (not whore) was an epithet applicable to men as well as women.
It occasionally signifies adultery. It is found in combination as a qualifying
term in hore-cop, horesone, a bastard; hore-hous, a brothel. The O.E.
horwed, defiled, unclean; horowe, foul (Chaucer); hori, ouri, dirty;
(Kyng Horn, 978.)
494
he began holy custom
Of prayers, and of god-fearing-ness,
for life's help and soul's comfort
(counsel).
500 alied = halihed = holiness; toch = toc = took. 501 fro mannes mene,
from man's fellowship, society. The usual form of mene in O.E. is ymene,
ymone = common, general. 503-510 From Hampole's Pricke of Conscience,
pp. 122-126, we learn that both Enoch and Hely (Elijah) shall come before
doomsday to turn the Jews from following Antichrist to the Christian law:
—"For 1260 days, or three years, shall they continue to preach. Antichrist,
in great wrath, shall put the two prophets to death in Jerusalem, where their
bodies shall lie in the streets for three days and a half, after which they shall
ascend to heaven in a cloud. After their death Antichrist shall only reign
fifteen days, at the end of which time he shall be slain before the Mount of
Olivet." Some "clerks" affirm that he shall be slain by St Michael in
Babylon, "that great hill." (See "Antichrist and the Signs before the Doom,"
in Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur, 1863.) 517 Metodius.
In the "Polychronicon Ranulphi Higdeni," p. 23, ed. by Churchill
Babington, 1865, amongst the "auctores names" we find mention made of
"Methodius etiam martyr et episcopus, cui incarcerato revelavit angelus de
mundi statu principio et fine." 518 sighe sir = sigðhe sir = sheer insight,
clear fore-knowledge.
P. 16. l. 525 quat agte awold = what should happen. 526 water wold,
destroyed by water. wold may = walled, flooded, from wallen. 530 hore-
plage, whore-play, whoredom. Cf. O.Sax. hor-uuilo; O.H.G. huorgilust. In
O.E. hore (not whore) was an epithet applicable to men as well as women.
It occasionally signifies adultery. It is found in combination as a qualifying
term in hore-cop, horesone, a bastard; hore-hous, a brothel. The O.E.
horwed, defiled, unclean; horowe, foul (Chaucer); hori, ouri, dirty;
Page 245
Provincial E. horry (Devonshire), seem to belong to another family of
words.
532
Wimmen welten weres mester
Women wielded a man's art.—(See
Rom. i. 26.)
See Allit. Poems, p. 46, ll. 269-272.
533
And swilc woded wenten on,
And such madness (folly) went on.
woded = wodhed. Cf. alied = alihed = holiness (l. 500, p. 15). "Þe oþer
ontreuþe þet comþ of prede is wodhede, me halt ane man wod þet is out of
his wytte, in huam skele is miswent."—(Ayenbite, p. 12.)
534
words.
532
Wimmen welten weres mester
Women wielded a man's art.—(See
Rom. i. 26.)
See Allit. Poems, p. 46, ll. 269-272.
533
And swilc woded wenten on,
And such madness (folly) went on.
woded = wodhed. Cf. alied = alihed = holiness (l. 500, p. 15). "Þe oþer
ontreuþe þet comþ of prede is wodhede, me halt ane man wod þet is out of
his wytte, in huam skele is miswent."—(Ayenbite, p. 12.)
534
Page 246
Golhed hunkinde he gunnen don,
Unnatural lust they did commit.
Golnes = lust, lasciviousness, occurs in the Owl and Nightingale, l. 492.
Ancren Riwle, p. 198. Ps. lxvii. 14.
"Non lest (listen) on man do amys
Thorȝ hys oȝene gale (lust)."—
(Shoreham, p. 107.)
hunkinde = unkinde, unlawful, unnatural. 536 quad mester, wicked craft
(practices). See Allit. Poems, p. 46, ll. 265-268. Quad takes several forms
and meanings in O.E.; as qued, wicked (Kyng Alys., 5619; evil, 4237); the
devil (R. of Gl., 314); quead, wickedness (Ayenbite, p. 4); quathe, wothe,
wathe, evil, harm (Hampole's P. of C., 2102, 4558; Allit. Poems, B. 885).
"De quât deit, de schuwet gêrn dat
licht."—(Reynard the Fox.)
537 hun-wreste plage, wicked lust; hun-wreste = unwreste, weak, frail, and
hence wicked.
"Mærling vnwærste [onwreste] man
Whu hæuest þu me þus idon."—
(Laȝ. ii. 228.)
"Þenne þat hæfd (leader) is unwræst
[onwrest]
Þe hæp (host) is þæ wurse."—(Ibid.
vol. ii. 259.)
"Thanne aȝte men here wyves love,
Ase God doth holy cherche;
And wyves nauȝt aȝens men
Non onwrestnesse werche,
Unnatural lust they did commit.
Golnes = lust, lasciviousness, occurs in the Owl and Nightingale, l. 492.
Ancren Riwle, p. 198. Ps. lxvii. 14.
"Non lest (listen) on man do amys
Thorȝ hys oȝene gale (lust)."—
(Shoreham, p. 107.)
hunkinde = unkinde, unlawful, unnatural. 536 quad mester, wicked craft
(practices). See Allit. Poems, p. 46, ll. 265-268. Quad takes several forms
and meanings in O.E.; as qued, wicked (Kyng Alys., 5619; evil, 4237); the
devil (R. of Gl., 314); quead, wickedness (Ayenbite, p. 4); quathe, wothe,
wathe, evil, harm (Hampole's P. of C., 2102, 4558; Allit. Poems, B. 885).
"De quât deit, de schuwet gêrn dat
licht."—(Reynard the Fox.)
537 hun-wreste plage, wicked lust; hun-wreste = unwreste, weak, frail, and
hence wicked.
"Mærling vnwærste [onwreste] man
Whu hæuest þu me þus idon."—
(Laȝ. ii. 228.)
"Þenne þat hæfd (leader) is unwræst
[onwrest]
Þe hæp (host) is þæ wurse."—(Ibid.
vol. ii. 259.)
"Thanne aȝte men here wyves love,
Ase God doth holy cherche;
And wyves nauȝt aȝens men
Non onwrestnesse werche,
Page 247
Ac tholye,
And nauȝt onwrest opsechen hy
Ne tounge of hefede holye."—
(Shoreham, p. 57.)
See Orm. i. 168-9. A.Sax. Chron., 1052. Wright's Lyric Poems, 37. Kyng
Alys., 878. Owl and Night., 178. 538 A ðefis kinde = in thief's kind, in
sodomy. thief in O.E. was a general term of reproach. Perhaps in ðefis we
have an allusion to Cain.
542
And leten godes frigti-hed
And forsook the fear of God.
544
And mengten wið waried kin
And intermixed with accursed kin.
545
Of hem woren ðe getenes boren
Of them were the giants born.
—(See Genesis vi. 4.)
546
Migti men, and figti, for-loren
= Migti men, figti and forloren,
Mighty men, warlike and forlorn
(doomed).
548 litel tale, little account (worth). 553 blissen = lessen = be-lessen (?) or
bi + leschen, to soften. Cf. blinnen and linnen = to cease. See ll. 3653, 3803.
And nauȝt onwrest opsechen hy
Ne tounge of hefede holye."—
(Shoreham, p. 57.)
See Orm. i. 168-9. A.Sax. Chron., 1052. Wright's Lyric Poems, 37. Kyng
Alys., 878. Owl and Night., 178. 538 A ðefis kinde = in thief's kind, in
sodomy. thief in O.E. was a general term of reproach. Perhaps in ðefis we
have an allusion to Cain.
542
And leten godes frigti-hed
And forsook the fear of God.
544
And mengten wið waried kin
And intermixed with accursed kin.
545
Of hem woren ðe getenes boren
Of them were the giants born.
—(See Genesis vi. 4.)
546
Migti men, and figti, for-loren
= Migti men, figti and forloren,
Mighty men, warlike and forlorn
(doomed).
548 litel tale, little account (worth). 553 blissen = lessen = be-lessen (?) or
bi + leschen, to soften. Cf. blinnen and linnen = to cease. See ll. 3653, 3803.
Page 248
554
ðat it ne wexe at more hun-frame
lest it should grow to greater evil.
hun-frame = unframe, loss, disadvantage. 556 deres kin = animals.
P. 17. l. 560 grið, protection, safety.
"he wuneden (dwelt) seoððen
(afterwards) here
inne griðe and inne friðe
(peace)."—(Laȝ. ii. 50.)
"Lauerd, lauerd, ȝef (give) me
grið."—(Ibid. iii. 35.)
Cf. greth, quarter (Sir Cleges, 292). grith-bruch, breach of the peace (Owl
and Nightingale, 1043). grith-sergeant (Havelok, 267). 561 feteles, a vessel,
a fat or vat.
"þe firrste fetless wass
Brerdfull off waterr filledd."—
(Orm. ii. 148.)
"Sex feteles of stan war thar
stan[d]and,
Als than was cumand in the land
And Crist bad thaim thir feteles fille
Wit water, and thai did son his
wille."
—(Met. Hom. p. 120.)
562 set, made, formed. limed, daubed, pitched. 564 sperd, sparred, barred.
See Orm. D. 261; H. i. 142, ii. 68; Havelok, 448. spere or sparre signifies
ðat it ne wexe at more hun-frame
lest it should grow to greater evil.
hun-frame = unframe, loss, disadvantage. 556 deres kin = animals.
P. 17. l. 560 grið, protection, safety.
"he wuneden (dwelt) seoððen
(afterwards) here
inne griðe and inne friðe
(peace)."—(Laȝ. ii. 50.)
"Lauerd, lauerd, ȝef (give) me
grið."—(Ibid. iii. 35.)
Cf. greth, quarter (Sir Cleges, 292). grith-bruch, breach of the peace (Owl
and Nightingale, 1043). grith-sergeant (Havelok, 267). 561 feteles, a vessel,
a fat or vat.
"þe firrste fetless wass
Brerdfull off waterr filledd."—
(Orm. ii. 148.)
"Sex feteles of stan war thar
stan[d]and,
Als than was cumand in the land
And Crist bad thaim thir feteles fille
Wit water, and thai did son his
wille."
—(Met. Hom. p. 120.)
562 set, made, formed. limed, daubed, pitched. 564 sperd, sparred, barred.
See Orm. D. 261; H. i. 142, ii. 68; Havelok, 448. spere or sparre signifies
Page 249
also to lock, shut up. Chaucer, Troilus and Creseide, v. 455; Bone Florence,
1774. ðig = ðic, thick.
566
ðor buten noe(.) long swing he
dreg.
Thereabout Noah endured long toil.
swing = swinc, toil, labour. 568 welken, pass away, literally to fade, wither;
and usually applied to plants and flowers.
"It wites als gresse areli at dai,
Areli blomes and fares awai;
At euen doun es it brogt,
Un-lastes, and welkes, and gas to
noght."—(Ps. lxxxix. 6.)
See Hampole's P. of C. l. 707. 576 arche-wold. See note to l. 255. 582 gette
or get, poured down. gette is the preterite of geten or gete. See l. 585. Cf.
O.E. yhete (ȝete); pret. yhet; p.p. yhoten (iȝote).
"Yhet over þam þi wreth."—(Ps.
lxviii. 25.)
See Ps. xli. 5, lxxiii. 21. Percy's Reliq. vol. ii. 81. Cf. "a metal geoter," a
metal caster, Kyng Alys. 6725. out-yhetted, poured out, Hampole's P. of C.
7119. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Gote. 592 moned = moneð = month.
P. 18. l. 598 dragen by metrical license for wið-dragen, withdrawn. ðe
watres win = the water's force (strife). Winne in O.E. has the signification of
to fight, contend with, strive, and hence to get. Cf. O.E. wunne, victory;
wan, contrivance, remedy. See l. 347.
"Alle we atter dragen off ure eldere,
1774. ðig = ðic, thick.
566
ðor buten noe(.) long swing he
dreg.
Thereabout Noah endured long toil.
swing = swinc, toil, labour. 568 welken, pass away, literally to fade, wither;
and usually applied to plants and flowers.
"It wites als gresse areli at dai,
Areli blomes and fares awai;
At euen doun es it brogt,
Un-lastes, and welkes, and gas to
noght."—(Ps. lxxxix. 6.)
See Hampole's P. of C. l. 707. 576 arche-wold. See note to l. 255. 582 gette
or get, poured down. gette is the preterite of geten or gete. See l. 585. Cf.
O.E. yhete (ȝete); pret. yhet; p.p. yhoten (iȝote).
"Yhet over þam þi wreth."—(Ps.
lxviii. 25.)
See Ps. xli. 5, lxxiii. 21. Percy's Reliq. vol. ii. 81. Cf. "a metal geoter," a
metal caster, Kyng Alys. 6725. out-yhetted, poured out, Hampole's P. of C.
7119. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Gote. 592 moned = moneð = month.
P. 18. l. 598 dragen by metrical license for wið-dragen, withdrawn. ðe
watres win = the water's force (strife). Winne in O.E. has the signification of
to fight, contend with, strive, and hence to get. Cf. O.E. wunne, victory;
wan, contrivance, remedy. See l. 347.
"Alle we atter dragen off ure eldere,
Page 250
ðe broken drigtinnes word ðurg ðe
neddre;
ðer-ðurg haueð mankin
boðen nið and win."—(O.E.
Miscell. p. 11.)
607 est = east. Probably only an error for eft = again. 614 arche-wolde. See
note to l. 255. 617 Rad = hasty, rash. Literally it signifies ready, and
frequently occurs in O.E. writers with this meaning. Cf. O.E. gerâd,
rædlîce, rædliche, radely, radly, promptly, quickly, suddenly. See l. 2481,
and Owl and Nightingale, ll. 423, 1041, 1279; Laȝ. 25603; St Marh. p. 10;
Avow. Arth. xix. 6.
P. 19. l. 630 tudered (see note to l. 164).
631-637
Often he prayed with timid prayer,
That such vengeance as God then
did
Should no more on the world come,
What vengeance so ever there
should be taken.
God granted it in token of love,
Showed him in the welkin above
A rainbow, they call it, red and
blue.
so after swiulc is a true relative, as in the oldest period.
635 gat = granted. It is the preterite of a verb gate, to grant.
"Fourti dais he sal [tham] yate
Þat fallen ar ute o þair state
Þoru foluing o þat fals prophet,
neddre;
ðer-ðurg haueð mankin
boðen nið and win."—(O.E.
Miscell. p. 11.)
607 est = east. Probably only an error for eft = again. 614 arche-wolde. See
note to l. 255. 617 Rad = hasty, rash. Literally it signifies ready, and
frequently occurs in O.E. writers with this meaning. Cf. O.E. gerâd,
rædlîce, rædliche, radely, radly, promptly, quickly, suddenly. See l. 2481,
and Owl and Nightingale, ll. 423, 1041, 1279; Laȝ. 25603; St Marh. p. 10;
Avow. Arth. xix. 6.
P. 19. l. 630 tudered (see note to l. 164).
631-637
Often he prayed with timid prayer,
That such vengeance as God then
did
Should no more on the world come,
What vengeance so ever there
should be taken.
God granted it in token of love,
Showed him in the welkin above
A rainbow, they call it, red and
blue.
so after swiulc is a true relative, as in the oldest period.
635 gat = granted. It is the preterite of a verb gate, to grant.
"Fourti dais he sal [tham] yate
Þat fallen ar ute o þair state
Þoru foluing o þat fals prophet,
Page 251
Þat þai mai þam wit penance bete."
—(Antichrist, in Jahrbuch für
Romanische und
Englische Literatur,
1863, p. 204, l. 428.)
gate or yate, pret. yatte, is the Northern form of the word, the corresponding
southern term is ȝete, pret. ȝette.
"& ȝho ne wass nohht tær onnȝæn,
Acc ȝatte hemm hĕre wille
& ȝatte þatt ȝho wollde ben
Rihht laȝhelike fesstnedd
Wiþþ macche, swa summ i þat ald
Wass laȝhe to ben fesstnedd."—
(Orm. i. 80.)
"& þe king him ȝette
swa Hengist hit wolde."—(Laȝ. ii.
172.)
"& þe king him ȝette
al þat he ȝirnde."—(Laȝ. i. 189.)
See Seinte Marherete, p. 18. Allit. Poems, p. 17, l. 557. a = an = in. 637
men cleped = one calleth it; cleped = clepet = clepe + et; et = it. We have a
similar construction in l. 1082:
"for al ðat nigt he sogten ðor
ðe dure, and fundend neuere mor."
fundend = funden + ed = founden + et = found it. The author of the poem
constantly joins the pronoun et = it to the preterite of weak verbs. See line
479, where letet = let it. 590 stodet = stod it = it stood. 1654 kiddit = kidd it
= showed it. As the plurals of the present indicative do not end in -eþ or -et
—(Antichrist, in Jahrbuch für
Romanische und
Englische Literatur,
1863, p. 204, l. 428.)
gate or yate, pret. yatte, is the Northern form of the word, the corresponding
southern term is ȝete, pret. ȝette.
"& ȝho ne wass nohht tær onnȝæn,
Acc ȝatte hemm hĕre wille
& ȝatte þatt ȝho wollde ben
Rihht laȝhelike fesstnedd
Wiþþ macche, swa summ i þat ald
Wass laȝhe to ben fesstnedd."—
(Orm. i. 80.)
"& þe king him ȝette
swa Hengist hit wolde."—(Laȝ. ii.
172.)
"& þe king him ȝette
al þat he ȝirnde."—(Laȝ. i. 189.)
See Seinte Marherete, p. 18. Allit. Poems, p. 17, l. 557. a = an = in. 637
men cleped = one calleth it; cleped = clepet = clepe + et; et = it. We have a
similar construction in l. 1082:
"for al ðat nigt he sogten ðor
ðe dure, and fundend neuere mor."
fundend = funden + ed = founden + et = found it. The author of the poem
constantly joins the pronoun et = it to the preterite of weak verbs. See line
479, where letet = let it. 590 stodet = stod it = it stood. 1654 kiddit = kidd it
= showed it. As the plurals of the present indicative do not end in -eþ or -et
Page 252
in the poem, but in -en (-n), cleped may be an error for clepeð or clepeth =
calls, and men = O.E. me = one. See line 750.
643-644
And as high the flame shall go,
As the flood flowed on the downs
(hill).
lowe, a northern term (of Norse origin) for flame, the southern form (of
A.Sax. origin) is leie. Religious Songs in Old Eng. Miscell., pp. 67, 182.
"Of his neose-þurles
cumeð þe rede leie."
See also Legend of St Brandan, 512.
"Þair throtes sal ay be filled omang
Of alle thyng þat es bitter and
strang,
Of lowe and reke with stormes
melled,
Of pyk and brunstane togyder
welled."
—(Hampole's P. of. C., l.
9431.)
653 vten = wið-vten, without, besides. See l. 656. Cf. l. 596, with l. 598. 655
bi tale, in number.
P. 20. l. 676 gan ille wune, began wicked practices. 678 muni[gin]g =
remembrance. 692 fendes fleiðing, fiends' strife. Probably fleiðing = flitting,
contention, strife. The phrase fendes fleathe = ? fendes fleiðing, occurs in
Shoreham's poems, p. 97.
calls, and men = O.E. me = one. See line 750.
643-644
And as high the flame shall go,
As the flood flowed on the downs
(hill).
lowe, a northern term (of Norse origin) for flame, the southern form (of
A.Sax. origin) is leie. Religious Songs in Old Eng. Miscell., pp. 67, 182.
"Of his neose-þurles
cumeð þe rede leie."
See also Legend of St Brandan, 512.
"Þair throtes sal ay be filled omang
Of alle thyng þat es bitter and
strang,
Of lowe and reke with stormes
melled,
Of pyk and brunstane togyder
welled."
—(Hampole's P. of. C., l.
9431.)
653 vten = wið-vten, without, besides. See l. 656. Cf. l. 596, with l. 598. 655
bi tale, in number.
P. 20. l. 676 gan ille wune, began wicked practices. 678 muni[gin]g =
remembrance. 692 fendes fleiðing, fiends' strife. Probably fleiðing = flitting,
contention, strife. The phrase fendes fleathe = ? fendes fleiðing, occurs in
Shoreham's poems, p. 97.
Page 253
"ȝyf thou rewardest thyne eldrynges
nauȝt
A-lyve and eke a-dethe,
That were wel besy to brynge the
forthe,
........
ȝyf thou hy gnaȝst and flagȝst eke,
Ryȝt hys that fendes fleathe."
P. 21. l. 713 hicte = higte, was called, named. 724 wol wel = wel wel = very
well, extremely well. Cf. the O.E. expressions wel ald, wel lang, etc., very
old, very long, etc.; wol wel corresponds exactly to the O.H.G. and M.H.G.
vil wol; Mod. Ger. sehr wohl. See Erec. (ed. Haupt. 1839), 2017.
725
Thare let hur, and ðeðen he nam,
Terah left Ur, and thence he went.
let (pret. of lete) = left; nam, literally took, and hence took the way,
departed, went. See ll. 744, 745. 727 burgt, an error for burg.
P. 22. l. 743 for, went. See l. 763.
748
Of weledes fulsum and of blis Rich
of (in) wealth and of (in)
bliss.
weledes is an error for welðes; it may = werldes = world's; fulsum = rich,
plenteous, bountiful, occurs in O.E. fulsumhed (see l. 1548), fulsumly.
749 ist = is it, is there.
nauȝt
A-lyve and eke a-dethe,
That were wel besy to brynge the
forthe,
........
ȝyf thou hy gnaȝst and flagȝst eke,
Ryȝt hys that fendes fleathe."
P. 21. l. 713 hicte = higte, was called, named. 724 wol wel = wel wel = very
well, extremely well. Cf. the O.E. expressions wel ald, wel lang, etc., very
old, very long, etc.; wol wel corresponds exactly to the O.H.G. and M.H.G.
vil wol; Mod. Ger. sehr wohl. See Erec. (ed. Haupt. 1839), 2017.
725
Thare let hur, and ðeðen he nam,
Terah left Ur, and thence he went.
let (pret. of lete) = left; nam, literally took, and hence took the way,
departed, went. See ll. 744, 745. 727 burgt, an error for burg.
P. 22. l. 743 for, went. See l. 763.
748
Of weledes fulsum and of blis Rich
of (in) wealth and of (in)
bliss.
weledes is an error for welðes; it may = werldes = world's; fulsum = rich,
plenteous, bountiful, occurs in O.E. fulsumhed (see l. 1548), fulsumly.
749 ist = is it, is there.
Page 254
751
Each thing dieth that therein is cast.
753 ðus it is went = thus is it turned or changed. 754 brimfir, if not an error
for brin-fire (burning fire; see l. 1164), signifies wild-fire, i.e. brimstone.
Cf. A.Sax. cwic-fyr = fire of brimstone. 763 hunger bond. We ought,
perhaps, to read hunger-bond, corresponding to the German hungersnoth,
famine, dearth. Cf. luue-bond, l. 2692, force of love. 764 feger = feyer, far.
767 to leten = to lose.
P. 23. l. 787 erdne = ernde, errand, prayer, petition, message.
"Ih scal iu sagen imbot,
gibot ther himilisgo Got,
Ouh nist ther er gihorti
so fronsig arunti."—(Otfried's
Evangelienbuch.)
to god erdne beren = to intercede with God. Ernde occurs in Lyric Poetry, p.
62, in the sense of to intercede. 792 arsmetike = arsmet[r]ike = arithmetic.
793
He was hem lef, he woren him hold,
He was dear to them, they were true
to him.
795 sat = schat, treasure, still existing in scot, shot. 796 vn-achteled,
unestimated, immense; from achtel, to estimate, reckon. See Stratmann, s.v.
ahtlien.
801
Each thing dieth that therein is cast.
753 ðus it is went = thus is it turned or changed. 754 brimfir, if not an error
for brin-fire (burning fire; see l. 1164), signifies wild-fire, i.e. brimstone.
Cf. A.Sax. cwic-fyr = fire of brimstone. 763 hunger bond. We ought,
perhaps, to read hunger-bond, corresponding to the German hungersnoth,
famine, dearth. Cf. luue-bond, l. 2692, force of love. 764 feger = feyer, far.
767 to leten = to lose.
P. 23. l. 787 erdne = ernde, errand, prayer, petition, message.
"Ih scal iu sagen imbot,
gibot ther himilisgo Got,
Ouh nist ther er gihorti
so fronsig arunti."—(Otfried's
Evangelienbuch.)
to god erdne beren = to intercede with God. Ernde occurs in Lyric Poetry, p.
62, in the sense of to intercede. 792 arsmetike = arsmet[r]ike = arithmetic.
793
He was hem lef, he woren him hold,
He was dear to them, they were true
to him.
795 sat = schat, treasure, still existing in scot, shot. 796 vn-achteled,
unestimated, immense; from achtel, to estimate, reckon. See Stratmann, s.v.
ahtlien.
801
Page 255
ðor he quilum her wisten wunen,
Where they formerly wished to
dwell.
P. 24. l. 813 atteð = hatteð, is called.
827
ðer het god abre ðat tagte lond, etc.
There God promised Abraham that
promised land, etc.
tagte = bitagte, literally, assigned, appointed. 832 giscinge of louerd-hed =
desire of lordship, greed of dominion. Giscinge = covetousness; the correct
form is gitsing (ȝitsung, ȝittsung), but ȝissinge is found in Laȝ. ii. 227. Cp.
yssing, O.E. Miscell. p. 38. icinge, Ayenbite, p. 16, and see Orm. i. 157.
"Al his motinge (talk)
was ful of ȝitsinge."—(Laȝ. i. 280.)
833
Neg ilc burge hadde ise louereding,
Nigh each borough (city) had its
lord.
834 kumeling is literally a stranger, foreigner, but here signifies a king or
ruler not of native blood, one of foreign extraction. See Comeling in
Prompt. Parv. p. 89.
"For I am a commelyng toward þe
And pilgrym, als alle my faders
was."
—(Hampole's P. of C., 1385.)
Where they formerly wished to
dwell.
P. 24. l. 813 atteð = hatteð, is called.
827
ðer het god abre ðat tagte lond, etc.
There God promised Abraham that
promised land, etc.
tagte = bitagte, literally, assigned, appointed. 832 giscinge of louerd-hed =
desire of lordship, greed of dominion. Giscinge = covetousness; the correct
form is gitsing (ȝitsung, ȝittsung), but ȝissinge is found in Laȝ. ii. 227. Cp.
yssing, O.E. Miscell. p. 38. icinge, Ayenbite, p. 16, and see Orm. i. 157.
"Al his motinge (talk)
was ful of ȝitsinge."—(Laȝ. i. 280.)
833
Neg ilc burge hadde ise louereding,
Nigh each borough (city) had its
lord.
834 kumeling is literally a stranger, foreigner, but here signifies a king or
ruler not of native blood, one of foreign extraction. See Comeling in
Prompt. Parv. p. 89.
"For I am a commelyng toward þe
And pilgrym, als alle my faders
was."
—(Hampole's P. of C., 1385.)
Page 256
"Wande ein chomelinch ih bin mit dir unde ellente also alle uatere mine."—
(Wendb. Ps. xxxviii. 22.)
P. 25. l. 842 ferding stor, a great army. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 189.
844 gouel, tribute, tax. Later writers use the word gauel or gouel in the
sense of usury. See Ayenbite, p. 35; O.E. Miscell. p. 46. Cf. gaueler, usurer.
Ayenbite, p. 35; Ps. cviii. 11. 847 haued = haueð, hath. 848 here-gonge,
invasion.
"For ich am witi ful iwis,
And wot (knoweth) al that to cumen
is:
Ich wot of hunger [and] of
hergonge."
—(Owl and Nightingale, l.
1189.)
851 fowre on-seken and fifue weren = four attack and five defend. on-seken
= attack.
"heo wenden to beon sikere. They
weened to be secure
þeo Belin heom on-sohte." when
Belin attacked them.
—(Laȝ. i. 241.)
864 witter of figt = skilled in fighting. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. wyter,
and Laȝ. i. 260, 409; ii. 247.
866
Abram let him tunde wel,
Abram caused himself to be well
surrounded (well guarded).
(Wendb. Ps. xxxviii. 22.)
P. 25. l. 842 ferding stor, a great army. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 189.
844 gouel, tribute, tax. Later writers use the word gauel or gouel in the
sense of usury. See Ayenbite, p. 35; O.E. Miscell. p. 46. Cf. gaueler, usurer.
Ayenbite, p. 35; Ps. cviii. 11. 847 haued = haueð, hath. 848 here-gonge,
invasion.
"For ich am witi ful iwis,
And wot (knoweth) al that to cumen
is:
Ich wot of hunger [and] of
hergonge."
—(Owl and Nightingale, l.
1189.)
851 fowre on-seken and fifue weren = four attack and five defend. on-seken
= attack.
"heo wenden to beon sikere. They
weened to be secure
þeo Belin heom on-sohte." when
Belin attacked them.
—(Laȝ. i. 241.)
864 witter of figt = skilled in fighting. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. wyter,
and Laȝ. i. 260, 409; ii. 247.
866
Abram let him tunde wel,
Abram caused himself to be well
surrounded (well guarded).
Page 257
869 wenden, thought.
875
wið-ðuten [= wiðð-uten] ðo ðe
cuden flen
= except those who could flee.
P. 26. l. 882 bat = bad = bead = literally offered, and hence restored. bat =
bette occurs in Legends of Holy Rood for amended, restored, p. 210, l. 6.
886 Borwen, delivered, rescued, the p.p. of bergen (O.E. berȝe, berwen).
"Þis boc is ymad vor lewede men
vor vader and vor moder and vor
oþer ken
Ham vor to berȝe vram alle
manyere zen
þet in hare inwytte ne bleve no voul
wen."
—(Ayenbite, p. 211.)
"And huo þat agelt ine enie of þe ilke hestes him ssel þer-of vor-þench, and
him ssrive, and bidde God merci yef he wyle by yborȝe."—(Ibid. p. 1.) Orm
uses berrȝhenn, to save, preserve, from which he forms the derivative
berrhless, salvation. 888 feres wale, brave companions (allies). Wale
signifies select, choice, worthy, and hence brave. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems,
s.v. Wale.
893
He froðer[ed]e him after is swinc.
He comforted him after his toil.
Herbert Coleridge (Gloss. Index, p. 33) connects froðere with the A.Sax.
frofrian, to comfort. Of course there is nothing to be said against the
875
wið-ðuten [= wiðð-uten] ðo ðe
cuden flen
= except those who could flee.
P. 26. l. 882 bat = bad = bead = literally offered, and hence restored. bat =
bette occurs in Legends of Holy Rood for amended, restored, p. 210, l. 6.
886 Borwen, delivered, rescued, the p.p. of bergen (O.E. berȝe, berwen).
"Þis boc is ymad vor lewede men
vor vader and vor moder and vor
oþer ken
Ham vor to berȝe vram alle
manyere zen
þet in hare inwytte ne bleve no voul
wen."
—(Ayenbite, p. 211.)
"And huo þat agelt ine enie of þe ilke hestes him ssel þer-of vor-þench, and
him ssrive, and bidde God merci yef he wyle by yborȝe."—(Ibid. p. 1.) Orm
uses berrȝhenn, to save, preserve, from which he forms the derivative
berrhless, salvation. 888 feres wale, brave companions (allies). Wale
signifies select, choice, worthy, and hence brave. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems,
s.v. Wale.
893
He froðer[ed]e him after is swinc.
He comforted him after his toil.
Herbert Coleridge (Gloss. Index, p. 33) connects froðere with the A.Sax.
frofrian, to comfort. Of course there is nothing to be said against the
Page 258
interchange of f and th (cf. afurst, thirsty; afyngred, hungry, etc.); but the
A.S. freoðian, to protect, render secure, is nearer in form, and there is the
O.E. vreþie (Ayenbite) to prove that this verb had not gone out of use. 895
ðe tigðe del = the tenth part. tigðe = tithe = tenth. 898 bargt = barg (the
pret. of bergen) preserved. 910 wið-uten man = except the men. The rhyme
seems to require us to read nam; the meaning would then be "without
exception or reserve."
911
Alle hes hadde wið migte bi-geten.
He had them all with might
begotten (obtained).
hes = he + es = he + them. The combination hes occurs again in l. 943. es or
is = them, as in l. 949. See Note to l. 135, and Preface to O.E. Miscell. p.
xv, and O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. xii.
P. 27. l. 913 meðelike wel, with great moderation, very meetly. Cf.
unmeaðeliche in Seinte Marherete, p. 10. meðeliche in O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p.
7. meðleas, Ancren Riwle, p. 96. 918 algen = halgen = hallow. 920 bi-told
(rescued) should be the pret. of a vb. bitellen, but no such word occurs in
the poem. See O.E. Hom. 1st S. p. 205. Owl and Night. l. 263. Laȝamon
uses bi-tellen, to win.
"Ac wih him we scullen ure
freoscipe (freedom)
mid fehte bitellen."—(Vol. i. p.
328.)
"Bi-ðencheð eow ohte (bold) cnihtes
to bi-tellen eoweore rihtes."—(i.
337.)
The editor explains bitellen by to win, but regain would suit the context.
A.S. freoðian, to protect, render secure, is nearer in form, and there is the
O.E. vreþie (Ayenbite) to prove that this verb had not gone out of use. 895
ðe tigðe del = the tenth part. tigðe = tithe = tenth. 898 bargt = barg (the
pret. of bergen) preserved. 910 wið-uten man = except the men. The rhyme
seems to require us to read nam; the meaning would then be "without
exception or reserve."
911
Alle hes hadde wið migte bi-geten.
He had them all with might
begotten (obtained).
hes = he + es = he + them. The combination hes occurs again in l. 943. es or
is = them, as in l. 949. See Note to l. 135, and Preface to O.E. Miscell. p.
xv, and O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. xii.
P. 27. l. 913 meðelike wel, with great moderation, very meetly. Cf.
unmeaðeliche in Seinte Marherete, p. 10. meðeliche in O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p.
7. meðleas, Ancren Riwle, p. 96. 918 algen = halgen = hallow. 920 bi-told
(rescued) should be the pret. of a vb. bitellen, but no such word occurs in
the poem. See O.E. Hom. 1st S. p. 205. Owl and Night. l. 263. Laȝamon
uses bi-tellen, to win.
"Ac wih him we scullen ure
freoscipe (freedom)
mid fehte bitellen."—(Vol. i. p.
328.)
"Bi-ðencheð eow ohte (bold) cnihtes
to bi-tellen eoweore rihtes."—(i.
337.)
The editor explains bitellen by to win, but regain would suit the context.
Page 259
"Nu þu hauest Brutlond,
Al bi-tald to þire hond."—(Vol. ii.
p. 335.)
"Nu ich mi lond habben bi-tald."—
(Vol. iii. p. 258.)
924
Quo-so his alt him bi-agt
= Whoso them (goods) holdeth, him
it behoveth (yield as tithes).
His = is = es, them. 927 gulden wel, requited well.
934
Of ðe-self sal ðin erward ten,
Of thyself shall thine heir come.
erward = eruweard, heir. 939 nam god kep = took good heed to, attended
carefully to. kep = care. See R. of Gl. 177, 191. Owl and Night. l. 1226.
Hampole's P. of C. ll. 381, 597. 941 Euerilc, each, every one. euerilc is the
same as the O.E. euerich, Mod. Eng. every.
943
Vndelt hes leide quor-so hes tok,
Undivided he laid them where-so he
took (brought) them.
This line refers to the "duue and a turtul," in the following line. See Genesis
xv. 10. 945 on-rum the same as a-rum, apart, aside.
"Tho Alisaundre sygh this,
Al bi-tald to þire hond."—(Vol. ii.
p. 335.)
"Nu ich mi lond habben bi-tald."—
(Vol. iii. p. 258.)
924
Quo-so his alt him bi-agt
= Whoso them (goods) holdeth, him
it behoveth (yield as tithes).
His = is = es, them. 927 gulden wel, requited well.
934
Of ðe-self sal ðin erward ten,
Of thyself shall thine heir come.
erward = eruweard, heir. 939 nam god kep = took good heed to, attended
carefully to. kep = care. See R. of Gl. 177, 191. Owl and Night. l. 1226.
Hampole's P. of C. ll. 381, 597. 941 Euerilc, each, every one. euerilc is the
same as the O.E. euerich, Mod. Eng. every.
943
Vndelt hes leide quor-so hes tok,
Undivided he laid them where-so he
took (brought) them.
This line refers to the "duue and a turtul," in the following line. See Genesis
xv. 10. 945 on-rum the same as a-rum, apart, aside.
"Tho Alisaundre sygh this,
Page 260
Aroum anon he drow, ywis,
And suththe he renneth to his muthe
(army)."
—(Kyng Alys., 1637.)
946
And of ðo doles kep he nam.
And of the pieces care he took.
P. 28. l. 949 kagte is wei, drove them away. kagte is the pret. of kache, to
drive.
"And he ansuered als he war medde,
And said, Allas and wailewaye.
That ever I com at yon abbaye,
For in na chaffar may I winne
Of tha lurdanes that won tharinne
For likes nan of thaim my play,
Bot alle thar kache me away."—
(Met. Hom. p. 151.)
953-954 God said to him in true dream, the future condition of his seed.
beren-tem = barn-teem, offspring, descendants.
"We are alle a (one) man barn-
teme."—(Cursor Mundi, fol.
27b.)
956
And uten erdes sorge sen.
And in foreign lands sorrow see
(experience).
And suththe he renneth to his muthe
(army)."
—(Kyng Alys., 1637.)
946
And of ðo doles kep he nam.
And of the pieces care he took.
P. 28. l. 949 kagte is wei, drove them away. kagte is the pret. of kache, to
drive.
"And he ansuered als he war medde,
And said, Allas and wailewaye.
That ever I com at yon abbaye,
For in na chaffar may I winne
Of tha lurdanes that won tharinne
For likes nan of thaim my play,
Bot alle thar kache me away."—
(Met. Hom. p. 151.)
953-954 God said to him in true dream, the future condition of his seed.
beren-tem = barn-teem, offspring, descendants.
"We are alle a (one) man barn-
teme."—(Cursor Mundi, fol.
27b.)
956
And uten erdes sorge sen.
And in foreign lands sorrow see
(experience).
Page 261
Cp.
"Outen sones to me lighed þai,
Outen sones elded er þai."—(Ps.
xvii. 46.)
"Filii alieni mentiti sunt mihi, filii
alieni inveteraverunt."
Cf. uten stede, l. 1741. O.E. utenlande, a foreigner. Havelok, l. 2153. 958
Hor = or, before. 960 ðat hotene lond, that promised land. 964 untuderi,
barren. The usual O.E. term is unberand, unbearing. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S.
p. 177. 965 abre = to Abram. 969-971 And Sarai would not suffer it, that
Hagar were thus swollen (with pride). She held her hard in thrall's wise
(treated her as a slave). 974 one and sori, solitary and sad. 975 wil and weri,
lonely and weary. Wil literally signifies astray, wild, from the verb wille, to
go astray. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Wyl.
"He is hirde, we ben sep;
Silden he us wille,
If we heren to his word
ðat we ne gon nowor wille."—(O.E.
Miscell. p. 2.)
"And child Jesus willed them fra."—
(Met. Hom. p. 108.)
977
wiste hire drogen sori for ðrist.
Knew her to be suffering sorely for
thirst.
drogen may be an error for drogende = suffering. sori as an adjective is not
sorrowful, as most editors interpret the word, but heavy, painful, and hence
anxious, etc. See l. 974.
"Outen sones to me lighed þai,
Outen sones elded er þai."—(Ps.
xvii. 46.)
"Filii alieni mentiti sunt mihi, filii
alieni inveteraverunt."
Cf. uten stede, l. 1741. O.E. utenlande, a foreigner. Havelok, l. 2153. 958
Hor = or, before. 960 ðat hotene lond, that promised land. 964 untuderi,
barren. The usual O.E. term is unberand, unbearing. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S.
p. 177. 965 abre = to Abram. 969-971 And Sarai would not suffer it, that
Hagar were thus swollen (with pride). She held her hard in thrall's wise
(treated her as a slave). 974 one and sori, solitary and sad. 975 wil and weri,
lonely and weary. Wil literally signifies astray, wild, from the verb wille, to
go astray. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Wyl.
"He is hirde, we ben sep;
Silden he us wille,
If we heren to his word
ðat we ne gon nowor wille."—(O.E.
Miscell. p. 2.)
"And child Jesus willed them fra."—
(Met. Hom. p. 108.)
977
wiste hire drogen sori for ðrist.
Knew her to be suffering sorely for
thirst.
drogen may be an error for drogende = suffering. sori as an adjective is not
sorrowful, as most editors interpret the word, but heavy, painful, and hence
anxious, etc. See l. 974.
Page 262
"Quen thai him (Jesus) missed, thai
him soht
Imang thair kith and fand him noht,
And forthi Joseph and Mari
War for him sorful and sari."—
(Met. Hom. 108.)
978 quemede hire list, satisfied her desire.
P. 29. l. 984 folc frigti, formidable folk, frigti does not here signify, as in
other parts of the poem, afraid, but to be feared. 991 in sunder run, secret
speech or secret communing, private conversation. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p.
29. 1010 ðe ton = the one. ton = that one the first; toðer = that other, the
second.
P. 30. l. 1019 quamede = quemede, pleased.
1021-1024
Quoth this one, "this time next year,
Shall I appear to thee here;
By that time shall bliss befall Sarah,
That she shall of a son conceive."
1026
And it hire ðogte a selli ðhing,
And it appeared to her a marvellous
thing.
1028 on wane, wanting one, i.e. one less. "In þis burh was wuniende a
meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, two wone of twenti."—(St. Kath. 69.)
1032
him soht
Imang thair kith and fand him noht,
And forthi Joseph and Mari
War for him sorful and sari."—
(Met. Hom. 108.)
978 quemede hire list, satisfied her desire.
P. 29. l. 984 folc frigti, formidable folk, frigti does not here signify, as in
other parts of the poem, afraid, but to be feared. 991 in sunder run, secret
speech or secret communing, private conversation. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p.
29. 1010 ðe ton = the one. ton = that one the first; toðer = that other, the
second.
P. 30. l. 1019 quamede = quemede, pleased.
1021-1024
Quoth this one, "this time next year,
Shall I appear to thee here;
By that time shall bliss befall Sarah,
That she shall of a son conceive."
1026
And it hire ðogte a selli ðhing,
And it appeared to her a marvellous
thing.
1028 on wane, wanting one, i.e. one less. "In þis burh was wuniende a
meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, two wone of twenti."—(St. Kath. 69.)
1032
Page 263
And it wurð soð binnen swilc sel,
And it became so (came to pass)
within such time.
1035 stelen = go away stealthily or secretly.
1036
Ne min dede abraham helen, Nor
my deed from Abraham
hide.
1037 sinne dwale = complaint of sin (see l. 1220); dwale may be taken as
an adj. = grievous, mischievous. 1038 miries dale, an error for mirie dale =
pleasant dale. See l. 1121.
1039-40
ðo adde abram-is herte sor,
for loth his newe wunede ðor,
Then had Abraham's heart grief,
For Lot, his nephew, dwelt there.
1041-4 "Lord," quoth he, "how shalt thou do (this), if thou shalt take
vengeance thereon; shalt thou not the righteous protect (spare), or for them
(for their sake) to the others mercy bear (show)?" með beren = to bear
mercy, to show mercy to. See ll. 1046, 1242.
1046
Ic sal meðen ðe stede for ðo,
I shall have mercy upon the place
for those (for their sake).
And it became so (came to pass)
within such time.
1035 stelen = go away stealthily or secretly.
1036
Ne min dede abraham helen, Nor
my deed from Abraham
hide.
1037 sinne dwale = complaint of sin (see l. 1220); dwale may be taken as
an adj. = grievous, mischievous. 1038 miries dale, an error for mirie dale =
pleasant dale. See l. 1121.
1039-40
ðo adde abram-is herte sor,
for loth his newe wunede ðor,
Then had Abraham's heart grief,
For Lot, his nephew, dwelt there.
1041-4 "Lord," quoth he, "how shalt thou do (this), if thou shalt take
vengeance thereon; shalt thou not the righteous protect (spare), or for them
(for their sake) to the others mercy bear (show)?" með beren = to bear
mercy, to show mercy to. See ll. 1046, 1242.
1046
Ic sal meðen ðe stede for ðo,
I shall have mercy upon the place
for those (for their sake).
Page 264
Meðen signifies to use gently, act with moderation towards any one, to
compassionate, to show mercy to. (See Allit. Poems, p. 45, l. 247; p. 51, l.
436; p. 54, l. 565; O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 153.) 1049 at-wot, departed. There
is no such verb as æt-wítan, to depart, in Bosworth's A.Sax. Dict. The only
meaning given to atwiten by Stratmann is to reproach, twit. At-wot may be a
blunder for at-wond, departed. See l. 3058. Laȝ. l. 87. We have the O.E. at-
flegen, at-gon, at-scape, etc. The simple verb wite is not uncommon in
Early English authors.
"The first dai sal al the se
Boln and ris, and heyer be
Than ani fel of al the land,
.........
And als mikel the tother day
Sal it sattel and wit away."—(Met.
Hom., p. 25.)
"When this was sayd, scho wyte
away."—(Ibid., p. 169.)
1054 quake is evidently an error for quate = wait, look for.
P. 31. l. 1055
He ros, and lutte, and scroð him
[hem?] wel.
He rose, and bowed, and urged
(invited) them well.
1060
He wisten him bergen fro ðe dead.
They wished to preserve him from
death.
compassionate, to show mercy to. (See Allit. Poems, p. 45, l. 247; p. 51, l.
436; p. 54, l. 565; O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 153.) 1049 at-wot, departed. There
is no such verb as æt-wítan, to depart, in Bosworth's A.Sax. Dict. The only
meaning given to atwiten by Stratmann is to reproach, twit. At-wot may be a
blunder for at-wond, departed. See l. 3058. Laȝ. l. 87. We have the O.E. at-
flegen, at-gon, at-scape, etc. The simple verb wite is not uncommon in
Early English authors.
"The first dai sal al the se
Boln and ris, and heyer be
Than ani fel of al the land,
.........
And als mikel the tother day
Sal it sattel and wit away."—(Met.
Hom., p. 25.)
"When this was sayd, scho wyte
away."—(Ibid., p. 169.)
1054 quake is evidently an error for quate = wait, look for.
P. 31. l. 1055
He ros, and lutte, and scroð him
[hem?] wel.
He rose, and bowed, and urged
(invited) them well.
1060
He wisten him bergen fro ðe dead.
They wished to preserve him from
death.
Page 265
bergen is literally to preserve, but it may be here used passively, as the
infinitive often is by O.E. writers, and we must then render the line as
follows:—"They wished him to be preserved from death."
1062
And he him gulden it euerilc del.
And they him requited it every
whit.
1063
Oc al ðat burgt folc ðat helde was
on.
But all that townsfolk that were old
enough.
1073
ðat folc vn-seli, sinne wod.
That wretched folk, mad with sin.
1076 wreche and letting = vengeance and failure.
1079
Wil siðen cam on euerilc on.
Blindness or bewilderment
afterwards came on every
one.
1082 fundend = funden + id = funden + it = found it. 1084 don red = do
(obey) counsel, i.e. take advice.
infinitive often is by O.E. writers, and we must then render the line as
follows:—"They wished him to be preserved from death."
1062
And he him gulden it euerilc del.
And they him requited it every
whit.
1063
Oc al ðat burgt folc ðat helde was
on.
But all that townsfolk that were old
enough.
1073
ðat folc vn-seli, sinne wod.
That wretched folk, mad with sin.
1076 wreche and letting = vengeance and failure.
1079
Wil siðen cam on euerilc on.
Blindness or bewilderment
afterwards came on every
one.
1082 fundend = funden + id = funden + it = found it. 1084 don red = do
(obey) counsel, i.e. take advice.
Page 266
P. 32. l. 1095 in sel = in time, timely, opportunely.
1097
ðat here non wente agen.
That none of them should turn back.
1101 gunde under dun, under yond hill. 1103 sren, if correct, might signify
screen, but it seems to be an error for fren, to set free, and hence to save.
1105
Ai was borgen bala-segor.
Aye was saved Bela Zoar (little
Bela).
See Gen. xiv. 2; xix. 20, 22. 1107 hine = him, the name of the town being
regarded as of the masculine gender. 1108 erðe-dine = earthquake.
"Á hundyr á thowsand and
seẅyntene yhere
Frá þe byrth of our Lord dere,
Erddyn gret in Ytaly
And hugsum fell all suddanly,
And fourty dayis frá þine
lestand."—(Wyntown, p. i.
289.)
The verb dinne in O.E. has not only the sense of to din, but to shake, quake.
See Seinte Marherete, p. 20.
"Þe erth quok and dind again."
—(Cursor Mundi; Cott. MS.
Vesp. A. iii. fol. 11b.)
1097
ðat here non wente agen.
That none of them should turn back.
1101 gunde under dun, under yond hill. 1103 sren, if correct, might signify
screen, but it seems to be an error for fren, to set free, and hence to save.
1105
Ai was borgen bala-segor.
Aye was saved Bela Zoar (little
Bela).
See Gen. xiv. 2; xix. 20, 22. 1107 hine = him, the name of the town being
regarded as of the masculine gender. 1108 erðe-dine = earthquake.
"Á hundyr á thowsand and
seẅyntene yhere
Frá þe byrth of our Lord dere,
Erddyn gret in Ytaly
And hugsum fell all suddanly,
And fourty dayis frá þine
lestand."—(Wyntown, p. i.
289.)
The verb dinne in O.E. has not only the sense of to din, but to shake, quake.
See Seinte Marherete, p. 20.
"Þe erth quok and dind again."
—(Cursor Mundi; Cott. MS.
Vesp. A. iii. fol. 11b.)
Page 267
1109 Sone so, as soon as. 1110 brend-fier-rein, rain of burning fire.
1116
Ne mai non dain wassen ðor-on,
None may dare to wash therein.
dain, if not an error for darin = daren, dare, venture, may = ðain, a man, a
servant, or = duen, avail. 1119 wente hire a-gon, turned her aback. See l.
1097. 1120 wente in to a ston, turned into a stone.
1121
So ist nu forwent mirie dale,
So is there now changed merry
(pleasant) dale.
ist = is + it, is it, there is. 1125 deades driuen, held (influenced) of (by)
death.
P. 33. l. 1127 They say the trees that are near it, come to maturity in time,
and bring forth fruit and thrive, but when their apples are ripe, fire-ashes
one may see therein. fier-isles, fire-ashes. For the meaning of isle, see
Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Vsle. 1131-2 That land is called dale of salt,
many a one taketh thereof little heed (account).
"Of thair schepe thai gif na tale,
Whether thai be seke or hale."—
(MS. Harl. 4196, fol. 92.)
1137 biggede, dwelt. It signifies more properly to build. 1139-40 Here is an
allusion to the destruction of the world by fire mentioned in lines 640-644,
p. 19. Those maidens erewhile heard some say that fire should all this world
consume. 1140 forsweðen, to burn up entirely, from the O.E. swethe or
swithe, to burn, scorch. See Ancren Riwle, p. 306 (footnote). Gloss. to Allit.
1116
Ne mai non dain wassen ðor-on,
None may dare to wash therein.
dain, if not an error for darin = daren, dare, venture, may = ðain, a man, a
servant, or = duen, avail. 1119 wente hire a-gon, turned her aback. See l.
1097. 1120 wente in to a ston, turned into a stone.
1121
So ist nu forwent mirie dale,
So is there now changed merry
(pleasant) dale.
ist = is + it, is it, there is. 1125 deades driuen, held (influenced) of (by)
death.
P. 33. l. 1127 They say the trees that are near it, come to maturity in time,
and bring forth fruit and thrive, but when their apples are ripe, fire-ashes
one may see therein. fier-isles, fire-ashes. For the meaning of isle, see
Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. Vsle. 1131-2 That land is called dale of salt,
many a one taketh thereof little heed (account).
"Of thair schepe thai gif na tale,
Whether thai be seke or hale."—
(MS. Harl. 4196, fol. 92.)
1137 biggede, dwelt. It signifies more properly to build. 1139-40 Here is an
allusion to the destruction of the world by fire mentioned in lines 640-644,
p. 19. Those maidens erewhile heard some say that fire should all this world
consume. 1140 forsweðen, to burn up entirely, from the O.E. swethe or
swithe, to burn, scorch. See Ancren Riwle, p. 306 (footnote). Gloss. to Allit.
Page 268
Poems, s.v. swythe. 1142 fieres wreche, vengeance (plague) of fire. 1143-4
The Cursor Mundi says that Lot's daughters seeing only their father, thought
that all men had perished.
"Bot Loth him held þat cave wit-in,
He and his doghtres tuin;
For þai nan bot þair fadre sau,
Þai wend alle men war don odau,
Thoru þat ilk waful wrak;
Þe elder to þe yonger spak:
'Sister to þe in dern I sai,
Þou seis þe folk er alle awai;
Bot Loth our fader es carman
(male) nan,
Bot we twa left es na womman;
I think mankind sal perist be,
Bot it be stord wit me and þe.'"—
(fol. 18.)
1147 vnder-gon, (1) to go under, (2) to cheat, deceive. In line 1160 under-
gon = to undertake, take up again.
Cp.
"ȝet our by-leave wole onder-gon,
That thyse thre (Persons of the
Trinity) beth ryȝt al on."
—(Shoreham, p. 142.)
"Ope the heȝe eȝtynde day
He onder-ȝede the Gywen lay."—
(Ibid. p. 122.)
"And tus adam he [Christ] under-
gede,
reisede him up, and al mankin,
The Cursor Mundi says that Lot's daughters seeing only their father, thought
that all men had perished.
"Bot Loth him held þat cave wit-in,
He and his doghtres tuin;
For þai nan bot þair fadre sau,
Þai wend alle men war don odau,
Thoru þat ilk waful wrak;
Þe elder to þe yonger spak:
'Sister to þe in dern I sai,
Þou seis þe folk er alle awai;
Bot Loth our fader es carman
(male) nan,
Bot we twa left es na womman;
I think mankind sal perist be,
Bot it be stord wit me and þe.'"—
(fol. 18.)
1147 vnder-gon, (1) to go under, (2) to cheat, deceive. In line 1160 under-
gon = to undertake, take up again.
Cp.
"ȝet our by-leave wole onder-gon,
That thyse thre (Persons of the
Trinity) beth ryȝt al on."
—(Shoreham, p. 142.)
"Ope the heȝe eȝtynde day
He onder-ȝede the Gywen lay."—
(Ibid. p. 122.)
"And tus adam he [Christ] under-
gede,
reisede him up, and al mankin,
Page 269
ðat was fallen to helle dim."—(O.E.
Miscell. p. 22.)
1151 eiðer here, each of them. Cf. O.E. eiðer eȝe, each eye, both eyes.
1159-60 Now behoveth us to turn back and take up the song concerning
Abraham.
1162
Wið reuli lote and frigti mod.
With mournful cheer and frightened
mood (mind).
reuli = sad, rueful, from the verb rue, to pity, compassionate, grieve for. Cf.
O.E. rueness, compassion; Ruer, a merciful person; reuthe, pity.
"He saith 'we ben ybore euerichone
Making sorwe and reuly mone.'"—
(MS. Addit. 11305.)
lote, fare, cheer.
"Þis isah þe leodking
grimme heore lates."
The king saw this,
their grim gestures.
—(Laȝ. ii., 245.)
"Þat freond sæiðe to freonde,
mid fæire loten hende,
'Leofue freond, wæs hail!'"
That friend saieth to his friend
With fair comely looks,
"Dear friend, wassail!"
Miscell. p. 22.)
1151 eiðer here, each of them. Cf. O.E. eiðer eȝe, each eye, both eyes.
1159-60 Now behoveth us to turn back and take up the song concerning
Abraham.
1162
Wið reuli lote and frigti mod.
With mournful cheer and frightened
mood (mind).
reuli = sad, rueful, from the verb rue, to pity, compassionate, grieve for. Cf.
O.E. rueness, compassion; Ruer, a merciful person; reuthe, pity.
"He saith 'we ben ybore euerichone
Making sorwe and reuly mone.'"—
(MS. Addit. 11305.)
lote, fare, cheer.
"Þis isah þe leodking
grimme heore lates."
The king saw this,
their grim gestures.
—(Laȝ. ii., 245.)
"Þat freond sæiðe to freonde,
mid fæire loten hende,
'Leofue freond, wæs hail!'"
That friend saieth to his friend
With fair comely looks,
"Dear friend, wassail!"
Page 270
—(Ibid. ii., 175.)
P. 34. l. 1163 Roke, East Anglian for reke, smoke. See Prompt. Parv. p. 436;
Beve's, l. 2471.
1164
And ðe brinfires stinken smoke,
And the sulphur's stinking smoke.
stinken = stinkende, stinking. 1166 him reu. The verb rewe is used
impersonally in O.E. 1167 suðen = southwards. (See Gen. xx. 1.) 1171-2
Erewhile as first Pharaoh her took, now taketh Abimelech her also. 1177
wif-kinnes, womankind. 1178 wið-helð = wið-held. 1179-80 In dream to
him came tidings why he suffered and underwent that misfortune. 1180
untiming is literally that which is unseasonable. We have the same notion
expressed in O.E. unhap (mishap), misfortune; E. happen, happy, and E.
hap, happen, etc. Cp. untime, in Ancren Riwle, p. 344. 1184 ðat il sel, that
same time, immediately.
1186
And his yuel sort was ouer-gon,
And his evil lot was passed.
1188
ða ðe swinacie gan him nunmor
deren,
When the quinsy did him no more
vex (annoy).
Our author or his transcriber is certainly wrong about the "swinacie;" for the
punishment of "lecher-craft" was meselry (leprosy), the quinsy being the
P. 34. l. 1163 Roke, East Anglian for reke, smoke. See Prompt. Parv. p. 436;
Beve's, l. 2471.
1164
And ðe brinfires stinken smoke,
And the sulphur's stinking smoke.
stinken = stinkende, stinking. 1166 him reu. The verb rewe is used
impersonally in O.E. 1167 suðen = southwards. (See Gen. xx. 1.) 1171-2
Erewhile as first Pharaoh her took, now taketh Abimelech her also. 1177
wif-kinnes, womankind. 1178 wið-helð = wið-held. 1179-80 In dream to
him came tidings why he suffered and underwent that misfortune. 1180
untiming is literally that which is unseasonable. We have the same notion
expressed in O.E. unhap (mishap), misfortune; E. happen, happy, and E.
hap, happen, etc. Cp. untime, in Ancren Riwle, p. 344. 1184 ðat il sel, that
same time, immediately.
1186
And his yuel sort was ouer-gon,
And his evil lot was passed.
1188
ða ðe swinacie gan him nunmor
deren,
When the quinsy did him no more
vex (annoy).
Our author or his transcriber is certainly wrong about the "swinacie;" for the
punishment of "lecher-craft" was meselry (leprosy), the quinsy being the
Page 271
penalty for gluttony. The seven deadly sins were thus to be punished in
Purgatory:—
1. Pride, by a daily fever.
2. Covetousness, " the dropsy.
3. Sloth, " the gout.
4. Envy, " boils, ulcers, and blains.
5. Wrath, " the palsy.
6. Gluttony, " the quinsy.
7. Lechery, " meselry or leprosy.
1192 ðat faire blod, that fair woman. blod in O.E. was used as a term of the
common gender, as also were such words as girl, maid, etc. See Gloss. to
Allit. Poems, s.v. blod.
1193
Bad hire ðor hir wið heuod ben hid
= Bad hire ðor-wið hir heuod ben
hid?
Bad her there-with her head to be
hid,
(That is, she was to buy a veil for
her head).
1194 timing, good-fortune, happiness. See note to line 1180. 1195 bi-sewen,
be seen. so in this line seems an unnecessary addition of the scribe's. 1197
wurd = wurð, became; on elde wac, in age weak (feeble). Woc = weak; the
older form is wac. See Laȝ. ii. 24, 195, 411.
"Forr icc amm i me sellfenn wac,
& full off unntrummnesse."—(Orm.
ii. 285.)
Purgatory:—
1. Pride, by a daily fever.
2. Covetousness, " the dropsy.
3. Sloth, " the gout.
4. Envy, " boils, ulcers, and blains.
5. Wrath, " the palsy.
6. Gluttony, " the quinsy.
7. Lechery, " meselry or leprosy.
1192 ðat faire blod, that fair woman. blod in O.E. was used as a term of the
common gender, as also were such words as girl, maid, etc. See Gloss. to
Allit. Poems, s.v. blod.
1193
Bad hire ðor hir wið heuod ben hid
= Bad hire ðor-wið hir heuod ben
hid?
Bad her there-with her head to be
hid,
(That is, she was to buy a veil for
her head).
1194 timing, good-fortune, happiness. See note to line 1180. 1195 bi-sewen,
be seen. so in this line seems an unnecessary addition of the scribe's. 1197
wurd = wurð, became; on elde wac, in age weak (feeble). Woc = weak; the
older form is wac. See Laȝ. ii. 24, 195, 411.
"Forr icc amm i me sellfenn wac,
& full off unntrummnesse."—(Orm.
ii. 285.)
Page 272
"Vor nout makeð hire woc but sunne
one."
For nought maketh hir weak but sin
only.
—(Ancren Riwle, p. 4.)
See O.E. Miscell. p. 135; ll. 581, 595.
1198 trimede is, perhaps, for timede = teemed = brought forth; if not it must
be referred to O.E. trumen. See trimen in l. 1024.
P. 35. l. 1200 a-buten schoren = about shorn, is merely the explanation of
circumcized.
"O thritte yeir fra he was born,
was ysmael wen he was schorn."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 16b.)
1201 lay is another form of law. Cf. O.E. daye and dawe. 1204 al swilk sel,
even at such time. 1206 is told, is reckoned. 1208 fro teding don, removed
from his mother's care (?). teding = tending (?), nursing, care, not teðing =
teething. "fro teding don" in the Cursor Mundi is expressed by the phrase
spaned fra the pap = weaned from the breast.
1209
Michel gestninge made abraham,
great feasting or entertainment
made Abraham.
gestninge (feasting) seems to be the same as the S.Saxon gistninge, a
banquet. The original meaning is hospitality; O.E. gesten, to entertain a
guest; S.Sax. gistnen, to lodge. See Ancren Riwle, p. 288a, 414. Laȝ. ii.
172.
one."
For nought maketh hir weak but sin
only.
—(Ancren Riwle, p. 4.)
See O.E. Miscell. p. 135; ll. 581, 595.
1198 trimede is, perhaps, for timede = teemed = brought forth; if not it must
be referred to O.E. trumen. See trimen in l. 1024.
P. 35. l. 1200 a-buten schoren = about shorn, is merely the explanation of
circumcized.
"O thritte yeir fra he was born,
was ysmael wen he was schorn."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 16b.)
1201 lay is another form of law. Cf. O.E. daye and dawe. 1204 al swilk sel,
even at such time. 1206 is told, is reckoned. 1208 fro teding don, removed
from his mother's care (?). teding = tending (?), nursing, care, not teðing =
teething. "fro teding don" in the Cursor Mundi is expressed by the phrase
spaned fra the pap = weaned from the breast.
1209
Michel gestninge made abraham,
great feasting or entertainment
made Abraham.
gestninge (feasting) seems to be the same as the S.Saxon gistninge, a
banquet. The original meaning is hospitality; O.E. gesten, to entertain a
guest; S.Sax. gistnen, to lodge. See Ancren Riwle, p. 288a, 414. Laȝ. ii.
172.
Page 273
1212
And ysmael was him vn-swac,
And Ishmael was to him (Isaac)
disagreeable.
vn-swac, displeasing, distasteful. There is no such word as un-swæc to be
found in the A.Sax. glossaries, but we have swæc, savour, taste, from which
I have deduced the meaning here given to un-swac. See Ancren Riwle, p.
48, where spekung = swekung, and cp. swæc, stenc, and hrepung, in Ælfric's
Hom. i. 138.
1213 un-framen, to annoy, from O.E. frame, to benefit, to profit.
1216 Hir was ysmaeles anger loð, To her was Ishmael's anger displeasing.
1217 Ghe bi-mente hire to abraham, She bemoaned her to Abraham.
bimente = pret. of bimene, to complain, lament.
"bimene we us, we hauen don
wrong."—(O.E. Miscell. p.
25; see R. of Gloucester, p.
490.)
1220 dwale, complaint, grief. See l. 1037.
"Be þu neuere to bold, to chiden
agen oni scold,
ne mid mani tales to chiden agen
alle dwales."
(O.E. Miscell., p. 127. See p.
126, l. 414.)
1221 rapede, hastened, hurried away. See Rich. Cœur de Lion, 2206.
And ysmael was him vn-swac,
And Ishmael was to him (Isaac)
disagreeable.
vn-swac, displeasing, distasteful. There is no such word as un-swæc to be
found in the A.Sax. glossaries, but we have swæc, savour, taste, from which
I have deduced the meaning here given to un-swac. See Ancren Riwle, p.
48, where spekung = swekung, and cp. swæc, stenc, and hrepung, in Ælfric's
Hom. i. 138.
1213 un-framen, to annoy, from O.E. frame, to benefit, to profit.
1216 Hir was ysmaeles anger loð, To her was Ishmael's anger displeasing.
1217 Ghe bi-mente hire to abraham, She bemoaned her to Abraham.
bimente = pret. of bimene, to complain, lament.
"bimene we us, we hauen don
wrong."—(O.E. Miscell. p.
25; see R. of Gloucester, p.
490.)
1220 dwale, complaint, grief. See l. 1037.
"Be þu neuere to bold, to chiden
agen oni scold,
ne mid mani tales to chiden agen
alle dwales."
(O.E. Miscell., p. 127. See p.
126, l. 414.)
1221 rapede, hastened, hurried away. See Rich. Cœur de Lion, 2206.
Page 274
"The wretche stiward ne might nowt
slape;
Ac in the morewing he gan up
rape."—(Seven Sages, l.
1620.)
"The king saide, 'I ne have no rape (I
am in no hurry)
For me lest yit ful wel slape.'"—
(Ibid. l. 1631.)
1224
In sumertid, In egest sel,
In summer time, in the highest time
(the hottest season) of the
year.
Cp. 'in a hyȝ seysoun.'—Allit. Poems, p. 2, l. 39. 1228 hete gram, fierce
heat. 1229 wexon ðrist. The sense requires us to read wex on ðrist, with
fatigue and heat thirst waxed on them.
1231
Tid-like hem gan ðat water laken,
Soon did that water fail them.
P. 36. l. 1238
Bi al-so fer so a boge mai ten,
By as far as a bow may reach.
1239 sik and sor, sighing and sadness. 1241 dede hire reed, brought her
help.
slape;
Ac in the morewing he gan up
rape."—(Seven Sages, l.
1620.)
"The king saide, 'I ne have no rape (I
am in no hurry)
For me lest yit ful wel slape.'"—
(Ibid. l. 1631.)
1224
In sumertid, In egest sel,
In summer time, in the highest time
(the hottest season) of the
year.
Cp. 'in a hyȝ seysoun.'—Allit. Poems, p. 2, l. 39. 1228 hete gram, fierce
heat. 1229 wexon ðrist. The sense requires us to read wex on ðrist, with
fatigue and heat thirst waxed on them.
1231
Tid-like hem gan ðat water laken,
Soon did that water fail them.
P. 36. l. 1238
Bi al-so fer so a boge mai ten,
By as far as a bow may reach.
1239 sik and sor, sighing and sadness. 1241 dede hire reed, brought her
help.
Page 275
1242
An angel meðede hire ðat ned,
An angel alleviated her distress.
hire is the dative of the personal pronoun. 1244 seli timing, a fortunate
occurrence. See note to l. 1180. 1247 nam fro ðan, went from that place. fro
ðan = Sc. fra thine, from thence. 1252 mikil and rif, great (powerful) and
wide-spread. 1254 In Arabia his kin dwell. 1258 kungriche = kineriche,
kingdom. Cf. kungdom = kunedon = kingdom, l. 1260. kunglond, kunelond
= kinglond, kingdom, l. 1262. guglond = kunglond, kingdom, l. 1264.
1261-2
His ninth son was Tema,
Wherefore is there a kingdom
called Teman.
1264
Het a guglond esten (eften ?) fro ða,
Was called a kingdom afterwards
from that time.
esten fro ða = eastwards from those other kingdoms. 1269 siker pligt, firm,
sure pledge.
P. 37. l. 1275 feren pligt, pledged fellows.
1279
ðog [it] was nogt is kinde lond,
Nevertheless it was not his native
land.
An angel meðede hire ðat ned,
An angel alleviated her distress.
hire is the dative of the personal pronoun. 1244 seli timing, a fortunate
occurrence. See note to l. 1180. 1247 nam fro ðan, went from that place. fro
ðan = Sc. fra thine, from thence. 1252 mikil and rif, great (powerful) and
wide-spread. 1254 In Arabia his kin dwell. 1258 kungriche = kineriche,
kingdom. Cf. kungdom = kunedon = kingdom, l. 1260. kunglond, kunelond
= kinglond, kingdom, l. 1262. guglond = kunglond, kingdom, l. 1264.
1261-2
His ninth son was Tema,
Wherefore is there a kingdom
called Teman.
1264
Het a guglond esten (eften ?) fro ða,
Was called a kingdom afterwards
from that time.
esten fro ða = eastwards from those other kingdoms. 1269 siker pligt, firm,
sure pledge.
P. 37. l. 1275 feren pligt, pledged fellows.
1279
ðog [it] was nogt is kinde lond,
Nevertheless it was not his native
land.
Page 276
1280
Richere he it leet ðan he it fond,
richer he left it than he found it.
1290
On an hil ðor ic sal taunen ðe,
on a hill where I shall show thee.
1292 ðat he bed him two [to ?], that he commanded him to go to. two, an
error for to. See l. 3752. 1295-6 They say on that hill's side was made the
temple of Solomon. 1295 dune-is siðen = dune-is siden, down's (hill's)
sides. 1299 buxum o rigt, rightly obedient. 1301 sagt, an error for sag
(saw). See l. 1334.
P. 38. l. 1308
ðo wurð ðe child witter and war,
Then became the child wise and
wary.
1315-20
Wonderfully art thou in the world
come,
Wonderfully shalt thou be hence
taken;
Without long suffering and fight
(struggle)
God will thee take from world's
night,
And of thyself holocaust have,
Thank Him that He would it crave
(demand).
Richere he it leet ðan he it fond,
richer he left it than he found it.
1290
On an hil ðor ic sal taunen ðe,
on a hill where I shall show thee.
1292 ðat he bed him two [to ?], that he commanded him to go to. two, an
error for to. See l. 3752. 1295-6 They say on that hill's side was made the
temple of Solomon. 1295 dune-is siðen = dune-is siden, down's (hill's)
sides. 1299 buxum o rigt, rightly obedient. 1301 sagt, an error for sag
(saw). See l. 1334.
P. 38. l. 1308
ðo wurð ðe child witter and war,
Then became the child wise and
wary.
1315-20
Wonderfully art thou in the world
come,
Wonderfully shalt thou be hence
taken;
Without long suffering and fight
(struggle)
God will thee take from world's
night,
And of thyself holocaust have,
Thank Him that He would it crave
(demand).
Page 277
1317 ðhrowing = throe, suffering, agony.
"ðrowwinge and pine."—(Orm. ii.
174.)
"Vor soð wisdom is don euere soule-hele biuoren flesches hele: and hwon
me ne mei nout boðe holden somed, cheosen er licomes hurt þen þuruh to
stronge vondunges, soule þrowunge."—(Ancren Riwle, p. 372.) For true
wisdom is ever to put soul-health before flesh-health, and when one may
not hold both together, to choose rather bodily hurt than, through too strong
trials, soul-agony (death). 1323 Supply don after wulde. 1328 nuge = nog,
now. 1331 frigti fagen may be either frigti and fagen, timid and glad, or else
frigti-fagen, timidly glad.
1332 for ysaac bi-leaf un-slagen, for Isaac remained unslain.
1333 Bi-aften, behind, abaft.
"Tacc þær an shep bafftenn þin bacc
and offre itt forr þe wennchell."—
(Orm. ii. 156.)
1336 on ysaac stede, instead of Isaac.
P. 39. l. 1345
Sarra was fagen in kindes wune,
Sarah was naturally glad.
in kindes wune = after the manner of kinde (nature); kindes wune = kind-
wise, kin-wise. 1365 semeð is an error for semes, burdens, loads, or for
semed, burdened, loaded. See l. 1368. seme is properly a load for a pack-
horse.
"ðrowwinge and pine."—(Orm. ii.
174.)
"Vor soð wisdom is don euere soule-hele biuoren flesches hele: and hwon
me ne mei nout boðe holden somed, cheosen er licomes hurt þen þuruh to
stronge vondunges, soule þrowunge."—(Ancren Riwle, p. 372.) For true
wisdom is ever to put soul-health before flesh-health, and when one may
not hold both together, to choose rather bodily hurt than, through too strong
trials, soul-agony (death). 1323 Supply don after wulde. 1328 nuge = nog,
now. 1331 frigti fagen may be either frigti and fagen, timid and glad, or else
frigti-fagen, timidly glad.
1332 for ysaac bi-leaf un-slagen, for Isaac remained unslain.
1333 Bi-aften, behind, abaft.
"Tacc þær an shep bafftenn þin bacc
and offre itt forr þe wennchell."—
(Orm. ii. 156.)
1336 on ysaac stede, instead of Isaac.
P. 39. l. 1345
Sarra was fagen in kindes wune,
Sarah was naturally glad.
in kindes wune = after the manner of kinde (nature); kindes wune = kind-
wise, kin-wise. 1365 semeð is an error for semes, burdens, loads, or for
semed, burdened, loaded. See l. 1368. seme is properly a load for a pack-
horse.
Page 278
"An hors is strengur than a mon,
Ac for hit non i-wit ne kon,
Hit berth on rugge grete semes,
And draȝth bi-vore grete temes."
—(Owl and Nightingale, ed.
Wright, p. 27.)
1372 min erdne ðu forðe selðhelike, mine errand do thou perform,
accomplish successfully. forðe = forðen. See Orm. l. 1834; Ancren Riwle, p.
408; Laȝ. l. 31561. 1373 lene, grant, still exists in lend, loan, etc.
1375
He bad hise bede on good sel,
He offered his prayer (in good time)
opportunely.
P. 40. l. 1379 ilc on = each one.
1382
Ne wor nogt so forð ðeuwe numen,
The custom had not been so forth
(up to that time) practised.
1388 bofte = bi-ofte, behoof; cf. O.E. byefþe, bi-ofþe. See l. 1408. 1390
beges = bracelets, armlets, probably from A.Sax. bugan (= beogan), to bow,
to bend. The original meaning of beg is crown. In Piers Ploughman 346,
beighe signifies a collar. In the Middle High German version of the Book of
Genesis (ed. Diemer) it is stated that Eliezer, for love, gave Rebekah
"Zwêne ôringe
und zuêne arm-pouge
ûz alrôteme golde."
Ac for hit non i-wit ne kon,
Hit berth on rugge grete semes,
And draȝth bi-vore grete temes."
—(Owl and Nightingale, ed.
Wright, p. 27.)
1372 min erdne ðu forðe selðhelike, mine errand do thou perform,
accomplish successfully. forðe = forðen. See Orm. l. 1834; Ancren Riwle, p.
408; Laȝ. l. 31561. 1373 lene, grant, still exists in lend, loan, etc.
1375
He bad hise bede on good sel,
He offered his prayer (in good time)
opportunely.
P. 40. l. 1379 ilc on = each one.
1382
Ne wor nogt so forð ðeuwe numen,
The custom had not been so forth
(up to that time) practised.
1388 bofte = bi-ofte, behoof; cf. O.E. byefþe, bi-ofþe. See l. 1408. 1390
beges = bracelets, armlets, probably from A.Sax. bugan (= beogan), to bow,
to bend. The original meaning of beg is crown. In Piers Ploughman 346,
beighe signifies a collar. In the Middle High German version of the Book of
Genesis (ed. Diemer) it is stated that Eliezer, for love, gave Rebekah
"Zwêne ôringe
und zuêne arm-pouge
ûz alrôteme golde."
Page 279
1391 ghe seems to be an error for he. 1394 kiddit = made it known, showed
it. 1397 good grið = good entertainment. 1398 Him (the dative of the
personal pronoun), for him.
1404
Quilc selðe and welðhe him wel bi-
cam,
What prosperity and wealth had
well befallen him.
1409 wið-ðan, with-that, thereupon.
1410
fagneden wel ðis sondere man,
welcomed well this messenger.
fagnen is literally to make fain or glad, to welcome, entertain; sondere man.
The proper form is sondes-man. Ancren Riwle, p. 190. Cf. loder-man for
lodes-man, l. 4110, p. 117; and sander-bodes, O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 89.
P. 41. ll. 1411-12
When God hath it so ordained,
As he sendeth so it shall be.
1417 garen, to prepare (to set out), to make yare, to get ready.
1419-20
For entreaty nor meed not would he
there.
it. 1397 good grið = good entertainment. 1398 Him (the dative of the
personal pronoun), for him.
1404
Quilc selðe and welðhe him wel bi-
cam,
What prosperity and wealth had
well befallen him.
1409 wið-ðan, with-that, thereupon.
1410
fagneden wel ðis sondere man,
welcomed well this messenger.
fagnen is literally to make fain or glad, to welcome, entertain; sondere man.
The proper form is sondes-man. Ancren Riwle, p. 190. Cf. loder-man for
lodes-man, l. 4110, p. 117; and sander-bodes, O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 89.
P. 41. ll. 1411-12
When God hath it so ordained,
As he sendeth so it shall be.
1417 garen, to prepare (to set out), to make yare, to get ready.
1419-20
For entreaty nor meed not would he
there.
Page 280
Over one night delay no (any)
more.
drechen is (1) to trouble, annoy, (2) to hinder, delay.
(1) "Sir Pilates wife dame Porcula
Tille hir Lord thus gan say—
'Deme ȝe noght Ihesus tille ne fra,
Bot menske him that ȝe may
I have bene drechid with dremes
swa,
This ilk night als I lay.'"
—(Gospel of Nichodemus, Harl.
MS. 4196.)
(2) "Quhen Claudius þe manhed
kend
Of þe Brettownys, he message send
Tyl Arẅyragus, þan þe kyng
Þat Brettayne had in governyng,
For til amese all were and stryfe,
And tak his dochtyr til his wyfe,
And to Rowme þat Tribwte pay
Wycht-owtyn drychyng or delay."—
(Wyntown, vol. i. p. 92.)
In the Cursor Mundi we are told that wanhope (despair) causes
"Lathnes to kirc at sermon here
Dreching o scrift (delay of shrift),"
etc.—(Cott. MS. Vesp. A.
iii.)
1427 Or or first ere, i.e. before. 1428 morgen-giwe = morgen-giue, nuptial
gift, the morning gift, the gift of the husband presented to the wife on the
more.
drechen is (1) to trouble, annoy, (2) to hinder, delay.
(1) "Sir Pilates wife dame Porcula
Tille hir Lord thus gan say—
'Deme ȝe noght Ihesus tille ne fra,
Bot menske him that ȝe may
I have bene drechid with dremes
swa,
This ilk night als I lay.'"
—(Gospel of Nichodemus, Harl.
MS. 4196.)
(2) "Quhen Claudius þe manhed
kend
Of þe Brettownys, he message send
Tyl Arẅyragus, þan þe kyng
Þat Brettayne had in governyng,
For til amese all were and stryfe,
And tak his dochtyr til his wyfe,
And to Rowme þat Tribwte pay
Wycht-owtyn drychyng or delay."—
(Wyntown, vol. i. p. 92.)
In the Cursor Mundi we are told that wanhope (despair) causes
"Lathnes to kirc at sermon here
Dreching o scrift (delay of shrift),"
etc.—(Cott. MS. Vesp. A.
iii.)
1427 Or or first ere, i.e. before. 1428 morgen-giwe = morgen-giue, nuptial
gift, the morning gift, the gift of the husband presented to the wife on the
Page 281
morning after marriage. See Ancren Riwle, p. 94. Hali Meid. p. 39. 1430
godun dai, good day. godun = godne, the accusative of the adjective.
"He let clipie þe saterday:
Þe freres bifore him alle
And bed alle godne day."—(St
Dunstan, l. 200.)
1434 sondes fare, the journey of the messenger (Eliezer). 1437 on felde =
the O.E. afelde. 1439 Eððede = eðede, alleviated, is connected with the
O.E. eþe (eað), easy, and literally signifies softened. 1440 Of faiger
waspene, of fair form; waspene is evidently an error for wasteme or
wastene. "He seh þeos seli meiden marherete ... þe schimede ant schan al of
wlite (face) ant of wastum (form)."—(Seinte Marherete, p. 2.) "In þis burh
was wuniende a meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, two wone of twenti, feir ant
freolich o wlite & o westum."—(St Kath. p. 69.) 1442 Here samening, their
union, intercourse.
1444
And sge ne bi-spac him neuere a
del.
And she contradicted him never a
whit.
bispeke in O.E. also signifies to threaten. See Castle of Love, l. 221.
P. 42. l. 1448
Abraham dede hem siðen sundri
wunen,
Abraham assigned them afterwards
sundry abodes.
1456
godun dai, good day. godun = godne, the accusative of the adjective.
"He let clipie þe saterday:
Þe freres bifore him alle
And bed alle godne day."—(St
Dunstan, l. 200.)
1434 sondes fare, the journey of the messenger (Eliezer). 1437 on felde =
the O.E. afelde. 1439 Eððede = eðede, alleviated, is connected with the
O.E. eþe (eað), easy, and literally signifies softened. 1440 Of faiger
waspene, of fair form; waspene is evidently an error for wasteme or
wastene. "He seh þeos seli meiden marherete ... þe schimede ant schan al of
wlite (face) ant of wastum (form)."—(Seinte Marherete, p. 2.) "In þis burh
was wuniende a meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, two wone of twenti, feir ant
freolich o wlite & o westum."—(St Kath. p. 69.) 1442 Here samening, their
union, intercourse.
1444
And sge ne bi-spac him neuere a
del.
And she contradicted him never a
whit.
bispeke in O.E. also signifies to threaten. See Castle of Love, l. 221.
P. 42. l. 1448
Abraham dede hem siðen sundri
wunen,
Abraham assigned them afterwards
sundry abodes.
1456
Page 282
Him bi-stoden wurlike and wel,
Mourned for (bewailed) him
worthily and well.
See ll. 716, 3857. wurlike = wurðlike, worthily. 1461-4 Long it was ere she
him child bare, And he entreated God, when he became aware of it (i.e. that
Rebekah was barren), That he should fulfil that promise, That he to
Abraham erewhile made. 1463 fillen, to fulfil, accomplish. See Orm. i. 91.
quede, promise, saying, is the same as the O.E. quede, a bequest, quide, a
saying, from queðe, to say, still existing in quoth. See Laȝ. i. 38, 43; ii. 151,
197, 613 ; iii. 3; Orm. ii. 321.
1467-8
At one burden she bore
Two, who were to her akin of
blood.
sibbe blod = O.H.G. sippe-bluot, blood relatives. Perhaps this line was
inserted by the author on account of the popular belief at this time, that the
birth of twins was an indication of unfaithfulness on the part of the woman
to her husband. 1469-71 Also it seemed to her day and night, As (though)
they wrought in fight (struggling, conflict), Which of them should first be
born. 1470 "And the children struggled together within her."—(Gen. xxv.
22.) The following curious paraphrase of this passage occurs in the Cursor
Mundi, fol. 20b:—
"His wiif (Rebekah) þat lang had
child forgane,
Now sco bredes tua for ane,
Tuinlinges þat hir thoght na gamen,
Þat in hir womb oft faght samen.
Swa hard wit-in hir wamb þai faght,
Þat sco ne might rest dai ne naght;
At pray to Godd ai was sco prest,
To rede hir quat þat hir was best;
Mourned for (bewailed) him
worthily and well.
See ll. 716, 3857. wurlike = wurðlike, worthily. 1461-4 Long it was ere she
him child bare, And he entreated God, when he became aware of it (i.e. that
Rebekah was barren), That he should fulfil that promise, That he to
Abraham erewhile made. 1463 fillen, to fulfil, accomplish. See Orm. i. 91.
quede, promise, saying, is the same as the O.E. quede, a bequest, quide, a
saying, from queðe, to say, still existing in quoth. See Laȝ. i. 38, 43; ii. 151,
197, 613 ; iii. 3; Orm. ii. 321.
1467-8
At one burden she bore
Two, who were to her akin of
blood.
sibbe blod = O.H.G. sippe-bluot, blood relatives. Perhaps this line was
inserted by the author on account of the popular belief at this time, that the
birth of twins was an indication of unfaithfulness on the part of the woman
to her husband. 1469-71 Also it seemed to her day and night, As (though)
they wrought in fight (struggling, conflict), Which of them should first be
born. 1470 "And the children struggled together within her."—(Gen. xxv.
22.) The following curious paraphrase of this passage occurs in the Cursor
Mundi, fol. 20b:—
"His wiif (Rebekah) þat lang had
child forgane,
Now sco bredes tua for ane,
Tuinlinges þat hir thoght na gamen,
Þat in hir womb oft faght samen.
Swa hard wit-in hir wamb þai faght,
Þat sco ne might rest dai ne naght;
At pray to Godd ai was sco prest,
To rede hir quat þat hir was best;
Page 283
Þat hir war best he wald hir rede.
Hir liif was likest to þe ded (death).
Strang weird was giuen to þam o
were,
Þat þai moght noght þair strif
forbere
Til þai had o þaim-seluen might
To se quarfor þat þai suld fight.
Fra biginning o þe werld
O suilk a wer was never herd,
Ne suilk a striif o childer tuin
Þat lai þer moder wamb wit-in.
Þair strut it was vn-stern stith,
Wit wrathli wrestes aiþer writh.
Bituix unborn a batel blind,
Suilk an was ferli to find.
He þat on þe right side lai
Þe tother him wraisted oft awai;
And he þat lay upon þe left,
Þe tother oft his sted him reft."
1470 and = an = in; or else figt must be an error for fagt = fought; and nigt
= nagt. 1477 Ghe is evidently an error for ghet or get, yet. liues = alive. Cf.
newes, anew, etc.
P. 43. l. 1484 swete mel, sweet meal (food), not sweet speech. "And Isaac
loved Esau, because he did eat of his venison."—(Gen. xxv. 28.) 1487 seð a
mete, sod a meat. "sod pottage."—(Gen. xxv. 29.) 1493 mattilike weri =
mattilike and weri, overcome (faint) and weary. Mattilike is connected with
the O.E. mat, mote, faint, half dead. See Allit. Poems, p. 12, l. 386.
1494
Iacob wurð war he was gredi,
Jacob became aware that he (Esau)
was hungry.
Hir liif was likest to þe ded (death).
Strang weird was giuen to þam o
were,
Þat þai moght noght þair strif
forbere
Til þai had o þaim-seluen might
To se quarfor þat þai suld fight.
Fra biginning o þe werld
O suilk a wer was never herd,
Ne suilk a striif o childer tuin
Þat lai þer moder wamb wit-in.
Þair strut it was vn-stern stith,
Wit wrathli wrestes aiþer writh.
Bituix unborn a batel blind,
Suilk an was ferli to find.
He þat on þe right side lai
Þe tother him wraisted oft awai;
And he þat lay upon þe left,
Þe tother oft his sted him reft."
1470 and = an = in; or else figt must be an error for fagt = fought; and nigt
= nagt. 1477 Ghe is evidently an error for ghet or get, yet. liues = alive. Cf.
newes, anew, etc.
P. 43. l. 1484 swete mel, sweet meal (food), not sweet speech. "And Isaac
loved Esau, because he did eat of his venison."—(Gen. xxv. 28.) 1487 seð a
mete, sod a meat. "sod pottage."—(Gen. xxv. 29.) 1493 mattilike weri =
mattilike and weri, overcome (faint) and weary. Mattilike is connected with
the O.E. mat, mote, faint, half dead. See Allit. Poems, p. 12, l. 386.
1494
Iacob wurð war he was gredi,
Jacob became aware that he (Esau)
was hungry.
Page 284
—(See Gloss. s.v. Gredi.)
1495-6 "Brother," quoth he, "sell me those privileges Which are said to be
the first (eldest) son's." 1499 bliðelike, quickly; blithelike has often this
sense in O.E. writers. 1501 wurði wune, a worthy (high, great) privilege.
1503 offrende sel, offering time.
1504
Was wune ben scrid semelike and
wel,
Was wont to be clothed seemly and
well.
1506 dede his ending, came to his end (died). 1507 heg tide, hey (high)
days. 1510 twinne del, two-fold. 1511-12 And when the father were (should
be) buried, to have two portions of hereditary property. ereward = erfeward,
is properly the guardian, keeper of the erfe or inheritance, and hence the
heir, so that instead of ereward riche we ought to read ereward-riche,
corresponding to the A.Sax. yrfe-land, hereditary land. The -riche is the
affix found in O.E. heven-riche, heaven kingdom; kine-riche, a kingdom; E.
bishoprick. The -ward (in ereward) = warder, keeper, is found in O.E. gate-
ward, dore-ward (door-keeper), bat-ward (boat-keeper); hey-ward (farm-
yard keeper); sti-ward (steward, the officer who originally had care of the
highways or sties?).
P. 44. l. 1514 then, an error for ten, to go. 1515 in wis, in wise, so that; but
may we not read in-wis = i-wis, indeed, truly? See l. 2521. 1518 Holden
wurðelike, esteemed honourably, held in honour, respect; a may be for and,
or for aa = aye, ever.
1519-20
A hundred times as much waxed his
honour,
1495-6 "Brother," quoth he, "sell me those privileges Which are said to be
the first (eldest) son's." 1499 bliðelike, quickly; blithelike has often this
sense in O.E. writers. 1501 wurði wune, a worthy (high, great) privilege.
1503 offrende sel, offering time.
1504
Was wune ben scrid semelike and
wel,
Was wont to be clothed seemly and
well.
1506 dede his ending, came to his end (died). 1507 heg tide, hey (high)
days. 1510 twinne del, two-fold. 1511-12 And when the father were (should
be) buried, to have two portions of hereditary property. ereward = erfeward,
is properly the guardian, keeper of the erfe or inheritance, and hence the
heir, so that instead of ereward riche we ought to read ereward-riche,
corresponding to the A.Sax. yrfe-land, hereditary land. The -riche is the
affix found in O.E. heven-riche, heaven kingdom; kine-riche, a kingdom; E.
bishoprick. The -ward (in ereward) = warder, keeper, is found in O.E. gate-
ward, dore-ward (door-keeper), bat-ward (boat-keeper); hey-ward (farm-
yard keeper); sti-ward (steward, the officer who originally had care of the
highways or sties?).
P. 44. l. 1514 then, an error for ten, to go. 1515 in wis, in wise, so that; but
may we not read in-wis = i-wis, indeed, truly? See l. 2521. 1518 Holden
wurðelike, esteemed honourably, held in honour, respect; a may be for and,
or for aa = aye, ever.
1519-20
A hundred times as much waxed his
honour,
Page 285
So may God prosper where he will.
1521
Niðede ðat folk [ðat] him fel wel,
That folk envied him because he
prospered.
1522 And made him change his abode; flitten is to remove, to flit.
"O land he (Noe) had ful grette
plenté,
For him and for his sons thre;
Mast to tilth he gave him þan,
To flitt þe breres he bigan;
Sua lang wit flitting he þam sloght,
Þat wine-treis he þam wroght."
—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 13.)
1524 trewðe fest, troth-fast, pledged by troth or plighted faith; fest has
usually the sense of confirming, pledging, in O.E.
"Þis neu forward (covenant) was
festened þan."
—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 23.)
1527-28
And age came upon Isaac,
He became sightless and weak of
(with) age.
elde swac = eldes wac, weak of (with) age. 1531 ðat, what. 1535 brogtes,
brought them. 1536 And she well knew the father's choice; kire answers
1521
Niðede ðat folk [ðat] him fel wel,
That folk envied him because he
prospered.
1522 And made him change his abode; flitten is to remove, to flit.
"O land he (Noe) had ful grette
plenté,
For him and for his sons thre;
Mast to tilth he gave him þan,
To flitt þe breres he bigan;
Sua lang wit flitting he þam sloght,
Þat wine-treis he þam wroght."
—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 13.)
1524 trewðe fest, troth-fast, pledged by troth or plighted faith; fest has
usually the sense of confirming, pledging, in O.E.
"Þis neu forward (covenant) was
festened þan."
—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 23.)
1527-28
And age came upon Isaac,
He became sightless and weak of
(with) age.
elde swac = eldes wac, weak of (with) age. 1531 ðat, what. 1535 brogtes,
brought them. 1536 And she well knew the father's choice; kire answers
Page 286
exactly to the later gloss, wune = what is chosen, selected; S. Sax. cure,
choice.
"Þer stoden in þere temple
ten þusend monnen
þet wes þe bezste cure
Of al Brut-londe."—Laȝ. i. 345.
1537 And made exceedingly good, or very opportunely, that meat; on sele =
on-sele, good, literally timely, opportunely; S.Sax. on sele, safely. See note
on l. 1542.
"Cnihtes fuseð me mid
leteð slæpen þene king
And fare we on sele."—Laȝ. i. 32.
sæ-men æfter
fóron flód-wége
folc wæs on salum.
The sea men after
marched the flood way
the folk prospered (was in
prosperity).
—(Cædmon, 184, 13.)
1539 Clothed she Jacob and made him rough. 1542 seles mel, an error for
selie mel, good (timely) meal? Cf. miries dale for mirie dale, l. 1038, p. 30.
See Laȝ. i. 75; ii. 173.
"And þas word saide
Brutus þe sele (the good)."—Laȝ. i.
30.
"haueð mi fader bi þære sæ
Castel swiðe sæle."—(Ibid. ii. 14.)
choice.
"Þer stoden in þere temple
ten þusend monnen
þet wes þe bezste cure
Of al Brut-londe."—Laȝ. i. 345.
1537 And made exceedingly good, or very opportunely, that meat; on sele =
on-sele, good, literally timely, opportunely; S.Sax. on sele, safely. See note
on l. 1542.
"Cnihtes fuseð me mid
leteð slæpen þene king
And fare we on sele."—Laȝ. i. 32.
sæ-men æfter
fóron flód-wége
folc wæs on salum.
The sea men after
marched the flood way
the folk prospered (was in
prosperity).
—(Cædmon, 184, 13.)
1539 Clothed she Jacob and made him rough. 1542 seles mel, an error for
selie mel, good (timely) meal? Cf. miries dale for mirie dale, l. 1038, p. 30.
See Laȝ. i. 75; ii. 173.
"And þas word saide
Brutus þe sele (the good)."—Laȝ. i.
30.
"haueð mi fader bi þære sæ
Castel swiðe sæle."—(Ibid. ii. 14.)
Page 287
1544 For he handled him and found him rough. 1545 When he knew him,
opportunely he blessed him, faithfully and well. on gode sel, in good time,
opportunely. See note to l. 1542.
P. 45. ll. 1547-8
Heaven's dew and earth's fatness,
Abundance of wine and oil.
1550 Supply and after migt.
1565-6
Quoth Esau, "right is his name
Called Jacob, to my disadvantage."
1569-70
Nevertheless, dear father, intreat I
thee
That thou give me some blessing.
1573 erðes smere, earth's fatness; smere is properly fat, grease, butter. In the
Orm. ii. 106 it is used in the sense of ointment. 1574 granted him blessing
that was precious to him; gere is evidently an error for dere, beloved, dear,
precious.
1575-6
For Idumea, that rich land,
Of pasture good, was in his hand.
lewse, cf. O.E. leswen, to pasture; lezzer[398] (Shropshire), a pasture-land.
(Wicliffe, 1 Kings xvi. 11; 1 Cor. ix. 7; Luke viii. 34.) "If ony man schal
opportunely he blessed him, faithfully and well. on gode sel, in good time,
opportunely. See note to l. 1542.
P. 45. ll. 1547-8
Heaven's dew and earth's fatness,
Abundance of wine and oil.
1550 Supply and after migt.
1565-6
Quoth Esau, "right is his name
Called Jacob, to my disadvantage."
1569-70
Nevertheless, dear father, intreat I
thee
That thou give me some blessing.
1573 erðes smere, earth's fatness; smere is properly fat, grease, butter. In the
Orm. ii. 106 it is used in the sense of ointment. 1574 granted him blessing
that was precious to him; gere is evidently an error for dere, beloved, dear,
precious.
1575-6
For Idumea, that rich land,
Of pasture good, was in his hand.
lewse, cf. O.E. leswen, to pasture; lezzer[398] (Shropshire), a pasture-land.
(Wicliffe, 1 Kings xvi. 11; 1 Cor. ix. 7; Luke viii. 34.) "If ony man schal
Page 288
entre by me, he schal be saved; and he schal go yn, and schal go out, and he
schal fynde lesewis." (Wicliffe, St John x. 9.) "Egipte aȝenst kynde of oþer
londes haþ plenté of corn; he is bareyne of lesue, and whan he haþ plenté of
lesue it is bareyne of corn." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's
Polychronicon, vol. 1, p. 131.)
1577-8
Quoth Esau, "The time of mourning
shall pass away,
And I shall take vengeance of (on)
Jacob."
1577 grot is a noun formed from the vb. to grete (to weep, mourn), just as
wop is from wepe (weep). It is the same as the O.E. gret, grete, cry, outcry.
P. 46. ll. 1583-4
"Be thou there," quoth she, "till Esau
Appeased be, who rages now."
Eðe-moðed (= eðe-moded) is literally easy-minded, humble, mild, and
hence soft-mooded, appeased. S.Sax. edmod, eadmodied, edmodie. See Laȝ.
ii. 554; Ancren Riwle, 246, 278. The insertion of be is necessary to the
metre as well as to the sense.
1588-9
Esau married in order to annoy us
When he allied (himself to kin of
Canaan) and is so foolish.
1591-2
schal fynde lesewis." (Wicliffe, St John x. 9.) "Egipte aȝenst kynde of oþer
londes haþ plenté of corn; he is bareyne of lesue, and whan he haþ plenté of
lesue it is bareyne of corn." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's
Polychronicon, vol. 1, p. 131.)
1577-8
Quoth Esau, "The time of mourning
shall pass away,
And I shall take vengeance of (on)
Jacob."
1577 grot is a noun formed from the vb. to grete (to weep, mourn), just as
wop is from wepe (weep). It is the same as the O.E. gret, grete, cry, outcry.
P. 46. ll. 1583-4
"Be thou there," quoth she, "till Esau
Appeased be, who rages now."
Eðe-moðed (= eðe-moded) is literally easy-minded, humble, mild, and
hence soft-mooded, appeased. S.Sax. edmod, eadmodied, edmodie. See Laȝ.
ii. 554; Ancren Riwle, 246, 278. The insertion of be is necessary to the
metre as well as to the sense.
1588-9
Esau married in order to annoy us
When he allied (himself to kin of
Canaan) and is so foolish.
1591-2
Page 289
Wherefore he maketh him stubborn
and strong,
For he is mixed amongst that kin.
1594
Ne bode ic no lengere werldes lif,
I could endure (abide) no longer
world's life.
1605 an soðe drem, in true dream. 1606 heuene bem = heaven-beam (?), the
sun (?). 1610 Lened = leaned; but the MS. also sanctions leued = remained;
and [Jacob] wurð ut-suuen, and Jacob became cast out of (aroused from)
his sleep. 1615 i = ic, I. It is common to find i before sal, instead of the
fuller ic.
P. 47. l. 1620 amongus = amonges = amongst. 1621 a-gen cumen = agen-
cumen, return. 1623 for muniging = for a memorial. 1624 And get on olige
= and poured on oil; olige = the O.E. olie, elye = oil; anelye, to anoint. 1636
A well well-covered under a stone. 1638 abiden (= abode) is the pret. pl. of
abide. 1641 sulden samen = should assemble.
1649
Iacob wið hire wente ðat ston,
Jacob for her removed that stone.
wið in O.E. signifies in, for, against, etc.
1651-2
And he made known he was her
aunt's son,
And kissed her after kins-wise (as a
relative).
and strong,
For he is mixed amongst that kin.
1594
Ne bode ic no lengere werldes lif,
I could endure (abide) no longer
world's life.
1605 an soðe drem, in true dream. 1606 heuene bem = heaven-beam (?), the
sun (?). 1610 Lened = leaned; but the MS. also sanctions leued = remained;
and [Jacob] wurð ut-suuen, and Jacob became cast out of (aroused from)
his sleep. 1615 i = ic, I. It is common to find i before sal, instead of the
fuller ic.
P. 47. l. 1620 amongus = amonges = amongst. 1621 a-gen cumen = agen-
cumen, return. 1623 for muniging = for a memorial. 1624 And get on olige
= and poured on oil; olige = the O.E. olie, elye = oil; anelye, to anoint. 1636
A well well-covered under a stone. 1638 abiden (= abode) is the pret. pl. of
abide. 1641 sulden samen = should assemble.
1649
Iacob wið hire wente ðat ston,
Jacob for her removed that stone.
wið in O.E. signifies in, for, against, etc.
1651-2
And he made known he was her
aunt's son,
And kissed her after kins-wise (as a
relative).
Page 290
mouies is properly a female relative; S.Sax. mawe, moȝe, mowe, and must
be distinguished from mæi, mey, may, etc., a male relative. "Þis ȝet þuncheð
me wurst þæt tu þe ane hauest ouergan þi feder ant ti moder, meies ba ant
mehen." (St Marherete, p. 16.)
"Nu is afered of þe
þi mei and þi mowe;
Alle heo wereð þe weden
þat er weren þin owe."—(O.E.
Miscell. p. 178.)
We occasionally, as in this instance, meet with the word in a more limited
sense.
"Annd hire meȝhe Elysabaeþ
Wass gladd inoh & bliþe
Off hire dere child Iohan,
And lefliȝ ȝho himm fedd."—(Orm.
i. 109.)
"Has þou her," þai said, "ani man,
Sun or dogter, mik or mau
To þe langand, or hei or lau."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.)
We even find a confusion between the two terms, as in l. 1761, p. 51, and in
the following passage:
"Loth went and til his maues (sons-
in-law) spak."
—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.)
P. 48. ll. 1655-6 Laban welcomed him (Isaac's son travelled from afar) in
friend's wise (friendly); feren = S.Sax. feorren, afar, far, from a distance.
(See Ancren Riwle, p. 70, l. 3888.)
be distinguished from mæi, mey, may, etc., a male relative. "Þis ȝet þuncheð
me wurst þæt tu þe ane hauest ouergan þi feder ant ti moder, meies ba ant
mehen." (St Marherete, p. 16.)
"Nu is afered of þe
þi mei and þi mowe;
Alle heo wereð þe weden
þat er weren þin owe."—(O.E.
Miscell. p. 178.)
We occasionally, as in this instance, meet with the word in a more limited
sense.
"Annd hire meȝhe Elysabaeþ
Wass gladd inoh & bliþe
Off hire dere child Iohan,
And lefliȝ ȝho himm fedd."—(Orm.
i. 109.)
"Has þou her," þai said, "ani man,
Sun or dogter, mik or mau
To þe langand, or hei or lau."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.)
We even find a confusion between the two terms, as in l. 1761, p. 51, and in
the following passage:
"Loth went and til his maues (sons-
in-law) spak."
—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.)
P. 48. ll. 1655-6 Laban welcomed him (Isaac's son travelled from afar) in
friend's wise (friendly); feren = S.Sax. feorren, afar, far, from a distance.
(See Ancren Riwle, p. 70, l. 3888.)
Page 291
"The sonne, and monne, and many
sterren
By easte aryseth swythe ferren."—
(Shoreham, p. 137.)
1658 and laban herte ranc = and Laban's heart was wrung (with pity)? for
ranc read wranc = wrang. 1666 wað = quað, quoth, spoke. 1668 wið skil, in
reason, reasonably.
1671
Luue wel michil it agte a-wold
Love so great it ought prevail.
agte awold, have in power, prevail, avail. Cp. "Þerfore everyche Romayn
overcomeþ oþer is overcome wiþ flaterynge and wiþ faire wordes; and ȝif
wordes failleþ, ȝiftes schal hym awelde." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's
Polychronicum, vol. i. p. 253.) 1676 tog = toc = took.
1681
long wune is her driuen,
long custom is here held
(practised).
P. 49. l. 1693 londes kire, custom of the land (country). 1700 caldes, called
them. Cf. calde is in l. 1702. 1706 ille bi-nam, foully ravished. 1712 charen,
to depart, literally to turn. 1713 ðelde an error for gelde = should requite.
1713-14
Unless Laban should reward better
His service, and withhold (retain)
him yet.
sterren
By easte aryseth swythe ferren."—
(Shoreham, p. 137.)
1658 and laban herte ranc = and Laban's heart was wrung (with pity)? for
ranc read wranc = wrang. 1666 wað = quað, quoth, spoke. 1668 wið skil, in
reason, reasonably.
1671
Luue wel michil it agte a-wold
Love so great it ought prevail.
agte awold, have in power, prevail, avail. Cp. "Þerfore everyche Romayn
overcomeþ oþer is overcome wiþ flaterynge and wiþ faire wordes; and ȝif
wordes failleþ, ȝiftes schal hym awelde." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's
Polychronicum, vol. i. p. 253.) 1676 tog = toc = took.
1681
long wune is her driuen,
long custom is here held
(practised).
P. 49. l. 1693 londes kire, custom of the land (country). 1700 caldes, called
them. Cf. calde is in l. 1702. 1706 ille bi-nam, foully ravished. 1712 charen,
to depart, literally to turn. 1713 ðelde an error for gelde = should requite.
1713-14
Unless Laban should reward better
His service, and withhold (retain)
him yet.
Page 292
1715 serue he scriðed = he entreated him to serve.
1719-26
Covenant is made of all sheep,
Jacob should take charge of those of
one colour,
And if of those, spotted ones came,
Those should be taken for hire
(wages).
Sheep or goat, speckled, streaked,
or gray,
Are placed from Jacob far away;
Nevertheless those of one colour
Bore many unlike and dissimilar.
P. 50. l. 1723 haswed = haswe, "livid, a sad colour mixed with blue." It also
signifies rugged, shaggy. 1726 vn-like = unlike in colour. It may be,
however, an error for on-like = alike; likeles, unlike, dissimilar in form.
1729 ðe sunder bles, the diverse coloured ones. 1736 To be under him
longer is displeasing to him. 1740 clipping time, shearing time. See Allit.
Poems, A. 802. 1747 for-olen = for-holen, secreted.
P. 51. l. 1758
ðus meðelike spac ðis em,
thus kindly (mildly) spake this
uncle.
1761-2
My relative, my nephew, my fellow
(companion)
1719-26
Covenant is made of all sheep,
Jacob should take charge of those of
one colour,
And if of those, spotted ones came,
Those should be taken for hire
(wages).
Sheep or goat, speckled, streaked,
or gray,
Are placed from Jacob far away;
Nevertheless those of one colour
Bore many unlike and dissimilar.
P. 50. l. 1723 haswed = haswe, "livid, a sad colour mixed with blue." It also
signifies rugged, shaggy. 1726 vn-like = unlike in colour. It may be,
however, an error for on-like = alike; likeles, unlike, dissimilar in form.
1729 ðe sunder bles, the diverse coloured ones. 1736 To be under him
longer is displeasing to him. 1740 clipping time, shearing time. See Allit.
Poems, A. 802. 1747 for-olen = for-holen, secreted.
P. 51. l. 1758
ðus meðelike spac ðis em,
thus kindly (mildly) spake this
uncle.
1761-2
My relative, my nephew, my fellow
(companion)
Page 293
Thou oughtest not to do me such
unlawfulness (wrong).
mog. See note to l. 1651.
1763-4
I was afraid it might occur to thee
To take thy daughters from me.
1765 fro an error for for (?).
1767
Theft I deny, that is my advice,
That he be dead (put to death) with
whom thou findest them
(thy gods).
1768-9 is = them. 1771 yuel ist bi-togen, evil is there accused = wrongfully
has accusation been made, i. e. I am accused of a crime. bitogen, the p.p. of
biteon, signifies also befallen. bitogen may be an error for bilogen. 1772
My labour about thy property is drawn (taken up), i. e. I am troubled about
thy property. 1774 And to me was thine honour dear; wurðing = honour,
respect, good opinion. 1775 fend sule wit ben, friends shall we two be. 1776
And troth plight (pledge) now us two between. 1779 glað = glad. 1782
Turned backward ere it was light. 1783 of weie rad, quickly away. of liues =
alive; of kin = akin. 1784 Soon was he far from Laban separated. 1786
Engel-wirð = engel-wird, a troop, multitude of angels.
"Þer wes Bruttene weored
baldeliche isomned."—(Laȝ. ii.
412.)
1787 wopnede here, a weaponed (armed) host.
unlawfulness (wrong).
mog. See note to l. 1651.
1763-4
I was afraid it might occur to thee
To take thy daughters from me.
1765 fro an error for for (?).
1767
Theft I deny, that is my advice,
That he be dead (put to death) with
whom thou findest them
(thy gods).
1768-9 is = them. 1771 yuel ist bi-togen, evil is there accused = wrongfully
has accusation been made, i. e. I am accused of a crime. bitogen, the p.p. of
biteon, signifies also befallen. bitogen may be an error for bilogen. 1772
My labour about thy property is drawn (taken up), i. e. I am troubled about
thy property. 1774 And to me was thine honour dear; wurðing = honour,
respect, good opinion. 1775 fend sule wit ben, friends shall we two be. 1776
And troth plight (pledge) now us two between. 1779 glað = glad. 1782
Turned backward ere it was light. 1783 of weie rad, quickly away. of liues =
alive; of kin = akin. 1784 Soon was he far from Laban separated. 1786
Engel-wirð = engel-wird, a troop, multitude of angels.
"Þer wes Bruttene weored
baldeliche isomned."—(Laȝ. ii.
412.)
1787 wopnede here, a weaponed (armed) host.
Page 294
"iwepned wel alle
heo wenden to þan walle."—(Laȝ. i.
401.)
"& sone anan se þiss wass seȝȝd
Þurrh an off Godess enngless,
A mikell here off enngleþeod
Wass cumenn ut of heoffne,
& all þatt hirdeflocc hemm sahh
& herrde whatt teȝȝ sungenn."—
(Orm. i. 115.)
"He comuth with so gret here
Wondur is the ground may heom
beore."—(Kyng Alys., p. 91,
l. 2101.)
P. 52. l. 1797-8
And Jacob sent far before
Him rich gifts, and sundry bearers.
1798 loac = lac, loc, a gift, present.
"ðe riche reoðeren
& scheop & bule,
hwa se mihte
brohten to lake."—(St. Kath. 63.)
"And bi þatt allterr wass þe lac
O fele wise ȝarkedd."—(Orm. i.
34.)
"Alle hii nemen þat lock."—(Laȝ.,
later copy, ii. 320.)
heo wenden to þan walle."—(Laȝ. i.
401.)
"& sone anan se þiss wass seȝȝd
Þurrh an off Godess enngless,
A mikell here off enngleþeod
Wass cumenn ut of heoffne,
& all þatt hirdeflocc hemm sahh
& herrde whatt teȝȝ sungenn."—
(Orm. i. 115.)
"He comuth with so gret here
Wondur is the ground may heom
beore."—(Kyng Alys., p. 91,
l. 2101.)
P. 52. l. 1797-8
And Jacob sent far before
Him rich gifts, and sundry bearers.
1798 loac = lac, loc, a gift, present.
"ðe riche reoðeren
& scheop & bule,
hwa se mihte
brohten to lake."—(St. Kath. 63.)
"And bi þatt allterr wass þe lac
O fele wise ȝarkedd."—(Orm. i.
34.)
"Alle hii nemen þat lock."—(Laȝ.,
later copy, ii. 320.)
Page 295
boren = bearers. A.S. bora. 1804 The sinews sprang from the limb. lið =
member, limb. See Hampole's P. of C. 1917.
1805-6
Would they (Jacob's kin) no sinews
thenceforth eat,
His own kin will not forget that
usage.
1808 Till the dawning up from the east burst. 1811 leate = lete, relinquish.
1818 How shall any man be able to hurt thee? 1826 And honoured him as
the first-born; wurðe should be wurð[ed]e. 1828 ðo rew him so, then had he
such compassion upon Jacob.
P. 53. l. 1829 trume, host. (See Guy of Warwick, p. 291; Laȝ. iii. 73, 107.)
"And he arayeth hare trome
As me (one) areyt men in fyȝt."—
(Shoreham, p. 108.)
Cp. shel-ter = or scheltron = schild-trume. 1833 Jacob was sorrowful that
he forsook (refused) them (the presents). 1835 hol and schir = whole and
sound; schir = sheer, pure, undefiled. 1837 him to frame = for his own use.
1840 tgelt = tyelt = encamped. Cf. Ger. zelt; Eng. tilt. 1843 There King
Emor sold him a piece of ground. 1848 She departed leave-less (without
permission) from that place. 1851 Her own counsel misled (ruined) her. We
might read
for hire listede hire owen red,
for her own counsel pleased her.
1854
And his burge-folc fellen in wi,
member, limb. See Hampole's P. of C. 1917.
1805-6
Would they (Jacob's kin) no sinews
thenceforth eat,
His own kin will not forget that
usage.
1808 Till the dawning up from the east burst. 1811 leate = lete, relinquish.
1818 How shall any man be able to hurt thee? 1826 And honoured him as
the first-born; wurðe should be wurð[ed]e. 1828 ðo rew him so, then had he
such compassion upon Jacob.
P. 53. l. 1829 trume, host. (See Guy of Warwick, p. 291; Laȝ. iii. 73, 107.)
"And he arayeth hare trome
As me (one) areyt men in fyȝt."—
(Shoreham, p. 108.)
Cp. shel-ter = or scheltron = schild-trume. 1833 Jacob was sorrowful that
he forsook (refused) them (the presents). 1835 hol and schir = whole and
sound; schir = sheer, pure, undefiled. 1837 him to frame = for his own use.
1840 tgelt = tyelt = encamped. Cf. Ger. zelt; Eng. tilt. 1843 There King
Emor sold him a piece of ground. 1848 She departed leave-less (without
permission) from that place. 1851 Her own counsel misled (ruined) her. We
might read
for hire listede hire owen red,
for her own counsel pleased her.
1854
And his burge-folc fellen in wi,
Page 296
And his people (borough-folk) fell
in war.
wi = wig = war. Cf. Semi-Sax. wiȝe, battle, conflict. (Laȝ. i. 201; ii. 260; iii.
5.) wi-ax, wi-eax, a battle-axe. (Laȝ. i. 67, 96, 166, 286.) 1855 bi-speken,
blamed. Cf. bi-spac, l. 1444, p. 41.
P. 54. l. 1872 Gol prenes = golde prenes = gold brooches. Prene is
connected with O.E. preonne, to sew up. (See O.E. Miscell, p. 172, l. 68.)
Sc. prin, a pin.
1873-4
Deep he them buried under an oak,
No covetousness made him weak
(disobedient) in heart.
1877-8
For Solomon shall find them,
And his temple deck withal.
1887 merke dede, set up a mark (monument).
P. 55. ll. 1901-2
Of Edom so it was named then,
For it was before called Bozra.
1906 deden un-red = committed sin; unred, want of wisdom, miscounsel,
folly, wickedness. (See Owl and Nightingale, 161.)
"For unræd is swiðe ræh (rash)."—
(Laȝ. i. 278.)
in war.
wi = wig = war. Cf. Semi-Sax. wiȝe, battle, conflict. (Laȝ. i. 201; ii. 260; iii.
5.) wi-ax, wi-eax, a battle-axe. (Laȝ. i. 67, 96, 166, 286.) 1855 bi-speken,
blamed. Cf. bi-spac, l. 1444, p. 41.
P. 54. l. 1872 Gol prenes = golde prenes = gold brooches. Prene is
connected with O.E. preonne, to sew up. (See O.E. Miscell, p. 172, l. 68.)
Sc. prin, a pin.
1873-4
Deep he them buried under an oak,
No covetousness made him weak
(disobedient) in heart.
1877-8
For Solomon shall find them,
And his temple deck withal.
1887 merke dede, set up a mark (monument).
P. 55. ll. 1901-2
Of Edom so it was named then,
For it was before called Bozra.
1906 deden un-red = committed sin; unred, want of wisdom, miscounsel,
folly, wickedness. (See Owl and Nightingale, 161.)
"For unræd is swiðe ræh (rash)."—
(Laȝ. i. 278.)
Page 297
1910 Brictest of waspene (wasteme), brightest of form; witter wune =
skillwise, skilful, of good abilities. 1912 vn-hillen & baren, discover and
lay bare (disclose); vnhillen = O.E. unhelen. (See Surtees, Ps. xxviii. 9.)
1914 wel-ðewed, well conducted, well behaved.
1915
for-ði wexem wið gret nið;
unless wexem = wex hem, we should perhaps read,
for-ði he wexen wið gret nið,
Wherefore they increased in great
envy (jealousy).
wið = in. 1919 soren = shorn = reaped. Shear is still an E.Anglian term for
to reap.
"And I sal say til men scherande,
Gaderes the darnel first in bande,
And brennes it opon the land,
And scheres sithen the corn rathe,
And bringes it unto my lathe."
—(Met. Hom. p. 146.)
1920 here = theirs. Cf. ure = ours. 1923 hu mai ðis sen, how may this
appear (be seen). 1928 siðe = siðen = afterwards. 1934 In Dothan he found
them come. sogt = sought = come, arrived? 1935 fro feren = from afar.
P. 56. l. 1942 ðisternesse = cisternesse = cistern. (See l. 1960.) Cistern
occurs in the Middle High German Book of Genesis and Exodus, ed.
Diemer, p. 75.
skillwise, skilful, of good abilities. 1912 vn-hillen & baren, discover and
lay bare (disclose); vnhillen = O.E. unhelen. (See Surtees, Ps. xxviii. 9.)
1914 wel-ðewed, well conducted, well behaved.
1915
for-ði wexem wið gret nið;
unless wexem = wex hem, we should perhaps read,
for-ði he wexen wið gret nið,
Wherefore they increased in great
envy (jealousy).
wið = in. 1919 soren = shorn = reaped. Shear is still an E.Anglian term for
to reap.
"And I sal say til men scherande,
Gaderes the darnel first in bande,
And brennes it opon the land,
And scheres sithen the corn rathe,
And bringes it unto my lathe."
—(Met. Hom. p. 146.)
1920 here = theirs. Cf. ure = ours. 1923 hu mai ðis sen, how may this
appear (be seen). 1928 siðe = siðen = afterwards. 1934 In Dothan he found
them come. sogt = sought = come, arrived? 1935 fro feren = from afar.
P. 56. l. 1942 ðisternesse = cisternesse = cistern. (See l. 1960.) Cistern
occurs in the Middle High German Book of Genesis and Exodus, ed.
Diemer, p. 75.
Page 298
"Nu sehet ze dem trômære, er
bringet nivmare
Slahen wir den selben hunt,
Werfen in in der zisterne grunt."
1942-4
In this pit, old and deep,
Yet shall he be cast, naked and cold,
What-so(ever) his dreams may
signify.
1943 wurðe = wurð e = wurð he (?) = he shall be. 1950 derne sped = secret
haste. I should prefer derue sped = derfe sped, bold (wicked) haste. 1952
spices ware = spices-ware = spicery. 1958 Than he should there die in their
power. 1961 ðhogte swem = appeared grieved = was sorrowful.
1962-3
Believed him to be slain, set up a
cry
He will not cease, such sorrow he
endured.
1962 rem, cry, outcry.
"ðanne remen he alle a rem,
so hornes blast oðer belles drem
(noise)."
—(O.E. Miscell., p. 21.)
1967-8
In kid's blood they turned it,
Then was there-on a piteous stain.
bringet nivmare
Slahen wir den selben hunt,
Werfen in in der zisterne grunt."
1942-4
In this pit, old and deep,
Yet shall he be cast, naked and cold,
What-so(ever) his dreams may
signify.
1943 wurðe = wurð e = wurð he (?) = he shall be. 1950 derne sped = secret
haste. I should prefer derue sped = derfe sped, bold (wicked) haste. 1952
spices ware = spices-ware = spicery. 1958 Than he should there die in their
power. 1961 ðhogte swem = appeared grieved = was sorrowful.
1962-3
Believed him to be slain, set up a
cry
He will not cease, such sorrow he
endured.
1962 rem, cry, outcry.
"ðanne remen he alle a rem,
so hornes blast oðer belles drem
(noise)."
—(O.E. Miscell., p. 21.)
1967-8
In kid's blood they turned it,
Then was there-on a piteous stain.
Page 299
1968 lit = stain.
"Ah wið se swiðe lufsume leores
Ha leien, se rudie
& se reade i-litet (coloured)
eauereach leor
as lilie i-leid to rose,
Þæt nawhit ne þuhte hit
Þæt ha weren deade."—(St. Kath. l.
1432.)
"Saide Laverd of Basan torne, torne
sal I,
In depnesse of þe se for-þi;
Þat þi fote be lited in blode o lim,
Þe tunge of þi hundes fra faas of
him."—(Ps. lxvii. 24.)
P. 57. ll. 1975-8
He wept, and said that "wild beasts
Have my son swallowed here."
His clothes rent, in hair (cloth)
shrouded,
Long mourning and sorrow is him
befallen.
1977 haigre.
"Þai sal be, als þe appocalips spekes,
In harde hayres clende and in
sekkes."
—(Hampole's P. of C., 4530.)
"Ah wið se swiðe lufsume leores
Ha leien, se rudie
& se reade i-litet (coloured)
eauereach leor
as lilie i-leid to rose,
Þæt nawhit ne þuhte hit
Þæt ha weren deade."—(St. Kath. l.
1432.)
"Saide Laverd of Basan torne, torne
sal I,
In depnesse of þe se for-þi;
Þat þi fote be lited in blode o lim,
Þe tunge of þi hundes fra faas of
him."—(Ps. lxvii. 24.)
P. 57. ll. 1975-8
He wept, and said that "wild beasts
Have my son swallowed here."
His clothes rent, in hair (cloth)
shrouded,
Long mourning and sorrow is him
befallen.
1977 haigre.
"Þai sal be, als þe appocalips spekes,
In harde hayres clende and in
sekkes."
—(Hampole's P. of C., 4530.)
Page 300
1980 hertedin, consoled; literally encouraged him (to hope that his son was
still alive). 1982 herting = consolation. 1989 skiuden for skinden = went.
1992 They made quickly a gainful covenant. 1995 wol = wel = very.
1999, 2000
But he became then so naturally
cold,
To do such deed had he no power.
2004 The author of the poem seems to have confounded Potiphar with Poti-
pherah, the priest of On. (See Gen. xli. 45.)
P. 58. l. 2011 an heg for and heg = and high. 2015 One and stille, alone and
secretly. 2019 Provided that he would with her wanton; wile seems to be the
same as wigele, to play, sport. May we not supply plaige, play, before wile?
2020 But what she desired was displeasing to him. 2024 But it was to him
all alike displeasing. 2025 tgeld = tyeld = tent. Cf. tilt (of a cart). 2030 god
= goð = goes.
2031-2
And saith Joseph would do to her,
What she might not prove (or bring)
against him.
2031 seið, says.
2035-6
The blame is his, the right is hers,
May God almighty discern the
truth.
still alive). 1982 herting = consolation. 1989 skiuden for skinden = went.
1992 They made quickly a gainful covenant. 1995 wol = wel = very.
1999, 2000
But he became then so naturally
cold,
To do such deed had he no power.
2004 The author of the poem seems to have confounded Potiphar with Poti-
pherah, the priest of On. (See Gen. xli. 45.)
P. 58. l. 2011 an heg for and heg = and high. 2015 One and stille, alone and
secretly. 2019 Provided that he would with her wanton; wile seems to be the
same as wigele, to play, sport. May we not supply plaige, play, before wile?
2020 But what she desired was displeasing to him. 2024 But it was to him
all alike displeasing. 2025 tgeld = tyeld = tent. Cf. tilt (of a cart). 2030 god
= goð = goes.
2031-2
And saith Joseph would do to her,
What she might not prove (or bring)
against him.
2031 seið, says.
2035-6
The blame is his, the right is hers,
May God almighty discern the
truth.
Page 301
wite, blame, still exists in twit; O.E. at-wite.
P. 59. l. 2043 chartre for cwartre = prison.
"Forr nass nohht Sannt Johan ȝët ta
Intill cwarrterrne worrpenn."—
(Orm. ii. 270.)
2044 in hagt, in sorrow. We might translate ll. 2042-4 as follows:—"The
gaoler did love him, and hath entrusted him the prison to live in care with
the prisoners." 2045 on-sagen = un-sagen = O.E. mis-saw, opprobrious
language. 2047 One that the king's cup presented (the butler). 2049-50 onigt
= anigt, by night; o-frigt = afrigt, in fright, affrighted. 2054 Hard
(troublesome) dreams would cause that (i. e. cause them to mourn). 2057
softe or strong = pleasant or unpleasant. 2058 The interpretation will on (to)
God belong. 2059 win-tre, a vine.
"Me thoght I sagh a win-tre,
A bogh þar was wit branches thre;
O þis tre apon ilk bogh,
Me thoght hang winberis inogh."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 26.)
2060 That had full grown boughs three; waxen = full grown, explains
Shakespear's man of wax. 2061 First it bloomed, and afterwards bore. 2062
Of the berries ripe became I aware. 2073 Present my petition (intercede for
me) to Pharaoh; herdne = ernde. Cf. O.E. wordle = world.
"Bute heore almesdede
heore ernde schal bere."
But their alms-deed
Shall intercede for them.
—(O.E. Miscell. p. 164.)
P. 59. l. 2043 chartre for cwartre = prison.
"Forr nass nohht Sannt Johan ȝët ta
Intill cwarrterrne worrpenn."—
(Orm. ii. 270.)
2044 in hagt, in sorrow. We might translate ll. 2042-4 as follows:—"The
gaoler did love him, and hath entrusted him the prison to live in care with
the prisoners." 2045 on-sagen = un-sagen = O.E. mis-saw, opprobrious
language. 2047 One that the king's cup presented (the butler). 2049-50 onigt
= anigt, by night; o-frigt = afrigt, in fright, affrighted. 2054 Hard
(troublesome) dreams would cause that (i. e. cause them to mourn). 2057
softe or strong = pleasant or unpleasant. 2058 The interpretation will on (to)
God belong. 2059 win-tre, a vine.
"Me thoght I sagh a win-tre,
A bogh þar was wit branches thre;
O þis tre apon ilk bogh,
Me thoght hang winberis inogh."—
(Cursor Mundi, fol. 26.)
2060 That had full grown boughs three; waxen = full grown, explains
Shakespear's man of wax. 2061 First it bloomed, and afterwards bore. 2062
Of the berries ripe became I aware. 2073 Present my petition (intercede for
me) to Pharaoh; herdne = ernde. Cf. O.E. wordle = world.
"Bute heore almesdede
heore ernde schal bere."
But their alms-deed
Shall intercede for them.
—(O.E. Miscell. p. 164.)
Page 302
2075 kinde lond, native land. 2076 And here wrongfully held in bond;
wrigteleslike = wrigte-les-like, fault-less-ly; wrigte = wrihhte, a fault, crime.
wrigteleslike = wrigte-les-like, fault-less-ly; wrigte = wrihhte, a fault, crime.
Page 303
"For niss nohht Godess griþþ wiþþ
þa
Þatt wiþþrenn Godd onnȝæness,
Acc helle-wawenn iss till þa
All affterr þeȝȝre wrihhte."—(Orm.
i. 136.)
P. 60. l. 2077 liðeð nu me, listen now to me. 2078 bread-lepes = bread-
baskets. Cf. O.E. bar-lepe, a basket for keeping barley in. See Townley
Myst., p. 329; Wicliffe, Exod. ii. 3. Leep, or baskett (lepp. K). Sporta,
calathus, corbis.—(Prompt. Parv.)
2085-6
It were preferable to me (I had
rather) quoth Joseph,
Tell the meaning of pleasant
dreams.
2086 rechen = recken = to tell, explain; swep = force, stroke. Cf. the use of
bond, wold, ll. 2114, 2122. 2088 ben do[n] on rode, be put on the cross (be
crucified).
2089-90
And fowls shall tear away thy flesh,
That no wealth shall be able to save
thee.
2094 wið-uten erd, in a foreign land. 2105 On a bush full grown and very
beautiful (seasonable? well-seasoned, prime?). 2107 welkede = withered.
drugte numen, seized with drought (dryness).
P. 61. l. 2114 Who could explain the meaning of these dreams. 2119 ðo
hogt. Is hogt an error for logt = lagt, taken, or for sogt = sought? 2122 ðis
þa
Þatt wiþþrenn Godd onnȝæness,
Acc helle-wawenn iss till þa
All affterr þeȝȝre wrihhte."—(Orm.
i. 136.)
P. 60. l. 2077 liðeð nu me, listen now to me. 2078 bread-lepes = bread-
baskets. Cf. O.E. bar-lepe, a basket for keeping barley in. See Townley
Myst., p. 329; Wicliffe, Exod. ii. 3. Leep, or baskett (lepp. K). Sporta,
calathus, corbis.—(Prompt. Parv.)
2085-6
It were preferable to me (I had
rather) quoth Joseph,
Tell the meaning of pleasant
dreams.
2086 rechen = recken = to tell, explain; swep = force, stroke. Cf. the use of
bond, wold, ll. 2114, 2122. 2088 ben do[n] on rode, be put on the cross (be
crucified).
2089-90
And fowls shall tear away thy flesh,
That no wealth shall be able to save
thee.
2094 wið-uten erd, in a foreign land. 2105 On a bush full grown and very
beautiful (seasonable? well-seasoned, prime?). 2107 welkede = withered.
drugte numen, seized with drought (dryness).
P. 61. l. 2114 Who could explain the meaning of these dreams. 2119 ðo
hogt. Is hogt an error for logt = lagt, taken, or for sogt = sought? 2122 ðis
Page 304
dremes wold = this dream's meaning. Wold signifies (1) power, (2) force, (3)
meaning. 2130 nedful = grievous; the O.E. ned often signifies grief, trouble.
2132 rospen and raken, rasp and rake, diminish and scatter. The Swedish
raka signifies to clip, shave, shear. 2134 laðes, barns. (See note to l. 1919.)
Chaucer uses the word in the Reve's Tale. "Berne or lathe, Horreum."—
(Prompt. Parv.) 2136 hungri gere, famine years. 2146 so to-bar, so falsely
accused him. (See baren in l. 1912.) In the Castle of Love to-beren =
disagree; to-boren, at enmity, l. 49.
P. 62. l. 2153
The seven years of plenty pass
away.
Joseph himself knew how to
provide beforehand.
2161 for nede sogt, sought, come by compulsion. (See l. 2165.) 2163 he
lutten him, they did obeisance to him.
2167-8
Joseph knew them all in his thought
(mind),
He made as if he knew them not.
2176 For hunger doth (causes) them (Jacob's sons) hither to come.
2178 bi gure bering, by your behaviour. 2181 For seldom betideth even any
king.
P. 63. l. 2190 ða = ðat; pore is evidently an error for gure = your.
2191-2
meaning. 2130 nedful = grievous; the O.E. ned often signifies grief, trouble.
2132 rospen and raken, rasp and rake, diminish and scatter. The Swedish
raka signifies to clip, shave, shear. 2134 laðes, barns. (See note to l. 1919.)
Chaucer uses the word in the Reve's Tale. "Berne or lathe, Horreum."—
(Prompt. Parv.) 2136 hungri gere, famine years. 2146 so to-bar, so falsely
accused him. (See baren in l. 1912.) In the Castle of Love to-beren =
disagree; to-boren, at enmity, l. 49.
P. 62. l. 2153
The seven years of plenty pass
away.
Joseph himself knew how to
provide beforehand.
2161 for nede sogt, sought, come by compulsion. (See l. 2165.) 2163 he
lutten him, they did obeisance to him.
2167-8
Joseph knew them all in his thought
(mind),
He made as if he knew them not.
2176 For hunger doth (causes) them (Jacob's sons) hither to come.
2178 bi gure bering, by your behaviour. 2181 For seldom betideth even any
king.
P. 63. l. 2190 ða = ðat; pore is evidently an error for gure = your.
2191-2
Page 305
For then was Joseph sore afraid
That he were also through them
deceived.
2196 ðe ton = the one. 2198 to wedde = in pledge, as hostage.
"He said, 'Forsothe, a tokyne to
wedde
Salle thou lefe with me.'"—(Sir
Perceval of Galles, p. 19.)
2204 Wrigtful = sinful. (See note to l. 2076.) 2209 For we denied him
mercy; werneden = denied, refused.
"God schewes in his godspelle
Of þe riche man and laȝarus,
How þat he warned him almus,
Þarfor God warned him agayne
A drope of water, to sloken his
payne
In þe fire of helle when he was
þan."
—(Cott. MS. Tib. E. vii., fol.
37.)
2214 pilt = O.E. pult, thrown, placed (R. of Gloucester, 3376, 459; Lay le
Freine, 136).
P. 64. l. 2219 ouer-ðogt, over-anxious. 2224 ðo agtes = the monies. 2232
Death and sorrow come on me; segeð = sigeð, cometh, alighteth, falleth.
"& þi wracche (wretched) saule
[Scal] siȝen to helle."—(Laȝ. ii.
186.)
That he were also through them
deceived.
2196 ðe ton = the one. 2198 to wedde = in pledge, as hostage.
"He said, 'Forsothe, a tokyne to
wedde
Salle thou lefe with me.'"—(Sir
Perceval of Galles, p. 19.)
2204 Wrigtful = sinful. (See note to l. 2076.) 2209 For we denied him
mercy; werneden = denied, refused.
"God schewes in his godspelle
Of þe riche man and laȝarus,
How þat he warned him almus,
Þarfor God warned him agayne
A drope of water, to sloken his
payne
In þe fire of helle when he was
þan."
—(Cott. MS. Tib. E. vii., fol.
37.)
2214 pilt = O.E. pult, thrown, placed (R. of Gloucester, 3376, 459; Lay le
Freine, 136).
P. 64. l. 2219 ouer-ðogt, over-anxious. 2224 ðo agtes = the monies. 2232
Death and sorrow come on me; segeð = sigeð, cometh, alighteth, falleth.
"& þi wracche (wretched) saule
[Scal] siȝen to helle."—(Laȝ. ii.
186.)
Page 306
2233 bi-lewen = bi-liuen = remain.
2235-8
Then quoth Judah, "It will go hard
with us,
If we do not keep our agreement
with him."
Famine increased, this corn is gone,
Jacob again biddeth them go again
(to Egypt).
2241-2
Then quoth he, "When (since) it is
necessary,
And I know no better plan."
2249 God grant that he may be kindly disposed (towards you); eði-modes =
eðe-moded (see note to l. 1584). 2252 ligt = soon; literally easily, without
difficulty. 2254 Kind thought (natural affection) was in his heart then; ðag =
ða = ðo = then, is necessary for the sense and the rhyme.
P. 65. l. 2255 gerken = O.E. ȝarke, Mod. Eng. yark, prepare, get ready.
"He lætte bi sæ flode
ȝearkien scipen gode."—(Laȝ. i.
111.)
2258 None of them had then merry cheers (countenances). 2262 ur non,
none of us; ur should be properly ure. Cf. l. 2260, where we have gur for
gure.
2267-8
2235-8
Then quoth Judah, "It will go hard
with us,
If we do not keep our agreement
with him."
Famine increased, this corn is gone,
Jacob again biddeth them go again
(to Egypt).
2241-2
Then quoth he, "When (since) it is
necessary,
And I know no better plan."
2249 God grant that he may be kindly disposed (towards you); eði-modes =
eðe-moded (see note to l. 1584). 2252 ligt = soon; literally easily, without
difficulty. 2254 Kind thought (natural affection) was in his heart then; ðag =
ða = ðo = then, is necessary for the sense and the rhyme.
P. 65. l. 2255 gerken = O.E. ȝarke, Mod. Eng. yark, prepare, get ready.
"He lætte bi sæ flode
ȝearkien scipen gode."—(Laȝ. i.
111.)
2258 None of them had then merry cheers (countenances). 2262 ur non,
none of us; ur should be properly ure. Cf. l. 2260, where we have gur for
gure.
2267-8
Page 307
Very glad (fain) he was of their
coming,
For he was held there as a prisoner.
to nome may have the same signification as the phrase to wedde = as
hostage, as security; nome (nom?), derived from nimen, to take, capture,
signifies seizure. Cf. wop from wepe (weep), grot from grete (lament, cry),
lop (flee) from lepe (leap, run), etc. 2269 vndren time = A.Sax. undern-tid;
vndren is the Prov. aandorn, oandurth, orndorn. It literally denotes "the
intervening period, which accounts for its sometimes denoting a part of the
forenoon, or a meal taken at that time, and sometimes a period between
noon and sunset."—(Garnett.) 2275 And he willingly accepted it. 2279
Know I that none of them but what trembles.
2287-9
Soon he went out, and secretly he
wept,
That all his face became wet with
tears.
After that weeping, he washed his
face.
P. 66. l. 2295 of euerilc sonde, of every dish, of every mess; sond signifies a
dish, mess, meal. S.Sax. sonden, sunde, viands.
"wanliche (bad) weoren þa
sonden."—(Laȝ. iii. 32.)
"þas beorn þa sunde
(þes beare þe sondes)
from kuchene to þan kinge."—(Laȝ.
ii. 611.)
"Hwer beoð þine disches
coming,
For he was held there as a prisoner.
to nome may have the same signification as the phrase to wedde = as
hostage, as security; nome (nom?), derived from nimen, to take, capture,
signifies seizure. Cf. wop from wepe (weep), grot from grete (lament, cry),
lop (flee) from lepe (leap, run), etc. 2269 vndren time = A.Sax. undern-tid;
vndren is the Prov. aandorn, oandurth, orndorn. It literally denotes "the
intervening period, which accounts for its sometimes denoting a part of the
forenoon, or a meal taken at that time, and sometimes a period between
noon and sunset."—(Garnett.) 2275 And he willingly accepted it. 2279
Know I that none of them but what trembles.
2287-9
Soon he went out, and secretly he
wept,
That all his face became wet with
tears.
After that weeping, he washed his
face.
P. 66. l. 2295 of euerilc sonde, of every dish, of every mess; sond signifies a
dish, mess, meal. S.Sax. sonden, sunde, viands.
"wanliche (bad) weoren þa
sonden."—(Laȝ. iii. 32.)
"þas beorn þa sunde
(þes beare þe sondes)
from kuchene to þan kinge."—(Laȝ.
ii. 611.)
"Hwer beoð þine disches
Page 308
midd þine swete sonde?"—(O.E.
Miscell., p. 174.)
2297 In abundance they became glad. 2302 ðeden = peoples. 2311 weren ...
went = had gone. 2316 vn-selðehe = vnselðe, misfortune, evil.
"Her waas unnseollþe unnride inoh
Till an mann forr to dreȝhenn."—
(Orm. i. 165.)
"Ah ich heom singe, for ich wolde
That hi wel understonde schulde
That sum unselthe heom is i-hende
(near)."
—(Owl and Nightingale, p. 43.)
Later writers use the word in the sense of wickedness. (See Shoreham's
Poems, p. 43.) 2314 bi-calleð, accuses. See Ywain and Gawin, p. 21, l. 491.
2318 gure on = one of you. 2320 vp = vpe = upon.
"Moni of þisse riche
þat wereden foh and grei,
An rideþ uppe stede
and uppen palefrai,
Heo schulen atte dome,
suggen weilawei."—(O.E.
Miscell., p. 164.)
P. 67. l. 2335 Provided that thou spare Benjamin. 2341 so e gret = so he
gret, so he wept. 2342 That all his face became wet of (with) tears. See l.
2356. 2354 sundri = on-sundri, apart. 2356 Ilc here, each of them.
P. 68. l. 2367 twinne srud, two changes of raiment. 2369 fif weden, five
garments. 2373 wið semes fest, with burdens loaded. 2380 He knew not
Miscell., p. 174.)
2297 In abundance they became glad. 2302 ðeden = peoples. 2311 weren ...
went = had gone. 2316 vn-selðehe = vnselðe, misfortune, evil.
"Her waas unnseollþe unnride inoh
Till an mann forr to dreȝhenn."—
(Orm. i. 165.)
"Ah ich heom singe, for ich wolde
That hi wel understonde schulde
That sum unselthe heom is i-hende
(near)."
—(Owl and Nightingale, p. 43.)
Later writers use the word in the sense of wickedness. (See Shoreham's
Poems, p. 43.) 2314 bi-calleð, accuses. See Ywain and Gawin, p. 21, l. 491.
2318 gure on = one of you. 2320 vp = vpe = upon.
"Moni of þisse riche
þat wereden foh and grei,
An rideþ uppe stede
and uppen palefrai,
Heo schulen atte dome,
suggen weilawei."—(O.E.
Miscell., p. 164.)
P. 67. l. 2335 Provided that thou spare Benjamin. 2341 so e gret = so he
gret, so he wept. 2342 That all his face became wet of (with) tears. See l.
2356. 2354 sundri = on-sundri, apart. 2356 Ilc here, each of them.
P. 68. l. 2367 twinne srud, two changes of raiment. 2369 fif weden, five
garments. 2373 wið semes fest, with burdens loaded. 2380 He knew not
Page 309
who they were (on account of their princely garments). 2384 All Egypt in
his power is placed (fixed). 2390 or ic of werlde chare, ere I from the world
go (turn) = ere I die.
P. 69. l. 2399 derer, an error for derë = beloved. 2400 How many years are
on thee. 2403 fo = few; O.E. fowe. Cp. Northern fon, few, in Hampole's P.
of C. 2404 Although I have passed (suffered) them in woe. 2406 her vten
erd = here in foreign lands. See l. 2410. 2412 seli mel, good sustenance
(food). Cf. l. 1542. 2416 y-oten = y-hoten, called.
2427-31
So was it pleasing to him to be laid,
Where the Holy Ghost secretly had
said
To him and his elders, far ere
before,
Where Jesus Christ would be born,
And where be dead, and where be
buried.
P. 70. l. 2435 Or ðan = ere that.
2441-3
Joseph caused his body to be
honourably prepared (for
burial),
To be washed, richly anointed,
And with spices to be scented.
Smaken usually signifies to taste, savour, but here means to scent, to be
scented. Smac in the Owl and Night., 821, is used for scent, while in the
Ayenbite of Inwyt it has the sense of flavour.
his power is placed (fixed). 2390 or ic of werlde chare, ere I from the world
go (turn) = ere I die.
P. 69. l. 2399 derer, an error for derë = beloved. 2400 How many years are
on thee. 2403 fo = few; O.E. fowe. Cp. Northern fon, few, in Hampole's P.
of C. 2404 Although I have passed (suffered) them in woe. 2406 her vten
erd = here in foreign lands. See l. 2410. 2412 seli mel, good sustenance
(food). Cf. l. 1542. 2416 y-oten = y-hoten, called.
2427-31
So was it pleasing to him to be laid,
Where the Holy Ghost secretly had
said
To him and his elders, far ere
before,
Where Jesus Christ would be born,
And where be dead, and where be
buried.
P. 70. l. 2435 Or ðan = ere that.
2441-3
Joseph caused his body to be
honourably prepared (for
burial),
To be washed, richly anointed,
And with spices to be scented.
Smaken usually signifies to taste, savour, but here means to scent, to be
scented. Smac in the Owl and Night., 821, is used for scent, while in the
Ayenbite of Inwyt it has the sense of flavour.
Page 310
"Zalt yefþ smac to þe mete."
See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Smach.
2444-9
And Egypt's folk him bewaked,
Forty nights and forty days,
Such were Egypt's laws;
The first nine nights the bodies they
bathe,
And anoint, and shroud, and bewail
And watch them afterwards forty
nights.
2451-5
And Hebrew folk had a custom,
Not immediately to bury it with
iron,
But to wash it (the corpse) and keep
it right,
Without anointing, seven nights,
And afterwards (keep it) anointed
thirty days.
2452 yre = iron; O.E. ire, iren (Owl and Night. 1028). The form ize, iron, is
also met with in O.E. writers. (See Ayenbite, pp. 110, 133.) 2454 smerles,
ointment, belongs to the same class of words as feteles, a vessel, reckeles,
incense, etc. "þe smeryels ne is naȝt worþ to hele þe wonde ne non oþer
þing þer huile þet þet yzen is þerinne."—(Ayenbite, p. 174.)
2459-60
For truth and with good deeds,
See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Smach.
2444-9
And Egypt's folk him bewaked,
Forty nights and forty days,
Such were Egypt's laws;
The first nine nights the bodies they
bathe,
And anoint, and shroud, and bewail
And watch them afterwards forty
nights.
2451-5
And Hebrew folk had a custom,
Not immediately to bury it with
iron,
But to wash it (the corpse) and keep
it right,
Without anointing, seven nights,
And afterwards (keep it) anointed
thirty days.
2452 yre = iron; O.E. ire, iren (Owl and Night. 1028). The form ize, iron, is
also met with in O.E. writers. (See Ayenbite, pp. 110, 133.) 2454 smerles,
ointment, belongs to the same class of words as feteles, a vessel, reckeles,
incense, etc. "þe smeryels ne is naȝt worþ to hele þe wonde ne non oþer
þing þer huile þet þet yzen is þerinne."—(Ayenbite, p. 174.)
2459-60
For truth and with good deeds,
Page 311
Done is then all that watch-deed.
2460 wech-dede, vigils. 2463 And some every year as it happens or comes
round. 2465 Do for the dead church-going; chirche-gong = church-going.
"Þe gret cyte of Medes suþþe afure
he (William) sette,
Vor me (one) ne myȝte non chyrche
gong wyþ out lyȝte do."
—(R. of Gloucester, p. 380.)
2467 And that is instead of the vigils.
P. 71. l. 2472 daiges is evidently an error for laiges, laws. See l. 2456. 2479
wis of here[n], skilful in arms. 2487 ouer-pharan = ouer-faren, pass over or
beyond Pharan. 2488 in biriele don, put into the tomb. "And whanne Jhesus
hadde comen over the water at the cuntre of men of Genazereth, twey men
havynge develis runnen to him, goynge out fro birielis (tombs), ful feerse,
or wickid, so that no man miȝte passe by that way."—(Wicliffe, St. Matt.
viii. 28.) 2498 To beðen meðe, to supplicate for mercy; beðen may be an
error for beden, to entreat, bedden oc = beoden oth = to offer oath [of
obedience].
P. 72. l. 2505-12
"It shall," quoth he, "be fulfilled
What God before hath to our elders
sworn;
He shall lead you in his hand
Hence to that promised land;
For God's love I yet entreat you;
Perform it (my prayer) then,
promise it now
That my petition shall not be lost
(sight of);
2460 wech-dede, vigils. 2463 And some every year as it happens or comes
round. 2465 Do for the dead church-going; chirche-gong = church-going.
"Þe gret cyte of Medes suþþe afure
he (William) sette,
Vor me (one) ne myȝte non chyrche
gong wyþ out lyȝte do."
—(R. of Gloucester, p. 380.)
2467 And that is instead of the vigils.
P. 71. l. 2472 daiges is evidently an error for laiges, laws. See l. 2456. 2479
wis of here[n], skilful in arms. 2487 ouer-pharan = ouer-faren, pass over or
beyond Pharan. 2488 in biriele don, put into the tomb. "And whanne Jhesus
hadde comen over the water at the cuntre of men of Genazereth, twey men
havynge develis runnen to him, goynge out fro birielis (tombs), ful feerse,
or wickid, so that no man miȝte passe by that way."—(Wicliffe, St. Matt.
viii. 28.) 2498 To beðen meðe, to supplicate for mercy; beðen may be an
error for beden, to entreat, bedden oc = beoden oth = to offer oath [of
obedience].
P. 72. l. 2505-12
"It shall," quoth he, "be fulfilled
What God before hath to our elders
sworn;
He shall lead you in his hand
Hence to that promised land;
For God's love I yet entreat you;
Perform it (my prayer) then,
promise it now
That my petition shall not be lost
(sight of);
Page 312
With you let my bones be borne.
2510 Lested = lesteð, perform. 2514 God bring the soul into bliss. 2516
egipte-like, after the custom of the Egyptians. 2521 to ful in wis = to ful-
iwis, very full (completely), indeed. See l. 109. Orm uses the word fuliwis,
ful iwiss, fuliȝwiss, in the sense of certainly, truly. See Gloss. to Orm, s. v.
fuliwis. 2524 for lefful soules ned, for the need of faithful souls. 2528 May
God help him kindly (joyfully). For the meaning of weli see Gloss. to Allit.
Poems, s. v. wely. 2529 And preserve his soul from sorrow and tears. 2532
God grant them in his bliss to have pleasure; spilen signifies to sport, live
pleasantly.
"Þan was Uortigerne þa king
in Cantuarie-buri.
Þer he mid his hirede,
hæhliche spilede (nobly diverted
themselves)."
—(Laȝ. ii. 153.)
"dâ was spil unde wunne
under wîben unde manne.
vone benche ze benche
hiez man allûteren wîn scenchen:
Si spilten unde trunchan
unz in iz der slâf binam."
—(M.H.G. version of Genesis
and Exodus, ed.
Deimer.)
P. 73. l. 2544 hatel, severe, cruel. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Hatel.
2546 seli sið, prosperity. 2547 Quoth (spoke) this king with them, secretly,
in council. 2548 michil sped = great speed, rapidly. 2553 feten seems to be
an error for seten, made. 2555 vn-ðewed swinc, unaccustomed
(extraordinary) labour; vn-ðewed also signifies immoral, wicked. See Orm.
i. 74, Allit. Poems, B, l. 190. 2556 fugel = ful, foul, loathsome. 2560 They
caused them to creep along (or through) dikes; dikes = O.E. diches, may
2510 Lested = lesteð, perform. 2514 God bring the soul into bliss. 2516
egipte-like, after the custom of the Egyptians. 2521 to ful in wis = to ful-
iwis, very full (completely), indeed. See l. 109. Orm uses the word fuliwis,
ful iwiss, fuliȝwiss, in the sense of certainly, truly. See Gloss. to Orm, s. v.
fuliwis. 2524 for lefful soules ned, for the need of faithful souls. 2528 May
God help him kindly (joyfully). For the meaning of weli see Gloss. to Allit.
Poems, s. v. wely. 2529 And preserve his soul from sorrow and tears. 2532
God grant them in his bliss to have pleasure; spilen signifies to sport, live
pleasantly.
"Þan was Uortigerne þa king
in Cantuarie-buri.
Þer he mid his hirede,
hæhliche spilede (nobly diverted
themselves)."
—(Laȝ. ii. 153.)
"dâ was spil unde wunne
under wîben unde manne.
vone benche ze benche
hiez man allûteren wîn scenchen:
Si spilten unde trunchan
unz in iz der slâf binam."
—(M.H.G. version of Genesis
and Exodus, ed.
Deimer.)
P. 73. l. 2544 hatel, severe, cruel. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Hatel.
2546 seli sið, prosperity. 2547 Quoth (spoke) this king with them, secretly,
in council. 2548 michil sped = great speed, rapidly. 2553 feten seems to be
an error for seten, made. 2555 vn-ðewed swinc, unaccustomed
(extraordinary) labour; vn-ðewed also signifies immoral, wicked. See Orm.
i. 74, Allit. Poems, B, l. 190. 2556 fugel = ful, foul, loathsome. 2560 They
caused them to creep along (or through) dikes; dikes = O.E. diches, may
Page 313
here signify subterraneous passages, burrows; or perhaps dikes = sewers,
from the allusion to muc and fen. "And Jhesus said to him, Foxes han
dichis, or borowis, and briddis of the eir han nestis, but mannes sone hath
not where he reste his heued."-(Wicliffe, St. Matt. viii. 20.)
2561-2
And wide about (through) the cities
to go,
And come where none had been
before.
2564 comb, crest or top (?). 2567 ðhogen = ðogen, throve. See l. 2542.
P. 74. l. 2575 But they disobeyed from fear of God. 2578 They defended
themselves with lies.
2581-2
God requited it these women well,
On their homes, their wealth, a
happy time.
eddi sel is, literally, pleasant time, but may here denote prosperity, success,
etc. 2583 opelike = openlike, openly. 2588 Abraham is an error for Amram,
i.e. Amram was Moses' first name. 2590 dreful and bleð, sorrowful and
afraid; bleð. In A.Sax. bleað = gentle, slow; blæt = miserable; the S.Sax.
blæð = destitute, poor; bliðere, cowardlier. 2594 Nor could she take him
stealthily (secretly) of (from) the water; or stelen may signify to still, to
quiet. 2595 rigesses = rushes. Cf. Sc. reesk, reyss. 2596 terred = tarred,
pitched.
P. 75. l. 2609-10
from the allusion to muc and fen. "And Jhesus said to him, Foxes han
dichis, or borowis, and briddis of the eir han nestis, but mannes sone hath
not where he reste his heued."-(Wicliffe, St. Matt. viii. 20.)
2561-2
And wide about (through) the cities
to go,
And come where none had been
before.
2564 comb, crest or top (?). 2567 ðhogen = ðogen, throve. See l. 2542.
P. 74. l. 2575 But they disobeyed from fear of God. 2578 They defended
themselves with lies.
2581-2
God requited it these women well,
On their homes, their wealth, a
happy time.
eddi sel is, literally, pleasant time, but may here denote prosperity, success,
etc. 2583 opelike = openlike, openly. 2588 Abraham is an error for Amram,
i.e. Amram was Moses' first name. 2590 dreful and bleð, sorrowful and
afraid; bleð. In A.Sax. bleað = gentle, slow; blæt = miserable; the S.Sax.
blæð = destitute, poor; bliðere, cowardlier. 2594 Nor could she take him
stealthily (secretly) of (from) the water; or stelen may signify to still, to
quiet. 2595 rigesses = rushes. Cf. Sc. reesk, reyss. 2596 terred = tarred,
pitched.
P. 75. l. 2609-10
Page 314
God had such beauty him given,
That the very foes let him live.
2611-5
Egypt's women came near,
And bad her leave the child there,
But she took it away with a cry
(scream);
Of their command took she no
heed.
2613-4 he = ghe = she. It cannot be the plural he = they, for this would
require namen instead of nam. 2621 On whose teat (paps) he soon hath
seized. 2629 on sunes stede, instead of a son. See l. 2637. 2639 ayne [=
ane] stund, one minute. 2644 ðis timing = this occurrence, this timely
assistance.
P. 76. l. 2647-8
If help had not run between
This child had then soon been
killed.
2650-8 He said, "The child doth as he knows (i. e. acts according to the
extent of his knowledge); we shall now learn whether it did this wittingly,
or in childishness." He offered this child two burning coals, and he took
them; how was he able to bear it? and in his mouth so deep he placed them,
that his tongue's end is burnt therewith; therefore said the Hebrews truly
that he afterwards spake indistinctly. This legend is thus given in Lady
Eastlake's Life of Our Lord:—"Therefore when he (Moses) was three years
of age she (Thermutis) brought him to Pharaoh, who caressed him, and in
sport, put the crown on his head, when the child eagerly pulled it off, and
dashed it to the ground; for it is said that the crown was engraved within
with figures of idols, which Moses instinctively abominated.... Those
That the very foes let him live.
2611-5
Egypt's women came near,
And bad her leave the child there,
But she took it away with a cry
(scream);
Of their command took she no
heed.
2613-4 he = ghe = she. It cannot be the plural he = they, for this would
require namen instead of nam. 2621 On whose teat (paps) he soon hath
seized. 2629 on sunes stede, instead of a son. See l. 2637. 2639 ayne [=
ane] stund, one minute. 2644 ðis timing = this occurrence, this timely
assistance.
P. 76. l. 2647-8
If help had not run between
This child had then soon been
killed.
2650-8 He said, "The child doth as he knows (i. e. acts according to the
extent of his knowledge); we shall now learn whether it did this wittingly,
or in childishness." He offered this child two burning coals, and he took
them; how was he able to bear it? and in his mouth so deep he placed them,
that his tongue's end is burnt therewith; therefore said the Hebrews truly
that he afterwards spake indistinctly. This legend is thus given in Lady
Eastlake's Life of Our Lord:—"Therefore when he (Moses) was three years
of age she (Thermutis) brought him to Pharaoh, who caressed him, and in
sport, put the crown on his head, when the child eagerly pulled it off, and
dashed it to the ground; for it is said that the crown was engraved within
with figures of idols, which Moses instinctively abominated.... Those
Page 315
around Pharaoh looked upon it as a bad omen, and they counselled the king
that he should be slain; but another counsellor said that he should be
pardoned, because he was too young to know right from wrong; and a third
counsellor said, 'There is in this child something miraculous and
uncommon. Cause, therefore, a burning coal and a ruby ring to be set before
him; and if he take the ring it will show that he knows right from wrong,
and then let him be destroyed, lest he spoil the kingdom of Egypt. But if he
take up the burning coal, it will show that he is too young to know right
from wrong, and then let his life be spared.' Then the king said, 'Let the hot
burning coal and the king's signet ring (which was a large shining ruby) be
placed side by side, and we shall see what he will do.' And immediately the
child stretched out his hand to take the signet ring; but the angel Gabriel
(who instantly took the form of one of the attendants) turned his hand aside,
and the child Moses took up the burning coal, and put it to his mouth, and
his tongue was burnt therewith, so that he was unable afterwards to speak
distinctly, even to the end of his days." 2652 childhede; "ac zeþþe ich com
to elde of vol man, ich vorlet alle mine childhedes."—(Ayenbite, p. 208.)
2653 brennen = brennende, burning; to = two. 2654-5 is = them. 2658
miserlike = S.Sax. misliche, variously, differently; and, hence, thickly,
indistinctly. The form miser-like may be a corruption of the A.Sax. missen-
lic, dissimilar. Misliche in Owl and Nightingale, l. 1771, signifies
erroneously. 2662 b[i]leph = bi-lef, remained.
2665-8
By that time that he was a youth
(young man)
With (for) beauty and strength
renowned,
The Ethiopian folk on Egypt came,
And burnt, and slew, and vengeance
took.
2675-8
that he should be slain; but another counsellor said that he should be
pardoned, because he was too young to know right from wrong; and a third
counsellor said, 'There is in this child something miraculous and
uncommon. Cause, therefore, a burning coal and a ruby ring to be set before
him; and if he take the ring it will show that he knows right from wrong,
and then let him be destroyed, lest he spoil the kingdom of Egypt. But if he
take up the burning coal, it will show that he is too young to know right
from wrong, and then let his life be spared.' Then the king said, 'Let the hot
burning coal and the king's signet ring (which was a large shining ruby) be
placed side by side, and we shall see what he will do.' And immediately the
child stretched out his hand to take the signet ring; but the angel Gabriel
(who instantly took the form of one of the attendants) turned his hand aside,
and the child Moses took up the burning coal, and put it to his mouth, and
his tongue was burnt therewith, so that he was unable afterwards to speak
distinctly, even to the end of his days." 2652 childhede; "ac zeþþe ich com
to elde of vol man, ich vorlet alle mine childhedes."—(Ayenbite, p. 208.)
2653 brennen = brennende, burning; to = two. 2654-5 is = them. 2658
miserlike = S.Sax. misliche, variously, differently; and, hence, thickly,
indistinctly. The form miser-like may be a corruption of the A.Sax. missen-
lic, dissimilar. Misliche in Owl and Nightingale, l. 1771, signifies
erroneously. 2662 b[i]leph = bi-lef, remained.
2665-8
By that time that he was a youth
(young man)
With (for) beauty and strength
renowned,
The Ethiopian folk on Egypt came,
And burnt, and slew, and vengeance
took.
2675-8
Page 316
Teremuth scarcely might bring it
about (prevail)
That Moses shall with them forth-
go,
Ere she have her pledged and
sworn,
That to him shall be borne (kept)
honourable faith.
2676 hire, an error for hem, them. 2677 he = ghe = she. 2680 were (a
substantive from weren, to defend), a defender, protector. Cf. dere, harm,
from deren, to hurt.
P. 77. l. 2682 vn-warnede, unexpected. This enables us to correct the
reading unwarde in l. 480. 2688 ut-ðhurg = out-through, throughout. Cf.
O.E. ut-with, without, in-with, within, etc. 2696 Nevertheless that sojourn
was very distasteful to him. 2701 meten is the p.p. of mete, to measure.
2702 This causes remembrance, the other causes forgetfulness. 2703 He fest
is = he fixed them. 2704 Gave her the first gem; he was kind to her. Two
lines seem missing after this line. We might supply the following:—
And quan awei nimen [faren] he
wolde
Gaf hire ðe toðer, he was hire colde.
And when he would go away, he gave her the other gem, and was
distasteful to her. 2708 e = he. 2712 a modi stiward, a moody (proud)
steward. 2714 That seemed to Moses a great shame.
P. 78. ll. 2718-20
And secretly he buried him in the
sand,
He weened that no Egyptian
about (prevail)
That Moses shall with them forth-
go,
Ere she have her pledged and
sworn,
That to him shall be borne (kept)
honourable faith.
2676 hire, an error for hem, them. 2677 he = ghe = she. 2680 were (a
substantive from weren, to defend), a defender, protector. Cf. dere, harm,
from deren, to hurt.
P. 77. l. 2682 vn-warnede, unexpected. This enables us to correct the
reading unwarde in l. 480. 2688 ut-ðhurg = out-through, throughout. Cf.
O.E. ut-with, without, in-with, within, etc. 2696 Nevertheless that sojourn
was very distasteful to him. 2701 meten is the p.p. of mete, to measure.
2702 This causes remembrance, the other causes forgetfulness. 2703 He fest
is = he fixed them. 2704 Gave her the first gem; he was kind to her. Two
lines seem missing after this line. We might supply the following:—
And quan awei nimen [faren] he
wolde
Gaf hire ðe toðer, he was hire colde.
And when he would go away, he gave her the other gem, and was
distasteful to her. 2708 e = he. 2712 a modi stiward, a moody (proud)
steward. 2714 That seemed to Moses a great shame.
P. 78. ll. 2718-20
And secretly he buried him in the
sand,
He weened that no Egyptian
Page 317
Had known it, or should have seen
it.
2720 a sen may signify 'have seen.' Northumbrian ha, to have; but more
probably we should read a-sen, to see, the infinitive being required after
sulde, so that sulde a-sen = should see. In the Romans of King Alysaundre
asen occurs as the p.p. of a-see, to see. Cf. our modern words wake and
awake, rise and arise, etc. These double forms were far more common in
O.E. writers than in the modern stage of our language. 2727 And enquired
of him what it should mean. 2730 to rad, too hasty. 2736 his weige ðeðen
ches = chose (took) his way thence.
P. 79. l. 2757 ðewe and wursipe, courtesy and honour. 2758 estdede, kindly
deed (actions). (See Owl and Nightingale, l. 997.) Esste mete occurs in the
Ormulum for delicate meat (food), etc.
"Ac thar lond is bothe este and god."
—(Owl and Nightingale, p. 36,
l. 1029.)
2764 To wife in law he her took; in lage = in law, in marriage, is an early
use of a common phrase. 2769 And Moses had gone on a time. 2771 To
look after the condition of the herds. 2775 brennen = brennende. See l.
2653. 2776 And nevertheless green and whole remained. 2783 in min
geming, under my care (protection). 2788 milche, milk; queðen, to promise.
P. 80. l. 2789 an = in. 2790 on hond = on-hond, soon, speedily. Ger. in die
hand. (See Laȝ. vol. ii. pp. 96, 106, 251, 264.) 2792 to ðan, to that = for that
purpose. 2797 If he refuse it and be there-to contrary. 2803 to token, for a
token (sign). Cf. to wedde, for a pledge, etc. 2812 fer, sound, and hence
unfer (l. 2810), diseased. (See Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, l. 103;
Ormulum, i. 41, 153, 212.) 2815 get = pour (see l. 582). 2817 wanmol = un-
eloquent; wan occurs in O.E. wan-hope, despair; wan-trauthe, disbelief;
mol is the same as moal (speech) in l. 81, p. 3; vn-reken = un-ready, slow.
it.
2720 a sen may signify 'have seen.' Northumbrian ha, to have; but more
probably we should read a-sen, to see, the infinitive being required after
sulde, so that sulde a-sen = should see. In the Romans of King Alysaundre
asen occurs as the p.p. of a-see, to see. Cf. our modern words wake and
awake, rise and arise, etc. These double forms were far more common in
O.E. writers than in the modern stage of our language. 2727 And enquired
of him what it should mean. 2730 to rad, too hasty. 2736 his weige ðeðen
ches = chose (took) his way thence.
P. 79. l. 2757 ðewe and wursipe, courtesy and honour. 2758 estdede, kindly
deed (actions). (See Owl and Nightingale, l. 997.) Esste mete occurs in the
Ormulum for delicate meat (food), etc.
"Ac thar lond is bothe este and god."
—(Owl and Nightingale, p. 36,
l. 1029.)
2764 To wife in law he her took; in lage = in law, in marriage, is an early
use of a common phrase. 2769 And Moses had gone on a time. 2771 To
look after the condition of the herds. 2775 brennen = brennende. See l.
2653. 2776 And nevertheless green and whole remained. 2783 in min
geming, under my care (protection). 2788 milche, milk; queðen, to promise.
P. 80. l. 2789 an = in. 2790 on hond = on-hond, soon, speedily. Ger. in die
hand. (See Laȝ. vol. ii. pp. 96, 106, 251, 264.) 2792 to ðan, to that = for that
purpose. 2797 If he refuse it and be there-to contrary. 2803 to token, for a
token (sign). Cf. to wedde, for a pledge, etc. 2812 fer, sound, and hence
unfer (l. 2810), diseased. (See Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, l. 103;
Ormulum, i. 41, 153, 212.) 2815 get = pour (see l. 582). 2817 wanmol = un-
eloquent; wan occurs in O.E. wan-hope, despair; wan-trauthe, disbelief;
mol is the same as moal (speech) in l. 81, p. 3; vn-reken = un-ready, slow.
Page 318
(See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. reken.) 2822 Who made the blind, and who
the looking (seeing)? 2824 fultum, aid, assistance.
Þa cristine liðen after,
and heom on læiden,
& cleopeden Crist, godes sune,
beon heom a fultume.
The Christians pursued after,
and laid on them,
and called Christ, God's Son,
To be to them in aid (to help them).
—(Laȝ. ii. 264.)
P. 81. l. 2828 vnsteken, disclose. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Steke. 2830
Gunc = you two. See Orm. i. 301; ii. 98. 2831 funden; O.E. founde, to go,
occurs in Allit. Poems, p. 63, l. 903. 2834 of liues = alive. 2838 is werkes
len, reward of his works. 2845 feren swike, unfaithful companions, that is,
his two sons who were uncircumcised. he = they, refers to Moses and his
wife. 2847-50 Zipporah took this young lad, and made him to have
circumcision, and wept, and turned back frightened, and let Moses forth
alone proceed. 2855 Eyðer [h]ere = each of them. 2856 haueð is herte vt-
dragen = hath his heart out-drawn. Cf. our expression, to unbosom oneself,
with the Ger. sein herz anschütten.
P. 82. l. 2876-78
I defended so that thou wast
rescued,
And laboured, and great sorrow
endured,
Yet is it unseen (is it a secret) how I
accomplished it?
the looking (seeing)? 2824 fultum, aid, assistance.
Þa cristine liðen after,
and heom on læiden,
& cleopeden Crist, godes sune,
beon heom a fultume.
The Christians pursued after,
and laid on them,
and called Christ, God's Son,
To be to them in aid (to help them).
—(Laȝ. ii. 264.)
P. 81. l. 2828 vnsteken, disclose. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. Steke. 2830
Gunc = you two. See Orm. i. 301; ii. 98. 2831 funden; O.E. founde, to go,
occurs in Allit. Poems, p. 63, l. 903. 2834 of liues = alive. 2838 is werkes
len, reward of his works. 2845 feren swike, unfaithful companions, that is,
his two sons who were uncircumcised. he = they, refers to Moses and his
wife. 2847-50 Zipporah took this young lad, and made him to have
circumcision, and wept, and turned back frightened, and let Moses forth
alone proceed. 2855 Eyðer [h]ere = each of them. 2856 haueð is herte vt-
dragen = hath his heart out-drawn. Cf. our expression, to unbosom oneself,
with the Ger. sein herz anschütten.
P. 82. l. 2876-78
I defended so that thou wast
rescued,
And laboured, and great sorrow
endured,
Yet is it unseen (is it a secret) how I
accomplished it?
Page 319
2882 hidel-like (= hidingly), secretly. Cf. O.E. hidel, a hiding place (Ps.
xxvi. 5). 2890 to gode, for good, gratuitously. 2891-2 And yet they hold
(keep up) the number of the tiles (bricks), and knead and bake (them), great
and small. 2894 And to God he made his complaint (bemoaning).
P. 83. l. 2900 ðhunerg = ðuner; O.E. thoner, thunder. 2903 Min milche
witter name may signify (1) my great wise name, or (2) my merciful wise
name. In (1) milche = michel = mikel, great; but in (2) it = milce, mild,
merciful. See l. 3603. 2918 Iglic = uglic, ugly, horrible. 2919 wiches kire,
select (choice) witches. 2920 in sowles lire, in soul's loss. 2926 And the
heads of them all he bit off.
P. 84. l. 2934 wit = we two. See Orm. vii. 73, H. i. 4, 300. 2935-6 This king
himself is very bitter against this folk, and of heart hard. 2938 And try
better with this token. 2947 trike, a rivulet, small stream, evidently
connected with the verb trick-le. 2951 wreche = wreke, vengeance, plague.
Cf. michel and mikel, dike and diche, etc. 2957 bot = boot, release,
deliverance, is connected with O.E. bete, to amend, to alleviate. 2962 bi-
tournen = biturnen, turn, change.
P. 85. l. 2969 froskes here = host of frogs.
2977-8
Pole-heads (tadpoles) and frogs,
and sport of podes (toads),
Bound hard Egypt's wretched folk.
in sile = vn-sile = vn-sele, miserable, wretched. Stratmann says that sile =
sele, epirhedium. Polheuedes (Provincial Eng. pole-head), a tadpole.
Palsgrave has polet. Polly-wigs, tadpoles. "Tadpoles, pole-wigges, young
frogs." (Florio, p. 212.) Pol-wygle, wyrme, occurs in the Prompt. Parv.
(Hall.); pode = Prov. E. pode, paddock, a toad (Shakespeare); W. Prov. E.
padstool = toadstool. (See King Alis. 6124.)
xxvi. 5). 2890 to gode, for good, gratuitously. 2891-2 And yet they hold
(keep up) the number of the tiles (bricks), and knead and bake (them), great
and small. 2894 And to God he made his complaint (bemoaning).
P. 83. l. 2900 ðhunerg = ðuner; O.E. thoner, thunder. 2903 Min milche
witter name may signify (1) my great wise name, or (2) my merciful wise
name. In (1) milche = michel = mikel, great; but in (2) it = milce, mild,
merciful. See l. 3603. 2918 Iglic = uglic, ugly, horrible. 2919 wiches kire,
select (choice) witches. 2920 in sowles lire, in soul's loss. 2926 And the
heads of them all he bit off.
P. 84. l. 2934 wit = we two. See Orm. vii. 73, H. i. 4, 300. 2935-6 This king
himself is very bitter against this folk, and of heart hard. 2938 And try
better with this token. 2947 trike, a rivulet, small stream, evidently
connected with the verb trick-le. 2951 wreche = wreke, vengeance, plague.
Cf. michel and mikel, dike and diche, etc. 2957 bot = boot, release,
deliverance, is connected with O.E. bete, to amend, to alleviate. 2962 bi-
tournen = biturnen, turn, change.
P. 85. l. 2969 froskes here = host of frogs.
2977-8
Pole-heads (tadpoles) and frogs,
and sport of podes (toads),
Bound hard Egypt's wretched folk.
in sile = vn-sile = vn-sele, miserable, wretched. Stratmann says that sile =
sele, epirhedium. Polheuedes (Provincial Eng. pole-head), a tadpole.
Palsgrave has polet. Polly-wigs, tadpoles. "Tadpoles, pole-wigges, young
frogs." (Florio, p. 212.) Pol-wygle, wyrme, occurs in the Prompt. Parv.
(Hall.); pode = Prov. E. pode, paddock, a toad (Shakespeare); W. Prov. E.
padstool = toadstool. (See King Alis. 6124.)
Page 320
"ðare nakyn best of wenym may
Lywe, or lest atoure a day;
As ask, or eddyre, táde or pade,
Suppos þat þai be þiddyr hade."—
(Wyntown, i. p. 15.)
2988 up-wond = up-went, but literally up-wound. 2989 on bite, in their bite.
2990 smite, a blight, plague.
P. 86. l. 3011 bad meðe, entreated for mercy. 3013 wroð = worð = wurð,
became. 3014 And broke them that promise (see l. 3062). 3027 dolc = O.E.
dolg, wound, ulcer. O.E. dolc = pin, tongue. 3037 ðe to un-frame, to thy
sorrow.
P. 87. l. 3045 al sir = all sheer, clearly, openly. 3047 vnghere may be an
error for undere = badly, or, what is more probable, for vngere = unready,
unexpectedly, gere being the same as gare, yare, ready, prepared. 3048
bergles = unprotected, shelterless, from bergen, to protect.
3055-6
Moses, cause this weather to turn,
And I shall let you out fare (go).
3058 vnweder, storm. See ll. 3059, 3061. Weder in O.E. is often used for a
tempest, storm. See Ywaine and Gawin, 411; Wyntown, i. 387; Romaunt of
the Rose, 72, 4302. atwond, departed = away-wound, or away winded. Cf.
at in at-wot, departed, p. 30, l. 1049. 3065 gresseopp-e, grasshopp-e-r,
locust. Cf. O.E. hunt-e, a hunt-e-r, etc.
"And to lefe-worm þar fruit gaf he,
And þar swynkes (labours) to gress-
hope to be."
—(Ps. lxxvii. 46.)
Lywe, or lest atoure a day;
As ask, or eddyre, táde or pade,
Suppos þat þai be þiddyr hade."—
(Wyntown, i. p. 15.)
2988 up-wond = up-went, but literally up-wound. 2989 on bite, in their bite.
2990 smite, a blight, plague.
P. 86. l. 3011 bad meðe, entreated for mercy. 3013 wroð = worð = wurð,
became. 3014 And broke them that promise (see l. 3062). 3027 dolc = O.E.
dolg, wound, ulcer. O.E. dolc = pin, tongue. 3037 ðe to un-frame, to thy
sorrow.
P. 87. l. 3045 al sir = all sheer, clearly, openly. 3047 vnghere may be an
error for undere = badly, or, what is more probable, for vngere = unready,
unexpectedly, gere being the same as gare, yare, ready, prepared. 3048
bergles = unprotected, shelterless, from bergen, to protect.
3055-6
Moses, cause this weather to turn,
And I shall let you out fare (go).
3058 vnweder, storm. See ll. 3059, 3061. Weder in O.E. is often used for a
tempest, storm. See Ywaine and Gawin, 411; Wyntown, i. 387; Romaunt of
the Rose, 72, 4302. atwond, departed = away-wound, or away winded. Cf.
at in at-wot, departed, p. 30, l. 1049. 3065 gresseopp-e, grasshopp-e-r,
locust. Cf. O.E. hunt-e, a hunt-e-r, etc.
"And to lefe-worm þar fruit gaf he,
And þar swynkes (labours) to gress-
hope to be."
—(Ps. lxxvii. 46.)
Page 321
3066 And what the hail then left (untouched) shall all be consumed.
P. 88. l. 3075 but, without exception (?). 3077 Hu = how? 3080 Erewhile
alone of men was leave besought. 3086 an newe figt, in a new conflict.
3087 skipperes, the grasshoppers. See l. 3096, where opperes is similarly
used. 3088 They did on grass and corn injuries. 3102 ðherknesse =
derknesse, darkness, is a genuine form, and occurs in the Coventry
Mysteries:—"Therknesse, or derknesse, tenebre, caligo."—(Prompt. Parv.)
3105 Many there suffered sorrow in life; bead = abead, suffered. 3108
sowen = sogen, saw. See l. 3329.
P. 89. l. 3111 boden = both. See bothen in Glossary to Morte Arthure, ed. E.
Brock. 3120 Death shall be avenged over you.
3123-6
Said God, "Yet I shall on Pharaoh,
Ere ye go out, put a plague
(Now I shall into Egypt go)—
Such a plague was never any
before."
3131-2
I shall not fail you
Of what I have promised you.
3139 Every house-folk (family) that may permit of it.
3141-3
The tenth day it should be taken,
And kept on the tenth night,
And slain on the fourteenth day.
P. 88. l. 3075 but, without exception (?). 3077 Hu = how? 3080 Erewhile
alone of men was leave besought. 3086 an newe figt, in a new conflict.
3087 skipperes, the grasshoppers. See l. 3096, where opperes is similarly
used. 3088 They did on grass and corn injuries. 3102 ðherknesse =
derknesse, darkness, is a genuine form, and occurs in the Coventry
Mysteries:—"Therknesse, or derknesse, tenebre, caligo."—(Prompt. Parv.)
3105 Many there suffered sorrow in life; bead = abead, suffered. 3108
sowen = sogen, saw. See l. 3329.
P. 89. l. 3111 boden = both. See bothen in Glossary to Morte Arthure, ed. E.
Brock. 3120 Death shall be avenged over you.
3123-6
Said God, "Yet I shall on Pharaoh,
Ere ye go out, put a plague
(Now I shall into Egypt go)—
Such a plague was never any
before."
3131-2
I shall not fail you
Of what I have promised you.
3139 Every house-folk (family) that may permit of it.
3141-3
The tenth day it should be taken,
And kept on the tenth night,
And slain on the fourteenth day.
Page 322
3144 so it noten mai, as may partake of it; noten = O.E. note, naite, to make
use of, enjoy, eat.
P. 90. l. 3147 bred = O.E. brad, roasted. (See Sir Gawayne and the Green
Knight, l. 891.) 3148 wreken, taken, thrown out. "God nele naȝt þet me
make, his hous marcat ne boþe, huerout he wrek þo þet zyalde and boȝte in
þe temple."—(Ayenbite, p. 172.) 3150 his owen fond, his own wants (need).
3153 wriðel; can it mean haste? (see Ex. xii. 11.) At first sight it seems to
be a derivative of wirt (by metathesis writ), an herb; but the mention of rew
mete[n] in l. 3151 renders this rather doubtful. 3154 bi-leuen, the
remainder. O.E. lave, leve, the remainder. 3155 dure-tren = door-trees,
posts.
"For James the gentile
Jugged in hise bokes
That feith withouten the feet
Is right nothyng worthi
And as ded as a dore-tre
But if the dedes folwe."
—(Piers Ploughman, 833.)
uuerslagen = overslagen, ouerslage, over-piece, lintel. "Ovyrslay of a
doore. superliminare."—(Prompt. Parv.) 3172 For their toil they now have
hire.
P. 91. l. 3206 fro = for, on account of. 3211 stunden does not mean stood,
but is a vb. (formed from the sb. stund, a stound, a short space of time)
signifying to delay awhile, to wait. 3212 How Pharaoh should act toward
them. 3213 Pharaoh summoned (assembled) out his army; bannen = to call
to arms.
"Þa bleou Brutus
& bonnede [bannede] his ferde."
Then blew Brutus his horn
use of, enjoy, eat.
P. 90. l. 3147 bred = O.E. brad, roasted. (See Sir Gawayne and the Green
Knight, l. 891.) 3148 wreken, taken, thrown out. "God nele naȝt þet me
make, his hous marcat ne boþe, huerout he wrek þo þet zyalde and boȝte in
þe temple."—(Ayenbite, p. 172.) 3150 his owen fond, his own wants (need).
3153 wriðel; can it mean haste? (see Ex. xii. 11.) At first sight it seems to
be a derivative of wirt (by metathesis writ), an herb; but the mention of rew
mete[n] in l. 3151 renders this rather doubtful. 3154 bi-leuen, the
remainder. O.E. lave, leve, the remainder. 3155 dure-tren = door-trees,
posts.
"For James the gentile
Jugged in hise bokes
That feith withouten the feet
Is right nothyng worthi
And as ded as a dore-tre
But if the dedes folwe."
—(Piers Ploughman, 833.)
uuerslagen = overslagen, ouerslage, over-piece, lintel. "Ovyrslay of a
doore. superliminare."—(Prompt. Parv.) 3172 For their toil they now have
hire.
P. 91. l. 3206 fro = for, on account of. 3211 stunden does not mean stood,
but is a vb. (formed from the sb. stund, a stound, a short space of time)
signifying to delay awhile, to wait. 3212 How Pharaoh should act toward
them. 3213 Pharaoh summoned (assembled) out his army; bannen = to call
to arms.
"Þa bleou Brutus
& bonnede [bannede] his ferde."
Then blew Brutus his horn
Page 323
And assembled his forces.
—(Laȝ. i. 75.)
3218 of fote ren = swift of foot.
P. 92. l. 3220 to werchen wi, to work war, to make war upon. 3224 ne gate =
no gate, no ways; gate is often used by Northern writers as an affix = -wise
or -ways; as al-gate, thus-gate, etc. 3230 On (against) Moses they set up a
cry. 3234 Supply don after gu. 3235 dregen wið skil, endure with patience.
3240 That for you ways (paths) may be well prepared.
P. 93. l. 3255 an skige, a cloud. Cf. Milton's 'sky-tinctured' (Paradise Lost,
Book V.).
"..... it ne left not a skie
In al the welkin long and brode."
—(House of Fame, iii. 508-
511.)
3264 daiening = daigening, dawning. 3271 in twired wen, in perplexing
doubt; twired signifies two-fold (doubtful) counsel.
"and [Bruttes] duden swiðe vnwraste
...... alle his haste,
and weoren alle twiræde."
And Brutus did very evilly
all his behests,
and all were of two counsels.
—(Laȝ. ii. 392.)
3274 helden, an error for holden. 3275 a morgen quile, a morrow while, a
minute. 3282 weken seems to be an error for wreken, taken (see l. 3148.)
—(Laȝ. i. 75.)
3218 of fote ren = swift of foot.
P. 92. l. 3220 to werchen wi, to work war, to make war upon. 3224 ne gate =
no gate, no ways; gate is often used by Northern writers as an affix = -wise
or -ways; as al-gate, thus-gate, etc. 3230 On (against) Moses they set up a
cry. 3234 Supply don after gu. 3235 dregen wið skil, endure with patience.
3240 That for you ways (paths) may be well prepared.
P. 93. l. 3255 an skige, a cloud. Cf. Milton's 'sky-tinctured' (Paradise Lost,
Book V.).
"..... it ne left not a skie
In al the welkin long and brode."
—(House of Fame, iii. 508-
511.)
3264 daiening = daigening, dawning. 3271 in twired wen, in perplexing
doubt; twired signifies two-fold (doubtful) counsel.
"and [Bruttes] duden swiðe vnwraste
...... alle his haste,
and weoren alle twiræde."
And Brutus did very evilly
all his behests,
and all were of two counsels.
—(Laȝ. ii. 392.)
3274 helden, an error for holden. 3275 a morgen quile, a morrow while, a
minute. 3282 weken seems to be an error for wreken, taken (see l. 3148.)
Page 324
P. 94. l. 3292 pert = apert, open, clear. 3300 wlath, the reading of the MS.,
= lað, loathsome. But wlach = brackish, properly warm; cp. luke-warm.
3301 a funden (discovered) trew = a tree which he found. 3310 bred
wantede, bread failed.
3315
Bet us were in egipte ben,
It were better for us in Egypt to be.
3319 on-dreg = 'bear up,' endure patiently. 3324 so fele so, as many as.
P. 95. l. 3327 ðis dewes cost, the nature of this dew. For the meaning of cost
see O.E. Miscell., pp. 12, 25; Allit. Poems, p. 66; Chaucer's Knight's Tale.
3328 rim frost = rime frost, hoar frost. 3338 for-hadede. Read ? for-
hardede, hardened. 3340 That it gave a flavour of honey and oil. 3341
forbone mor, more than was bidden; forbone may be an error for forbode,
prohibition, command; or we may read (and the MS. will admit of it)
forboue, above. Cf. bi and for-bi, etc. 3345 Kept it apart in a clean place.
3348 vten leð = in a foreign land; withouten let = without cessation. 3353
Soon was that water wanting to them. 3354 MS. haue; the rhyme requires
hane; ðrist hane signifies torment of thirst.
P. 96. l. 3378 here ðing, their affairs. 3381 Moses prayed for the folk of
Israel. 3385 For leth is read let his. 3388 They supported them with a stone.
3393 bode seems wanting after sente. 3394 Of this occurrence to have a
memorial.
P. 97. l. 3398 min blis. Jehovah-nissi is generally explained as "The Lord is
my banner." 3410 stering, government, rule; stere in ll. 3418, 3420, rule;
steres, rulers, ll. 3413, 3415; steres-men, rulers, ll. 3417, 3429. 3412 a
meister wold, a master (head) ruler, the same as ouer-man, l. 3424. 3413
tgen = tyen, ten. See l. 3418. 3414 Ilc here, each of them. 3429-32 He bad
them choose rulers, mighty, who are God-fearing, truth-loving, and who
= lað, loathsome. But wlach = brackish, properly warm; cp. luke-warm.
3301 a funden (discovered) trew = a tree which he found. 3310 bred
wantede, bread failed.
3315
Bet us were in egipte ben,
It were better for us in Egypt to be.
3319 on-dreg = 'bear up,' endure patiently. 3324 so fele so, as many as.
P. 95. l. 3327 ðis dewes cost, the nature of this dew. For the meaning of cost
see O.E. Miscell., pp. 12, 25; Allit. Poems, p. 66; Chaucer's Knight's Tale.
3328 rim frost = rime frost, hoar frost. 3338 for-hadede. Read ? for-
hardede, hardened. 3340 That it gave a flavour of honey and oil. 3341
forbone mor, more than was bidden; forbone may be an error for forbode,
prohibition, command; or we may read (and the MS. will admit of it)
forboue, above. Cf. bi and for-bi, etc. 3345 Kept it apart in a clean place.
3348 vten leð = in a foreign land; withouten let = without cessation. 3353
Soon was that water wanting to them. 3354 MS. haue; the rhyme requires
hane; ðrist hane signifies torment of thirst.
P. 96. l. 3378 here ðing, their affairs. 3381 Moses prayed for the folk of
Israel. 3385 For leth is read let his. 3388 They supported them with a stone.
3393 bode seems wanting after sente. 3394 Of this occurrence to have a
memorial.
P. 97. l. 3398 min blis. Jehovah-nissi is generally explained as "The Lord is
my banner." 3410 stering, government, rule; stere in ll. 3418, 3420, rule;
steres, rulers, ll. 3413, 3415; steres-men, rulers, ll. 3417, 3429. 3412 a
meister wold, a master (head) ruler, the same as ouer-man, l. 3424. 3413
tgen = tyen, ten. See l. 3418. 3414 Ilc here, each of them. 3429-32 He bad
them choose rulers, mighty, who are God-fearing, truth-loving, and who
Page 325
strife and covetousness forsake. 3432 niðing signifies not only strife, but
niggardliness, wickedness, slaughter, etc. O.E. writers usually employ the
word in the sense of a coward, villain, miser, etc.
P. 98. l. 3434 And willingly (gladly) he received (accepted) it. 3438 is
numen, has gone. 3448 May we not read Ic wile min folc cnowen be = I will
be known to my people?
3449-51
And Moses told this to Israel,
And they promised him every whit
What he biddeth them they will do.
3453 ðis to daiges = these two days. 3458 wið goren dragen = pierced with
darts.
"heo beoren on heore honde
gares [speres], swiðe stronge."
—(Laȝ. iii. 44.)
3459-60
These people fearful thus abode,
While these days forth have passed.
3462 Spile, ravage, destruction (see l. 2977). 3463 On this mount stood a
cloud's shadow; and = an = a (see l. 3475).
P. 99. l. 3471-84 Each of you bear in mind, that it is not Moses, Amram's
son, whom ye shall to-day hear speak, but He who slew Egypt (you for to
avenge), and a path made in the sea; and who let Adam discover the tree
which preserved Noah, and led Abraham out into the land of Canaan; who
caused Isaac to be begotten of old Abraham and of Sarah (of old teats); who
niggardliness, wickedness, slaughter, etc. O.E. writers usually employ the
word in the sense of a coward, villain, miser, etc.
P. 98. l. 3434 And willingly (gladly) he received (accepted) it. 3438 is
numen, has gone. 3448 May we not read Ic wile min folc cnowen be = I will
be known to my people?
3449-51
And Moses told this to Israel,
And they promised him every whit
What he biddeth them they will do.
3453 ðis to daiges = these two days. 3458 wið goren dragen = pierced with
darts.
"heo beoren on heore honde
gares [speres], swiðe stronge."
—(Laȝ. iii. 44.)
3459-60
These people fearful thus abode,
While these days forth have passed.
3462 Spile, ravage, destruction (see l. 2977). 3463 On this mount stood a
cloud's shadow; and = an = a (see l. 3475).
P. 99. l. 3471-84 Each of you bear in mind, that it is not Moses, Amram's
son, whom ye shall to-day hear speak, but He who slew Egypt (you for to
avenge), and a path made in the sea; and who let Adam discover the tree
which preserved Noah, and led Abraham out into the land of Canaan; who
caused Isaac to be begotten of old Abraham and of Sarah (of old teats); who
Page 326
gave Isaac (Jacob?) so many sons, and who gave Joseph such rich gifts
(abilities); let His word be to you as precious as life, dearer than either child
or wife.
3488-9
None might go further except Nun,
And also his brother Aaron.
3489 on = one. It may be an error for oc = also. 3496 My vengeance is
severe, my forbearance is long. 3497 in idel, in vain; idel in O.E. signifies
empty, void. 3498-3500 Nor swear it lyingly to defile in sport, Nor let thou
my honour be lost in the fiend's tempting (i. e. in yielding to the devil's
advice).
P. 100. l. 3508 for truke of = for failure of, for want of. 3515 Covet not thy
neighbour's thing. 3518 Thou losest everlasting bliss. 3519 figeren = fiyeren
= feren, afar. 3533 nemeld = nemend = nemned, named, appointed (?).
P. 101. l. 3545-6 That mad folk there of day brought Hur (i. e. put Hur to
death) and put Aaron in fear; 'to don of dawe' = to bringen of dage = put to
death. (See Legend of St. Beket, l. 622; Allit. Poems, p. 9, l. 282.)
"For quen the childe es born, sal I
Do it of daw sa priuely,
That na wiht sal the squeling here,
And delf it sithen in our herbere."—
(Met. Hom. p. 167.)
P. 102. l. 3573 for gode is frequently employed by Chaucer. 3574 It is a
song wicked and foolish.
3581-2
(abilities); let His word be to you as precious as life, dearer than either child
or wife.
3488-9
None might go further except Nun,
And also his brother Aaron.
3489 on = one. It may be an error for oc = also. 3496 My vengeance is
severe, my forbearance is long. 3497 in idel, in vain; idel in O.E. signifies
empty, void. 3498-3500 Nor swear it lyingly to defile in sport, Nor let thou
my honour be lost in the fiend's tempting (i. e. in yielding to the devil's
advice).
P. 100. l. 3508 for truke of = for failure of, for want of. 3515 Covet not thy
neighbour's thing. 3518 Thou losest everlasting bliss. 3519 figeren = fiyeren
= feren, afar. 3533 nemeld = nemend = nemned, named, appointed (?).
P. 101. l. 3545-6 That mad folk there of day brought Hur (i. e. put Hur to
death) and put Aaron in fear; 'to don of dawe' = to bringen of dage = put to
death. (See Legend of St. Beket, l. 622; Allit. Poems, p. 9, l. 282.)
"For quen the childe es born, sal I
Do it of daw sa priuely,
That na wiht sal the squeling here,
And delf it sithen in our herbere."—
(Met. Hom. p. 167.)
P. 102. l. 3573 for gode is frequently employed by Chaucer. 3574 It is a
song wicked and foolish.
3581-2
Page 327
And mixed it in the water and
poured it off,
And gave that folk that draff (dregs)
to drink.
Cf. O.E. draff, chaff. "Draffe or drosse, or mater stampyd, pilumen."
(Prompt. Parv.) Cf. "draf-sak." (Chaucer.)
3583-4
Then wist he well who had done it
(committed idolatry),
Seen it (the dregs) was on their
beards.
3603 milche moð = milce mod, mild (merciful) mood.
3605-6
God answered, "Off shall I take
them,
Who are not worthy to be placed
thereon."
3607 min engel on, my angel alone.
P. 103. l. 3611 to pligt, for their sin. 3614 And as sun-beam bright shone his
features. 3624 wið witter dragt, with skilful device. 3626 And their labour
they well apply. 3635 of lore wal, of choice lore. 3637 betten = beten,
amend, from bet, better. 3640 Ere they from Sinai forth have passed. 3642
ðe oðer, the second.
P. 104. l. 3647 This folk has after pleasure gone. 3653 Moses caused it to
cease with his prayer. See note on blissen, p. 182. 3658 for-hirked = for-
poured it off,
And gave that folk that draff (dregs)
to drink.
Cf. O.E. draff, chaff. "Draffe or drosse, or mater stampyd, pilumen."
(Prompt. Parv.) Cf. "draf-sak." (Chaucer.)
3583-4
Then wist he well who had done it
(committed idolatry),
Seen it (the dregs) was on their
beards.
3603 milche moð = milce mod, mild (merciful) mood.
3605-6
God answered, "Off shall I take
them,
Who are not worthy to be placed
thereon."
3607 min engel on, my angel alone.
P. 103. l. 3611 to pligt, for their sin. 3614 And as sun-beam bright shone his
features. 3624 wið witter dragt, with skilful device. 3626 And their labour
they well apply. 3635 of lore wal, of choice lore. 3637 betten = beten,
amend, from bet, better. 3640 Ere they from Sinai forth have passed. 3642
ðe oðer, the second.
P. 104. l. 3647 This folk has after pleasure gone. 3653 Moses caused it to
cease with his prayer. See note on blissen, p. 182. 3658 for-hirked = for-
Page 328
irked, tired. 3661 Loruerd = louerd, lord. 3664 Thou shalt cause me quickly
to suffer death. 3676 And brought a great mint of quails; but turles = turtles,
doves. See Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 181.
P. 105. l. 3688 There became Miriam somewhat foolish; soth = sott, a fool
(see l. 3685). 3710 A bunch of grapes on a long pole; O.E. cowele, cowle, a
coop, tub, etc.; Prov. E. cowl; cuuel-staf signifies the staff or pole upon
which the people carried their kneading troughs. This interpretation is
supported by the form cowle-tre or soo-tree. Falanga, vectatorium. (Prompt.
Parv.) "Phalanga est hasta, vel quidam baculus ad portandas cupas, Anglice
a stang, or a culstaffe."—(Ortus.) "Courge, a stang, pale-staffe, or cole-
staffe, carried on the shoulder, and notched for the hanging of a pale at both
ends."—(Cotgrave.) In Caxton's Mirrour of the World, c. 10, A.D. 1481, it is
related that in Ynde "the clusters of grapes ben so grete and so fulle of
muste, that two men ben gretly charged to bere one of them only upon a
cole-staff." In Hoole's translation of the Orbis sensualium, by Comenius,
1658, is given a representation of the cole-staff (ærumna), used for bearing
a burden between two persons, p. 135; and again, at p. 113, where it appears
as used by brewers to carry to the cellar the new-made beer in "soes," or
tubs with two handles (labra), called also cowls. In Brand's "Popular
Antiquities," ii. 107, will be found an account of the local custom of riding
the cowl-staff or stang (Way in Prompt. Parv.)
P. 106. l. 3721 swerdes slagen, slain of (with) sword. 3723 loder-man =
lodesman, leader. A leader we will choose (take); sen = bi-sen. 3730 If
Moses were not opposed there-to. 3732 milche = milce, mercy, pity. See l.
3728, where the correct form occurs. 3740 Their righteousness was pleasing
to God. 3742 sorwes dere = sorrow's hurt.
3745-6
Again (backwards) they made their
course,
As that cloud had taught.
to suffer death. 3676 And brought a great mint of quails; but turles = turtles,
doves. See Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 181.
P. 105. l. 3688 There became Miriam somewhat foolish; soth = sott, a fool
(see l. 3685). 3710 A bunch of grapes on a long pole; O.E. cowele, cowle, a
coop, tub, etc.; Prov. E. cowl; cuuel-staf signifies the staff or pole upon
which the people carried their kneading troughs. This interpretation is
supported by the form cowle-tre or soo-tree. Falanga, vectatorium. (Prompt.
Parv.) "Phalanga est hasta, vel quidam baculus ad portandas cupas, Anglice
a stang, or a culstaffe."—(Ortus.) "Courge, a stang, pale-staffe, or cole-
staffe, carried on the shoulder, and notched for the hanging of a pale at both
ends."—(Cotgrave.) In Caxton's Mirrour of the World, c. 10, A.D. 1481, it is
related that in Ynde "the clusters of grapes ben so grete and so fulle of
muste, that two men ben gretly charged to bere one of them only upon a
cole-staff." In Hoole's translation of the Orbis sensualium, by Comenius,
1658, is given a representation of the cole-staff (ærumna), used for bearing
a burden between two persons, p. 135; and again, at p. 113, where it appears
as used by brewers to carry to the cellar the new-made beer in "soes," or
tubs with two handles (labra), called also cowls. In Brand's "Popular
Antiquities," ii. 107, will be found an account of the local custom of riding
the cowl-staff or stang (Way in Prompt. Parv.)
P. 106. l. 3721 swerdes slagen, slain of (with) sword. 3723 loder-man =
lodesman, leader. A leader we will choose (take); sen = bi-sen. 3730 If
Moses were not opposed there-to. 3732 milche = milce, mercy, pity. See l.
3728, where the correct form occurs. 3740 Their righteousness was pleasing
to God. 3742 sorwes dere = sorrow's hurt.
3745-6
Again (backwards) they made their
course,
As that cloud had taught.
Page 329
P. 107. l. 3755 migtful qualifies meistres in l. 3756. 3760-61 ilc gure, each
of you. Cf. quilc gure, which of you, l. 3764. 3761 reklefat, incense vat, the
vessel holding the incense, censer. See Orm. i. 2, 35, 58. 3762 timinge
seems to be an error for time ge, wait ye. 3767 orgel pride, arrogant pride.
Cf. orrȝhellmod, pride (Orm. i. 216). "Ichabbe isehen his ouergart, ant his
egede orhel ferliche afallet."—(St. Marh. p. 11.) I have seen his
presumption and his arrogance fearfully felled. 3770 Instead of the reading
in the text substitute the following: Moyses, and vt ne wulde gon; vr seems
to be an error for vt = out. See Numbers xvi. 12. 3774 Held up neither stone
nor grit. I do not think ston ne gret = strong ne gret = strong nor great.
3777-80
Such destruction they have
unexpectedly
No man need labour to bury them
This earth is together closed
As it were never ere broken up.
3786 fieres swaðe, flame (burning) of fire.
P. 108. l. 3796 There hath a cloud them well girded. 3802 Ran and stood
between the living and the dead; tiren seems, from the way it is written in
the MS., to be an error for tuen = twen, between. 3807-14 Though this folk,
much frightened, remained quiet for a time, nevertheless they are yet in
diverse counsels (i. e. of conflicting opinions). Moreover, they vacillate in
purpose, and think that it may be decided better. Though these burnt (i. e.
those destroyed by fire) are refused, yet they ween that God shall take of the
twelve tribes some more to be in the place of those whom he had despised
(rejected). miðe is the pret. subj. of miðen = A.S. míðan (pret. mád, pl.
midon; pret. subj. mide), to lie hid, to avoid, omit, hide, dissemble. 3809
aglen = aylen = ail, become weak or foolish. 3814 for-hugede, despised,
rejected.
"Ah Gurmund hit for-hoȝede
of you. Cf. quilc gure, which of you, l. 3764. 3761 reklefat, incense vat, the
vessel holding the incense, censer. See Orm. i. 2, 35, 58. 3762 timinge
seems to be an error for time ge, wait ye. 3767 orgel pride, arrogant pride.
Cf. orrȝhellmod, pride (Orm. i. 216). "Ichabbe isehen his ouergart, ant his
egede orhel ferliche afallet."—(St. Marh. p. 11.) I have seen his
presumption and his arrogance fearfully felled. 3770 Instead of the reading
in the text substitute the following: Moyses, and vt ne wulde gon; vr seems
to be an error for vt = out. See Numbers xvi. 12. 3774 Held up neither stone
nor grit. I do not think ston ne gret = strong ne gret = strong nor great.
3777-80
Such destruction they have
unexpectedly
No man need labour to bury them
This earth is together closed
As it were never ere broken up.
3786 fieres swaðe, flame (burning) of fire.
P. 108. l. 3796 There hath a cloud them well girded. 3802 Ran and stood
between the living and the dead; tiren seems, from the way it is written in
the MS., to be an error for tuen = twen, between. 3807-14 Though this folk,
much frightened, remained quiet for a time, nevertheless they are yet in
diverse counsels (i. e. of conflicting opinions). Moreover, they vacillate in
purpose, and think that it may be decided better. Though these burnt (i. e.
those destroyed by fire) are refused, yet they ween that God shall take of the
twelve tribes some more to be in the place of those whom he had despised
(rejected). miðe is the pret. subj. of miðen = A.S. míðan (pret. mád, pl.
midon; pret. subj. mide), to lie hid, to avoid, omit, hide, dissemble. 3809
aglen = aylen = ail, become weak or foolish. 3814 for-hugede, despised,
rejected.
"Ah Gurmund hit for-hoȝede
Page 330
And habbe he heo nolde."—(Laȝ.
iii. 156.)
"For niss nan mann þatt uss birrþ att
Forrhoȝhenn god to lernenn."—
(Orm. ii. 107.)
P. 109. l. 3824. The name of the tribe which shall thereto belong. 3826
Which tribe he desires this service to be on.
3851-2
Here and there (yonder) there they
buried lie,
All the old (ones) did there end (i.
e. died).
P. 110. l. 3865-6
God bad assemble the folk and go,
And before them smite on the stone.
3880 costful, dangerous. See Met. Hom. p. xix, where far-cost = a
dangerous voyage. 3884 wente of liwe = turned from life = died. 3887 in =
hin = hine, him.
P. 111. l. 3924 The sense requires us to read, for to stillen his vn-eðe mod,
for to quiet his uneasy (disturbed) mind.
P. 112. ll. 3931-2
In the night a message came to him
from God,
iii. 156.)
"For niss nan mann þatt uss birrþ att
Forrhoȝhenn god to lernenn."—
(Orm. ii. 107.)
P. 109. l. 3824. The name of the tribe which shall thereto belong. 3826
Which tribe he desires this service to be on.
3851-2
Here and there (yonder) there they
buried lie,
All the old (ones) did there end (i.
e. died).
P. 110. l. 3865-6
God bad assemble the folk and go,
And before them smite on the stone.
3880 costful, dangerous. See Met. Hom. p. xix, where far-cost = a
dangerous voyage. 3884 wente of liwe = turned from life = died. 3887 in =
hin = hine, him.
P. 111. l. 3924 The sense requires us to read, for to stillen his vn-eðe mod,
for to quiet his uneasy (disturbed) mind.
P. 112. ll. 3931-2
In the night a message came to him
from God,
Page 331
And a prohibition against this king's
counsel.
3941 me goue hold = should give me faithfully; hold = holde = faithfully,
truly. 3945 Oc or or = but first ere. 3951 And turned his heart on worse
thought. 3958 And beat and turned it to the path; sti, path, way. "ðes is
forðon ðeðe gecuoeden wæs ðerh esaias ðone witgo cuoeðende: stefn
cliopende in woestern gearuas woeg drihtnes, ræhta doeð [wyrcas] stiga
his." (Matt. iii. 3. Northumbrian Version.) 3964 negt = neg + it = nigh it.
P. 113. ll. 3972-3
It is as true as it is marvellous.
Said this ass thus with anger.
3976-7
Had I a sword, I would slay thee.
So was this man to mischief (grief)
brought.
3985-6
Quoth Balaam, "since I have mis-
fared,
If thou wilt, I will turn back."
3988
Against my counsel speak thou
nought.
3993-4
counsel.
3941 me goue hold = should give me faithfully; hold = holde = faithfully,
truly. 3945 Oc or or = but first ere. 3951 And turned his heart on worse
thought. 3958 And beat and turned it to the path; sti, path, way. "ðes is
forðon ðeðe gecuoeden wæs ðerh esaias ðone witgo cuoeðende: stefn
cliopende in woestern gearuas woeg drihtnes, ræhta doeð [wyrcas] stiga
his." (Matt. iii. 3. Northumbrian Version.) 3964 negt = neg + it = nigh it.
P. 113. ll. 3972-3
It is as true as it is marvellous.
Said this ass thus with anger.
3976-7
Had I a sword, I would slay thee.
So was this man to mischief (grief)
brought.
3985-6
Quoth Balaam, "since I have mis-
fared,
If thou wilt, I will turn back."
3988
Against my counsel speak thou
nought.
3993-4
Page 332
Shall I no word be able to forth-do
(utter),
Except what God layeth on me.
4000-1 And went apart; why? but because from above, etc.
P. 114. ll. 4009-10
His life is blithe (joyful), so shall be
his ending (death),
Who prospereth as this (one) shall
prosper.
4015 For or read and (?). 4016 He did it for better success. 4022 hem, if not
an error for he, stands for he + hem.
P. 115. l. 4049 "The young women of thy land, fair of sight, and soft of
hand, and bright of hue (complexion), of speech glad (joyous), in haste shall
I set apart as messengers; do thou send out against these men those who can
brew (produce) heart-burning with joy, with features, and with body and
sin, pleasantly, with speech small (flattery), to turn them from God's fear to
thy land gods and our laws; unless thou canst follow this advice and lead
them from God's love, and seek to turn thus their thought, for war nor
weapon helpeth not. 4052 ðgere = gere = haste. At first I was inclined to
take ðgere for dere, so that wið ðgere = for harm. 4053 ten = te (?). Or
should we read, ðe do ten vt = cause those to go out. 4056 Luueke may be
an error for luue-like = pleasantly; or it may = luue-leke = love; -lec being a
not uncommon ending of abstract nouns, as in O.E. feirlec, fairness, beauty.
4063 quad. The rhyme seems to require quead; ðat ille quad = that
wickedly spoke (advised); ðat ille quead = that wicked wretch.
P. 116. ll. 4086-88
God bad Moses number
(utter),
Except what God layeth on me.
4000-1 And went apart; why? but because from above, etc.
P. 114. ll. 4009-10
His life is blithe (joyful), so shall be
his ending (death),
Who prospereth as this (one) shall
prosper.
4015 For or read and (?). 4016 He did it for better success. 4022 hem, if not
an error for he, stands for he + hem.
P. 115. l. 4049 "The young women of thy land, fair of sight, and soft of
hand, and bright of hue (complexion), of speech glad (joyous), in haste shall
I set apart as messengers; do thou send out against these men those who can
brew (produce) heart-burning with joy, with features, and with body and
sin, pleasantly, with speech small (flattery), to turn them from God's fear to
thy land gods and our laws; unless thou canst follow this advice and lead
them from God's love, and seek to turn thus their thought, for war nor
weapon helpeth not. 4052 ðgere = gere = haste. At first I was inclined to
take ðgere for dere, so that wið ðgere = for harm. 4053 ten = te (?). Or
should we read, ðe do ten vt = cause those to go out. 4056 Luueke may be
an error for luue-like = pleasantly; or it may = luue-leke = love; -lec being a
not uncommon ending of abstract nouns, as in O.E. feirlec, fairness, beauty.
4063 quad. The rhyme seems to require quead; ðat ille quad = that
wickedly spoke (advised); ðat ille quead = that wicked wretch.
P. 116. ll. 4086-88
God bad Moses number
Page 333
His folk who were first preserved
from death
Either twenty winters or more old,
Who in Egypt were not before
numbered.
4096 All others were driven in death's web. 4106-8 Leave thou not thy folk
helpless, and do thou, O God, cause them to be governed just as it may be
advantageous for them.
P. 117. l. 4110 loder-man. See note on l. 3723.
4119-22
Whilst to him lasted life-days,
Them he taught precious laws,
And written hath committed them
to them,
Unless they them keep, on them
shall be sorrow (misfortune
shall befall them).
In line 4121 the first hem should be omitted.
P. 118. l. 4143-4 Idolatry, that was pleasing to them, oft out-wrought
(effected) for them sorrow's trouble, i. e. brought sorrow and trouble upon
them.
4159-60
In such virtues grant us to come;
Through which we shall be to
everlasting life taken.
from death
Either twenty winters or more old,
Who in Egypt were not before
numbered.
4096 All others were driven in death's web. 4106-8 Leave thou not thy folk
helpless, and do thou, O God, cause them to be governed just as it may be
advantageous for them.
P. 117. l. 4110 loder-man. See note on l. 3723.
4119-22
Whilst to him lasted life-days,
Them he taught precious laws,
And written hath committed them
to them,
Unless they them keep, on them
shall be sorrow (misfortune
shall befall them).
In line 4121 the first hem should be omitted.
P. 118. l. 4143-4 Idolatry, that was pleasing to them, oft out-wrought
(effected) for them sorrow's trouble, i. e. brought sorrow and trouble upon
them.
4159-60
In such virtues grant us to come;
Through which we shall be to
everlasting life taken.
Page 334
396]
See "The History of Our Lord," vol. i. p. 53.
397]
The Northumbrian version reads gedroefed, from which the O.E. vb. drove.
398]
Written leasowe.
GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
See "The History of Our Lord," vol. i. p. 53.
397]
The Northumbrian version reads gedroefed, from which the O.E. vb. drove.
398]
Written leasowe.
GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
Page 335
A, in, 271, 538, 635, 953.
A, have, 2720.
Abead = abad, abode, 422, 3856,
3862.
A.S. abídan, pret. abád, p.p.
abiden.
Abiden, (pl. pret.) abode, 1638,
2483, 3459.
Abiden, (p.p.) abided, remained,
2388.
Abraid, awoke, arose, started up,
231, 1617, 2111, 2385.
A.S. abredan (pret. abræd).
Abute, about, 3455.
Abuten, about, 94, 1772, 2482.
A.S. abútan.
Abuten-schoren, circumcised, 1200.
See Schoren.
Abuuen, above, 10, 108, 332, 636,
1518.
A.S. abufan.
Adde = hadde, had (3 pers. sing.),
240, 518, 519, 600, 1039,
1693, 1747, 2274.
Adden = hadden, had (3 pers. pl.),
239, 1480, 2451, 2545,
2546.
A, have, 2720.
Abead = abad, abode, 422, 3856,
3862.
A.S. abídan, pret. abád, p.p.
abiden.
Abiden, (pl. pret.) abode, 1638,
2483, 3459.
Abiden, (p.p.) abided, remained,
2388.
Abraid, awoke, arose, started up,
231, 1617, 2111, 2385.
A.S. abredan (pret. abræd).
Abute, about, 3455.
Abuten, about, 94, 1772, 2482.
A.S. abútan.
Abuten-schoren, circumcised, 1200.
See Schoren.
Abuuen, above, 10, 108, 332, 636,
1518.
A.S. abufan.
Adde = hadde, had (3 pers. sing.),
240, 518, 519, 600, 1039,
1693, 1747, 2274.
Adden = hadden, had (3 pers. pl.),
239, 1480, 2451, 2545,
2546.
Page 336
Aftre, after, 1652.
Age, awe, 432, 3546, 3632.
A.S. ege, fear, terror, dread. Dan.
ave, O.E. age, awe, is a
northern form
corresponding to the
southern eige or eie.
Agen, awe, (acc.) 192.
Agen, (a) again, 405, 604, 606, 979,
985;
(b) against, 562, 3373, 3375;
(c) adverse, opposed to, 3730;
(d) backwards, back, 1097, 3267;
(e) towards, 1786, 1796, 1823,
1824;
(f) for, 562.
A.S. ongean, agen.
See Agon.
Agenes, against, 538, 541.
Agenward, back, 1782.
Ageon, against, 3912.
A.S. agean.
Aglen, to become weak, foolish,
3809.
A.S. eglian, to ail, egle,
troublesome; Goth. aglo,
affliction, aglus, difficult.
Agon, gone, 78.
A.S. agán.
Agon, again, 77, 958;
Age, awe, 432, 3546, 3632.
A.S. ege, fear, terror, dread. Dan.
ave, O.E. age, awe, is a
northern form
corresponding to the
southern eige or eie.
Agen, awe, (acc.) 192.
Agen, (a) again, 405, 604, 606, 979,
985;
(b) against, 562, 3373, 3375;
(c) adverse, opposed to, 3730;
(d) backwards, back, 1097, 3267;
(e) towards, 1786, 1796, 1823,
1824;
(f) for, 562.
A.S. ongean, agen.
See Agon.
Agenes, against, 538, 541.
Agenward, back, 1782.
Ageon, against, 3912.
A.S. agean.
Aglen, to become weak, foolish,
3809.
A.S. eglian, to ail, egle,
troublesome; Goth. aglo,
affliction, aglus, difficult.
Agon, gone, 78.
A.S. agán.
Agon, again, 77, 958;
Page 337
against, 438;
backwards, 1119;
towards, 1009, 1438.
Agrisen, terrified, alarmed, 667.
A.S. agrýsan.
Agt, Agte, property, possession,
wealth, 742, 783, 857, 910,
924, 1858, 1867, 2017,
2090.
A.S. ágan, (pret. ahte, áhte) to
own, possess. A.S. æht,
property.
Agte, owned, 2309.
Agte, ought, should, 525, 1671,
2727.
Agte, fear, 3384. It literally
signifies thought, anxiety,
sorrow.
A.S. eaht, estimation, eahtian, to
meditate, devise. Ger.
acht, care, attention,
achten, to mind, regard.
See Hagt.
Agtes, oughtest, 1762.
Agtes, moneys, 2224.
Ai, ever, aye, 451, 1105.
Ail, hail, 3066, 3183.
Al, all, 36, 37;
entirely, quite, 3059, 3098.
backwards, 1119;
towards, 1009, 1438.
Agrisen, terrified, alarmed, 667.
A.S. agrýsan.
Agt, Agte, property, possession,
wealth, 742, 783, 857, 910,
924, 1858, 1867, 2017,
2090.
A.S. ágan, (pret. ahte, áhte) to
own, possess. A.S. æht,
property.
Agte, owned, 2309.
Agte, ought, should, 525, 1671,
2727.
Agte, fear, 3384. It literally
signifies thought, anxiety,
sorrow.
A.S. eaht, estimation, eahtian, to
meditate, devise. Ger.
acht, care, attention,
achten, to mind, regard.
See Hagt.
Agtes, oughtest, 1762.
Agtes, moneys, 2224.
Ai, ever, aye, 451, 1105.
Ail, hail, 3066, 3183.
Al, all, 36, 37;
entirely, quite, 3059, 3098.
Page 338
Al abuten, all about, 96, 136.
Aldre, of all;
'hure aldre bale,' the bale of us all,
322;
'here aldre heuedes,' the heads of
them all, 2926.
Algen = halgen, to hallow, keep
holy, 918.
A.S. halgian.
Alle, all, 874, 896.
Al-migt-ful, powerful, 2694.
Almigten, Almigtin, almighty, (sb.)
9, 3405, (adj.) 30, 572,
3727.
Als, Alse, also, 867;
as, 1773, 1785, 1787, 2650;
so, 1412.
Also, as, 475, 643, 1238, 2212;
so, 3436.
A.S. alswá.
Alswilc, Alsswilc, even as, 4108.
A.S. alswilc = eallswilc, even as,
likewise.
Alt = halt, holdeth (?), 924.
Alter, altar, 758.
Alðer-best, the best of all, 3390.
Alðerneðer, beneath all, 3997.
Aldre, of all;
'hure aldre bale,' the bale of us all,
322;
'here aldre heuedes,' the heads of
them all, 2926.
Algen = halgen, to hallow, keep
holy, 918.
A.S. halgian.
Alle, all, 874, 896.
Al-migt-ful, powerful, 2694.
Almigten, Almigtin, almighty, (sb.)
9, 3405, (adj.) 30, 572,
3727.
Als, Alse, also, 867;
as, 1773, 1785, 1787, 2650;
so, 1412.
Also, as, 475, 643, 1238, 2212;
so, 3436.
A.S. alswá.
Alswilc, Alsswilc, even as, 4108.
A.S. alswilc = eallswilc, even as,
likewise.
Alt = halt, holdeth (?), 924.
Alter, altar, 758.
Alðer-best, the best of all, 3390.
Alðerneðer, beneath all, 3997.
Page 339
Amigdeles, almonds, 3840.
Gr. αμυγδαλη; Lat. amygdala.
Amonge, among, 700.
Amongus, amonges, amongst,
1620.
An (before a cons.), a, 680, 938,
951;
'an time,' 1435, 1487;
'an busk,' 2105;
'an kire,' 2451;
'an wis man,' 2649;
'an sel,' 2769;
'an steuene,' 2780;
'an dragen swerd,' 2843.
An, in, 1605, 2789, 3086.
A.S. and O.S. an; South Prov. E.
an.
An, and, 206, 221, 647.
And = an, a, 3463.
And = an, in, 1470.
Andswere, answer, 3081.
Andswerede, answered, 4109.
A.S. andswerian, to answer.
Anger, grief, 972.
Ani, any, 48, 2181.
Anog, enough, 600, 3365, 3876.
Answerede, answered, 2728, 3605.
Gr. αμυγδαλη; Lat. amygdala.
Amonge, among, 700.
Amongus, amonges, amongst,
1620.
An (before a cons.), a, 680, 938,
951;
'an time,' 1435, 1487;
'an busk,' 2105;
'an kire,' 2451;
'an wis man,' 2649;
'an sel,' 2769;
'an steuene,' 2780;
'an dragen swerd,' 2843.
An, in, 1605, 2789, 3086.
A.S. and O.S. an; South Prov. E.
an.
An, and, 206, 221, 647.
And = an, a, 3463.
And = an, in, 1470.
Andswere, answer, 3081.
Andswerede, answered, 4109.
A.S. andswerian, to answer.
Anger, grief, 972.
Ani, any, 48, 2181.
Anog, enough, 600, 3365, 3876.
Answerede, answered, 2728, 3605.
Page 340
Answeren, (sb.) answer, 2673.
Ant, and, 485.
Apples, 1129.
Arche, ark, 560, 561, 580.
Arche-wold, ark-board, 576, 614.
Arches, ark's, 602.
Ard, hard, 1228.
Arled, ring-streaked, 1723.
A.S. orl, rim, welt, border.
Arn, Aren, are, (pl.) 16, 815, 3606,
3882.
Arsmetike = arsmetrike, arithmetic,
792.
Arwe, arrow, 478.
As, hast, 1760.
Aske, ask, 1668.
Askede, asked, 1391.
Askeden, (pl.) asked, 2672.
Askes, ashes, 3024.
Astronomige, astronomy, 792.
At, to, 554;
of, 2697;
in, 3790.
Ant, and, 485.
Apples, 1129.
Arche, ark, 560, 561, 580.
Arche-wold, ark-board, 576, 614.
Arches, ark's, 602.
Ard, hard, 1228.
Arled, ring-streaked, 1723.
A.S. orl, rim, welt, border.
Arn, Aren, are, (pl.) 16, 815, 3606,
3882.
Arsmetike = arsmetrike, arithmetic,
792.
Arwe, arrow, 478.
As, hast, 1760.
Aske, ask, 1668.
Askede, asked, 1391.
Askeden, (pl.) asked, 2672.
Askes, ashes, 3024.
Astronomige, astronomy, 792.
At, to, 554;
of, 2697;
in, 3790.
Page 341
At, ate, did eat, 337, 342, 3407.
Ate, hate, 373, 3638.
Atter, poison, venom, 372.
A.S. áter, atter.
Atteð = hatteð, is called, 813.
At-wond, ceased, 3058.
A.S. ætwíndan, to wind off,
escape, flee away (pret.
ætwánd, p.p. ætwunden).
At-wot, disappeared, departed,
1049.
A.S. wítan, to depart; at = A.S. æt,
as in at-wond, etc.
Aucter, altar, 612, 625.
Auter, altar, 1297, 1325.
Aue, have, 2388.
Auede = hauede, had, 1251.
Auen = hauen, have (inf.), 1505,
1512;
(pl.) 3680.
Aueð = haueð, hath, 2425, 2469.
Awai, Awei, away, 616, 810, 858,
860, 861.
Aweiward, away, 3168.
Awold, avail, be successful, 1671;
signify, 1944, 2727;
Ate, hate, 373, 3638.
Atter, poison, venom, 372.
A.S. áter, atter.
Atteð = hatteð, is called, 813.
At-wond, ceased, 3058.
A.S. ætwíndan, to wind off,
escape, flee away (pret.
ætwánd, p.p. ætwunden).
At-wot, disappeared, departed,
1049.
A.S. wítan, to depart; at = A.S. æt,
as in at-wond, etc.
Aucter, altar, 612, 625.
Auter, altar, 1297, 1325.
Aue, have, 2388.
Auede = hauede, had, 1251.
Auen = hauen, have (inf.), 1505,
1512;
(pl.) 3680.
Aueð = haueð, hath, 2425, 2469.
Awai, Awei, away, 616, 810, 858,
860, 861.
Aweiward, away, 3168.
Awold, avail, be successful, 1671;
signify, 1944, 2727;
Page 342
cause, 2054.
A.S. walden, to rule, wealdan, to
govern (p. weold, p.p.
wealden).
Ay, ever, always, 5, 87, 155.
Ayne = ane, one, a, 2639.
Bad, commanded, 41, 57, 441, 572,
618;
prayed, 1462;
'bad meðe,' besought mercy, 3011.
A.S. biddan (pret. bæd, p.p.
beden), to ask, pray,
command.
Bad, offered, gave, 2653;
'bad bede,' offered prayer, 1375,
2981.
A.S. beódan (pret. beád, p.p.
boden).
Bade, bad, 2436.
Bak, back, 1333.
Bale, sorrow, misery, calamity,
destruction, 68, 322, 850,
1122, 1166;
death, 1984.
A.S. bealu.
Bannede, summoned, assembled,
3213.
A.S. bannan, bonnan, to
proclaim.
A.S. walden, to rule, wealdan, to
govern (p. weold, p.p.
wealden).
Ay, ever, always, 5, 87, 155.
Ayne = ane, one, a, 2639.
Bad, commanded, 41, 57, 441, 572,
618;
prayed, 1462;
'bad meðe,' besought mercy, 3011.
A.S. biddan (pret. bæd, p.p.
beden), to ask, pray,
command.
Bad, offered, gave, 2653;
'bad bede,' offered prayer, 1375,
2981.
A.S. beódan (pret. beád, p.p.
boden).
Bade, bad, 2436.
Bak, back, 1333.
Bale, sorrow, misery, calamity,
destruction, 68, 322, 850,
1122, 1166;
death, 1984.
A.S. bealu.
Bannede, summoned, assembled,
3213.
A.S. bannan, bonnan, to
proclaim.
Page 343
Bar, bore, took, 209, 338;
gave birth to, 418, 428, 722;
carried, 2078.
Baren, to disclose, 1912.
Barg, (pret. of bergen) preserved,
1330, 3477.
Bargt = barg, preserved, 898.
Bat, bad, 53;
restored, 882;
offered, gave, 1015.
See Bad.
Be, shall be, 784.
Bead, bad, 1059, 2494, 2768;
invited, 1056;
offered, 1069;
presented, 3340.
Bead = abead, endured, suffered,
3105.
Beames, trumpet's, 3521.
A.S. byme, a trumpet.
Beas = beast = beëst, art, 365, 366.
Bed, (pret. of bidden) commanded,
bad, 258, 1292.
See Bad.
Bed, (pret. of beden) offered, gave,
presented, 909, 1014, 2017,
2047;
gave birth to, 418, 428, 722;
carried, 2078.
Baren, to disclose, 1912.
Barg, (pret. of bergen) preserved,
1330, 3477.
Bargt = barg, preserved, 898.
Bat, bad, 53;
restored, 882;
offered, gave, 1015.
See Bad.
Be, shall be, 784.
Bead, bad, 1059, 2494, 2768;
invited, 1056;
offered, 1069;
presented, 3340.
Bead = abead, endured, suffered,
3105.
Beames, trumpet's, 3521.
A.S. byme, a trumpet.
Beas = beast = beëst, art, 365, 366.
Bed, (pret. of bidden) commanded,
bad, 258, 1292.
See Bad.
Bed, (pret. of beden) offered, gave,
presented, 909, 1014, 2017,
2047;
Page 344
(imp.) present, 2073.
Bedden, (pl. pret.) offered, 2273;
prayed to, 2498.
Bede, prayer, 631, 1375, 2981.
A.S. béd.
Beden, (p.p.) commanded, 2212.
Bedes, prayers, 495, 3888.
Bege, ring, 2140.
A.S. beah, béh, beág (g. beáges),
a crown, bracelet, ring.
Beges, bracelets, 1390.
A.S. beágas.
Bem, beam, 'heuene-bem' = the sun
(?), 1606.
Ben, to be, 15, 101, 164;
are, 107, 139, 630.
Bene, prayer, petition, 2511.
A.S. bén.
Ber, bore, 1701.
Berdes, beards, 3584.
Bere, bier, 2481.
Bere, (inf.) bear, 1465;
(subj.) 3513.
Bered = bereð, beareth, 326, 2705.
Bedden, (pl. pret.) offered, 2273;
prayed to, 2498.
Bede, prayer, 631, 1375, 2981.
A.S. béd.
Beden, (p.p.) commanded, 2212.
Bedes, prayers, 495, 3888.
Bege, ring, 2140.
A.S. beah, béh, beág (g. beáges),
a crown, bracelet, ring.
Beges, bracelets, 1390.
A.S. beágas.
Bem, beam, 'heuene-bem' = the sun
(?), 1606.
Ben, to be, 15, 101, 164;
are, 107, 139, 630.
Bene, prayer, petition, 2511.
A.S. bén.
Ber, bore, 1701.
Berdes, beards, 3584.
Bere, bier, 2481.
Bere, (inf.) bear, 1465;
(subj.) 3513.
Bered = bereð, beareth, 326, 2705.
Page 345
Berem-tem = bern-tem, family,
race, 3903.
Beren, (inf.) bear, carry, 8, 118, 120,
787, 2084;
(pl. pret.) 1187, 2557;
to show, 1044.
Beren-tem, family, descendants,
954.
Beres, (sb.) bears, 191.
Bereð, bear, (imp.) 2243, 2248.
Berg, (sb.) defence, protector, 926.
A.S. beorh.
Berge, Bergen, to protect, 1060;
(opt.) 2529.
A.S. beorgan (pret. bearh, p.p.
borgen).
Bergles, shelterless, unprotected,
3048.
Beries, berries, 2062, 2064.
Bering, bearing, behaviour, 2178.
Bernteam, descendant, 3748.
A.S. bearn-team, posterity, from
bearn, a child, and
teamian, to generate.
Best, art, 2884.
Beste, beast, 194.
Bet, beat, (pret.) 483, 3958.
race, 3903.
Beren, (inf.) bear, carry, 8, 118, 120,
787, 2084;
(pl. pret.) 1187, 2557;
to show, 1044.
Beren-tem, family, descendants,
954.
Beres, (sb.) bears, 191.
Bereð, bear, (imp.) 2243, 2248.
Berg, (sb.) defence, protector, 926.
A.S. beorh.
Berge, Bergen, to protect, 1060;
(opt.) 2529.
A.S. beorgan (pret. bearh, p.p.
borgen).
Bergles, shelterless, unprotected,
3048.
Beries, berries, 2062, 2064.
Bering, bearing, behaviour, 2178.
Bernteam, descendant, 3748.
A.S. bearn-team, posterity, from
bearn, a child, and
teamian, to generate.
Best, art, 2884.
Beste, beast, 194.
Bet, beat, (pret.) 483, 3958.
Page 346
A.S. beót.
Bet, better, 1713, 2366, 2938, 3753.
A.S.
Betende, beating, 2713.
Betes, beatest, 3974.
Betre, Bettre, better, 1585, 1957,
2820.
Betten = beten, amend, 3637.
A.S. bétan.
Beð, is, 182, 1156, 1589;
shall be, 386, 4122;
(imp.) 2263, 3231.
Beðen, bathe, 2447.
A.S. beþian.
Beðen, pray, entreat, 2498.
O.N. beiða, to pray.
Bi, by, 141, 1586.
Bi-aften, behind, 1333, 3377.
A.S. be-æftan.
Bi-agt, ought, should, 924.
Bicalleð, calls after, accuses, 2314.
Bicam, became, befell, happened,
996, 1404, 2007, 2148;
went, 1744.
Bicrauen, (inf.) ask, crave, 1388.
Bet, better, 1713, 2366, 2938, 3753.
A.S.
Betende, beating, 2713.
Betes, beatest, 3974.
Betre, Bettre, better, 1585, 1957,
2820.
Betten = beten, amend, 3637.
A.S. bétan.
Beð, is, 182, 1156, 1589;
shall be, 386, 4122;
(imp.) 2263, 3231.
Beðen, bathe, 2447.
A.S. beþian.
Beðen, pray, entreat, 2498.
O.N. beiða, to pray.
Bi, by, 141, 1586.
Bi-aften, behind, 1333, 3377.
A.S. be-æftan.
Bi-agt, ought, should, 924.
Bicalleð, calls after, accuses, 2314.
Bicam, became, befell, happened,
996, 1404, 2007, 2148;
went, 1744.
Bicrauen, (inf.) ask, crave, 1388.
Page 347
Bicumen, (inf.) become, pass, come
into, 960, 1577;
(p.p.) befallen, 2227;
become, 3839.
Bid, intreat, pray, 2509.
Bidde, intreat, 1569;
command, 3454.
Bidden, (inf.) pray, beseech, 1802.
Biddi = bidde, offer, 27.
Bideð, biddeth, 3451.
Bifel, befell, 963.
Biforen, Biforn, before, 47, 219,
253, 451, 665, 905, 907,
2272.
Bigan, began, 188, 236, 448, 921.
Bigamie, 448, 449.
Bigat, begot, 708, 709, 711, 1590;
obtained, 796.
Bigen, to buy, 2166, 2246.
A.S. bygan, bycgan.
Bigete, winnings, spoil, 896.
Bigetel, advantageous, 1992.
Bigeten, (inf.) obtain, 1532;
beget, 2180;
require, 1666;
prevail, 2021;
into, 960, 1577;
(p.p.) befallen, 2227;
become, 3839.
Bid, intreat, pray, 2509.
Bidde, intreat, 1569;
command, 3454.
Bidden, (inf.) pray, beseech, 1802.
Biddi = bidde, offer, 27.
Bideð, biddeth, 3451.
Bifel, befell, 963.
Biforen, Biforn, before, 47, 219,
253, 451, 665, 905, 907,
2272.
Bigan, began, 188, 236, 448, 921.
Bigamie, 448, 449.
Bigat, begot, 708, 709, 711, 1590;
obtained, 796.
Bigen, to buy, 2166, 2246.
A.S. bygan, bycgan.
Bigete, winnings, spoil, 896.
Bigetel, advantageous, 1992.
Bigeten, (inf.) obtain, 1532;
beget, 2180;
require, 1666;
prevail, 2021;
Page 348
(p.p.) begotten, 906, 1151, 1376,
1377, 2006;
acquired, obtained, 911, 2706.
Biggede, dwelt, 1137.
A.S. byggan, to build; Icel.
byggia; O.Sw. bygga, to
build, inhabit.
Bigging, Bigginge, Biging, sojourn,
abode, dwelling, 718, 762,
807;
house, 3163.
Biginned = biginneð, beginneth,
2538.
Biginning, Biginninge, beginning,
32, 39, 521.
Bigote, begotten, 2618.
Bigunnen, (pl. pret.) began, 536.
Bihaluen = surround, 3355.
See Havelok, l. 1834.
Bihet, (pret. of bihete) promised.
A.S. beǽtan, (pret. behét; p.p.
beháten) to promise.
Bihoten, promised, 3132.
Bi-hu[f]lik (?), needful, necessary,
4108.
A.S. behóflíc.
Bilagt, taken away, 773.
1377, 2006;
acquired, obtained, 911, 2706.
Biggede, dwelt, 1137.
A.S. byggan, to build; Icel.
byggia; O.Sw. bygga, to
build, inhabit.
Bigging, Bigginge, Biging, sojourn,
abode, dwelling, 718, 762,
807;
house, 3163.
Biginned = biginneð, beginneth,
2538.
Biginning, Biginninge, beginning,
32, 39, 521.
Bigote, begotten, 2618.
Bigunnen, (pl. pret.) began, 536.
Bihaluen = surround, 3355.
See Havelok, l. 1834.
Bihet, (pret. of bihete) promised.
A.S. beǽtan, (pret. behét; p.p.
beháten) to promise.
Bihoten, promised, 3132.
Bi-hu[f]lik (?), needful, necessary,
4108.
A.S. behóflíc.
Bilagt, taken away, 773.
Page 349
A.S. ge-læccan (pret. gelæhte),
take, catch, seize.
Bileaf, remained, 1332, 2776;
left, 3066.
Bilef, remained, 671, 1346, 1516,
1791, 1801.
A.S. belífan (pret. belaf).
Bileften, (pl. pret.) dwelt, abode,
800.
Bileph = bilef, remained, 2662.
Bileue, should remain, 1716.
Bileue, quickly, 4128.
Bileuen, to remain, stay, 1766,
3114.
Bileuen, remainder, 3154.
Bilewen, to remain, 2233.
Bilirten, deprive of by fraud, 316.
Biloc, surrounded, 2684.
See Biluken.
Bilong, along of, not belong, 2058.
Biluken, enclosed, shut up, 104.
A.S. belúcan (pret. beleác; p.p.
belocen).
Bimen, complaint, cry, 2894.
Bimeneð, bemoaneth, 2226.
take, catch, seize.
Bileaf, remained, 1332, 2776;
left, 3066.
Bilef, remained, 671, 1346, 1516,
1791, 1801.
A.S. belífan (pret. belaf).
Bileften, (pl. pret.) dwelt, abode,
800.
Bileph = bilef, remained, 2662.
Bileue, should remain, 1716.
Bileue, quickly, 4128.
Bileuen, to remain, stay, 1766,
3114.
Bileuen, remainder, 3154.
Bilewen, to remain, 2233.
Bilirten, deprive of by fraud, 316.
Biloc, surrounded, 2684.
See Biluken.
Bilong, along of, not belong, 2058.
Biluken, enclosed, shut up, 104.
A.S. belúcan (pret. beleác; p.p.
belocen).
Bimen, complaint, cry, 2894.
Bimeneð, bemoaneth, 2226.
Page 350
Bimening, mourning, bemoaning,
2484.
Biment, Bimente, complained,
1217;
bewailed, bemoaned, 2202, 4150.
A.S. bemǽnan (pret. bimǽnde).
Binam, used, 1706.
See Binimen.
Binden, to bind, 2193, 3193.
Bineðe, Bineðen, beneath, below,
10, 66, 126, 3526, 4082.
A.S. benyðan.
Binimen, to take away, 1764.
A.S. beniman (pret. benám, p.p.
benumen).
Binnen, within, 1032, 1731.
A.S. binnan.
Binumen = be taken, 1578.
Binumen, bereft, taken away, 198,
772;
rescued, 2876;
placed, 376.
Biofte, behoof, 1408.
A.S. behofian, to behove.
Bioueð, behoveth, 1159.
Biquuad, ordered, appointed, 117.
See Quuad.
2484.
Biment, Bimente, complained,
1217;
bewailed, bemoaned, 2202, 4150.
A.S. bemǽnan (pret. bimǽnde).
Binam, used, 1706.
See Binimen.
Binden, to bind, 2193, 3193.
Bineðe, Bineðen, beneath, below,
10, 66, 126, 3526, 4082.
A.S. benyðan.
Binimen, to take away, 1764.
A.S. beniman (pret. benám, p.p.
benumen).
Binnen, within, 1032, 1731.
A.S. binnan.
Binumen = be taken, 1578.
Binumen, bereft, taken away, 198,
772;
rescued, 2876;
placed, 376.
Biofte, behoof, 1408.
A.S. behofian, to behove.
Bioueð, behoveth, 1159.
Biquuad, ordered, appointed, 117.
See Quuad.
Page 351
Biqueðen, bewail, 2448.
See Queðe.
Bird, birth, 2591.
Biri, city, 2257.
A.S. burh (pl. byrig).
Biried, buried, 256, 735, 2517,
3851.
Biriele, tomb, sepulchre, 2488.
A.S. byrgels.
Birien, to bury, 2424.
Birigeles, burial, interment, 2474.
Birðe, Birðehe, birth, 441, 1177,
1187, 1484, 1497.
Birðen, to be born, 1471.
Birðehe, birth, 368.
Birðheltre, fruit-bearing tree, 119.
Bise, rule, govern, 4107.
Bisek, (imp.) beseech, 3093.
Biseke, (imp.) beseech, 4155.
Biseken, to beseech, 2492, 3600.
Bisen, to provide, 1313;
ordained, 1411;
govern, direct, 2141, 3414.
A.S. beseon.
See Queðe.
Bird, birth, 2591.
Biri, city, 2257.
A.S. burh (pl. byrig).
Biried, buried, 256, 735, 2517,
3851.
Biriele, tomb, sepulchre, 2488.
A.S. byrgels.
Birien, to bury, 2424.
Birigeles, burial, interment, 2474.
Birðe, Birðehe, birth, 441, 1177,
1187, 1484, 1497.
Birðen, to be born, 1471.
Birðehe, birth, 368.
Birðheltre, fruit-bearing tree, 119.
Bise, rule, govern, 4107.
Bisek, (imp.) beseech, 3093.
Biseke, (imp.) beseech, 4155.
Biseken, to beseech, 2492, 3600.
Bisen, to provide, 1313;
ordained, 1411;
govern, direct, 2141, 3414.
A.S. beseon.
Page 352
Biset, (p.p.) beset, surrounded,
3225.
Bisette, (pret.) beset, compassed,
2687.
Bisetten, surrounded, encompassed,
1066.
Bisne, blind, 472, 2822.
A.S. bisen.
Bisogt, (p.p.) besought, asked,
3080.
Bisogte, (pret.) besought, 3236;
interceded, 3693.
Bispac (= bespoke), gain-said,
contradicted, 1444.
Bispeken, to blame, condemn,
1855.
A.S. besprécan, to accuse, blame.
Bistod, lamented, 3857.
Bistoden, (pl.) bewailed, wept for,
716, 1456.
A.S. bestanden, to stand by.
Biswiken, betrayed, deceived, 3561.
A.S. beswícan.
Bit, biddeth, 2238.
Bitagt, (p.p.) delivered, given over,
assigned, 774, 1677.
3225.
Bisette, (pret.) beset, compassed,
2687.
Bisetten, surrounded, encompassed,
1066.
Bisne, blind, 472, 2822.
A.S. bisen.
Bisogt, (p.p.) besought, asked,
3080.
Bisogte, (pret.) besought, 3236;
interceded, 3693.
Bispac (= bespoke), gain-said,
contradicted, 1444.
Bispeken, to blame, condemn,
1855.
A.S. besprécan, to accuse, blame.
Bistod, lamented, 3857.
Bistoden, (pl.) bewailed, wept for,
716, 1456.
A.S. bestanden, to stand by.
Biswiken, betrayed, deceived, 3561.
A.S. beswícan.
Bit, biddeth, 2238.
Bitagt, (p.p.) delivered, given over,
assigned, 774, 1677.
Page 353
Bitagte, (pret. of bitaken or
bitechen) gave, 212, 782,
1185;
appointed, assigned, 923, 965,
1663, 2622, 3621.
A.S. betǽcan (pret. betǽhte).
Bitagten, (pl.) delivered, consigned,
1424.
Biteg, accomplished, 2878.
See Ten.
Biten, (pl.) accomplish, 3626.
See Ten.
Biter, bitter, 3300.
Bithowte, bethought, 2735.
Bitid, befallen, 357, 1194, 1876,
1978, 2358, 3406.
Bitidde, befell, 3861.
Bitime, betimes, 1088.
Bitogen, bestowed, applied, 1771;
guided, directed, 3796.
See Ten.
Bitold, rescued, 920;
from bitellan, to defend, rescue.
See Orm. l. 2045, and O.E.
Hom. 1st S. p. 205.
Bitterlike, bitterly, 1115;
angrily, 2030;
severely, sharply, 3896.
bitechen) gave, 212, 782,
1185;
appointed, assigned, 923, 965,
1663, 2622, 3621.
A.S. betǽcan (pret. betǽhte).
Bitagten, (pl.) delivered, consigned,
1424.
Biteg, accomplished, 2878.
See Ten.
Biten, (pl.) accomplish, 3626.
See Ten.
Biter, bitter, 3300.
Bithowte, bethought, 2735.
Bitid, befallen, 357, 1194, 1876,
1978, 2358, 3406.
Bitidde, befell, 3861.
Bitime, betimes, 1088.
Bitogen, bestowed, applied, 1771;
guided, directed, 3796.
See Ten.
Bitold, rescued, 920;
from bitellan, to defend, rescue.
See Orm. l. 2045, and O.E.
Hom. 1st S. p. 205.
Bitterlike, bitterly, 1115;
angrily, 2030;
severely, sharply, 3896.
Page 354
Biðhogte, Biðogt, Biðohte,
bethought, devised, 36, 37,
1183.
A.S. beþencan, to consider,
bethink.
Bitwen, between, 8, 251, 760, 1168,
1601, 2406.
Biueð, trembleth, 2280.
A.S. bifian, beofian.
Biwaken, (pl.) keep a wake (or
vigil) for the dead, 2444.
A.S. wæcan, to watch, wake.
Blast; (ph.) 'liues blast,' 201;
'hornes blast,' 3464.
Ble, colour, hue, 457;
appearance, 749.
A.S. bleo.
Blein, blain, 3027.
Bles, (g. sing. of ble) of colour, hue,
1725.
Blessede, turned aside, ceased,
3653, 3803.
See Blissen.
Bleð, timid, fearful, 2590, 3520,
3907.
A.S. bleáð, gentle, timid. O.N.
blauðr.
Blinne, Blinnen, to cease, 289,
1963.
bethought, devised, 36, 37,
1183.
A.S. beþencan, to consider,
bethink.
Bitwen, between, 8, 251, 760, 1168,
1601, 2406.
Biueð, trembleth, 2280.
A.S. bifian, beofian.
Biwaken, (pl.) keep a wake (or
vigil) for the dead, 2444.
A.S. wæcan, to watch, wake.
Blast; (ph.) 'liues blast,' 201;
'hornes blast,' 3464.
Ble, colour, hue, 457;
appearance, 749.
A.S. bleo.
Blein, blain, 3027.
Bles, (g. sing. of ble) of colour, hue,
1725.
Blessede, turned aside, ceased,
3653, 3803.
See Blissen.
Bleð, timid, fearful, 2590, 3520,
3907.
A.S. bleáð, gentle, timid. O.N.
blauðr.
Blinne, Blinnen, to cease, 289,
1963.
Page 355
A.S. blinnan.
Blis, Blisce, bliss, 382, 748, 3518.
Blisced, (p.p.) blessed, 1552, 1616.
Bliscede, (pret.) blessed, 163, 897,
1546.
Bliscing, blessing, 1508, 1532,
1556, 1563, 1568, 2398.
Blisse, bliss, 11, 241, 2068.
Blissen, to lessen, 553.
Du. bleschen, to quench.
Blisses, (g. sing.) of bliss, 19, 383;
pl. happiness, joys, 2350.
Bliðe, blithe, joyful, 1343, 1653.
Bliðelike, blithely, joyfully, 1424,
1499.
Blo, blue, 637, 638.
A.S. bleo; O.Du. bla.
Blod, blood, 1074, 1452, 1661,
2816.
Blod, woman, 1192.
See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v.
Blod.
Blodes, of blood, 2956.
Blomede, bloomed, flowered, 2061.
Boc, book, 523, 2522.
Blis, Blisce, bliss, 382, 748, 3518.
Blisced, (p.p.) blessed, 1552, 1616.
Bliscede, (pret.) blessed, 163, 897,
1546.
Bliscing, blessing, 1508, 1532,
1556, 1563, 1568, 2398.
Blisse, bliss, 11, 241, 2068.
Blissen, to lessen, 553.
Du. bleschen, to quench.
Blisses, (g. sing.) of bliss, 19, 383;
pl. happiness, joys, 2350.
Bliðe, blithe, joyful, 1343, 1653.
Bliðelike, blithely, joyfully, 1424,
1499.
Blo, blue, 637, 638.
A.S. bleo; O.Du. bla.
Blod, blood, 1074, 1452, 1661,
2816.
Blod, woman, 1192.
See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v.
Blod.
Blodes, of blood, 2956.
Blomede, bloomed, flowered, 2061.
Boc, book, 523, 2522.
Page 356
Bode, (subj.) should tolerate,
endure, 1594.
Bode, word, message, command,
395, 621, 939, 991, 1008,
1286, 1973, 2383, 2859.
A.S. bod, gebod, a command,
message; beódan, to
command, order, bid.
Boden, (pl. pret.) bad, commanded,
1067, 1096, 1971, 3544;
asked for, 3169;
p.p. bidden, 1430, 3111, 4115.
Bodes, commands, rules, 3528.
Bodeword, Bodewurd,
commandment, prohibition,
213, 218, 361, 2282;
message, 396, 2494, 2880, 2913.
See Bode.
Bofte = Bihofte, behoof, 1388.
A.S. be-hófian, to behove.
Bog, bough, 608.
Boge, bow, 483, 1238.
Bogt, (p.p.) bought, 1994, 3683.
Bogte, (pret.) bought, 1996.
Boken, book;
ph. 'on no boken,' 4.
Bokes, books, 3635.
endure, 1594.
Bode, word, message, command,
395, 621, 939, 991, 1008,
1286, 1973, 2383, 2859.
A.S. bod, gebod, a command,
message; beódan, to
command, order, bid.
Boden, (pl. pret.) bad, commanded,
1067, 1096, 1971, 3544;
asked for, 3169;
p.p. bidden, 1430, 3111, 4115.
Bodes, commands, rules, 3528.
Bodeword, Bodewurd,
commandment, prohibition,
213, 218, 361, 2282;
message, 396, 2494, 2880, 2913.
See Bode.
Bofte = Bihofte, behoof, 1388.
A.S. be-hófian, to behove.
Bog, bough, 608.
Boge, bow, 483, 1238.
Bogt, (p.p.) bought, 1994, 3683.
Bogte, (pret.) bought, 1996.
Boken, book;
ph. 'on no boken,' 4.
Bokes, books, 3635.
Page 357
Bold, bad, 323;
stubborn, 1917;
boldly, 2728.
Bolen. See To-bollen.
Bond, Bonde, bond, prison, 2076,
2693;
force, power, 763, 2114, 2716.
Bondes, bonds, 344, 2230.
Bone, prayer, petition, boon, 2980.
O.N. bón; A.S. bén.
Booc, book, 4124.
Bor, (pret. of beren) bore, 425.
Borde, table, board, 1210.
Boren, s. pl. bearers, 1798.
Boren, (pl. pret. of beren, to bear)
bore, 684, 1725, 1730;
p.p. born, 84, 220, 648, 655, 666,
1144;
borne, 2512, 2518.
Borgen, (p.p. of bergen) protected,
saved, 1102, 1105, 2686.
See Bergen.
Borwen, (p.p. of berge) preserved,
saved, 886, 3044.
Bosum, bosom, 2809.
Bot, (pret. of biten) bit, 2926.
stubborn, 1917;
boldly, 2728.
Bolen. See To-bollen.
Bond, Bonde, bond, prison, 2076,
2693;
force, power, 763, 2114, 2716.
Bondes, bonds, 344, 2230.
Bone, prayer, petition, boon, 2980.
O.N. bón; A.S. bén.
Booc, book, 4124.
Bor, (pret. of beren) bore, 425.
Borde, table, board, 1210.
Boren, s. pl. bearers, 1798.
Boren, (pl. pret. of beren, to bear)
bore, 684, 1725, 1730;
p.p. born, 84, 220, 648, 655, 666,
1144;
borne, 2512, 2518.
Borgen, (p.p. of bergen) protected,
saved, 1102, 1105, 2686.
See Bergen.
Borwen, (p.p. of berge) preserved,
saved, 886, 3044.
Bosum, bosom, 2809.
Bot, (pret. of biten) bit, 2926.
Page 358
Bot, Bote, salvation, deliverance
from evil, forgiveness,
atonement, 24, 2957, 3598.
A.S. bót, bótu; bétan, to amend.
Boðen, both, 328, 350, 899, 1275,
1390.
Brac, broke, 3100.
Bras, brass, 467.
Brast, (pret. of bresten) burst, 1808.
Bread-lepes, bread-baskets, 2078.
A.S. leap, a basket, hamper.
Bred, Bread, bread, 364, 1013,
1225, 2079.
Bred, (p.p.) roasted, 1013, 3147.
A.S. brǽdan, (p. brǽdde; p.p.
gebrǽd) to melt, roast.
Bredde, (pret.) melted, 3342.
Bredes, of bread, 894, 1246.
Bred-wrigte, baker, 2077.
Breken, break, 3147.
Brekeð, breaketh, 3062.
Brend, (p.p.) burnt, 3685.
Brende, (pret.) burnt, 1108, 2668,
2778, 2779.
from evil, forgiveness,
atonement, 24, 2957, 3598.
A.S. bót, bótu; bétan, to amend.
Boðen, both, 328, 350, 899, 1275,
1390.
Brac, broke, 3100.
Bras, brass, 467.
Brast, (pret. of bresten) burst, 1808.
Bread-lepes, bread-baskets, 2078.
A.S. leap, a basket, hamper.
Bred, Bread, bread, 364, 1013,
1225, 2079.
Bred, (p.p.) roasted, 1013, 3147.
A.S. brǽdan, (p. brǽdde; p.p.
gebrǽd) to melt, roast.
Bredde, (pret.) melted, 3342.
Bredes, of bread, 894, 1246.
Bred-wrigte, baker, 2077.
Breken, break, 3147.
Brekeð, breaketh, 3062.
Brend, (p.p.) burnt, 3685.
Brende, (pret.) burnt, 1108, 2668,
2778, 2779.
Page 359
Brend-fier-rein, rain of burning fire,
1110.
Brennen, to burn, 1087, 2775, 3154.
Brennen = brennende, burning,
2653.
Brenninge, (sb.) burning, 3654.
Brent, Brente, burnt, 754, 1114,
1336, 2656.
Brest, breast, 343, 370.
Brewen, to brew, produce, 4054.
Breðere, brethren, 823, 1911, 2217;
brothers', 530, 2213.
Brictest, brightest, 1910.
Bridale, wedding, 1674.
Brigt, (adj.) bright, 132, 951;
beautiful, 1058;
clear, 2780;
(sb.) brightness, 143.
Brigte, (adv.) clearly, 3763.
Brigtlike, clearly, brightly, 3491.
Brimen, to become fertile, teem,
118;
bear fruit, 1128.
A.S. breman, to have in honour.
Brimfir, burning-fire, brimstone,
754.
1110.
Brennen, to burn, 1087, 2775, 3154.
Brennen = brennende, burning,
2653.
Brenninge, (sb.) burning, 3654.
Brent, Brente, burnt, 754, 1114,
1336, 2656.
Brest, breast, 343, 370.
Brewen, to brew, produce, 4054.
Breðere, brethren, 823, 1911, 2217;
brothers', 530, 2213.
Brictest, brightest, 1910.
Bridale, wedding, 1674.
Brigt, (adj.) bright, 132, 951;
beautiful, 1058;
clear, 2780;
(sb.) brightness, 143.
Brigte, (adv.) clearly, 3763.
Brigtlike, clearly, brightly, 3491.
Brimen, to become fertile, teem,
118;
bear fruit, 1128.
A.S. breman, to have in honour.
Brimfir, burning-fire, brimstone,
754.
Page 360
Brinfires, burning-fires, brimstones,
1164.
Bringen, to bring, 312, 738, 1067;
'bringen on' = to bring against,
2032.
Briðere = breðere, brethren, 2271.
Brocte, brought, 237.
Brod, brood, 3712.
A.S. bród.
Brogt, (p.p.) Brogte, (pret.) brought,
62, 124, 219, 608, 847, 870,
874, 882, 2634.
Brogten, (pl. pret.) brought, 3546.
Broðer, brother, 420, 1394.
Bruc, (imp.) enjoy, 1831.
A.S. brúcan, (p. bréac; p.p.
gebrocen) use, enjoy, eat.
Buges, boughs, 2060.
Bunden, (p.p.) bound, 2216.
Burdene, burden, birth, 1467.
Burg, Burge, city, 812, 833, 1110,
1837.
A.S. burh, burg.
Burge-folc, townsfolk, 1854.
Burges, cities, 746, 840.
1164.
Bringen, to bring, 312, 738, 1067;
'bringen on' = to bring against,
2032.
Briðere = breðere, brethren, 2271.
Brocte, brought, 237.
Brod, brood, 3712.
A.S. bród.
Brogt, (p.p.) Brogte, (pret.) brought,
62, 124, 219, 608, 847, 870,
874, 882, 2634.
Brogten, (pl. pret.) brought, 3546.
Broðer, brother, 420, 1394.
Bruc, (imp.) enjoy, 1831.
A.S. brúcan, (p. bréac; p.p.
gebrocen) use, enjoy, eat.
Buges, boughs, 2060.
Bunden, (p.p.) bound, 2216.
Burdene, burden, birth, 1467.
Burg, Burge, city, 812, 833, 1110,
1837.
A.S. burh, burg.
Burge-folc, townsfolk, 1854.
Burges, cities, 746, 840.
Page 361
Burges, (g. sing.) of the city, 1053,
1086.
Burgt = burg, city, 727, 744, 879.
Burgt-folk = burg-folc, towns-folc,
people, 1063.
Busk, bush, 2779.
But, send out (?), 3075.
It may represent the A.S. búte,
bútu, both.
But, Bute, unless, 3017, 3616;
only, 4000.
A.S. búte.
Bute if, unless, 4059.
Buteler, butler, 2092, 2115.
Buten, about, 566.
A.S. bútan.
But-if, unless, 1713, 2698, 2949.
Buttere, butter, 1014.
Buxum, obedient, 980, 1299.
A.S. bocsum, from búgan, to
bend.
Cald, (p.p.) called, 3367, 3686.
Calde, (pret.) called, 1446, 1631,
1702.
Calden, (pl. pret.) called, 685.
1086.
Burgt = burg, city, 727, 744, 879.
Burgt-folk = burg-folc, towns-folc,
people, 1063.
Busk, bush, 2779.
But, send out (?), 3075.
It may represent the A.S. búte,
bútu, both.
But, Bute, unless, 3017, 3616;
only, 4000.
A.S. búte.
Bute if, unless, 4059.
Buteler, butler, 2092, 2115.
Buten, about, 566.
A.S. bútan.
But-if, unless, 1713, 2698, 2949.
Buttere, butter, 1014.
Buxum, obedient, 980, 1299.
A.S. bocsum, from búgan, to
bend.
Cald, (p.p.) called, 3367, 3686.
Calde, (pret.) called, 1446, 1631,
1702.
Calden, (pl. pret.) called, 685.
Page 362
Calles, callest, 3237.
Cam, came, 114, 158, 416.
Can, know, 309;
did, 2872.
Canticle, 4124.
Care, sorrow, 775.
A.S. cáru.
Carf, cut, carved, 2700.
A.S. ceorfan, (pret. cearf; p.p.
corfen) to cut, engrave.
Carte-hird, collection of carts
(chariots), 3215.
Cartes, carts, 2362.
Cast, a shadow (?), 3463.
Caue[n], a cave, 1137.
Chaf, chaff, 2889.
Chafare, chaffer, 1951.
Chare, turn, go, 2390.
Charen, to turn, depart, journey,
1712, 2436, 3010, 3055,
3704, 3986.
A.S. cérran, círran, to turn, pass
over or by.
Charite, charity, 1016.
Chartre, prison, 2043.
Cam, came, 114, 158, 416.
Can, know, 309;
did, 2872.
Canticle, 4124.
Care, sorrow, 775.
A.S. cáru.
Carf, cut, carved, 2700.
A.S. ceorfan, (pret. cearf; p.p.
corfen) to cut, engrave.
Carte-hird, collection of carts
(chariots), 3215.
Cartes, carts, 2362.
Cast, a shadow (?), 3463.
Caue[n], a cave, 1137.
Chaf, chaff, 2889.
Chafare, chaffer, 1951.
Chare, turn, go, 2390.
Charen, to turn, depart, journey,
1712, 2436, 3010, 3055,
3704, 3986.
A.S. cérran, círran, to turn, pass
over or by.
Charite, charity, 1016.
Chartre, prison, 2043.
Page 363
A.S. cwartern, a prison.
Chasthed, chastity, 2022.
Che, she, 1227.
Cherl, churl, man, fellow, 2715.
Ches, (pret. of chesen) chose,
selected, 433, 805, 807,
1250, 2736, 3672;
(imp.) 3665.
Chesen, to choose, 3429.
A.S. ceósan, (pret. ceás, p.p.
córen) to choose, select.
Chidden, (pret. pl.) chided,
rebuked, 1927.
Chiden, to chide, 2722.
Childe, child, 966, 974.
Childes, child's, 1965, 1972.
Childhede, childishness, 2652.
Childles, childless, 930.
Childre, children, 656, 715, 722.
Chirche-gong, church-going, 2465.
Chirches, churches, 511, 3197.
Chosen, (pl.) chose, 543.
Circumcicioun, circumcision, 992.
Chasthed, chastity, 2022.
Che, she, 1227.
Cherl, churl, man, fellow, 2715.
Ches, (pret. of chesen) chose,
selected, 433, 805, 807,
1250, 2736, 3672;
(imp.) 3665.
Chesen, to choose, 3429.
A.S. ceósan, (pret. ceás, p.p.
córen) to choose, select.
Chidden, (pret. pl.) chided,
rebuked, 1927.
Chiden, to chide, 2722.
Childe, child, 966, 974.
Childes, child's, 1965, 1972.
Childhede, childishness, 2652.
Childles, childless, 930.
Childre, children, 656, 715, 722.
Chirche-gong, church-going, 2465.
Chirches, churches, 511, 3197.
Chosen, (pl.) chose, 543.
Circumcicioun, circumcision, 992.
Page 364
Circumcis, circumcised, 999, 1002.
Circumcise, circumcision, 2848.
Circumcised, circumcised, 1200,
1202.
Cisternesse, pit, cistern, 1960.
Clene, clean, pure, 605, 611, 627,
777, 3454, 3637.
Clense, cleanse, 3453.
Cleped, Clepede, Clepit, called,
1198, 1274, 2631, 4099.
A.S. cleopian, to cry, call.
Clepeð, calleth, 3330.
Clerkes, clerks, learned men, 2993.
Clipping-time, shearing time, 1740.
Cliued, 'he cliued' = him cliueð =
cleaves to him, 1963.
Cliuen, to stick, fasten, 372.
A.S. clifian.
Cliueð, adheres, remains, 2384.
Cloðen, to clothe, 2630.
Colen, coals, 2653.
Comb, top, crest, 2564.
Du. kam.
Come, coming, arrival, 2267.
Circumcise, circumcision, 2848.
Circumcised, circumcised, 1200,
1202.
Cisternesse, pit, cistern, 1960.
Clene, clean, pure, 605, 611, 627,
777, 3454, 3637.
Clense, cleanse, 3453.
Cleped, Clepede, Clepit, called,
1198, 1274, 2631, 4099.
A.S. cleopian, to cry, call.
Clepeð, calleth, 3330.
Clerkes, clerks, learned men, 2993.
Clipping-time, shearing time, 1740.
Cliued, 'he cliued' = him cliueð =
cleaves to him, 1963.
Cliuen, to stick, fasten, 372.
A.S. clifian.
Cliueð, adheres, remains, 2384.
Cloðen, to clothe, 2630.
Colen, coals, 2653.
Comb, top, crest, 2564.
Du. kam.
Come, coming, arrival, 2267.
Page 365
Come, should come, 464.
Comen, (p.p.) come, 344.
Comen, (pret. pl.) came, 1979,
2611, 2940.
Coren, corn, 2104, 2237.
Corune, crown, 2638.
Corunes, crowns, 3789.
Cost, nature, kind, 3327.
A.S. cost. Icel. kostr, habits,
character.
Costful, trying, dangerous, 3880.
A.S. costian, to try.
Craflik, craftily.
Crauede, craved, asked, 1418.
Crauen, to crave, ask, demand,
1320, 1408, 1667, 1718,
2366, 3171.
Crep, (pret. of crepen) crept, 2924.
A.S. creópan, to creep (pret.
creáp, p.p. cropen).
Crepen, to creep, 610, 2560.
Crisme, chrisom, the anointing oil,
2458.
O.Fr. cresme, from χρισμα.
Cristene, Cristenei, Christian, 7, 15.
Comen, (p.p.) come, 344.
Comen, (pret. pl.) came, 1979,
2611, 2940.
Coren, corn, 2104, 2237.
Corune, crown, 2638.
Corunes, crowns, 3789.
Cost, nature, kind, 3327.
A.S. cost. Icel. kostr, habits,
character.
Costful, trying, dangerous, 3880.
A.S. costian, to try.
Craflik, craftily.
Crauede, craved, asked, 1418.
Crauen, to crave, ask, demand,
1320, 1408, 1667, 1718,
2366, 3171.
Crep, (pret. of crepen) crept, 2924.
A.S. creópan, to creep (pret.
creáp, p.p. cropen).
Crepen, to creep, 610, 2560.
Crisme, chrisom, the anointing oil,
2458.
O.Fr. cresme, from χρισμα.
Cristene, Cristenei, Christian, 7, 15.
Page 366
Cropen, crept, 2974.
Crune, crown, 2642.
Cude = cuðe, could, knew how to,
878, 2674.
Cuden = cuðen, (pl.) could, 875.
A.S. cunnan, to ken, know (pret.
cúðe, p.p. cúð).
Cum, (imp.) come, 2791.
Cume, (1st pers. sing.) come, 1037.
Cume, (p.p.) come, 1432.
Cume, (pl.) come, 2171.
Cumen, (inf.) come, 305, 505, 2337.
Cumen, (pl. pret.) came, 1065.
Cumen, (p.p.) come, 365, 410, 570,
1141, 2316.
Cumeð, (imp. pl.) come, 3485.
Cunen, (pl.) can, are able, 4054.
Cuppe, cup, 2310, 2318.
Cursen, to curse, 4005.
Cursing, (sb.) curse, 3926, 4037,
4038.
Cuðe, could, 470, 2594, 2747;
showed, 1659.
Crune, crown, 2642.
Cude = cuðe, could, knew how to,
878, 2674.
Cuden = cuðen, (pl.) could, 875.
A.S. cunnan, to ken, know (pret.
cúðe, p.p. cúð).
Cum, (imp.) come, 2791.
Cume, (1st pers. sing.) come, 1037.
Cume, (p.p.) come, 1432.
Cume, (pl.) come, 2171.
Cumen, (inf.) come, 305, 505, 2337.
Cumen, (pl. pret.) came, 1065.
Cumen, (p.p.) come, 365, 410, 570,
1141, 2316.
Cumeð, (imp. pl.) come, 3485.
Cunen, (pl.) can, are able, 4054.
Cuppe, cup, 2310, 2318.
Cursen, to curse, 4005.
Cursing, (sb.) curse, 3926, 4037,
4038.
Cuðe, could, 470, 2594, 2747;
showed, 1659.
Page 367
Cuðen, could, 3224;
knew, 2996.
Cuuel-staf, a cowl-staff, a pole for
carrying two-handled
vessels, 3710.
A.S. ceofl, cawel, a basket.
Dage, days, 'of dage brogten,' put to
death, 3545.
Dagen, to dawn, 16, 91.
A.S. dæg, a day; dægian, to shine;
dagian, to dawn; dagung,
a dawning, daybreak.
Dages, days, 3297.
Dai, day, 83, 88, 93.
Daiening, Daigening, Daning,
dawn, 77, 1808, 3264.
Daiges, day's, 3294.
Daiges, days, 2455, 2471.
Dain = ðain (?), a man, 1116.
Dais, day's, 113, 114, 157, 158.
Dais, days, 590.
Dale, dale, vale, 'sorwes dale,' 19;
'werldes dale,' 142.
Dalen, dale, 1931.
Dalf, buried, 2718.
knew, 2996.
Cuuel-staf, a cowl-staff, a pole for
carrying two-handled
vessels, 3710.
A.S. ceofl, cawel, a basket.
Dage, days, 'of dage brogten,' put to
death, 3545.
Dagen, to dawn, 16, 91.
A.S. dæg, a day; dægian, to shine;
dagian, to dawn; dagung,
a dawning, daybreak.
Dages, days, 3297.
Dai, day, 83, 88, 93.
Daiening, Daigening, Daning,
dawn, 77, 1808, 3264.
Daiges, day's, 3294.
Daiges, days, 2455, 2471.
Dain = ðain (?), a man, 1116.
Dais, day's, 113, 114, 157, 158.
Dais, days, 590.
Dale, dale, vale, 'sorwes dale,' 19;
'werldes dale,' 142.
Dalen, dale, 1931.
Dalf, buried, 2718.
Page 368
See Deluen.
Dan = ðan, then, 411, 613, et
passim.
Daning, dawn, 1808.
See Daiening and Dagen.
Dat = ðat, 224, 232, 342.
Dead, Deade, death, 312, 392, 402,
421, 2573, 3120.
Dead, deed, 2983.
Deades, death's, 268, 714, 3396.
Deai, day, 862.
Ded, Dede, death, 214, 257, 261,
265.
Ded, Dede, dead, 217, 750, 2465.
Dede, deed, 355, 502, 1150, 2662.
Dede, did, 24, 118, 224;
put, placed, 42, 576;
made, 762, 2291;
showed, 2757.
Deden, (pl. pret.) did, 1059, 1153;
made, caused, 1522, 2100, 2560;
put, 2555;
fixed, 3442;
gave, 3551.
Dedes, death's, 344, 484, 2716.
Dedes, deeds, 2459.
Dan = ðan, then, 411, 613, et
passim.
Daning, dawn, 1808.
See Daiening and Dagen.
Dat = ðat, 224, 232, 342.
Dead, Deade, death, 312, 392, 402,
421, 2573, 3120.
Dead, deed, 2983.
Deades, death's, 268, 714, 3396.
Deai, day, 862.
Ded, Dede, death, 214, 257, 261,
265.
Ded, Dede, dead, 217, 750, 2465.
Dede, deed, 355, 502, 1150, 2662.
Dede, did, 24, 118, 224;
put, placed, 42, 576;
made, 762, 2291;
showed, 2757.
Deden, (pl. pret.) did, 1059, 1153;
made, caused, 1522, 2100, 2560;
put, 2555;
fixed, 3442;
gave, 3551.
Dedes, death's, 344, 484, 2716.
Dedes, deeds, 2459.
Page 369
Dedes, deeds', 551.
Dedis = put them, 3830.
Dei, day, 78.
Deieð, dieth, 751.
Deigen, to die, 3127.
Del, a part, a whit, bit, 230, 1092,
567, 1062;
-what, -thing, 353;
parts, 3239.
A.S. dǽl, a part.
Del, (imp.) divide, 3239.
A.S. dǽlan, to divide, distribute.
Delen, (pl. pres.) divide, 151.
Delt, divided, scattered, 670, 3243.
Delte, (pret.) divided, 941.
Deluen, to bury, 2452.
A.S. delfan, to dig, delve (pret.
dealf, p.p. dolfen).
Dempt, doomed, condemned, 2038.
A.S. déman, to deem, doom.
Denede = dinede, shook, quaked,
3772.
A.S. dynian, to din.
Dep, deep, 1942.
Depe, Diep, deeply, 1873, 2655,
2770.
Dedis = put them, 3830.
Dei, day, 78.
Deieð, dieth, 751.
Deigen, to die, 3127.
Del, a part, a whit, bit, 230, 1092,
567, 1062;
-what, -thing, 353;
parts, 3239.
A.S. dǽl, a part.
Del, (imp.) divide, 3239.
A.S. dǽlan, to divide, distribute.
Delen, (pl. pres.) divide, 151.
Delt, divided, scattered, 670, 3243.
Delte, (pret.) divided, 941.
Deluen, to bury, 2452.
A.S. delfan, to dig, delve (pret.
dealf, p.p. dolfen).
Dempt, doomed, condemned, 2038.
A.S. déman, to deem, doom.
Denede = dinede, shook, quaked,
3772.
A.S. dynian, to din.
Dep, deep, 1942.
Depe, Diep, deeply, 1873, 2655,
2770.
Page 370
Der, deer, animal, 169, 178, 187,
299, 4020, 4025.
Dere, noble, precious, 271, 2247;
dear, beloved, 403, 1569.
Dere, to harm, annoy, 1588, 3514;
to injure, 4047;
destroy, 3566.
A.S. derian.
Dere, (sb.) harm, hurt, 2970, 3214,
3742.
A.S. dere, dar, daru, hurt,
damage.
Dered, Derede, harmed, hurt, 242,
2596, 3052.
Deren, to hurt, annoy, 788, 1188,
1271, 2348.
Deren, (pl. pres.) hurt, annoy, 187,
852.
Derer = dere, dear, beloved, 2399.
Deres, injuries, 3088.
Deres, animals, 4032.
Deres-kin, animals, 556.
Dereð, harms, hurts, 3818.
Derke = derðe, dearth, famine,
2237, 2345.
Derne, secret, 1950.
A.S. dearn.
299, 4020, 4025.
Dere, noble, precious, 271, 2247;
dear, beloved, 403, 1569.
Dere, to harm, annoy, 1588, 3514;
to injure, 4047;
destroy, 3566.
A.S. derian.
Dere, (sb.) harm, hurt, 2970, 3214,
3742.
A.S. dere, dar, daru, hurt,
damage.
Dered, Derede, harmed, hurt, 242,
2596, 3052.
Deren, to hurt, annoy, 788, 1188,
1271, 2348.
Deren, (pl. pres.) hurt, annoy, 187,
852.
Derer = dere, dear, beloved, 2399.
Deres, injuries, 3088.
Deres, animals, 4032.
Deres-kin, animals, 556.
Dereð, harms, hurts, 3818.
Derke = derðe, dearth, famine,
2237, 2345.
Derne, secret, 1950.
A.S. dearn.
Page 371
Derre = dearly, 3683.
Deserd, Desert, desert, 1227, 2737,
2770.
Dew, 3325.
Dhogt = ðhogt, thought, care, 1153.
Dewes, dew's, 3327.
Digere = diyere, dear, precious,
3483, 3484;
dearer, 3903.
Dik, dike, ditch, pit, 281.
Dikes, ditches, 2560.
Dim, dull, 286;
ignorant, 3673.
Dine, din, noise, 3467.
Dinede, sounded, 3464.
Dis = ðis, 63.
Diserd, desert, 975.
Do, take, put, 2781, 3604, 3819,
3822.
Dogtres, daughters, 1090, 1094.
Dole, part, 152.
Doles, parts, 151, 3243;
pieces, 952;
shares, 1512.
Deserd, Desert, desert, 1227, 2737,
2770.
Dew, 3325.
Dhogt = ðhogt, thought, care, 1153.
Dewes, dew's, 3327.
Digere = diyere, dear, precious,
3483, 3484;
dearer, 3903.
Dik, dike, ditch, pit, 281.
Dikes, ditches, 2560.
Dim, dull, 286;
ignorant, 3673.
Dine, din, noise, 3467.
Dinede, sounded, 3464.
Dis = ðis, 63.
Diserd, desert, 975.
Do, take, put, 2781, 3604, 3819,
3822.
Dogtres, daughters, 1090, 1094.
Dole, part, 152.
Doles, parts, 151, 3243;
pieces, 952;
shares, 1512.
Page 372
See Del.
Doluen, (p.p.) buried, 1895, 3200,
3685.
Doluen, (pret. pl.) dug, 3189.
Domesdai, Domesday, doomsday,
105, 505, 645.
Domme, dumb, 2821.
Don, (inf.) to do, cause, 194, 534,
1146, 3608.
Don, (pl. pres.) do, 311;
cause, 180.
Don, (p.p.) done, 345, 3012;
placed, put, 267, 381, 383, 2586,
3206.
Dor = ðor, there, 668, 897.
Dor-bi = ðor-bi, thereby, 1637.
Doð, (imp.) cause, 2351;
do, 3727.
Doð, doth, causes, 2702, 2883.
Dowter, daughter, 1847, 2147,
2599, 2601, 2603.
Dowtres, daughters, 2743.
Dragen, (p.p.) drawn, 3980;
compiled, 13;
'to dead ... dragen,' put to death,
3458;
Doluen, (p.p.) buried, 1895, 3200,
3685.
Doluen, (pret. pl.) dug, 3189.
Domesdai, Domesday, doomsday,
105, 505, 645.
Domme, dumb, 2821.
Don, (inf.) to do, cause, 194, 534,
1146, 3608.
Don, (pl. pres.) do, 311;
cause, 180.
Don, (p.p.) done, 345, 3012;
placed, put, 267, 381, 383, 2586,
3206.
Dor = ðor, there, 668, 897.
Dor-bi = ðor-bi, thereby, 1637.
Doð, (imp.) cause, 2351;
do, 3727.
Doð, doth, causes, 2702, 2883.
Dowter, daughter, 1847, 2147,
2599, 2601, 2603.
Dowtres, daughters, 2743.
Dragen, (p.p.) drawn, 3980;
compiled, 13;
'to dead ... dragen,' put to death,
3458;
Page 373
'of liue dragen,' slain, 3806;
withdrawn, 598;
led, drawn, 2046;
sprinkled, 3156.
Dragen, (inf.) to draw near to, 2360,
2378.
Dragen, (adj.) drawn, 2843.
Dragt, plan, 3624;
way, course, 3745.
Dragun, dragon, serpent, 2924.
Drake, dragon, 283.
Dranc, drank, 1660.
Drechede, delayed, 2835.
Drechen, delay, 1420, 1946.
A.S. drécan, to trouble, oppress.
Dred, dread, fear, 179, 660, 694,
698.
Dredde, dreaded, feared, 767, 1868,
3008.
Dredes, dread's, 2806.
Dredeð, (imp.) dread, 2343, 3129.
Dredful, fearful, 3520;
dreadful, 3521.
Dredi, afraid, 872.
Dref, trouble, 4144.
withdrawn, 598;
led, drawn, 2046;
sprinkled, 3156.
Dragen, (inf.) to draw near to, 2360,
2378.
Dragen, (adj.) drawn, 2843.
Dragt, plan, 3624;
way, course, 3745.
Dragun, dragon, serpent, 2924.
Drake, dragon, 283.
Dranc, drank, 1660.
Drechede, delayed, 2835.
Drechen, delay, 1420, 1946.
A.S. drécan, to trouble, oppress.
Dred, dread, fear, 179, 660, 694,
698.
Dredde, dreaded, feared, 767, 1868,
3008.
Dredes, dread's, 2806.
Dredeð, (imp.) dread, 2343, 3129.
Dredful, fearful, 3520;
dreadful, 3521.
Dredi, afraid, 872.
Dref, trouble, 4144.
Page 374
See Dreue.
Dreful, sorrowful, 2590.
See Dregen.
Dreg, suffered, endured, 429, 566,
2877.
Drege, Dregen, (pl.) endure, suffer,
bear, 512, 2208.
Dregen, (inf.) to suffer, 3235.
A.S. dreógan (pret. dreag, p.p.
drogen), to suffer, bear.
Drem, Dreme, dream, 953, 2095;
'on dreme,' in dream, 1179.
Dremen, to dream, 2067.
Drempte, (vb. impers.) dreamt,
1941, 2049, 2059, 2078,
2095.
Dremes, (pl.) dreams, 1918, 2086;
(gen.) 2112, 2114.
Dreue, to trouble, 318.
A.S. dréfan, to trouble, disturb.
Drie, dry, 616.
Dried, 3681.
Drige, dry, 3910.
Drinc, drink, 1149, 1246.
Drinkelen, to drown, 2768.
Dreful, sorrowful, 2590.
See Dregen.
Dreg, suffered, endured, 429, 566,
2877.
Drege, Dregen, (pl.) endure, suffer,
bear, 512, 2208.
Dregen, (inf.) to suffer, 3235.
A.S. dreógan (pret. dreag, p.p.
drogen), to suffer, bear.
Drem, Dreme, dream, 953, 2095;
'on dreme,' in dream, 1179.
Dremen, to dream, 2067.
Drempte, (vb. impers.) dreamt,
1941, 2049, 2059, 2078,
2095.
Dremes, (pl.) dreams, 1918, 2086;
(gen.) 2112, 2114.
Dreue, to trouble, 318.
A.S. dréfan, to trouble, disturb.
Drie, dry, 616.
Dried, 3681.
Drige, dry, 3910.
Drinc, drink, 1149, 1246.
Drinkelen, to drown, 2768.
Page 375
Drinken, to drink, 2065, 3582.
Drinkilden, (pl.) drowned, 492.
Dririhed, dreariness, 1122.
Driuen, (pres. pl.) drive, 1647;
(pret. pl.) drove, fell, 4096;
(p.p.) driuen, 307, 574, 1125;
practised, 1681.
Drof, draff, dregs, 3582.
O.Du. draf. Dan. drav; Icel. draf,
dregs.
"Draffe or drosse, or matter
stamped, pilumen."—
(Prompt. Parv.)
Drof, assemblage, 102.
A.S. dráf.
Drog, Droge, drew, 478, 1746,
1844, 3909.
Drogen, (pl.) drew, 1077.
Drogen = ? drogende, suffering,
977.
Drogen, (p.p.) suffered, 1772, 2402,
2404, 2786, 3648.
See Dregen.
Drope, drop, 1018.
Dropen, killed, 2648.
A.S. drepan (pret. dræp, p.p.
drepen), to strike, wound.
Drinkilden, (pl.) drowned, 492.
Dririhed, dreariness, 1122.
Driuen, (pres. pl.) drive, 1647;
(pret. pl.) drove, fell, 4096;
(p.p.) driuen, 307, 574, 1125;
practised, 1681.
Drof, draff, dregs, 3582.
O.Du. draf. Dan. drav; Icel. draf,
dregs.
"Draffe or drosse, or matter
stamped, pilumen."—
(Prompt. Parv.)
Drof, assemblage, 102.
A.S. dráf.
Drog, Droge, drew, 478, 1746,
1844, 3909.
Drogen, (pl.) drew, 1077.
Drogen = ? drogende, suffering,
977.
Drogen, (p.p.) suffered, 1772, 2402,
2404, 2786, 3648.
See Dregen.
Drope, drop, 1018.
Dropen, killed, 2648.
A.S. drepan (pret. dræp, p.p.
drepen), to strike, wound.
Page 376
Drug, drew, 2717.
Drugen, (pl.) drew.
Drugte, drought, dryness, 2107,
2348.
A.S. drugoð.
Drunken, drunk, 871, 1154.
Dun, down, 484, 714, 1303.
Dun, Dune, hill, 19, 587, 1101,
1295, 3380.
A.S. dún.
Dun-cumen, to descend, 1608.
Dunes, hills, 599, 644, 855, 1100.
Dune-is, down's, hill's, 1295.
Dure, door, 1082.
Duren, dare, 2239.
Dure-pin, door pin, bolt of the door,
1078.
Dure-tren, door-posts, 3155.
Durste, durst, 2593, 3968.
Dursten, (pl.) durst, 1863.
Duue, dove, 605, 944.
Dwale, heretic, apostate, 20, 67;
deceit, fraud, 4055.
Drugen, (pl.) drew.
Drugte, drought, dryness, 2107,
2348.
A.S. drugoð.
Drunken, drunk, 871, 1154.
Dun, down, 484, 714, 1303.
Dun, Dune, hill, 19, 587, 1101,
1295, 3380.
A.S. dún.
Dun-cumen, to descend, 1608.
Dunes, hills, 599, 644, 855, 1100.
Dune-is, down's, hill's, 1295.
Dure, door, 1082.
Duren, dare, 2239.
Dure-pin, door pin, bolt of the door,
1078.
Dure-tren, door-posts, 3155.
Durste, durst, 2593, 3968.
Dursten, (pl.) durst, 1863.
Duue, dove, 605, 944.
Dwale, heretic, apostate, 20, 67;
deceit, fraud, 4055.
Page 377
A.S. dwala, an error; dwelian, to
deceive.
Dwale, grief, complaint, 1037,
1220;
strife, contest, 3404.
O.E. dule, dole. Sc. dool.
Dwelledde, dwelt, 1106.
E = he, 2341, 2708.
E = he, they, 4094.
Ear, ere, before, formerly, 36, 47,
250, 284, 1089, 1757, 2562,
3080;
'ear ðanne,' ere that.
A.S. ear, ǽr.
Eares, ears (of corn), 2104.
Earuermor = eauermor, evermore,
12.
Ebrisse, Hebrew, 73.
Eddi, pleasant, good, 2086.
A.S. eadig.
Eddi-sel = happy (pleasant) time,
prosperity, 2582.
A.S. eádig, happy, blessed; sǽl,
time.
Ef = eft, again, 2337.
deceive.
Dwale, grief, complaint, 1037,
1220;
strife, contest, 3404.
O.E. dule, dole. Sc. dool.
Dwelledde, dwelt, 1106.
E = he, 2341, 2708.
E = he, they, 4094.
Ear, ere, before, formerly, 36, 47,
250, 284, 1089, 1757, 2562,
3080;
'ear ðanne,' ere that.
A.S. ear, ǽr.
Eares, ears (of corn), 2104.
Earuermor = eauermor, evermore,
12.
Ebrisse, Hebrew, 73.
Eddi, pleasant, good, 2086.
A.S. eadig.
Eddi-sel = happy (pleasant) time,
prosperity, 2582.
A.S. eádig, happy, blessed; sǽl,
time.
Ef = eft, again, 2337.
Page 378
Eft, Efte, again, 77, 365, 1169,
4032.
Egest = hegest, highest, 143, 1224.
Egte, probably miswritten for fegte,
470.
Egte, eight, 1349.
Egtende, Egtenede, eighth, 1199,
1202, 2543.
Eige, awe, fear, 2550, 3043.
A.S. ége, fear, terror.
Eilden, ? bake, 2892.
Stratmann proposes to derive it
from O.N. elda, to make a
fire.
Eld, Elde, age, 579, 705, 707, 740,
900, 1283;
on elde, in age, 1197.
A.S. eld, yld, age.
Eldes, of age, 1528.
Eld = held, 2999.
Elles, Hell's, 4157.
Elles, else, 3072;
besides, 4096.
Elmesse-gifte, alms-gift, 2466.
Elne, ells, 563, 565, 586.
Elten, knead, 2892.
4032.
Egest = hegest, highest, 143, 1224.
Egte, probably miswritten for fegte,
470.
Egte, eight, 1349.
Egtende, Egtenede, eighth, 1199,
1202, 2543.
Eige, awe, fear, 2550, 3043.
A.S. ége, fear, terror.
Eilden, ? bake, 2892.
Stratmann proposes to derive it
from O.N. elda, to make a
fire.
Eld, Elde, age, 579, 705, 707, 740,
900, 1283;
on elde, in age, 1197.
A.S. eld, yld, age.
Eldes, of age, 1528.
Eld = held, 2999.
Elles, Hell's, 4157.
Elles, else, 3072;
besides, 4096.
Elmesse-gifte, alms-gift, 2466.
Elne, ells, 563, 565, 586.
Elten, knead, 2892.
Page 379
O.N. elta. (Stratmann.)
Em, uncle, 1758.
A.S. eám.
Endede, ended, 166.
Endesið, destruction, death, 3777.
A.S. ende, end, sið, adversity.
Endesið may be an error for
unsið, from A.S. unsið,
mishap.
Ending, Endinge, death, 487, 1506,
2420, 2439.
Engle, Engleis, English, 14, 450,
814.
Erd, Erde, land, abode, 210,
383,1131, 2094, 2406.
A.S. eard, province, country.
Erdes, abodes, lands, 956.
Erdfolc, people, 1880.
Erdne, Erdene, = ernde, errand,
petition, 787, 1372, 1400,
1402.
A.S. ærend, ærende, message,
news.
Ere = here, of them, 2855, 3773.
Ereward-riche, inheritance, 1512.
Du. erfrijk.
See Erward.
Em, uncle, 1758.
A.S. eám.
Endede, ended, 166.
Endesið, destruction, death, 3777.
A.S. ende, end, sið, adversity.
Endesið may be an error for
unsið, from A.S. unsið,
mishap.
Ending, Endinge, death, 487, 1506,
2420, 2439.
Engle, Engleis, English, 14, 450,
814.
Erd, Erde, land, abode, 210,
383,1131, 2094, 2406.
A.S. eard, province, country.
Erdes, abodes, lands, 956.
Erdfolc, people, 1880.
Erdne, Erdene, = ernde, errand,
petition, 787, 1372, 1400,
1402.
A.S. ærend, ærende, message,
news.
Ere = here, of them, 2855, 3773.
Ereward-riche, inheritance, 1512.
Du. erfrijk.
See Erward.
Page 380
Erf, cattle, 183, 195, 910, 2746,
3018.
A.S. ærfe, erfe, orfe, yrfe.
Erf-kin, cattle, 3177.
Ermor = eauermor, evermore, 306.
Erneste, necessity, 411.
Erðe, earth, 40, 116, 118, 122.
Erðe-dine, earthquake, 1108, 3196.
A.S. eorð-dýne.
Erðes, earth's, 124, 1547, 1573.
Erue, cattle, 169, 174, 803, 1948,
2751.
See Erf.
Eruerilc = euerilc, every, 160.
Erward = erf-ward, heir, 934.
A.S. yrfe-weard, an heir.
Es = is, them, 135, 1535, 1700,
2176, 3025, 3097.
Est, an error for eft, 607.
Est, east, 829, 1449.
Estdede, kindness, 2758.
A.S. este, mild, favouring.
Esterne, Easter, 3289.
Et, it, 590, 3899.
3018.
A.S. ærfe, erfe, orfe, yrfe.
Erf-kin, cattle, 3177.
Ermor = eauermor, evermore, 306.
Erneste, necessity, 411.
Erðe, earth, 40, 116, 118, 122.
Erðe-dine, earthquake, 1108, 3196.
A.S. eorð-dýne.
Erðes, earth's, 124, 1547, 1573.
Erue, cattle, 169, 174, 803, 1948,
2751.
See Erf.
Eruerilc = euerilc, every, 160.
Erward = erf-ward, heir, 934.
A.S. yrfe-weard, an heir.
Es = is, them, 135, 1535, 1700,
2176, 3025, 3097.
Est, an error for eft, 607.
Est, east, 829, 1449.
Estdede, kindness, 2758.
A.S. este, mild, favouring.
Esterne, Easter, 3289.
Et, it, 590, 3899.
Page 381
Eten, (p.p.) eaten, 329;
(inf.) to eat, 364, 1531, 1538;
(pl. pres.) eat, 1779.
Eðe-moðed = eðe-moded, appeased,
1584.
Eðen = heðen, hence, 2188.
Eði-modes = eðe-moded (easy
minded), kind, gentle, 2249.
A.S. eáð, easy, gentle, mild; eáð-
mód, easy-minded,
humble.
Eððede, softened, alleviated, 1439.
Euen, evening, 1675.
Euene, even, equally, 331.
Eui, heavy, 2559.
Euerilc, every, 68, 69, 121, 2407;
each, every one, 2214, 2355.
Euerilc del, every whit, 567.
Euerilc on, every one, 185, 609.
Euerilk, every, 582.
Fader, father, 29, 1148.
Faderes, father's, 1536, 1586, 1748,
2293.
Fagen, glad, joyful, 15, 510, 854,
1331, 1343, 1551.
(inf.) to eat, 364, 1531, 1538;
(pl. pres.) eat, 1779.
Eðe-moðed = eðe-moded, appeased,
1584.
Eðen = heðen, hence, 2188.
Eði-modes = eðe-moded (easy
minded), kind, gentle, 2249.
A.S. eáð, easy, gentle, mild; eáð-
mód, easy-minded,
humble.
Eððede, softened, alleviated, 1439.
Euen, evening, 1675.
Euene, even, equally, 331.
Eui, heavy, 2559.
Euerilc, every, 68, 69, 121, 2407;
each, every one, 2214, 2355.
Euerilc del, every whit, 567.
Euerilc on, every one, 185, 609.
Euerilk, every, 582.
Fader, father, 29, 1148.
Faderes, father's, 1536, 1586, 1748,
2293.
Fagen, glad, joyful, 15, 510, 854,
1331, 1343, 1551.
Page 382
A.S. fægn, fægen, glad; fægnian,
to rejoice, be delighted
with.
Fagnede, welcomed, 1441, 1655.
Fagneden, (pl.) welcomed, 1410.
Fagt, fought, 3386, 3390.
Faier, Fair, Faire, (adj.) fair,
beautiful, 126, 127, 769,
1058, 1192;
(adv.) 1061.
Faiernesse, fairness, colour, 1233.
Faiger, (adj.) fair, beautiful, 1440,
2636, 2659;
good, 3244;
(adv.) 1396.
A.S. fæger.
Faigere, (pl.) fair, 3547.
Faigered, fairhood, beauty, 2666.
Faire, (adv.) decently, honourably,
2393, 3193.
Faire-hed, Fair-hed, beauty, 1998,
2609.
Fallen, to fall, 2734.
Fand, temptation, strife, 3737.
See Fonden.
Far, Fare, (imp.) fare, go, 737,
1288.
to rejoice, be delighted
with.
Fagnede, welcomed, 1441, 1655.
Fagneden, (pl.) welcomed, 1410.
Fagt, fought, 3386, 3390.
Faier, Fair, Faire, (adj.) fair,
beautiful, 126, 127, 769,
1058, 1192;
(adv.) 1061.
Faiernesse, fairness, colour, 1233.
Faiger, (adj.) fair, beautiful, 1440,
2636, 2659;
good, 3244;
(adv.) 1396.
A.S. fæger.
Faigere, (pl.) fair, 3547.
Faigered, fairhood, beauty, 2666.
Faire, (adv.) decently, honourably,
2393, 3193.
Faire-hed, Fair-hed, beauty, 1998,
2609.
Fallen, to fall, 2734.
Fand, temptation, strife, 3737.
See Fonden.
Far, Fare, (imp.) fare, go, 737,
1288.
Page 383
Fare, course, journey, 1434, 1989;
departure, 3179;
welfare, 2771.
A.S. fær, faru.
departure, 3179;
welfare, 2771.
A.S. fær, faru.
Page 384
Fare, (inf.) to go, 2389.
Fare, (1st pers. sing.) go, 930.
Faren, (inf.) to go, 137, 1418, 1596,
2238;
(pl. pres.) pass away, 2153;
(p.p.) gone, 3705, 4145.
A.S. faran, to go (pret. fór, p.p.
gefaren).
Fastede, fasted, 3611.
Fe, goods, 439;
cattle, 783.
A.S. feoh, cattle, money, goods.
Fear, far, 253, 2616.
Feble, weak, bad, 1072.
Fechen, Fechin, (inf.) to fetch,
1363, 1530, 2363.
Fedde, fed, 2630.
Feið, faith, 2187, 2678.
Feger, far, 764.
Fel, fell, 72, 484;
'fel wel,' prospered, 1521.
Felage, fellow, companion, 1761.
Felde, field, 440, 1437.
Fele, many, 2371, 2400, 3197.
Fare, (1st pers. sing.) go, 930.
Faren, (inf.) to go, 137, 1418, 1596,
2238;
(pl. pres.) pass away, 2153;
(p.p.) gone, 3705, 4145.
A.S. faran, to go (pret. fór, p.p.
gefaren).
Fastede, fasted, 3611.
Fe, goods, 439;
cattle, 783.
A.S. feoh, cattle, money, goods.
Fear, far, 253, 2616.
Feble, weak, bad, 1072.
Fechen, Fechin, (inf.) to fetch,
1363, 1530, 2363.
Fedde, fed, 2630.
Feið, faith, 2187, 2678.
Feger, far, 764.
Fel, fell, 72, 484;
'fel wel,' prospered, 1521.
Felage, fellow, companion, 1761.
Felde, field, 440, 1437.
Fele, many, 2371, 2400, 3197.
Page 385
Fele, defile, dishonour, A.S. fǽlan,
to defile; ? or 'to fele' = too
much, 3498.
Fellen, (pl.) fell, 65, 287, 1854,
2272.
Felte, felt, 1466.
Felten, (pl.) felt, 350.
Fen, mud, dirt, 490, 2557.
Fendes, fiend's, devil's, 25, 401.
Fendes, devils, 512, 2922, 2929.
Fendes wise, devil wise, 2961.
Fer, far, 36, 47, 1238, 1256.
Fer, sound, whole, 2812, 3469.
Dan. fór; O.N. foerr.
See Sir Gawaine and the Green
Knight, l. 103.
Ferde, went, 810, 1598, 1739, 3263.
Ferden, (pl.) went, 2306;
acted, 2921.
A.S. féran, to go.
Ferding, army, 842.
A.S. ferd, army; fyrding, an army,
expedition.
Fere, companion, 338;
companions, 3783.
A.S. fera, gefera, a companion.
to defile; ? or 'to fele' = too
much, 3498.
Fellen, (pl.) fell, 65, 287, 1854,
2272.
Felte, felt, 1466.
Felten, (pl.) felt, 350.
Fen, mud, dirt, 490, 2557.
Fendes, fiend's, devil's, 25, 401.
Fendes, devils, 512, 2922, 2929.
Fendes wise, devil wise, 2961.
Fer, far, 36, 47, 1238, 1256.
Fer, sound, whole, 2812, 3469.
Dan. fór; O.N. foerr.
See Sir Gawaine and the Green
Knight, l. 103.
Ferde, went, 810, 1598, 1739, 3263.
Ferden, (pl.) went, 2306;
acted, 2921.
A.S. féran, to go.
Ferding, army, 842.
A.S. ferd, army; fyrding, an army,
expedition.
Fere, companion, 338;
companions, 3783.
A.S. fera, gefera, a companion.
Page 386
Feren, companions, fellows, 1275,
2845.
Feren, afar, 2601.
A.S. feorran, far from.
Feres, companions, 659, 888, 2478.
Ferli, wondrous, 2774.
A.S. fǽrlíc, sudden; fǽrlíce,
suddenly, from fǽr,
sudden, fearful, strange.
Ferlike, marvellously, 2799.
Ferðe, fourth, 130, 131, 156, 157.
Fest, fastened, 2703, 3797.
Fest, Feste, feast, 1689, 2470, 3552.
Festelike, convivially, 3407.
Fet, feet, 3151.
Fet, (sing.) Fette, (pl.) fat, 2098,
2100, 2101, 2104, 2110.
Fetchden, (pl.) fetched, 2889.
Feteles, Fetles, vessel, 561, 1225,
1247, 2595, 2801.
A.S. fetels.
Feten, an error for ſeten, set, built,
2553 (?). It may = fettle.
O.Fris. fitia; Goth. fetjan, to
adorn.
Feten, fetch, 2744.
2845.
Feren, afar, 2601.
A.S. feorran, far from.
Feres, companions, 659, 888, 2478.
Ferli, wondrous, 2774.
A.S. fǽrlíc, sudden; fǽrlíce,
suddenly, from fǽr,
sudden, fearful, strange.
Ferlike, marvellously, 2799.
Ferðe, fourth, 130, 131, 156, 157.
Fest, fastened, 2703, 3797.
Fest, Feste, feast, 1689, 2470, 3552.
Festelike, convivially, 3407.
Fet, feet, 3151.
Fet, (sing.) Fette, (pl.) fat, 2098,
2100, 2101, 2104, 2110.
Fetchden, (pl.) fetched, 2889.
Feteles, Fetles, vessel, 561, 1225,
1247, 2595, 2801.
A.S. fetels.
Feten, an error for ſeten, set, built,
2553 (?). It may = fettle.
O.Fris. fitia; Goth. fetjan, to
adorn.
Feten, fetch, 2744.
Page 387
A.S. fettan.
Fette, fetched, 1535.
Fetthed, fatness, abundance, 1547.
Fier, fire, 103, 464, 1140.
Fier-isles, fire ashes, 1130.
A.S. ysla, ashes.
Fieres, fire's, 1142, 3786.
Fif, five, 527, 746.
Fifte, fifth, 158, 159, 165, 166.
Fiftene, fifteen, 415, 417.
Fifti, fifty, 578, 657.
Fifue, Fifwe, Fiue, five, 731, 852,
854, 855.
Figer, fire, 3522.
Figer, Figeren, far, 3519, 3904.
Figt, fight, 870, 886;
struggle, 1317, 1470.
Figten, (inf.) fight, 3227;
(pl.) 3572.
Figti, warlike, 546.
Figures, forms, 1006.
Fild, filled, 1225.
Fillen, fulfil, perform, 1463.
Fette, fetched, 1535.
Fetthed, fatness, abundance, 1547.
Fier, fire, 103, 464, 1140.
Fier-isles, fire ashes, 1130.
A.S. ysla, ashes.
Fieres, fire's, 1142, 3786.
Fif, five, 527, 746.
Fifte, fifth, 158, 159, 165, 166.
Fiftene, fifteen, 415, 417.
Fifti, fifty, 578, 657.
Fifue, Fifwe, Fiue, five, 731, 852,
854, 855.
Figer, fire, 3522.
Figer, Figeren, far, 3519, 3904.
Figt, fight, 870, 886;
struggle, 1317, 1470.
Figten, (inf.) fight, 3227;
(pl.) 3572.
Figti, warlike, 546.
Figures, forms, 1006.
Fild, filled, 1225.
Fillen, fulfil, perform, 1463.
Page 388
Filt, filled, 1247, 2213, 2307.
Fin, ending, death, 3852.
Finden, Findin, to find, 1877, 3246.
Findes, findest, 1768.
Fir, fire, 99, 3338.
Firmament, 95, 135.
Firme, first, 39, 43, 59, 75, 76, 78,
172.
Firmest, first, 1472, 1682, 1826,
4086.
Fis, fish, 162, 221, 299, 752.
Fisses, fishes, 2945.
Fled, put to flight, subdued, 3396.
Fledde, fled, 3384.
Fleg, fled, 430, 1136, 1745, 2806.
Flegen, to fly, 479, 610.
Fleges, flies, 192.
Fleges, flies', 3012.
Fleges-kin, flies, 3004.
Flegt = fleg, fled, 3643.
Fleis, flesh, 591, 1013, 2089.
Fleiðing, instigation, 692.
Fin, ending, death, 3852.
Finden, Findin, to find, 1877, 3246.
Findes, findest, 1768.
Fir, fire, 99, 3338.
Firmament, 95, 135.
Firme, first, 39, 43, 59, 75, 76, 78,
172.
Firmest, first, 1472, 1682, 1826,
4086.
Fis, fish, 162, 221, 299, 752.
Fisses, fishes, 2945.
Fled, put to flight, subdued, 3396.
Fledde, fled, 3384.
Fleg, fled, 430, 1136, 1745, 2806.
Flegen, to fly, 479, 610.
Fleges, flies, 192.
Fleges, flies', 3012.
Fleges-kin, flies, 3004.
Flegt = fleg, fled, 3643.
Fleis, flesh, 591, 1013, 2089.
Fleiðing, instigation, 692.
Page 389
A.S. flít, strife, offence.
Flemd, banished, 1265.
Flemede, banished, 1223.
A.S. flyman, to banish.
Flen, (inf.) to flee, 1086, 1513, (pl.)
2685.
Fles, flesh, 3316.
Flesses, flesh's, 349.
Flet, flowed, 644;
floated, 3187.
A.S. fleótan, to flow.
Fligt, Fligte, flight, 137, 161, 277,
3012.
Fliten, striven, 3689.
A.S. flítan, to strive (pret. flát,
p.p. gefliten).
Flitten, to remove, 1522.
Dan. flytte, to remove.
Flod, Flode, flood, 596, 644, 1112,
3186.
Flodes, flood's, 2096.
Flogen, (pl.) flew, 861, 3677;
(p.p.) fled, flown, 1750, 3795.
Flotes, swimming's, floating's, 162.
A.S. flótan, to swim, float; flót, a
float, raft. Stratmann
Flemd, banished, 1265.
Flemede, banished, 1223.
A.S. flyman, to banish.
Flen, (inf.) to flee, 1086, 1513, (pl.)
2685.
Fles, flesh, 3316.
Flesses, flesh's, 349.
Flet, flowed, 644;
floated, 3187.
A.S. fleótan, to flow.
Fligt, Fligte, flight, 137, 161, 277,
3012.
Fliten, striven, 3689.
A.S. flítan, to strive (pret. flát,
p.p. gefliten).
Flitten, to remove, 1522.
Dan. flytte, to remove.
Flod, Flode, flood, 596, 644, 1112,
3186.
Flodes, flood's, 2096.
Flogen, (pl.) flew, 861, 3677;
(p.p.) fled, flown, 1750, 3795.
Flotes, swimming's, floating's, 162.
A.S. flótan, to swim, float; flót, a
float, raft. Stratmann
Page 390
compares flote with
O.H.Germ. floza pinna.
Floten, (pl.) floated, 2946.
Flum, flood, 490;
river, 806, 2486;
sea, 1123.
Flures, flour's, 1013.
Fo, few, 2403.
A.S. feáw, feá.
Fode, food, 176, 894, 3146.
Fodme, productions, 124, 125.
A.S. fadung, setting in order,
disposition.
Fol, full, 211.
Folc, folk, people, 697, 770, 894.
Folckes, folk's, 4034.
Folged, (p.p.) followed, 239.
Folgede, (pret.) followed, 204,
1866.
Folgen, to follow, 28, 3272.
Folkes, folk's, people's, 2785.
Folkes-kin, people, 1864.
Folwede, followed, pursued, 880,
3187.
O.H.Germ. floza pinna.
Floten, (pl.) floated, 2946.
Flum, flood, 490;
river, 806, 2486;
sea, 1123.
Flures, flour's, 1013.
Fo, few, 2403.
A.S. feáw, feá.
Fode, food, 176, 894, 3146.
Fodme, productions, 124, 125.
A.S. fadung, setting in order,
disposition.
Fol, full, 211.
Folc, folk, people, 697, 770, 894.
Folckes, folk's, 4034.
Folged, (p.p.) followed, 239.
Folgede, (pret.) followed, 204,
1866.
Folgen, to follow, 28, 3272.
Folkes, folk's, people's, 2785.
Folkes-kin, people, 1864.
Folwede, followed, pursued, 880,
3187.
Page 391
Folwede on, pursued, 1751.
Folwen, to follow, 401.
Fon, foes, 2610, 2693.
Fond, trial, 336;
need, want, 3150.
Cf. Du. vond, scheme, device.
See Fonden.
Fond, Fonde, found, 440, 1280,
1397, 1933, 2324.
Fondeden, (pl.) tempted, 3368.
Fonden, to try, 2938;
to seek, 3476, 3946.
A.S. fandian, to try, tempt, seek,
search out.
For, (pret. of fare) went, 743, 763,
1337, 2709.
For, whether, 2651.
Forbead, Forbed, forbad, 213, 311,
1329, 2932, 2984.
Forbi, against, 3988.
Forbode, prohibition, 324.
Forboden, forbidden, 325.
A.S. forbeódan, to forbid,
prohibit.
Forbone, an error for forbode,
command, law, 3341.
Folwen, to follow, 401.
Fon, foes, 2610, 2693.
Fond, trial, 336;
need, want, 3150.
Cf. Du. vond, scheme, device.
See Fonden.
Fond, Fonde, found, 440, 1280,
1397, 1933, 2324.
Fondeden, (pl.) tempted, 3368.
Fonden, to try, 2938;
to seek, 3476, 3946.
A.S. fandian, to try, tempt, seek,
search out.
For, (pret. of fare) went, 743, 763,
1337, 2709.
For, whether, 2651.
Forbead, Forbed, forbad, 213, 311,
1329, 2932, 2984.
Forbi, against, 3988.
Forbode, prohibition, 324.
Forboden, forbidden, 325.
A.S. forbeódan, to forbid,
prohibit.
Forbone, an error for forbode,
command, law, 3341.
Page 392
Forbrac, broke down, 3049.
A.S. for-brecan, to break in two.
Forbrende, burnt up, consumed,
3784.
Fordede, killed, 426.
A.S. for-dón, to destroy.
Fordred, afraid, 1557, 1763, 2191.
Fore, departure, 2984.
A.S. fór, fóru, faru, a way,
journey.
Foren, before, 3541, 3866.
A.S. fóran, before.
Foren, (pl.) went, 2482.
See Fare.
For-fare, For-faren, to perish, 1087,
1134, 3018.
A.S. for-faran.
Forfrigted, afraid, frightened, 3519.
Forgaf, forgave, 2499.
Forgat, forgot, 2092.
Forgeten, (inf.) to forget, 912, 1400,
1806;
(p.p.) forgotten, 1152, 2179, 3128.
For-hadede, consecrated (by
burning), 3338.
A.S. hadian, to consecrate.
? for-ha[r]dede, hardened.
A.S. for-brecan, to break in two.
Forbrende, burnt up, consumed,
3784.
Fordede, killed, 426.
A.S. for-dón, to destroy.
Fordred, afraid, 1557, 1763, 2191.
Fore, departure, 2984.
A.S. fór, fóru, faru, a way,
journey.
Foren, before, 3541, 3866.
A.S. fóran, before.
Foren, (pl.) went, 2482.
See Fare.
For-fare, For-faren, to perish, 1087,
1134, 3018.
A.S. for-faran.
Forfrigted, afraid, frightened, 3519.
Forgaf, forgave, 2499.
Forgat, forgot, 2092.
Forgeten, (inf.) to forget, 912, 1400,
1806;
(p.p.) forgotten, 1152, 2179, 3128.
For-hadede, consecrated (by
burning), 3338.
A.S. hadian, to consecrate.
? for-ha[r]dede, hardened.
Page 393
For-held, withheld, 2026.
For-hele, (subj.) hide, 3512.
For-helen, (inf.) to hide, 2593.
A.S. for-hélan, to hide, conceal.
For-hid, hidden, concealed, 1875.
For-hirked, tired of, 3658.
A.S. earg, slothful, dull, timid;
yrhð, sloth, fear.
For-holen, For-olen, (p.p.)
concealed, hidden, 1747,
1759, 1870, 2317, 2331,
3446.
For-hugede, rejected, 3814.
A.S. for-hugian, to despise.
Forles, lost, 189, 259, 502, 808.
A.S. for-leósan, to lose.
For-leten, (pl.) forsook, 4068.
For-listede, from forlisten, to desire
greatly, yearn for (see Orm.
l. 11475);
or does forlistede = deceived (?),
1851.
Cf. Ger. list, craft, deceit.
For-loren, (pret. pl.) lost, 241;
(p.p.) 1886, 2511, 3468;
accursed, reprobate, 546;
destroyed, 1143.
For-numen, taken away, 2228.
For-hele, (subj.) hide, 3512.
For-helen, (inf.) to hide, 2593.
A.S. for-hélan, to hide, conceal.
For-hid, hidden, concealed, 1875.
For-hirked, tired of, 3658.
A.S. earg, slothful, dull, timid;
yrhð, sloth, fear.
For-holen, For-olen, (p.p.)
concealed, hidden, 1747,
1759, 1870, 2317, 2331,
3446.
For-hugede, rejected, 3814.
A.S. for-hugian, to despise.
Forles, lost, 189, 259, 502, 808.
A.S. for-leósan, to lose.
For-leten, (pl.) forsook, 4068.
For-listede, from forlisten, to desire
greatly, yearn for (see Orm.
l. 11475);
or does forlistede = deceived (?),
1851.
Cf. Ger. list, craft, deceit.
For-loren, (pret. pl.) lost, 241;
(p.p.) 1886, 2511, 3468;
accursed, reprobate, 546;
destroyed, 1143.
For-numen, taken away, 2228.
Page 394
See Nimen.
For-quat, wherefore, 1657, 2053.
For-red, deceived, 2192.
A.S. forrǽdan, to mislead,
deceive.
For-sake, deny, 1767.
For-saken, refused, 3811.
For-sanc, sank entirely, 1114, 1117.
For-soc, refused, 1833.
For-sweðen, burn up, consume,
1140.
O.N. sviða, to burn, consume.
Forð, forth, away, forward, 249,
262, 578.
For-ðan, therefore, 1190, 1261;
because, 1996;
thereupon, 3162.
Forð-do, utter, 3993.
Forðe, perform, 1372.
Forðen, to promote, further,
accomplish, 341, 4080;
follow, 4059.
A.S. fyrðrian, to further, support.
Forðere, further, 1304, 3488.
Forð-for, departure, exodus, 3158.
For-quat, wherefore, 1657, 2053.
For-red, deceived, 2192.
A.S. forrǽdan, to mislead,
deceive.
For-sake, deny, 1767.
For-saken, refused, 3811.
For-sanc, sank entirely, 1114, 1117.
For-soc, refused, 1833.
For-sweðen, burn up, consume,
1140.
O.N. sviða, to burn, consume.
Forð, forth, away, forward, 249,
262, 578.
For-ðan, therefore, 1190, 1261;
because, 1996;
thereupon, 3162.
Forð-do, utter, 3993.
Forðe, perform, 1372.
Forðen, to promote, further,
accomplish, 341, 4080;
follow, 4059.
A.S. fyrðrian, to further, support.
Forðere, further, 1304, 3488.
Forð-for, departure, exodus, 3158.
Page 395
A.S. forð-faru.
Forð-geden, (pl.) passed, 1755.
See Gede.
Forð-glod, passed away, 113, 129,
157.
See Glod.
Forð-gon, extended, 835;
pass, 845;
gone, 2819.
Forði, therefore, wherefore, 1581,
1591.
A.S. forði.
Forð-nam, forth went, 3351.
See Nimen.
Forð-nimen, proceed, 2676.
Forð-numen, passed, 3640.
Forð-wexen, (pl.) passed, 1211.
For-token, token, sign, 2994.
Forward, covenant, agreement,
1719, 1992, 3014.
A.S. for-weard.
Forwerti, fowertieðe, fortieth, 3439.
For-went, changed, 1121.
See Wente.
For-weried, fatigued, 3894.
For-wrogt, accursed, 266.
Forð-geden, (pl.) passed, 1755.
See Gede.
Forð-glod, passed away, 113, 129,
157.
See Glod.
Forð-gon, extended, 835;
pass, 845;
gone, 2819.
Forði, therefore, wherefore, 1581,
1591.
A.S. forði.
Forð-nam, forth went, 3351.
See Nimen.
Forð-nimen, proceed, 2676.
Forð-numen, passed, 3640.
Forð-wexen, (pl.) passed, 1211.
For-token, token, sign, 2994.
Forward, covenant, agreement,
1719, 1992, 3014.
A.S. for-weard.
Forwerti, fowertieðe, fortieth, 3439.
For-went, changed, 1121.
See Wente.
For-weried, fatigued, 3894.
For-wrogt, accursed, 266.
Page 396
Fostre, foster, nurse, 2620, 2624,
2625.
Fostred, fostered, brought up, 2618.
Fot, Fote, foot, 376, 1303, 1474;
'to fot,' at the feet, 2497.
Foueles, fowls, birds, 570, 947.
Foure, Fowre, four, 559, 814, 816,
852.
Fowerti, fourty, 583, 589, 601,
3348.
Fowrtende, fourteenth, 3143.
Frame, profit, advantage, 133, 173,
626, 1837;
benefit, 2540.
Framen, to profit, serve, 1642;
use, 3146.
A.S. framian, to avail; freme,
profit, gain.
Fre, free, 623, 3244.
Freinen, to question, 1047;
inquire, ask, 1426, 1643, 1792.
A.S. fregnan, to inquire,
interrogate.
Freinede, inquired, 2759.
Frelike, freely, 2800.
Fremen, to strengthen, aid, comfort,
173, 1245.
2625.
Fostred, fostered, brought up, 2618.
Fot, Fote, foot, 376, 1303, 1474;
'to fot,' at the feet, 2497.
Foueles, fowls, birds, 570, 947.
Foure, Fowre, four, 559, 814, 816,
852.
Fowerti, fourty, 583, 589, 601,
3348.
Fowrtende, fourteenth, 3143.
Frame, profit, advantage, 133, 173,
626, 1837;
benefit, 2540.
Framen, to profit, serve, 1642;
use, 3146.
A.S. framian, to avail; freme,
profit, gain.
Fre, free, 623, 3244.
Freinen, to question, 1047;
inquire, ask, 1426, 1643, 1792.
A.S. fregnan, to inquire,
interrogate.
Freinede, inquired, 2759.
Frelike, freely, 2800.
Fremen, to strengthen, aid, comfort,
173, 1245.
Page 397
A.S. fremian, to profit, prosper, do
well.
Fremeðe, force, lust, 349.
A.S. freom, strong.
Fren, to deliver, rescue, 2787.
A.S. freón, to set free.
Frend, friend, 1084, 3587.
Frend, friends, 1775.
Frendes, friend's, 1270; friends',
1392, 1597.
Frenkis, French, 81.
Freten, to eat, devour, 371, 4027;
(p.p.) devoured, 2101.
A.S. fretan, to eat, fret (pret. fræt,
p.p. freten).
Frigt, fright, fear, 1234.
Frigted, Frigtede, feared, 1861,
3978;
frightened, 1757.
Frigtful, timid, 3459.
Frigti, timid, frightened, afraid, 667,
1162, 1331, 2849;
formidable, 984.
Frigtihed, fear, awe, 542, 2222.
Frigtilike, Frigtlike, timidly, 1617,
2163, 3870.
well.
Fremeðe, force, lust, 349.
A.S. freom, strong.
Fren, to deliver, rescue, 2787.
A.S. freón, to set free.
Frend, friend, 1084, 3587.
Frend, friends, 1775.
Frendes, friend's, 1270; friends',
1392, 1597.
Frenkis, French, 81.
Freten, to eat, devour, 371, 4027;
(p.p.) devoured, 2101.
A.S. fretan, to eat, fret (pret. fræt,
p.p. freten).
Frigt, fright, fear, 1234.
Frigted, Frigtede, feared, 1861,
3978;
frightened, 1757.
Frigtful, timid, 3459.
Frigti, timid, frightened, afraid, 667,
1162, 1331, 2849;
formidable, 984.
Frigtihed, fear, awe, 542, 2222.
Frigtilike, Frigtlike, timidly, 1617,
2163, 3870.
Page 398
Frið, protection, safety, 681, 683,
789.
Friðe, Friðen, preserve, protect,
786, 1070, 2335;
deliver, 3094;
prosper, 1520.
A.S. frið, peace; friðian, to make
peace, protect, defend,
keep, free.
Fro, from, 89, 261;
from the time that, 3206;
ph. fro ðan, from that time, 188;
from that place, 1247;
fro ða = fro ðan, 1264.
O.N. frá.
Froren, frozen, 97.
Cf. frore (Milton); and forloren
from forleosan.
Froskes, frogs, 2977;
frogs', 2969.
A.S. frosc.
Froðer[ed]e, comforted, 893.
A.S. freoðian, to protect, give
peace to.
Froward, from, 3322.
Froure, comfort, consolation, 54.
A.S. frofer, comfort; frofrian, to
comfort.
Fruit, 216.
789.
Friðe, Friðen, preserve, protect,
786, 1070, 2335;
deliver, 3094;
prosper, 1520.
A.S. frið, peace; friðian, to make
peace, protect, defend,
keep, free.
Fro, from, 89, 261;
from the time that, 3206;
ph. fro ðan, from that time, 188;
from that place, 1247;
fro ða = fro ðan, 1264.
O.N. frá.
Froren, frozen, 97.
Cf. frore (Milton); and forloren
from forleosan.
Froskes, frogs, 2977;
frogs', 2969.
A.S. frosc.
Froðer[ed]e, comforted, 893.
A.S. freoðian, to protect, give
peace to.
Froward, from, 3322.
Froure, comfort, consolation, 54.
A.S. frofer, comfort; frofrian, to
comfort.
Fruit, 216.
Page 399
Fuel, fowl, 160, 161, 1124.
Fueles, fowls, 16.
Fugel, foul, 2556.
Fugel, fowl, bird, 221, 299.
A.S. fugel.
Fugeles, fowls, 2081, 2089, 3323,
3679.
Fugel-fligt, fowl-flight, 3321.
Ful, full, 109, 110, 111.
Fulfillen, perform, 1222.
Fulfilt, accomplished, 1950.
Fulsum, rich, plenteous, abundant,
748, 2153.
Fulsum-hed, abundance, 1548,
2128, 2297, 3320.
Fultum, aid, help, 2824, 3929.
A.S. fultum, help.
Funde, Funden, (pl.) found, 1973,
2948, 3298, 3299.
Funden, (p.p.) found, 3190, 3366;
discovered, 3301.
Funden, to go, 2831, 2958.
A.S. fundian, to go forward.
Fundend = funden et, found it,
1082.
Fueles, fowls, 16.
Fugel, foul, 2556.
Fugel, fowl, bird, 221, 299.
A.S. fugel.
Fugeles, fowls, 2081, 2089, 3323,
3679.
Fugel-fligt, fowl-flight, 3321.
Ful, full, 109, 110, 111.
Fulfillen, perform, 1222.
Fulfilt, accomplished, 1950.
Fulsum, rich, plenteous, abundant,
748, 2153.
Fulsum-hed, abundance, 1548,
2128, 2297, 3320.
Fultum, aid, help, 2824, 3929.
A.S. fultum, help.
Funde, Funden, (pl.) found, 1973,
2948, 3298, 3299.
Funden, (p.p.) found, 3190, 3366;
discovered, 3301.
Funden, to go, 2831, 2958.
A.S. fundian, to go forward.
Fundend = funden et, found it,
1082.
Page 400
Funt, font, 3290.
Gad, a rod, 3185.
A.S. gád, goad.
Gaderen, gather, 2134, 3335.
Gaf, Gafe, gave, 232, 238, 681,
1500.
Gamen, pleasure, 411, 2015;
sport, 3498;
tricks, 1214.
A.S. gamen.
Gan, did, 91, 1417, 1421.
Gare = yare, soon, quickly, 390,
2866, 3180.
A.S. gare, gearo.
Garen, prepare, get ready for a
journey, 1417, 1595;
exhibit, show, 138;
to hasten, 3168.
A.S. gearwan, gyrwan, to make
ready, prepare.
Garkede, arrayed, 3261.
Garknede, prepared, 3240.
O.E. yark; A.S. gearcian, to
prepare, make ready.
Gast, ghost, 202, 2428.
A.S. gást.
Gastes, ghost's, 1486, 2994.
Gad, a rod, 3185.
A.S. gád, goad.
Gaderen, gather, 2134, 3335.
Gaf, Gafe, gave, 232, 238, 681,
1500.
Gamen, pleasure, 411, 2015;
sport, 3498;
tricks, 1214.
A.S. gamen.
Gan, did, 91, 1417, 1421.
Gare = yare, soon, quickly, 390,
2866, 3180.
A.S. gare, gearo.
Garen, prepare, get ready for a
journey, 1417, 1595;
exhibit, show, 138;
to hasten, 3168.
A.S. gearwan, gyrwan, to make
ready, prepare.
Garkede, arrayed, 3261.
Garknede, prepared, 3240.
O.E. yark; A.S. gearcian, to
prepare, make ready.
Gast, ghost, 202, 2428.
A.S. gást.
Gastes, ghost's, 1486, 2994.
Page 401
Gat, Gatte, Gatten, granted, 635,
1574, 2477, 2513;
gave, 659.
A.S. geatan, to grant. O.N. geta.
Ge = ghe, she, 1024.
Ge, ye, 329, 330.
Geald, requited, 2581.
See Gelden.
Gede, went, 618, 1236, 1947, 3057.
Geden, (pl.) went, 1034, 3195;
passed away, 1673.
Gef, if, 311.
Geld, (pret.) performed, 1884;
requited, 2758;
(imp.) requite, 2152.
Gelden, to requite, reward, 6;
pay, 1628.
A.S. geldan, to pay, yield, restore
(pret. geald, p.p. golden).
Gelus, jealous, 3495.
Gem, heed, 2614.
A.S. geame, gyme, care.
Geming, care, protection, 2783.
A.S. gýman, to take care of,
preserve.
Ger, year, 150, 152.
1574, 2477, 2513;
gave, 659.
A.S. geatan, to grant. O.N. geta.
Ge = ghe, she, 1024.
Ge, ye, 329, 330.
Geald, requited, 2581.
See Gelden.
Gede, went, 618, 1236, 1947, 3057.
Geden, (pl.) went, 1034, 3195;
passed away, 1673.
Gef, if, 311.
Geld, (pret.) performed, 1884;
requited, 2758;
(imp.) requite, 2152.
Gelden, to requite, reward, 6;
pay, 1628.
A.S. geldan, to pay, yield, restore
(pret. geald, p.p. golden).
Gelus, jealous, 3495.
Gem, heed, 2614.
A.S. geame, gyme, care.
Geming, care, protection, 2783.
A.S. gýman, to take care of,
preserve.
Ger, year, 150, 152.
Page 402
Ger, years, 415, 419.
Gerde = yard, rod, 2851, 2987.
A.S. geard.
Gere, an error for dere, precious,
1574.
Geren, set in order (for burial,)
2441.
See Garen.
Geres, years, 2153.
Gerken, prepare, 2255.
See Garknede.
Gerneden, (pl.) yearned, 3657.
Geste, guest, 1054;
guests, 1070.
Gestning, feast, festival, 1507.
A.S. gyst, a guest; gystenlíc,
hospitable.
Get, (pret.) poured, flowed, 585;
(imp.) pour, 2815.
A.S. geótan, to pour, pour out,
shed (pret. geát, p.p.
gegoten).
Get, Gete, yet, 313, 375, 503, 1488.
Gete, obtain, get, 1497.
Geten, melt, cast, 3548.
See Get.
Getenes = yetenes, giants, 545.
Gerde = yard, rod, 2851, 2987.
A.S. geard.
Gere, an error for dere, precious,
1574.
Geren, set in order (for burial,)
2441.
See Garen.
Geres, years, 2153.
Gerken, prepare, 2255.
See Garknede.
Gerneden, (pl.) yearned, 3657.
Geste, guest, 1054;
guests, 1070.
Gestning, feast, festival, 1507.
A.S. gyst, a guest; gystenlíc,
hospitable.
Get, (pret.) poured, flowed, 585;
(imp.) pour, 2815.
A.S. geótan, to pour, pour out,
shed (pret. geát, p.p.
gegoten).
Get, Gete, yet, 313, 375, 503, 1488.
Gete, obtain, get, 1497.
Geten, melt, cast, 3548.
See Get.
Getenes = yetenes, giants, 545.
Page 403
A.S. eóten, a giant.
Getenisse, gigantic, 3715.
Gette, poured, 582.
Geue, given, 301.
Geuelic, like, 282.
A.S. ge-efenlǽcan, to be like.
Geuelengðhe (even length),
equinox, 147, 149.
Geuen, to give, 1508, 2398;
given, 2458.
Ghe = she, 237, 337, 339.
Ghe = ghet, yet, 1477.
Gif, (imp.) give, 1492.
Giftes, gifts, 1416.
Gildes = cildes, child's, 2624.
Gilt, Gilte, guilt, 2262, 2409.
Ging, king, 2547.
Ginge, young, 4049.
A.S. ging.
Ginges, king's, 3932.
Girt, girded, 3149.
Gisarme, pike, axe, 4084.
Gisce, covet, 3515.
Getenisse, gigantic, 3715.
Gette, poured, 582.
Geue, given, 301.
Geuelic, like, 282.
A.S. ge-efenlǽcan, to be like.
Geuelengðhe (even length),
equinox, 147, 149.
Geuen, to give, 1508, 2398;
given, 2458.
Ghe = she, 237, 337, 339.
Ghe = ghet, yet, 1477.
Gif, (imp.) give, 1492.
Giftes, gifts, 1416.
Gildes = cildes, child's, 2624.
Gilt, Gilte, guilt, 2262, 2409.
Ging, king, 2547.
Ginge, young, 4049.
A.S. ging.
Ginges, king's, 3932.
Girt, girded, 3149.
Gisarme, pike, axe, 4084.
Gisce, covet, 3515.
Page 404
Giscing, covetousness, 1874, 3432,
3516.
A.S. gítsung, desire.
Gisse, covetest, 3517.
A.S. gítsian, to desire.
Gister-dai, yesterday, 2732.
Giuen, to give, 11, 1613.
Glað, Glaðe, = glade; glad, 1779;
2297, 3671.
Glente, looked affrighted, stared in
astonishment, 1029.
It signifies originally merely to
shine, look.
"Þys persone lay and lokede furth
Vntyl a cofre yn þe florthe;
Þar-to þe frere gaf gode tente
Whyderwarde hys eyȝen glente."
—(Robt. of Brunne's Handlying
Synne.)
Glew, music, 459.
A.S. gleó.
Gliden, (inf.) to glide, go, 370, 952;
flowed, (pret pl.) 733;
(p.p.) passed, 3460.
Glod, glided, passed, 76, 113, 129.
Gnattes, gnats', 2988.
God, Gode, good, 1191, 1545,
1576.
3516.
A.S. gítsung, desire.
Gisse, covetest, 3517.
A.S. gítsian, to desire.
Gister-dai, yesterday, 2732.
Giuen, to give, 11, 1613.
Glað, Glaðe, = glade; glad, 1779;
2297, 3671.
Glente, looked affrighted, stared in
astonishment, 1029.
It signifies originally merely to
shine, look.
"Þys persone lay and lokede furth
Vntyl a cofre yn þe florthe;
Þar-to þe frere gaf gode tente
Whyderwarde hys eyȝen glente."
—(Robt. of Brunne's Handlying
Synne.)
Glew, music, 459.
A.S. gleó.
Gliden, (inf.) to glide, go, 370, 952;
flowed, (pret pl.) 733;
(p.p.) passed, 3460.
Glod, glided, passed, 76, 113, 129.
Gnattes, gnats', 2988.
God, Gode, good, 1191, 1545,
1576.
Page 405
God, goeth, 2030.
Gode, 'to gode,' gratuitously, 2890.
Gode-frigtihed, Godes-frigtihed,
god-fearingness, the fear of
God, 495, 542.
Godfulhed, godhead, 56.
Gol = gold, 1872.
Godun, (acc.) good, 1430.
Golhed, lust, 534.
A.S. gál, wanton; gálnes, lust.
Gon, (inf.) to go, 643, 845, 2561;
(pl.) go, 3124;
(p.p.) gone, 639, 835;
departed, 4128.
Goren, darts, 3458.
A.S. gár, a dart, javelin.
Got, goat, 940.
Goð, (imp.) come, 3585.
Goð, God, 4132.
Goue, should give, 3941.
Gouel, tax, tribute, 844, 846, 848.
A.S. gafel, gafol, tax, tribute.
Gouen, (pl.) gave, 844, 2922, 2975.
Grantede, consented, 1423.
Gode, 'to gode,' gratuitously, 2890.
Gode-frigtihed, Godes-frigtihed,
god-fearingness, the fear of
God, 495, 542.
Godfulhed, godhead, 56.
Gol = gold, 1872.
Godun, (acc.) good, 1430.
Golhed, lust, 534.
A.S. gál, wanton; gálnes, lust.
Gon, (inf.) to go, 643, 845, 2561;
(pl.) go, 3124;
(p.p.) gone, 639, 835;
departed, 4128.
Goren, darts, 3458.
A.S. gár, a dart, javelin.
Got, goat, 940.
Goð, (imp.) come, 3585.
Goð, God, 4132.
Goue, should give, 3941.
Gouel, tax, tribute, 844, 846, 848.
A.S. gafel, gafol, tax, tribute.
Gouen, (pl.) gave, 844, 2922, 2975.
Grantede, consented, 1423.
Page 406
Grapte, felt, grasped, 1544.
A.S. grápian, to feel, grope.
Gram, fierce, 1228.
A.S. gram, furious, fierce.
Grauen, (inf.) to bury, 3778;
(p.p.) dug, 1138;
buried, 2431;
carved, 2701, 3186, 3624.
Grauen, an error for þrauen,
control, 276.
A.S. þrafian, to urge, compel.
Graunte, grant, 2536.
Gred, (sb.) cry, clamour, 3230,
3717.
Gredde, cried, 3585.
A.S. grædan, to cry, call.
Gredi, hungry, 1494.
A.S. grǽdig, greedy, from
grædan, to cry, call for.
Goth. gredags, hungry.
Grei, grey, 1723.
Greim, grievous, hard, 392.
A.S. gremian, to make severe or
cruel; grim, rage; grim,
sharp, bitter.
Greiðet, hastens, 1738.
O.N. greiða, to make ready.
Grene, green, 608, 2775, 2776.
A.S. grápian, to feel, grope.
Gram, fierce, 1228.
A.S. gram, furious, fierce.
Grauen, (inf.) to bury, 3778;
(p.p.) dug, 1138;
buried, 2431;
carved, 2701, 3186, 3624.
Grauen, an error for þrauen,
control, 276.
A.S. þrafian, to urge, compel.
Graunte, grant, 2536.
Gred, (sb.) cry, clamour, 3230,
3717.
Gredde, cried, 3585.
A.S. grædan, to cry, call.
Gredi, hungry, 1494.
A.S. grǽdig, greedy, from
grædan, to cry, call for.
Goth. gredags, hungry.
Grei, grey, 1723.
Greim, grievous, hard, 392.
A.S. gremian, to make severe or
cruel; grim, rage; grim,
sharp, bitter.
Greiðet, hastens, 1738.
O.N. greiða, to make ready.
Grene, green, 608, 2775, 2776.
Page 407
Gres, grass, 3049, 3088.
Gresseoppes, grasshoppers, locusts,
3065.
A.S. gærshoppa, grasshopper.
Gret, great, 2098, 3226.
Gret, grit, earth, 3774.
A.S. greót, dust, earth.
Gret, (sb.) weeping, 3888.
Gret, wept, 1975, 2287, 2341.
A.S. grǽtan, to weep (pret. grét;
p.p. grǽten).
Grete, (pl.) great, 2892.
Greten, (pl.) wept, cried, 3207,
3659.
Greteð, greeteth, 2382, 2864.
Greueð, grieveth, 3818.
Grið, protection, safety, security,
469, 560, 682, 1397.
A.S. grið, peace, protection;
griðian, to protect, defend.
Grot, weeping, mourning,
lamentation, 1577, 1978,
2289, 3717.
See Gret.
Groten, to bewail, 1984.
Grucheden, murmured, 3354.
Gresseoppes, grasshoppers, locusts,
3065.
A.S. gærshoppa, grasshopper.
Gret, great, 2098, 3226.
Gret, grit, earth, 3774.
A.S. greót, dust, earth.
Gret, (sb.) weeping, 3888.
Gret, wept, 1975, 2287, 2341.
A.S. grǽtan, to weep (pret. grét;
p.p. grǽten).
Grete, (pl.) great, 2892.
Greten, (pl.) wept, cried, 3207,
3659.
Greteð, greeteth, 2382, 2864.
Greueð, grieveth, 3818.
Grið, protection, safety, security,
469, 560, 682, 1397.
A.S. grið, peace, protection;
griðian, to protect, defend.
Grot, weeping, mourning,
lamentation, 1577, 1978,
2289, 3717.
See Gret.
Groten, to bewail, 1984.
Grucheden, murmured, 3354.
Page 408
Gruching, murmuring, 3318.
Grund, Grunð, ground, 2110, 2640,
3278.
Grunden, (pret. pl.) ground, 3339.
Grusnede, groaned, 481.
O.N. grijsen, grijnsen, to snarl,
grin. Ger. grausen, to
shudder, grunzen, to grunt.
Gu, you, 325, 399, 2260.
Guglond, kingdom, 1264.
Gulden, (pl.) requited, 1062;
(p.p.) requited, 927.
Gummes = gimmes, gems, 2700.
A.S. gimm.
Gunc, you two, 2830.
A.S. inc.
Gund, Gunde, yonder, 1101;
there, 3851.
A.S. geond.
Gune, (pl.) did, 3135.
Gunen. See Gunne.
Gunge, young, 2281, 2756.
Gungere, younger, 1508, 1510.
Gungest, Gunkeste, youngest, 1909,
2160, 2190.
Grund, Grunð, ground, 2110, 2640,
3278.
Grunden, (pret. pl.) ground, 3339.
Grusnede, groaned, 481.
O.N. grijsen, grijnsen, to snarl,
grin. Ger. grausen, to
shudder, grunzen, to grunt.
Gu, you, 325, 399, 2260.
Guglond, kingdom, 1264.
Gulden, (pl.) requited, 1062;
(p.p.) requited, 927.
Gummes = gimmes, gems, 2700.
A.S. gimm.
Gunc, you two, 2830.
A.S. inc.
Gund, Gunde, yonder, 1101;
there, 3851.
A.S. geond.
Gune, (pl.) did, 3135.
Gunen. See Gunne.
Gunge, young, 2281, 2756.
Gungere, younger, 1508, 1510.
Gungest, Gunkeste, youngest, 1909,
2160, 2190.
Page 409
Gunker, of you two, both your, 398.
A.S. incer.
Gunne, Gunnen, Gunen, (pl.) did,
218, 534, 540, 592, 1344,
1953, 2378, 2492, 2755.
Gur, Gure, your, 404, 2178, 2260;
of you, 2318, 3471.
Guð, youth, 2665.
A.S. gugoð, youth.
Hadde, (pret.) had, 193, 3392.
Hadden, (pret. pl.) had, 413, 2930.
Hagte = agte, possession, wealth,
431, 2582.
See Agte.
Hagt = agt, sorrow, grief, care, 486,
2044, 2082.
See Agte.
Haigre, hair cloth, 1977.
See Allit. Poems, C. 373.
A.S. hæra, sackcloth.
Halge, hallow, 3501.
Halle, all, 2340.
Hali, holy, 54;
'hali day,' 3501;
'hali gast,' 202, 2438.
Halp, helped, succoured, 26.
A.S. incer.
Gunne, Gunnen, Gunen, (pl.) did,
218, 534, 540, 592, 1344,
1953, 2378, 2492, 2755.
Gur, Gure, your, 404, 2178, 2260;
of you, 2318, 3471.
Guð, youth, 2665.
A.S. gugoð, youth.
Hadde, (pret.) had, 193, 3392.
Hadden, (pret. pl.) had, 413, 2930.
Hagte = agte, possession, wealth,
431, 2582.
See Agte.
Hagt = agt, sorrow, grief, care, 486,
2044, 2082.
See Agte.
Haigre, hair cloth, 1977.
See Allit. Poems, C. 373.
A.S. hæra, sackcloth.
Halge, hallow, 3501.
Halle, all, 2340.
Hali, holy, 54;
'hali day,' 3501;
'hali gast,' 202, 2438.
Halp, helped, succoured, 26.
Page 410
Ham, am, 926.
Hane, torment, oppression, 3354.
A.S. hýnan, to hurt, vex; hean,
poor; hænð, want.
Hangen, hanged, 4075.
Hard, obstinate, 3061;
(adv.) hard, 3386.
Harde, troublesome, difficult, 2054;
severely, 3355.
Hardi, fearless, 2121.
Hardnesse, obstinacy, 3022, 3067.
Haswed, spotted, variegated, 1723.
A.S. haso, livid, dusky, dark,
rugged, haswig,
variegated.
Hatte, called.
See Het.
Hatel, severe, cruel, 2544.
A.S. hétol; S.Sax. hatel.
Heg, Hege, high, 2011;
loud, 2780, 3380, 4100.
A.S. heg, heh.
Hegere, higher, upper, 3392.
Hegest, highest, 30, 2142.
Heilnesse, health, 2068.
A.S. hǽlnes, wholeness, health.
Hane, torment, oppression, 3354.
A.S. hýnan, to hurt, vex; hean,
poor; hænð, want.
Hangen, hanged, 4075.
Hard, obstinate, 3061;
(adv.) hard, 3386.
Harde, troublesome, difficult, 2054;
severely, 3355.
Hardi, fearless, 2121.
Hardnesse, obstinacy, 3022, 3067.
Haswed, spotted, variegated, 1723.
A.S. haso, livid, dusky, dark,
rugged, haswig,
variegated.
Hatte, called.
See Het.
Hatel, severe, cruel, 2544.
A.S. hétol; S.Sax. hatel.
Heg, Hege, high, 2011;
loud, 2780, 3380, 4100.
A.S. heg, heh.
Hegere, higher, upper, 3392.
Hegest, highest, 30, 2142.
Heilnesse, health, 2068.
A.S. hǽlnes, wholeness, health.
Page 411
Helde = eld, age, 457, 1527.
Heled, healed, 229.
Helden, (pl.) held, 285.
Helden, to hold, 3274.
Held forð, took, 165.
Heli, holy, 51, 204.
Helid, covered, 1636.
A.S. hélan, to cover, conceal.
Prov. E. hele, hile.
Helle, hell;
'helle-dik,' 281;
'helle-bale,' 2525;
'helle-dale,' 1983;
'helle-pine,' 2530.
Helles, hell's, 22.
Helpe, (vb.) help, 2528;
(sb.) help, assistance, 496, 1802,
2647.
Helped, helpeth, 4062.
Helpeles, helpless, 3558.
Helpen, to help, 176, 1272.
Helpes, helpers, 3409.
Helðe, health, safety, 2344.
Hem, an error for him, 180.
Heled, healed, 229.
Helden, (pl.) held, 285.
Helden, to hold, 3274.
Held forð, took, 165.
Heli, holy, 51, 204.
Helid, covered, 1636.
A.S. hélan, to cover, conceal.
Prov. E. hele, hile.
Helle, hell;
'helle-dik,' 281;
'helle-bale,' 2525;
'helle-dale,' 1983;
'helle-pine,' 2530.
Helles, hell's, 22.
Helpe, (vb.) help, 2528;
(sb.) help, assistance, 496, 1802,
2647.
Helped, helpeth, 4062.
Helpeles, helpless, 3558.
Helpen, to help, 176, 1272.
Helpes, helpers, 3409.
Helðe, health, safety, 2344.
Hem, an error for him, 180.
Page 412
Hem, them, 392, et passim.
Hem-seluen, themselves, 537, 2889.
Hemward; to h., to them, 2726.
Hende, Henden, near, 3361, 3370.
O.E. i-hende; A.S. ge-hende,
hende.
Heug, hung, 3899.
Hente, seized, caught, struck, 2715.
A.S. hentan, to seize.
Her, here, 170, 175, 177, 184.
Her = here, of them, 2258.
Her, hear, 3525.
Her = er, before, 801.
Her-after, here-after, 243.
Herberge, lodging, 1392.
Herberged, lodged, 1602.
A.S. here-bergan, to lodge,
harbour, from here, an
army.
Herbergen, to lodge, 1057.
Her-bi, hereby, 3572.
Herdes, (gen.); uten herdes = out of
(his) own country, 2410.
Hem-seluen, themselves, 537, 2889.
Hemward; to h., to them, 2726.
Hende, Henden, near, 3361, 3370.
O.E. i-hende; A.S. ge-hende,
hende.
Heug, hung, 3899.
Hente, seized, caught, struck, 2715.
A.S. hentan, to seize.
Her, here, 170, 175, 177, 184.
Her = here, of them, 2258.
Her, hear, 3525.
Her = er, before, 801.
Her-after, here-after, 243.
Herberge, lodging, 1392.
Herberged, lodged, 1602.
A.S. here-bergan, to lodge,
harbour, from here, an
army.
Herbergen, to lodge, 1057.
Her-bi, hereby, 3572.
Herdes, (gen.); uten herdes = out of
(his) own country, 2410.
Page 413
Herdes-folc = erdes-folc, land-folk,
people, 3372.
Herde, heard, 1285, 1611.
Herden, (pl.) heard, 1139, 3492,
3521.
Here, theirs, 1920.
Here, army, host, 1787, 2679.
A.S. here.
Here, hear, 3426, 3473.
Here-gonge, invasion, 848.
Here[n], expedition, 2479.
See Here.
Heren, to hear, 1370, 2531.
Herf = erf, cattle, 2991.
Herte, heart, 518, 520, 1302;
g.s. of heart, 2936;
courage, 3253.
Herte-bren, heart-burning, lust,
4054.
Hertedin, encouraged, consoled,
1980.
Hertes, hearts, 1917.
Herting, consolation, 1982.
Herðe, an error for herte, heart,
2856.
people, 3372.
Herde, heard, 1285, 1611.
Herden, (pl.) heard, 1139, 3492,
3521.
Here, theirs, 1920.
Here, army, host, 1787, 2679.
A.S. here.
Here, hear, 3426, 3473.
Here-gonge, invasion, 848.
Here[n], expedition, 2479.
See Here.
Heren, to hear, 1370, 2531.
Herf = erf, cattle, 2991.
Herte, heart, 518, 520, 1302;
g.s. of heart, 2936;
courage, 3253.
Herte-bren, heart-burning, lust,
4054.
Hertedin, encouraged, consoled,
1980.
Hertes, hearts, 1917.
Herting, consolation, 1982.
Herðe, an error for herte, heart,
2856.
Page 414
Herðe = herde = erde, land, 806.
Het, promised, 2365, 2954;
was called, 2588, 2589, 3333.
A.S. hátan, to command, promise
(pret. hét, p.p. háten);
hátan, to call (pret. hátte).
Hete, heat, 1228, 1229.
Heten, (pl.) promised, 3450.
Heðen, hence, 1644, 2508.
O.N. hëðan.
Heued, Heuod, head, 376, 1193,
1604.
Heuedes, heads, 2926.
Heued-welle, spring, 868.
Heuene, Heuone, heaven, 40, 270;
'heuene bem' (the sun?), 1606;
'heuene dew,' 1547, 1573;
'heuene gate,' 1620;
'heuone hil,' 281;
'heuene rof' (heaven-roof,
firmament), 101.
Heuene-ward, heaven-ward, 3025.
Heuerilc, every, 368.
Heui, heavy, 2565.
Heuones, heavens, 287.
Hewe, form, 4051,
Het, promised, 2365, 2954;
was called, 2588, 2589, 3333.
A.S. hátan, to command, promise
(pret. hét, p.p. háten);
hátan, to call (pret. hátte).
Hete, heat, 1228, 1229.
Heten, (pl.) promised, 3450.
Heðen, hence, 1644, 2508.
O.N. hëðan.
Heued, Heuod, head, 376, 1193,
1604.
Heuedes, heads, 2926.
Heued-welle, spring, 868.
Heuene, Heuone, heaven, 40, 270;
'heuene bem' (the sun?), 1606;
'heuene dew,' 1547, 1573;
'heuene gate,' 1620;
'heuone hil,' 281;
'heuene rof' (heaven-roof,
firmament), 101.
Heuene-ward, heaven-ward, 3025.
Heuerilc, every, 368.
Heui, heavy, 2565.
Heuones, heavens, 287.
Hewe, form, 4051,
Page 415
Hic = ic, I, 34, 2783.
Hicte = higte, was called, 713.
See Hiegt.
Hidden, (pl.) hid, 3028.
Hidel-like, secretly, 2882.
Hiden, to hide, 352.
Hider, hither, 2344, 2895.
Hiegt, threatened, 217.
A.S. héht, pret. of hátan, to
promise.
Higte, was called, 747.
Hil, hill, 1290, 1293.
Hiled = hileð, covers, encloses,
102;
(p.p.) hidden, concealed, 3184.
See Helid.
Himseluen, himself, 1338.
Hin, Hine, him, 47, 3004, 3468.
Hine-folc, servants, 3655.
A.S. hína, híne, a domestic.
Hines-kin, servants, 3776.
Hinke = inke, fear, dread, 432.
A.S. inca, doubt.
Hird, flock, 2988;
host, 3222, 3261, 3263, 3266;
Hicte = higte, was called, 713.
See Hiegt.
Hidden, (pl.) hid, 3028.
Hidel-like, secretly, 2882.
Hiden, to hide, 352.
Hider, hither, 2344, 2895.
Hiegt, threatened, 217.
A.S. héht, pret. of hátan, to
promise.
Higte, was called, 747.
Hil, hill, 1290, 1293.
Hiled = hileð, covers, encloses,
102;
(p.p.) hidden, concealed, 3184.
See Helid.
Himseluen, himself, 1338.
Hin, Hine, him, 47, 3004, 3468.
Hine-folc, servants, 3655.
A.S. hína, híne, a domestic.
Hines-kin, servants, 3776.
Hinke = inke, fear, dread, 432.
A.S. inca, doubt.
Hird, flock, 2988;
host, 3222, 3261, 3263, 3266;
Page 416
household, 1001.
A.S. heord, herd.
Hird, hurt, 3962.
Hirde, shepherd, 456.
A.S. hirde.
Hirde-men, shepherds, 2395.
Hirdenesse, Hirdnesse, herds,
flocks, 1664, 1732, 1930,
2771.
Hirdes, shepherds, 1643.
Hire, wages, 1718, 1722.
Hire, her, 238, 322;
hers, 2035.
His = is, 2935.
His, Hise, his, 44, 45, 46;
its, 125.
Hogt, called (?), 2119.
See Higte.
Hol, whole, 1835, 2776, 2812.
A.S. hál.
Hold, old, 419, 424, 1453.
Hold, kind, attentive, 1389;
true, faithful, 2704, 3284.
A.S. hold, faithful, friendly, true.
Hold, (adv.) truly, 3941.
A.S. heord, herd.
Hird, hurt, 3962.
Hirde, shepherd, 456.
A.S. hirde.
Hirde-men, shepherds, 2395.
Hirdenesse, Hirdnesse, herds,
flocks, 1664, 1732, 1930,
2771.
Hirdes, shepherds, 1643.
Hire, wages, 1718, 1722.
Hire, her, 238, 322;
hers, 2035.
His = is, 2935.
His, Hise, his, 44, 45, 46;
its, 125.
Hogt, called (?), 2119.
See Higte.
Hol, whole, 1835, 2776, 2812.
A.S. hál.
Hold, old, 419, 424, 1453.
Hold, kind, attentive, 1389;
true, faithful, 2704, 3284.
A.S. hold, faithful, friendly, true.
Hold, (adv.) truly, 3941.
Page 417
Holden, (pl.) hold, 1201, 2236;
(p.p.) held, 1425, 2040;
esteemed, 1518.
Holdet, holdeth, 1132.
Holdelike, faithfully, truly, 1546.
A.S. holdlíce.
Holocaust, Holocaustum, 1319,
1326.
Holpen, (pl.) helped, 3382, 3674.
Holðe, possession, property, 1772.
Hom, home, 1711.
Homward, homeward, 1431, 2376.
Hond, hand, 104, 959.
Hondes, hands, 3383, 3385.
Hor = or = before, 958.
See Or.
Hore, whore, 4082.
Horedom, whoredom, adultery,
3509.
Hore-men, adulterers, 4072.
Hore-plage, adultery, 530, 4067.
Hornes, horn's, 3464.
Hostel, lodging, 1397.
O.Fr. hostel, hosteil.
(p.p.) held, 1425, 2040;
esteemed, 1518.
Holdet, holdeth, 1132.
Holdelike, faithfully, truly, 1546.
A.S. holdlíce.
Holocaust, Holocaustum, 1319,
1326.
Holpen, (pl.) helped, 3382, 3674.
Holðe, possession, property, 1772.
Hom, home, 1711.
Homward, homeward, 1431, 2376.
Hond, hand, 104, 959.
Hondes, hands, 3383, 3385.
Hor = or = before, 958.
See Or.
Hore, whore, 4082.
Horedom, whoredom, adultery,
3509.
Hore-men, adulterers, 4072.
Hore-plage, adultery, 530, 4067.
Hornes, horn's, 3464.
Hostel, lodging, 1397.
O.Fr. hostel, hosteil.
Page 418
Hot, promise, 935.
Hoten, Hotene, (p.p.) called, 101,
1566, 2522;
promised, 2508, 3704, 4098,
4118.
See Het.
Hoteð, (imp.) promise, 2510.
Hu, how! 3077.
Hu, how, 244, 295.
Hun-frame, disadvantage, evil, 554.
A.S. unfreme.
Hunger, famine, 1513, 2150.
Hunger-bond, force of hunger,
famine, 763.
Hungri gere, famine years, 2136.
Huni, Hunige, honey, 2788, 3340.
Hunkinde, unnatural, 534.
Hunne, grant, 2249.
A.S. unnan, to grant.
Hunte, delay, 314.
Huntere, hunter, 1481.
Hun-wreste, wicked, 537.
A.S. wræst, good; unwræst, base.
Hure, our, 322, 2206.
Hoten, Hotene, (p.p.) called, 101,
1566, 2522;
promised, 2508, 3704, 4098,
4118.
See Het.
Hoteð, (imp.) promise, 2510.
Hu, how! 3077.
Hu, how, 244, 295.
Hun-frame, disadvantage, evil, 554.
A.S. unfreme.
Hunger, famine, 1513, 2150.
Hunger-bond, force of hunger,
famine, 763.
Hungri gere, famine years, 2136.
Huni, Hunige, honey, 2788, 3340.
Hunkinde, unnatural, 534.
Hunne, grant, 2249.
A.S. unnan, to grant.
Hunte, delay, 314.
Huntere, hunter, 1481.
Hun-wreste, wicked, 537.
A.S. wræst, good; unwræst, base.
Hure, our, 322, 2206.
Page 419
Hus, house, 1619, 2010.
Huses, houses, 1602.
Hus-folc, household, 3139.
I, Ic, I, 309, 314, 315, 317.
Idel, 'in idel,' in vain, 3497.
Ideles, idols, 3197.
Idelhed, vanity, 28.
Iglic, ugly, 2918.
See Uglike.
Ik = ilk, same, 73.
Ilc, Ilk, each, 68, 119, 134.
A.S. ælc.
Ilc, Ilke, same, 258, 313, 1184.
Ilc-kinnes, of each kind, 220.
Ilc-on, each one, every, 1379.
Ille, ill, wicked, 1916, 4038, 4063;
badly, wickedly, 1706, 4029.
In = hin = him, 3887.
In-gon, entered, 1068.
In-wis = iwis, truly, indeed, 1515,
2521.
A.S. gewís.
Huses, houses, 1602.
Hus-folc, household, 3139.
I, Ic, I, 309, 314, 315, 317.
Idel, 'in idel,' in vain, 3497.
Ideles, idols, 3197.
Idelhed, vanity, 28.
Iglic, ugly, 2918.
See Uglike.
Ik = ilk, same, 73.
Ilc, Ilk, each, 68, 119, 134.
A.S. ælc.
Ilc, Ilke, same, 258, 313, 1184.
Ilc-kinnes, of each kind, 220.
Ilc-on, each one, every, 1379.
Ille, ill, wicked, 1916, 4038, 4063;
badly, wickedly, 1706, 4029.
In = hin = him, 3887.
In-gon, entered, 1068.
In-wis = iwis, truly, indeed, 1515,
2521.
A.S. gewís.
Page 420
Irin, iron, 467.
Is, his, 482, 483, 1737.
Is = his, its, 327.
Is, them, 1702, 1768, 1769, 1770,
1833, 1873, 1877, 2654,
2655, 3115, 3831, 3832.
Ist = is it, is there, 1121.
It, they, 298, 1920.
It, there, 2808.
Iurnes, days' journeys, 1291, 3696.
Iusted, allied, intermarried, 1589.
Iuel, Iwel, (sb.) evil, 328;
(adj.) bad, evil, 310, 502, 3718;
(adv.) wickedly.
I-wis, I-wisse, truly, indeed, 91,
109.
I-wreken, avenged, 1856.
I-wrogt, wrought, 3215.
Kagte, pret. of catch, drove, 949.
Kalues, calf's, 1013.
Kamel, camel, 1398.
Kameles, camels, 1365.
Is, his, 482, 483, 1737.
Is = his, its, 327.
Is, them, 1702, 1768, 1769, 1770,
1833, 1873, 1877, 2654,
2655, 3115, 3831, 3832.
Ist = is it, is there, 1121.
It, they, 298, 1920.
It, there, 2808.
Iurnes, days' journeys, 1291, 3696.
Iusted, allied, intermarried, 1589.
Iuel, Iwel, (sb.) evil, 328;
(adj.) bad, evil, 310, 502, 3718;
(adv.) wickedly.
I-wis, I-wisse, truly, indeed, 91,
109.
I-wreken, avenged, 1856.
I-wrogt, wrought, 3215.
Kagte, pret. of catch, drove, 949.
Kalues, calf's, 1013.
Kamel, camel, 1398.
Kameles, camels, 1365.
Page 421
Kenned, taught, 216.
A.S. cennan, to adduce, to vouch
the truth.
Kep, care, heed, 939, 946, 1333,
2602.
A.S. cépan, to keep, heed.
Kepen, to keep, look to, 2453,
3378.
Kepte, kept, 2625.
Kepten, (pl.) kept, 2772.
Kid, made known, 2357.
Kidde, made known, 1651.
Kiddit, showed it, made it known,
1394, 1654.
Kides, kids, 1535;
kid's, 1967.
Kin, family, kin, 652.
Kinnes, kin's, 756, 828.
Kinde, natural, 78;
native, 1279.
Kinde, kind, nature, 185, 250, 457.
Kinde, kin, family, 488, 650.
Kindelike, kindly, with natural
affection, 2500.
Kinderedes, kindreds, 4127.
A.S. cennan, to adduce, to vouch
the truth.
Kep, care, heed, 939, 946, 1333,
2602.
A.S. cépan, to keep, heed.
Kepen, to keep, look to, 2453,
3378.
Kepte, kept, 2625.
Kepten, (pl.) kept, 2772.
Kid, made known, 2357.
Kidde, made known, 1651.
Kiddit, showed it, made it known,
1394, 1654.
Kides, kids, 1535;
kid's, 1967.
Kin, family, kin, 652.
Kinnes, kin's, 756, 828.
Kinde, natural, 78;
native, 1279.
Kinde, kind, nature, 185, 250, 457.
Kinde, kin, family, 488, 650.
Kindelike, kindly, with natural
affection, 2500.
Kinderedes, kindreds, 4127.
Page 422
Kindes, kinsmen, 1549;
'in kindes wune,' kin-wise,
naturally, 1345;
'aftre kindes wune,' after the
manner of relatives, 1652;
family's, tribe's, 1389, 3824.
Kinge-riches, kingdoms', 2789.
Kipte, seized, 3164.
O.N. kippa.
See Allit Poems, B. 1510, and
Gloss., s.v. Kyppe.
Kire, purity, 451;
choice, 1536;
custom, 1693, 2451.
A.S. cýre, choice; Ger. küren, to
choose.
Kiste, kissed, 1652, 2355.
Knape, man-servant, 477, 482;
male, 2585.
A.S. cnápa, a man.
Knapes, boys, 2573.
Knaue, male child, 1151.
Kne, degree, 444.
A.S. cneo.
Knewen, (pl.) knew, 2904.
Knigt, knight, 283.
Knol, knoll, top, 4129.
A.S. cnoll.
'in kindes wune,' kin-wise,
naturally, 1345;
'aftre kindes wune,' after the
manner of relatives, 1652;
family's, tribe's, 1389, 3824.
Kinge-riches, kingdoms', 2789.
Kipte, seized, 3164.
O.N. kippa.
See Allit Poems, B. 1510, and
Gloss., s.v. Kyppe.
Kire, purity, 451;
choice, 1536;
custom, 1693, 2451.
A.S. cýre, choice; Ger. küren, to
choose.
Kiste, kissed, 1652, 2355.
Knape, man-servant, 477, 482;
male, 2585.
A.S. cnápa, a man.
Knapes, boys, 2573.
Knaue, male child, 1151.
Kne, degree, 444.
A.S. cneo.
Knewen, (pl.) knew, 2904.
Knigt, knight, 283.
Knol, knoll, top, 4129.
A.S. cnoll.
Page 423
Knowen, know, 2872;
known, 3037.
Komen, (pl.) came, 2577.
Kude = cuðe, could, 2114, 2366.
Ku[n]glond, kingdom, 1262.
Kumeling, stranger, 834.
O.H.Ger. chomeling. O.E.
comeling.
Kumen, to come, 399, 984, 1007.
Kumen, (p.p.) come, 902, 1556.
Kuppe, cup, 2047.
Kuð, renowned, 2666.
A.S. cúð, known.
Kuðe, could, 289.
La, lo! 3113.
Lage, marriage, 538;
'in lage,' in marriage, 2764.
Cf. Goth. liugan, to marry, liuga,
wedlock.
Lages, Laiges, laws, 2446, 2456.
Lagt, seized, 2081, 2621;
caught, 3141.
A.S. læhte, pret. of læccan, to
seize.
Laken, to fail, lack, 1231.
known, 3037.
Komen, (pl.) came, 2577.
Kude = cuðe, could, 2114, 2366.
Ku[n]glond, kingdom, 1262.
Kumeling, stranger, 834.
O.H.Ger. chomeling. O.E.
comeling.
Kumen, to come, 399, 984, 1007.
Kumen, (p.p.) come, 902, 1556.
Kuppe, cup, 2047.
Kuð, renowned, 2666.
A.S. cúð, known.
Kuðe, could, 289.
La, lo! 3113.
Lage, marriage, 538;
'in lage,' in marriage, 2764.
Cf. Goth. liugan, to marry, liuga,
wedlock.
Lages, Laiges, laws, 2446, 2456.
Lagt, seized, 2081, 2621;
caught, 3141.
A.S. læhte, pret. of læccan, to
seize.
Laken, to fail, lack, 1231.
Page 424
O.E. lac, lak, fault. Du. lack,
want, fault; laecken, to
decrease.
Laten = leten, to let, 3071.
Laðes, barns, 2134.
Dan. lade.
Lay, law, 1201.
Leate, (imp.) leave, 1811.
Leateð, (imp.) let, 3726.
Leaued, leafy, 3839.
Lecher-crafte, lechery, 1064.
Lecher-fare, lechery, 776.
Lecherlike, lecherously, 770.
Lecherie, lechery, 3510.
Lechur-hed, lechery, 1997.
Led, song, 27.
A.S. leoð. Ger. lied.
Led, (p.p.) brought, 649;
(imp.) lead, 3607.
Ledde, (pret.) led, 89, 92.
Leddede = ledde, led, 3995.
Ledden = ledde, led, 2845.
Ledden, (pl.) led, 858, 1990.
want, fault; laecken, to
decrease.
Laten = leten, to let, 3071.
Laðes, barns, 2134.
Dan. lade.
Lay, law, 1201.
Leate, (imp.) leave, 1811.
Leateð, (imp.) let, 3726.
Leaued, leafy, 3839.
Lecher-crafte, lechery, 1064.
Lecher-fare, lechery, 776.
Lecherlike, lecherously, 770.
Lecherie, lechery, 3510.
Lechur-hed, lechery, 1997.
Led, song, 27.
A.S. leoð. Ger. lied.
Led, (p.p.) brought, 649;
(imp.) lead, 3607.
Ledde, (pret.) led, 89, 92.
Leddede = ledde, led, 3995.
Ledden = ledde, led, 2845.
Ledden, (pl.) led, 858, 1990.
Page 425
Leded = ledeð, (imp.) lead, pass,
398.
Leden, to lead, 2193;
pass, 304;
take up, 699;
act, 2301, 2304.
Leddre, ladder, 1607.
Leet, left, 1280.
A.S. lǽtan, to leave (pret. lét, p.p.
lǽten).
Lef, agreeable, pleasant, 340, 2664;
dear, precious, 793, 1774, 3431;
joyful, 4136.
A.S. leóf.
Lefful, dear, precious, 155, 2524;
faithful, 3447.
Legeð, lies, speaks falsely, 1281.
Leid, (p.p.) laid, 817, 2426, 2427.
Leide, (pret.) laid, 943, 2693.
Leiden, (pl.) laid, 1969.
Leigen, (pl.) lay, 1920.
Leiste, least, 198.
Leið, layeth, 3994.
Leman, wife, 782.
A.S. leof-man.
398.
Leden, to lead, 2193;
pass, 304;
take up, 699;
act, 2301, 2304.
Leddre, ladder, 1607.
Leet, left, 1280.
A.S. lǽtan, to leave (pret. lét, p.p.
lǽten).
Lef, agreeable, pleasant, 340, 2664;
dear, precious, 793, 1774, 3431;
joyful, 4136.
A.S. leóf.
Lefful, dear, precious, 155, 2524;
faithful, 3447.
Legeð, lies, speaks falsely, 1281.
Leid, (p.p.) laid, 817, 2426, 2427.
Leide, (pret.) laid, 943, 2693.
Leiden, (pl.) laid, 1969.
Leigen, (pl.) lay, 1920.
Leiste, least, 198.
Leið, layeth, 3994.
Leman, wife, 782.
A.S. leof-man.
Page 426
Len, reward, 2838.
Lene, lean, 2099, 2101, 2106.
Lene, grant, 4159.
Lened, leaned, 1610.
Lenen, lend, grant, 3170.
A.S. lǽnan.
Leng, Lengere, longer, 1594, 1736.
Lentil, 1488.
Lep, leapt, 2726.
Lepre, leprosy, 3690.
Lered, learned, 4.
Lerede, taught, instructed, 791,
2300, 2963;
learnt, 1383.
Lereden, (pl.) learned, 3137.
Leren, to learn, 354.
A.S. lǽran, to teach, inform.
Lereð, (imp.) learn, 3486.
Les, less, 3595.
Les, delivered, loosed, 2874.
Les, falsely, 3498.
A.S. leas, false.
Lese, lie, 3514.
Lene, lean, 2099, 2101, 2106.
Lene, grant, 4159.
Lened, leaned, 1610.
Lenen, lend, grant, 3170.
A.S. lǽnan.
Leng, Lengere, longer, 1594, 1736.
Lentil, 1488.
Lep, leapt, 2726.
Lepre, leprosy, 3690.
Lered, learned, 4.
Lerede, taught, instructed, 791,
2300, 2963;
learnt, 1383.
Lereden, (pl.) learned, 3137.
Leren, to learn, 354.
A.S. lǽran, to teach, inform.
Lereð, (imp.) learn, 3486.
Les, less, 3595.
Les, delivered, loosed, 2874.
Les, falsely, 3498.
A.S. leas, false.
Lese, lie, 3514.
Page 427
Lesen, loosed, 3152;
deliver, 2897.
Lesing, lies, 2578.
Lesse, less, 994.
Leste, least, 189.
Lested, Lestede, lasted, 600, 2952,
4147.
Lested = lesteð, lasteth, 111.
Lested = lesteð, (imp.) listen or
perform, 2510.
Lesteful, everlasting, 304.
Lesten, (inf.) to last, 12;
(pl.) last, 4119.
Lesten, to perform, 2906.
Ger. leisten.
"And thei ben false and traiterous
and lasten not that thei bihoten."—
(Mandeville.)
Let, 'let ben' = let be, 1809.
Let, pretended, 2168.
A.S. lǽtan, to pretend (pret. lét,
p.p. lǽten).
Let, left, 725, 809.
Let, (p.p.) led, 476.
Lete, (sub.) permit, 2796.
deliver, 2897.
Lesing, lies, 2578.
Lesse, less, 994.
Leste, least, 189.
Lested, Lestede, lasted, 600, 2952,
4147.
Lested = lesteð, lasteth, 111.
Lested = lesteð, (imp.) listen or
perform, 2510.
Lesteful, everlasting, 304.
Lesten, (inf.) to last, 12;
(pl.) last, 4119.
Lesten, to perform, 2906.
Ger. leisten.
"And thei ben false and traiterous
and lasten not that thei bihoten."—
(Mandeville.)
Let, 'let ben' = let be, 1809.
Let, pretended, 2168.
A.S. lǽtan, to pretend (pret. lét,
p.p. lǽten).
Let, left, 725, 809.
Let, (p.p.) led, 476.
Lete, (sub.) permit, 2796.
Page 428
Leten, (inf.) to let, permit, 3056;
lose, 767.
Leten, (inf.) forsake, 4142.
Leten, (pl.) left, forsook, 542;
allowed, permitted, 629, 2610.
Letten, to leave, 2612.
Letting, hindrance, 1076, 3204.
Lettre, letter, 993, 2527.
Leð, diminution, 3348.
Leunes, lions, 191.
Leue, dear, precious, 90, 2421,
2868;
dearly, 49.
A.S. leóf.
Leue, grant, 2532.
Leue, leave, permission, 784, 805.
Leuede, believed, 935.
Leuedi, lady, 968, 980, 2616.
Leueles, without leave, 1848.
Leuelike, kindly, 2275;
gladly, joyfully, 3434.
Leuene, lightning, 3265.
Leuenes, lightning's, 3046.
Norse ljón, ljún.
lose, 767.
Leten, (inf.) forsake, 4142.
Leten, (pl.) left, forsook, 542;
allowed, permitted, 629, 2610.
Letten, to leave, 2612.
Letting, hindrance, 1076, 3204.
Lettre, letter, 993, 2527.
Leð, diminution, 3348.
Leunes, lions, 191.
Leue, dear, precious, 90, 2421,
2868;
dearly, 49.
A.S. leóf.
Leue, grant, 2532.
Leue, leave, permission, 784, 805.
Leuede, believed, 935.
Leuedi, lady, 968, 980, 2616.
Leueles, without leave, 1848.
Leuelike, kindly, 2275;
gladly, joyfully, 3434.
Leuene, lightning, 3265.
Leuenes, lightning's, 3046.
Norse ljón, ljún.
Page 429
Leuerd = louerd, lord, 33.
Leues, leaves, 352.
Lewse, pasture, 1576.
A.S. lǽsu (acc. lǽswe), lǽswian,
to pasture.
Ley, lay, 4113.
Lich, Liche, body, corpse, 2441,
2488, 4140.
A.S. líc.
Liches, bodies, 2447, 3206.
Licham, Lichame, body, 200, 350.
A.S. líchama, the (living) body.
Lichles, corpseless, 3164.
Liderlike, Liðerlike, treacherously,
3562;
wickedly, deceitfully, 1563.
See Liðer.
Lif, life, 176, 267, 504;
'in lif,' alive, 1364.
Ligber, Lucifer, 271.
A.S. lig-bǽr, flame-bearing.
Ligið, lies, 889.
Ligt, light, 44, 53, 57.
Ligt, descended, come upon, 2787.
Ligt, soon, 2252.
Leues, leaves, 352.
Lewse, pasture, 1576.
A.S. lǽsu (acc. lǽswe), lǽswian,
to pasture.
Ley, lay, 4113.
Lich, Liche, body, corpse, 2441,
2488, 4140.
A.S. líc.
Liches, bodies, 2447, 3206.
Licham, Lichame, body, 200, 350.
A.S. líchama, the (living) body.
Lichles, corpseless, 3164.
Liderlike, Liðerlike, treacherously,
3562;
wickedly, deceitfully, 1563.
See Liðer.
Lif, life, 176, 267, 504;
'in lif,' alive, 1364.
Ligber, Lucifer, 271.
A.S. lig-bǽr, flame-bearing.
Ligið, lies, 889.
Ligt, light, 44, 53, 57.
Ligt, descended, come upon, 2787.
Ligt, soon, 2252.
Page 430
Ligten, to descend, 1983.
Ligtlike, lightly, 1218.
Ligtnesse, insight, knowledge,
1559.
Lik, like, 223.
Likede, pleased, 2299, 4029.
Likeles, dissimilar, 1726.
Likenes, Likenesse, Liknesse,
likeness, 202, 678, 682, 684,
688, 2641.
Likenesses, 2701.
Liket = like it, 205.
Lim, lime, 2552.
Limed, cemented, 562.
Limes, limbs, members, 348, 352.
Lin, lie, 942, 3851.
Lire, loss, 2920.
A.S. lyre.
List = lust, desire, want, 978, 1230.
Listen, to listen, 1220.
Listeðe, 2814. Read 'liste ðe' =
listen to thee.
Ligtlike, lightly, 1218.
Ligtnesse, insight, knowledge,
1559.
Lik, like, 223.
Likede, pleased, 2299, 4029.
Likeles, dissimilar, 1726.
Likenes, Likenesse, Liknesse,
likeness, 202, 678, 682, 684,
688, 2641.
Likenesses, 2701.
Liket = like it, 205.
Lim, lime, 2552.
Limed, cemented, 562.
Limes, limbs, members, 348, 352.
Lin, lie, 942, 3851.
Lire, loss, 2920.
A.S. lyre.
List = lust, desire, want, 978, 1230.
Listen, to listen, 1220.
Listeðe, 2814. Read 'liste ðe' =
listen to thee.
Page 431
Listnede, Listenede, listened, 1597,
2137, 2222, 3403, 3538.
Lit, stain, 1968.
O.N lita, to stain.
Lið, lieth, 735, 812, 1916, 3892.
Lið, limb, 1804.
A.S. lið.
Liðer, bad, vile, 369.
A.S. lýðer.
Liue, life, 265, 629, 3806.
Liue-dai, life, 652;
liue-dages, life-days, life-time,
4119.
Liuede, lived, 777, 908.
Liuen, (inf.) to live, 308, 573, 2044.
Liuen, (pl.) live, 2496.
Liues, life's, 201, 496.
Liues, alive, 1477, 3042;
living, 3802;
'of liues,' alive, 2834.
Liueð, liveth, 503.
Liwe, life, 3884.
Liwen, live, 4097.
Loac = loc, gift, 1798.
A.S. lác, gelác.
2137, 2222, 3403, 3538.
Lit, stain, 1968.
O.N lita, to stain.
Lið, lieth, 735, 812, 1916, 3892.
Lið, limb, 1804.
A.S. lið.
Liðer, bad, vile, 369.
A.S. lýðer.
Liue, life, 265, 629, 3806.
Liue-dai, life, 652;
liue-dages, life-days, life-time,
4119.
Liuede, lived, 777, 908.
Liuen, (inf.) to live, 308, 573, 2044.
Liuen, (pl.) live, 2496.
Liues, life's, 201, 496.
Liues, alive, 1477, 3042;
living, 3802;
'of liues,' alive, 2834.
Liueð, liveth, 503.
Liwe, life, 3884.
Liwen, live, 4097.
Loac = loc, gift, 1798.
A.S. lác, gelác.
Page 432
Loar, loss, 177, 181.
A.S. lor.
Loc, look, behold, 3331.
Lockende, looking, seeing, 2822.
Lodelike, loathly, 3030.
Loder-man, leader, 3723, 4110.
A.S. lád-man; O.E. lodesman,
from A.S. lád, ládu, a way.
Cf. Eng. loadstar.
Logede men, laymen, 2.
Loke, (imp.) look, take heed, 3511.
Loked, kept, guarded, 193.
Loked, awarded, decided, 3810.
Loken, to look, 2600;
look to, take care of, 2771, 3193.
A.S. lócian.
Loken, to keep from, abstain from,
215.
Lond, Londe, land, 103, 208, 1843.
Londes, lands, countries, 3700.
Londes-speche, (native) language,
18.
Lond-speches, languages, 669.
Lond-weige, land-way, path, 2681.
A.S. lor.
Loc, look, behold, 3331.
Lockende, looking, seeing, 2822.
Lodelike, loathly, 3030.
Loder-man, leader, 3723, 4110.
A.S. lád-man; O.E. lodesman,
from A.S. lád, ládu, a way.
Cf. Eng. loadstar.
Logede men, laymen, 2.
Loke, (imp.) look, take heed, 3511.
Loked, kept, guarded, 193.
Loked, awarded, decided, 3810.
Loken, to look, 2600;
look to, take care of, 2771, 3193.
A.S. lócian.
Loken, to keep from, abstain from,
215.
Lond, Londe, land, 103, 208, 1843.
Londes, lands, countries, 3700.
Londes-speche, (native) language,
18.
Lond-speches, languages, 669.
Lond-weige, land-way, path, 2681.
Page 433
Lore, learning, wisdom, 3635.
A.S. lár.
Lordehed, lordship, 196.
Lote, cheer, face, 1162, 2328.
S.Sax. lote, late. O.N. læti. A.S.
wlíte.
Loten, features, 2258.
Loten, to fail, 3131.
Loð, loathsome, 369;
displeasing, 1216, 1736.
A.S. láð.
Loðt = loð, displeasing, 340.
Loðlic, loathsome, horrid, 749.
Louerd, Louered, lord, 30, 275,
282, 997.
A.S. hlaford.
Louerdhed, lordship, 190, 832.
Louereding, lording, lord, ruler,
833.
Louerdes, lord's, 1388.
A.S. lár.
Lordehed, lordship, 196.
Lote, cheer, face, 1162, 2328.
S.Sax. lote, late. O.N. læti. A.S.
wlíte.
Loten, features, 2258.
Loten, to fail, 3131.
Loð, loathsome, 369;
displeasing, 1216, 1736.
A.S. láð.
Loðt = loð, displeasing, 340.
Loðlic, loathsome, horrid, 749.
Louerd, Louered, lord, 30, 275,
282, 997.
A.S. hlaford.
Louerdhed, lordship, 190, 832.
Louereding, lording, lord, ruler,
833.
Louerdes, lord's, 1388.
Page 434
Louerdis, lord's, 2272.
Lowe, flame, 643.
O.N. log.
Lude, loudly, 3585.
Luked, locked, closed, 3276.
Luken, (p.p.) enclosed, 94, 3779;
shut, 362;
beset, 2886.
Luket = lukeð, encloseth, 98.
Luten, to bow down to, 1926.
A.S. lútan, to bow down to (pret.
sing. leát; pl. luton; p.p.
loten).
Lutten, (pret. pl.) bowed down to,
worshipped, 2163, 3550,
4070.
Luue, love, 8, 35, 51.
Luue-bonde, power of love, 2692.
Luued, Luuede, loved, 770, 1174.
Luueden, (pl.) loved, 549, 2152.
Luuen, (sb.) love, 635, 1517, 2002,
4081.
Luuen, to love, 1, 5, 9, 2042.
Luuen, (pl.) love, 49, 3586.
Lowe, flame, 643.
O.N. log.
Lude, loudly, 3585.
Luked, locked, closed, 3276.
Luken, (p.p.) enclosed, 94, 3779;
shut, 362;
beset, 2886.
Luket = lukeð, encloseth, 98.
Luten, to bow down to, 1926.
A.S. lútan, to bow down to (pret.
sing. leát; pl. luton; p.p.
loten).
Lutten, (pret. pl.) bowed down to,
worshipped, 2163, 3550,
4070.
Luue, love, 8, 35, 51.
Luue-bonde, power of love, 2692.
Luued, Luuede, loved, 770, 1174.
Luueden, (pl.) loved, 549, 2152.
Luuen, (sb.) love, 635, 1517, 2002,
4081.
Luuen, to love, 1, 5, 9, 2042.
Luuen, (pl.) love, 49, 3586.
Page 435
Ma = mai, may, 295.
Mac, (imp.) make, 3541.
Mad, (p.p.) made, 122, 184.
Maden, (pl.) made, 1992, 2960,
2974.
Magnie = manige, many, 877.
Magti, mighty, 584, 3797.
Mai, may, 371.
Maidenes, maidens, 1145, 1153,
2749.
Maidenhed, maidenhead, 1852.
Maked, makeð, maketh, 1591.
Maked, made, 2470, 2515.
Maken, to make, 278, 1269, 1312,
2018.
Male, 'helles male,' hell's mail, 22.
Malt, melted, 1017, 3337.
Man = manie, many, 1488.
Man, one, 1, 3, 1130.
Mani, Manie, many, 696, 836,
1362, 2392.
Manige, many, 413, 428, 437.
Mac, (imp.) make, 3541.
Mad, (p.p.) made, 122, 184.
Maden, (pl.) made, 1992, 2960,
2974.
Magnie = manige, many, 877.
Magti, mighty, 584, 3797.
Mai, may, 371.
Maidenes, maidens, 1145, 1153,
2749.
Maidenhed, maidenhead, 1852.
Maked, makeð, maketh, 1591.
Maked, made, 2470, 2515.
Maken, to make, 278, 1269, 1312,
2018.
Male, 'helles male,' hell's mail, 22.
Malt, melted, 1017, 3337.
Man = manie, many, 1488.
Man, one, 1, 3, 1130.
Mani, Manie, many, 696, 836,
1362, 2392.
Manige, many, 413, 428, 437.
Page 436
Manige-fold, many fold, 2502.
Manigon, many one, 630.
Mankin, mankind, 240.
Manliched, manhood, 23.
Manne, man, 366.
Mannes, man's, 141, 327, 501, 753.
Manslagt, manslaughter, 485.
Mat, foolish, doted, 1589.
Du. mat, exhausted, overcome;
Ger. matt, feeble, faint.
Mattilike, faintly, 1493.
Mayden-childre, girls, 2574.
Mede, reward, meed, 1419.
Medes, rewards, 3940.
Meidenes, maidens, 1139.
Meister, (adj.) master, chief, 664,
3412, 3881, 3886;
(sb.) master, 2729, 3422.
Meistres, chiefs, 3756, 4072.
Mel, meal, food, 1020, 1246, 1484,
1509.
Melten, to melt, 99, 3579.
Men, one, 750, 1127, 1293.
Manigon, many one, 630.
Mankin, mankind, 240.
Manliched, manhood, 23.
Manne, man, 366.
Mannes, man's, 141, 327, 501, 753.
Manslagt, manslaughter, 485.
Mat, foolish, doted, 1589.
Du. mat, exhausted, overcome;
Ger. matt, feeble, faint.
Mattilike, faintly, 1493.
Mayden-childre, girls, 2574.
Mede, reward, meed, 1419.
Medes, rewards, 3940.
Meidenes, maidens, 1139.
Meister, (adj.) master, chief, 664,
3412, 3881, 3886;
(sb.) master, 2729, 3422.
Meistres, chiefs, 3756, 4072.
Mel, meal, food, 1020, 1246, 1484,
1509.
Melten, to melt, 99, 3579.
Men, one, 750, 1127, 1293.
Page 437
Mene, company, fellowship, 501.
A.S. ge-mána, a company,
marriage.
"Forr drihhtin haffde þanne sett
Amang Iudissken þeode,
Þatt nan ne shollde filedd ben
Þurrh hæþenn macchess mæne."
—(Orm. i. 65.)
Mengde, mixed, 3581.
Mengen, to mix, 468.
A.S. mengian.
Mengt, mixed, 1592.
Mengten, (pl.) mixed, 544.
Mentel, mantle, 2026.
Merci, mercy, 1241, 3602.
Merk, Merke, character, mark, 457;
sign, 1003.
Merke, boundary, 440, 3455;
memorial, stone, 1887, 3490.
Messe-song, mass-song, 2466.
Mester, arts, devices, craft, 532,
536;
duty, office, 3826.
Lat. ministerium; Span. menestre.
Met, (sb.) measure, 439, 3333.
Mete, meat, food, 573, 1487, 1492,
1498.
A.S. ge-mána, a company,
marriage.
"Forr drihhtin haffde þanne sett
Amang Iudissken þeode,
Þatt nan ne shollde filedd ben
Þurrh hæþenn macchess mæne."
—(Orm. i. 65.)
Mengde, mixed, 3581.
Mengen, to mix, 468.
A.S. mengian.
Mengt, mixed, 1592.
Mengten, (pl.) mixed, 544.
Mentel, mantle, 2026.
Merci, mercy, 1241, 3602.
Merk, Merke, character, mark, 457;
sign, 1003.
Merke, boundary, 440, 3455;
memorial, stone, 1887, 3490.
Messe-song, mass-song, 2466.
Mester, arts, devices, craft, 532,
536;
duty, office, 3826.
Lat. ministerium; Span. menestre.
Met, (sb.) measure, 439, 3333.
Mete, meat, food, 573, 1487, 1492,
1498.
Page 438
Meten, devised, formed, 2701.
Cf. metedd, painted (Orm. i. 34,
36).
A.S. metan, to measure, paint.
Meten, meat, 363, 2255, 3657.
Meten, to meet, 2828.
Mette, (pret.) met, 888.
Metten, (pl.) met, 1790.
Með, Meðe, mercy, pity, 195, 1044,
2498, 3011, 3601, 4076.
A.S. mæð, measure, moderation;
mæðian, to use gently.
Meðede, pitied, compassionated,
1242.
Meðelike, mildly, kindly, 1758.
Meðen, to have mercy upon, to
spare, 1046.
See Með.
Michel, Michil, great, 1209, 1366,
1671.
A.S. mycel.
Mide, with, 2478, 2963.
Middel, Middil, middle, 98, 288.
Middel-erd, middle-earth, earth,
106.
Middel-hed, (sb.) middle, 522.
Cf. metedd, painted (Orm. i. 34,
36).
A.S. metan, to measure, paint.
Meten, meat, 363, 2255, 3657.
Meten, to meet, 2828.
Mette, (pret.) met, 888.
Metten, (pl.) met, 1790.
Með, Meðe, mercy, pity, 195, 1044,
2498, 3011, 3601, 4076.
A.S. mæð, measure, moderation;
mæðian, to use gently.
Meðede, pitied, compassionated,
1242.
Meðelike, mildly, kindly, 1758.
Meðen, to have mercy upon, to
spare, 1046.
See Með.
Michel, Michil, great, 1209, 1366,
1671.
A.S. mycel.
Mide, with, 2478, 2963.
Middel, Middil, middle, 98, 288.
Middel-erd, middle-earth, earth,
106.
Middel-hed, (sb.) middle, 522.
Page 439
Middes-werld, the earth, 42.
Midel, middle, 3159.
Midelerdes, middle-earth's, 521.
Midlest, middle, 427, 710.
Migt, 54, 56, 584.
Migte, mighty, 3038.
Migten, (pl.) might, 573, 876, 1147.
Migtful, (adj.) mighty, powerful,
100, 2902, 2916, 3464,
4008, 4025, 4026;
(sb.) mighty ones, 3755.
Migti, mighty, 546, 983.
Mikel, Mikil, great, 26, 389, 486,
1252.
See Michel.
Milce, mercy, 3728.
A.S. milts.
Milche, milk, 2788.
Milche = Milce, mercy, 3732;
merciful, 2903, 3603.
Milde, kind, merciful, 128;
meek, gentle, 1306, 1441.
Mildelike, meekly, 1321, 1371,
1423;
gently, 2778.
Midel, middle, 3159.
Midelerdes, middle-earth's, 521.
Midlest, middle, 427, 710.
Migt, 54, 56, 584.
Migte, mighty, 3038.
Migten, (pl.) might, 573, 876, 1147.
Migtful, (adj.) mighty, powerful,
100, 2902, 2916, 3464,
4008, 4025, 4026;
(sb.) mighty ones, 3755.
Migti, mighty, 546, 983.
Mikel, Mikil, great, 26, 389, 486,
1252.
See Michel.
Milce, mercy, 3728.
A.S. milts.
Milche, milk, 2788.
Milche = Milce, mercy, 3732;
merciful, 2903, 3603.
Milde, kind, merciful, 128;
meek, gentle, 1306, 1441.
Mildelike, meekly, 1321, 1371,
1423;
gently, 2778.
Page 440
Min, mine, 1566, 1567.
Mind, quantity, 3676.
Mirc, dark, mirk, 286.
O.N. myrkr, dark; myrka, to
darken.
Miri, Mirie, merry, pleasant, 212,
294;
cheerful, 2258.
Miries, an error for mirie, pleasant,
1038.
Mirknesse, darkness, 3104.
Mis, (sb.) wrong, 206.
Mis-ches = mischose, sinned, 190.
Misdede, misdid, sinned, 1847,
1890.
Misdedes, misdeeds, 3637.
Misdon, misdone, 1680, 2642,
3054.
Miserlike, indistinctly, 2658.
A.S. misse-líc, dissimilar, various.
Misfaren, to misbehave, 1911.
Misleuede, disbelieved, 3906.
Misliked, Mislikede, displeased,
1728, 4011.
Misnumen, (p.p.) sinned, 3091.
Mind, quantity, 3676.
Mirc, dark, mirk, 286.
O.N. myrkr, dark; myrka, to
darken.
Miri, Mirie, merry, pleasant, 212,
294;
cheerful, 2258.
Miries, an error for mirie, pleasant,
1038.
Mirknesse, darkness, 3104.
Mis, (sb.) wrong, 206.
Mis-ches = mischose, sinned, 190.
Misdede, misdid, sinned, 1847,
1890.
Misdedes, misdeeds, 3637.
Misdon, misdone, 1680, 2642,
3054.
Miserlike, indistinctly, 2658.
A.S. misse-líc, dissimilar, various.
Misfaren, to misbehave, 1911.
Misleuede, disbelieved, 3906.
Misliked, Mislikede, displeased,
1728, 4011.
Misnumen, (p.p.) sinned, 3091.
Page 441
See Nimen.
Missen, to miss, lose, 3336.
O.N. missa. Du. missen.
Mistagte, misdirected, misled, 475.
Miste, missed, 3872, 3874.
Miswiuen, to miswive, marry
unlawfully, 540.
Miðe, cease, remain quiet, 3807.
Du. mijden, to avoid, shun.
Mo, Moo, more, 354, 414, 428.
Moal = mal, speech, 81.
Du. maal. O.N. mâl.
"For Iesus o Grickisshe mal
Onn Ennglissch iss, Hælennde."
—(Orm. i. 147.)
Mod, Modd, Mode, mood, mind,
36, 128, 333, 717, 3577.
A.S. mód.
Moder, mother, 122, 1421.
Moderes, mother's, 1434.
Modi, moody, angry, 2660, 2712.
A.S. módig.
Modilike, cruelly, 2584.
Mog, male relative, 1761.
A.S. mæg, (m.) a relation,
kinsman; mæge, (f.) a
kinswoman.
Missen, to miss, lose, 3336.
O.N. missa. Du. missen.
Mistagte, misdirected, misled, 475.
Miste, missed, 3872, 3874.
Miswiuen, to miswive, marry
unlawfully, 540.
Miðe, cease, remain quiet, 3807.
Du. mijden, to avoid, shun.
Mo, Moo, more, 354, 414, 428.
Moal = mal, speech, 81.
Du. maal. O.N. mâl.
"For Iesus o Grickisshe mal
Onn Ennglissch iss, Hælennde."
—(Orm. i. 147.)
Mod, Modd, Mode, mood, mind,
36, 128, 333, 717, 3577.
A.S. mód.
Moder, mother, 122, 1421.
Moderes, mother's, 1434.
Modi, moody, angry, 2660, 2712.
A.S. módig.
Modilike, cruelly, 2584.
Mog, male relative, 1761.
A.S. mæg, (m.) a relation,
kinsman; mæge, (f.) a
kinswoman.
Page 442
Mogen, may, can, 3227.
Moned = moneð, month, 593, 597,
615.
Mone, moon, 132, 139, 141.
Monen, to moan, bewail, 180.
Mones, moon's, 144, 145.
Moneð, month, 145, 152, 619;
months, 2592.
Moo, more, 428.
Mor, more, 511, 993.
Morgen, morrow, morning, 247,
1161.
A.S. morgen.
Morgen-giwe = morgen-giue,
nuptial gift, 1428.
A.S. morgen-gifu.
Morge-quile, Morgen-quile,
morning while, a short space
of time, 3275, 3443, 3461.
Morgen-tid, morning time, 59.
Morwen, morrow, morning, 2305,
3162.
Moste, most, greatest, 189, 198.
Mot, Mote, may, might, 1304, 1621,
3488;
should, 2645.
Moned = moneð, month, 593, 597,
615.
Mone, moon, 132, 139, 141.
Monen, to moan, bewail, 180.
Mones, moon's, 144, 145.
Moneð, month, 145, 152, 619;
months, 2592.
Moo, more, 428.
Mor, more, 511, 993.
Morgen, morrow, morning, 247,
1161.
A.S. morgen.
Morgen-giwe = morgen-giue,
nuptial gift, 1428.
A.S. morgen-gifu.
Morge-quile, Morgen-quile,
morning while, a short space
of time, 3275, 3443, 3461.
Morgen-tid, morning time, 59.
Morwen, morrow, morning, 2305,
3162.
Moste, most, greatest, 189, 198.
Mot, Mote, may, might, 1304, 1621,
3488;
should, 2645.
Page 443
Moðed = moded, minded, 1584.
Mouies, aunt's, 1651.
Cp. Du. moei, aunt.
See Mog.
Mount, 2853.
Mugen, (inf.) to be able, 1818,
2090, (pl.) 3017.
A.S. mágan.
Mune, (imp.) bear in mind, 45.
Mune, Munen, to bear in mind,
remember, 197, 972, 1622,
2422;
commemorate, 687, 3138.
A.S. ge-munan, to remember, call
to mind.
Munen, (pl.) bear in mind, 558,
1350.
Munendai, Monday, 72.
Muneð, remembers, 2409.
Muniging, Muning,
commemoration, memorial,
678, 1623, 3344, 3394.
Munt, mount, 1744, 2773.
Muntes, mount's, 3487.
Murnen, to mourn, 2053.
Murning, mourning, 2908, 3205.
Mouies, aunt's, 1651.
Cp. Du. moei, aunt.
See Mog.
Mount, 2853.
Mugen, (inf.) to be able, 1818,
2090, (pl.) 3017.
A.S. mágan.
Mune, (imp.) bear in mind, 45.
Mune, Munen, to bear in mind,
remember, 197, 972, 1622,
2422;
commemorate, 687, 3138.
A.S. ge-munan, to remember, call
to mind.
Munen, (pl.) bear in mind, 558,
1350.
Munendai, Monday, 72.
Muneð, remembers, 2409.
Muniging, Muning,
commemoration, memorial,
678, 1623, 3344, 3394.
Munt, mount, 1744, 2773.
Muntes, mount's, 3487.
Murnen, to mourn, 2053.
Murning, mourning, 2908, 3205.
Page 444
Musike, music, 460.
Muste, (pret. of mot) might, 2624.
Muð, mouth, 2655, 3971.
Muðes, mouths, 2216.
Muwen, may, 3316.
See Mugen.
Nagt, night, 1678, 3142, 3832.
Naild, nailed, 564.
Nam, took, 85, 200, 1218;
seized, 482, 673;
conceived, 1177;
came, 698, 1402;
came upon, 1490;
went, took the way, 744, 745,
1247, 1436.
See Nimen.
Name[n], name, 3497.
Narwere, narrower, 3965.
Ne, not, 554, et passim.
Ne-gate, no-gate, no-wise, 3224.
Nede, necessity, 2161, 2165, 3165.
Neddre, adder, serpent, 323, 369,
374.
Neddres, adders, serpents, 2930.
Muste, (pret. of mot) might, 2624.
Muð, mouth, 2655, 3971.
Muðes, mouths, 2216.
Muwen, may, 3316.
See Mugen.
Nagt, night, 1678, 3142, 3832.
Naild, nailed, 564.
Nam, took, 85, 200, 1218;
seized, 482, 673;
conceived, 1177;
came, 698, 1402;
came upon, 1490;
went, took the way, 744, 745,
1247, 1436.
See Nimen.
Name[n], name, 3497.
Narwere, narrower, 3965.
Ne, not, 554, et passim.
Ne-gate, no-gate, no-wise, 3224.
Nede, necessity, 2161, 2165, 3165.
Neddre, adder, serpent, 323, 369,
374.
Neddres, adders, serpents, 2930.
Page 445
Nedful, needy, 2130.
Neet, neat, cattle, beeves, 2097.
See Net.
Neg, nigh, 833, 1234, 3320.
Negt = neg it, nigh it, 3964.
Neiðere, Neiðer, neither, 394, 1276.
Nemeld = nemned, assigned, 3533.
Nemnen, name, call, 82;
number, 4085.
A.S. nemnan, to name, call upon.
Ner, near, 478, 1395.
Nest, nearest, next, 3791, 3921.
Nestes, neighbour's, 3515.
A.S. nesta, a neighbour.
Net, Neet, neat, cattle, 940, 2097.
A.S. nýten, níten, cattle, beast.
O.N. naut, an ox.
Netes, neat's, 3712.
Ne-ðe-les, nevertheless, 3853.
Neðer, downwards, 370.
Neðer-ten, to descend, 3567.
See Ten.
Neue, Neve, nephew, 724, 799,
1761.
A.S. nefa; Fr. neveu; O.Fr. neve.
Neet, neat, cattle, beeves, 2097.
See Net.
Neg, nigh, 833, 1234, 3320.
Negt = neg it, nigh it, 3964.
Neiðere, Neiðer, neither, 394, 1276.
Nemeld = nemned, assigned, 3533.
Nemnen, name, call, 82;
number, 4085.
A.S. nemnan, to name, call upon.
Ner, near, 478, 1395.
Nest, nearest, next, 3791, 3921.
Nestes, neighbour's, 3515.
A.S. nesta, a neighbour.
Net, Neet, neat, cattle, 940, 2097.
A.S. nýten, níten, cattle, beast.
O.N. naut, an ox.
Netes, neat's, 3712.
Ne-ðe-les, nevertheless, 3853.
Neðer, downwards, 370.
Neðer-ten, to descend, 3567.
See Ten.
Neue, Neve, nephew, 724, 799,
1761.
A.S. nefa; Fr. neveu; O.Fr. neve.
Page 446
Neuere, never, 230, 1240.
Newe, new, 694, 1286.
Newes, anew, 250.
Newelike, recently, 293.
Nifte, niece, 1386.
A.S. nift.
Nigt, night, 43, 76, 79.
Nigtes, nights, 590.
Nigenti, Nigneti, ninety, 990, 1027.
Nile, will not, 1806.
Nim, take, 1720.
Nimen, to take, 1042, 1739, 2362.
A.S. niman (pret. nám, p.p.
numen).
Nið, envy, 373, 1915.
A.S. nið, malice; Ger. neid; O.N.
nída, to abuse, disgrace.
Nídíngr, a niggard,
coward.
Niðede, envied, 1521.
Niðful, envious, 369, 1917.
Niðing, niggardliness, 3432.
Nogt, not, 330.
Nogwer, nowhere, 1271.
Newe, new, 694, 1286.
Newes, anew, 250.
Newelike, recently, 293.
Nifte, niece, 1386.
A.S. nift.
Nigt, night, 43, 76, 79.
Nigtes, nights, 590.
Nigenti, Nigneti, ninety, 990, 1027.
Nile, will not, 1806.
Nim, take, 1720.
Nimen, to take, 1042, 1739, 2362.
A.S. niman (pret. nám, p.p.
numen).
Nið, envy, 373, 1915.
A.S. nið, malice; Ger. neid; O.N.
nída, to abuse, disgrace.
Nídíngr, a niggard,
coward.
Niðede, envied, 1521.
Niðful, envious, 369, 1917.
Niðing, niggardliness, 3432.
Nogt, not, 330.
Nogwer, nowhere, 1271.
Page 447
Nolden, (pl.) would not, 3029.
Nome, (sb.) hostage, pledge, 2268.
See Nimen.
Nome, should take, 3341.
Nomen, (pl.) took, accepted, 1016,
1965;
(p.p.) come, 3039.
Non, no, none, 223, 275.
Noten, use, enjoy, eat, 3144.
A.S. notian, use, enjoy.
Nov, now, 749.
Nu, now, 356, 379.
Nuge, now, at once, 1328.
Numen, (p.p.) taken, 343, 366, 400,
409, 1316;
smitten, seized, 2107, 2826;
kept, 2268;
passed, gone, 579, 594, 1142,
2485, 2753, 2769;
practised, 1382.
Nunmor, no more, 788, 1118, 1420.
Nutes, nuts, 3840.
Nyð, envy, 273.
See Nið.
O, of, 111, 353, 674, 1196, 2330,
2556, 3577.
Nome, (sb.) hostage, pledge, 2268.
See Nimen.
Nome, should take, 3341.
Nomen, (pl.) took, accepted, 1016,
1965;
(p.p.) come, 3039.
Non, no, none, 223, 275.
Noten, use, enjoy, eat, 3144.
A.S. notian, use, enjoy.
Nov, now, 749.
Nu, now, 356, 379.
Nuge, now, at once, 1328.
Numen, (p.p.) taken, 343, 366, 400,
409, 1316;
smitten, seized, 2107, 2826;
kept, 2268;
passed, gone, 579, 594, 1142,
2485, 2753, 2769;
practised, 1382.
Nunmor, no more, 788, 1118, 1420.
Nutes, nuts, 3840.
Nyð, envy, 273.
See Nið.
O, of, 111, 353, 674, 1196, 2330,
2556, 3577.
Page 448
O = on, in, 81.
Oc, but = O.E. ac, 187, 213, 488,
852, 861.
A.S. ac.
Oc, also, 54, 465.
A.S. eác.
Oc = og, ought, 197.
Of, in, 1355, 1901;
from, 2390.
Of-dred, afraid, 3955.
Offerd, afraid, 2844.
Offiz, office, 2071.
Offrande, Offrende, Ofrende, (sb.)
offering, 1298, 1309, 1312,
1314, 3631;
(adj.) 1503.
Offreden, (pl.) offered, 3619.
Offrendes, Ofrendes, offerings,
1627, 3551.
Offrigt, Ofrigt, afraid, 2050, 2225,
3652, 3692.
Of-slagen, slain, 4077.
Og, (pres.) owe, 2187;
ought, 1.
Ogen, (pres. pl.) ought, 15;
would, 2054.
Oc, but = O.E. ac, 187, 213, 488,
852, 861.
A.S. ac.
Oc, also, 54, 465.
A.S. eác.
Oc = og, ought, 197.
Of, in, 1355, 1901;
from, 2390.
Of-dred, afraid, 3955.
Offerd, afraid, 2844.
Offiz, office, 2071.
Offrande, Offrende, Ofrende, (sb.)
offering, 1298, 1309, 1312,
1314, 3631;
(adj.) 1503.
Offreden, (pl.) offered, 3619.
Offrendes, Ofrendes, offerings,
1627, 3551.
Offrigt, Ofrigt, afraid, 2050, 2225,
3652, 3692.
Of-slagen, slain, 4077.
Og, (pres.) owe, 2187;
ought, 1.
Ogen, (pres. pl.) ought, 15;
would, 2054.
Page 449
Ogen, (adj.) own, 884.
Oget, ought, should, 324.
Ogt, aught, 1793.
Ok, also, 944.
See Oc.
Olde, old (ones), 3852.
Olie, oil, 1548, 2458.
Olige, oil, 1624.
Olike, alike, 2024.
Oliues, olive's, 608.
On, after, 1751.
On, an error for of = from, 649.
On, in, 4, 14, 38, 151, 161, 162,
164.
On, one, 56, 185, 454, 665;
'on and on,' singly, 1639, 2323.
On-dreg, (imp.) endure patiently,
3319.
See Dreg.
One, alone, 134, 308, 974, 2015.
Ones, once, 3288;
of one, 1720, 1725, 1730.
On-felde, afield, 1437.
Oget, ought, should, 324.
Ogt, aught, 1793.
Ok, also, 944.
See Oc.
Olde, old (ones), 3852.
Olie, oil, 1548, 2458.
Olige, oil, 1624.
Olike, alike, 2024.
Oliues, olive's, 608.
On, after, 1751.
On, an error for of = from, 649.
On, in, 4, 14, 38, 151, 161, 162,
164.
On, one, 56, 185, 454, 665;
'on and on,' singly, 1639, 2323.
On-dreg, (imp.) endure patiently,
3319.
See Dreg.
One, alone, 134, 308, 974, 2015.
Ones, once, 3288;
of one, 1720, 1725, 1730.
On-felde, afield, 1437.
Page 450
On-kumen, invaded, 841.
A.S. on-cuman, to enter in.
On-liue, in life, alive, 2417, 3105,
3595.
On-morgen, On-morwen, a morrow,
in the morning, 1093, 1161,
1417, 1680, 2305, 3162.
On-nigt, Onigt, by night, 869, 1781,
2049, 2123, 3293.
Onon, anon, at once, 1067, 1145.
On-ros, arose, 1936.
A.S. on-rísan, to rise up.
On-rum, aside, apart, 4000, 4021.
A.S. rúm, room, space, place.
On-sagen = unsagen = unsaw,
reproach, 2045.
On-seken, (pl.) attack, 851.
On-sel, On-sele, in time, betimes,
timely, 1537, 2051.
See Sel, Sele.
On-sunder, separate, apart, 148,
3909.
On-ðrist, athirst, 1229.
Oo, ever, 111.
Ooc, oak, 1873.
Opelike, openly, publicly, 2583.
A.S. on-cuman, to enter in.
On-liue, in life, alive, 2417, 3105,
3595.
On-morgen, On-morwen, a morrow,
in the morning, 1093, 1161,
1417, 1680, 2305, 3162.
On-nigt, Onigt, by night, 869, 1781,
2049, 2123, 3293.
Onon, anon, at once, 1067, 1145.
On-ros, arose, 1936.
A.S. on-rísan, to rise up.
On-rum, aside, apart, 4000, 4021.
A.S. rúm, room, space, place.
On-sagen = unsagen = unsaw,
reproach, 2045.
On-seken, (pl.) attack, 851.
On-sel, On-sele, in time, betimes,
timely, 1537, 2051.
See Sel, Sele.
On-sunder, separate, apart, 148,
3909.
On-ðrist, athirst, 1229.
Oo, ever, 111.
Ooc, oak, 1873.
Opelike, openly, publicly, 2583.
Page 451
Opnede, opened, 3773.
Opperes, hoppers, locusts, 3096.
A.S. hoppere, a hopper. Cf. Eng.
grasshoppers.
Or, ere, before, previously, 48, 490,
645, 649, 658, 905, etc.;
'or ðan,' ere that, 2435;
first, 88, 490, 658, 905, 2929.
Or, than, 1510, 2928.
Orest, first, 2061.
Orf, cattle, 795, 883, 1642.
See Erf, Erue.
Orgel, presumptuous, 3767.
A.S. orh, orgel. Fr. orgueil.
Origt, aright, rightly, 1299, 2226.
Ostel, lodging, 1056.
See Hostel.
O-sunder, asunder, apart, 58, 116.
Oten = hoten, called, 1131.
Oðer, second, 93, 705.
Oðer, or, 1940.
Oðere, others, 1187, 2132, 2199,
3613.
Oðer sum, 'some other,' 686.
Ougt, aught, thing, 121.
Opperes, hoppers, locusts, 3096.
A.S. hoppere, a hopper. Cf. Eng.
grasshoppers.
Or, ere, before, previously, 48, 490,
645, 649, 658, 905, etc.;
'or ðan,' ere that, 2435;
first, 88, 490, 658, 905, 2929.
Or, than, 1510, 2928.
Orest, first, 2061.
Orf, cattle, 795, 883, 1642.
See Erf, Erue.
Orgel, presumptuous, 3767.
A.S. orh, orgel. Fr. orgueil.
Origt, aright, rightly, 1299, 2226.
Ostel, lodging, 1056.
See Hostel.
O-sunder, asunder, apart, 58, 116.
Oten = hoten, called, 1131.
Oðer, second, 93, 705.
Oðer, or, 1940.
Oðere, others, 1187, 2132, 2199,
3613.
Oðer sum, 'some other,' 686.
Ougt, aught, thing, 121.
Page 452
Ouer-cam, passed over, 1633.
Ouer-cumen, (p.p.) overcome,
2108.
Ouer-flet, overflowed, 586.
See Flet.
Ouer-flowged, overflowed, 556.
Ouer-gon, passed, 1186, 1903,
3031.
Ouer-man, ruler, 3424.
Ouer-meten, passed over, elapsed,
1665.
Ouer-pharan = over-faren, overfare,
pass over, 2487.
See Faren.
Ouertakeð, overtakes, 2313.
Ouer-toc, overtook, 1756.
Owen, should, 1944.
Owen, own, 120, 348, 1838.
Owold, Awold, signify, 324;
happen, 525.
See Awold.
Paid, (p.p.) 2215.
Pais, peace, 8, 2535.
Palme-tren, palm-trees, 3305.
Ouer-cumen, (p.p.) overcome,
2108.
Ouer-flet, overflowed, 586.
See Flet.
Ouer-flowged, overflowed, 556.
Ouer-gon, passed, 1186, 1903,
3031.
Ouer-man, ruler, 3424.
Ouer-meten, passed over, elapsed,
1665.
Ouer-pharan = over-faren, overfare,
pass over, 2487.
See Faren.
Ouertakeð, overtakes, 2313.
Ouer-toc, overtook, 1756.
Owen, should, 1944.
Owen, own, 120, 348, 1838.
Owold, Awold, signify, 324;
happen, 525.
See Awold.
Paid, (p.p.) 2215.
Pais, peace, 8, 2535.
Palme-tren, palm-trees, 3305.
Page 453
Paradis, Paradise, 291, 406.
Pert = apert, open, clear, 3292.
Pilches, garments of skin, 377.
A.S. pylce.
Piler, pillar, 3293.
Pilt, thrown, put, 2214.
O.E. pult. Dan. putte, to put into.
Pine, (vb.) torment, plague, 179.
Pine, (sb.) sorrow, torment, 177,
244, 955, 2530, 2785, 3094.
Plage, play, lust, 537.
Plages, plays, amusements, 3575.
Plaigen, to play, 2016.
Plates (of silver), 2370.
Pleide, played, 1214.
Plenteð = plenté, plenty, 3709.
Pligt, (sb.) pledge, 1269;
sin, offence, 'to pligt' = for the
offence, 3611.
A.S. pliht.
Pligt, (vb.) pledge, 1776;
(p.p.) pledged, 1275, 2677.
Podes, toads, 2977.
O.N. padda, a toad.
Pert = apert, open, clear, 3292.
Pilches, garments of skin, 377.
A.S. pylce.
Piler, pillar, 3293.
Pilt, thrown, put, 2214.
O.E. pult. Dan. putte, to put into.
Pine, (vb.) torment, plague, 179.
Pine, (sb.) sorrow, torment, 177,
244, 955, 2530, 2785, 3094.
Plage, play, lust, 537.
Plages, plays, amusements, 3575.
Plaigen, to play, 2016.
Plates (of silver), 2370.
Pleide, played, 1214.
Plenteð = plenté, plenty, 3709.
Pligt, (sb.) pledge, 1269;
sin, offence, 'to pligt' = for the
offence, 3611.
A.S. pliht.
Pligt, (vb.) pledge, 1776;
(p.p.) pledged, 1275, 2677.
Podes, toads, 2977.
O.N. padda, a toad.
Page 454
Polheuedes, tadpoles, 2977.
Does it signify spade-headed,
from O.N. pál, a spade, as
in pole-axe?
Pore, an error for gore = gure, your,
2190.
Preige, prey, 4028.
Prenes, brooches, 1872.
A.S. preon, a clasp, bodkin. O.N.
priona, to sew.
Present, (sb.) 1831, 2273.
Prest, priest, 3886, 3922.
Prikeð, pricks, spurs, 3964.
Pris, honour, 292, 326;
value, worth, 2247, 2700;
riches, 2690.
Prisun, prison, 2040, 2046, 2070.
Prisuner, gaoler, 2042.
Prisunes, prisoners, 2044.
Prud, proud, 858, 1414;
pride, 1966.
Quad = quead, bad, evil, 536.
Quad = quoth, said, 755, 929, 1041,
1045.
Quake = wake, watch, 1054.
Does it signify spade-headed,
from O.N. pál, a spade, as
in pole-axe?
Pore, an error for gore = gure, your,
2190.
Preige, prey, 4028.
Prenes, brooches, 1872.
A.S. preon, a clasp, bodkin. O.N.
priona, to sew.
Present, (sb.) 1831, 2273.
Prest, priest, 3886, 3922.
Prikeð, pricks, spurs, 3964.
Pris, honour, 292, 326;
value, worth, 2247, 2700;
riches, 2690.
Prisun, prison, 2040, 2046, 2070.
Prisuner, gaoler, 2042.
Prisunes, prisoners, 2044.
Prud, proud, 858, 1414;
pride, 1966.
Quad = quead, bad, evil, 536.
Quad = quoth, said, 755, 929, 1041,
1045.
Quake = wake, watch, 1054.
Page 455
The rhyme requires quate = wait.
Quamede, pleased, 1019.
See Quemede.
Quam, whom, 1768.
Quan, Quane, Quanne, when, 16,
92, 418, 576, 708, 721, 930.
Quan, since, 1817.
Quar, where, 1311.
Quase, whose, 2870.
Quat, what, 171, 324, 357, 634;
which, 4160.
Quat, quoth, 1313, 1775.
Quatso, whatso, 1324.
Quað, (pret.) quoth, 1311, 1371;
in line 3988 read 'queð' (imp.),
speak.
Quead, wretch, wicked one, 295,
4063.
Du. kwaad, bad.
Quede, promise, 1463.
A.S. cwede, a saying; cwiddian, to
speak.
Quemed, beloved (ones), 86.
A.S. cweman, to please, satisfy.
Quemede, satisfied, 978, 1380.
Quamede, pleased, 1019.
See Quemede.
Quam, whom, 1768.
Quan, Quane, Quanne, when, 16,
92, 418, 576, 708, 721, 930.
Quan, since, 1817.
Quar, where, 1311.
Quase, whose, 2870.
Quat, what, 171, 324, 357, 634;
which, 4160.
Quat, quoth, 1313, 1775.
Quatso, whatso, 1324.
Quað, (pret.) quoth, 1311, 1371;
in line 3988 read 'queð' (imp.),
speak.
Quead, wretch, wicked one, 295,
4063.
Du. kwaad, bad.
Quede, promise, 1463.
A.S. cwede, a saying; cwiddian, to
speak.
Quemed, beloved (ones), 86.
A.S. cweman, to please, satisfy.
Quemede, satisfied, 978, 1380.
Page 456
Quemest, most pleasing, 3764.
Quemeð, easeth, lightens, 408.
Quer, where, 762.
Quer-of, whereof, 366.
Queðe = quede, word, 4011.
See Quede.
Queðen, to speak, 3525, 4002;
to promise, 2788;
to enquire, 1792.
A.S. cwéðan (pret. cwǽð, p.p. ge-
cweden).
Queðen, (p.p.) called, 1496;
promised, 3944.
Queðen, whence, 1401.
O.N. hvaðan.
Queðer, whether, 3272;
which (of the two), 1471.
Queðer-so, whether, 340, 491.
Quhu, how, 20.
Qui, why, 1759, 1760.
Qui = quile, awhile, 4000.
Quider, whither, 2600.
Quil = quilc, which, 3631.
Quilc = what, 1572;
which, 3764;
Quemeð, easeth, lightens, 408.
Quer, where, 762.
Quer-of, whereof, 366.
Queðe = quede, word, 4011.
See Quede.
Queðen, to speak, 3525, 4002;
to promise, 2788;
to enquire, 1792.
A.S. cwéðan (pret. cwǽð, p.p. ge-
cweden).
Queðen, (p.p.) called, 1496;
promised, 3944.
Queðen, whence, 1401.
O.N. hvaðan.
Queðer, whether, 3272;
which (of the two), 1471.
Queðer-so, whether, 340, 491.
Quhu, how, 20.
Qui, why, 1759, 1760.
Qui = quile, awhile, 4000.
Quider, whither, 2600.
Quil = quilc, which, 3631.
Quilc = what, 1572;
which, 3764;
Page 457
how, 3212.
Quile, while, 2041;
'ðor quile,' while, whilst, 205,
1104, 1106.
Quiles; 'ðor quiles,' whilst, 186,
204, 574.
Quilke, (pl.) which, 2080;
what, 2350.
Quilum, whilom, formerly, 801,
1139, 1171, 1464.
Quit, white, 2810.
Quo, who, 359, 2821, 2822, 2823.
Quor, where, 356, 714.
Quor-at, where to, 3237.
Quor-bi, whereby, 573.
Quor-fore, wherefore, 1632.
Quor-of, whereof, 1314.
Quor-on, whereon, 1310.
Quor-so, where-so, 943, 3107.
Quo-so, whoso, 924.
Quoðen, (pl.) spake, 2993, 3267.
Quow, how, 1560.
Quuad = biquad, ordained, 64.
Quile, while, 2041;
'ðor quile,' while, whilst, 205,
1104, 1106.
Quiles; 'ðor quiles,' whilst, 186,
204, 574.
Quilke, (pl.) which, 2080;
what, 2350.
Quilum, whilom, formerly, 801,
1139, 1171, 1464.
Quit, white, 2810.
Quo, who, 359, 2821, 2822, 2823.
Quor, where, 356, 714.
Quor-at, where to, 3237.
Quor-bi, whereby, 573.
Quor-fore, wherefore, 1632.
Quor-of, whereof, 1314.
Quor-on, whereon, 1310.
Quor-so, where-so, 943, 3107.
Quo-so, whoso, 924.
Quoðen, (pl.) spake, 2993, 3267.
Quow, how, 1560.
Quuad = biquad, ordained, 64.
Page 458
Quuad, quoth, 1021.
Quuam, which, 696.
Quuan, Quuanne, when, 190, 206,
991, 2311.
Quuat, what, 1310.
Quuat-so-euere, whatsoever, 270.
Quuen, queen, 296.
Quuo, who, 1003.
Quuor, where, 2428, 2430, 2431.
Quuow, how, 2732.
Qwel = quelc = quilc, which, 170.
Rad, hasty, 617, 2730;
expeditious, 2481;
eager, 3617;
readily, quickly, 998, 1783.
A.S. rád, ready, quick.
Raken, to scatter, 2132.
Sw. raka.
Raken, to gather, 3324.
A.S. rǽcan, to reach. Du. ráken,
to handle.
Ranc = wrang (?) = was wrung
(with pity), 1658.
Ranc, strong, 2105, 2108.
A.S. ranc.
Quuam, which, 696.
Quuan, Quuanne, when, 190, 206,
991, 2311.
Quuat, what, 1310.
Quuat-so-euere, whatsoever, 270.
Quuen, queen, 296.
Quuo, who, 1003.
Quuor, where, 2428, 2430, 2431.
Quuow, how, 2732.
Qwel = quelc = quilc, which, 170.
Rad, hasty, 617, 2730;
expeditious, 2481;
eager, 3617;
readily, quickly, 998, 1783.
A.S. rád, ready, quick.
Raken, to scatter, 2132.
Sw. raka.
Raken, to gather, 3324.
A.S. rǽcan, to reach. Du. ráken,
to handle.
Ranc = wrang (?) = was wrung
(with pity), 1658.
Ranc, strong, 2105, 2108.
A.S. ranc.
Page 459
Ransaken, to search, 2323.
O.N. ransaka.
Ransakes, searchest, 1773.
Rapede, hastened, 1221.
Du. rap, nimble. O.N. rapa, to
hasten.
Rapen, to hasten, 2376.
Rapeð, (imp.) hasten, 2349.
Raðe, quickly, soon, 1784, 2313,
3664.
A.S. hraðe.
Read, Red, Reed, counsel, advice,
401, 659, 1222, 1737, 2547,
3808, 4064;
instruction, 1515, 2830;
device, plan, 309, 3663, 4059;
remedy, help, 2996.
A.S. rǽd, counsel, advice,
opinion.
Reade se, Red Sea, 2670.
Rechede, interpreted, 2124.
Rechen, to interpret, 2086, 2122.
A.S. recan, to explain, interpret.
Reclefat, censer, 3782.
Redde, advised, 3436.
Redden, (pl.) consulted, 1145;
advised, 2861.
O.N. ransaka.
Ransakes, searchest, 1773.
Rapede, hastened, 1221.
Du. rap, nimble. O.N. rapa, to
hasten.
Rapen, to hasten, 2376.
Rapeð, (imp.) hasten, 2349.
Raðe, quickly, soon, 1784, 2313,
3664.
A.S. hraðe.
Read, Red, Reed, counsel, advice,
401, 659, 1222, 1737, 2547,
3808, 4064;
instruction, 1515, 2830;
device, plan, 309, 3663, 4059;
remedy, help, 2996.
A.S. rǽd, counsel, advice,
opinion.
Reade se, Red Sea, 2670.
Rechede, interpreted, 2124.
Rechen, to interpret, 2086, 2122.
A.S. recan, to explain, interpret.
Reclefat, censer, 3782.
Redde, advised, 3436.
Redden, (pl.) consulted, 1145;
advised, 2861.
Page 460
See Read.
Rede, read, 34.
Rede, Reed, red, 637, 640, 1256,
Rede, advise, 3118.
Reden, to counsel, 1534.
A.S. rǽdan, to counsel (pret. réd,
p.p. rǽden).
Redes, advisest, 2934.
Redi, readily, 998;
ready, 1066.
Redles, foolish, wicked, 3574.
A.S. rǽdleas, rash.
Ref, rough, 3726.
A.S. hreof, rough, scabby.
Reflac, robbery, 436, 3512.
A.S. reáflác, spoil, rapine.
Rein, rain, 3265, 3326.
Rein-bowe, rainbow, 637.
Reke-fille, April, 148, 3136.
Rekelefat, Reklefat, censer, 3761,
3800.
A.S. récels, incense; récelsfæt, a
censer.
Reken, ready, 3485.
Reklefates, censers, 3787.
Rede, read, 34.
Rede, Reed, red, 637, 640, 1256,
Rede, advise, 3118.
Reden, to counsel, 1534.
A.S. rǽdan, to counsel (pret. réd,
p.p. rǽden).
Redes, advisest, 2934.
Redi, readily, 998;
ready, 1066.
Redles, foolish, wicked, 3574.
A.S. rǽdleas, rash.
Ref, rough, 3726.
A.S. hreof, rough, scabby.
Reflac, robbery, 436, 3512.
A.S. reáflác, spoil, rapine.
Rein, rain, 3265, 3326.
Rein-bowe, rainbow, 637.
Reke-fille, April, 148, 3136.
Rekelefat, Reklefat, censer, 3761,
3800.
A.S. récels, incense; récelsfæt, a
censer.
Reken, ready, 3485.
Reklefates, censers, 3787.
Page 461
Rem, cry, outcry, 1962, 2613, 3858.
A.S. hream.
Ren, course, 1.
A.S. ryne, rene.
Ren, swift, 3218.
A.S. ryne, course, race.
Reste, Resten, (sb.) rest, 11, 249,
252, 400.
Restede, (pret.) rested, 257.
Resten, to rest, 1369.
Reu, Rew, grieved, 1166;
sorrowed, 1828.
A.S. hreówan, to rue, grieve (pret.
hreáw).
Reuen, spoil, 2802.
A.S. reáfian, to rob, spoil.
Reuli, sorrowful, mournful, 1162.
A.S. hreówlíc.
Rew, bitter, 3151.
A.S. hreów, raw, fierce.
Rewde, Rewðe, sorrow, grief, 2339;
pity, 2608.
Reweli, Rewli, = piteous,
sorrowful, 1968, 2328.
See Reuli.
Rewlike, sorrowfully, 3106.
A.S. hreówlíce, mournfully.
A.S. hream.
Ren, course, 1.
A.S. ryne, rene.
Ren, swift, 3218.
A.S. ryne, course, race.
Reste, Resten, (sb.) rest, 11, 249,
252, 400.
Restede, (pret.) rested, 257.
Resten, to rest, 1369.
Reu, Rew, grieved, 1166;
sorrowed, 1828.
A.S. hreówan, to rue, grieve (pret.
hreáw).
Reuen, spoil, 2802.
A.S. reáfian, to rob, spoil.
Reuli, sorrowful, mournful, 1162.
A.S. hreówlíc.
Rew, bitter, 3151.
A.S. hreów, raw, fierce.
Rewde, Rewðe, sorrow, grief, 2339;
pity, 2608.
Reweli, Rewli, = piteous,
sorrowful, 1968, 2328.
See Reuli.
Rewlike, sorrowfully, 3106.
A.S. hreówlíce, mournfully.
Page 462
Reyn, rain, 582.
Riche-like, richly, 2442.
Richere, richer, 1280, 3937.
Ride, road, way, course, 3950.
Rif, widely known, renowned, 232;
wide-spread, 1252.
A.S. ryf, rife, prevalent.
Rigesses, rushes, 2595.
A.S. risce, rixe, a rush.
Rigt, right, justice, 52, 451;
rights, 3714;
rightly, 885, 1565;
mode, wise, 1270.
Rigted, set right, 3427.
Rigten, to righten, set right, decide,
3421, 3423, 3426.
A.S. rihtan, to righten, correct,
govern, rule.
Rigt-wise, righteous, 418, 516,
1043.
Rigt-wised, Rigt-wished,
righteousness, 936, 3740.
Rimes, rhyme's, 1.
Rim-frost, rime, hoar frost, 3328.
A.S. rím-forst.
Ringes, rings, 1872, 2703.
Riche-like, richly, 2442.
Richere, richer, 1280, 3937.
Ride, road, way, course, 3950.
Rif, widely known, renowned, 232;
wide-spread, 1252.
A.S. ryf, rife, prevalent.
Rigesses, rushes, 2595.
A.S. risce, rixe, a rush.
Rigt, right, justice, 52, 451;
rights, 3714;
rightly, 885, 1565;
mode, wise, 1270.
Rigted, set right, 3427.
Rigten, to righten, set right, decide,
3421, 3423, 3426.
A.S. rihtan, to righten, correct,
govern, rule.
Rigt-wise, righteous, 418, 516,
1043.
Rigt-wised, Rigt-wished,
righteousness, 936, 3740.
Rimes, rhyme's, 1.
Rim-frost, rime, hoar frost, 3328.
A.S. rím-forst.
Ringes, rings, 1872, 2703.
Page 463
Risen, to rise, 4039.
Roche, rock, 256, 1138.
Rode, cross, 386, 388.
A.S. ród.
Roke, reek, smoke, 1163.
A.S. reác, réc.
Ros, rose, 261, 1055.
Rospen, to rasp, diminish, 2132.
Du. raspen, to grate.
Rotede, became rotten, 3342.
Ru, rough, 1539, 1544.
A.S. rúh.
Run, discourse, conversation, 991.
A.S. rún.
Sac-les, without strife, willingly,
916.
A.S. sacu, strife; sac-leas, without
contention.
Sacrede, sacrificed, 612, 626, 938.
Sad, separated, divided, 58, 116,
266, 1784;
set apart, 208;
scattered, 672.
See Shad.
Safgte, an error for sagte, cure, heal
(?), 470.
Roche, rock, 256, 1138.
Rode, cross, 386, 388.
A.S. ród.
Roke, reek, smoke, 1163.
A.S. reác, réc.
Ros, rose, 261, 1055.
Rospen, to rasp, diminish, 2132.
Du. raspen, to grate.
Rotede, became rotten, 3342.
Ru, rough, 1539, 1544.
A.S. rúh.
Run, discourse, conversation, 991.
A.S. rún.
Sac-les, without strife, willingly,
916.
A.S. sacu, strife; sac-leas, without
contention.
Sacrede, sacrificed, 612, 626, 938.
Sad, separated, divided, 58, 116,
266, 1784;
set apart, 208;
scattered, 672.
See Shad.
Safgte, an error for sagte, cure, heal
(?), 470.
Page 464
Saft, a pole, 3899.
A.S. sceaft, sceft, a shaft, pole.
Safte, making, work, 3628;
creatures, 127.
A.S. sceaft, a creature, created,
made, formed, from
scapan, to form.
Safte, of form, 349.
Sag, saw, 26, 127;
looked, 3901.
Sage, words, sayings, 4153.
A.S. sagu, a saying, speech, saw.
Sagen, saying, 14.
See soðe-sagen.
A.S. sægen, a saying.
Sagt, an error for sag, 1301.
It may = sag + it = saw it.
Sake[n], sake, 1392, 3731.
Sal, shall, 12, et passim.
Sal = salt, shalt, 1815.
Salt, shalt, 1042, 1043.
Salte, salt, 3280.
Saltes, of salt, 1131.
Saltu, shalt thou, 1041, 1813.
Same, shame, 234, 302, 349, 351.
A.S. sceaft, sceft, a shaft, pole.
Safte, making, work, 3628;
creatures, 127.
A.S. sceaft, a creature, created,
made, formed, from
scapan, to form.
Safte, of form, 349.
Sag, saw, 26, 127;
looked, 3901.
Sage, words, sayings, 4153.
A.S. sagu, a saying, speech, saw.
Sagen, saying, 14.
See soðe-sagen.
A.S. sægen, a saying.
Sagt, an error for sag, 1301.
It may = sag + it = saw it.
Sake[n], sake, 1392, 3731.
Sal, shall, 12, et passim.
Sal = salt, shalt, 1815.
Salt, shalt, 1042, 1043.
Salte, salt, 3280.
Saltes, of salt, 1131.
Saltu, shalt thou, 1041, 1813.
Same, shame, 234, 302, 349, 351.
Page 465
Sameden, (pl.) assembled, gathered,
434.
A.S. samnian, to assemble,
collect.
Samen, together, 40, 398, 412.
Samening, assembling, matching,
458;
intercourse, 1442.
A.S. samnung, a congregation.
San, infamy, shame, 373.
A.S. scǽnan, to destroy; scand,
disgrace.
Sanc, sank, 1108.
Sarp, sharp, 2989, 3577.
Sat, set, 945.
Sat, treasure, money, 795, 881,
3169.
A.S. sceat, treasure, gift, money.
Scaðe, harm, ruin, 302, 2314.
A.S. sceaðan, sceaðian, to hurt;
scæðþe, injury, loss.
Schad, separated.
A.S. scádan, to separate, divide.
See Shad, Sad.
Sche, she, 235, 2619.
Schet, shot, 475.
Scheten, to shoot, 474.
434.
A.S. samnian, to assemble,
collect.
Samen, together, 40, 398, 412.
Samening, assembling, matching,
458;
intercourse, 1442.
A.S. samnung, a congregation.
San, infamy, shame, 373.
A.S. scǽnan, to destroy; scand,
disgrace.
Sanc, sank, 1108.
Sarp, sharp, 2989, 3577.
Sat, set, 945.
Sat, treasure, money, 795, 881,
3169.
A.S. sceat, treasure, gift, money.
Scaðe, harm, ruin, 302, 2314.
A.S. sceaðan, sceaðian, to hurt;
scæðþe, injury, loss.
Schad, separated.
A.S. scádan, to separate, divide.
See Shad, Sad.
Sche, she, 235, 2619.
Schet, shot, 475.
Scheten, to shoot, 474.
Page 466
A.S. sceótan, to shoot (pret.
sceat).
Schilde, shield, 2525.
A.S. scýldan, to shield.
Schinen, (pl.) shine, 153.
Schir. sheer, sincere, 1835.
Schoren, cut.
See Abuten-schoren.
Scir, bright, 3848.
Scité, city, 2415.
Sckaðe, harm, destruction, 850.
See Scaðe.
Sckil = skil, reason, 203.
See Skil.
Scrið, entreaty, 1419, 2021.
Scriðed, urged, 1715.
Scroð, urged, solicited, entreated,
1055, 1834, 2023, 2695.
A.S. scríðan, to go (pret. scráð).
Scroðt, an error for scroð, 339.
Se, sea, 1123.
Seek, sack, 2309.
Seckes, sacks, 2213, 2223.
Sed, seed, 121, 1613.
sceat).
Schilde, shield, 2525.
A.S. scýldan, to shield.
Schinen, (pl.) shine, 153.
Schir. sheer, sincere, 1835.
Schoren, cut.
See Abuten-schoren.
Scir, bright, 3848.
Scité, city, 2415.
Sckaðe, harm, destruction, 850.
See Scaðe.
Sckil = skil, reason, 203.
See Skil.
Scrið, entreaty, 1419, 2021.
Scriðed, urged, 1715.
Scroð, urged, solicited, entreated,
1055, 1834, 2023, 2695.
A.S. scríðan, to go (pret. scráð).
Scroðt, an error for scroð, 339.
Se, sea, 1123.
Seek, sack, 2309.
Seckes, sacks, 2213, 2223.
Sed, seed, 121, 1613.
Page 467
Sedes-kin, Seth's kin, 4042.
Segen, (pl.) saw, 3222.
Segeð, cometh, falleth, 2232.
A.S. sígan, to fall.
Sei, (imp.) say to, tell, 3445.
Seid, (p.p.) said, 2425.
Seide, (pret.) said, 277, 323.
Seiden, (pl.) said, 903, 1083.
Seien, to say, 1139.
Seigen, (pl.) say, 917;
(inf.) 2494.
A.S. secgan, seggan, to say.
Seilede, sailed, went, 3389.
Seið, says, 1127, 1293, 1295.
Seið, (imp.) say, 2350.
Sek, sick, 1175.
Seken, to seek, 3598.
Sekenesse, sickness, 775.
Sel, time, season, 417, 928, 1032,
1184, 1224, 1375, 1503,
1545, 2541, 2769, 3159;
'in sel,' quickly, opportunely, 1095;
'al swilk sel,' at such time, 1204;
'on sel,' 'on sele,' in time, timely,
1537.
Segen, (pl.) saw, 3222.
Segeð, cometh, falleth, 2232.
A.S. sígan, to fall.
Sei, (imp.) say to, tell, 3445.
Seid, (p.p.) said, 2425.
Seide, (pret.) said, 277, 323.
Seiden, (pl.) said, 903, 1083.
Seien, to say, 1139.
Seigen, (pl.) say, 917;
(inf.) 2494.
A.S. secgan, seggan, to say.
Seilede, sailed, went, 3389.
Seið, says, 1127, 1293, 1295.
Seið, (imp.) say, 2350.
Sek, sick, 1175.
Seken, to seek, 3598.
Sekenesse, sickness, 775.
Sel, time, season, 417, 928, 1032,
1184, 1224, 1375, 1503,
1545, 2541, 2769, 3159;
'in sel,' quickly, opportunely, 1095;
'al swilk sel,' at such time, 1204;
'on sel,' 'on sele,' in time, timely,
1537.
Page 468
A.S. sǽl, seel, time. Prov. E. seel.
Sel, (imp.) sell, 1495.
Selcuð, marvellous, 3972.
A.S. sel-cúð = seldom known,
wonderful, rare.
Seldum, seldom, 2181.
Seles = selie, good, 1542.
See Seli.
Self; 'Self his kinde' = his own kin,
1806;
even, very, 2610.
Seli, blessed, righteous, 266, 1532,
1986, 2782;
good, 2412, 4079;
fortunate, 1244;
propitious, 31;
happy, blissful, 64.
A.S. sél, good; sǽlig, happy,
blessed, prosperous.
Seli-red, good advice, help, 2514.
Seli-sið, prosperity, 2546.
Seli-sped, bliss, happiness,
prosperity, 240, 2138.
Selkuð, strange, 1286.
See Selcuð.
Selkuðlike, wondrously, greatly,
1557.
Sel, (imp.) sell, 1495.
Selcuð, marvellous, 3972.
A.S. sel-cúð = seldom known,
wonderful, rare.
Seldum, seldom, 2181.
Seles = selie, good, 1542.
See Seli.
Self; 'Self his kinde' = his own kin,
1806;
even, very, 2610.
Seli, blessed, righteous, 266, 1532,
1986, 2782;
good, 2412, 4079;
fortunate, 1244;
propitious, 31;
happy, blissful, 64.
A.S. sél, good; sǽlig, happy,
blessed, prosperous.
Seli-red, good advice, help, 2514.
Seli-sið, prosperity, 2546.
Seli-sped, bliss, happiness,
prosperity, 240, 2138.
Selkuð, strange, 1286.
See Selcuð.
Selkuðlike, wondrously, greatly,
1557.
Page 469
Sellic, Selli, rare, wondrous, 466;
marvellous, 1026;
strange, 3260, 3957.
Sellik, Sellic, wonderfully,
miraculously, 1315, 1316.
A.S. séllíc, síllíc, wonderful.
Selðe, Selðhe, bliss, luck, fortune,
1023, 1341, 1404, 2001.
A.S. sǽlð, gesǽlð, happiness,
felicity.
Selðhelike, successfully, 1372.
Semelen = to assemble, 3865.
Semelike, Semlike, seemly 1007,
1504.
Semes, loads, 1368, 2373.
A.S. seam.
Semet, seemeth, 2169.
Semeð, 1365.
Read semede, loaded.
Sen, to be, 298, 1923, 3843.
Ger. sein.
Sen, (inf.) to see, 279, 956;
to look, 394, 2664;
to look after, take care of, 1663,
2628;
choose, take, 3723.
Sen, (pl.) see, 16, 140.
marvellous, 1026;
strange, 3260, 3957.
Sellik, Sellic, wonderfully,
miraculously, 1315, 1316.
A.S. séllíc, síllíc, wonderful.
Selðe, Selðhe, bliss, luck, fortune,
1023, 1341, 1404, 2001.
A.S. sǽlð, gesǽlð, happiness,
felicity.
Selðhelike, successfully, 1372.
Semelen = to assemble, 3865.
Semelike, Semlike, seemly 1007,
1504.
Semes, loads, 1368, 2373.
A.S. seam.
Semet, seemeth, 2169.
Semeð, 1365.
Read semede, loaded.
Sen, to be, 298, 1923, 3843.
Ger. sein.
Sen, (inf.) to see, 279, 956;
to look, 394, 2664;
to look after, take care of, 1663,
2628;
choose, take, 3723.
Sen, (pl.) see, 16, 140.
Page 470
Sen, Sene, visible, manifest, 74,
1173.
Sende, (imp.) send, 2820.
Senden, to send, 1683.
Sendet, sendeth, 1412.
Senkede = schenkede, poured out,
322.
A.S. scenc, drink; scencan, to
pour out, give to drink.
Sent, (imp.) send, 2825.
Senten, (pl.) sent, 1970, 1973.
Senwe, sinew, 1805;
sinews, 1804.
A.S. sinewe.
Sep, sheep, 1334.
Serf, (imp.) serve, 1685.
Seri, sorry, 408.
Seri-mod, sorrowful-minded, 1850.
Serue, to serve, 1715.
Serue, should serve, 3816.
Seruede, served, 1692, 2051.
Seruen, (pl.) serve, 4126.
Seruen, to serve, 5, 1670, 1694,
3634.
1173.
Sende, (imp.) send, 2820.
Senden, to send, 1683.
Sendet, sendeth, 1412.
Senkede = schenkede, poured out,
322.
A.S. scenc, drink; scencan, to
pour out, give to drink.
Sent, (imp.) send, 2825.
Senten, (pl.) sent, 1970, 1973.
Senwe, sinew, 1805;
sinews, 1804.
A.S. sinewe.
Sep, sheep, 1334.
Serf, (imp.) serve, 1685.
Seri, sorry, 408.
Seri-mod, sorrowful-minded, 1850.
Serue, to serve, 1715.
Serue, should serve, 3816.
Seruede, served, 1692, 2051.
Seruen, (pl.) serve, 4126.
Seruen, to serve, 5, 1670, 1694,
3634.
Page 471
Seruen, to deserve, 1686.
Seruise, service, 1672, 1714, 3754.
Set, made, 562.
Sete, seat, 278.
Sette, planted, 1278.
Setten, (inf.) set, place, 2598.
Seð, sees, 181, 196.
Seð, sod, seethed, 1487.
A.S. seóðan, to boil, seeth (pret.
seáð; p.p. soden).
Seue, seven, 489, 1825.
Seuend, Seuende, seventh, 445,
593, 611.
Seuendai = seuend dai, seventh day,
247, 607.
Seue nigt, Seuene nigt, se'nnight, a
week, 609, 1687, 2952.
Seuenti, seventy, 706, 3665.
Seweden, (pl.) looked, gazed, 2661.
Sex, Sexe, six, 575, 577, 578.
Sexte, sixth, 167, 199, 531.
Sextene, sixteen, 1907.
Sexti, sixty, 663, 1475.
Seruise, service, 1672, 1714, 3754.
Set, made, 562.
Sete, seat, 278.
Sette, planted, 1278.
Setten, (inf.) set, place, 2598.
Seð, sees, 181, 196.
Seð, sod, seethed, 1487.
A.S. seóðan, to boil, seeth (pret.
seáð; p.p. soden).
Seue, seven, 489, 1825.
Seuend, Seuende, seventh, 445,
593, 611.
Seuendai = seuend dai, seventh day,
247, 607.
Seue nigt, Seuene nigt, se'nnight, a
week, 609, 1687, 2952.
Seuenti, seventy, 706, 3665.
Seweden, (pl.) looked, gazed, 2661.
Sex, Sexe, six, 575, 577, 578.
Sexte, sixth, 167, 199, 531.
Sextene, sixteen, 1907.
Sexti, sixty, 663, 1475.
Page 472
Sey, tell, 4114;
sey we, let us say, 4162.
Seyen, Seyn, say, 1445, 3561.
Sge, she, 1444, 1447, 1698.
Shad, separated, 148.
A.S. sceádan (pret. sceod, p.p.
scaden), to separate,
divide.
Shauen, shaved, 2120.
She, 1925.
Shent, destroyed, 754.
A.S. scendan, to shend, disgrace.
Sheren, to reap, 2347.
Shetten, (pl. pret.) shut, 1078.
Shewed = shewede, (pl. pret.)
showed, 1971.
Shiftede, changed, 1732.
Shilde, Schilde, shield, 2525, 4157.
Shire, make clear, 2036.
Sib, Sibbe, akin, 228;
relatives, 2503.
A.S. sib.
Sibbe-blod, blood-relatives, 1468.
Sid, side.
sey we, let us say, 4162.
Seyen, Seyn, say, 1445, 3561.
Sge, she, 1444, 1447, 1698.
Shad, separated, 148.
A.S. sceádan (pret. sceod, p.p.
scaden), to separate,
divide.
Shauen, shaved, 2120.
She, 1925.
Shent, destroyed, 754.
A.S. scendan, to shend, disgrace.
Sheren, to reap, 2347.
Shetten, (pl. pret.) shut, 1078.
Shewed = shewede, (pl. pret.)
showed, 1971.
Shiftede, changed, 1732.
Shilde, Schilde, shield, 2525, 4157.
Shire, make clear, 2036.
Sib, Sibbe, akin, 228;
relatives, 2503.
A.S. sib.
Sibbe-blod, blood-relatives, 1468.
Sid, side.
Page 473
Siden = siðen, since.
Sigande, sighing, 1436.
Sighe = sigðhe, sight, 518.
Sighteles, blind, 1528.
Sigt, sight, 1626, 2774.
Sigðhe, sight, 335, 360.
Sik, sighing, 1239.
A.S. sícan, to sigh. Prov. E. sike.
Siker, secure, safe, 869, 876, 1269.
O.Fris. sikur; Ger. sicher.
Sikerlike, certainly, surely, 1500;
with confidence, boldly, 2319.
Silden, to shield, 214, 1788.
Sinfulhed, sinfulness, 180.
Sile = sel, time, 2978.
See Sel.
Singe, sing, 34.
Singede, sinned, 4066.
Singen, to sing, 27.
Singen, to sin, 172, 188.
A.S. singian.
Sinigeden, (pl.) sinned, 2205.
Sinne, sin, 182, 186.
Sigande, sighing, 1436.
Sighe = sigðhe, sight, 518.
Sighteles, blind, 1528.
Sigt, sight, 1626, 2774.
Sigðhe, sight, 335, 360.
Sik, sighing, 1239.
A.S. sícan, to sigh. Prov. E. sike.
Siker, secure, safe, 869, 876, 1269.
O.Fris. sikur; Ger. sicher.
Sikerlike, certainly, surely, 1500;
with confidence, boldly, 2319.
Silden, to shield, 214, 1788.
Sinfulhed, sinfulness, 180.
Sile = sel, time, 2978.
See Sel.
Singe, sing, 34.
Singede, sinned, 4066.
Singen, to sing, 27.
Singen, to sin, 172, 188.
A.S. singian.
Sinigeden, (pl.) sinned, 2205.
Sinne, sin, 182, 186.
Page 474
Sinnes, sin's, 553.
Sinne-wod, sin mad, 1073.
Sir, sheer, pure, 518, 3580;
clearly, 3045.
See Scir.
Sired, enlighteneth, 327.
A.S. scír, clear; scýrian, to divide.
Sitten, to sit, 279.
Sið, course, conduct, 274.
A.S. sið, path, way.
See Seli-sið.
Siðe, time, 3093.
A.S. sið.
Siðe, Siðen, since, 84, 262, 2405;
after, 237;
afterwards, 509, 609, 1928.
A.S. síððan.
Siðen = siden, sides, 1295.
Siðes, times, 1731, 1825.
Skie, cloud, 3294, 3643.
Skies, clouds, 3463.
Skige, sky, cloud, 3255.
Skil, Sckil, reason, discretion,
wisdom, 193, 203, 1425;
'wit skil,' reasonably, 52.
O.N. skil.
Sinne-wod, sin mad, 1073.
Sir, sheer, pure, 518, 3580;
clearly, 3045.
See Scir.
Sired, enlighteneth, 327.
A.S. scír, clear; scýrian, to divide.
Sitten, to sit, 279.
Sið, course, conduct, 274.
A.S. sið, path, way.
See Seli-sið.
Siðe, time, 3093.
A.S. sið.
Siðe, Siðen, since, 84, 262, 2405;
after, 237;
afterwards, 509, 609, 1928.
A.S. síððan.
Siðen = siden, sides, 1295.
Siðes, times, 1731, 1825.
Skie, cloud, 3294, 3643.
Skies, clouds, 3463.
Skige, sky, cloud, 3255.
Skil, Sckil, reason, discretion,
wisdom, 193, 203, 1425;
'wit skil,' reasonably, 52.
O.N. skil.
Page 475
Skipperes, locusts, 3087.
Skiuden, (pl.) skewed, changed,
1989.
Slagen, (p.p.) slain, 509, 591.
Sleckede, slaked, satisfied, 1230.
A.S. sleacian, to slacken; Sw.
sloka, to droop.
Slen, to slay, 2837, 3729.
A.S. sleán.
Slep, slept, 967, 1605, 3466.
Slepi, sleepy, 871.
Slo, (imp.) slay, 1939, 3505.
A.S. sleán; O.E. (Nn.) sla.
Slog, Slug, slew, 483, 2668, 2685,
3474, 3913, 4081.
Sloge, slew, 3048.
Slon, to slay, 1328, 1752.
Sloð, slays, 3964.
Sluge, would slay, 3976.
Slugen, (pl.) slew, 3916.
Smaken, to scent, 2443.
A.S. smæccan, to savour, taste.
Smale, small, 656, 2107;
'wordes smale,' easy words, 18;
'speche smale,' flattery, 4056.
Skiuden, (pl.) skewed, changed,
1989.
Slagen, (p.p.) slain, 509, 591.
Sleckede, slaked, satisfied, 1230.
A.S. sleacian, to slacken; Sw.
sloka, to droop.
Slen, to slay, 2837, 3729.
A.S. sleán.
Slep, slept, 967, 1605, 3466.
Slepi, sleepy, 871.
Slo, (imp.) slay, 1939, 3505.
A.S. sleán; O.E. (Nn.) sla.
Slog, Slug, slew, 483, 2668, 2685,
3474, 3913, 4081.
Sloge, slew, 3048.
Slon, to slay, 1328, 1752.
Sloð, slays, 3964.
Sluge, would slay, 3976.
Slugen, (pl.) slew, 3916.
Smaken, to scent, 2443.
A.S. smæccan, to savour, taste.
Smale, small, 656, 2107;
'wordes smale,' easy words, 18;
'speche smale,' flattery, 4056.
Page 476
Smere, fatness, 1573.
A.S. sméru, fat.
Smered, anointed, 2455, 2457.
Smerles, anointing, 2454.
A.S. smérels, ointment.
Smeren, to anoint, 2442, 2448.
A.S. smérian, to anoint.
Smette, smote, 2684.
Smit, smiteth, 3970.
Smit, (imp.) smite, 3360.
Smite, plague, 2990.
Smiten, to smite, 3866, 4040.
Smiten, (p.p.) smitten, 3867.
Smiten, (pl.) smote, 2109.
Smið, smith, workman, 466.
Smot, smote, 2925, 2943.
Snake, serpent, 2805.
So, as, 15, 57, 331, 332, et passim.
Sod, shod, 3149.
Softe, soft, mild, 335, 3061;
pleasant, 2057, 2412;
lust, pleasure, 3647.
Softere, (adv.) softer, 3874.
A.S. sméru, fat.
Smered, anointed, 2455, 2457.
Smerles, anointing, 2454.
A.S. smérels, ointment.
Smeren, to anoint, 2442, 2448.
A.S. smérian, to anoint.
Smette, smote, 2684.
Smit, smiteth, 3970.
Smit, (imp.) smite, 3360.
Smite, plague, 2990.
Smiten, to smite, 3866, 4040.
Smiten, (p.p.) smitten, 3867.
Smiten, (pl.) smote, 2109.
Smið, smith, workman, 466.
Smot, smote, 2925, 2943.
Snake, serpent, 2805.
So, as, 15, 57, 331, 332, et passim.
Sod, shod, 3149.
Softe, soft, mild, 335, 3061;
pleasant, 2057, 2412;
lust, pleasure, 3647.
Softere, (adv.) softer, 3874.
Page 477
Sogen, saw, 3522;
seen, 2785.
Sogt, united, at peace, 1934, 2161.
A.S. saht.
Sogt, (p.p.) sought, 848, 3189;
come near, 3130;
'was sogt' = had come, 3707.
Sogte, sought, 682, 1533, 1947.
Sogten, (pl.) sought, 1081.
Solde, sold, 1843;
(pl.) 1955.
Solstices, 150.
Son, shoes, 2781.
Son, shone, 3293, 3614.
Sond, sand, 2718.
Sond, shame, 2714.
A.S. sceond.
Sonde, messenger, 1414, 2313;
message, 3931.
A.S. sand.
Sonde, dish, 2295.
A.S. sand.
Sonder-man, Sondere-man,
messenger, 1410, 2791,
2871.
seen, 2785.
Sogt, united, at peace, 1934, 2161.
A.S. saht.
Sogt, (p.p.) sought, 848, 3189;
come near, 3130;
'was sogt' = had come, 3707.
Sogte, sought, 682, 1533, 1947.
Sogten, (pl.) sought, 1081.
Solde, sold, 1843;
(pl.) 1955.
Solstices, 150.
Son, shoes, 2781.
Son, shone, 3293, 3614.
Sond, sand, 2718.
Sond, shame, 2714.
A.S. sceond.
Sonde, messenger, 1414, 2313;
message, 3931.
A.S. sand.
Sonde, dish, 2295.
A.S. sand.
Sonder-man, Sondere-man,
messenger, 1410, 2791,
2871.
Page 478
Sondere-men, messengers, 1792,
1969.
Sondes, messengers, 1007, 1014,
2165, 4052.
Sondes, messenger's, 1434.
Sone, immediately, soon, 329, 343,
979;
quickly, 1145, 1221;
'sone so,' as soon as, 1109.
Sor, grief, heaviness, 512, 733,
1039, 1048, 1239, 1765,
3650.
A.S. sár.
Sor, sore, 3027.
Sore, sorely, 1166, 3223.
Soren = shorn, reaped, 1919.
Sorful, sorrowful, 2326.
Sorge, sorrow, 68, 302, 362, 512.
A.S. sorh.
Sorges, sorrow's, 360, 778.
Sori, sorrowful, distressed, heavy,
974, 977, 1974;
wicked, 1074.
Sori-mod, sorrowful-minded, 3520.
Sort, lot, 1186.
Sort-leui, short-lived, 712.
1969.
Sondes, messengers, 1007, 1014,
2165, 4052.
Sondes, messenger's, 1434.
Sone, immediately, soon, 329, 343,
979;
quickly, 1145, 1221;
'sone so,' as soon as, 1109.
Sor, grief, heaviness, 512, 733,
1039, 1048, 1239, 1765,
3650.
A.S. sár.
Sor, sore, 3027.
Sore, sorely, 1166, 3223.
Soren = shorn, reaped, 1919.
Sorful, sorrowful, 2326.
Sorge, sorrow, 68, 302, 362, 512.
A.S. sorh.
Sorges, sorrow's, 360, 778.
Sori, sorrowful, distressed, heavy,
974, 977, 1974;
wicked, 1074.
Sori-mod, sorrowful-minded, 3520.
Sort, lot, 1186.
Sort-leui, short-lived, 712.
Page 479
Sorwe, sorrow, 179, 268.
Sorwes, sorrow's, 19, 716, 3742.
Soth, foolish, 3685, 3688.
A.S. sot, a fool.
Soð, Soðe, true, 17, 953, 1032,
1605, 2091, 2842, 3972;
'ben soð' = be accomplished, 2505.
Soð, Soðe, truth, 74, 2034, 2036,
2928.
A.S. sóð, truth, true.
Soðe-sagen, sooth-saw, true story,
14.
Soule, Sowle, soul, 486, 4136.
Soules, Sowles, souls's, 496, 626,
2920.
Sowen, saw, 3108.
Sowen, to sow, 2347.
Sowles, souls, 4156.
Spac, spake, 925, 1753, 1758.
Specande, speaking, 2821.
Speche, speech, language, 665.
Speches, speeches, languages, 666,
668.
Sped, speed, success, 25;
abundance, 122;
Sorwes, sorrow's, 19, 716, 3742.
Soth, foolish, 3685, 3688.
A.S. sot, a fool.
Soð, Soðe, true, 17, 953, 1032,
1605, 2091, 2842, 3972;
'ben soð' = be accomplished, 2505.
Soð, Soðe, truth, 74, 2034, 2036,
2928.
A.S. sóð, truth, true.
Soðe-sagen, sooth-saw, true story,
14.
Soule, Sowle, soul, 486, 4136.
Soules, Sowles, souls's, 496, 626,
2920.
Sowen, saw, 3108.
Sowen, to sow, 2347.
Sowles, souls, 4156.
Spac, spake, 925, 1753, 1758.
Specande, speaking, 2821.
Speche, speech, language, 665.
Speches, speeches, languages, 666,
668.
Sped, speed, success, 25;
abundance, 122;
Page 480
'iwel sped,' misfortune, 310;
'in sped,' 'wið sped,' speedily, 935,
1083, 1221.
Sped, succeed, 1585.
Sped, succeeded, fared, 3314.
Speden, to prosper, succeed, 2303.
Sperd, fastened, enclosed, shut up,
imprisoned, 22, 94, 384,
564, 2093.
Speken, to speak, 2016, 2027, 2710,
2827, 2832, 3400.
Speren, to shut up, 2194.
A.S. sparran; O.N. sperra.
See Hampole's P. of C., l. 3835.
Spice-like, with spices, 2443, 2515.
Spices, 2247.
Spices-ware, spicery, 1952,
Spien, to spy, 2172.
Spies, 2169, 2174.
Spile, sport, play, 3462;
multitude, 2977.
Spiled, scattered, 3183.
Spilen, to play, sport, live joyously,
2532.
A.S. spilian.
'in sped,' 'wið sped,' speedily, 935,
1083, 1221.
Sped, succeed, 1585.
Sped, succeeded, fared, 3314.
Speden, to prosper, succeed, 2303.
Sperd, fastened, enclosed, shut up,
imprisoned, 22, 94, 384,
564, 2093.
Speken, to speak, 2016, 2027, 2710,
2827, 2832, 3400.
Speren, to shut up, 2194.
A.S. sparran; O.N. sperra.
See Hampole's P. of C., l. 3835.
Spice-like, with spices, 2443, 2515.
Spices, 2247.
Spices-ware, spicery, 1952,
Spien, to spy, 2172.
Spies, 2169, 2174.
Spile, sport, play, 3462;
multitude, 2977.
Spiled, scattered, 3183.
Spilen, to play, sport, live joyously,
2532.
A.S. spilian.
Page 481
Spirit, 203.
Spoken, (pl. pret) spake, 2913.
Spot, place, 3280.
Spotted, spotted ones, 1721.
Spred, (p.p.) spread, 650, 831.
Spredde, (pret.) 490.
Spredden, (pl. pret.) spread, 2567.
Springe, spring, 581.
Sprong, sprang, 60, 247, 2740.
Sprungen, (pl.) sprang, 1804;
(p.p.) sprung, 4023.
Spureð, spurs, 3970.
Sren, an error (?) for fren, to
deliver, save, 1103.
Srid, (p.p.) clothed, 379.
Srid, Sridde, (pret.) clothed, 23,
271, 1539.
Sriden, to clothe, 351.
A.S. scrýdan (pret. scrydde), to
clothe.
Srifte, penance, 422, 3692.
Sriðen = sriden, to deck, 1878.
Spoken, (pl. pret) spake, 2913.
Spot, place, 3280.
Spotted, spotted ones, 1721.
Spred, (p.p.) spread, 650, 831.
Spredde, (pret.) 490.
Spredden, (pl. pret.) spread, 2567.
Springe, spring, 581.
Sprong, sprang, 60, 247, 2740.
Sprungen, (pl.) sprang, 1804;
(p.p.) sprung, 4023.
Spureð, spurs, 3970.
Sren, an error (?) for fren, to
deliver, save, 1103.
Srid, (p.p.) clothed, 379.
Srid, Sridde, (pret.) clothed, 23,
271, 1539.
Sriden, to clothe, 351.
A.S. scrýdan (pret. scrydde), to
clothe.
Srifte, penance, 422, 3692.
Sriðen = sriden, to deck, 1878.
Page 482
Srud, clothing, vestments, 176, 271,
795, 857, 2367, 3169.
A.S. scrúd.
Staf, staff, 3149.
Stalðe, theft, 1767.
A.S. stálu.
Stalwurði, stalworthy, strong, 655,
864, 3714.
Starf, died, 481, 658, 4133.
795, 857, 2367, 3169.
A.S. scrúd.
Staf, staff, 3149.
Stalðe, theft, 1767.
A.S. stálu.
Stalwurði, stalworthy, strong, 655,
864, 3714.
Starf, died, 481, 658, 4133.
Page 483
A.S. steorfan (pret. stearf; p.p.
storfen), to die.
Stede, place, 117, 425, 433.
Steden, places, 3441.
Steden, place, 1114.
Steg, ascended, 319, 3527.
See Stigen.
Stele, steal, 3511.
Stelen, to steal, do secretly, hide,
1035;
hide from, 2594.
A.S. stélan.
Stere, rule, 3418;
ruler, 3420.
A.S. steóran, to rule; steóra, ruler;
steóre, rule.
Steres, rulers, 3413, 3415.
Steres-men, rulers, 3417, 3429.
Stering, rule, government, 3410.
Sterre, star, 132;
star's, 134.
A.S. steorra.
Sterres, stars, 1921.
Steuene, Steuone, voice, 355, 622,
1285.
A.S. stefen.
storfen), to die.
Stede, place, 117, 425, 433.
Steden, places, 3441.
Steden, place, 1114.
Steg, ascended, 319, 3527.
See Stigen.
Stele, steal, 3511.
Stelen, to steal, do secretly, hide,
1035;
hide from, 2594.
A.S. stélan.
Stere, rule, 3418;
ruler, 3420.
A.S. steóran, to rule; steóra, ruler;
steóre, rule.
Steres, rulers, 3413, 3415.
Steres-men, rulers, 3417, 3429.
Stering, rule, government, 3410.
Sterre, star, 132;
star's, 134.
A.S. steorra.
Sterres, stars, 1921.
Steuene, Steuone, voice, 355, 622,
1285.
A.S. stefen.
Page 484
Sti, path, 3958.
A.S. stíg, a way, path.
Stig, (imp.) ascend, go up, 4100.
Stigen, (p.p.) ascended, 4130.
A.S. stígan, to ascend, go (pret.
stáh; p.p. gestígen).
Stille, secretly, 2015, 2428, 2718.
Stille, (imp.) be still, 3319.
Stillen, to quiet, still, 3924.
Stinc, stink, 2556, 2975.
Stinken, stinking, 1164.
Stired, stirred, 3580, 3961.
Stirte, started, 2931.
Stið, stiff, stubborn, 1591;
severe, 3266.
A.S. stíð, stýð, firm, stiff.
Stiward, steward, 1991, 2255, 2263,
2712.
A.S. stiward.
Stod, stood, 1019.
Stoden, (pl.) stood, 3543.
Stodet = stood it, 590.
Ston, stone, 1120, 1604.
Stonde, (imp.) stand, 3760.
A.S. stíg, a way, path.
Stig, (imp.) ascend, go up, 4100.
Stigen, (p.p.) ascended, 4130.
A.S. stígan, to ascend, go (pret.
stáh; p.p. gestígen).
Stille, secretly, 2015, 2428, 2718.
Stille, (imp.) be still, 3319.
Stillen, to quiet, still, 3924.
Stinc, stink, 2556, 2975.
Stinken, stinking, 1164.
Stired, stirred, 3580, 3961.
Stirte, started, 2931.
Stið, stiff, stubborn, 1591;
severe, 3266.
A.S. stíð, stýð, firm, stiff.
Stiward, steward, 1991, 2255, 2263,
2712.
A.S. stiward.
Stod, stood, 1019.
Stoden, (pl.) stood, 3543.
Stodet = stood it, 590.
Ston, stone, 1120, 1604.
Stonde, (imp.) stand, 3760.
Page 485
Stonden, to stand, 1607, 2639,
3666.
Stonden agon, (pl.) opposed, 438.
Stondende, standing, 3149.
Stondes, standest, 2782.
Stondeð, stands, 392.
Stong, stung, 3896;
pierced, 4083.
Stor, great, 842.
A.S. stór.
Storue, should die, 1958.
See Starf.
Storuen, (pl. pret.) died, 2975,
2982.
Storuen, (p.p.) dead, 3162.
Strekede, stretched, fell prostrate,
481.
A.S. streccan, to stretch.
Strem, stream, 2096.
Streng, Strenge, string, 479, 714.
A.S. streng.
Strenge, strength, 3728.
A.S. strengo.
Strengðe, Strengðhe, strength, 581,
673;
harm, 1075.
3666.
Stonden agon, (pl.) opposed, 438.
Stondende, standing, 3149.
Stondes, standest, 2782.
Stondeð, stands, 392.
Stong, stung, 3896;
pierced, 4083.
Stor, great, 842.
A.S. stór.
Storue, should die, 1958.
See Starf.
Storuen, (pl. pret.) died, 2975,
2982.
Storuen, (p.p.) dead, 3162.
Strekede, stretched, fell prostrate,
481.
A.S. streccan, to stretch.
Strem, stream, 2096.
Streng, Strenge, string, 479, 714.
A.S. streng.
Strenge, strength, 3728.
A.S. strengo.
Strengðe, Strengðhe, strength, 581,
673;
harm, 1075.
Page 486
Strengthen, to make strong, 3410.
Strif, strife, 373;
toil, 175, 503;
grief, agony, 268, 716, 778, 779,
860.
Striuing, strife, 804.
Strond, strand, 2717.
Strong, 1846;
unpleasant, 2057.
Stronge, (pl.) strong, 3713.
Stund, time, 41, 2041, 3277;
a stound, short space of time,
moment, 2109, 2639.
A.S. stund.
Stunden, (pl.) wait, abide, 3211;
waited, 1987.
Stungen, stung, 3901.
Sul, Sule, (pl.) shall, 303, 305,
1775.
Sulde, should, 172, 175, 194.
Sulden, (pl.) should, 958, 1326.
Suldes, shouldst, 3984.
Sulen, (pl.) shall, 308, 316, 318,
3358.
Sum, (sing.) some, 337, 690, 834,
835;
Strif, strife, 373;
toil, 175, 503;
grief, agony, 268, 716, 778, 779,
860.
Striuing, strife, 804.
Strond, strand, 2717.
Strong, 1846;
unpleasant, 2057.
Stronge, (pl.) strong, 3713.
Stund, time, 41, 2041, 3277;
a stound, short space of time,
moment, 2109, 2639.
A.S. stund.
Stunden, (pl.) wait, abide, 3211;
waited, 1987.
Stungen, stung, 3901.
Sul, Sule, (pl.) shall, 303, 305,
1775.
Sulde, should, 172, 175, 194.
Sulden, (pl.) should, 958, 1326.
Suldes, shouldst, 3984.
Sulen, (pl.) shall, 308, 316, 318,
3358.
Sum, (sing.) some, 337, 690, 834,
835;
Page 487
'oðer sum,' 686.
Sumdel, somewhat, 380.
Sumertid, summertime, 1224.
Summe, (pl.) some, 399, 401.
Sunder, separate, 991;
diverse, 3808;
'sunder bles,' party coloured, 1729.
Sundren, to separate, 468.
Sundri, separate, apart, 393, 1985,
2354, 2414, 3239;
diverse, 1798;
several, 2551.
Sune, Sunen, son, 46, 403, 1656.
Sunedai, Sunenday, Sunday, 71,
261.
Sunen, sons, 2175, 2899, 3481.
Sunen, to bear a son, 981.
Sunen, to shun, 1864.
Sunes, sons, 529, 540, 1251.
Sunes, son's, 1984;
'on sunes stede,' instead of a son,
723, 2629, 2637.
Sungen, (pl.) sang, 3288.
Sunken, (p.p.) sunk, 754;
(pl.) sank, 3775.
Sumdel, somewhat, 380.
Sumertid, summertime, 1224.
Summe, (pl.) some, 399, 401.
Sunder, separate, 991;
diverse, 3808;
'sunder bles,' party coloured, 1729.
Sundren, to separate, 468.
Sundri, separate, apart, 393, 1985,
2354, 2414, 3239;
diverse, 1798;
several, 2551.
Sune, Sunen, son, 46, 403, 1656.
Sunedai, Sunenday, Sunday, 71,
261.
Sunen, sons, 2175, 2899, 3481.
Sunen, to bear a son, 981.
Sunen, to shun, 1864.
Sunes, sons, 529, 540, 1251.
Sunes, son's, 1984;
'on sunes stede,' instead of a son,
723, 2629, 2637.
Sungen, (pl.) sang, 3288.
Sunken, (p.p.) sunk, 754;
(pl.) sank, 3775.
Page 488
Sunne, sun, 132, 139.
Sunnes, sun's, 143.
Surgerun, Suriuren, Suriurn,
sojourn, 64, 2696, 3308.
Suð, south, 829.
Suðen, south, 1167.
Suuen, shoved, driven, 107.
Swanc, toiled, laboured, 2014,
2877;
travelled, 1657.
See Swinken.
Swart, black, 286.
A.S. sweart.
Swem, grievous, afflicting, 391;
grieved, 1961.
Swep (lit. stroke, force), meaning,
2086, 2112.
Swer, (imp.) swear, 3498.
Swerd, sword, 1307, 1327.
Sweren, (pl.) swear, 1964.
Swerdes, of sword, 3721.
Swet, Swete, sweet, nice, 210, 382,
1484, 3302.
Sweuene, dream, 224, 1753.
A.S. swefen.
Sunnes, sun's, 143.
Surgerun, Suriuren, Suriurn,
sojourn, 64, 2696, 3308.
Suð, south, 829.
Suðen, south, 1167.
Suuen, shoved, driven, 107.
Swanc, toiled, laboured, 2014,
2877;
travelled, 1657.
See Swinken.
Swart, black, 286.
A.S. sweart.
Swem, grievous, afflicting, 391;
grieved, 1961.
Swep (lit. stroke, force), meaning,
2086, 2112.
Swer, (imp.) swear, 3498.
Swerd, sword, 1307, 1327.
Sweren, (pl.) swear, 1964.
Swerdes, of sword, 3721.
Swet, Swete, sweet, nice, 210, 382,
1484, 3302.
Sweuene, dream, 224, 1753.
A.S. swefen.
Page 489
Swide = swiðe, quickly, 2726.
Swike, unfaithful, 2845.
A.S. swíc.
Swike-dom, treachery, deceit, 2883.
Swilc, such, 143, 407, 417;
such as, 3620.
Swinacie, quinsy, 1188.
Swine, toil, labour, 268, 363, 2554,
2555.
A.S. swinc.
Swing = swinc, toil, labour, 566.
Swinked, laboured, 4018.
Swinken, to labour, 3778.
A.S. swincan, to toil (pret. swánc,
p.p. swuncen).
Swinkes, labour's, 175.
Swiðe, very, 334, 1645;
quickly, 1009, 1086, 1537.
A.S. swíð, swýð, great, strong.
Swiulc = swuilc = swilc, such, 632.
A.S. swulc.
Swog, swoon, 484.
Swolgen, (p.p.) swallowed, 1976.
A.S. swolgen, p.p. of swelgan, to
swallow.
Swor, sware, 1338.
Swike, unfaithful, 2845.
A.S. swíc.
Swike-dom, treachery, deceit, 2883.
Swilc, such, 143, 407, 417;
such as, 3620.
Swinacie, quinsy, 1188.
Swine, toil, labour, 268, 363, 2554,
2555.
A.S. swinc.
Swing = swinc, toil, labour, 566.
Swinked, laboured, 4018.
Swinken, to labour, 3778.
A.S. swincan, to toil (pret. swánc,
p.p. swuncen).
Swinkes, labour's, 175.
Swiðe, very, 334, 1645;
quickly, 1009, 1086, 1537.
A.S. swíð, swýð, great, strong.
Swiulc = swuilc = swilc, such, 632.
A.S. swulc.
Swog, swoon, 484.
Swolgen, (p.p.) swallowed, 1976.
A.S. swolgen, p.p. of swelgan, to
swallow.
Swor, sware, 1338.
Page 490
Sworen, (p.p.) sworn, pledged, 824,
1525.
Swotes, of sweat, 364.
A.S. swát.
Swunken, (p.p.) toiled, travelled,
1656.
See Swinc.
Tabeles, tables, 3535.
Tabernacle, 3174, 3623.
Tac, (imp.) take, 1287, 3497.
Tagt, (p.p.) taught, directed, 3623,
3746.
Tagte, (pret.) taught, showed, 458,
1243, 1954.
Tagte, (adj.) assigned, promised,
827.
Tagten, (pl.) taught, 1096.
Take, touch, 3456.
Takel, tackle, furniture, goods, 883.
Taken, to take, 1318, 3323.
Taken, to assign, give, 1340.
Tale, speech, language, 450;
tale, story, 321;
reckoning, number, 141, 1673,
2891, 4092;
1525.
Swotes, of sweat, 364.
A.S. swát.
Swunken, (p.p.) toiled, travelled,
1656.
See Swinc.
Tabeles, tables, 3535.
Tabernacle, 3174, 3623.
Tac, (imp.) take, 1287, 3497.
Tagt, (p.p.) taught, directed, 3623,
3746.
Tagte, (pret.) taught, showed, 458,
1243, 1954.
Tagte, (adj.) assigned, promised,
827.
Tagten, (pl.) taught, 1096.
Take, touch, 3456.
Takel, tackle, furniture, goods, 883.
Taken, to take, 1318, 3323.
Taken, to assign, give, 1340.
Tale, speech, language, 450;
tale, story, 321;
reckoning, number, 141, 1673,
2891, 4092;
Page 491
heed, account, 548.
A.S. tal.
Tame, quiet, 1482.
Tamehed, quietness, docility, 1485.
Taune, (imp.) let him show, 3424.
Tauned, Taunede, (pret.) showed,
636, 757, 3444.
Taunen, to show, 1022, 1290.
Du. toonen.
Taunet = taune it, let him show it,
3422.
Tawned, Tawnede, showed, 1294,
4118.
Tawnen, to show, 2034, 2126.
Techen, to teach, 2792.
Teding, suckling, 1208.
A.S. tiedrian, tyddrian, to
propagate, nourish, feed.
Teen = ten, to go, 1344.
A.S. teón, to pull, go, lead (pret.
sing. teah, pret. pl. tugon,
p.p. togen).
Te, the, 2756.
Teg, went, 320, 1135, 3644.
See Teen.
Teld, tent, 3769.
A.S. tal.
Tame, quiet, 1482.
Tamehed, quietness, docility, 1485.
Taune, (imp.) let him show, 3424.
Tauned, Taunede, (pret.) showed,
636, 757, 3444.
Taunen, to show, 1022, 1290.
Du. toonen.
Taunet = taune it, let him show it,
3422.
Tawned, Tawnede, showed, 1294,
4118.
Tawnen, to show, 2034, 2126.
Techen, to teach, 2792.
Teding, suckling, 1208.
A.S. tiedrian, tyddrian, to
propagate, nourish, feed.
Teen = ten, to go, 1344.
A.S. teón, to pull, go, lead (pret.
sing. teah, pret. pl. tugon,
p.p. togen).
Te, the, 2756.
Teg, went, 320, 1135, 3644.
See Teen.
Teld, tent, 3769.
Page 492
A.S. teld.
Teldes, tents, 3442.
Telled = telleð, telleth, 17.
Tellen, to tell, 651, 2755;
to reckon, 87;
recount, 497.
Tellet, (imp.) tell it, 3526.
Telleð, tells, 414.
Temple, 1296.
Ten, (inf.) proceed, go, 934, 1238,
1953;
lead, 1913;
draw, 3005.
See Teen.
Ten, (pl.) go, 856, 3210.
Tende, tenth, 597, 704, 3141.
Tene, sorrow, grief, affliction, 2992.
A.S. teóna, injury, reproach;
teonan, to anger, incense.
Ter, tar, pitch, 662.
A.S. tearo.
Teres, tears, 364, 2356.
Teres, of tears, 2288, 2342.
Terred, tarred, 2596.
Teten, teats, breasts, 3480.
Teldes, tents, 3442.
Telled = telleð, telleth, 17.
Tellen, to tell, 651, 2755;
to reckon, 87;
recount, 497.
Tellet, (imp.) tell it, 3526.
Telleð, tells, 414.
Temple, 1296.
Ten, (inf.) proceed, go, 934, 1238,
1953;
lead, 1913;
draw, 3005.
See Teen.
Ten, (pl.) go, 856, 3210.
Tende, tenth, 597, 704, 3141.
Tene, sorrow, grief, affliction, 2992.
A.S. teóna, injury, reproach;
teonan, to anger, incense.
Ter, tar, pitch, 662.
A.S. tearo.
Teres, tears, 364, 2356.
Teres, of tears, 2288, 2342.
Terred, tarred, 2596.
Teten, teats, breasts, 3480.
Page 493
Tette, teat, pap, breast, 2621.
A.S. tite, titte.
Tgeld = telt, tent, 2025.
See Teld.
Tgelt, encamped, pitched tents.
A.S. teldian, to pitch a tent.
Tgen, ten, 3413, 3418.
Tgen, (pl.) = ten, belong, 3824.
See Teen.
Thaunen, show, declare, 32.
See Taunen.
Then, ten, 3305.
Then = ten, go, 1514.
See Ten.
Tho = to, two, 731.
Tholen, suffer, 508.
A.S. þólian, to suffer, bear,
endure.
Tid, Tide, time, 59, 263, 1507.
A.S. tíd.
Tidi, in good condition, beautiful,
2105.
O.Sw. tidig, beautiful.
Cf. Shakespeare's use of tidy =
plump, well-conditioned.
Tidelike, soon, quickly, 2752.
A.S. tídlíce.
A.S. tite, titte.
Tgeld = telt, tent, 2025.
See Teld.
Tgelt, encamped, pitched tents.
A.S. teldian, to pitch a tent.
Tgen, ten, 3413, 3418.
Tgen, (pl.) = ten, belong, 3824.
See Teen.
Thaunen, show, declare, 32.
See Taunen.
Then, ten, 3305.
Then = ten, go, 1514.
See Ten.
Tho = to, two, 731.
Tholen, suffer, 508.
A.S. þólian, to suffer, bear,
endure.
Tid, Tide, time, 59, 263, 1507.
A.S. tíd.
Tidi, in good condition, beautiful,
2105.
O.Sw. tidig, beautiful.
Cf. Shakespeare's use of tidy =
plump, well-conditioned.
Tidelike, soon, quickly, 2752.
A.S. tídlíce.
Page 494
Tiding, Tidding, tidings, message,
396, 407, 1348, 2907.
Tidlike, quickly, 1231, 3353.
See Tidelike.
Tigel, tile, brick, 461, 662, 2552.
A.S. tigel.
Tigeles, bricks, 2891.
Tigðe, tithe, tenth, 895.
A.S. teogeða.
Tigðes, tithes, 1628.
Til, till, until, 85, 254, 255;
to, 879, 945, 1606.
O.N. til, to.
Tile, gain, 1519.
A.S. til, fit, good; tilian, to
honour, to get, obtain.
Tilen, to earn, 363.
A.S. tilian.
Tiliere, tiller, 1482.
Tillede, (pret.) cultivated, 1278.
Timed, (p.p.) prospered, 4024.
Timede, (pret.) prospered, 3392.
Timen, to occur, happen, befall,
1763, 3820.
A.S. getimian, to happen, fall out.
396, 407, 1348, 2907.
Tidlike, quickly, 1231, 3353.
See Tidelike.
Tigel, tile, brick, 461, 662, 2552.
A.S. tigel.
Tigeles, bricks, 2891.
Tigðe, tithe, tenth, 895.
A.S. teogeða.
Tigðes, tithes, 1628.
Til, till, until, 85, 254, 255;
to, 879, 945, 1606.
O.N. til, to.
Tile, gain, 1519.
A.S. til, fit, good; tilian, to
honour, to get, obtain.
Tilen, to earn, 363.
A.S. tilian.
Tiliere, tiller, 1482.
Tillede, (pret.) cultivated, 1278.
Timed, (p.p.) prospered, 4024.
Timede, (pret.) prospered, 3392.
Timen, to occur, happen, befall,
1763, 3820.
A.S. getimian, to happen, fall out.
Page 495
Timen, to prosper, 1023, 2361,
4010.
Timen, to teem, bring forth, 982.
A.S. tíman, to teem.
Timeð, prospereth, 4010.
Timing, Timinge, fortune, success,
1194, 4016;
welfare, 954.
Timinge = ?time ge, wait ye, 3762.
Timinge, season, opportunity, 31;
circumstance, occurrence, 1244,
2644, 3394.
Tin, thine, 926.
Tines, losest, 3518.
O.N. tyna, to lose.
Tis, this, 334.
To, two, 423, 2653.
To-bar, falsely accused, 2146.
To-bolen, swollen with pride, 970.
Toc, took, 723, 937, 2654;
took up, 1690;
gave, 1416;
considered, 1751.
Tockenes, tokens, signs, miracles,
2860.
4010.
Timen, to teem, bring forth, 982.
A.S. tíman, to teem.
Timeð, prospereth, 4010.
Timing, Timinge, fortune, success,
1194, 4016;
welfare, 954.
Timinge = ?time ge, wait ye, 3762.
Timinge, season, opportunity, 31;
circumstance, occurrence, 1244,
2644, 3394.
Tin, thine, 926.
Tines, losest, 3518.
O.N. tyna, to lose.
Tis, this, 334.
To, two, 423, 2653.
To-bar, falsely accused, 2146.
To-bolen, swollen with pride, 970.
Toc, took, 723, 937, 2654;
took up, 1690;
gave, 1416;
considered, 1751.
Tockenes, tokens, signs, miracles,
2860.
Page 496
To-dragen, to-draw, to tear in
pieces, 191.
To-ful in wis, fully, completely,
2521.
Tog = toc, gave, 1676.
Tog (pret. of ten, to go), went, 607.
See Teen.
Togen (p.p. of ten, to go), gone,
3647.
To-gider, To-gidere, together, 1898,
2352, 3779.
Tok, took (notice), 945.
Toke, (subj.) gave, 1531.
Token, (pl.) took, 2200.
Token, sign, miracle, 635, 646,
2803, 2914.
Tokenede, betokened, 248.
Tokenes, signs, miracles, 2813.
Tokeneð, Toknet, betokeneth, 638,
640.
Toknes, signs, miracles, 140, 153,
2997.
Tok-ning, token, memorial, 1624.
Tol, tool, 469;
tools, 883.
pieces, 191.
To-ful in wis, fully, completely,
2521.
Tog = toc, gave, 1676.
Tog (pret. of ten, to go), went, 607.
See Teen.
Togen (p.p. of ten, to go), gone,
3647.
To-gider, To-gidere, together, 1898,
2352, 3779.
Tok, took (notice), 945.
Toke, (subj.) gave, 1531.
Token, (pl.) took, 2200.
Token, sign, miracle, 635, 646,
2803, 2914.
Tokenede, betokened, 248.
Tokenes, signs, miracles, 2813.
Tokeneð, Toknet, betokeneth, 638,
640.
Toknes, signs, miracles, 140, 153,
2997.
Tok-ning, token, memorial, 1624.
Tol, tool, 469;
tools, 883.
Page 497
Told, (p.p.) reckoned, 1358, 2912.
Tolde, (pret.) told, 1401, 1403.
Tolden, (pl.) told, 2221, 3711.
Ton, one (first), 1010, 2196, 2704.
To-samen, together, 2109, 3145.
See Samen.
To-teren, tear in pieces, 2089.
Toð, tooth, 4148.
Toðer, other, 2724;
second, 619.
Toðere, (pl.) others, 1044, 2340.
To-wis, truly, 3992.
Treen, trees, 1127, 1278.
Tregest, disregardest, 3975.
A.S. ge-tregian, to disregard;
tregian, to trouble, vex; or
= treyest = betrayest.
Tren, trees, 3305.
Trew, tree, 3301.
A.S. treow.
Trewe, true, 720.
A.S. treówe.
Treweiðe, truth, fidelity;
'wið treweiðe,' faithfully, 2304.
A.S. treówð, truth, confidence.
Tolde, (pret.) told, 1401, 1403.
Tolden, (pl.) told, 2221, 3711.
Ton, one (first), 1010, 2196, 2704.
To-samen, together, 2109, 3145.
See Samen.
To-teren, tear in pieces, 2089.
Toð, tooth, 4148.
Toðer, other, 2724;
second, 619.
Toðere, (pl.) others, 1044, 2340.
To-wis, truly, 3992.
Treen, trees, 1127, 1278.
Tregest, disregardest, 3975.
A.S. ge-tregian, to disregard;
tregian, to trouble, vex; or
= treyest = betrayest.
Tren, trees, 3305.
Trew, tree, 3301.
A.S. treow.
Trewe, true, 720.
A.S. treówe.
Treweiðe, truth, fidelity;
'wið treweiðe,' faithfully, 2304.
A.S. treówð, truth, confidence.
Page 498
Trewed, Trewid, believed, 1031,
2385.
A.S. treówian, to trust, believe.
Trewið, believes, 2037.
Trewðe, truth, 2458, 2459;
troth, 1524, 1776;
fidelity, 1270;
pledged word, 2336.
A.S. treúð, treówð, truth, troth,
pledge.
Tribuz, tribes, 3813.
Trike, stream, 2947.
Trimede, brought forth, 1198.
Trimen, to teem, conceive, 1024.
A.S. getrymian, to dispose, bring
forward; trymian, to
provide, prepare.
Troken, to fail, 105.
A.S. trucan, to fail, diminish.
Troweden, (pl.) believed, 1092.
A.S. trúwian, to trust.
Troweð, 2814.
Read Trowe ðe, believe thee.
Truke, failure, default, 3508.
See Troken.
Trume, host, company, 1829.
A.S. truma, a troop, band.
2385.
A.S. treówian, to trust, believe.
Trewið, believes, 2037.
Trewðe, truth, 2458, 2459;
troth, 1524, 1776;
fidelity, 1270;
pledged word, 2336.
A.S. treúð, treówð, truth, troth,
pledge.
Tribuz, tribes, 3813.
Trike, stream, 2947.
Trimede, brought forth, 1198.
Trimen, to teem, conceive, 1024.
A.S. getrymian, to dispose, bring
forward; trymian, to
provide, prepare.
Troken, to fail, 105.
A.S. trucan, to fail, diminish.
Troweden, (pl.) believed, 1092.
A.S. trúwian, to trust.
Troweð, 2814.
Read Trowe ðe, believe thee.
Truke, failure, default, 3508.
See Troken.
Trume, host, company, 1829.
A.S. truma, a troop, band.
Page 499
Tuderande, fruitful, 164.
Tudered, begotten, 630.
A.S. tyddrian, to propagate,
procreate.
Tuen, between, 3802.
Tun, Tune, town, 713, 1102, 2311,
2570.
A.S. tún.
Tunde, surrounded, 866.
A.S. týnan, to hedge in, enclose.
Tunes, towns, 856.
Tunge, tongue, speech, 372, 3158.
Tunges, tongue's, 2656.
Tur, tower, 661.
Turles, (lit. doves) quails, 3676.
Turn, turning, course, 63, 79.
Turtul, turtle (dove), 944.
Twelfte = twelfe, twelve, 3829.
Twelwe, twelve, 663.
Twen, between, 804.
Twenti, twenty, 620.
Twentiðe, twentieth, 3641.
Twie, twice, 808.
Tudered, begotten, 630.
A.S. tyddrian, to propagate,
procreate.
Tuen, between, 3802.
Tun, Tune, town, 713, 1102, 2311,
2570.
A.S. tún.
Tunde, surrounded, 866.
A.S. týnan, to hedge in, enclose.
Tunes, towns, 856.
Tunge, tongue, speech, 372, 3158.
Tunges, tongue's, 2656.
Tur, tower, 661.
Turles, (lit. doves) quails, 3676.
Turn, turning, course, 63, 79.
Turtul, turtle (dove), 944.
Twelfte = twelfe, twelve, 3829.
Twelwe, twelve, 663.
Twen, between, 804.
Twenti, twenty, 620.
Twentiðe, twentieth, 3641.
Twie, twice, 808.
Page 500
Twie-wifing, Twin-wifing, bigamy,
450, 485.
Twin, two, 4020.
Twin-manslagt, double homicide,
485.
Twinne, two, 2367, 3248.
Twinne-del, twofold, 1510.
Twired, perplexing, conflicting.
A.S. twy-rǽd, of two opinions,
differing.
Two, to, 1292.
Ða, then, 1901.
A.S. þa.
Ða = ðat, that, 2190.
Ðad = ðat, that, 311.
Ðan, Ðane, Ðanne, then, 9, 999,
1003, 2680;
than, 144;
when, 17, 182, 2072;
that time, 'bi ðan,' 'bi ðanne,'
1023, 3706;
'ear ðanne, or ðan,' 38, 2435;
'fro ðan,' 188, 3201;
'til ðan,' 471, 1870;
'to ðan,' 867;
'to ðan,' for that purpose, 2792.
Ðanc, (imp.) give thanks to, 1320.
450, 485.
Twin, two, 4020.
Twin-manslagt, double homicide,
485.
Twinne, two, 2367, 3248.
Twinne-del, twofold, 1510.
Twired, perplexing, conflicting.
A.S. twy-rǽd, of two opinions,
differing.
Two, to, 1292.
Ða, then, 1901.
A.S. þa.
Ða = ðat, that, 2190.
Ðad = ðat, that, 311.
Ðan, Ðane, Ðanne, then, 9, 999,
1003, 2680;
than, 144;
when, 17, 182, 2072;
that time, 'bi ðan,' 'bi ðanne,'
1023, 3706;
'ear ðanne, or ðan,' 38, 2435;
'fro ðan,' 188, 3201;
'til ðan,' 471, 1870;
'to ðan,' 867;
'to ðan,' for that purpose, 2792.
Ðanc, (imp.) give thanks to, 1320.
Page 501
Ðarð, need, 3778.
Ðat, (dem. adj.) that, 1, 43, 54;
what, 2020, 2032.
Ðat-offe = ðar-offe, thereof, 2422.
Ðauen, permit, allow of, 3139.
A.S. þafian, to suffer, permit,
allow.
Ðe, (rel. pron.) which, who, 2, 269,
et passim.
Ðe = ðo, then, 1416.
Ðe = the, 778, et passim.
Ðear, there, 1090.
Ðeden, nations, peoples, 2302.
Ðeg, prospered, throve, 2012.
See Ðen.
Ðef = ðeg, property, quality, taste,
3340.
Ðef, thief, 1773.
Ðefis, thief's, 538.
Ðefte, theft, 3512.
Ðei, they, 573.
Ðelde = gelde, (subj.) requite, 1713.
Ðen, thrive, 803, 1550, 2645;
prosper, 4007.
Ðat, (dem. adj.) that, 1, 43, 54;
what, 2020, 2032.
Ðat-offe = ðar-offe, thereof, 2422.
Ðauen, permit, allow of, 3139.
A.S. þafian, to suffer, permit,
allow.
Ðe, (rel. pron.) which, who, 2, 269,
et passim.
Ðe = ðo, then, 1416.
Ðe = the, 778, et passim.
Ðear, there, 1090.
Ðeden, nations, peoples, 2302.
Ðeg, prospered, throve, 2012.
See Ðen.
Ðef = ðeg, property, quality, taste,
3340.
Ðef, thief, 1773.
Ðefis, thief's, 538.
Ðefte, theft, 3512.
Ðei, they, 573.
Ðelde = gelde, (subj.) requite, 1713.
Ðen, thrive, 803, 1550, 2645;
prosper, 4007.
Page 502
A.S. þeón, pret. þeáh, þáh, p.p.
geþogen, to thrive,
flourish, grow, increase.
Ðengen = ðenken, to think, 1571.
Ðenk, (imp.) think, 3563.
Ðhenke, (subj.) think, 2072.
Ðenken, Ðhenken, think, 393.
Ðer, Ðere, there, 337, 850.
Ðer-fore, therefore, 747.
Ðer-in, therein, 2068.
Ðer-of, thereof, 1659.
Ðer-on, thereon, 1778.
Ðes, this, 3967.
Ðes, Ðese, these, 941, 1643, 2199,
3697.
Ðeself, thyself, 934.
Ðeðen, thence, 65, 208, 725, 1236.
O.N. ðaðan.
Ðeuwe, custom, 1382.
A.S. þeáw, manner, habit,
behaviour.
Ðewe, courtesy, respect, 2757.
Ðewed, behaved, conducted, 1914.
geþogen, to thrive,
flourish, grow, increase.
Ðengen = ðenken, to think, 1571.
Ðenk, (imp.) think, 3563.
Ðhenke, (subj.) think, 2072.
Ðenken, Ðhenken, think, 393.
Ðer, Ðere, there, 337, 850.
Ðer-fore, therefore, 747.
Ðer-in, therein, 2068.
Ðer-of, thereof, 1659.
Ðer-on, thereon, 1778.
Ðes, this, 3967.
Ðes, Ðese, these, 941, 1643, 2199,
3697.
Ðeself, thyself, 934.
Ðeðen, thence, 65, 208, 725, 1236.
O.N. ðaðan.
Ðeuwe, custom, 1382.
A.S. þeáw, manner, habit,
behaviour.
Ðewe, courtesy, respect, 2757.
Ðewed, behaved, conducted, 1914.
Page 503
Ðewes, virtues, 4159.
Ðgere = gere, haste, 4052.
Ðhanc, thanks, 1659.
Ðhankede, thanked, 3405.
Ðhauen, to tolerate, endure, 275.
See Ðauen.
Ðheg, Ðehg, throve, 1266, 2779.
See Ðeg, Ðen.
Ðhenken, think, 393.
Ðhenkeð, thinks, 2028.
Ðherknesse, darkness, 3102.
Ðhikke, thick, 3102.
Ðhing, Ðhinge, Ðing, Ðinge, thing,
301;
things, 29, 52, 297, 300;
affairs, 3378.
Ðhinges, things, 280.
Ðhog, though, 3978.
Ðhogen, throve, increased, 1480,
2567.
See Ðen.
Ðholede, suffered, 778.
See Ðolede.
Ðhogt, mind, 2167;
anxiety, 2111;
Ðgere = gere, haste, 4052.
Ðhanc, thanks, 1659.
Ðhankede, thanked, 3405.
Ðhauen, to tolerate, endure, 275.
See Ðauen.
Ðheg, Ðehg, throve, 1266, 2779.
See Ðeg, Ðen.
Ðhenken, think, 393.
Ðhenkeð, thinks, 2028.
Ðherknesse, darkness, 3102.
Ðhikke, thick, 3102.
Ðhing, Ðhinge, Ðing, Ðinge, thing,
301;
things, 29, 52, 297, 300;
affairs, 3378.
Ðhinges, things, 280.
Ðhog, though, 3978.
Ðhogen, throve, increased, 1480,
2567.
See Ðen.
Ðholede, suffered, 778.
See Ðolede.
Ðhogt, mind, 2167;
anxiety, 2111;
Page 504
thought, 1149;
purpose, 1579.
Ðhogt, Ðhogte, Ðhugte, Ðhute,
Ðuhte, seemed, appeared,
407, 436, 438, 491, 1469,
1765, 1849, 2064, 3260.
A.S. þincan (pret. þúhte), to seem.
Ðhogte, (pret.) thought, 319.
Ðhowtes, thoughts, 3544.
Ðhre, thre, 55, 152, 563.
Ðhride, Ðhridde, third.
Ðhrowing, agony, suffering, 1317.
A.S. þrówung, from þrówian, to
suffer.
Ðhu, thou, 361, 362, 397.
Ðhunder, Ðhunerg = ðuner,
thunder, 1108, 2900.
A.S. þunor.
Ðhurg, Ðhurge, through, 588, 2192.
Ðhusant, Ðhusent, thousand, 489,
577, 654.
Ðider, Ðidir, thither, 1068, 1366,
1402, 1844.
Ðicke, thick, thickly, 2988.
Ðig = thick, 564.
Ðin, Ðine, thy, 397, 1764.
purpose, 1579.
Ðhogt, Ðhogte, Ðhugte, Ðhute,
Ðuhte, seemed, appeared,
407, 436, 438, 491, 1469,
1765, 1849, 2064, 3260.
A.S. þincan (pret. þúhte), to seem.
Ðhogte, (pret.) thought, 319.
Ðhowtes, thoughts, 3544.
Ðhre, thre, 55, 152, 563.
Ðhride, Ðhridde, third.
Ðhrowing, agony, suffering, 1317.
A.S. þrówung, from þrówian, to
suffer.
Ðhu, thou, 361, 362, 397.
Ðhunder, Ðhunerg = ðuner,
thunder, 1108, 2900.
A.S. þunor.
Ðhurg, Ðhurge, through, 588, 2192.
Ðhusant, Ðhusent, thousand, 489,
577, 654.
Ðider, Ðidir, thither, 1068, 1366,
1402, 1844.
Ðicke, thick, thickly, 2988.
Ðig = thick, 564.
Ðin, Ðine, thy, 397, 1764.
Page 505
Ðing, affairs, 3378.
Ðinken, to seem, appear, 234.
Ðinkeð, seemeth, 391, 2403.
See Ðhogt.
Ðis, Ðise, these, 1083, 2125, 2131,
2527.
Ðisternesse = cisternesse, pit, 1942.
Ðisternesse, darkness, 58.
A.S. þýstre, dark, þeosternes,
darkness.
Ðit = ðis, this, 1233.
Ðo, those, 305, 875, 2099.
A.S. þá.
Ðo, the, 1303, 2110.
Ðo, then, 424, 717.
A.S. þa.
Ðoa, then, 840.
Ðog, Ðoge, though, nevertheless, 4,
1794, 1928, 2404, 2908,
3807, 3808.
Ðogen, (pl.) throve, flourished,
2542.
Ðogt, thought, mind, 1558, 2013;
purpose, intention, 1072;
anxiety, 1433;
'kinde ðogt,' natural affection,
2254.
Ðinken, to seem, appear, 234.
Ðinkeð, seemeth, 391, 2403.
See Ðhogt.
Ðis, Ðise, these, 1083, 2125, 2131,
2527.
Ðisternesse = cisternesse, pit, 1942.
Ðisternesse, darkness, 58.
A.S. þýstre, dark, þeosternes,
darkness.
Ðit = ðis, this, 1233.
Ðo, those, 305, 875, 2099.
A.S. þá.
Ðo, the, 1303, 2110.
Ðo, then, 424, 717.
A.S. þa.
Ðoa, then, 840.
Ðog, Ðoge, though, nevertheless, 4,
1794, 1928, 2404, 2908,
3807, 3808.
Ðogen, (pl.) throve, flourished,
2542.
Ðogt, thought, mind, 1558, 2013;
purpose, intention, 1072;
anxiety, 1433;
'kinde ðogt,' natural affection,
2254.
Page 506
Ðogt, Ðogte, Ðoht, seemed, 948,
2015, 2298.
Ðogte, thought, 333, 1089.
Ðohgteful, anxious, 1437.
Ðole, forbearance, 3496.
Ðolede, suffered, 1180.
Ðolen, (inf.) suffer, 3664;
(imp.) 3457;
(pl.) 3445.
A.S. þólian, to suffer, bear,
endure.
Ðoo = þo, then, 3135.
Ðor, Ðore, there, 211, 222, 279,
2270;
where, 438, 757, 1520.
Ðor-agen, Ðor-gen, opposed
thereto, 2797, 3730.
Ðor-after, thereafter, 146.
Ðor-bi, thereby, 1458, 2106.
Ðor-buten, thereabout, 566, 3625.
Ðor-fore, therefore, 1215.
Ðor-fra, Ðor-fro, therefore, 112,
2880.
Ðor-in, Ðor-inne, therein, 42, 746,
1104, 3634.
2015, 2298.
Ðogte, thought, 333, 1089.
Ðohgteful, anxious, 1437.
Ðole, forbearance, 3496.
Ðolede, suffered, 1180.
Ðolen, (inf.) suffer, 3664;
(imp.) 3457;
(pl.) 3445.
A.S. þólian, to suffer, bear,
endure.
Ðoo = þo, then, 3135.
Ðor, Ðore, there, 211, 222, 279,
2270;
where, 438, 757, 1520.
Ðor-agen, Ðor-gen, opposed
thereto, 2797, 3730.
Ðor-after, thereafter, 146.
Ðor-bi, thereby, 1458, 2106.
Ðor-buten, thereabout, 566, 3625.
Ðor-fore, therefore, 1215.
Ðor-fra, Ðor-fro, therefore, 112,
2880.
Ðor-in, Ðor-inne, therein, 42, 746,
1104, 3634.
Page 507
Ðor-mide, therewith, 2656.
Ðor-mong, thereamong, 3265.
Ðor-of, thereof, 234, 329.
Ðor-offen, thereof, 2403.
Ðor-on, Ðor-one, Ðor-onne,
thereon, 196, 464, 1116,
3398.
Ðor-quiles, whilst, 574.
Ðore-to, besides, 589.
Ðor-til, besides, 2371.
Ðor-to, thereto, 3824.
Ðor-vnder, thereunder, 3184.
Ðor-uppe, thereup, 1609.
Ðor-vten, thereout, 3364.
Dor-wið, therewith, 379.
Ðornes, thorns, 1334.
Ðoð = ðoðer, the other, 2702.
Ðowgte, thought, 295.
Ðral, thrall, slave, 2881.
Ðraldom, slavery, bondage, 2322.
Ðralles, slave's, 971.
Ðralles, slaves, 3720.
Ðor-mong, thereamong, 3265.
Ðor-of, thereof, 234, 329.
Ðor-offen, thereof, 2403.
Ðor-on, Ðor-one, Ðor-onne,
thereon, 196, 464, 1116,
3398.
Ðor-quiles, whilst, 574.
Ðore-to, besides, 589.
Ðor-til, besides, 2371.
Ðor-to, thereto, 3824.
Ðor-vnder, thereunder, 3184.
Ðor-uppe, thereup, 1609.
Ðor-vten, thereout, 3364.
Dor-wið, therewith, 379.
Ðornes, thorns, 1334.
Ðoð = ðoðer, the other, 2702.
Ðowgte, thought, 295.
Ðral, thrall, slave, 2881.
Ðraldom, slavery, bondage, 2322.
Ðralles, slave's, 971.
Ðralles, slaves, 3720.
Page 508
Ðre, three, 647, 1006.
Ðreated, threatened, 4125.
Ðret, threat, 2021.
Ðrette, (pret.) threatened, 2023,
3729.
Ðridde, third, 761, 1301.
Ðrist = ðriste, (pret. pl.) thrust,
2110.
Ðrist, thirst, 977, 3354.
Ðrittiðe, thirtieth, 3311.
Ðrosing, chaos, 43.
A.S. þrósm, chaos, heap, smoke.
Ðrowede, suffered, 1180.
See Ðhrowing.
Ðu, thou, 363, 1084.
Ðugte, seemed, 1099.
Ðund = gund, over, above. See
Notes.
Ðurg, Ðhurg, through, 195, 377,
2192.
Ðurg-vt, throughout, 3704.
Ðurte, needed, 234.
A.S. þearfan, to need, behove
(pret. þorfte).
Ðreated, threatened, 4125.
Ðret, threat, 2021.
Ðrette, (pret.) threatened, 2023,
3729.
Ðridde, third, 761, 1301.
Ðrist = ðriste, (pret. pl.) thrust,
2110.
Ðrist, thirst, 977, 3354.
Ðrittiðe, thirtieth, 3311.
Ðrosing, chaos, 43.
A.S. þrósm, chaos, heap, smoke.
Ðrowede, suffered, 1180.
See Ðhrowing.
Ðu, thou, 363, 1084.
Ðugte, seemed, 1099.
Ðund = gund, over, above. See
Notes.
Ðurg, Ðhurg, through, 195, 377,
2192.
Ðurg-vt, throughout, 3704.
Ðurte, needed, 234.
A.S. þearfan, to need, behove
(pret. þorfte).
Page 509
Ðusent, Ðhusent, thousand, 527,
3412.
Ðusse, thus, 308.
Ðwert, obstinate, contrary, 3099.
Ðwerted, thwarted, 1324.
A.S. þweor, þwer, froward, cross,
thwart.
Vgging, fear, dread, 950, 2826.
O.N. ugga, to terrify.
See Hampole's P. of C., ll. 6419,
6683.
Uglike, ugly, horrible, 2805.
Vn-achteled, untold, 796.
A.S. æht, value, estimation. O.E.
ahtle, to estimate,
endeavour.
Vn-bente, unbent, 483.
Vnbiwen, unexpectedly, 3777.
See Wenen, Wen.
Un-bond, unbound, opened, 2223.
Vn-buxumhed, disobedience, 345;
helplessness, unlithesomeness,
rigidity, 346.
See Buxum.
Unc, us two, 1776.
A.S. unc.
3412.
Ðusse, thus, 308.
Ðwert, obstinate, contrary, 3099.
Ðwerted, thwarted, 1324.
A.S. þweor, þwer, froward, cross,
thwart.
Vgging, fear, dread, 950, 2826.
O.N. ugga, to terrify.
See Hampole's P. of C., ll. 6419,
6683.
Uglike, ugly, horrible, 2805.
Vn-achteled, untold, 796.
A.S. æht, value, estimation. O.E.
ahtle, to estimate,
endeavour.
Vn-bente, unbent, 483.
Vnbiwen, unexpectedly, 3777.
See Wenen, Wen.
Un-bond, unbound, opened, 2223.
Vn-buxumhed, disobedience, 345;
helplessness, unlithesomeness,
rigidity, 346.
See Buxum.
Unc, us two, 1776.
A.S. unc.
Page 510
Vncircumcis, uncircumcised, 2841.
Unclene, unclean, 1867.
Vndede, undid, opened, 581, 3971;
removed, 2955;
violated, 3014.
Under-don, subdue, 4041.
Under-feng, received, 480.
Under-fon, receive, 1679.
A.S. under-fón, to take (pret.
under-feng).
Vnder-gon, deceive, 1147;
take up, 1160.
Under-leiden, supported, 3388.
Under-let, under-lay, lay under,
3188.
A.S. lútan, to stoop, lie at the
bottom (pret. leát).
Under-nam, perceived, 1553;
questioned, 2728.
A.S. under-niman, to
comprehend, take.
Vnder-numen, taken unawares,
surprised, 2135, 3221.
Vnder-stod, bore, 1467;
accepted, received, 2275, 2393,
3434;
understood, 2210.
Unclene, unclean, 1867.
Vndede, undid, opened, 581, 3971;
removed, 2955;
violated, 3014.
Under-don, subdue, 4041.
Under-feng, received, 480.
Under-fon, receive, 1679.
A.S. under-fón, to take (pret.
under-feng).
Vnder-gon, deceive, 1147;
take up, 1160.
Under-leiden, supported, 3388.
Under-let, under-lay, lay under,
3188.
A.S. lútan, to stoop, lie at the
bottom (pret. leát).
Under-nam, perceived, 1553;
questioned, 2728.
A.S. under-niman, to
comprehend, take.
Vnder-numen, taken unawares,
surprised, 2135, 3221.
Vnder-stod, bore, 1467;
accepted, received, 2275, 2393,
3434;
understood, 2210.
Page 511
Vn-don, undone, opened, 385, 603;
removed, 3902.
Vn-don, to explain, 2114.
Vndren = undern, the time
extending from nine to
twelve in the morning,
2269.
A.S. undern.
Vn-drincled, undrowned, 3280.
O.E. drinkle, to drown.
"Alle drenkled thorgh folie."
—(Robt. of Brunne, p. 241.)
[Vn]eðe, uneasy, disturbed, 3924.
Vn-ended, everlasting, 3518.
Un-eðes, with difficulty, scarcely,
2341.
A.S. uneáðe.
Unfer, diseased, 2810.
See Fer.
Un-frame, disadvantage, 1566;
sorrow, 3037.
A.S. unfreme.
Un-framen, be hurtful, 1213.
V[n-]frigt, fearless, bold, 3713.
Vnghere = ungare, unexpectedly,
3047.
A.S. un-gearu, un-prepared,
sudden.
removed, 3902.
Vn-don, to explain, 2114.
Vndren = undern, the time
extending from nine to
twelve in the morning,
2269.
A.S. undern.
Vn-drincled, undrowned, 3280.
O.E. drinkle, to drown.
"Alle drenkled thorgh folie."
—(Robt. of Brunne, p. 241.)
[Vn]eðe, uneasy, disturbed, 3924.
Vn-ended, everlasting, 3518.
Un-eðes, with difficulty, scarcely,
2341.
A.S. uneáðe.
Unfer, diseased, 2810.
See Fer.
Un-frame, disadvantage, 1566;
sorrow, 3037.
A.S. unfreme.
Un-framen, be hurtful, 1213.
V[n-]frigt, fearless, bold, 3713.
Vnghere = ungare, unexpectedly,
3047.
A.S. un-gearu, un-prepared,
sudden.
Page 512
Vn-hileden, uncovered, 2976.
Vn-hillen, disclose, 1912.
A.S. unhélan, to unhele, reveal,
uncover.
Unkinde, unnatural, 449, 1113;
foreign, 2302.
[Vn-]lage, wrong, 1762.
A.S. unlagu, wrong, injustice.
Vn-lif, displeasing, 206.
Vn-lif, unleavened, 3153.
Vn-like, unlike, 1726.
Un-mad, unfinished, 671.
Vn-miðe, anger, 3973, from O.E.
miðe, quiet.
A.S. myðgian, to sooth, quiet. Vn-
miðe may signify truth,
from A.S. míðan, to hide,
dissemble.
Un-red, sin, 1906.
A.S. unrǽd.
Vn-reken, slow, unready, 2817.
See Reken.
Un-rigt, wrong, 1276.
Vn-rigt-wis, unrighteous, 2014.
Vn-seli, wicked, wretched, 1073,
2315.
A.S. unsǽlig.
Vn-hillen, disclose, 1912.
A.S. unhélan, to unhele, reveal,
uncover.
Unkinde, unnatural, 449, 1113;
foreign, 2302.
[Vn-]lage, wrong, 1762.
A.S. unlagu, wrong, injustice.
Vn-lif, displeasing, 206.
Vn-lif, unleavened, 3153.
Vn-like, unlike, 1726.
Un-mad, unfinished, 671.
Vn-miðe, anger, 3973, from O.E.
miðe, quiet.
A.S. myðgian, to sooth, quiet. Vn-
miðe may signify truth,
from A.S. míðan, to hide,
dissemble.
Un-red, sin, 1906.
A.S. unrǽd.
Vn-reken, slow, unready, 2817.
See Reken.
Un-rigt, wrong, 1276.
Vn-rigt-wis, unrighteous, 2014.
Vn-seli, wicked, wretched, 1073,
2315.
A.S. unsǽlig.
Page 513
Vn-selðehe, Vn-selðe, misfortune,
misery, 2316, 3026.
A.S. unsǽlð.
Vnsene, unseen, secret, 2878.
Vn-skil, wrong, 3506.
See Skil.
Un-slagen, unslain, 1332.
Unspered, undid, spoilt, 25.
See Sperd.
Vnsteken, disclose, 2828.
See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v.
Steke.
Vn-swac, displeasing, offensive,
1212.
Un-timing, misfortune, 1180.
Untuderi, barren, 964.
See Tudered.
Vn-ðewed, foul, 2555.
See Ðeuwe.
Unwarde, Un-warnede, unwarned,
unawares, 480, 2682.
Vn-welde, unwieldy, 347.
See Welden.
Vnweder, storm, 3058.
A.S. unweder.
Vp, upon, 2320.
misery, 2316, 3026.
A.S. unsǽlð.
Vnsene, unseen, secret, 2878.
Vn-skil, wrong, 3506.
See Skil.
Un-slagen, unslain, 1332.
Unspered, undid, spoilt, 25.
See Sperd.
Vnsteken, disclose, 2828.
See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v.
Steke.
Vn-swac, displeasing, offensive,
1212.
Un-timing, misfortune, 1180.
Untuderi, barren, 964.
See Tudered.
Vn-ðewed, foul, 2555.
See Ðeuwe.
Unwarde, Un-warnede, unwarned,
unawares, 480, 2682.
Vn-welde, unwieldy, 347.
See Welden.
Vnweder, storm, 3058.
A.S. unweder.
Vp, upon, 2320.
Page 514
Up-dragen, carried off, 1858.
Up-gon, (pl.) ascend, 1608.
Up-rekeð, up-reeks, 3465.
Up-rigt, upright, 3248.
Up-sprungen, up-sprung, grown up,
3050.
Up-stod, up-stood, 3247.
Up-wakeð, rouses up, awakes,
3466.
Up-wond, up-winded, up-went,
3084.
Vr, Ur, Vre, Ure, our, of us, 2172,
2261, 2262.
Ut, Vte, out, 13, 227, 362, 607,
3703.
Ut-comen, (pl.) out-came, 2097.
Vt-dragen, out-drawn, opened,
2856.
Ut-drog, out-drew, 1327.
Vten, foreign, strange, 1741;
out of, 956, 2406, 2410;
without, 653, 2739, 3744;
apart, 3691.
Vt-fare, out-go, 2865.
Ut-faren, depart, 3056.
Up-gon, (pl.) ascend, 1608.
Up-rekeð, up-reeks, 3465.
Up-rigt, upright, 3248.
Up-sprungen, up-sprung, grown up,
3050.
Up-stod, up-stood, 3247.
Up-wakeð, rouses up, awakes,
3466.
Up-wond, up-winded, up-went,
3084.
Vr, Ur, Vre, Ure, our, of us, 2172,
2261, 2262.
Ut, Vte, out, 13, 227, 362, 607,
3703.
Ut-comen, (pl.) out-came, 2097.
Vt-dragen, out-drawn, opened,
2856.
Ut-drog, out-drew, 1327.
Vten, foreign, strange, 1741;
out of, 956, 2406, 2410;
without, 653, 2739, 3744;
apart, 3691.
Vt-fare, out-go, 2865.
Ut-faren, depart, 3056.
Page 515
Vt-gon, depart, out-go, 2966, 3021.
Ut-gong, out-go, 2800.
Ut-lage, outlaw, 431.
Vt-pharen = vt-faren, depart, 3017,
3071.
Ut-sped, hurried away, 3178.
Vt-stal, stole out, 2882.
Ut-suuen, out-shoved, aroused,
1610.
Ut-ten, go forth, 4004.
Ut-ðhurg, throughout, 2688.
Vt-wrogte, brought on, caused,
4144.
Uuer-slagen, lintel, 3155.
A.S. oferslæge.
Wac, weak, 1197, 1528.
A.S. wác, waac, weak, frail.
Waden, to ford, 1799.
Waines, wains, waggons, 2362.
Waked, aroused, stirred up, 360.
A.S. wacan, to awake, take origin.
Waked, (pret.) kept a vigil or liche-
wake, 2469;
(p.p.) 2516.
Ut-gong, out-go, 2800.
Ut-lage, outlaw, 431.
Vt-pharen = vt-faren, depart, 3017,
3071.
Ut-sped, hurried away, 3178.
Vt-stal, stole out, 2882.
Ut-suuen, out-shoved, aroused,
1610.
Ut-ten, go forth, 4004.
Ut-ðhurg, throughout, 2688.
Vt-wrogte, brought on, caused,
4144.
Uuer-slagen, lintel, 3155.
A.S. oferslæge.
Wac, weak, 1197, 1528.
A.S. wác, waac, weak, frail.
Waden, to ford, 1799.
Waines, wains, waggons, 2362.
Waked, aroused, stirred up, 360.
A.S. wacan, to awake, take origin.
Waked, (pret.) kept a vigil or liche-
wake, 2469;
(p.p.) 2516.
Page 516
Waken, to keep a vigil or liche-
wake, 2449.
A.S. wæccan, to watch.
Waken, to watch, 2551.
Wal, Wale, choice, select, 888,
3635.
Ger. wählen, to choose, select.
O.N. wal, choice.
Wale, prosperity, 809, 1355.
A.S. wæla, weal, bliss.
Walkeden, 'aren walkeden,' have
walked, 3882.
Walkeden is evidently an error for
walked.
Walkene, Walkne, welkin, clouds,
96, 103, 136, 161.
A.S. wolcen, a cloud, air, welkin;
wealcan, to roll, turn.
Walknes, welkin's, 288.
Walled, Wallede, enclosed with a
wall, 435, 2554.
Wan, Wane, when, 642, 4130.
Wane, wanting, 1028, 3353.
A.S. wana, want, lack.
Wanmol, uneloquent, 2817 (from
wan = un, and mol, mal,
speech).
See Moal.
wake, 2449.
A.S. wæccan, to watch.
Waken, to watch, 2551.
Wal, Wale, choice, select, 888,
3635.
Ger. wählen, to choose, select.
O.N. wal, choice.
Wale, prosperity, 809, 1355.
A.S. wæla, weal, bliss.
Walkeden, 'aren walkeden,' have
walked, 3882.
Walkeden is evidently an error for
walked.
Walkene, Walkne, welkin, clouds,
96, 103, 136, 161.
A.S. wolcen, a cloud, air, welkin;
wealcan, to roll, turn.
Walknes, welkin's, 288.
Walled, Wallede, enclosed with a
wall, 435, 2554.
Wan, Wane, when, 642, 4130.
Wane, wanting, 1028, 3353.
A.S. wana, want, lack.
Wanmol, uneloquent, 2817 (from
wan = un, and mol, mal,
speech).
See Moal.
Page 517
Wansum, sorrowful, 1099.
A.S. wannan, to be wan, pale.
Wante, should be wanting, 2244.
Wantede, wanted, failed, 1233,
2155, 2995, 3310.
Wapman, man, male, 1001.
A.S. wǽpman, a man, from wǽpn,
a weapon.
Wapmen, men, 536, 2920, 3078,
3080.
War, aware, 721, 1308.
A.S. wǽr, wary, prepared, ready.
Warc = warg, defended, 2876.
Ware, merchandise, 1990;
property.
A.S. warú, ware, merchandise.
Waren, to make secure, 1088;
to provide for, 2154.
A.S. wárian, to beware, to guard,
ward off.
Waried, cursed, 544.
A.S. werigan, to curse.
Warnede, warned, 1091.
Warnen, to warn, 1581.
Warp, (pret. of werpen) threw,
2640, 2804.
Wassen, to wash, 1116, 2291, 2442.
A.S. wannan, to be wan, pale.
Wante, should be wanting, 2244.
Wantede, wanted, failed, 1233,
2155, 2995, 3310.
Wapman, man, male, 1001.
A.S. wǽpman, a man, from wǽpn,
a weapon.
Wapmen, men, 536, 2920, 3078,
3080.
War, aware, 721, 1308.
A.S. wǽr, wary, prepared, ready.
Warc = warg, defended, 2876.
Ware, merchandise, 1990;
property.
A.S. warú, ware, merchandise.
Waren, to make secure, 1088;
to provide for, 2154.
A.S. wárian, to beware, to guard,
ward off.
Waried, cursed, 544.
A.S. werigan, to curse.
Warnede, warned, 1091.
Warnen, to warn, 1581.
Warp, (pret. of werpen) threw,
2640, 2804.
Wassen, to wash, 1116, 2291, 2442.
Page 518
Waspene = wasteme, form, 1910.
A.S. wǽstm, growth, form.
Water, lake, 749, 1125.
Wateres, water's, 638.
Wateres, waters, 592, 2594.
Wateres-springe, water-spring, 581.
Water-gong, passage of water, 662.
Watres, water's, 598, 1246, 1380.
Watres, waters, 108, 117.
Wattre, Wattren, to water, 1648,
2745.
Wattrede, watered, 2751.
Wað = quað, spake, 1666.
Waxen, grow, increase, 1128, 2548.
Waxen, (p.p.) increased, 831;
full-grown, 2060.
Wech-dede, watch-deed, vigil,
2460.
Weches, vigil's, 2467.
Wedde, hostage, pledge, 2198.
A.S. wed, pledge (dat. wedde).
Wedden, to marry, 1090.
Wedding, marriage, 1428.
A.S. wǽstm, growth, form.
Water, lake, 749, 1125.
Wateres, water's, 638.
Wateres, waters, 592, 2594.
Wateres-springe, water-spring, 581.
Water-gong, passage of water, 662.
Watres, water's, 598, 1246, 1380.
Watres, waters, 108, 117.
Wattre, Wattren, to water, 1648,
2745.
Wattrede, watered, 2751.
Wað = quað, spake, 1666.
Waxen, grow, increase, 1128, 2548.
Waxen, (p.p.) increased, 831;
full-grown, 2060.
Wech-dede, watch-deed, vigil,
2460.
Weches, vigil's, 2467.
Wedde, hostage, pledge, 2198.
A.S. wed, pledge (dat. wedde).
Wedden, to marry, 1090.
Wedding, marriage, 1428.
Page 519
Wede, garment, 1972.
A.S. wǽd, a garment.
Weden, garments, 2369.
Weder, weather, storm, 3055, 3059.
Wei, Weie, way, 1100, 1228, 1429,
1435.
Weige, way, 1614, 2681.
A.S. weg.
Weiges, ways, 3240, 3244.
Weila-wei, alas! 2088.
Weis, washed, 2289.
Weken = wreken, taken, 3282.
Wel, well, 229, 1521, 1541.
Welcume, welcome, 1830.
Welcumede, welcomed, 1396.
Welden, to rule, 2143;
take, enjoy, 916;
possess, 3738.
A.S. wealdan, to rule, direct,
possess.
Welden, (pl.) rule, 50, 3418.
Weldeð, influences, 274.
Weledes = welðes, wealth's, 748.
Weli, blissfully, prosperously, 2528.
A.S. wǽd, a garment.
Weden, garments, 2369.
Weder, weather, storm, 3055, 3059.
Wei, Weie, way, 1100, 1228, 1429,
1435.
Weige, way, 1614, 2681.
A.S. weg.
Weiges, ways, 3240, 3244.
Weila-wei, alas! 2088.
Weis, washed, 2289.
Weken = wreken, taken, 3282.
Wel, well, 229, 1521, 1541.
Welcume, welcome, 1830.
Welcumede, welcomed, 1396.
Welden, to rule, 2143;
take, enjoy, 916;
possess, 3738.
A.S. wealdan, to rule, direct,
possess.
Welden, (pl.) rule, 50, 3418.
Weldeð, influences, 274.
Weledes = welðes, wealth's, 748.
Weli, blissfully, prosperously, 2528.
Page 520
A.S. welig, rich, bountiful.
Welkede, withered, 2107.
A.S. wealwian; Ger. welken, to
fade.
Welken, (pl.) elapsed, 568.
A.S. wealcan, to revolve (pret.
weolc).
Welle, well, 2756.
Welles, wells, 3306.
Welle-spring, well-spring, 1243.
Welle-springes, well-springs, 3304.
Welt, exercises, 54.
See Welden.
Welte, ruled, 3371.
Welten, (pl.) wielded, 532;
ruled over, governed, 840.
Welðe, Welðhe, wealth, 796, 1268,
1355, 1404, 1550, 2374.
Welðes ware, wealth, property, 929.
Cf. Spices-ware, etc.
Wen, belief, 73;
doubt, 3271.
A.S. wén, hope, weening.
Wen = wenen, believe, 3809.
A.S. wénan, to ween, think.
Wend, (imp.) turn, 3510.
Welkede, withered, 2107.
A.S. wealwian; Ger. welken, to
fade.
Welken, (pl.) elapsed, 568.
A.S. wealcan, to revolve (pret.
weolc).
Welle, well, 2756.
Welles, wells, 3306.
Welle-spring, well-spring, 1243.
Welle-springes, well-springs, 3304.
Welt, exercises, 54.
See Welden.
Welte, ruled, 3371.
Welten, (pl.) wielded, 532;
ruled over, governed, 840.
Welðe, Welðhe, wealth, 796, 1268,
1355, 1404, 1550, 2374.
Welðes ware, wealth, property, 929.
Cf. Spices-ware, etc.
Wen, belief, 73;
doubt, 3271.
A.S. wén, hope, weening.
Wen = wenen, believe, 3809.
A.S. wénan, to ween, think.
Wend, (imp.) turn, 3510.
Page 521
Wende = weened, thought, 477,
1240, 1543, 2209.
Wende we, let us turn, 3267.
Wended, — agon, turned back,
1904.
Wenden, (pl.) weened, thought,
believed, 869, 1141, 3258.
Wenden, (inf.) turn, 693, 884, 4057,
4061.
A.S. wendan, turn, change.
Wenden-agen, return, 979, 1159,
3719, 3724.
A.S. wendan (pret. wende), to
turn, proceed, go.
Wene, think, ween, 309, 315, 317,
3572.
Wenen, (pl.) think, 3812.
A.S. wénan.
Went, course, 136.
A.S. wend, a turn.
Went, (p.p.) changed, 753;
gone, 1429, 2201;
turned, 2896.
Wente, turned, 321, 606, 1120,
3950, 3951;
removed, 1649;
took away, snatched, 2613;
went, 1107.
1240, 1543, 2209.
Wende we, let us turn, 3267.
Wended, — agon, turned back,
1904.
Wenden, (pl.) weened, thought,
believed, 869, 1141, 3258.
Wenden, (inf.) turn, 693, 884, 4057,
4061.
A.S. wendan, turn, change.
Wenden-agen, return, 979, 1159,
3719, 3724.
A.S. wendan (pret. wende), to
turn, proceed, go.
Wene, think, ween, 309, 315, 317,
3572.
Wenen, (pl.) think, 3812.
A.S. wénan.
Went, course, 136.
A.S. wend, a turn.
Went, (p.p.) changed, 753;
gone, 1429, 2201;
turned, 2896.
Wente, turned, 321, 606, 1120,
3950, 3951;
removed, 1649;
took away, snatched, 2613;
went, 1107.
Page 522
Wente agen, returned, 606, 985,
1048, 1343, 1356;
(subj.) should return, 1097.
Wente agon, turned back, 1119.
Wenten, (pl.) went, 533, 623;
turned, changed, 1149, 1967;
returned, 2200.
Wep, weeping, 2328, 3888.
A.S. wóp.
Wep, wept, 4149.
A.S. wépan, to weep (pret. weóp;
p.p. wépen).
Wepen, weapon, 3283.
A.S. wǽpen.
Weph, web, 4096.
Werchen, to work, 3220.
Werdes = werldes, world's, 32.
Were, protector, 2680.
See Weren.
Were, man, 3977;
husband, 1587.
A.S. wer.
Were, war, 1788.
Wereden, saved, protected, 2578.
See Weren.
Weren, were, 377, 570, 1468.
1048, 1343, 1356;
(subj.) should return, 1097.
Wente agon, turned back, 1119.
Wenten, (pl.) went, 533, 623;
turned, changed, 1149, 1967;
returned, 2200.
Wep, weeping, 2328, 3888.
A.S. wóp.
Wep, wept, 4149.
A.S. wépan, to weep (pret. weóp;
p.p. wépen).
Wepen, weapon, 3283.
A.S. wǽpen.
Weph, web, 4096.
Werchen, to work, 3220.
Werdes = werldes, world's, 32.
Were, protector, 2680.
See Weren.
Were, man, 3977;
husband, 1587.
A.S. wer.
Were, war, 1788.
Wereden, saved, protected, 2578.
See Weren.
Weren, were, 377, 570, 1468.
Page 523
Weren, annoy, 2898.
A.S. wérian, to weary.
Weren, defend, protect, 851, 1272,
1794, 1817, 2083, 2090,
2564, 3714;
spare, 1043.
A.S. werian, protect, hinder.
Weres, man's, 532.
Werger, defender, guardian, 926.
A.S. wergan, to defend.
Weri, weary, 975, 1493.
Werk = wrek, plague, 3902.
See Wrake, Wrech.
Werken = wreken, to take
vengeance, 2799.
See Wrake, Wrech.
Werken, (pl.) work, 850.
Werld, Werlde, world, 38, 42, 60.
Werlde, world's, 1318.
Werldes, world's, 48, 102, 142, 707,
1594, 2440.
Werlðe, world, 901.
Werne, deny, 2797.
A.S. wyrnan, to deny, forbid.
Werned, (p.p.) refused, 3171.
Wernede, forbad, 2966, 3000.
A.S. wérian, to weary.
Weren, defend, protect, 851, 1272,
1794, 1817, 2083, 2090,
2564, 3714;
spare, 1043.
A.S. werian, protect, hinder.
Weres, man's, 532.
Werger, defender, guardian, 926.
A.S. wergan, to defend.
Weri, weary, 975, 1493.
Werk = wrek, plague, 3902.
See Wrake, Wrech.
Werken = wreken, to take
vengeance, 2799.
See Wrake, Wrech.
Werken, (pl.) work, 850.
Werld, Werlde, world, 38, 42, 60.
Werlde, world's, 1318.
Werldes, world's, 48, 102, 142, 707,
1594, 2440.
Werlðe, world, 901.
Werne, deny, 2797.
A.S. wyrnan, to deny, forbid.
Werned, (p.p.) refused, 3171.
Wernede, forbad, 2966, 3000.
Page 524
Werneden, (pl.) denied, refused,
2207.
Werp, (imp.) throw, cast, 2803.
Werpen, to throw, cast, 3358, 3794.
A.S. weorpan, to throw, cast (pret.
wearp; p.p. worpen).
Werre, worse, 3951.
Werren, were, 1089.
Westen, west, 3096.
Westen, (pl.) wasted, 3915.
Weðer, wether, 3998.
Wex, increased, grew, 273, 584,
585, 1118, 1266.
See Waxen.
Wex = wexe, (pl.) grew, 1917.
Wexe, should increase, 554.
Wexen, (pl.) grew higher, 599;
increased, grew, 2104, 2502,
2542.
Wexem, for wexen, grew, increased,
1915.
Wi, war, 1854, 3220.
A.S. wig, wih, war.
Wiches, wizards, magicians, 2919,
2927.
2207.
Werp, (imp.) throw, cast, 2803.
Werpen, to throw, cast, 3358, 3794.
A.S. weorpan, to throw, cast (pret.
wearp; p.p. worpen).
Werre, worse, 3951.
Werren, were, 1089.
Westen, west, 3096.
Westen, (pl.) wasted, 3915.
Weðer, wether, 3998.
Wex, increased, grew, 273, 584,
585, 1118, 1266.
See Waxen.
Wex = wexe, (pl.) grew, 1917.
Wexe, should increase, 554.
Wexen, (pl.) grew higher, 599;
increased, grew, 2104, 2502,
2542.
Wexem, for wexen, grew, increased,
1915.
Wi, war, 1854, 3220.
A.S. wig, wih, war.
Wiches, wizards, magicians, 2919,
2927.
Page 525
Wicke, wicked, 1072, 3952.
Wid, an error for wið, with, 79, 86,
128, 168, 928.
Wid, (adj.) wide, 60, 565;
(adv.) 1256.
Wid-held, Wið-held, withheld, 914,
3019.
Wid-hin, Wid-innen, = wið-in, wið-
innen, within, 555, 640,
1352.
Wide, widely, 672, 831.
Wif, wife, 231, 367.
Wifes, wife's, 530.
Wifes, Wifwes, wives, 453, 559,
624, 857.
Wif-kinnes, woman-kind, 1177.
Wifuede, wived, married, 1588.
Wigt, brave, 863.
Sw. vig.
Wigte, war (?), or sharpness (?),
469.
Wigte, weight, 439.
A.S. wiht.
Wikke, wicked, 3574.
Wil, (sb.) will, 194.
Wid, an error for wið, with, 79, 86,
128, 168, 928.
Wid, (adj.) wide, 60, 565;
(adv.) 1256.
Wid-held, Wið-held, withheld, 914,
3019.
Wid-hin, Wid-innen, = wið-in, wið-
innen, within, 555, 640,
1352.
Wide, widely, 672, 831.
Wif, wife, 231, 367.
Wifes, wife's, 530.
Wifes, Wifwes, wives, 453, 559,
624, 857.
Wif-kinnes, woman-kind, 1177.
Wifuede, wived, married, 1588.
Wigt, brave, 863.
Sw. vig.
Wigte, war (?), or sharpness (?),
469.
Wigte, weight, 439.
A.S. wiht.
Wikke, wicked, 3574.
Wil, (sb.) will, 194.
Page 526
Wil, homeless, astray, 975.
See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v.
Wyl.
Wil, blindness, 1079.
Wilde, lascivious, 2013;
wild, 169, 178.
Wile, while, 371.
Wile, (vb.) will, 191, 277, 1318.
A.S. willan.
Wile, desires, likes, 206, 2020.
A.S. willan.
Wilen, (pl.) will, 2304, 2531, 3723.
Wimman, woman, 374, 375.
A.S. wífman, wimman.
Wimmanes, woman's, 1426.
Wimmen, women, 532, 653, 2570.
Win, wine, 2295.
Win, strife, 347, 4055;
force, 598.
A.S. win, contention.
Winden, to enshroud, 2448.
Windoge, window, 602.
Wines, wine's, 894, 1542.
Win-grape, bunch of grapes, 3710.
See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v.
Wyl.
Wil, blindness, 1079.
Wilde, lascivious, 2013;
wild, 169, 178.
Wile, while, 371.
Wile, (vb.) will, 191, 277, 1318.
A.S. willan.
Wile, desires, likes, 206, 2020.
A.S. willan.
Wilen, (pl.) will, 2304, 2531, 3723.
Wimman, woman, 374, 375.
A.S. wífman, wimman.
Wimmanes, woman's, 1426.
Wimmen, women, 532, 653, 2570.
Win, wine, 2295.
Win, strife, 347, 4055;
force, 598.
A.S. win, contention.
Winden, to enshroud, 2448.
Windoge, window, 602.
Wines, wine's, 894, 1542.
Win-grape, bunch of grapes, 3710.
Page 527
Winter, (pl.) years, 567, 919.
Win-tre, vine, 2059.
A.S. wín-treow.
Wintres, winters, years, 1211.
Wird, Wirð, troop, host, 1786,
1790, 4140.
A.S. werod, host, army.
Wirm, Wirme, reptile, 178;
serpent, 321, 2925, 3898.
A.S. wyrm.
Wirmede, bred worms, 3342.
Wirmes, reptiles, 2982.
Wis, wise, 100, 260, 462, 617.
Wisdam, wisdom, 35.
Wise, (pl.) wise, 331.
Wise, manner, 2961.
Wislike, wisely, 45, 1091;
with wisdom, 520;
properly, 3630.
Wisseð, teacheth, showeth, 2.
A.S. wissian, to instruct, show.
Wiste, knew, 779, 901, 961, 962,
1154, 1310.
See Wot.
Wisten, (pl.) knew, 768, 2217,
3841.
Win-tre, vine, 2059.
A.S. wín-treow.
Wintres, winters, years, 1211.
Wird, Wirð, troop, host, 1786,
1790, 4140.
A.S. werod, host, army.
Wirm, Wirme, reptile, 178;
serpent, 321, 2925, 3898.
A.S. wyrm.
Wirmede, bred worms, 3342.
Wirmes, reptiles, 2982.
Wis, wise, 100, 260, 462, 617.
Wisdam, wisdom, 35.
Wise, (pl.) wise, 331.
Wise, manner, 2961.
Wislike, wisely, 45, 1091;
with wisdom, 520;
properly, 3630.
Wisseð, teacheth, showeth, 2.
A.S. wissian, to instruct, show.
Wiste, knew, 779, 901, 961, 962,
1154, 1310.
See Wot.
Wisten, (pl.) knew, 768, 2217,
3841.
Page 528
Wisten, wished, 801, 1060.
Wistom, wisdom, 462.
Wit, we two, 1775.
A.S. wit.
Wit, wisdom, 460, 900.
A.S. wit.
Wit, with, 44, 52, 53.
Wite, (pl.) learn, know, 390.
Wite, (sb.) blame, 2035.
A.S. wítan, to blame.
Witen, to know, 328, 1302;
to learn, 2651, 3928.
See Wot.
Witen, (pl.) know, 74, 523.
Witent = witen, to know, 330.
Witnesse, Wittenesse, witness, 507,
1778, 3843.
Witter, Wittere, wise, skilful, 168,
456, 1910, 2330, 3624;
true, 2903;
cognisant, 1308.
Witter-hed, wisdom, 3667.
Witterlike, surely, truly, indeed,
769, 791, 1322, 2320, 2425.
Da. viterlig, known, manifest.
Wið, of, 432;
Wistom, wisdom, 462.
Wit, we two, 1775.
A.S. wit.
Wit, wisdom, 460, 900.
A.S. wit.
Wit, with, 44, 52, 53.
Wite, (pl.) learn, know, 390.
Wite, (sb.) blame, 2035.
A.S. wítan, to blame.
Witen, to know, 328, 1302;
to learn, 2651, 3928.
See Wot.
Witen, (pl.) know, 74, 523.
Witent = witen, to know, 330.
Witnesse, Wittenesse, witness, 507,
1778, 3843.
Witter, Wittere, wise, skilful, 168,
456, 1910, 2330, 3624;
true, 2903;
cognisant, 1308.
Witter-hed, wisdom, 3667.
Witterlike, surely, truly, indeed,
769, 791, 1322, 2320, 2425.
Da. viterlig, known, manifest.
Wið, of, 432;
Page 529
in, 1083, 1668, 1915.
Wið-dragen, with-drawn, 596,
3983.
Wið-drog, with-drew, 599, 3803.
Wið-[h]eld, Wið-held, Wið-helð,
withheld, 1178, 2033, 3927.
Wiðer, hostile, 3386.
A.S. wiðerian, to oppose.
Wiðer-ward, contrary, hostile, 2935.
A.S. wiðer-weard, contrary,
rebellious.
Wið-stod, opposed, 2649;
stood still, tarried, 3646.
Wið-ðan, with that, thereupon, 481,
1409.
Wið-ðan-ðat, Wið-ðhan-ðat,
provided that, 2019, 2335.
Wið-uten, Wið-vten, Wið-ðuten,
except, 557, 611, 875, 910,
3739;
without, 503, 639, 1317, 2454;
outside, 1080, 1367.
A.S. wið-útan (adv.), wið-útan
(prep.), without.
Wiue, wife, 2008, 2147.
Wiues, wife's, 1219.
Wið-dragen, with-drawn, 596,
3983.
Wið-drog, with-drew, 599, 3803.
Wið-[h]eld, Wið-held, Wið-helð,
withheld, 1178, 2033, 3927.
Wiðer, hostile, 3386.
A.S. wiðerian, to oppose.
Wiðer-ward, contrary, hostile, 2935.
A.S. wiðer-weard, contrary,
rebellious.
Wið-stod, opposed, 2649;
stood still, tarried, 3646.
Wið-ðan, with that, thereupon, 481,
1409.
Wið-ðan-ðat, Wið-ðhan-ðat,
provided that, 2019, 2335.
Wið-uten, Wið-vten, Wið-ðuten,
except, 557, 611, 875, 910,
3739;
without, 503, 639, 1317, 2454;
outside, 1080, 1367.
A.S. wið-útan (adv.), wið-útan
(prep.), without.
Wiue, wife, 2008, 2147.
Wiues, wife's, 1219.
Page 530
Wiues, Wiwes, wives, 543, 1858,
2363;
wife's, 994, 2037.
Wlath, bad, loathsome, 3300.
A.S. wlætian, to nauseate, loath;
wlath I take to be an error for
wlach, A.S. wlæc, warm,
slack.
Wlite, Wliten, face, 2288, 2289,
2342, 3614, 4055.
A.S. wlíte, form, person,
countenance.
Wo, Woa, woe, sorrow, grief, 216,
237, 353, 880;
sorry, 1833.
A.S. wá, waa.
Woc, Wooc, weak, 1874.
See Wac.
Woc, awoke, 2111.
Wod, mad, foolish, 1073, 2959,
3545.
A.S. wód, mad, insane.
Wod-hed, Woded, madness, 533,
3539.
Wol, very, 1266, 1995.
Wold, power, 1958, 2000.
A.S. wald, power.
Wold, meaning, 2122.
It literally signifies power.
2363;
wife's, 994, 2037.
Wlath, bad, loathsome, 3300.
A.S. wlætian, to nauseate, loath;
wlath I take to be an error for
wlach, A.S. wlæc, warm,
slack.
Wlite, Wliten, face, 2288, 2289,
2342, 3614, 4055.
A.S. wlíte, form, person,
countenance.
Wo, Woa, woe, sorrow, grief, 216,
237, 353, 880;
sorry, 1833.
A.S. wá, waa.
Woc, Wooc, weak, 1874.
See Wac.
Woc, awoke, 2111.
Wod, mad, foolish, 1073, 2959,
3545.
A.S. wód, mad, insane.
Wod-hed, Woded, madness, 533,
3539.
Wol, very, 1266, 1995.
Wold, power, 1958, 2000.
A.S. wald, power.
Wold, meaning, 2122.
It literally signifies power.
Page 531
Wold, hill, 938, 3892.
A.S. wald, weald.
Wold, ruler, 3412.
A.S. walda.
Wold, sacrifice, 3116.
Wold, Wolde, would, 912, 1418,
1419.
Wold, (1) killed, slain, 420;
destroyed, 526 (?), or (2)
flooded (?).
(1) A.S. cwelian, to kill. (2) A.S.
weallan, to flow.
Wolden, (pl.) would, 3756.
Wond, wand, 2715, 2803, 2808.
Du. vaand, a switch.
Wond, went up, 3782, 4136.
A.S. windan, to move or be borne
in a winding course, to
wind.
Wondes, wands, 2923.
Wooc, weak, 1874.
A.S. wác.
Wopen, weapon, 469, 3228, 4062.
A.S. wǽpen.
Wopened, Wopnede, armed, 1787,
2479, 3373, 3376.
Wordes, words, 18.
A.S. wald, weald.
Wold, ruler, 3412.
A.S. walda.
Wold, sacrifice, 3116.
Wold, Wolde, would, 912, 1418,
1419.
Wold, (1) killed, slain, 420;
destroyed, 526 (?), or (2)
flooded (?).
(1) A.S. cwelian, to kill. (2) A.S.
weallan, to flow.
Wolden, (pl.) would, 3756.
Wond, wand, 2715, 2803, 2808.
Du. vaand, a switch.
Wond, went up, 3782, 4136.
A.S. windan, to move or be borne
in a winding course, to
wind.
Wondes, wands, 2923.
Wooc, weak, 1874.
A.S. wác.
Wopen, weapon, 469, 3228, 4062.
A.S. wǽpen.
Wopened, Wopnede, armed, 1787,
2479, 3373, 3376.
Wordes, words, 18.
Page 532
Wore, (subj.) were, 768, 1144,
1148, 1170, 2192.
Wore, (2 pers. sing.) 1759, 1814.
Woree = woren, were, 2950.
Woren, were, 347, 488, 790, 1207,
2380.
Worn, were, 61, 147.
Wor-of, whereof, 3530.
Worpen, cast, 1943, 2923.
See Werpen.
Wort, word, 73.
Worðed, honoured, 262.
See Wurðen.
Wot, know, 487, 1473;
knows, 353.
A.S. witan (ic wát, þu wást, he
wát; we witon; pret. wiste).
Wrake, punishment, destruction,
552.
A.S. wræc, punishment.
Wrech, Wreche, vengeance,
destruction, 552, 632, 634,
641, 1042, 1076, 1142,
3396;
plague, 1176.
A.S. wracu, vengeance, pain,
punishment.
1148, 1170, 2192.
Wore, (2 pers. sing.) 1759, 1814.
Woree = woren, were, 2950.
Woren, were, 347, 488, 790, 1207,
2380.
Worn, were, 61, 147.
Wor-of, whereof, 3530.
Worpen, cast, 1943, 2923.
See Werpen.
Wort, word, 73.
Worðed, honoured, 262.
See Wurðen.
Wot, know, 487, 1473;
knows, 353.
A.S. witan (ic wát, þu wást, he
wát; we witon; pret. wiste).
Wrake, punishment, destruction,
552.
A.S. wræc, punishment.
Wrech, Wreche, vengeance,
destruction, 552, 632, 634,
641, 1042, 1076, 1142,
3396;
plague, 1176.
A.S. wracu, vengeance, pain,
punishment.
Page 533
Wrecches, wretches, 1074, 1080.
A.S. wræcca, an exile, wretch.
Wreken, (p.p.) revenged, 2028,
3067, 3281.
A.S. wrécan, to avenge.
Wreken, (p.p.) taken, 3148.
Wrestelede, wrestled, 1803.
Wreðe, Wreððe, wrath, 482, 3793,
3863.
A.S. wræðo, wrath.
Wreðed = wreðeð, is angry, 1584.
A.S. wraðian, to be angry.
Wrigtful, guilty, 2204.
A.S. wróht; Da. rygte, a crime.
Wrigteleslike, guiltlessly, 2076.
A.S. wróhtlíc, accusing.
Wrim, reptile, 169, 187, 299.
A.S. wyrm, a worm, reptile,
serpent.
Wrim-kin, serpents, 3895.
Writ, 1974.
Wriðel, herbs (?), from Du. wortel,
an herb, 3153.
A.S. wræcca, an exile, wretch.
Wreken, (p.p.) revenged, 2028,
3067, 3281.
A.S. wrécan, to avenge.
Wreken, (p.p.) taken, 3148.
Wrestelede, wrestled, 1803.
Wreðe, Wreððe, wrath, 482, 3793,
3863.
A.S. wræðo, wrath.
Wreðed = wreðeð, is angry, 1584.
A.S. wraðian, to be angry.
Wrigtful, guilty, 2204.
A.S. wróht; Da. rygte, a crime.
Wrigteleslike, guiltlessly, 2076.
A.S. wróhtlíc, accusing.
Wrim, reptile, 169, 187, 299.
A.S. wyrm, a worm, reptile,
serpent.
Wrim-kin, serpents, 3895.
Writ, 1974.
Wriðel, herbs (?), from Du. wortel,
an herb, 3153.
Page 534
The A.S. wríðels, a band, fillet,
cover, does not help us to
explain this satisfactorily.
Is wríðel written for
wrixel, change,
alternation, course?
Wrocte, hurt, 230.
A.S. wrécan, to afflict. Wrocte is
the pret. of werken =
wreken, to hurt. Cf. wirm
and wrim, werk and wrek,
etc.
Wrogt, Wrogte, wrought, did, made,
40, 61, 249;
done, 1150;
bestowed, 1812.
Wrogten, (pl.) wrought, struggled,
1470;
did, 529, 547, 4069.
Wroken, turned, 3191.
A.S. wrécan, to banish, afflict
(pret. wrǽc; p.p. wrecen).
Wrong, squeezed, 2064.
A.S. wringan (pret. wrang; p.p.
wrungen), to wring, press.
Wrot, wrote, 462, 523, 2524, 2527.
Wroutis, wrought them, 156.
Wroð, angry, 1215, 1735.
A.S. wráð.
Wroð = worð, became, 3013.
cover, does not help us to
explain this satisfactorily.
Is wríðel written for
wrixel, change,
alternation, course?
Wrocte, hurt, 230.
A.S. wrécan, to afflict. Wrocte is
the pret. of werken =
wreken, to hurt. Cf. wirm
and wrim, werk and wrek,
etc.
Wrogt, Wrogte, wrought, did, made,
40, 61, 249;
done, 1150;
bestowed, 1812.
Wrogten, (pl.) wrought, struggled,
1470;
did, 529, 547, 4069.
Wroken, turned, 3191.
A.S. wrécan, to banish, afflict
(pret. wrǽc; p.p. wrecen).
Wrong, squeezed, 2064.
A.S. wringan (pret. wrang; p.p.
wrungen), to wring, press.
Wrot, wrote, 462, 523, 2524, 2527.
Wroutis, wrought them, 156.
Wroð, angry, 1215, 1735.
A.S. wráð.
Wroð = worð, became, 3013.
Page 535
Wude, wood, 476, 1306.
A.S. wude, wudu.
Wudes, woods, 473.
Wukes, weeks, 2473.
A.S. wuce, wucu.
Wulde, would, 214, 846, 1195,
2430.
Wulden, (pl.) would, 1071, 1075,
3324.
Wuldet, would it, 969.
Wunded, wounded, 853.
A.S. wúndian, to wound.
Wunden, wrapped up, 2597.
A.S. windan.
Wunder, sin, mischief, 69, 3588,
3977.
S.Sax. wundre, mischief.
Wunderlike, wonderfully, 585.
Wune, (sb.) custom, 494, 1639,
1681, 1806, 3857;
wise, manner, 971, 1345, 1405,
1652;
practices, 676;
abilities, 1910;
privilege, 1501.
A.S. wune, practice, custom.
Wune, abode, 513, 3370.
See Wunen.
A.S. wude, wudu.
Wudes, woods, 473.
Wukes, weeks, 2473.
A.S. wuce, wucu.
Wulde, would, 214, 846, 1195,
2430.
Wulden, (pl.) would, 1071, 1075,
3324.
Wuldet, would it, 969.
Wunded, wounded, 853.
A.S. wúndian, to wound.
Wunden, wrapped up, 2597.
A.S. windan.
Wunder, sin, mischief, 69, 3588,
3977.
S.Sax. wundre, mischief.
Wunderlike, wonderfully, 585.
Wune, (sb.) custom, 494, 1639,
1681, 1806, 3857;
wise, manner, 971, 1345, 1405,
1652;
practices, 676;
abilities, 1910;
privilege, 1501.
A.S. wune, practice, custom.
Wune, abode, 513, 3370.
See Wunen.
Page 536
Wune, wont, 1504, 1530, 2066,
2080.
Wune, to dwell, 785.
Wune, (pl.) dwell, 1156, 1254.
Wune = wunede, dwelt, 1842.
Wuned, Wunede, abode, dwelt, 789,
811, 825, 1133, 1167, 1249,
1282.
Wuneden, (pl.) dwelt, 3122, 3845.
Wunen, to dwell, 306, 367, 404,
406, 1863, 1898.
A.S. wunian, to dwell, inhabit.
Wunen, (pl.) dwell, 300, 332, 932,
2464.
Wunen, custom, fashion, 688;
customs, laws, 3137;
abilities, 3482.
Wunen, accustomed, 2900, 3289.
Wunes, customs, usages, 1480,
2293;
practices, 539;
privileges, 1495.
Wuneð, dwells, 465, 2410.
Wuniende, dwelling, 2742.
Wurd, word, 736.
Wurd = wurð, became, 995, 1197.
2080.
Wune, to dwell, 785.
Wune, (pl.) dwell, 1156, 1254.
Wune = wunede, dwelt, 1842.
Wuned, Wunede, abode, dwelt, 789,
811, 825, 1133, 1167, 1249,
1282.
Wuneden, (pl.) dwelt, 3122, 3845.
Wunen, to dwell, 306, 367, 404,
406, 1863, 1898.
A.S. wunian, to dwell, inhabit.
Wunen, (pl.) dwell, 300, 332, 932,
2464.
Wunen, custom, fashion, 688;
customs, laws, 3137;
abilities, 3482.
Wunen, accustomed, 2900, 3289.
Wunes, customs, usages, 1480,
2293;
practices, 539;
privileges, 1495.
Wuneð, dwells, 465, 2410.
Wuniende, dwelling, 2742.
Wurd, word, 736.
Wurd = wurð, became, 995, 1197.
Page 537
Wurdes, words, 2818, 3726.
Wurlike = wurðlike, worthily, 1456.
Wursipe, worship, honour, 2757.
A.S. wurðscipe.
Wursiped, honoured, 511.
Wurt, wort, herb, 119.
A.S. wurt.
Wurðe, 'wel wurðe,' well worth!
155.
Cf. 'woe worth the day,' etc.
Wurð, Wurðe, became, 57, 272,
283, 284, 598, 634, 677,
721, 993, 999, 1175, 1462,
1494, 2218, 3196;
shall be, 1564, 2057, 2058, 2074;
let be, 3483.
Wurðe = wurð he, he shall be, 1943.
Wurðe = wurðede, honoured, 1826.
Wurðede, became, 1528, 2011.
Wurðed, Wurðede, honoured, 1010,
1012, 1629, 1845, 1924.
Wurðeden, (pl.) honoured, 1922.
Wurðeden, (pl.) became, 2946.
Wurðelike, honourably, worthily,
1518, 2760.
A.S. wyrðlíc, wurðlíc, worthy.
Wurlike = wurðlike, worthily, 1456.
Wursipe, worship, honour, 2757.
A.S. wurðscipe.
Wursiped, honoured, 511.
Wurt, wort, herb, 119.
A.S. wurt.
Wurðe, 'wel wurðe,' well worth!
155.
Cf. 'woe worth the day,' etc.
Wurð, Wurðe, became, 57, 272,
283, 284, 598, 634, 677,
721, 993, 999, 1175, 1462,
1494, 2218, 3196;
shall be, 1564, 2057, 2058, 2074;
let be, 3483.
Wurðe = wurð he, he shall be, 1943.
Wurðe = wurðede, honoured, 1826.
Wurðede, became, 1528, 2011.
Wurðed, Wurðede, honoured, 1010,
1012, 1629, 1845, 1924.
Wurðeden, (pl.) honoured, 1922.
Wurðeden, (pl.) became, 2946.
Wurðelike, honourably, worthily,
1518, 2760.
A.S. wyrðlíc, wurðlíc, worthy.
Page 538
Wurðen, (pl.) became, 286, 667,
831, 2050, 2297;
(sbj. pl.) 3559, 3721.
Wurðen, to be, become, exist, 41,
53, 510, 641, 2411, 2427,
2816, 3928.
A.S. weorðan, wurðan, to
become, to be, happen
(pret. wearð; p.p.
geworden).
Wurðen, honour, 2463.
A.S. wurðian, wyrðian, to honour.
Wurðful, honourable, 2678.
A.S. wyrð-full, honourable.
Wurðfulhed, honour, 3499.
Wurði, worthy, 1012, 1501, 3753.
Wurðing, Wurðinge, honour,
respect, 33, 133, 684, 892,
1550, 1774, 2140, 3787.
A.S. wurðung, honour.
Ybiried, 2520.
Ydeles, idols, 1871.
Ydolatrie, 695.
Ymong, among, 3419.
Ynog, enough, 3670.
Ynug, enough, 2156.
831, 2050, 2297;
(sbj. pl.) 3559, 3721.
Wurðen, to be, become, exist, 41,
53, 510, 641, 2411, 2427,
2816, 3928.
A.S. weorðan, wurðan, to
become, to be, happen
(pret. wearð; p.p.
geworden).
Wurðen, honour, 2463.
A.S. wurðian, wyrðian, to honour.
Wurðful, honourable, 2678.
A.S. wyrð-full, honourable.
Wurðfulhed, honour, 3499.
Wurði, worthy, 1012, 1501, 3753.
Wurðing, Wurðinge, honour,
respect, 33, 133, 684, 892,
1550, 1774, 2140, 3787.
A.S. wurðung, honour.
Ybiried, 2520.
Ydeles, idols, 1871.
Ydolatrie, 695.
Ymong, among, 3419.
Ynog, enough, 3670.
Ynug, enough, 2156.
Page 539
Y-oten, called, 2416.
See Hoten.
Yre, iron, 2452.
Ys, ice, 99.
Yses, ice's, 97.
Yuel, wicked, bad, 1074, 1186.
Ywel, evil, harm, 788.
Ywis, certainly, truly indeed, 159.
A.S. gewís.
See Hoten.
Yre, iron, 2452.
Ys, ice, 99.
Yses, ice's, 97.
Yuel, wicked, bad, 1074, 1186.
Ywel, evil, harm, 788.
Ywis, certainly, truly indeed, 159.
A.S. gewís.
Page 540
INDEX OF NAMES.
Aaraon, Aaron, 3063, 3082, 3379,
3387, 3489, 3540, 3543,
3546, 3633, 3750, 3785,
3799, 3837, 3864, 3884,
3890.
Abel, 419, 426, 430, 921.
Abimalech, 1172, 1175, 1189, 1267,
1525.
Abiron, 3757, 3766.
Abraham = Amram, 2588.
Abraham, 995, 998, 1006, 1008,
1009, 1019, 1028, 1031,
1036, 1047, 1161, 1184,
1189, 1196, 1209, 1217,
1267, 1274, 1277, 1285,
1299, 1307, 1313, 1323,
1327, 1331, 1337, 1347,
1355, 1359, 1386, 1403,
1445, 1448, 1464, 1477,
1612, 2426, 3202, 3477,
3479.
Abram, Habram, 708, 710, 720,
721, 730, 734, 736, 737,
740, 741, 755, 757, 759,
762, 771, 780, 781, 798,
805, 809, 811, 818, 822,
824, 825, 862, 870, 872,
878, 880, 888, 892, 895,
Aaraon, Aaron, 3063, 3082, 3379,
3387, 3489, 3540, 3543,
3546, 3633, 3750, 3785,
3799, 3837, 3864, 3884,
3890.
Abel, 419, 426, 430, 921.
Abimalech, 1172, 1175, 1189, 1267,
1525.
Abiron, 3757, 3766.
Abraham = Amram, 2588.
Abraham, 995, 998, 1006, 1008,
1009, 1019, 1028, 1031,
1036, 1047, 1161, 1184,
1189, 1196, 1209, 1217,
1267, 1274, 1277, 1285,
1299, 1307, 1313, 1323,
1327, 1331, 1337, 1347,
1355, 1359, 1386, 1403,
1445, 1448, 1464, 1477,
1612, 2426, 3202, 3477,
3479.
Abram, Habram, 708, 710, 720,
721, 730, 734, 736, 737,
740, 741, 755, 757, 759,
762, 771, 780, 781, 798,
805, 809, 811, 818, 822,
824, 825, 862, 870, 872,
878, 880, 888, 892, 895,
Page 541
898, 913, 920, 925, 935,
948, 961, 965, 967, 986,
988, 995, 3564.
Adam, 86, 199, 231, 238, 292, 296,
353, 356, 390, 397, 410,
412, 422, 424, 428, 429,
442, 445, 493, 498, 502,
541, 817, 1896, 3476.
Adama, 838.
Adda, 455.
Adonay, 2902.
Agar, 965, 970, 973, 1223, 1249,
1265, 1446.
Ai, Ay, 760, 800.
Amalec, Amalech, 3369, 3384,
3391, 3395.
Amon, 1157.
Amonit, 1158.
Amonaphis, Monophis, 2545, 2569.
Amrame, 3472.
Amorreos, 3911.
Anel, 821, 865.
Arabie, 1254, 3322, 3879.
Arabit, 1203.
948, 961, 965, 967, 986,
988, 995, 3564.
Adam, 86, 199, 231, 238, 292, 296,
353, 356, 390, 397, 410,
412, 422, 424, 428, 429,
442, 445, 493, 498, 502,
541, 817, 1896, 3476.
Adama, 838.
Adda, 455.
Adonay, 2902.
Agar, 965, 970, 973, 1223, 1249,
1265, 1446.
Ai, Ay, 760, 800.
Amalec, Amalech, 3369, 3384,
3391, 3395.
Amon, 1157.
Amonit, 1158.
Amonaphis, Monophis, 2545, 2569.
Amrame, 3472.
Amorreos, 3911.
Anel, 821, 865.
Arabie, 1254, 3322, 3879.
Arabit, 1203.
Page 542
Aram, 709, 711, 727, 735, 1599.
Archim, 3881.
Arfaxath, 701.
Armenie, 595.
Arnon, 3914.
Assaroth, 3687.
Babel, 671.
Bal, 691.
Bala, 838.
Bala, Balaam, 1694, 1698, 1699,
1890.
Balaac, 3919, 3937, 3941, 3989,
3995, 3999, 4011.
Balaam, 1354, 3922, 3927, 3939,
3957, 3962, 3975, 3985,
3989.
Balim, 690.
Basaan, 3916.
Batuel, 1376, 1384, 1385.
Bel, 689, 691.
Beland, 690.
Belum, 685.
Archim, 3881.
Arfaxath, 701.
Armenie, 595.
Arnon, 3914.
Assaroth, 3687.
Babel, 671.
Bal, 691.
Bala, 838.
Bala, Balaam, 1694, 1698, 1699,
1890.
Balaac, 3919, 3937, 3941, 3989,
3995, 3999, 4011.
Balaam, 1354, 3922, 3927, 3939,
3957, 3962, 3975, 3985,
3989.
Balim, 690.
Basaan, 3916.
Batuel, 1376, 1384, 1385.
Bel, 689, 691.
Beland, 690.
Belum, 685.
Page 543
Belus, 675.
Belphegor, 4070.
Beniamin, 1885, 2185, 2189, 2231,
2233, 2240, 2281, 2296,
2309, 2335, 2368, 2369.
Bersabe, 1274, 1291, 1344, 1523,
1598.
Beseel, Besseleel, 3533, 3621.
Betel, 760, 800, 1883.
Bozra, 1902.
Buz, 1353.
Buzites, 1354.
Cabroth, 3686.
Cadalamor, 841.
Cade, 1168.
Cades, 3707, 3854.
Caim, Caym, 416, 426, 430, 442,
446, 476, 529.
Caldea, 713.
Calef, Caleph, 3725, 3739, 4095.
Cam, 558.
Belphegor, 4070.
Beniamin, 1885, 2185, 2189, 2231,
2233, 2240, 2281, 2296,
2309, 2335, 2368, 2369.
Bersabe, 1274, 1291, 1344, 1523,
1598.
Beseel, Besseleel, 3533, 3621.
Betel, 760, 800, 1883.
Bozra, 1902.
Buz, 1353.
Buzites, 1354.
Cabroth, 3686.
Cadalamor, 841.
Cade, 1168.
Cades, 3707, 3854.
Caim, Caym, 416, 426, 430, 442,
446, 476, 529.
Caldea, 713.
Calef, Caleph, 3725, 3739, 4095.
Cam, 558.
Page 544
Canaan, Canahan, Cananeam,
Caynan, Chanaan, 498, 726,
743, 798, 1590, 1600, 1746,
1785, 2157, 2391, 3349,
4028.
Caram, 1361, 1741.
Cariatharbe, 813.
Cariatht, 815.
Cedar, 1257.
Cedima, 1263.
Ceturam, 1446.
Chore, 3748, 3781.
Cratonide, 1449.
Damak, 931.
Damask, Damaske, 207, 761, 879.
Dathan, 3757, 3766.
Dede Se, 750.
Dina, Dinam, 1705, 1847.
Dirima, 1260.
Dotayin, 1934.
Duma, 1259.
Caynan, Chanaan, 498, 726,
743, 798, 1590, 1600, 1746,
1785, 2157, 2391, 3349,
4028.
Caram, 1361, 1741.
Cariatharbe, 813.
Cariatht, 815.
Cedar, 1257.
Cedima, 1263.
Ceturam, 1446.
Chore, 3748, 3781.
Cratonide, 1449.
Damak, 931.
Damask, Damaske, 207, 761, 879.
Dathan, 3757, 3766.
Dede Se, 750.
Dina, Dinam, 1705, 1847.
Dirima, 1260.
Dotayin, 1934.
Duma, 1259.
Page 545
Ebron, 811, 1891, 1931, 2424,
2487, 2520, 3715.
Ebris, Ebrisse, 2451, 2540, 2858,
2950.
Ebru, Ebrius, 917, 2607, 2657,
2674, 3051, 3220, 3609,
4035, 4137.
Eden, 433.
Edom, 3877.
Edon, 1901.
Effraym, 2151.
Egipte, Egypte, 764, 785, 790, 797,
802, 1953, 1990, 2374,
2444, 2469, 2489, 2545,
2611, 2646, 2671, 2680,
2683, 2708, 2767, 2802,
2857, 2872, 2951, 2990,
3018, 3020, 3072, 3125,
3160, 3163, 3167, 3170,
3178, 3195, 3216, 3257,
3312, 3440, 3475, 3560,
3720, 3724, 3736, 4088.
Egypcien, Egipcien, 2723, 3103,
3271, 3278.
Eleazar, Eliazar, 3885, 4091, 4111.
Eliab, 3622.
Eliezer, 931, 1359, 1383, 1396,
1399, 1416, 1429, 1438,
2487, 2520, 3715.
Ebris, Ebrisse, 2451, 2540, 2858,
2950.
Ebru, Ebrius, 917, 2607, 2657,
2674, 3051, 3220, 3609,
4035, 4137.
Eden, 433.
Edom, 3877.
Edon, 1901.
Effraym, 2151.
Egipte, Egypte, 764, 785, 790, 797,
802, 1953, 1990, 2374,
2444, 2469, 2489, 2545,
2611, 2646, 2671, 2680,
2683, 2708, 2767, 2802,
2857, 2872, 2951, 2990,
3018, 3020, 3072, 3125,
3160, 3163, 3167, 3170,
3178, 3195, 3216, 3257,
3312, 3440, 3475, 3560,
3720, 3724, 3736, 4088.
Egypcien, Egipcien, 2723, 3103,
3271, 3278.
Eleazar, Eliazar, 3885, 4091, 4111.
Eliab, 3622.
Eliezer, 931, 1359, 1383, 1396,
1399, 1416, 1429, 1438,
Page 546
2766.
Elim, 3303, 3307, 3309.
Eliopoleos, 2643.
Eliopoli, 2003.
Eliv, 1354.
Ely, 2904.
Emor, 1843, 1853.
Engle, 3158.
Engleis, 14.
Eno, 435.
Enoch, 499, 503, 513.
Enos, 442, 494, 498.
Erebis, 3359.
Esau, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1499,
1529, 1540, 1543, 1796,
1823, 1836, 1899.
Esdras, 4153.
Ethan, 3209.
Ethiops, 2875.
Ethiopien, 2667, 2689.
Eufrate, 1255.
Elim, 3303, 3307, 3309.
Eliopoleos, 2643.
Eliopoli, 2003.
Eliv, 1354.
Ely, 2904.
Emor, 1843, 1853.
Engle, 3158.
Engleis, 14.
Eno, 435.
Enoch, 499, 503, 513.
Enos, 442, 494, 498.
Erebis, 3359.
Esau, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1499,
1529, 1540, 1543, 1796,
1823, 1836, 1899.
Esdras, 4153.
Ethan, 3209.
Ethiops, 2875.
Ethiopien, 2667, 2689.
Eufrate, 1255.
Page 547
Eue, Eua, 86, 292, 296, 317, 321,
333, 410, 412, 416, 418,
422, 424, 428, 817.
Excol, 821, 865.
Exodus, 2538.
Faga, 4013.
Fegor, 4031.
Faraon. See Pharao.
Fasga, 4129.
Finees, 4079.
Galaad, Galaað, 1744, 1780, 1951.
Genesis, 414, 2522.
Geraris, 1167.
Gerasis, 1432, 1516.
Gerlon, 2766.
Gersen, 2353, 2364, 2396, 2414,
2709, 3006, 3051, 3121.
Gibi, 826.
Gomorra, 839.
Hamones, 2641.
333, 410, 412, 416, 418,
422, 424, 428, 817.
Excol, 821, 865.
Exodus, 2538.
Faga, 4013.
Fegor, 4031.
Faraon. See Pharao.
Fasga, 4129.
Finees, 4079.
Galaad, Galaað, 1744, 1780, 1951.
Genesis, 414, 2522.
Geraris, 1167.
Gerasis, 1432, 1516.
Gerlon, 2766.
Gersen, 2353, 2364, 2396, 2414,
2709, 3006, 3051, 3121.
Gibi, 826.
Gomorra, 839.
Hamones, 2641.
Page 548
Heber, 702.
Hur (Ur), 725.
Hur, 3379.
Hus, 1350.
Iaboch, 3371.
Iabok, 3914.
Iacabeð, Iakabeð, 2589, 2623.
Iacob, 820, 1473, 1482, 1485, 1487,
1491, 1494, 1539, 1551,
1562, 1566, 1578, 1581,
1593, 1595, 1597, 1617,
1631, 1643, 1649, 1657,
1666, 1669, 1675, 1679,
1688, 1709, 1724, 1727,
1732, 1742, 1750, 1756,
1771, 1783, 1797, 1811,
1814, 1891, 1906, 1909,
1928, 1930, 1966, 1970,
1974, 2158, 2220, 2226,
2238, 2385, 2391, 2397,
2417, 2474, 2784, 3564.
Iannes, 2959.
Iaphet, 558.
Iareth, 499, 3908.
Ihesus, Iesus, 85, 254, 260, 386,
388, 507.
Hur (Ur), 725.
Hur, 3379.
Hus, 1350.
Iaboch, 3371.
Iabok, 3914.
Iacabeð, Iakabeð, 2589, 2623.
Iacob, 820, 1473, 1482, 1485, 1487,
1491, 1494, 1539, 1551,
1562, 1566, 1578, 1581,
1593, 1595, 1597, 1617,
1631, 1643, 1649, 1657,
1666, 1669, 1675, 1679,
1688, 1709, 1724, 1727,
1732, 1742, 1750, 1756,
1771, 1783, 1797, 1811,
1814, 1891, 1906, 1909,
1928, 1930, 1966, 1970,
1974, 2158, 2220, 2226,
2238, 2385, 2391, 2397,
2417, 2474, 2784, 3564.
Iannes, 2959.
Iaphet, 558.
Iareth, 499, 3908.
Ihesus, Iesus, 85, 254, 260, 386,
388, 507.
Page 549
Ierusalem, 890, 3904.
Ierico, 3918.
Ietro, 2741, 2832, 3399, 3403,
3435.
Iewes, 506.
Ihesum (Joshua), 3375.
Iobal, 455, 459.
Iosep, Ioseph, 1907, 1931, 1955,
1961, 1996, 2002, 2008,
2009, 2012, 2016, 2031,
2038, 2051, 2067, 2085,
2092, 2093, 2117, 2119,
2124, 2139, 2147, 2154,
2162, 2167, 2191, 2198,
2210, 2211, 2212, 2229,
2253, 2257, 2283, 2298,
2310, 2312, 2329, 2343,
2360, 2361, 2367, 2382,
2393, 2421, 2433, 2489,
3182, 3200, 3482.
Iosephus, 1281.
Iosu, Iosue, 3568, 3571, 3725,
3739, 4095, 4109, 4116.
Iraab, 442.
Israel, 2381, 3214, 3245, 3268,
3373, 3376, 3406, 3449,
4014, 4023, 4048, 4066,
4149.
Ierico, 3918.
Ietro, 2741, 2832, 3399, 3403,
3435.
Iewes, 506.
Ihesum (Joshua), 3375.
Iobal, 455, 459.
Iosep, Ioseph, 1907, 1931, 1955,
1961, 1996, 2002, 2008,
2009, 2012, 2016, 2031,
2038, 2051, 2067, 2085,
2092, 2093, 2117, 2119,
2124, 2139, 2147, 2154,
2162, 2167, 2191, 2198,
2210, 2211, 2212, 2229,
2253, 2257, 2283, 2298,
2310, 2312, 2329, 2343,
2360, 2361, 2367, 2382,
2393, 2421, 2433, 2489,
3182, 3200, 3482.
Iosephus, 1281.
Iosu, Iosue, 3568, 3571, 3725,
3739, 4095, 4109, 4116.
Iraab, 442.
Israel, 2381, 3214, 3245, 3268,
3373, 3376, 3406, 3449,
4014, 4023, 4048, 4066,
4149.
Page 550
Issa, 233.
Iudas, Vdas, 1696, 1949, 1954,
2333, 3252.
Iurdan, Iordon, Iurdon, 806, 868,
1799, 2486, 3915.
Laban, 1395, 1421, 1582, 1596,
1644, 1655, 1658, 1663,
1674, 1676, 1681, 1689,
1710, 1713, 1727, 1733,
1735, 1739, 1749, 1756,
1769, 1775, 1781.
Lamech, 444, 447, 453, 465, 471,
482.
Leui, 1696, 1862.
Lia, Liam, 820, 1676, 1695, 1702,
1703, 1705.
Lote, Loth, 711, 723, 730, 734, 799,
805, 859, 885, 919, 1053,
1065, 1069, 1083, 1091,
1094, 1099, 1133.
Luz, Luzan, 1603, 1629.
Madian, 2738, 3920, 3950.
Malaleel, 443, 499.
Mambre, 810, 821, 865, 1033,
1165.
Iudas, Vdas, 1696, 1949, 1954,
2333, 3252.
Iurdan, Iordon, Iurdon, 806, 868,
1799, 2486, 3915.
Laban, 1395, 1421, 1582, 1596,
1644, 1655, 1658, 1663,
1674, 1676, 1681, 1689,
1710, 1713, 1727, 1733,
1735, 1739, 1749, 1756,
1769, 1775, 1781.
Lamech, 444, 447, 453, 465, 471,
482.
Leui, 1696, 1862.
Lia, Liam, 820, 1676, 1695, 1702,
1703, 1705.
Lote, Loth, 711, 723, 730, 734, 799,
805, 859, 885, 919, 1053,
1065, 1069, 1083, 1091,
1094, 1099, 1133.
Luz, Luzan, 1603, 1629.
Madian, 2738, 3920, 3950.
Malaleel, 443, 499.
Mambre, 810, 821, 865, 1033,
1165.
Page 551
Mambres, 2959.
Manaim, 1789.
Manassen, 2151.
Marath, 3299.
Maria, 2601, 2615, 3688.
Matusale, 443, 514, 515.
Melca, 1349, 1377.
Melcam, Melcham, 712, 719, 729.
Melchisedech, 891.
Memphin, 2669.
Mesopotaniam, Mesopothaniam,
Mesopotanie, 728, 1360,
1745.
Metodius, 517.
Michael, 3609.
Moab, 3917, 4041, 4133.
Morie, 1293.
Moysen, Moses, Moyses, Moysi,
1903, 2523, 2587, 2631,
2676, 2687, 2691, 2706,
2717, 2725, 2729, 2735,
2750, 2769, 2781, 2806,
2831, 2856, 2859, 2871,
2907, 2909, 2916, 2979,
2981, 3001, 3011, 3015,
Manaim, 1789.
Manassen, 2151.
Marath, 3299.
Maria, 2601, 2615, 3688.
Matusale, 443, 514, 515.
Melca, 1349, 1377.
Melcam, Melcham, 712, 719, 729.
Melchisedech, 891.
Memphin, 2669.
Mesopotaniam, Mesopothaniam,
Mesopotanie, 728, 1360,
1745.
Metodius, 517.
Michael, 3609.
Moab, 3917, 4041, 4133.
Morie, 1293.
Moysen, Moses, Moyses, Moysi,
1903, 2523, 2587, 2631,
2676, 2687, 2691, 2706,
2717, 2725, 2729, 2735,
2750, 2769, 2781, 2806,
2831, 2856, 2859, 2871,
2907, 2909, 2916, 2979,
2981, 3001, 3011, 3015,
Page 552
3024, 3032, 3034, 3055,
3057, 3063, 3075, 3082,
3083, 3101, 3109, 3113,
3117, 3121, 3133, 3180,
3187, 3230, 3231, 3241,
3249, 3251, 3273, 3285,
3302, 3317, 3331, 3343,
3355, 3374, 3381, 3390,
3397, 3399, 3401, 3403,
3407, 3428, 3444, 3449,
3452, 3467, 3472, 3523,
3527, 3537, 3542, 3553,
3557, 3567, 3573, 3575,
3596, 3618, 3629, 3653,
3671, 3689, 3693, 3730,
3741, 3747, 3750, 3758,
3768, 3770, 3771, 3792,
3799, 3817, 3855, 3864,
3898, 4071, 4085, 4091,
4093, 4099, 4105, 4117,
4138, 4145.
Nabachot, 1253.
Nacor, Nachor, 703, 710, 719, 729,
734, 1377, 1384.
Nemboc, 4129.
Nembrot, 659, 673.
Neptalim, 1700.
Nilus, 676.
Noe, 516, 557, 566, 575, 580, 614,
621, 906.
Non, 3488.
3057, 3063, 3075, 3082,
3083, 3101, 3109, 3113,
3117, 3121, 3133, 3180,
3187, 3230, 3231, 3241,
3249, 3251, 3273, 3285,
3302, 3317, 3331, 3343,
3355, 3374, 3381, 3390,
3397, 3399, 3401, 3403,
3407, 3428, 3444, 3449,
3452, 3467, 3472, 3523,
3527, 3537, 3542, 3553,
3557, 3567, 3573, 3575,
3596, 3618, 3629, 3653,
3671, 3689, 3693, 3730,
3741, 3747, 3750, 3758,
3768, 3770, 3771, 3792,
3799, 3817, 3855, 3864,
3898, 4071, 4085, 4091,
4093, 4099, 4105, 4117,
4138, 4145.
Nabachot, 1253.
Nacor, Nachor, 703, 710, 719, 729,
734, 1377, 1384.
Nemboc, 4129.
Nembrot, 659, 673.
Neptalim, 1700.
Nilus, 676.
Noe, 516, 557, 566, 575, 580, 614,
621, 906.
Non, 3488.
Page 553
Oba, 879.
Ortigie, 3675.
"Þe same Delon hatte Ortygia; for
ortigie (þat beeþ coturnicies,
curlewes,) beeþ þerynne
greet plenté."—(Higden's
Polychronicon, vol. i., p.
309.)
Oswas, 3747.
Pasche, 3157.
Pentapolis, 747, 837.
Phaleth, 702.
Pharan, 1248, 3646, 3696.
Pharao, Pharaon, Pharraon,
Pharaun, 774, 1171, 2073,
2095, 2118, 2126, 2137,
2187, 2357, 2394, 2399,
2411, 2539, 2569, 2634,
2733, 2795, 2837, 2862,
2869, 2881, 2931, 2940,
2957, 2965, 2986, 3002,
3008, 3013, 3016, 3022,
3029, 3053, 3064, 3073,
3091, 3098, 3109, 3117,
3123, 3212, 3213, 3259,
3404.
Pharaoth (Pi-hahiroth), 3210.
Ortigie, 3675.
"Þe same Delon hatte Ortygia; for
ortigie (þat beeþ coturnicies,
curlewes,) beeþ þerynne
greet plenté."—(Higden's
Polychronicon, vol. i., p.
309.)
Oswas, 3747.
Pasche, 3157.
Pentapolis, 747, 837.
Phaleth, 702.
Pharan, 1248, 3646, 3696.
Pharao, Pharaon, Pharraon,
Pharaun, 774, 1171, 2073,
2095, 2118, 2126, 2137,
2187, 2357, 2394, 2399,
2411, 2539, 2569, 2634,
2733, 2795, 2837, 2862,
2869, 2881, 2931, 2940,
2957, 2965, 2986, 3002,
3008, 3013, 3016, 3022,
3029, 3053, 3064, 3073,
3091, 3098, 3109, 3117,
3123, 3212, 3213, 3259,
3404.
Pharaoth (Pi-hahiroth), 3210.
Page 554
Putifar, Putiphar, 1991, 1995, 2009,
2037, 2145.
Rachel, 1646, 1653, 1669, 1683,
1688, 1690, 1693, 1697,
1700, 1707, 1886.
Raguel, 2741.
Ramese, Ramesen, 2416, 2553,
3203.
Rafadim, 3352, 3370.
Rebecca, 819, 1376, 1393, 1407,
1422, 1460, 1534, 1579,
1587.
Rede Se, Reade Se, 1450, 2670.
Reu, 703.
Ruben, 1696, 1890, 1939, 1959.
Saba, 2686.
Sale, 701.
Salam, 891.
Salamon, 1296, 1877.
Salem, 904, 1842, 1857.
Salmona, 3893.
Sarra, Sarrai, Sarray, Saram, 711,
741, 765, 772, 773, 777,
2037, 2145.
Rachel, 1646, 1653, 1669, 1683,
1688, 1690, 1693, 1697,
1700, 1707, 1886.
Raguel, 2741.
Ramese, Ramesen, 2416, 2553,
3203.
Rafadim, 3352, 3370.
Rebecca, 819, 1376, 1393, 1407,
1422, 1460, 1534, 1579,
1587.
Rede Se, Reade Se, 1450, 2670.
Reu, 703.
Ruben, 1696, 1890, 1939, 1959.
Saba, 2686.
Sale, 701.
Salam, 891.
Salamon, 1296, 1877.
Salem, 904, 1842, 1857.
Salmona, 3893.
Sarra, Sarrai, Sarray, Saram, 711,
741, 765, 772, 773, 777,
Page 555
799, 818, 963, 969, 973,
996, 1023, 1170, 1178,
1192, 1196, 1215, 1345.
Saruch, 703.
Seboys, 838.
Sede (Seth), 4042.
Sella, 465.
Sem, 558, 701, 903.
Seth, Seht, 425, 493, 498, 540.
Seon, 3911.
Sephora, Sephoram, 2763, 2839,
2847, 3401.
Seyr, 1836, 1899, 3847.
Sichem, 744, 1706, 1841, 1852,
1855, 1863, 1929, 1933.
Sichin, 4066.
Sin, 3308.
Sinay, 3309.
Siðhinges lond, 1288.
Sodoma, Sodome, 839, 887, 909,
1034, 1050, 1052, 1163.
Sochot, Sokoht, Sokoth, 1840,
1841, 3203, 3209.
996, 1023, 1170, 1178,
1192, 1196, 1215, 1345.
Saruch, 703.
Seboys, 838.
Sede (Seth), 4042.
Sella, 465.
Sem, 558, 701, 903.
Seth, Seht, 425, 493, 498, 540.
Seon, 3911.
Sephora, Sephoram, 2763, 2839,
2847, 3401.
Seyr, 1836, 1899, 3847.
Sichem, 744, 1706, 1841, 1852,
1855, 1863, 1929, 1933.
Sichin, 4066.
Sin, 3308.
Sinay, 3309.
Siðhinges lond, 1288.
Sodoma, Sodome, 839, 887, 909,
1034, 1050, 1052, 1163.
Sochot, Sokoht, Sokoth, 1840,
1841, 3203, 3209.
Page 556
Sur, 3296.
Symeon, 1696, 1855, 1862, 2196,
2197, 2265.
Syna, Synai, Synay, 2853, 2879,
3362, 3438, 3599, 3640,
3850.
Syon-gaber, 3698.
Tarbis, 2689, 2695.
Thare, 703, 725, 732, 735.
Tharam (Charam), 1634.
Tema, 1261.
Teman, 1262.
Teremuth, 2603, 2615, 2628, 2629,
2675.
Tubal, 466.
Tur ader, 1889.
Vephres, 2540.
Ydumea, Ydumeam, 1575, 1900.
Ysaac, 819, 1198, 1207, 1211,
1213, 1266, 1283, 1287,
1305, 1321, 1325, 1336,
1363, 1406, 1408, 1432,
1451, 1455, 1459, 1475,
Symeon, 1696, 1855, 1862, 2196,
2197, 2265.
Syna, Synai, Synay, 2853, 2879,
3362, 3438, 3599, 3640,
3850.
Syon-gaber, 3698.
Tarbis, 2689, 2695.
Thare, 703, 725, 732, 735.
Tharam (Charam), 1634.
Tema, 1261.
Teman, 1262.
Teremuth, 2603, 2615, 2628, 2629,
2675.
Tubal, 466.
Tur ader, 1889.
Vephres, 2540.
Ydumea, Ydumeam, 1575, 1900.
Ysaac, 819, 1198, 1207, 1211,
1213, 1266, 1283, 1287,
1305, 1321, 1325, 1336,
1363, 1406, 1408, 1432,
1451, 1455, 1459, 1475,
Page 557
1479, 1513, 1527, 1595,
1612, 1656, 1893, 1905,
2784, 3480, 3481.
Ysakar, 1704.
Ysmael, 1000, 1203, 1212, 1214,
1216, 1223, 1245, 1249,
1265, 1455, 1458.
Ysrael, 3381, 3678.
Zabri, 4081.
Zabulon, 1704.
Zelfa, 1678, 1701.
INDEX OF RIMES.
1612, 1656, 1893, 1905,
2784, 3480, 3481.
Ysakar, 1704.
Ysmael, 1000, 1203, 1212, 1214,
1216, 1223, 1245, 1249,
1265, 1455, 1458.
Ysrael, 3381, 3678.
Zabri, 4081.
Zabulon, 1704.
Zelfa, 1678, 1701.
INDEX OF RIMES.
Page 558
-a
Cedima, s.
ða, adv. or pron. 36/1264.
Bozra. See ða.
Eua, s.
Sarra, s. 24/818. See woa.
Fasga, s.
ðoa, adv. 117/4130.
Gomorra, s.
ðoa, adv. 24/840.
Lia. See Rebecca.
Oba, s.
woa, s. 26/880.
Rebecca, s.
Lia, s. 24/820.
Salmona, s.
ðoa, adv. 110/3894.
Sarra. See Eua.
Syna, s.
ðor-fra, adv. 82/2880.
ða, adv.
Bozra, s. 55/1902. See Cedima.
ðoa. See Fasga, Gomorra, Salmona.
ðor-fra. See Syna.
woa, s.
Cedima, s.
ða, adv. or pron. 36/1264.
Bozra. See ða.
Eua, s.
Sarra, s. 24/818. See woa.
Fasga, s.
ðoa, adv. 117/4130.
Gomorra, s.
ðoa, adv. 24/840.
Lia. See Rebecca.
Oba, s.
woa, s. 26/880.
Rebecca, s.
Lia, s. 24/820.
Salmona, s.
ðoa, adv. 110/3894.
Sarra. See Eua.
Syna, s.
ðor-fra, adv. 82/2880.
ða, adv.
Bozra, s. 55/1902. See Cedima.
ðoa. See Fasga, Gomorra, Salmona.
ðor-fra. See Syna.
woa, s.
Page 559
Eua, s. 7/238. See Oba.
-ab
Iraab. See bad.
-ac
Balaac, s.
spac, pret. 114/4030.
Ysaac, s.
swac, a. 44/1528;
vn-swac, a. 35/1212. See wac.
spac. See Balaac.
swac. See Ysaac.
vn-swac. See Ysaac.
wac, a.
Ysaac, s. 34/1198.
-ad
Adad. See rad.
bad, pret.
glad, a. 69/2434, 81/2836;
Iraab, s. 13/442;
rad, a. 29/998;
sad, pp. 2/58, 4/116. See rad.
glad, a.
sad, (?) 115/4052. See bad.
-ab
Iraab. See bad.
-ac
Balaac, s.
spac, pret. 114/4030.
Ysaac, s.
swac, a. 44/1528;
vn-swac, a. 35/1212. See wac.
spac. See Balaac.
swac. See Ysaac.
vn-swac. See Ysaac.
wac, a.
Ysaac, s. 34/1198.
-ad
Adad. See rad.
bad, pret.
glad, a. 69/2434, 81/2836;
Iraab, s. 13/442;
rad, a. 29/998;
sad, pp. 2/58, 4/116. See rad.
glad, a.
sad, (?) 115/4052. See bad.
Page 560
mad, pp.
rad, a. 78/2730;
sad, pp. 7/208;
shad, pp. 5/148.
rad, a. or pp.
Adad, s. 71/2482;
bad, pret. 18/618, 103/3618;
sad, pp. 51/1784. See bad, mad.
sad. See bad, glad, mad, rad, un-
mad.
shad. See mad.
un-mad, a.
sad, pp. 20/672.
-aden
laden. See waden.
waden, inf.
laden, pp. 52/1800.
-af
chaf, s.
gaf, pret. 82/2890.
cuuel-staf. See gaf.
gaf, pret.
cuuel-staf, s. 105/3710. See chaf.
-aft
rad, a. 78/2730;
sad, pp. 7/208;
shad, pp. 5/148.
rad, a. or pp.
Adad, s. 71/2482;
bad, pret. 18/618, 103/3618;
sad, pp. 51/1784. See bad, mad.
sad. See bad, glad, mad, rad, un-
mad.
shad. See mad.
un-mad, a.
sad, pp. 20/672.
-aden
laden. See waden.
waden, inf.
laden, pp. 52/1800.
-af
chaf, s.
gaf, pret. 82/2890.
cuuel-staf. See gaf.
gaf, pret.
cuuel-staf, s. 105/3710. See chaf.
-aft
Page 561
craf[t]. See saft.
saft, s.
craf[t], s. 111/3900.
-ag
sag, pret.
[ðag], 64/2254.
-age
age, s.
lage, s. 115/4058. See dage, lage,
ut-lage.
dage, s. dat. pl.
age, s. 101/3546.
felage, s.
[vn-]lage, s. 51/1762.
hore-plage, s.
lage, s. 115/4068. See vn-lage.
lage, s.
age, s. 103/3632. See age, hore-
plage, plage, sage.
plage, s.
lage, s. 16/538.
sage, s.
lage, s. 118/4154.
vn-lage, s.
hore-plage, s. 16/530.
saft, s.
craf[t], s. 111/3900.
-ag
sag, pret.
[ðag], 64/2254.
-age
age, s.
lage, s. 115/4058. See dage, lage,
ut-lage.
dage, s. dat. pl.
age, s. 101/3546.
felage, s.
[vn-]lage, s. 51/1762.
hore-plage, s.
lage, s. 115/4068. See vn-lage.
lage, s.
age, s. 103/3632. See age, hore-
plage, plage, sage.
plage, s.
lage, s. 16/538.
sage, s.
lage, s. 118/4154.
vn-lage, s.
hore-plage, s. 16/530.
Page 562
[vn-]lage. See felage.
ut-lage, s.
age, s. 13/432.
-agen
agen. See to-dragen.
dagen, s. pl. See of-slagen.
dagen, inf. See fagen.
dragen, inf. See fagen.
dragen, pp.
sagen, s. 1/14. See on-sagen,
slagen, uuerslagen.
fagen, a.
dagen, inf. 1/16;
dragen, inf. 67/2360, 68/2378;
un-slagen, a. 38/1332;
vt-dragen, pp. 81/2856. See
slagen.
of-slagen, pp.
dagen, s. dat. pl. 116/4078.
on-sagen, s.
dragen, pp. 59/2046.
sagen. See dragen, pp.
slagen, pp.
dragen, pp. 98/3458, 106/3722,
108/3806;
ut-lage, s.
age, s. 13/432.
-agen
agen. See to-dragen.
dagen, s. pl. See of-slagen.
dagen, inf. See fagen.
dragen, inf. See fagen.
dragen, pp.
sagen, s. 1/14. See on-sagen,
slagen, uuerslagen.
fagen, a.
dagen, inf. 1/16;
dragen, inf. 67/2360, 68/2378;
un-slagen, a. 38/1332;
vt-dragen, pp. 81/2856. See
slagen.
of-slagen, pp.
dagen, s. dat. pl. 116/4078.
on-sagen, s.
dragen, pp. 59/2046.
sagen. See dragen, pp.
slagen, pp.
dragen, pp. 98/3458, 106/3722,
108/3806;
Page 563
fagen, a. 15/510, 25/854,
101/3560;
up-dragen, pp. 53/1858;
wið-dragen, inf. 17/592. See wið-
dragen, pp.
to-dragen, inf.
agen, s. 6/192.
un-slagen. See fagen.
up-dragen. See slagen.
vt-dragen. See fagen.
uuerslagen, s.
dragen, pp. 90/3156.
wið-dragen, inf. See slagen.
wið-dragen, pp.
slagen, pp. 113/3984.
-ages
dages, s. pl.
lages, s. pl. 117/4120.
lages. See dages, plages, daiges.
plages, s. pl.
lages, s. pl. 102/3576.
-agt
agt. See bi-tagt.
bi-lagt, pp.
101/3560;
up-dragen, pp. 53/1858;
wið-dragen, inf. 17/592. See wið-
dragen, pp.
to-dragen, inf.
agen, s. 6/192.
un-slagen. See fagen.
up-dragen. See slagen.
vt-dragen. See fagen.
uuerslagen, s.
dragen, pp. 90/3156.
wið-dragen, inf. See slagen.
wið-dragen, pp.
slagen, pp. 113/3984.
-ages
dages, s. pl.
lages, s. pl. 117/4120.
lages. See dages, plages, daiges.
plages, s. pl.
lages, s. pl. 102/3576.
-agt
agt. See bi-tagt.
bi-lagt, pp.
Page 564
bi-tagt, pp. 23/774.
bi-tagt, pp.
agt, s. 27/924, 117/4122;
hagt, s. 59/2044;
nagt, s. 48/1678, 109/3832. See
bi-lagt, lagt.
dragt, s.
tagt, pp. 106/3746. See tagt.
hagt. See bi-tagt, lagt, twin-
manslagt.
lagt, pp.
bi-tagt, pp. 75/2622;
hagt, s. 60/2082;
nagt, s. 89/3142.
nagt, s.
tagt. pp. 111/3928. See bi-tagt,
lagt.
tagt, pp.
dragt, s. 103/3624. See dragt,
nagt.
twin-manslagt, s.
hagt, s. 14/486.
-ai, -ay
ay, adv.
day, s. 3/88, 5/156;
may, v. 1/6. See sunenday.
awai. See dai.
bi-tagt, pp.
agt, s. 27/924, 117/4122;
hagt, s. 59/2044;
nagt, s. 48/1678, 109/3832. See
bi-lagt, lagt.
dragt, s.
tagt, pp. 106/3746. See tagt.
hagt. See bi-tagt, lagt, twin-
manslagt.
lagt, pp.
bi-tagt, pp. 75/2622;
hagt, s. 60/2082;
nagt, s. 89/3142.
nagt, s.
tagt. pp. 111/3928. See bi-tagt,
lagt.
tagt, pp.
dragt, s. 103/3624. See dragt,
nagt.
twin-manslagt, s.
hagt, s. 14/486.
-ai, -ay
ay, adv.
day, s. 3/88, 5/156;
may, v. 1/6. See sunenday.
awai. See dai.
Page 565
dai, s.
awai, adv. 18/616;
a-wei, adv. 50/1750, 66/2306;
awei, adv. 98/3440;
lay, pret. 94/3312;
mai, v. 10/314, 78/2748, 80/2820,
89/3144, 92/3234;
wei, s. 103/3642. See mai, wei.
day, s.
wey, s. 78/2722. See ay, lay, s.,
lay, pret.
domes-dai, s.
mai, v. 19/646.
domes-day, s.
may, v. 15/506.
lay, s.
day, s. 35/1202.
lay, pret.
day, s. 39/1362. See dai.
mai, v.
dai, s. 19/652. See dai, domesdai.
may. See ay, domes-day.
munendai. See sunedai.
sunedai, s.
munendai, s. 3/72.
sunenday, s.
ay, adv. 8/262.
awai, adv. 18/616;
a-wei, adv. 50/1750, 66/2306;
awei, adv. 98/3440;
lay, pret. 94/3312;
mai, v. 10/314, 78/2748, 80/2820,
89/3144, 92/3234;
wei, s. 103/3642. See mai, wei.
day, s.
wey, s. 78/2722. See ay, lay, s.,
lay, pret.
domes-dai, s.
mai, v. 19/646.
domes-day, s.
may, v. 15/506.
lay, s.
day, s. 35/1202.
lay, pret.
day, s. 39/1362. See dai.
mai, v.
dai, s. 19/652. See dai, domesdai.
may. See ay, domes-day.
munendai. See sunedai.
sunedai, s.
munendai, s. 3/72.
sunenday, s.
ay, adv. 8/262.
Page 566
-aiges
daiges, s. pl.
daiges, s. pl. 71/2472;
lages, s. pl. 70/2446;
laiges, s. pl. 70/2456;
la[i]ges, s. pl. 98/3454.
-ake
make, v. sbj.
take, v. sbj. 99/3494.
make, v. imper.
take, v. sbj. 98/3456.
quake. See gate.
sake, s.
wrake, s. 16/552. See snake.
snake, s.
sake, s. 80/2806.
take. See make (both).
wrake. See sake.
-aked
maked, pp.
waked, pp. 72/2516. See waked.
naked, a.
waked, pp. 11/360.
waked, pp.
daiges, s. pl.
daiges, s. pl. 71/2472;
lages, s. pl. 70/2446;
laiges, s. pl. 70/2456;
la[i]ges, s. pl. 98/3454.
-ake
make, v. sbj.
take, v. sbj. 99/3494.
make, v. imper.
take, v. sbj. 98/3456.
quake. See gate.
sake, s.
wrake, s. 16/552. See snake.
snake, s.
sake, s. 80/2806.
take. See make (both).
wrake. See sake.
-aked
maked, pp.
waked, pp. 72/2516. See waked.
naked, a.
waked, pp. 11/360.
waked, pp.
Page 567
maked, pp. 70/2470. See maked,
naked.
-aken
bi-waken. See smaken.
for-saken, pp.
taken, inf. 108/3812.
laken, inf.
waken, inf. 35/1232.
maken, v. pl.
raken, inf. 61/2132.
maken. inf.
taken, inf. 38/1340, 100/3530,
115/4038. See ouer-taken,
sake[n], taken (both), up-
taken, waken.
ouer-taken, pp.
maken, inf. 26/878.
raken. See maken, v. pl., taken, inf.
sake[n], s.
maken, inf. 106/3732. See taken,
inf.
smaken, inf.
bi-waken, inf. 70/2444.
taken, inf.
maken, inf. 77/2698, 87/3070,
101/3548;
raken, inf. 94/3324;
naked.
-aken
bi-waken. See smaken.
for-saken, pp.
taken, inf. 108/3812.
laken, inf.
waken, inf. 35/1232.
maken, v. pl.
raken, inf. 61/2132.
maken. inf.
taken, inf. 38/1340, 100/3530,
115/4038. See ouer-taken,
sake[n], taken (both), up-
taken, waken.
ouer-taken, pp.
maken, inf. 26/878.
raken. See maken, v. pl., taken, inf.
sake[n], s.
maken, inf. 106/3732. See taken,
inf.
smaken, inf.
bi-waken, inf. 70/2444.
taken, inf.
maken, inf. 77/2698, 87/3070,
101/3548;
raken, inf. 94/3324;
Page 568
sake[n], s. 40/1392. See for-saken,
maken, inf.
taken, pp.
maken, inf. 38/1312, 107/3756.
up-taken, inf.
maken, inf. 9/278.
waken, inf.
maken, inf. 73/2552. See laken.
-akeð
quakeð, v. 3 sg.
up-wakeð, v. 3 sg. 98/3466
-al
al. See wal, s.
Bal, s.
wið-al, adv. 20/692.
Iobal, s.
wal, a. 14/456.
moal, s.
natural, a. 3/82.
sal, v.
sal, v. 114/4010;
wið-al, adv. 54/1878. See wal, a.
ðral, s.
vt-stal, pret. 82/2882.
wal, s.
maken, inf.
taken, pp.
maken, inf. 38/1312, 107/3756.
up-taken, inf.
maken, inf. 9/278.
waken, inf.
maken, inf. 73/2552. See laken.
-akeð
quakeð, v. 3 sg.
up-wakeð, v. 3 sg. 98/3466
-al
al. See wal, s.
Bal, s.
wið-al, adv. 20/692.
Iobal, s.
wal, a. 14/456.
moal, s.
natural, a. 3/82.
sal, v.
sal, v. 114/4010;
wið-al, adv. 54/1878. See wal, a.
ðral, s.
vt-stal, pret. 82/2882.
wal, s.
Page 569
al, a. 4/98.
wal, a.
sal, v. 103/3636. See Iobal.
wið-al. See Bal, sal.
-ale
[bale], s.
male, s. 1/22.
bale, s.
tale, s. 16/548, 72/2526. See dale,
dwale, tale.
bridale. See tale.
dale, s.
bale, s. 25/850, 32/1122, 34/1166,
57/1984;
dwale, s. 1/20;
tale, s. 22/746, 33/1132;
wale, a. 26/888. See dwale, tale,
wale, s.
dwale, s.
bale, s. 3/68;
dale, s. 30/1038;
smale, a. 115/4056. See dale, tale.
male. See [bale].
smale. See dwale, tale.
tale, s.
bale, s. 10/322, 58/2038;
bridale, s. 48/1674;
wal, a.
sal, v. 103/3636. See Iobal.
wið-al. See Bal, sal.
-ale
[bale], s.
male, s. 1/22.
bale, s.
tale, s. 16/548, 72/2526. See dale,
dwale, tale.
bridale. See tale.
dale, s.
bale, s. 25/850, 32/1122, 34/1166,
57/1984;
dwale, s. 1/20;
tale, s. 22/746, 33/1132;
wale, a. 26/888. See dwale, tale,
wale, s.
dwale, s.
bale, s. 3/68;
dale, s. 30/1038;
smale, a. 115/4056. See dale, tale.
male. See [bale].
smale. See dwale, tale.
tale, s.
bale, s. 10/322, 58/2038;
bridale, s. 48/1674;
Page 570
dale, s. 5/142;
dwale, s. 35/1220, 97/3404;
smale, a. pl. 1/18, 19/656,
82/2892. See bale, dale.
wale, s.
dale, s. 24/810, 39/1356.
wale, a. See dale.
-alem
Ierusalem. See Salem.
Salem, s.
Ierusalem, s. 26/890.
-am
Abraham, s.
bi-cam, pret. 29/996, 40/1404;
cam, pret. 36/1268;
Canaan, s. 99/3478;
Ceturam, s. 42/1446;
for-ðan, adv. 34/1190;
nam, pret. 35/1210, 35/1218. See
am, cam, nam, ðan.
Abram, s.
ham, v. 27/926;
Iurdan, s. 23/806;
leman, s. 23/782;
man, s. 26/910. See Aram, cam,
Melcam, bi-gan.
Adam, s.
cam, pret. 7/224, 12/416, 13/446;
dwale, s. 35/1220, 97/3404;
smale, a. pl. 1/18, 19/656,
82/2892. See bale, dale.
wale, s.
dale, s. 24/810, 39/1356.
wale, a. See dale.
-alem
Ierusalem. See Salem.
Salem, s.
Ierusalem, s. 26/890.
-am
Abraham, s.
bi-cam, pret. 29/996, 40/1404;
cam, pret. 36/1268;
Canaan, s. 99/3478;
Ceturam, s. 42/1446;
for-ðan, adv. 34/1190;
nam, pret. 35/1210, 35/1218. See
am, cam, nam, ðan.
Abram, s.
ham, v. 27/926;
Iurdan, s. 23/806;
leman, s. 23/782;
man, s. 26/910. See Aram, cam,
Melcam, bi-gan.
Adam, s.
cam, pret. 7/224, 12/416, 13/446;
Page 571
nam, pret. 6/200. See cam, nam.
am, v.
Abraham, s. 46/1612.
Aram, s.
Abram, s. 21/710, 22/736;
Mesopothaniam, s. 21/728;
nam, pret. 46/1600.
Balaam, s.
nam, pret. 112/3940. See cam,
nam.
bi-cam, pret.
nam, pret. 58/2008;
up-nam, pret. 86/3024. See
Abraham, nam.
bi-nam. See cam, Dinam.
cam, pret.
Abraham, s. 40/1386;
Abram, s. 21/708;
Adam, s. 6/172, 11/356;
Balaam, s. 39/1354;
bi-nam, pret. 32/1110;
Liam, s. 48/1676;
nam, pret. 20/698, 40/1402,
41/1436, 43/1490,
52/1824, 57/1988,
74/2604, 76/2668,
88/3096, 92/3254. See
Abraham, Adam,
Cananeam, nam, under-
nam.
Canaan. See Abraham.
am, v.
Abraham, s. 46/1612.
Aram, s.
Abram, s. 21/710, 22/736;
Mesopothaniam, s. 21/728;
nam, pret. 46/1600.
Balaam, s.
nam, pret. 112/3940. See cam,
nam.
bi-cam, pret.
nam, pret. 58/2008;
up-nam, pret. 86/3024. See
Abraham, nam.
bi-nam. See cam, Dinam.
cam, pret.
Abraham, s. 40/1386;
Abram, s. 21/708;
Adam, s. 6/172, 11/356;
Balaam, s. 39/1354;
bi-nam, pret. 32/1110;
Liam, s. 48/1676;
nam, pret. 20/698, 40/1402,
41/1436, 43/1490,
52/1824, 57/1988,
74/2604, 76/2668,
88/3096, 92/3254. See
Abraham, Adam,
Cananeam, nam, under-
nam.
Canaan. See Abraham.
Page 572
Cananeam, s.
cam, pret. 51/1786;
nam, pret. 22/744. See
Mesopotaniam.
Ceturam. See Abraham.
Dinam, s.
bi-nam, pret. 49/1706.
gram. See nam.
Habram, s.
nam, pret. 22/758.
ham. See Abram.
Liam. See cam.
Melcam, s.
Abram, s. 21/720, 21/730.
Mesopotaniam, s.
Cananeam, s. 50/1746.
Mesopothaniam. See Aram.
nam, pret.
Abraham, s. 79/2784;
Adam, s. 3/86, 10/338;
Balaam, s. 49/1698;
bi-cam, pret. 50/1744, 61/2148,
80/2808;
cam, pret. 39/1366, 78/2738,
81/2854, 93/3262;
Canahan, s. 21/726;
gram, a. 35/1228;
Laban, s. 48/1654;
Saram, s. 34/1178;
cam, pret. 51/1786;
nam, pret. 22/744. See
Mesopotaniam.
Ceturam. See Abraham.
Dinam, s.
bi-nam, pret. 49/1706.
gram. See nam.
Habram, s.
nam, pret. 22/758.
ham. See Abram.
Liam. See cam.
Melcam, s.
Abram, s. 21/720, 21/730.
Mesopotaniam, s.
Cananeam, s. 50/1746.
Mesopothaniam. See Aram.
nam, pret.
Abraham, s. 79/2784;
Adam, s. 3/86, 10/338;
Balaam, s. 49/1698;
bi-cam, pret. 50/1744, 61/2148,
80/2808;
cam, pret. 39/1366, 78/2738,
81/2854, 93/3262;
Canahan, s. 21/726;
gram, a. 35/1228;
Laban, s. 48/1654;
Saram, s. 34/1178;
Page 573
Sellam, s. 14/454. See Abraham,
Adam, Aram, Balaam, bi-
cam, cam, Cananeam,
Habram, Sephoram, wið-
ðan, tok.
ouer-cam, pret.
Tharam, s. 47/1634.
Saram. See nam.
Sellam. See nam.
Sephoram, s.
nam, pret. 79/2764, 81/2840.
Tharam. See ouer-cam.
under-nam, pret.
cam, pret. 45/1554.
up-nam. See bi-cam.
-ame
frame, s.
name, s. 5/134, 53/1838;
tame, a. pl. 6/174. See name.
hun-frame. See same.
lichame. See same.
name, s.
frame, s. 18/626, 73/2540;
same, s. 7/234, 9/302, 13/436;
un-frame, s. 45/1566. See frame,
tame, un-frame.
Adam, Aram, Balaam, bi-
cam, cam, Cananeam,
Habram, Sephoram, wið-
ðan, tok.
ouer-cam, pret.
Tharam, s. 47/1634.
Saram. See nam.
Sellam. See nam.
Sephoram, s.
nam, pret. 79/2764, 81/2840.
Tharam. See ouer-cam.
under-nam, pret.
cam, pret. 45/1554.
up-nam. See bi-cam.
-ame
frame, s.
name, s. 5/134, 53/1838;
tame, a. pl. 6/174. See name.
hun-frame. See same.
lichame. See same.
name, s.
frame, s. 18/626, 73/2540;
same, s. 7/234, 9/302, 13/436;
un-frame, s. 45/1566. See frame,
tame, un-frame.
Page 574
same, s.
hun-frame, s. 16/554;
lichame, s. 11/350. See name,
tame.
tame, a. pl.
name, s. 7/222;
same, s. 85/2972. See frame.
un-frame, s.
name, s. 86/3038. See name.
-amen
framen. See samen, to samen.
gamen, s.
samen, adv. 12/412, 58/2016. See
name[n], un-framen.
name[n], s.
gamen, s. 99/3498.
samen, adv.
framen, inf. 47/1642. See gamen.
to samen, adv.
framen, v. 89/3146.
un-framen, inf.
gamen, s. 35/1214.
-an
Basaan. See Iordan.
bi-gan, pret.
hun-frame, s. 16/554;
lichame, s. 11/350. See name,
tame.
tame, a. pl.
name, s. 7/222;
same, s. 85/2972. See frame.
un-frame, s.
name, s. 86/3038. See name.
-amen
framen. See samen, to samen.
gamen, s.
samen, adv. 12/412, 58/2016. See
name[n], un-framen.
name[n], s.
gamen, s. 99/3498.
samen, adv.
framen, inf. 47/1642. See gamen.
to samen, adv.
framen, v. 89/3146.
un-framen, inf.
gamen, s. 35/1214.
-an
Basaan. See Iordan.
bi-gan, pret.
Page 575
Abram, s. 27/922. See man,
wapman.
Caynan. See can.
can, v.
Caynan, s. 15/498;
ouer-man, s. 97/3424. See man.
Canaan, s.
gan, pret. 95/3350. See man.
Canahan. See nam.
Chanaan, s.
for-ðan, adv. 62/2158;
man, s. 68/2392.
for-ðan, conj. See man.
for-ðan, adv.
Madian, s. 111/3920;
Teman, s. 36/1262. See Abraham,
Chanaan, Laban, man.
forð-ran, pret.
wimman, s. 75/2620.
gan, pret.
Laban, s. 45/1582, 47/1644;
man, s. 81/2832;
Pharan, s. 104/3646. See Canaan,
man, ran.
Iordan, s.
Basaan, s. 111/3916. See ðan.
Iurdan. See Abram.
wapman.
Caynan. See can.
can, v.
Caynan, s. 15/498;
ouer-man, s. 97/3424. See man.
Canaan, s.
gan, pret. 95/3350. See man.
Canahan. See nam.
Chanaan, s.
for-ðan, adv. 62/2158;
man, s. 68/2392.
for-ðan, conj. See man.
for-ðan, adv.
Madian, s. 111/3920;
Teman, s. 36/1262. See Abraham,
Chanaan, Laban, man.
forð-ran, pret.
wimman, s. 75/2620.
gan, pret.
Laban, s. 45/1582, 47/1644;
man, s. 81/2832;
Pharan, s. 104/3646. See Canaan,
man, ran.
Iordan, s.
Basaan, s. 111/3916. See ðan.
Iurdan. See Abram.
Page 576
Laban, s.
for-ðan, adv. 41/1422. See nam,
gan, ran.
leman. See Abram.
Madian. See for-ðan, adv., man.
man, s.
bi-gan, pret. 6/188, 7/236, 13/448,
69/2408;
can, v. 76/2650, 82/2872,
97/3426;
Canaan, s. 23/798;
for-ðan, conj. 57/1996;
for-ðan, adv. 86/3028;
forðan, adv. 90/3162;
gan, pret. 116/4080;
Madian, s. 78/2742;
ðan, pron. 80/2792. See Abram,
Chanaan, gan, ðan, wið-
ðan, Moysen.
ouer-man. See can.
Pharan. See gan, ðan.
ran, pret.
gan, pret. 44/1534;
Laban, s. 40/1394.
san, s. (= schond).
wimman, s. 11/374.
Teman. See for-ðan, adv.
ðan, pron.
Abraham, s. 91/3202;
Iordan, s. 25/868;
for-ðan, adv. 41/1422. See nam,
gan, ran.
leman. See Abram.
Madian. See for-ðan, adv., man.
man, s.
bi-gan, pret. 6/188, 7/236, 13/448,
69/2408;
can, v. 76/2650, 82/2872,
97/3426;
Canaan, s. 23/798;
for-ðan, conj. 57/1996;
for-ðan, adv. 86/3028;
forðan, adv. 90/3162;
gan, pret. 116/4080;
Madian, s. 78/2742;
ðan, pron. 80/2792. See Abram,
Chanaan, gan, ðan, wið-
ðan, Moysen.
ouer-man. See can.
Pharan. See gan, ðan.
ran, pret.
gan, pret. 44/1534;
Laban, s. 40/1394.
san, s. (= schond).
wimman, s. 11/374.
Teman. See for-ðan, adv.
ðan, pron.
Abraham, s. 91/3202;
Iordan, s. 25/868;
Page 577
man, s. 14/472;
Pharan, s. 36/1248, 105/3696. See
man.
wapman, s.
bi-gan, pret. 29/1002.
wimman. See forð-ran, san.
wið-ðan, adv.
man, s. 40/1410;
nam, pret. 14/482.
-anc
dranc. See ðhanc.
ranc. See swanc.
swanc, pret.
ranc, pret. 48/1658.
ðhanc, s.
dranc, pret. 48/1660.
-and
fand, ?
land, s. 106/3738.
-ande
specande, pres. p.
lockende, pres. p. 80/2822.
-ane
Pharan, s. 36/1248, 105/3696. See
man.
wapman, s.
bi-gan, pret. 29/1002.
wimman. See forð-ran, san.
wið-ðan, adv.
man, s. 40/1410;
nam, pret. 14/482.
-anc
dranc. See ðhanc.
ranc. See swanc.
swanc, pret.
ranc, pret. 48/1658.
ðhanc, s.
dranc, pret. 48/1660.
-and
fand, ?
land, s. 106/3738.
-ande
specande, pres. p.
lockende, pres. p. 80/2822.
-ane
Page 578
hane. See wane.
wane, a.
hane, 95/3354.
-ar
Agar, s.
bar, pret. 28/966, 36/1250.
bar, pret.
Ysakar, s. 49/1704;
war, a. 38/1308, 42/1462,
59/2062, 62/2150,
113/3966. See Agar,
Cedar, war.
Cedar, s.
bar, pret. 36/1258.
Eleazar, s.
war, a. 117/4112.
Eliazar, s.
or, adv. 116/4092.
Ysakar. See bar.
Putifar, s.
to-bar, pret. 61/2146.
war, a.
bar, pret. 21/722. See bar, Eleazar.
-ard
forward. See hard, on hard, stiward.
wane, a.
hane, 95/3354.
-ar
Agar, s.
bar, pret. 28/966, 36/1250.
bar, pret.
Ysakar, s. 49/1704;
war, a. 38/1308, 42/1462,
59/2062, 62/2150,
113/3966. See Agar,
Cedar, war.
Cedar, s.
bar, pret. 36/1258.
Eleazar, s.
war, a. 117/4112.
Eliazar, s.
or, adv. 116/4092.
Ysakar. See bar.
Putifar, s.
to-bar, pret. 61/2146.
war, a.
bar, pret. 21/722. See bar, Eleazar.
-ard
forward. See hard, on hard, stiward.
Page 579
hard, a.
forward, s. 64/2236, 87/3062,
88/3100. See wiðer-ward.
hard, adv. See heuene-ward.
heuene-ward, adv.
hard, adv. 86/3026.
on hard, pp.
forward, s. 86/3014.
stiward, s.
forward, s. 57/1992, 65/2264.
wiðer-ward, a.
hard, a. 84/2936.
-are
care, s.
fare, s. 41/1434;
gare, adv. 12/390;
lecher-fare, s. 23/776.
chafare, s.
ware, s. 56/1952.
chare, v. sbj. See fare, inf.
fare, s.
gare, adv. 90/3180;
ware, s. 57/1990, 79/2772. See
care.
fare, inf.
chare, v. sbj. 68/2390;
forward, s. 64/2236, 87/3062,
88/3100. See wiðer-ward.
hard, adv. See heuene-ward.
heuene-ward, adv.
hard, adv. 86/3026.
on hard, pp.
forward, s. 86/3014.
stiward, s.
forward, s. 57/1992, 65/2264.
wiðer-ward, a.
hard, a. 84/2936.
-are
care, s.
fare, s. 41/1434;
gare, adv. 12/390;
lecher-fare, s. 23/776.
chafare, s.
ware, s. 56/1952.
chare, v. sbj. See fare, inf.
fare, s.
gare, adv. 90/3180;
ware, s. 57/1990, 79/2772. See
care.
fare, inf.
chare, v. sbj. 68/2390;
Page 580
fare, v. 1 sg. See ware.
gare. See care, fare, s., vt-fare.
lecher-fare. See care.
vt-fare, pres. subj.
gare, a. or adv. 82/2866.
ware, s.
fare, v. 1 sg. 27/930. See chafare,
fare, s.
-aren
baren. See mis-faren, inf.
charen, inf.
ut-faren, inf. 87/3056. See faren,
inf., mis-faren, pp.
charen, v. pl. See faren (both).
faren, inf.
charen, inf. 49/1712, 70/2436,
110/3878;
charen, v. pl. 86/3010;
garen, inf. 5/138, 90/3168. See
garen.
faren, v. pl.
charen, v. pl. 105/3704;
waren, inf. 62/2154.
for-faren, inf.
waren, pret. 31/1088. See vt-
pharen.
gare. See care, fare, s., vt-fare.
lecher-fare. See care.
vt-fare, pres. subj.
gare, a. or adv. 82/2866.
ware, s.
fare, v. 1 sg. 27/930. See chafare,
fare, s.
-aren
baren. See mis-faren, inf.
charen, inf.
ut-faren, inf. 87/3056. See faren,
inf., mis-faren, pp.
charen, v. pl. See faren (both).
faren, inf.
charen, inf. 49/1712, 70/2436,
110/3878;
charen, v. pl. 86/3010;
garen, inf. 5/138, 90/3168. See
garen.
faren, v. pl.
charen, v. pl. 105/3704;
waren, inf. 62/2154.
for-faren, inf.
waren, pret. 31/1088. See vt-
pharen.
Page 581
garen, inf.
faren, inf. 41/1418, 46/1596. See
faren, inf.
mis-faren, inf.
baren, inf. 55/1912.
mis-faren, pp.
charen, inf. 113/3986.
ut-faren. See charen, inf.
vt-pharen, inf.
for-faren, inf. 86/3018, 87/3072.
waren, inf. See faren, v. pl.
waren, pret. See for-faren.
-arp
sarp, a.
warp, pret. 102/3578.
-as
bras, s.
was, pret. 14/462, 14/468,
100/3532, 108/3790. See
was.
Iudas. See was.
was, pret.
bras, s. 111/3898;
Gerasis, s. 41/1432;
Iudas, s. 49/1696. See bras.
faren, inf. 41/1418, 46/1596. See
faren, inf.
mis-faren, inf.
baren, inf. 55/1912.
mis-faren, pp.
charen, inf. 113/3986.
ut-faren. See charen, inf.
vt-pharen, inf.
for-faren, inf. 86/3018, 87/3072.
waren, inf. See faren, v. pl.
waren, pret. See for-faren.
-arp
sarp, a.
warp, pret. 102/3578.
-as
bras, s.
was, pret. 14/462, 14/468,
100/3532, 108/3790. See
was.
Iudas. See was.
was, pret.
bras, s. 111/3898;
Gerasis, s. 41/1432;
Iudas, s. 49/1696. See bras.
Page 582
-asis
Gerasis. See was.
-ast
blast, s.
fast, adv. 100/3522;
gast, s. 6/202. See cast.
brast. See fast.
cast, pret.
blast, s. 98/3464.
fast, adv.
brast, pret. 52/1808. See blast.
gast. See blast.
-at
bat. See sat.
bi-gat, pret.
ðat, pron. 50/1728. See mat, sat,
get, adv.
for-gat. See ðat.
for-quat, adv.
ðat, pron. 34/1180, 59/2054.
mat, a.
bi-gat, pret. 46/1590.
reclefat. See ðat.
Gerasis. See was.
-ast
blast, s.
fast, adv. 100/3522;
gast, s. 6/202. See cast.
brast. See fast.
cast, pret.
blast, s. 98/3464.
fast, adv.
brast, pret. 52/1808. See blast.
gast. See blast.
-at
bat. See sat.
bi-gat, pret.
ðat, pron. 50/1728. See mat, sat,
get, adv.
for-gat. See ðat.
for-quat, adv.
ðat, pron. 34/1180, 59/2054.
mat, a.
bi-gat, pret. 46/1590.
reclefat. See ðat.
Page 583
reklefat, s.
ðat, pron. 107/3762.
sat, s.
bat, pret. 26/882;
bi-gat, pret. 23/796;
ðat, pron. 90/3170.
ðat, pron.
for-gat, pret. 60/2092;
reclefat, s. 107/3782. See bi-gat,
for-quat, reklefat, sat.
-ate
gate, s.
quake, 30/1054.
-að
Galaað. See glað.
glað, a.
Galaað, s. 51/1780.
-ath
Marath, s.
wlath, a. 94/3300.
-aðe
glaðe, a.
scaðe, s. 66/2298.
ðat, pron. 107/3762.
sat, s.
bat, pret. 26/882;
bi-gat, pret. 23/796;
ðat, pron. 90/3170.
ðat, pron.
for-gat, pret. 60/2092;
reclefat, s. 107/3782. See bi-gat,
for-quat, reklefat, sat.
-ate
gate, s.
quake, 30/1054.
-að
Galaað. See glað.
glað, a.
Galaað, s. 51/1780.
-ath
Marath, s.
wlath, a. 94/3300.
-aðe
glaðe, a.
scaðe, s. 66/2298.
Page 584
raðe, adv.
scaðe, s. 66/2314.
scaðe. See glaðe, raðe.
-aue
haue. See knaue.
knaue, s.
haue, inf. 81/2848.
-auen
auen. See grauen, pp.
bi-crauen. See hauen, inf.
caue[n], s.
grauen, pp. 33/1138.
crauen, inf.
hauen, inf. 48/1668. See hauen,
inf.
crauen, v. pl.
hauen, v. pl. 90/3172.
grauen, inf. See hauen, v. pl.,
ðhauen.
grauen, pp.
auen, inf. 43/1512;
hauen, inf. 69/2432. See caue[n].
hauen, inf.
bi-crauen, inf. 40/1388;
scaðe, s. 66/2314.
scaðe. See glaðe, raðe.
-aue
haue. See knaue.
knaue, s.
haue, inf. 81/2848.
-auen
auen. See grauen, pp.
bi-crauen. See hauen, inf.
caue[n], s.
grauen, pp. 33/1138.
crauen, inf.
hauen, inf. 48/1668. See hauen,
inf.
crauen, v. pl.
hauen, v. pl. 90/3172.
grauen, inf. See hauen, v. pl.,
ðhauen.
grauen, pp.
auen, inf. 43/1512;
hauen, inf. 69/2432. See caue[n].
hauen, inf.
bi-crauen, inf. 40/1388;
Page 585
crauen, inf. 38/1320, 40/1408,
49/1718, 68/2366,
89/3116. See crauen, inf.,
grauen, pp., ðauen, inf.
hauen, v. pl.
grauen, inf. 107/3778. See crauen,
v. pl.
ðauen, inf.
hauen, inf. 89/3140.
ðhauen, inf.
grauen, inf. 9/276.
-e
be. See fe, me, paschë, se, s., tre.
bee. See bi-se.
Bersabë. See fre, me.
birðheltre, s.
he, pron. sg. 4/120.
bi-se, v.
bee, v. 116/4108.
ble, s.
he, pron. sg. 14/458;
se, s. 22/750.
Cariatharbë, s.
citë, s. 24/814.
charitë. See fre.
citë, s.
49/1718, 68/2366,
89/3116. See crauen, inf.,
grauen, pp., ðauen, inf.
hauen, v. pl.
grauen, inf. 107/3778. See crauen,
v. pl.
ðauen, inf.
hauen, inf. 89/3140.
ðhauen, inf.
grauen, inf. 9/276.
-e
be. See fe, me, paschë, se, s., tre.
bee. See bi-se.
Bersabë. See fre, me.
birðheltre, s.
he, pron. sg. 4/120.
bi-se, v.
bee, v. 116/4108.
ble, s.
he, pron. sg. 14/458;
se, s. 22/750.
Cariatharbë, s.
citë, s. 24/814.
charitë. See fre.
citë, s.
Page 586
se, s. 76/2670. See Cariatharbë.
Cratonidë, s.
se, s. 42/1450.
Eufratë, s.
se, s. 36/1256.
fe, s.
be, v. 23/784.
he, pron. sg. 13/440;
sre (? fre), a. 58/2018.
fre, a.
Bersabë, s. 37/1274;
charitë, s. 29/1016;
ðre, a. 18/624. See se, s.
he, pron. sg. See birðheltre, ble, fe,
Salë.
he, pron. pl.
ðhre, a. 5/152. See ðre.
Iosuë, s.
ðe, pron. 117/4110.
kne. See Matusalë.
Mambre, s.
ðre, a. 29/1006.
Matusalë, s.
kne, s. 13/444;
Noë, s. 15/516.
me, pron.
be, inf. 98/3448;
be, sbj. 67/2334;
Cratonidë, s.
se, s. 42/1450.
Eufratë, s.
se, s. 36/1256.
fe, s.
be, v. 23/784.
he, pron. sg. 13/440;
sre (? fre), a. 58/2018.
fre, a.
Bersabë, s. 37/1274;
charitë, s. 29/1016;
ðre, a. 18/624. See se, s.
he, pron. sg. See birðheltre, ble, fe,
Salë.
he, pron. pl.
ðhre, a. 5/152. See ðre.
Iosuë, s.
ðe, pron. 117/4110.
kne. See Matusalë.
Mambre, s.
ðre, a. 29/1006.
Matusalë, s.
kne, s. 13/444;
Noë, s. 15/516.
me, pron.
be, inf. 98/3448;
be, sbj. 67/2334;
Page 587
Bersabë, s. 37/1282;
se, s. 92/3238;
ðe, pron. 37/1290, 113/3976;
ðre, a. 60/2078. See ðe.
Noë. See Matusalë, Tharë.
paschë, s.
be, v. 90/3158.
Ramesë. See scitë.
Salë, s.
he, pron. sg. 21/702.
scitë, s.
Ramesë, s. 69/2416.
se, s.
be, inf. 32/1124;
fre, a. 88/3098, 92/3244;
tre, s. 99/3476. See ble, citë,
Cratonidë, Eufratë, me.
se, v. 1 sg.
ðe, pron. 114/4036.
she, pron.
ðe, pron. 55/1926.
sre (for fre). See fe.
Tharë, s.
Noë, s. 21/704.
ðe, pron.
me, pron. 45/1570. See Iosuë, me,
se, v. 1 sg., she.
se, s. 92/3238;
ðe, pron. 37/1290, 113/3976;
ðre, a. 60/2078. See ðe.
Noë. See Matusalë, Tharë.
paschë, s.
be, v. 90/3158.
Ramesë. See scitë.
Salë, s.
he, pron. sg. 21/702.
scitë, s.
Ramesë, s. 69/2416.
se, s.
be, inf. 32/1124;
fre, a. 88/3098, 92/3244;
tre, s. 99/3476. See ble, citë,
Cratonidë, Eufratë, me.
se, v. 1 sg.
ðe, pron. 114/4036.
she, pron.
ðe, pron. 55/1926.
sre (for fre). See fe.
Tharë, s.
Noë, s. 21/704.
ðe, pron.
me, pron. 45/1570. See Iosuë, me,
se, v. 1 sg., she.
Page 588
ðhre. See he, pron. pl.
ðre, a.
he, pron. pl. 30/1034. See fre,
Mambre, me, win-tre.
tre, s.
be, inf. 36/1236. See se, s.
win-tre, s.
ðre, a. 59/2060.
-ead
abead, pret. See dead, s.
a-bead. See dead, a.
b[e]ad, pret.
dead, a. 86/3020, 108/3802.
bead, pret.
dead, s. 31/1060, 96/3384,
116/4086;
dead, a. 88/3106. See bread, dead,
a.
bread, s.
bead, pret. 90/3154, 95/3340;
for-bead, pp. 95/3332.
dead, s. (= dede).
for-bead, pret. 85/2984.
dead, s.
abead, pret. 13/422, 110/3862. See
bead, for-bead, pret.,
ðre, a.
he, pron. pl. 30/1034. See fre,
Mambre, me, win-tre.
tre, s.
be, inf. 36/1236. See se, s.
win-tre, s.
ðre, a. 59/2060.
-ead
abead, pret. See dead, s.
a-bead. See dead, a.
b[e]ad, pret.
dead, a. 86/3020, 108/3802.
bead, pret.
dead, s. 31/1060, 96/3384,
116/4086;
dead, a. 88/3106. See bread, dead,
a.
bread, s.
bead, pret. 90/3154, 95/3340;
for-bead, pp. 95/3332.
dead, s. (= dede).
for-bead, pret. 85/2984.
dead, s.
abead, pret. 13/422, 110/3862. See
bead, for-bead, pret.,
Page 589
qu[e]ad, read, s., for-bed,
red, s.
dead, a.
a-bead, pret. 109/3856;
bead, pret. 71/2494, 79/2768;
read, s. 100/3508;
red, s. 72/2514;
un-red, s. 55/1906. See b[e]ad,
bead, read, a., opened, red,
s.
for-bead, pret.
dead, s. 10/312;
frigti-hed, s. 16/542. See dead, s.
for-bead, pp. See bread.
qu[e]ad, s.
dead, s. 115/4064.
read, s.
dead, s. 104/3664. See dead, a.
read, a.
dead, a. 84/2946.
-eaf
bi-leaf. See leaf.
leaf, s.
bi-leaf, pret. 79/2776.
-eai (= ai)
deai. See a-wei.
red, s.
dead, a.
a-bead, pret. 109/3856;
bead, pret. 71/2494, 79/2768;
read, s. 100/3508;
red, s. 72/2514;
un-red, s. 55/1906. See b[e]ad,
bead, read, a., opened, red,
s.
for-bead, pret.
dead, s. 10/312;
frigti-hed, s. 16/542. See dead, s.
for-bead, pp. See bread.
qu[e]ad, s.
dead, s. 115/4064.
read, s.
dead, s. 104/3664. See dead, a.
read, a.
dead, a. 84/2946.
-eaf
bi-leaf. See leaf.
leaf, s.
bi-leaf, pret. 79/2776.
-eai (= ai)
deai. See a-wei.
Page 590
-eam
bernteam. See eam.
eam, s.
bernteam, s. 106/3748.
-ear
ear, adv.
ðear, adv. 31/1090.
-ech
Amalech, s.
wrech, s. 96/3396.
-ed
bed, s.
for-dred, pp. 85/2974.
bed, pret.
bred, s. 59/2048. See bred, ded.
bred, s.
bed, pret. 29/1014. See bed, pret.
ded, s.
bed, pret. 8/258. See for-bed.
dred, s.
gred, s. 92/3230;
red, s. 76/2672, 87/3044;
sinfulhed, s. 6/180;
bernteam. See eam.
eam, s.
bernteam, s. 106/3748.
-ear
ear, adv.
ðear, adv. 31/1090.
-ech
Amalech, s.
wrech, s. 96/3396.
-ed
bed, s.
for-dred, pp. 85/2974.
bed, pret.
bred, s. 59/2048. See bred, ded.
bred, s.
bed, pret. 29/1014. See bed, pret.
ded, s.
bed, pret. 8/258. See for-bed.
dred, s.
gred, s. 92/3230;
red, s. 76/2672, 87/3044;
sinfulhed, s. 6/180;
Page 591
sped, s. 74/2576. See red, s., sped,
s., reed.
faire-hed. See lechur-hed.
fed, pp.
leð, s. 95/3348.
fetthed, s.
fulsum-hed, s. 45/1548.
for-bed, pret.
dead, s. 38/1330;
ded, s. 7/214.
for-dred, pp.
for-red, pp. 63/2192;
led, pp. 45/1558, 84/2954;
red, s. 108/3808;
sped, pp. 94/3314. See bed, s.
for-red. See for-dred.
frigti-hed. See for-bead, pret., sped,
s.
fulsum-hed. See fetthed.
godefrigtihed, s.
red, s. 15/496.
godfulhed. See reed.
gred, s.
red, s. 106/3718. See dred.
idel-hed. See led, s.
lechur-hed, s.
faire-hed, s. 57/1998.
s., reed.
faire-hed. See lechur-hed.
fed, pp.
leð, s. 95/3348.
fetthed, s.
fulsum-hed, s. 45/1548.
for-bed, pret.
dead, s. 38/1330;
ded, s. 7/214.
for-dred, pp.
for-red, pp. 63/2192;
led, pp. 45/1558, 84/2954;
red, s. 108/3808;
sped, pp. 94/3314. See bed, s.
for-red. See for-dred.
frigti-hed. See for-bead, pret., sped,
s.
fulsum-hed. See fetthed.
godefrigtihed, s.
red, s. 15/496.
godfulhed. See reed.
gred, s.
red, s. 106/3718. See dred.
idel-hed. See led, s.
lechur-hed, s.
faire-hed, s. 57/1998.
Page 592
led, s.
idel-hed, s. 2/28.
led, inf. See red, s.
led, pp.
spred, pp. 19/650. See for-dred,
of-dred.
louerd-hed. See spred.
maiden-hed. See red, s.
manliched, s.
red, s. 1/24.
ned, s.
red, s. 64/2242. See red, s., sped,
s., witter-hed, reed.
of-dred, pp.
led, pp. 112/3956.
opened, pp.
dead, a. 12/388.
red, s.
dead, s. 12/402, 102/3590;
dead, a. 51/1768;
dred, s. 19/660;
led, inf. 115/4060;
maiden-hed, s. 53/1852;
ned, s. 72/2524;
sped, s. 8/240, 9/310, 46/1598,
50/1738, 56/1950,
61/2138, 73/2548,
83/2922, 108/3820,
115/4048. See dead, a.,
dred, for-dred,
idel-hed, s. 2/28.
led, inf. See red, s.
led, pp.
spred, pp. 19/650. See for-dred,
of-dred.
louerd-hed. See spred.
maiden-hed. See red, s.
manliched, s.
red, s. 1/24.
ned, s.
red, s. 64/2242. See red, s., sped,
s., witter-hed, reed.
of-dred, pp.
led, pp. 112/3956.
opened, pp.
dead, a. 12/388.
red, s.
dead, s. 12/402, 102/3590;
dead, a. 51/1768;
dred, s. 19/660;
led, inf. 115/4060;
maiden-hed, s. 53/1852;
ned, s. 72/2524;
sped, s. 8/240, 9/310, 46/1598,
50/1738, 56/1950,
61/2138, 73/2548,
83/2922, 108/3820,
115/4048. See dead, a.,
dred, for-dred,
Page 593
godefrigtihed, gred,
manliched, ned, sed, sped,
s., sped, inf., tamehed,
wurðfulhed.
red, inf.
sped, s. 81/2830.
rigt-wished. See sped, s.
sed, s.
red, s. 46/1614;
sped, s. 4/122.
sinfulhed. See dred.
sped, s.
dred, s. 54/1880;
frigtihed, s. 64/2222;
ned, s. 1/26;
red, s. 31/1084, 85/2996,
112/3930;
reed, s. 35/1222;
rigt-wished, s. 27/936. See dred,
red, s., red, inf., sed.
sped, inf.
red, s. 46/1586.
sped, pp. See for-dred.
spred, pp.
louerd-hed, s. 24/832, See led, pp.
tamehed, s.
red, s. 43/1486.
un-red. See dead, a.
manliched, ned, sed, sped,
s., sped, inf., tamehed,
wurðfulhed.
red, inf.
sped, s. 81/2830.
rigt-wished. See sped, s.
sed, s.
red, s. 46/1614;
sped, s. 4/122.
sinfulhed. See dred.
sped, s.
dred, s. 54/1880;
frigtihed, s. 64/2222;
ned, s. 1/26;
red, s. 31/1084, 85/2996,
112/3930;
reed, s. 35/1222;
rigt-wished, s. 27/936. See dred,
red, s., red, inf., sed.
sped, inf.
red, s. 46/1586.
sped, pp. See for-dred.
spred, pp.
louerd-hed, s. 24/832, See led, pp.
tamehed, s.
red, s. 43/1486.
un-red. See dead, a.
Page 594
ut-led, pp.
ut-sped, pp. 90/3178.
witter-hed, s.
ned, s. 104/3668.
wurðfulhed, s.
red, s. 99/3500.
-ede
bede, s.
dede, pret. 19/632;
stede, s. 85/2982, 104/3654,
107/3772.
child-hede. See dede, pret.
dede, s. See stede.
dede, pret.
child-hede, s. 76/2652;
estdede, s. 79/2758;
mide, adv. 71/2478;
ride, s. 112/3950;
stede, s. 7/212, 20/680, 26/884,
38/1336, 54/1882,
54/1888, 69/2414,
94/3302, 117/4116;
ðor-mide, adv. 76/2656. See bede,
quede, stede, mide.
estdede. See dede, pret.
for-dede. See stede.
mis-dede, pret.
stede, s. 53/1848.
ut-sped, pp. 90/3178.
witter-hed, s.
ned, s. 104/3668.
wurðfulhed, s.
red, s. 99/3500.
-ede
bede, s.
dede, pret. 19/632;
stede, s. 85/2982, 104/3654,
107/3772.
child-hede. See dede, pret.
dede, s. See stede.
dede, pret.
child-hede, s. 76/2652;
estdede, s. 79/2758;
mide, adv. 71/2478;
ride, s. 112/3950;
stede, s. 7/212, 20/680, 26/884,
38/1336, 54/1882,
54/1888, 69/2414,
94/3302, 117/4116;
ðor-mide, adv. 76/2656. See bede,
quede, stede, mide.
estdede. See dede, pret.
for-dede. See stede.
mis-dede, pret.
stede, s. 53/1848.
Page 595
quede, s.
dede, pret. 42/1464.
stede, s.
dede, s. 15/502;
dede, pret. 2/42, 4/118, 18/606,
21/724, 22/762, 37/1298,
37/1302, 50/1742,
54/1896, 56/1948,
57/1986, 70/2468,
75/2630, 75/2638,
91/3204, 95/3346,
110/3890, 114/4016,
117/4140;
for-dede, pret. 13/426. See bede,
dede, pret., mis-dede,
undede, vn-dede, deden,
queðe.
undede, pret.
stede, s. 17/582.
vn-dede, pret.
stede, s. 84/2956.
wech-dede. See mide.
-eden
beden. See deden.
deden, pret. pl.
beden, pp. 63/2212;
stede, s. 94/3296;
stede[n], s. 101/3552;
steden, s. sg. 32/1114. See steden,
s. pl., abiden.
dede, pret. 42/1464.
stede, s.
dede, s. 15/502;
dede, pret. 2/42, 4/118, 18/606,
21/724, 22/762, 37/1298,
37/1302, 50/1742,
54/1896, 56/1948,
57/1986, 70/2468,
75/2630, 75/2638,
91/3204, 95/3346,
110/3890, 114/4016,
117/4140;
for-dede, pret. 13/426. See bede,
dede, pret., mis-dede,
undede, vn-dede, deden,
queðe.
undede, pret.
stede, s. 17/582.
vn-dede, pret.
stede, s. 84/2956.
wech-dede. See mide.
-eden
beden. See deden.
deden, pret. pl.
beden, pp. 63/2212;
stede, s. 94/3296;
stede[n], s. 101/3552;
steden, s. sg. 32/1114. See steden,
s. pl., abiden.
Page 596
leden, inf.
ðeden, s. pl. 66/2302. See speden.
speden, inf.
leden, inf. 66/2304.
stede[n]. See deden.
steden, s. sg. See deden.
steden, s. pl.
deden, pret. pl. 98/3442.
ðeden, s. pl. See leden.
ðeden, adv.
queðen, inf. 51/1792.
-eed
reed, s.
dred, s. 20/694;
godfulhed, s. 2/56;
ned, s. 36/1242. See sped, s.
-een
seen. See ben, inf.
teen. See a-gen, adv.
treen. See ben, inf.
-eet
neet, s. pl.
gret, a. 60/2098.
ðeden, s. pl. 66/2302. See speden.
speden, inf.
leden, inf. 66/2304.
stede[n]. See deden.
steden, s. sg. See deden.
steden, s. pl.
deden, pret. pl. 98/3442.
ðeden, s. pl. See leden.
ðeden, adv.
queðen, inf. 51/1792.
-eed
reed, s.
dred, s. 20/694;
godfulhed, s. 2/56;
ned, s. 36/1242. See sped, s.
-een
seen. See ben, inf.
teen. See a-gen, adv.
treen. See ben, inf.
-eet
neet, s. pl.
gret, a. 60/2098.
Page 597
-ef
Calef, s.
lef, a. 106/3740;
ref, a. 106/3726.
dref. See lef.
lef, a.
dref, s. 118/4144. See Calef, ðef.
ref. See Calef.
ðef, s.
lef, a. 51/1774.
-eg
bi-teg. See dreg.
dreg, pret.
bi-teg, pret. 82/2878;
fleg, pret. 13/430. See heg.
fleg, pret.
teg, pret. 104/3644. See dreg, teg.
heg, a.
dreg, pret. 17/566;
ðeg, pret. 58/2012. See ðheg.
neg. See on-dreg.
on-dreg, adv.
neg, adv. 94/3320.
steg, pret.
teg, pret. 10/320.
Calef, s.
lef, a. 106/3740;
ref, a. 106/3726.
dref. See lef.
lef, a.
dref, s. 118/4144. See Calef, ðef.
ref. See Calef.
ðef, s.
lef, a. 51/1774.
-eg
bi-teg. See dreg.
dreg, pret.
bi-teg, pret. 82/2878;
fleg, pret. 13/430. See heg.
fleg, pret.
teg, pret. 104/3644. See dreg, teg.
heg, a.
dreg, pret. 17/566;
ðeg, pret. 58/2012. See ðheg.
neg. See on-dreg.
on-dreg, adv.
neg, adv. 94/3320.
steg, pret.
teg, pret. 10/320.
Page 598
teg, pret.
fleg, pret. 33/1136. See fleg, steg.
ðeg. See heg.
ðheg, pret.
heg, a. 79/2780.
-ei, -ey
a-wei, adv.
deai, s. 25/862. See dai, grei.
dei, s.
weila-wei, int. 60/2088.
grei, a.
a-wei, adv. 50/1724.
wei, s.
dai, s. 41/1430. See dai.
wey. See day.
weila-wei. See dei.
-eid
leid, pp.
seid, pp. 69/2428. See seid.
seid, pp.
leid, pp. 69/2426. See leid.
-eim
greim. See swem.
fleg, pret. 33/1136. See fleg, steg.
ðeg. See heg.
ðheg, pret.
heg, a. 79/2780.
-ei, -ey
a-wei, adv.
deai, s. 25/862. See dai, grei.
dei, s.
weila-wei, int. 60/2088.
grei, a.
a-wei, adv. 50/1724.
wei, s.
dai, s. 41/1430. See dai.
wey. See day.
weila-wei. See dei.
-eid
leid, pp.
seid, pp. 69/2428. See seid.
seid, pp.
leid, pp. 69/2426. See leid.
-eim
greim. See swem.
Page 599
-ein
a-gein, postp.
rein, s. 95/3326.
-eken
bi-speken, pret. pl.
i-wreken, pp. 53/1856.
breken, sbj. pres.
wreken, sbj. pres. 90/3148.
i-wreken. See bi-speken.
reken, a.
speken, inf. 99/3486.
speken, inf.
vnsteken, inf. 81/2828;
wreken, inf. 99/3474;
wreken, pp. 58/2028. See reken,
vn-reken, wreken, pp.
vn-reken, a.
speken, inf. 80/2818.
vnsteken. See speken.
weken. See wreken, pp.
wreken, inf. See speken.
wreken, sbj. pres. See breken.
wreken, pp.
speken, inf. 87/3068;
weken, pp. 93/3282. See speken.
a-gein, postp.
rein, s. 95/3326.
-eken
bi-speken, pret. pl.
i-wreken, pp. 53/1856.
breken, sbj. pres.
wreken, sbj. pres. 90/3148.
i-wreken. See bi-speken.
reken, a.
speken, inf. 99/3486.
speken, inf.
vnsteken, inf. 81/2828;
wreken, inf. 99/3474;
wreken, pp. 58/2028. See reken,
vn-reken, wreken, pp.
vn-reken, a.
speken, inf. 80/2818.
vnsteken. See speken.
weken. See wreken, pp.
wreken, inf. See speken.
wreken, sbj. pres. See breken.
wreken, pp.
speken, inf. 87/3068;
weken, pp. 93/3282. See speken.
Page 600
-el
Abel. See sel.
Anel, s.
wel, adv. 24/822, 25/866.
Batuel. See sel.
Beseël, s.
wel, adv. 100/3534.
Besseleël, s.
wel, adv. 103/3622.
Betel, s.
sel, s. 54/1866;
wel, adv. 47/1632, 54/1884.
del, s.
wel, adv. 17/568, 26/896,
92/3240, 96/3378,
112/3934. See Israel, mel,
wel.
hostel, s.
kamel, s. 40/1398.
Ysmael, s.
mel, s. 36/1246;
sel, s. 35/1204, 35/1224;
wel, adv. 36/1266, 42/1456.
Israel, s.
del, s. 98/3450;
Phanuel, s. 52/1820;
wel, adv. 52/1816, 68/2382,
82/2864, 92/3246,
Abel. See sel.
Anel, s.
wel, adv. 24/822, 25/866.
Batuel. See sel.
Beseël, s.
wel, adv. 100/3534.
Besseleël, s.
wel, adv. 103/3622.
Betel, s.
sel, s. 54/1866;
wel, adv. 47/1632, 54/1884.
del, s.
wel, adv. 17/568, 26/896,
92/3240, 96/3378,
112/3934. See Israel, mel,
wel.
hostel, s.
kamel, s. 40/1398.
Ysmael, s.
mel, s. 36/1246;
sel, s. 35/1204, 35/1224;
wel, adv. 36/1266, 42/1456.
Israel, s.
del, s. 98/3450;
Phanuel, s. 52/1820;
wel, adv. 52/1816, 68/2382,
82/2864, 92/3246,
Page 601
96/3374, 96/3392,
114/4024, 118/4150,
118/4152. See sel, wel.
Ysrael, s.
wel, adv. 88/3108, 96/3382. See
wel.
kamel, s.
wel, adv. 40/1380. See hostel.
mel, s.
del, s. 43/1510. See Ysmael, sel,
wel.
Michael, s.
wel, adv. 103/3610.
ostel. See wel.
Phanuel, s.
wel, adv. 52/1822. See Israel.
Rachel s.
wel, adv. 48/1670, 48/1684. See
wel.
sel s.
Abel, s. 13/418;
Batuel, s. 39/1376;
Israel, s. 115/4066;
mel, s. 59/2052;
sumdel, adv. 79/2770;
wel, adv. 32/1096, 43/1504,
44/1546, 73/2542. See
Betel, Ysmael, wel.
Smael. See wel.
114/4024, 118/4150,
118/4152. See sel, wel.
Ysrael, s.
wel, adv. 88/3108, 96/3382. See
wel.
kamel, s.
wel, adv. 40/1380. See hostel.
mel, s.
del, s. 43/1510. See Ysmael, sel,
wel.
Michael, s.
wel, adv. 103/3610.
ostel. See wel.
Phanuel, s.
wel, adv. 52/1822. See Israel.
Rachel s.
wel, adv. 48/1670, 48/1684. See
wel.
sel s.
Abel, s. 13/418;
Batuel, s. 39/1376;
Israel, s. 115/4066;
mel, s. 59/2052;
sumdel, adv. 79/2770;
wel, adv. 32/1096, 43/1504,
44/1546, 73/2542. See
Betel, Ysmael, wel.
Smael. See wel.
Page 602
sumdel. See sel.
wel, adv.
del, s. 7/230, 27/914, 31/1062,
32/1092, 38/1324,
41/1444, 58/2010,
83/2906, 97/3422,
113/3988, 114/4014;
Israel, s. 97/3406;
Ysrael, s. 53/1846, 104/3678;
mel, s. 30/1020, 43/1484,
44/1542, 69/2412;
ostel, s. 31/1056, 44/1522;
Rachel, s. 47/1646;
sel, s. 27/928, 30/1032, 34/1184,
68/2388, 74/2582,
99/3502;
Smael, s. 28/982;
wel, adv. 66/2300. See Anel,
Beseël, Besseleël, Betel,
del, Ysmael, Israel, Ysrael,
kamel, Michael, Phanuel,
Rachel, sel.
-eld
for-held. See tgeld.
tgeld, s.
for-held, pret. 5/2026.
-ele
for-hele. See stele.
stele, v. sbj.
wel, adv.
del, s. 7/230, 27/914, 31/1062,
32/1092, 38/1324,
41/1444, 58/2010,
83/2906, 97/3422,
113/3988, 114/4014;
Israel, s. 97/3406;
Ysrael, s. 53/1846, 104/3678;
mel, s. 30/1020, 43/1484,
44/1542, 69/2412;
ostel, s. 31/1056, 44/1522;
Rachel, s. 47/1646;
sel, s. 27/928, 30/1032, 34/1184,
68/2388, 74/2582,
99/3502;
Smael, s. 28/982;
wel, adv. 66/2300. See Anel,
Beseël, Besseleël, Betel,
del, Ysmael, Israel, Ysrael,
kamel, Michael, Phanuel,
Rachel, sel.
-eld
for-held. See tgeld.
tgeld, s.
for-held, pret. 5/2026.
-ele
for-hele. See stele.
stele, v. sbj.
Page 603
for-hele, v. sbj. 100/3512.
-elen
for-helen, inf.
stelen, inf. 74/2594.
helen. See stelen.
stelen, inf.
helen, inf. 30/1036. See for-helen.
-ellen
tellen, inf.
welle[n], s. 79/2756.
-em
bem. See drem.
berem-tem, s.
Ierusalem, s. 111/3904.
beren-tem. See drem.
drem, s.
bem, s. 46/1606;
beren-tem, s. 28/954;
em, s. 51/1758;
strem, s. 60/2096.
em. See drem.
gem. See rem.
hem. See Sichem, Effraym.
-elen
for-helen, inf.
stelen, inf. 74/2594.
helen. See stelen.
stelen, inf.
helen, inf. 30/1036. See for-helen.
-ellen
tellen, inf.
welle[n], s. 79/2756.
-em
bem. See drem.
berem-tem, s.
Ierusalem, s. 111/3904.
beren-tem. See drem.
drem, s.
bem, s. 46/1606;
beren-tem, s. 28/954;
em, s. 51/1758;
strem, s. 60/2096.
em. See drem.
gem. See rem.
hem. See Sichem, Effraym.
Page 604
Ierusalem. See berem-tem.
rem, s.
gem, s. 75/2614. See swem.
Salem. See Sem, Sichem.
Sem, s.
Salem, s. 26/904.
Sichem, s.
hem, pron. pl. 54/1872, 55/1930;
Salem, s. 53/1842.
strem. See drem.
swem, s.
greim, s. 12/392;
rem, s. 56/1962.
-en
a-gen, (agen) adv.
ben, inf. 12/406, 28/980, 46/1616,
59/2072, 67/2338,
75/2624, 93/3268,
98/3436, 106/3734,
115/4046;
ben, v. pl. 67/2350, 92/3228,
106/3720;
gon, inf. 107/3770;
leten, inf. 101/3544;
sen, inf. 32/1098, 56/1960,
80/2794, 80/2812,
109/3834, 112/3946;
teen, inf. 39/1344;
ten, inf. 81/2850;
under-gon, inf. 33/1160;
rem, s.
gem, s. 75/2614. See swem.
Salem. See Sem, Sichem.
Sem, s.
Salem, s. 26/904.
Sichem, s.
hem, pron. pl. 54/1872, 55/1930;
Salem, s. 53/1842.
strem. See drem.
swem, s.
greim, s. 12/392;
rem, s. 56/1962.
-en
a-gen, (agen) adv.
ben, inf. 12/406, 28/980, 46/1616,
59/2072, 67/2338,
75/2624, 93/3268,
98/3436, 106/3734,
115/4046;
ben, v. pl. 67/2350, 92/3228,
106/3720;
gon, inf. 107/3770;
leten, inf. 101/3544;
sen, inf. 32/1098, 56/1960,
80/2794, 80/2812,
109/3834, 112/3946;
teen, inf. 39/1344;
ten, inf. 81/2850;
under-gon, inf. 33/1160;
Page 605
vt-ten, inf. 114/4004. See ben, inf.,
ben, v. pl., sen, inf.
agen, postp.
sen, inf. 116/4076. See Moysen,
neðer-ten, sen, inf. (= say),
sen, inf., ston.
amen. See bi-twen, men.
ben, inf.
agen, adv. 18/604, 64/2250,
77/2708, 82/2884;
bi-twen, postp. 51/1776, 69/2406;
flen, inf. 7/218, 31/1086, 92/3224;
Moysen, s. 97/3428;
quuen, s. 9/296;
seen, inf. 70/2438;
sen, inf. 12/394, 28/956, 39/1370,
47/1626, 47/1630,
52/1810, 61/2130,
75/2628, 86/3030,
86/3036, 87/3042,
94/3316;
sen, pp. 30/1030;
ten, inf. 27/934;
tgen, v. 109/3824;
ðen, inf. 45/1550;
treen, s. pl. 37/1278. See a-gen,
adv., bi-sen, inf., bi-sen,
pp., bi-twen, flen, inf.,
flen, v. pl., Gersen, men,
Moysen, sen, inf., sren,
ten, inf., ðen, inf., ðor-gen,
wen.
ben, v. pl.
a-gen, adv. 105/3706;
ben, v. pl., sen, inf.
agen, postp.
sen, inf. 116/4076. See Moysen,
neðer-ten, sen, inf. (= say),
sen, inf., ston.
amen. See bi-twen, men.
ben, inf.
agen, adv. 18/604, 64/2250,
77/2708, 82/2884;
bi-twen, postp. 51/1776, 69/2406;
flen, inf. 7/218, 31/1086, 92/3224;
Moysen, s. 97/3428;
quuen, s. 9/296;
seen, inf. 70/2438;
sen, inf. 12/394, 28/956, 39/1370,
47/1626, 47/1630,
52/1810, 61/2130,
75/2628, 86/3030,
86/3036, 87/3042,
94/3316;
sen, pp. 30/1030;
ten, inf. 27/934;
tgen, v. 109/3824;
ðen, inf. 45/1550;
treen, s. pl. 37/1278. See a-gen,
adv., bi-sen, inf., bi-sen,
pp., bi-twen, flen, inf.,
flen, v. pl., Gersen, men,
Moysen, sen, inf., sren,
ten, inf., ðen, inf., ðor-gen,
wen.
ben, v. pl.
a-gen, adv. 105/3706;
Page 606
bi-sen, inf. 97/3414;
bi-ten, v. pl. 103/3626;
flen, v. pl. 97/3432;
sen, inf. 9/298, 33/1130, 62/2170,
62/2178;
sen, v. pl. 6/140;
ðen, v. pl. 33/1128. See a-gen,
adv., flen, v. pl., Ramesen,
sen, inf., sen, v. pl., steres-
men, ðor bi-twen, in.
ben, v. sbj. sg. See sen, inf.
bimen. See Moysen, Moyses.
bi-sen, inf.
ben, inf. 38/1314, 61/2142. See
ben, v. pl.
bi-sen, pp.
ben, inf. 41/1412.
bi-ten. See ben, v. pl.
bi-twen, postp.
amen, int. 72/2536;
ben, inf. 8/252, 55/1928;
ben, v. pl. 46/1602;
sen, inf. 76/2664. See ben, inf.,
men, Moysen, sen, inf.
chapmen. See ten, a.
Eden, s.
men, s. pl. 13/434.
Egipcien, s.
sen, inf. 88/3104;
sen, pp. 78/2720.
bi-ten, v. pl. 103/3626;
flen, v. pl. 97/3432;
sen, inf. 9/298, 33/1130, 62/2170,
62/2178;
sen, v. pl. 6/140;
ðen, v. pl. 33/1128. See a-gen,
adv., flen, v. pl., Ramesen,
sen, inf., sen, v. pl., steres-
men, ðor bi-twen, in.
ben, v. sbj. sg. See sen, inf.
bimen. See Moysen, Moyses.
bi-sen, inf.
ben, inf. 38/1314, 61/2142. See
ben, v. pl.
bi-sen, pp.
ben, inf. 41/1412.
bi-ten. See ben, v. pl.
bi-twen, postp.
amen, int. 72/2536;
ben, inf. 8/252, 55/1928;
ben, v. pl. 46/1602;
sen, inf. 76/2664. See ben, inf.,
men, Moysen, sen, inf.
chapmen. See ten, a.
Eden, s.
men, s. pl. 13/434.
Egipcien, s.
sen, inf. 88/3104;
sen, pp. 78/2720.
Page 607
fen. See men.
flen, inf.
ben, inf. 26/876;
ten, inf. 113/3968;
then, inf. 44/1514. See ben, inf.,
wen.
flen, v. pl.
ben, inf. 77/2686;
ben, v. pl. 116/4074;
ten, v. pl. 25/856. See ben, v. pl.,
Moysen.
forsweðen. See seien.
hore-men. See Moysen.
Gersen, s.
ben, inf. 67/2354;
men, s. pl. 77/2710, 84/2950,
87/3052, 89/3122. See
hirde-men, men.
herte-bren. See men.
hirde-men, s. pl.
Gersen, s. 68/2396.
hore-men. See Moysen.
kinnes-men. See Moysen.
len. See s[l]en.
leten. See a-gen, adv.
men, s. pl.
amen, int. 118/4162;
flen, inf.
ben, inf. 26/876;
ten, inf. 113/3968;
then, inf. 44/1514. See ben, inf.,
wen.
flen, v. pl.
ben, inf. 77/2686;
ben, v. pl. 116/4074;
ten, v. pl. 25/856. See ben, v. pl.,
Moysen.
forsweðen. See seien.
hore-men. See Moysen.
Gersen, s.
ben, inf. 67/2354;
men, s. pl. 77/2710, 84/2950,
87/3052, 89/3122. See
hirde-men, men.
herte-bren. See men.
hirde-men, s. pl.
Gersen, s. 68/2396.
hore-men. See Moysen.
kinnes-men. See Moysen.
len. See s[l]en.
leten. See a-gen, adv.
men, s. pl.
amen, int. 118/4162;
Page 608
ben, inf. 72/2534;
bi-twen, postp. 1/8;
fen, s. 15/490;
Gersen, s. 68/2364;
herte-bren, s. 115/4054;
ren, (?) 91/3218;
ten, a. 107/3752;
wimmen, s. pl. 90/3176. See
Eden, Gersen, ren,
wimmen.
Moysen, s.
agen, postp. 85/3002;
ben, inf. 75/2632, 83/2910,
89/3134, 96/3394,
103/3630;
bimen, s. 82/2894;
bi-men, s. 104/3660;
bi-twen, postp. 100/3524;
flen, v. pl. 89/3118;
hore-men, s. pl. 115/4072;
kinnes-men, s. pl. 97/3400;
man, s. 88/3110;
sen, inf. 101/3554. See ben, inf.
neðer-ten, inf.
a-gen, postp. 101/3568.
quuen. See ben, inf.
Ramesen, s.
ben, v. pl. 73/2554.
ren, s.
men, s. pl. 1/2. See men.
seien, inf.
forsweðen, inf. 33/1140.
bi-twen, postp. 1/8;
fen, s. 15/490;
Gersen, s. 68/2364;
herte-bren, s. 115/4054;
ren, (?) 91/3218;
ten, a. 107/3752;
wimmen, s. pl. 90/3176. See
Eden, Gersen, ren,
wimmen.
Moysen, s.
agen, postp. 85/3002;
ben, inf. 75/2632, 83/2910,
89/3134, 96/3394,
103/3630;
bimen, s. 82/2894;
bi-men, s. 104/3660;
bi-twen, postp. 100/3524;
flen, v. pl. 89/3118;
hore-men, s. pl. 115/4072;
kinnes-men, s. pl. 97/3400;
man, s. 88/3110;
sen, inf. 101/3554. See ben, inf.
neðer-ten, inf.
a-gen, postp. 101/3568.
quuen. See ben, inf.
Ramesen, s.
ben, v. pl. 73/2554.
ren, s.
men, s. pl. 1/2. See men.
seien, inf.
forsweðen, inf. 33/1140.
Page 609
sen, inf. (= say).
a-gen, postp. 52/1796;
sen, inf.
agen, adv. 106/3724;
a-gen, postp. 58/2030, 113/3980;
ben, inf. 7/226, 29/1012, 39/1374,
45/1560, 45/1572,
55/1924, 57/1972,
57/1980, 69/2420,
76/2660, 83/2928,
89/3136, 91/3212,
107/3764, 116/4102;
ben, v. pl. 9/280, 81/2834,
84/2942, 93/3258,
105/3700;
ben, v. sbj. sg. 48/1664;
bi-twen, postp. 103/3616;
ten, inf. 36/1238. See a-gen, adv.,
agen, postp., ben, inf., ben,
v. pl., bi-twen, Egipcien,
Moysen, tren.
sen, v. pl.
ben, v. pl. 102/3594. See ben, v.
pl.
sen, pp. See ben, inf., Egipcien,
wen.
s[l]en, inf.
len, s. 81/2838.
slen, inf.
ðor agen, adv. 106/3730.
sren (for fren), inf.
ben, inf. 32/1104.
a-gen, postp. 52/1796;
sen, inf.
agen, adv. 106/3724;
a-gen, postp. 58/2030, 113/3980;
ben, inf. 7/226, 29/1012, 39/1374,
45/1560, 45/1572,
55/1924, 57/1972,
57/1980, 69/2420,
76/2660, 83/2928,
89/3136, 91/3212,
107/3764, 116/4102;
ben, v. pl. 9/280, 81/2834,
84/2942, 93/3258,
105/3700;
ben, v. sbj. sg. 48/1664;
bi-twen, postp. 103/3616;
ten, inf. 36/1238. See a-gen, adv.,
agen, postp., ben, inf., ben,
v. pl., bi-twen, Egipcien,
Moysen, tren.
sen, v. pl.
ben, v. pl. 102/3594. See ben, v.
pl.
sen, pp. See ben, inf., Egipcien,
wen.
s[l]en, inf.
len, s. 81/2838.
slen, inf.
ðor agen, adv. 106/3730.
sren (for fren), inf.
ben, inf. 32/1104.
Page 610
steres-men, s. pl.
ben, v. pl. 97/3430;
tgen, a. 97/3418.
ten, a.
chapmen, s. pl. 56/1956. See men.
ten, inf.
ben, inf. 55/1914, 56/1954,
86/3006. See a-gen, adv.,
ben, inf., flen, inf., sen, inf.
ten, v. pl. See flen, v. pl.
tgen, v. See ben, inf.
tgen, a. See steres-men.
then. See flen, inf.
ðen, inf.
ben, inf. 5/164, 23/804, 76/2646,
114/4008. See ben, inf.
ðen, v. pl. See ben, v. pl.
ðor agen. See slen.
ðor bi-twen, adv.
ben, v. pl. 63/2204.
ðor-gen, adv.
ben, inf. 80/2798.
tren, s. pl.
sen, inf. 94/3306.
vt-ten. See a-gen, adv.
wapmen, s. pl.
ben, v. pl. 97/3430;
tgen, a. 97/3418.
ten, a.
chapmen, s. pl. 56/1956. See men.
ten, inf.
ben, inf. 55/1914, 56/1954,
86/3006. See a-gen, adv.,
ben, inf., flen, inf., sen, inf.
ten, v. pl. See flen, v. pl.
tgen, v. See ben, inf.
tgen, a. See steres-men.
then. See flen, inf.
ðen, inf.
ben, inf. 5/164, 23/804, 76/2646,
114/4008. See ben, inf.
ðen, v. pl. See ben, v. pl.
ðor agen. See slen.
ðor bi-twen, adv.
ben, v. pl. 63/2204.
ðor-gen, adv.
ben, inf. 80/2798.
tren, s. pl.
sen, inf. 94/3306.
vt-ten. See a-gen, adv.
wapmen, s. pl.
Page 611
wimmen, s. pl. 88/3076.
wen, s.
ben, inf. 108/3810;
flen, inf. 93/3272;
sen, pp. 3/74.
wimmen, s. pl.
men, s. pl. 19/654. See men,
wapmen.
-ende
lockende. See specande.
-eng
streng, s.
under-feng, pret. 14/480.
-ent
bi-ment. See went.
brent. See sent.
firmament, s.
sent, pp. 3/96;
went, pp. 5/136.
present, s.
sent, pp. 53/1832, 65/2274.
ſent. See went.
sent, pp.
brent, pp. 19/642;
wen, s.
ben, inf. 108/3810;
flen, inf. 93/3272;
sen, pp. 3/74.
wimmen, s. pl.
men, s. pl. 19/654. See men,
wapmen.
-ende
lockende. See specande.
-eng
streng, s.
under-feng, pret. 14/480.
-ent
bi-ment. See went.
brent. See sent.
firmament, s.
sent, pp. 3/96;
went, pp. 5/136.
present, s.
sent, pp. 53/1832, 65/2274.
ſent. See went.
sent, pp.
brent, pp. 19/642;
Page 612
went, pp. 74/2600, 82/2896. See
firmament, present,
ðusent, went.
shent. See went.
ðusent, s.
sent, pp. 16/528.
went, pp.
bi-ment, pp. 63/2202;
ſent, pp. 71/2490;
sent, pp. 66/2312;
shent, pp. 22/754. See firmament,
sent.
-eon
ageon. See Seon.
Seon, s.
ageon, postp. 111/3912.
-ep
dep. See slep.
Iosep, s.
wep, s. 67/2328.
kep, s.
lep, pret. 78/2726;
sep, s. 27/940, 38/1334, 50/1740.
See sep, slep.
lep. See kep.
firmament, present,
ðusent, went.
shent. See went.
ðusent, s.
sent, pp. 16/528.
went, pp.
bi-ment, pp. 63/2202;
ſent, pp. 71/2490;
sent, pp. 66/2312;
shent, pp. 22/754. See firmament,
sent.
-eon
ageon. See Seon.
Seon, s.
ageon, postp. 111/3912.
-ep
dep. See slep.
Iosep, s.
wep, s. 67/2328.
kep, s.
lep, pret. 78/2726;
sep, s. 27/940, 38/1334, 50/1740.
See sep, slep.
lep. See kep.
Page 613
sep, s.
kep, s. 49/1720, 78/2746,
89/3112. See kep.
slep, pret.
dep, a. 56/1942;
kep, s. 28/968.
swep. See Ioseph.
wep, s. See Iosep, wep, pret.
wep, pret.
wep, s. 110/3888.
-eph (= ep).
Caleph, s.
weph, s. 116/4096.
Ioseph, s.
swep, s. 60/2086.
weph. See Caleph.
-er
Ader, s.
ðer, adv. 54/1890.
alter, s.
der, s. 114/4020;
ðer, adv. 101/3550.
Asser. See ber.
aucter. See der.
kep, s. 49/1720, 78/2746,
89/3112. See kep.
slep, pret.
dep, a. 56/1942;
kep, s. 28/968.
swep. See Ioseph.
wep, s. See Iosep, wep, pret.
wep, pret.
wep, s. 110/3888.
-eph (= ep).
Caleph, s.
weph, s. 116/4096.
Ioseph, s.
swep, s. 60/2086.
weph. See Caleph.
-er
Ader, s.
ðer, adv. 54/1890.
alter, s.
der, s. 114/4020;
ðer, adv. 101/3550.
Asser. See ber.
aucter. See der.
Page 614
ber, pret.
Asser, s. 49/1702.
buteler, s.
ðer, adv. 61/2116.
butuler, s.
her, adv. 59/2056.
der, s.
aucter, s. 18/612;
her, adv. 6/170, 6/184, 9/300,
57/1976, 114/4026;
ner, adv. 14/478. See alter, her,
ner.
Eliezer, s.
fer, adv. 39/1360. See ner, ðer.
fer, a.
ner, adv. 105/3694, 107/3786.
fer, adv. See Eliezer.
ger, s.
her, adv. 30/1022, 48/1686,
49/1716, 50/1732,
70/2464, 106/3744;
mester, s. 16/532, 16/536;
ner, adv. 42/1460;
Syon-gaber, s. 105/3698;
ðer, adv. 91/3200. See her, ner,
ðor.
her, adv.
der, s. 6/178;
ger, s. 5/150, 27/918, 42/1478,
49/1710. See butuler, der,
ger.
Asser, s. 49/1702.
buteler, s.
ðer, adv. 61/2116.
butuler, s.
her, adv. 59/2056.
der, s.
aucter, s. 18/612;
her, adv. 6/170, 6/184, 9/300,
57/1976, 114/4026;
ner, adv. 14/478. See alter, her,
ner.
Eliezer, s.
fer, adv. 39/1360. See ner, ðer.
fer, a.
ner, adv. 105/3694, 107/3786.
fer, adv. See Eliezer.
ger, s.
her, adv. 30/1022, 48/1686,
49/1716, 50/1732,
70/2464, 106/3744;
mester, s. 16/532, 16/536;
ner, adv. 42/1460;
Syon-gaber, s. 105/3698;
ðer, adv. 91/3200. See her, ner,
ðor.
her, adv.
der, s. 6/178;
ger, s. 5/150, 27/918, 42/1478,
49/1710. See butuler, der,
ger.
Page 615
mester. See ger.
ner, adv. or postp.
der, s. 14/474;
Eliezer, s. 40/1396;
ger, s. 49/1692;
ðer, adv. 47/1648, 75/2612. See
der, fer, a., ger.
prisuner. See ðer.
Syon-gaber. See ger.
ðer, adv.
Eliezer, s. 79/2766;
prisuner, s. 59/2042. See Ader,
alter, buteler, ger, ner.
-erd
erd, s.
sperd, pp. 12/384. See sperd.
middel-erd, s.
sperd, pp. 3/94.
offerd. See swerd.
sperd, pp.
erd, s. 60/2094. See erd, middel-
erd.
swerd, s.
offerd, pp. 81/2844.
-ere
ner, adv. or postp.
der, s. 14/474;
Eliezer, s. 40/1396;
ger, s. 49/1692;
ðer, adv. 47/1648, 75/2612. See
der, fer, a., ger.
prisuner. See ðer.
Syon-gaber. See ger.
ðer, adv.
Eliezer, s. 79/2766;
prisuner, s. 59/2042. See Ader,
alter, buteler, ger, ner.
-erd
erd, s.
sperd, pp. 12/384. See sperd.
middel-erd, s.
sperd, pp. 3/94.
offerd. See swerd.
sperd, pp.
erd, s. 60/2094. See erd, middel-
erd.
swerd, s.
offerd, pp. 81/2844.
-ere
Page 616
answere, s.
dere, s. 106/3742;
dere, v. sbj. 101/3566.
bere, v. sbj.
dere, v. sbj. 100/3514.
childre-bere, a.
gere, s. 42/1466.
dere, s. See answere, here, were (=
husband).
dere, v. sbj. See answere, bere.
gere, s. See childre-bere.
gere, a. See smere.
here, s.
dere, s. 85/2970, 91/3214;
were, s. (= war) 51/1788;
were, s. (= defence) 76/2680.
huntere, s.
tiliere, s. 43/1482.
smere, s.
gere, a. 45/1574.
tiliere. See huntere.
were, s. (= husband).
dere, s. 46/1588. See here.
were (= war). See here.
were (= defence). See here.
dere, s. 106/3742;
dere, v. sbj. 101/3566.
bere, v. sbj.
dere, v. sbj. 100/3514.
childre-bere, a.
gere, s. 42/1466.
dere, s. See answere, here, were (=
husband).
dere, v. sbj. See answere, bere.
gere, s. See childre-bere.
gere, a. See smere.
here, s.
dere, s. 85/2970, 91/3214;
were, s. (= war) 51/1788;
were, s. (= defence) 76/2680.
huntere, s.
tiliere, s. 43/1482.
smere, s.
gere, a. 45/1574.
tiliere. See huntere.
were, s. (= husband).
dere, s. 46/1588. See here.
were (= war). See here.
were (= defence). See here.
Page 617
-eren
answeren, s.
weren, inf. 76/2674.
beren, inf.
deren, inf. 23/788, 54/1868,
73/2558. See weren, inf.
beren, pret. pl.
deren, inf. 34/1188.
deren, inf.
weren, inf. 37/1272, 52/1794,
73/2564, 78/2750. See
beren, inf., beren, pret. pl.,
sheren, weren, inf.
deren, v. pl. See weren, v. pl.
deren, v. sbj. See here[n].
geren, inf.
smeren, inf. 70/2442.
here[n], s.
deren, v. sbj. 71/2480.
sheren, inf.
deren, inf. 67/2348.
smeren. See geren.
to-teren, inf.
weren, inf. 60/2090.
weren, inf.
beren, inf. 30/1044, 60/2084;
answeren, s.
weren, inf. 76/2674.
beren, inf.
deren, inf. 23/788, 54/1868,
73/2558. See weren, inf.
beren, pret. pl.
deren, inf. 34/1188.
deren, inf.
weren, inf. 37/1272, 52/1794,
73/2564, 78/2750. See
beren, inf., beren, pret. pl.,
sheren, weren, inf.
deren, v. pl. See weren, v. pl.
deren, v. sbj. See here[n].
geren, inf.
smeren, inf. 70/2442.
here[n], s.
deren, v. sbj. 71/2480.
sheren, inf.
deren, inf. 67/2348.
smeren. See geren.
to-teren, inf.
weren, inf. 60/2090.
weren, inf.
beren, inf. 30/1044, 60/2084;
Page 618
deren, inf. 52/1818. See answeren,
deren, inf., to-teren.
weren, v. pl.
deren, v. pl. 25/852.
-eres
deres. See skipperes.
skipperes, s. pl.
deres, s. pl. 88/3088.
-ert
desert, s.
pert, a. 94/3292.
-es
bles, s. gen. sg.
bles, s. gen. sg. 50/1730;
likeles, a. 50/1726.
Cades. See ne-ðe-les.
ches, pret.
for-les, pret. 24/808. See Moyses.
forles, pret.
mis-ches, pret. 6/190. See ches.
helpeles. See Moyses.
les, a.
Moyses, s. 102/3596.
deren, inf., to-teren.
weren, v. pl.
deren, v. pl. 25/852.
-eres
deres. See skipperes.
skipperes, s. pl.
deres, s. pl. 88/3088.
-ert
desert, s.
pert, a. 94/3292.
-es
bles, s. gen. sg.
bles, s. gen. sg. 50/1730;
likeles, a. 50/1726.
Cades. See ne-ðe-les.
ches, pret.
for-les, pret. 24/808. See Moyses.
forles, pret.
mis-ches, pret. 6/190. See ches.
helpeles. See Moyses.
les, a.
Moyses, s. 102/3596.
Page 619
les, pret. See Moyses.
likeles. See bles.
mis-ches. See forles.
Moyses, s.
bi-men, s. 95/3356;
ches, pret. 78/2736;
helpeles, a. 92/3232, 101/3558,
116/4106;
les, pret. 82/2874;
likeles. See bles.
mis-ches. See forles.
Moyses, s.
bi-men, s. 95/3356;
ches, pret. 78/2736;
helpeles, a. 92/3232, 101/3558,
116/4106;
les, pret. 82/2874;
Page 620
redles, a. 102/3574. See les, a.
ne-ðe-les, adv.
Cades, s. 109/3854.
redles. See Moyses.
-est
alðer-best. See west.
best, a. See fest.
best, adv.
fest, a. or pp. 44/1524.
fest, a. or pp.
best, a. 68/2374. See best, adv.
hegest. See prest.
nest, a.
prest, s. 108/3792, 110/3886,
111/3922.
prest, s.
hegest, a. 26/900. See nest.
west, s.
alðer-best, adv. 96/3390.
-esten
lesten. See reste[n].
reste[n], s.
lesten, inf. 1/12.
ne-ðe-les, adv.
Cades, s. 109/3854.
redles. See Moyses.
-est
alðer-best. See west.
best, a. See fest.
best, adv.
fest, a. or pp. 44/1524.
fest, a. or pp.
best, a. 68/2374. See best, adv.
hegest. See prest.
nest, a.
prest, s. 108/3792, 110/3886,
111/3922.
prest, s.
hegest, a. 26/900. See nest.
west, s.
alðer-best, adv. 96/3390.
-esten
lesten. See reste[n].
reste[n], s.
lesten, inf. 1/12.
Page 621
-et
bet, adv.
get, adv. 49/1714;
set, pp. 107/3754. See get, adv.
bi-set, pp.
gret, pp. 92/3226.
fet, s. pl.
gret, s. 107/3774.
flet, pret.
under-let, pret. 91/3188.
get, adv.
bet, adv. 84/2938;
bi-gat, pret. 65/2278. See bet.
get, pret.
ouer-flet, pret. 17/586.
gret, s. See fet.
gret, a. See neet.
gret, pret.
wet, a. 65/2288, 67/2342,
67/2356.
gret, pp. See bi-set.
let. See schet.
met, s.
set, pp. 5/146.
ouer-flet. See get, pret.
bet, adv.
get, adv. 49/1714;
set, pp. 107/3754. See get, adv.
bi-set, pp.
gret, pp. 92/3226.
fet, s. pl.
gret, s. 107/3774.
flet, pret.
under-let, pret. 91/3188.
get, adv.
bet, adv. 84/2938;
bi-gat, pret. 65/2278. See bet.
get, pret.
ouer-flet, pret. 17/586.
gret, s. See fet.
gret, a. See neet.
gret, pret.
wet, a. 65/2288, 67/2342,
67/2356.
gret, pp. See bi-set.
let. See schet.
met, s.
set, pp. 5/146.
ouer-flet. See get, pret.
Page 622
schet, pret.
let, pp. 14/476.
set. See bet, met.
under-let. See flet.
wet. See gret, pret.
-ete
gete, v.
mete, s. 43/1498.
gete, adv. See mete.
mete, s.
eten, inf. 44/1538;
gete, adv. 43/1488. See gete, v.
-eten
bi-geten, inf.
eten, inf. 104/3670;
for-geten, inf. 58/2022;
teten, s. pl. 99/3480. See eten, inf.,
for-geten, pp., freten, inf.,
ouer-meten.
bi-geten, pp.
feten, inf. 78/2744;
for-geten, inf. 27/912;
for-geten, pp. 33/1152, 89/3128.
See for-geten, pp.
eten, inf.
bi-geten, inf. 44/1532;
let, pp. 14/476.
set. See bet, met.
under-let. See flet.
wet. See gret, pret.
-ete
gete, v.
mete, s. 43/1498.
gete, adv. See mete.
mete, s.
eten, inf. 44/1538;
gete, adv. 43/1488. See gete, v.
-eten
bi-geten, inf.
eten, inf. 104/3670;
for-geten, inf. 58/2022;
teten, s. pl. 99/3480. See eten, inf.,
for-geten, pp., freten, inf.,
ouer-meten.
bi-geten, pp.
feten, inf. 78/2744;
for-geten, inf. 27/912;
for-geten, pp. 33/1152, 89/3128.
See for-geten, pp.
eten, inf.
bi-geten, inf. 44/1532;
Page 623
for-geten, inf. 40/1400, 52/1806,
105/3682. See mete, bi-
geten, inf., mete[n], s.,
meten, s., wliten.
eten, v. sbj. See mete[n] (?)
eten, pp.
forgeten, inf. 10/330.
feten. See bi-geten, pp.
for-geten, inf. See bi-geten, inf., bi-
geten, pp., eten, inf., eten,
pp., freten, pp., meten, pp.
for-geten, pp.
bigeten, inf. 62/2180;
bi-geten, pp. 77/2706. See bi-
geten, pp.
freten, inf.
bi-geten, inf. 114/4028.
freten, pp.
for-geten, inf. 60/2102.
mete[n], (?)
eten, v. sbj. 90/3152.
mete[n], s.
eten, inf. 11/364, 104/3658.
meten, s.
eten, inf. 60/2080, 65/2256.
meten, pp.
forgeten, inf. 77/2702.
105/3682. See mete, bi-
geten, inf., mete[n], s.,
meten, s., wliten.
eten, v. sbj. See mete[n] (?)
eten, pp.
forgeten, inf. 10/330.
feten. See bi-geten, pp.
for-geten, inf. See bi-geten, inf., bi-
geten, pp., eten, inf., eten,
pp., freten, pp., meten, pp.
for-geten, pp.
bigeten, inf. 62/2180;
bi-geten, pp. 77/2706. See bi-
geten, pp.
freten, inf.
bi-geten, inf. 114/4028.
freten, pp.
for-geten, inf. 60/2102.
mete[n], (?)
eten, v. sbj. 90/3152.
mete[n], s.
eten, inf. 11/364, 104/3658.
meten, s.
eten, inf. 60/2080, 65/2256.
meten, pp.
forgeten, inf. 77/2702.
Page 624
ouer-meten, pp.
bi-geten, inf. 48/1666.
teten. See bi-geten, inf.
-eð, eth
beð. See seð.
bleð, a.
Iareth, s. 111/3908. See Iacabeð.
Iacabeð, s.
bleð, a. 74/2590.
Iareth. See bleð.
leð. See fed.
með, s.
seð, v. 3 sg. 6/196.
seð, v. 3 sg.
beð, v. 3 sg. 6/182. See með.
-eðe
queðe, s.
stede, s. 114/4012.
-eðen
beðen, inf.
bi-queðen, inf. 70/2448.
bi-neðen, adv.
queðen, inf. 114/4002;
bi-geten, inf. 48/1666.
teten. See bi-geten, inf.
-eð, eth
beð. See seð.
bleð, a.
Iareth, s. 111/3908. See Iacabeð.
Iacabeð, s.
bleð, a. 74/2590.
Iareth. See bleð.
leð. See fed.
með, s.
seð, v. 3 sg. 6/196.
seð, v. 3 sg.
beð, v. 3 sg. 6/182. See með.
-eðe
queðe, s.
stede, s. 114/4012.
-eðen
beðen, inf.
bi-queðen, inf. 70/2448.
bi-neðen, adv.
queðen, inf. 114/4002;
Page 625
queðen, pp. 112/3944. See
queðen, inf., quuemeðen,
ðeðen.
bi-queðen. See beðen.
queðen, inf.
bi-neðen, adv. 100/3526. See bi-
neðen, ðeden, adv., ðeðen.
queðen, pp. See bi-neðen.
quuemeðen, pret. pl.
bi-neðen, adv. 4/126.
ðeðen, adv.
bi-neðen, adv. 3/66;
queðen, inf. 79/2788.
-eðer
alðerneðer, adv.
weðer, s. 113/3998.
neðer. See liðer.
weðer. See alðerneðer.
-eue
dreue. See Eue.
Eue, s.
dreue, inf. 10/318.
-euen, ewen
queðen, inf., quuemeðen,
ðeðen.
bi-queðen. See beðen.
queðen, inf.
bi-neðen, adv. 100/3526. See bi-
neðen, ðeden, adv., ðeðen.
queðen, pp. See bi-neðen.
quuemeðen, pret. pl.
bi-neðen, adv. 4/126.
ðeðen, adv.
bi-neðen, adv. 3/66;
queðen, inf. 79/2788.
-eðer
alðerneðer, adv.
weðer, s. 113/3998.
neðer. See liðer.
weðer. See alðerneðer.
-eue
dreue. See Eue.
Eue, s.
dreue, inf. 10/318.
-euen, ewen
Page 626
bi-lewen, inf.
liuen, inf. 64/2234.
geuen, pp.
liuen, inf. 75/2610. See liuen, v.
pl.
-euene, euone
euene, adv.
heuone, s. 10/332.
-ew
glew, s.
knew, pret. 14/460.
-i, -y
Adonay. See for-ði.
Ai. See seli.
Ay. See Sarray.
bi, adv.
Gibi, s. 24/826.
bi, postp. See for-ði, redi, Sarray,
seuenti, weri.
dor-bi, adv.
for-ði, adv. 47/1638.
dredi. See slepi.
Eley, s.
liuen, inf. 64/2234.
geuen, pp.
liuen, inf. 75/2610. See liuen, v.
pl.
-euene, euone
euene, adv.
heuone, s. 10/332.
-ew
glew, s.
knew, pret. 14/460.
-i, -y
Adonay. See for-ði.
Ai. See seli.
Ay. See Sarray.
bi, adv.
Gibi, s. 24/826.
bi, postp. See for-ði, redi, Sarray,
seuenti, weri.
dor-bi, adv.
for-ði, adv. 47/1638.
dredi. See slepi.
Eley, s.
Page 627
Ely, s. 83/2904.
Eliopoli, s.
forði, adv. 57/2004.
for-ði, adv.
Adonay, s. 83/2902;
bi, postp. 91/3208;
her-bi, adv. 58/2034;
Leui, s. 53/1862;
sti, s. 112/3958;
wi, s. 53/1854, 92/3220. See dor-
bi, Eliopoli, merci, Moysi,
Sarrai, Sinay, ðor-bi.
Gibi. See bi, adv.
gredi. See weri.
her-bi. See for-ði, Moysi.
Leui. See for-ði.
merci, s.
for-ði, adv. 63/2208. See Synay.
Moysi, s. dat.
for-ði, adv. 77/2692;
her-bi, adv. 101/3572.
redi, a.
bi, postp. 107/3760.
Sarrai, s.
for-ði, adv. 22/766;
untuderi, a. 28/964.
Sarray, s.
Ay, s. 23/800;
Eliopoli, s.
forði, adv. 57/2004.
for-ði, adv.
Adonay, s. 83/2902;
bi, postp. 91/3208;
her-bi, adv. 58/2034;
Leui, s. 53/1862;
sti, s. 112/3958;
wi, s. 53/1854, 92/3220. See dor-
bi, Eliopoli, merci, Moysi,
Sarrai, Sinay, ðor-bi.
Gibi. See bi, adv.
gredi. See weri.
her-bi. See for-ði, Moysi.
Leui. See for-ði.
merci, s.
for-ði, adv. 63/2208. See Synay.
Moysi, s. dat.
for-ði, adv. 77/2692;
her-bi, adv. 101/3572.
redi, a.
bi, postp. 107/3760.
Sarrai, s.
for-ði, adv. 22/766;
untuderi, a. 28/964.
Sarray, s.
Ay, s. 23/800;
Page 628
bi, postp. 22/742;
sori, a. 28/974;
sort-leui, a. 21/712.
seli, a.
Ai, s. 22/760.
seuenti a.
bi, postp. 42/1454, 104/3666.
Sinay, s.
forði, adv. 94/3310.
Synay, s.
merci, s. 102/3600;
ðor-bi, adv. 79/2774. See ðor-bi.
slepi, a.
dredi, a. 25/872.
sori. See Sarray.
sort-leui. See Sarray.
sti. See for-ði.
ðor-bi, adv.
for-ði, adv. 113/4000;
Synay, s. 96/3362, 109/3850. See
Synay, ðritti, tidi.
ðritti, a. [xxxvij = seuen and ðritti].
ðor-bi, adv. 42/1458.
tidi, a.
ðor-bi, adv. 60/2106.
untuderi. See Sarrai.
weri, a.
sori, a. 28/974;
sort-leui, a. 21/712.
seli, a.
Ai, s. 22/760.
seuenti a.
bi, postp. 42/1454, 104/3666.
Sinay, s.
forði, adv. 94/3310.
Synay, s.
merci, s. 102/3600;
ðor-bi, adv. 79/2774. See ðor-bi.
slepi, a.
dredi, a. 25/872.
sori. See Sarray.
sort-leui. See Sarray.
sti. See for-ði.
ðor-bi, adv.
for-ði, adv. 113/4000;
Synay, s. 96/3362, 109/3850. See
Synay, ðritti, tidi.
ðritti, a. [xxxvij = seuen and ðritti].
ðor-bi, adv. 42/1458.
tidi, a.
ðor-bi, adv. 60/2106.
untuderi. See Sarrai.
weri, a.
Page 629
bi, postp. 28/976;
gredi, a. 43/1494.
wi. See for-ði.
-ib
rib, s.
sib, a. 7/228.
-ic
geuelic. See dik.
-id
bi-tid, pp.
hid, pp. 11/358, 74/2592, 78/2732,
117/4138. See for-hid, hid,
kid, srid.
for-hid, pp.
bi-tid, pp. 54/1876.
hid, pp.
bi-tid, pp. 34/1194. See bi-tid,
srid.
kid, pp.
bi-tid, pp. 67/2358.
srid, pp.
bi-tid, pp. 57/1978;
hid, pp. 11/380.
tid, s.
gredi, a. 43/1494.
wi. See for-ði.
-ib
rib, s.
sib, a. 7/228.
-ic
geuelic. See dik.
-id
bi-tid, pp.
hid, pp. 11/358, 74/2592, 78/2732,
117/4138. See for-hid, hid,
kid, srid.
for-hid, pp.
bi-tid, pp. 54/1876.
hid, pp.
bi-tid, pp. 34/1194. See bi-tid,
srid.
kid, pp.
bi-tid, pp. 67/2358.
srid, pp.
bi-tid, pp. 57/1978;
hid, pp. 11/380.
tid, s.
Page 630
wid, a. 2/60, 8/264.
-ide
mide, adv.
dede, pret. 84/2964, 91/3198,
104/3656;
wech-dede, s. 70/2460. See dede,
pret.
ride. See dede, pret.
ðor-mide. See dede, pret.
-iden
abiden, pret. pl.
deden, pret. pl. 71/2484;
gliden, pp. 98/3460.
gliden. See abiden.
hiden. See sriden.
sriden, inf.
hiden, inf. 11/352.
-ider
hider. adv.
to-gider, adv. 67/2352.
-if
lif, s.
-ide
mide, adv.
dede, pret. 84/2964, 91/3198,
104/3656;
wech-dede, s. 70/2460. See dede,
pret.
ride. See dede, pret.
ðor-mide. See dede, pret.
-iden
abiden, pret. pl.
deden, pret. pl. 71/2484;
gliden, pp. 98/3460.
gliden. See abiden.
hiden. See sriden.
sriden, inf.
hiden, inf. 11/352.
-ider
hider. adv.
to-gider, adv. 67/2352.
-if
lif, s.
Page 631
strif, s. 8/268, 23/778, 70/2440,
103/3638;
wif, s. 22/768, 34/1170, 99/3484.
See strif, wif.
rif. See wif.
strif, s.
lif, s. 6/176, 15/504, 108/3818;
wif, s. 23/780. See lif, wif.
wif, s.
lif, s. 9/304, 10/316, 12/398,
34/1174, 39/1364,
41/1440, 46/1594,
97/3402;
rif, a. 7/232, 36/1252;
strif, s. 21/716, 25/860, 34/1182.
See lif, strif.
-igt
brigt, s.
ligt, s. 5/144.
brigt, a.
ligt, s. 5/154;
ligt, a. 93/3256;
rigt, a. 118/4148;
rigt, adv. 28/952, 115/4040. See
migt, nigt.
figt, s.
nigt, s. 38/1318. See migt, nigt,
rigt, adv., wigt.
fligt, s.
migt, s. 5/162;
103/3638;
wif, s. 22/768, 34/1170, 99/3484.
See strif, wif.
rif. See wif.
strif, s.
lif, s. 6/176, 15/504, 108/3818;
wif, s. 23/780. See lif, wif.
wif, s.
lif, s. 9/304, 10/316, 12/398,
34/1174, 39/1364,
41/1440, 46/1594,
97/3402;
rif, a. 7/232, 36/1252;
strif, s. 21/716, 25/860, 34/1182.
See lif, strif.
-igt
brigt, s.
ligt, s. 5/144.
brigt, a.
ligt, s. 5/154;
ligt, a. 93/3256;
rigt, a. 118/4148;
rigt, adv. 28/952, 115/4040. See
migt, nigt.
figt, s.
nigt, s. 38/1318. See migt, nigt,
rigt, adv., wigt.
fligt, s.
migt, s. 5/162;
Page 632
nigt, s. 5/166.
frigt. See migt, nigt.
fugel-fligt, s.
rigt, adv. 94/3322.
knigt, s.
ligt, a. 9/284.
lig[t], s.
nig[t], s. 8/246.
ligt, s.
migt, s. 2/54, 5/168;
nigt, s. 3/76, 9/288;
rigt, adv. 30/1050. See brigt, s.,
brigt, a., nigt.
ligt, a. See brigt, a., knigt, nigt.
ligt, adv. See rigt, adv.
ligt, pp.
o-frigt, pp. 104/3652.
migt, s.
brigt, a. 4/132, 118/4156;
figt, s. 26/898;
frigt, s. 35/1234;
up-rigt, adv. 92/3248. See fligt,
ligt, s., nigt.
nig[t]. See lig[t].
nigt, s.
brigt, a. 31/1058;
figt, s. 25/870, 31/1066, 42/1470,
88/3086;
frigt. See migt, nigt.
fugel-fligt, s.
rigt, adv. 94/3322.
knigt, s.
ligt, a. 9/284.
lig[t], s.
nig[t], s. 8/246.
ligt, s.
migt, s. 2/54, 5/168;
nigt, s. 3/76, 9/288;
rigt, adv. 30/1050. See brigt, s.,
brigt, a., nigt.
ligt, a. See brigt, a., knigt, nigt.
ligt, adv. See rigt, adv.
ligt, pp.
o-frigt, pp. 104/3652.
migt, s.
brigt, a. 4/132, 118/4156;
figt, s. 26/898;
frigt, s. 35/1234;
up-rigt, adv. 92/3248. See fligt,
ligt, s., nigt.
nig[t]. See lig[t].
nigt, s.
brigt, a. 31/1058;
figt, s. 25/870, 31/1066, 42/1470,
88/3086;
Page 633
frigt, s. 28/950;
ligt, s. 2/44, 3/90, 4/114, 4/130,
5/158, 94/3294, 112/3948,
118/4158;
ligt, a. 51/1782;
migt, s. 17/584, 52/1802,
70/2450;
offrigt, pp. 105/3692;
rigt, adv. 3/80, 46/1604, 61/2124,
70/2462, 90/3160,
93/3288. See figt, fligt,
ligt, s., pligt, s., rigt, s.,
rigt, adv.
offrigt. See nigt.
ofrigt, pp.
o-rigt, adv. 64/2226. See ligt, pp.
onigt.
onigt, adv.
o-frigt, pp. 59/2050.
o-rigt. See ofrigt.
pligt, s.
nigt, s. 103/3612;
rigt, s. 36/1270.
pligt, pp.
un-rigt, s. 37/1276.
rigt, s.
nigt, s. 37/1300. See pligt, s., v[n]-
frigt.
rigt, a. See brigt, a.
rigt, adv.
ligt, s. 2/44, 3/90, 4/114, 4/130,
5/158, 94/3294, 112/3948,
118/4158;
ligt, a. 51/1782;
migt, s. 17/584, 52/1802,
70/2450;
offrigt, pp. 105/3692;
rigt, adv. 3/80, 46/1604, 61/2124,
70/2462, 90/3160,
93/3288. See figt, fligt,
ligt, s., pligt, s., rigt, s.,
rigt, adv.
offrigt. See nigt.
ofrigt, pp.
o-rigt, adv. 64/2226. See ligt, pp.
onigt.
onigt, adv.
o-frigt, pp. 59/2050.
o-rigt. See ofrigt.
pligt, s.
nigt, s. 103/3612;
rigt, s. 36/1270.
pligt, pp.
un-rigt, s. 37/1276.
rigt, s.
nigt, s. 37/1300. See pligt, s., v[n]-
frigt.
rigt, a. See brigt, a.
rigt, adv.
Page 634
figt, s. 26/886, 77/2682;
ligt, adv. 64/2252;
nigt, s. 70/2454, 84/2952. See
brigt, a., fugel-fligt, ligt,
s., nigt.
v[n]-frigt, a.
rigt, s. 105/3714.
un-rigt. See pligt, pp.
up-rigt. See migt.
wigt, a.
figt, s. 25/864.
-igti
frigti. See migti.
migti, a.
frigti, a. 29/984.
-ik
dik, s.
geuelic, adv. 9/282.
-ike
arsmetike. See witterlike.
bitter-like, adv.
luue-like, adv. 117/4126.
bliðelike, adv.
ligt, adv. 64/2252;
nigt, s. 70/2454, 84/2952. See
brigt, a., fugel-fligt, ligt,
s., nigt.
v[n]-frigt, a.
rigt, s. 105/3714.
un-rigt. See pligt, pp.
up-rigt. See migt.
wigt, a.
figt, s. 25/864.
-igti
frigti. See migti.
migti, a.
frigti, a. 29/984.
-ik
dik, s.
geuelic, adv. 9/282.
-ike
arsmetike. See witterlike.
bitter-like, adv.
luue-like, adv. 117/4126.
bliðelike, adv.
Page 635
sikerlike, adv. 43/1500. See
mildelike.
brigt-like, adv.
witterlike, adv. 99/3492.
festelike, adv.
witterlike, adv. 97/3408.
frigtilike, adv.
mildelike, adv. 62/2164;
wittirlike, adv. 47/1618.
kinde-like. See mildelike.
lecherlike. See witterlike.
liðer-like, adv.
witterlike, adv. 45/1564. See bi-
swiken.
luue-like. See bitter-like.
mildelike, adv.
bliðelike, adv. 41/1424;
kinde-like, adv. 71/2500;
selðhelike, adv. 39/1372;
witterlike, adv. 38/1322. See
frigtilike, witterlike.
miserlike. See witterlike.
modilike. See opelike.
opelike, adv.
modilike, adv. 74/2584.
selðhelike. See mildelike.
sikerlike, adv.
mildelike.
brigt-like, adv.
witterlike, adv. 99/3492.
festelike, adv.
witterlike, adv. 97/3408.
frigtilike, adv.
mildelike, adv. 62/2164;
wittirlike, adv. 47/1618.
kinde-like. See mildelike.
lecherlike. See witterlike.
liðer-like, adv.
witterlike, adv. 45/1564. See bi-
swiken.
luue-like. See bitter-like.
mildelike, adv.
bliðelike, adv. 41/1424;
kinde-like, adv. 71/2500;
selðhelike, adv. 39/1372;
witterlike, adv. 38/1322. See
frigtilike, witterlike.
miserlike. See witterlike.
modilike. See opelike.
opelike, adv.
modilike, adv. 74/2584.
selðhelike. See mildelike.
sikerlike, adv.
Page 636
witterlike, adv. 66/2320. See
bliðelike.
swike, a. pl.
witterlike, adv. 81/2846.
trike, s.
witterlike, adv. 84/2948.
witterlike, adv.
arsmetike, s. 23/792;
lecherlike, adv. 22/770;
milde-like, adv. 79/2778;
miserlike, adv. 76/2658. See brigt-
like, festelike, liðer-like,
mildelike, sikerlike, swike,
trike.
wittirlike. See frigtilike.
-iken
bi-swiken, pp.
liðerlike, adv. 101/3562.
-il
hil, s.
wil, s. 17/588, 37/1294, 113/3996.
sckil, s.
wil, s. 7/204.
ſkil. See wil.
skil, s.
wil, s. 6/194, 41/1426, 92/3236.
bliðelike.
swike, a. pl.
witterlike, adv. 81/2846.
trike, s.
witterlike, adv. 84/2948.
witterlike, adv.
arsmetike, s. 23/792;
lecherlike, adv. 22/770;
milde-like, adv. 79/2778;
miserlike, adv. 76/2658. See brigt-
like, festelike, liðer-like,
mildelike, sikerlike, swike,
trike.
wittirlike. See frigtilike.
-iken
bi-swiken, pp.
liðerlike, adv. 101/3562.
-il
hil, s.
wil, s. 17/588, 37/1294, 113/3996.
sckil, s.
wil, s. 7/204.
ſkil. See wil.
skil, s.
wil, s. 6/194, 41/1426, 92/3236.
Page 637
ðor-til, adv.
wil, s. 68/2372.
unskil. See wil.
vn-skil. See wil.
wil, s.
ſkil, s. 2/52;
unskil, s. 10/342;
vn-skil, s. 100/3506. See hil, sckil,
skil, ðor-til.
-ild
child, s.
milde, a. 29/986. See fild, mild.
fild, pp.
child, s. 35/1226.
mild, a.
child, s. 75/2636. See childe.
-ilde
childe, s.
mild, a. 37/1306.
milde. See child.
-ile
quile, s.
spile, s. 98/3462;
wile, v. 3 sg. 93/3276, 98/3444.
wil, s. 68/2372.
unskil. See wil.
vn-skil. See wil.
wil, s.
ſkil, s. 2/52;
unskil, s. 10/342;
vn-skil, s. 100/3506. See hil, sckil,
skil, ðor-til.
-ild
child, s.
milde, a. 29/986. See fild, mild.
fild, pp.
child, s. 35/1226.
mild, a.
child, s. 75/2636. See childe.
-ilde
childe, s.
mild, a. 37/1306.
milde. See child.
-ile
quile, s.
spile, s. 98/3462;
wile, v. 3 sg. 93/3276, 98/3444.
Page 638
sile. See spile.
spile, s.
sile, s. 85/2978. See quile.
tile, s.
wile, v. 3 sg. 44/1520.
wile, v. 3 sg.
wile, v. 3 sg. 58/2020. See quile,
tile.
-iled
hiled. See spiled.
spiled, pp.
hiled, pp. 91/3184.
-ilen
spilen. See wilen.
wilen (MS. welin), v. pl.
spilen, inf. 72/2532.
-ille
stille, a.
wille, s. dat. 87/3060.
-ilt
filt, pp.
pilt, pp. 63/2214.
spile, s.
sile, s. 85/2978. See quile.
tile, s.
wile, v. 3 sg. 44/1520.
wile, v. 3 sg.
wile, v. 3 sg. 58/2020. See quile,
tile.
-iled
hiled. See spiled.
spiled, pp.
hiled, pp. 91/3184.
-ilen
spilen. See wilen.
wilen (MS. welin), v. pl.
spilen, inf. 72/2532.
-ille
stille, a.
wille, s. dat. 87/3060.
-ilt
filt, pp.
pilt, pp. 63/2214.
Page 639
-im, ym.
Abarim, s.
him, pron. 117/4118. See him.
Balim. See him.
Caym, s.
kin, s. 16/544.
dim, a.
him, pron. 104/3674. See him.
Effraym, s.
hem, pron. pl. 62/2152.
Elim, s.
him, pron. 94/3304;
Sin, s. 94/3308.
him, pron.
Abarim, s. 116/4100;
Balim, s. pl. 20/690;
dim, a. 9/286;
Neptalim, s. 49/1700;
Rafadim, s. 95/3352. See Abarim,
dim, Elim, Manaim.
Manaim, s.
him, pron. 51/1790.
Neptalim. See him.
Rafadim. See him.
-imen
Abarim, s.
him, pron. 117/4118. See him.
Balim. See him.
Caym, s.
kin, s. 16/544.
dim, a.
him, pron. 104/3674. See him.
Effraym, s.
hem, pron. pl. 62/2152.
Elim, s.
him, pron. 94/3304;
Sin, s. 94/3308.
him, pron.
Abarim, s. 116/4100;
Balim, s. pl. 20/690;
dim, a. 9/286;
Neptalim, s. 49/1700;
Rafadim, s. 95/3352. See Abarim,
dim, Elim, Manaim.
Manaim, s.
him, pron. 51/1790.
Neptalim. See him.
Rafadim. See him.
-imen
Page 640
bi-nimen. See timen.
forð-nimen. See timen.
nimen. See timen.
timen, inf.
bi-nimen, inf. 51/1764;
forð-nimen, inf. 76/2676;
nimen, inf. 67/2362;
trimen, inf. 30/1024.
trimen. See timen.
-in
Beniamin, s.
fin, a. 68/2370;
kin, s. 63/2186, 63/2190;
min, a. 67/2336;
ðin, a. 65/2282;
ðor-in, adv. 66/2310. See in, win.
dure-pin. See in.
fin, a. See Beniamin.
fin, s. See lin.
hin. See kin.
hines-kin. See wið-in.
in, postp. or adv.
ben, v. pl. 24/816;
Beniamin, s. 64/2240;
dure-pin, s. 31/1078;
kin, s. 105/3702;
forð-nimen. See timen.
nimen. See timen.
timen, inf.
bi-nimen, inf. 51/1764;
forð-nimen, inf. 76/2676;
nimen, inf. 67/2362;
trimen, inf. 30/1024.
trimen. See timen.
-in
Beniamin, s.
fin, a. 68/2370;
kin, s. 63/2186, 63/2190;
min, a. 67/2336;
ðin, a. 65/2282;
ðor-in, adv. 66/2310. See in, win.
dure-pin. See in.
fin, a. See Beniamin.
fin, s. See lin.
hin. See kin.
hines-kin. See wið-in.
in, postp. or adv.
ben, v. pl. 24/816;
Beniamin, s. 64/2240;
dure-pin, s. 31/1078;
kin, s. 105/3702;
Page 641
win, s. 18/598. See kin.
kin, s.
hin, adv. 22/738;
in, postp. 75/2618, 109/3830;
ðor-in, adv. 103/3634, 108/3816,
109/3836;
wid-hin, postp. 39/1352;
wið-hin, postp. 18/628;
wið-in, postp. 74/2586, 74/2608,
79/2760. See Caym,
Beniamin, in, wid-hin.
lin, v. pl.
fin, s. 109/3852.
min. See Beniamin, ðin.
Sin, s.
wið-in, postp. 110/3860. See
Elim.
ðer-in. See win.
ðin, a.
min, a. 104/3662. See Beniamin.
ðor-in. See Beniamin, kin.
wid-hin, postp.
kin, s. 16/556. See kin.
win, s.
Beniamin, s. 66/2296;
ðer-in, adv. 59/2068.
win, s.
wið-in, postp. 11/348. See in.
kin, s.
hin, adv. 22/738;
in, postp. 75/2618, 109/3830;
ðor-in, adv. 103/3634, 108/3816,
109/3836;
wid-hin, postp. 39/1352;
wið-hin, postp. 18/628;
wið-in, postp. 74/2586, 74/2608,
79/2760. See Caym,
Beniamin, in, wid-hin.
lin, v. pl.
fin, s. 109/3852.
min. See Beniamin, ðin.
Sin, s.
wið-in, postp. 110/3860. See
Elim.
ðer-in. See win.
ðin, a.
min, a. 104/3662. See Beniamin.
ðor-in. See Beniamin, kin.
wid-hin, postp.
kin, s. 16/556. See kin.
win, s.
Beniamin, s. 66/2296;
ðer-in, adv. 59/2068.
win, s.
wið-in, postp. 11/348. See in.
Page 642
wið-hin. See kin.
wið-in, postp.
hines-kin, s. 107/3776. See kin,
Sin, win.
-inc
drinc, s.
swinc, s. 96/3366. See stinc,
swinc.
stinc, s.
drinc, s. 85/2976. See swinc.
swinc, s.
drinc, s. 26/894;
stinc, s. 73/2556. See drinc.
-ind
mind. See wind.
wind, s.
mind, s. 104/3676.
-ine
dine, s.
hine, pron. 98/3468.
erðe-dine. See hine.
hine, pron.
erðe-dine, s. 32/1108. See dine,
sunne-sine.
wið-in, postp.
hines-kin, s. 107/3776. See kin,
Sin, win.
-inc
drinc, s.
swinc, s. 96/3366. See stinc,
swinc.
stinc, s.
drinc, s. 85/2976. See swinc.
swinc, s.
drinc, s. 26/894;
stinc, s. 73/2556. See drinc.
-ind
mind. See wind.
wind, s.
mind, s. 104/3676.
-ine
dine, s.
hine, pron. 98/3468.
erðe-dine. See hine.
hine, pron.
erðe-dine, s. 32/1108. See dine,
sunne-sine.
Page 643
sunne-sine, s.
hine, pron. 95/3336, 95/3338.
-ing
biginning, s.
ending, s. 15/522.
bliscing, s.
ending, s. 43/1506. See gestning,
king.
daiening. See king.
ending. See biginning, bliscing.
gestning, s.
bliscing, s. 43/1508.
giscing. See ðing.
king, s.
bliscing, s. 68/2398;
daiening, s. 93/3264;
lesing, s. 74/2578;
muni[gin]g, s. 20/678;
ofspring, s. 62/2182;
wurðing, s. 20/684, 26/892,
113/3990. See ðing.
kumeling. See louereding.
lesing. See king.
louereding, s.
kumeling, s. 24/834.
muni[gin]g. See king.
hine, pron. 95/3336, 95/3338.
-ing
biginning, s.
ending, s. 15/522.
bliscing, s.
ending, s. 43/1506. See gestning,
king.
daiening. See king.
ending. See biginning, bliscing.
gestning, s.
bliscing, s. 43/1508.
giscing. See ðing.
king, s.
bliscing, s. 68/2398;
daiening, s. 93/3264;
lesing, s. 74/2578;
muni[gin]g, s. 20/678;
ofspring, s. 62/2182;
wurðing, s. 20/684, 26/892,
113/3990. See ðing.
kumeling. See louereding.
lesing. See king.
louereding, s.
kumeling, s. 24/834.
muni[gin]g. See king.
Page 644
muniging, s.
tok-ning, s. 47/1624.
muning. See wurðing.
murni[n]g. See tidding.
ofspring. See king.
ring, s.
wurðing, s. 61/2140.
spring, s.
timing, s. 36/1244.
ðhing. See tiding.
ðing, s.
giscing, s. 100/3516;
king, s. 62/2172;
twie-wifing, s. 13/450.
tidding, s.
murni[n]g, s. 83/2908.
tiding, s.
ðhing, s. 30/1026.
timing. See spring.
tok-ning. See muniging.
twie-wifing. See ðing.
wurðing, s.
muning, s. 108/3788. See king,
ring.
-inge
tok-ning, s. 47/1624.
muning. See wurðing.
murni[n]g. See tidding.
ofspring. See king.
ring, s.
wurðing, s. 61/2140.
spring, s.
timing, s. 36/1244.
ðhing. See tiding.
ðing, s.
giscing, s. 100/3516;
king, s. 62/2172;
twie-wifing, s. 13/450.
tidding, s.
murni[n]g, s. 83/2908.
tiding, s.
ðhing, s. 30/1026.
timing. See spring.
tok-ning. See muniging.
twie-wifing. See ðing.
wurðing, s.
muning, s. 108/3788. See king,
ring.
-inge
Page 645
biginninge. See timinge.
kinge. See ðhinge.
singe. See wurðinge.
ðhinge, s. pl.
kinge, s. (gen. pl.?) 2/30.
timinge, s.
biginninge, s. 2/32.
wurðinge, s. (? dat.)
singe, v. 1 sg. 2/34.
-inne
blinne, inf.
sinne, s. 9/290.
-ipte
Egipte, s.
kipte, pret. 90/3164.
-ir, yr
fir, s.
sir, a. 102/3580. See sir.
martyr, s.
sir, a. 15/518.
schir, a.
Seyr, s. 53/1836.
scir. See Seyr.
kinge. See ðhinge.
singe. See wurðinge.
ðhinge, s. pl.
kinge, s. (gen. pl.?) 2/30.
timinge, s.
biginninge, s. 2/32.
wurðinge, s. (? dat.)
singe, v. 1 sg. 2/34.
-inne
blinne, inf.
sinne, s. 9/290.
-ipte
Egipte, s.
kipte, pret. 90/3164.
-ir, yr
fir, s.
sir, a. 102/3580. See sir.
martyr, s.
sir, a. 15/518.
schir, a.
Seyr, s. 53/1836.
scir. See Seyr.
Page 646
Seyr, s.
scir, a. 109/3848. See schir.
sir, (?)
fir, s. 87/3046.
sir, a. See fir, martyr.
-ird
hird. See stired.
-ire
hire, pron.
kire, s. 44/1536;
shire, v. sbj. pres. 58/2036. See
kire.
yre. See kire.
kire, s.
hire, pron. 49/1694;
yre, s. 70/2452;
lire, s. 83/2920. See hire.
lire. See kire.
shire. See hire.
-ired
stired, pp.
hird, pp. 112/3962.
-iri
scir, a. 109/3848. See schir.
sir, (?)
fir, s. 87/3046.
sir, a. See fir, martyr.
-ird
hird. See stired.
-ire
hire, pron.
kire, s. 44/1536;
shire, v. sbj. pres. 58/2036. See
kire.
yre. See kire.
kire, s.
hire, pron. 49/1694;
yre, s. 70/2452;
lire, s. 83/2920. See hire.
lire. See kire.
shire. See hire.
-ired
stired, pp.
hird, pp. 112/3962.
-iri
Page 647
biri, s.
miri, a. 65/2258.
-is, ys
Amonaphis, s.
is, v. 73/2544.
blis. See i-wis, paradis, Pentapolis.
circumcis, a.
iwis, adv. 29/1000.
fis. See ywis.
Genesis. See in wis, i-wis.
Geraris, s.
y-wis, adv. 34/1168.
Gerasis. See in wis.
in wis, adv.
Genesis, s. 72/2522;
Gerasis, s. 44/1516.
is, v.
mis, adv. 7/206;
pris, s. 10/326. See Amonaphis,
ðis, vncircumcis.
ys, s.
wis, a. 4/100.
i-wis, adv.
blis, s. 4/110;
Genesis, s. 12/414. See circumcis.
ywis, adv.
miri, a. 65/2258.
-is, ys
Amonaphis, s.
is, v. 73/2544.
blis. See i-wis, paradis, Pentapolis.
circumcis, a.
iwis, adv. 29/1000.
fis. See ywis.
Genesis. See in wis, i-wis.
Geraris, s.
y-wis, adv. 34/1168.
Gerasis. See in wis.
in wis, adv.
Genesis, s. 72/2522;
Gerasis, s. 44/1516.
is, v.
mis, adv. 7/206;
pris, s. 10/326. See Amonaphis,
ðis, vncircumcis.
ys, s.
wis, a. 4/100.
i-wis, adv.
blis, s. 4/110;
Genesis, s. 12/414. See circumcis.
ywis, adv.
Page 648
fis, s. 5/160. See Geraris.
mis. See is.
paradis, s.
blis, s. 7/210, 12/382;
pris, s. 9/292.
Pentapolis, s.
blis, s. 22/748;
Seboys, s. 24/838.
pris, s.
to wis, adv. 113/3992;
wis, a. 8/260, 64/2248. See is,
paradis, Tarbis, wis.
Seboys. See Pentapolis.
Tarbis, s.
pris, s. 77/2690.
ðis, pron.
is, v. 18/602, 85/2994;
wis, a. 104/3672.
to wis. See pris.
vncircumcis, a.
is, v. 81/2842.
wis, a.
pris, s. 77/2700. See ys, pris, ðis.
-isce
blisce. See gisse.
mis. See is.
paradis, s.
blis, s. 7/210, 12/382;
pris, s. 9/292.
Pentapolis, s.
blis, s. 22/748;
Seboys, s. 24/838.
pris, s.
to wis, adv. 113/3992;
wis, a. 8/260, 64/2248. See is,
paradis, Tarbis, wis.
Seboys. See Pentapolis.
Tarbis, s.
pris, s. 77/2690.
ðis, pron.
is, v. 18/602, 85/2994;
wis, a. 104/3672.
to wis. See pris.
vncircumcis, a.
is, v. 81/2842.
wis, a.
pris, s. 77/2700. See ys, pris, ðis.
-isce
blisce. See gisse.
Page 649
-isen
a-grisen, pret. pl.
risen, pp. 20/668.
-isse
blisse. See iwisse.
gisse, v. sbj.
blisce, s. 100/3518.
iwisse, adv.
blisse, s. 3/92.
-ist
Antecrist. See Crist.
Crist, s.
Antecrist, s. 15/508.
list. See ðrist.
ðrist, s.
list, s. 28/978, 35/1230.
-it
it, pron.
lit, s. 56/1968;
writ, s. 57/1974.
-ite
bite, s.
a-grisen, pret. pl.
risen, pp. 20/668.
-isse
blisse. See iwisse.
gisse, v. sbj.
blisce, s. 100/3518.
iwisse, adv.
blisse, s. 3/92.
-ist
Antecrist. See Crist.
Crist, s.
Antecrist, s. 15/508.
list. See ðrist.
ðrist, s.
list, s. 28/978, 35/1230.
-it
it, pron.
lit, s. 56/1968;
writ, s. 57/1974.
-ite
bite, s.
Page 650
smite, s. 85/2990.
-iten
fliten, pp.
smiten, pp. 105/3690.
witen, v. pl.
writen, pp. 16/524.
wliten, s. sg.
eten, inf. 65/2290. See writen.
writen, pp.
wliten, s. sg. 103/3614. See witen.
-ið
frið, s.
grið, s. 20/682;
wið, postp. 23/790.
grið, s.
wið, postp. 14/470. See frið, wið.
lið, s. See wið.
lið, v. See nið.
nið, s.
lið, v. 3 sg. 55/1916;
sið, s. 73/2546.
nyð, s.
sið, s. 8/274.
sið. See nið, nyð.
-iten
fliten, pp.
smiten, pp. 105/3690.
witen, v. pl.
writen, pp. 16/524.
wliten, s. sg.
eten, inf. 65/2290. See writen.
writen, pp.
wliten, s. sg. 103/3614. See witen.
-ið
frið, s.
grið, s. 20/682;
wið, postp. 23/790.
grið, s.
wið, postp. 14/470. See frið, wið.
lið, s. See wið.
lið, v. See nið.
nið, s.
lið, v. 3 sg. 55/1916;
sið, s. 73/2546.
nyð, s.
sið, s. 8/274.
sið. See nið, nyð.
Page 651
smið. See wið.
wið, postp.
grið, s. 17/560;
lið, s. 52/1804;
smið, s. 14/466. See frið, grið.
-iðe
bliðe, a.
swiðe, adv. 68/2376.
fiðe. See vn-miðe.
friðe. See siðe.
siðe, s.
friðe, v. sbj. 88/3094.
swiðe. See bliðe.
vn-miðe, s.
fiðe (for siðe), s. 113/3974.
-iðer
liðer, a.
neðer, adv. 11/370.
niðer, adv.
wiðer, adv. 96/3386.
-iue
for-giue, v. sbj.
liuen, v. pl. 71/2496.
wið, postp.
grið, s. 17/560;
lið, s. 52/1804;
smið, s. 14/466. See frið, grið.
-iðe
bliðe, a.
swiðe, adv. 68/2376.
fiðe. See vn-miðe.
friðe. See siðe.
siðe, s.
friðe, v. sbj. 88/3094.
swiðe. See bliðe.
vn-miðe, s.
fiðe (for siðe), s. 113/3974.
-iðer
liðer, a.
neðer, adv. 11/370.
niðer, adv.
wiðer, adv. 96/3386.
-iue
for-giue, v. sbj.
liuen, v. pl. 71/2496.
Page 652
giue, v. sbj.
morgen-giwe, s. 41/1428.
-iued
cliued, v. 3 sg.
liued, v. 3 sg. 56/1964.
-iuen
cliuen. See liuen, inf.
driuen, pp.
giuen, pp. 48/1682, 90/3166;
liuen, inf. 9/308, 22/752, 32/1126,
62/2166, 66/2322. See
liuen, inf.
giuen, inf.
liuen, inf. 74/2574.
giuen, pp. See driuen, liwen.
liuen, inf.
cliuen, inf. 11/372;
driuen, pp. 17/574. See geuen, bi-
lewen, driuen, giuen, inf.
liuen, v. pl.
geuen, pp. 70/2458. See for-giue.
-iueð
biueð. See liueð.
cliueð. See liueð.
morgen-giwe, s. 41/1428.
-iued
cliued, v. 3 sg.
liued, v. 3 sg. 56/1964.
-iuen
cliuen. See liuen, inf.
driuen, pp.
giuen, pp. 48/1682, 90/3166;
liuen, inf. 9/308, 22/752, 32/1126,
62/2166, 66/2322. See
liuen, inf.
giuen, inf.
liuen, inf. 74/2574.
giuen, pp. See driuen, liwen.
liuen, inf.
cliuen, inf. 11/372;
driuen, pp. 17/574. See geuen, bi-
lewen, driuen, giuen, inf.
liuen, v. pl.
geuen, pp. 70/2458. See for-giue.
-iueð
biueð. See liueð.
cliueð. See liueð.
Page 653
liueð, v. 3 sg.
biueð, v. 3 sg. 65/2280;
cliueð, v. 3 sg. 68/2384.
-iwe (= ive)
morgen-giwe. See giue.
-iwen (= iven)
liwen, inf.
giuen, pp. 116/4098.
-o
blo, a.
wo, s. 19/638.
do, inf. See to.
do, v. sbj.
to, postp. 100/3510. See so, ðer-
to.
euere mo. See wo, s.
fo (= few), a.
wo, s. 69/2404.
fro, postp.
ðo, adv. 91/3196;
wo, s. 7/216, 82/2886, 83/2898.
See ðo, adv.
Ierico. See so.
mo, a.
biueð, v. 3 sg. 65/2280;
cliueð, v. 3 sg. 68/2384.
-iwe (= ive)
morgen-giwe. See giue.
-iwen (= iven)
liwen, inf.
giuen, pp. 116/4098.
-o
blo, a.
wo, s. 19/638.
do, inf. See to.
do, v. sbj.
to, postp. 100/3510. See so, ðer-
to.
euere mo. See wo, s.
fo (= few), a.
wo, s. 69/2404.
fro, postp.
ðo, adv. 91/3196;
wo, s. 7/216, 82/2886, 83/2898.
See ðo, adv.
Ierico. See so.
mo, a.
Page 654
ðo, adv. 13/424, 20/670, 21/732,
22/740, 29/988;
ðo, pron. pl. 17/578, 30/1046,
108/3814, 112/3938;
wo, s. 69/2402. See wo, s.
so, adv.
do, v. sbj. 99/3504;
Ierico, s. 111/3918;
so, adv. 34/1196;
two, a. 21/706. See temptatio,
ðore-to, ðor-to, to, two, a.
swo. See two, a.
temptatio, s.
so, adv. 96/3368.
ðer-to, adv.
do, v. sbj. 110/3870.
ðo, adv.
fro, postp. 26/902, 45/1552;
moo, a. 13/428. See fro, mo, wo,
a.
ðo, pron. pl.
wo, s. 60/2100. See mo.
ðore-to, adv.
so, adv. 17/590.
ðor-fro. See oo.
ðor-to, adv.
so, adv. 20/664.
to, postp.
do, inf. 50/1754;
22/740, 29/988;
ðo, pron. pl. 17/578, 30/1046,
108/3814, 112/3938;
wo, s. 69/2402. See wo, s.
so, adv.
do, v. sbj. 99/3504;
Ierico, s. 111/3918;
so, adv. 34/1196;
two, a. 21/706. See temptatio,
ðore-to, ðor-to, to, two, a.
swo. See two, a.
temptatio, s.
so, adv. 96/3368.
ðer-to, adv.
do, v. sbj. 110/3870.
ðo, adv.
fro, postp. 26/902, 45/1552;
moo, a. 13/428. See fro, mo, wo,
a.
ðo, pron. pl.
wo, s. 60/2100. See mo.
ðore-to, adv.
so, adv. 17/590.
ðor-fro. See oo.
ðor-to, adv.
so, adv. 20/664.
to, postp.
do, inf. 50/1754;
Page 655
so, adv. 27/916, 52/1828,
71/2492, 99/3470,
102/3586;
two, a. 32/1094. See do, sbj., two,
a.
two (for to). See two, a.
two, a.
so, adv. 17/572, 27/942;
swo, adv. 31/1070;
to, postp. 80/2814;
two (for to), 37/1292. See so, to.
wo, s.
euere mo, adv. 3/70;
mo, a. 11/354;
wo, s. 85/2992. See blo, fo, fro,
mo, ðo, pron.
wo, a.
ðo, adv. 88/3090.
-oc
boc. See mod [MS. moð].
for-soc, pret.
tok, pret. 53/1834.
oc, conj.
mod, s. 111/3924;
ouer-toc, pret. 50/1756;
toc, pret. 41/1416, 49/1690. See
toc, fot.
ouer-toc. See oc.
71/2492, 99/3470,
102/3586;
two, a. 32/1094. See do, sbj., two,
a.
two (for to). See two, a.
two, a.
so, adv. 17/572, 27/942;
swo, adv. 31/1070;
to, postp. 80/2814;
two (for to), 37/1292. See so, to.
wo, s.
euere mo, adv. 3/70;
mo, a. 11/354;
wo, s. 85/2992. See blo, fo, fro,
mo, ðo, pron.
wo, a.
ðo, adv. 88/3090.
-oc
boc. See mod [MS. moð].
for-soc, pret.
tok, pret. 53/1834.
oc, conj.
mod, s. 111/3924;
ouer-toc, pret. 50/1756;
toc, pret. 41/1416, 49/1690. See
toc, fot.
ouer-toc. See oc.
Page 656
toc, pret.
oc, conj. 34/1172, 45/1568. See
oc.
-och
Enoch, s.
toch, pret. 15/500.
Iaboch, s.
toch, pret. 96/3372.
toch. See Enoch, Iaboch.
-od
bi-stod, pret.
mod, s. 109/3858,
blod, s.
good, a. 48/1662. See flod, god,
s., god, a., under-stod,
wod.
brod. See god, a.
flod, s.
blod, s. 80/2816. See God, s.,
stod.
God, s.
flod, s. 91/3186.
god, s.
blod, s. 42/1452.
god, a.
oc, conj. 34/1172, 45/1568. See
oc.
-och
Enoch, s.
toch, pret. 15/500.
Iaboch, s.
toch, pret. 96/3372.
toch. See Enoch, Iaboch.
-od
bi-stod, pret.
mod, s. 109/3858,
blod, s.
good, a. 48/1662. See flod, god,
s., god, a., under-stod,
wod.
brod. See god, a.
flod, s.
blod, s. 80/2816. See God, s.,
stod.
God, s.
flod, s. 91/3186.
god, s.
blod, s. 42/1452.
god, a.
Page 657
blod, s. 34/1192;
brod, s. 105/3712;
mod, s. 102/3602;
mood, s. 12/408;
seri-mod, a. 53/1850;
under-stod, pret. 98/3434. See
mod.
mod, s.
fot, s. 65/2272;
god, a. 21/718, 41/1442;
good, a. 10/334;
under-stod, pret. 63/2210. See oc,
bi-stod, god, a., stod.
mod, s. [MS. moð.]
boc, s. 102/3604.
seri-mod. See god, a.
sori-mod. See stod.
stod, pret.
flod, s. 18/596, 74/2602;
mod, s. 33/1162;
sori-mod, a. 100/3520. See good,
a.
under-stod, pret.
blod, s. 42/1468, 65/2276. See
god, a., mod.
vnder-stod, pret.
good, a. 68/2394.
wod, a.
blod, s. 31/1074, 84/2960.
brod, s. 105/3712;
mod, s. 102/3602;
mood, s. 12/408;
seri-mod, a. 53/1850;
under-stod, pret. 98/3434. See
mod.
mod, s.
fot, s. 65/2272;
god, a. 21/718, 41/1442;
good, a. 10/334;
under-stod, pret. 63/2210. See oc,
bi-stod, god, a., stod.
mod, s. [MS. moð.]
boc, s. 102/3604.
seri-mod. See god, a.
sori-mod. See stod.
stod, pret.
flod, s. 18/596, 74/2602;
mod, s. 33/1162;
sori-mod, a. 100/3520. See good,
a.
under-stod, pret.
blod, s. 42/1468, 65/2276. See
god, a., mod.
vnder-stod, pret.
good, a. 68/2394.
wod, a.
blod, s. 31/1074, 84/2960.
Page 658
-odd
Godd, s.
modd, s. 2/36.
-ode
bode, s.
Gode, s. dat. 12/396, 18/622,
81/2860. See Gode.
for-bode. See Gode.
Gode, s.
bode, s. 29/1008, 37/1286,
86/3016, 86/3034,
100/3538;
for-bode, s. 112/3932. See bode.
-of
drof. See heuene-rof, of.
heuene-rof, s.
drof, s. 4/102.
of, adv.
drof, s. 102/3582.
-og
a-nog. See wið-drog.
bog. See tog.
drog, pret.
ynog, adv. 111/3910.
Godd, s.
modd, s. 2/36.
-ode
bode, s.
Gode, s. dat. 12/396, 18/622,
81/2860. See Gode.
for-bode. See Gode.
Gode, s.
bode, s. 29/1008, 37/1286,
86/3016, 86/3034,
100/3538;
for-bode, s. 112/3932. See bode.
-of
drof. See heuene-rof, of.
heuene-rof, s.
drof, s. 4/102.
of, adv.
drof, s. 102/3582.
-og
a-nog. See wið-drog.
bog. See tog.
drog, pret.
ynog, adv. 111/3910.
Page 659
ynog. See drog, wið-drog.
slog, pret.
swog, s. 14/484.
tog, pret.
bog, s. 18/608.
ut-drog, pret.
nuge, adv. 38/1328.
wið-drog, pret.
a-nog, adv. 18/600;
ynog, adv. 108/3804.
-ogen
bi-togen, pp.
drogen, pp. 51/1772. See flogen.
drogen. See bi-togen, sogen, togen.
flogen, pp.
bi-togen, pp. 108/3796.
sogen, pp.
drogen, pp. 79/2786.
togen, pp.
drogen, pp. 104/3648.
-ogt
bi-sogt. See nogt, pron.
biðogt, pp.
brogt, pp. 2/38.
slog, pret.
swog, s. 14/484.
tog, pret.
bog, s. 18/608.
ut-drog, pret.
nuge, adv. 38/1328.
wið-drog, pret.
a-nog, adv. 18/600;
ynog, adv. 108/3804.
-ogen
bi-togen, pp.
drogen, pp. 51/1772. See flogen.
drogen. See bi-togen, sogen, togen.
flogen, pp.
bi-togen, pp. 108/3796.
sogen, pp.
drogen, pp. 79/2786.
togen, pp.
drogen, pp. 104/3648.
-ogt
bi-sogt. See nogt, pron.
biðogt, pp.
brogt, pp. 2/38.
Page 660
bogt, pp.
wrogt, pp. 105/3684.
brog[t]. See wrogt.
brogt, pp.
forwrogt, pp. 8/266;
nogt, adv. 113/3978;
sogt, pp. 25/848;
wrogt, pp. 74/2606. See biðogt,
hogt, i-wrogt, nogt, pron.,
nogt, adv., ouer-ðogt, sogt,
ðhogt, wrogt, bi-sogte.
dhogt, s.
nogt, adv. 33/1154.
forwrogt. See brogt.
hogt, pp.
brogt, pp. 61/2120.
i-wrogt, pp.
brogt, pp. 91/3216.
nogt, pron.
bi-sogt, pp. 88/3080;
brogt, pp. 15/488, 29/1018;
wrogt, pp. 2/40, 8/270. See ðogt.
nogt, adv.
brogt, pp. 16/550, 25/874,
67/2344, 68/2386,
112/3936;
sogt, pp. 55/1934, 89/3130;
sowt, pp. 82/2870;
ðogt, s. 31/1072, 67/2330;
wrogt, pp. 52/1812, 53/1860,
56/1940, 57/1982,
wrogt, pp. 105/3684.
brog[t]. See wrogt.
brogt, pp.
forwrogt, pp. 8/266;
nogt, adv. 113/3978;
sogt, pp. 25/848;
wrogt, pp. 74/2606. See biðogt,
hogt, i-wrogt, nogt, pron.,
nogt, adv., ouer-ðogt, sogt,
ðhogt, wrogt, bi-sogte.
dhogt, s.
nogt, adv. 33/1154.
forwrogt. See brogt.
hogt, pp.
brogt, pp. 61/2120.
i-wrogt, pp.
brogt, pp. 91/3216.
nogt, pron.
bi-sogt, pp. 88/3080;
brogt, pp. 15/488, 29/1018;
wrogt, pp. 2/40, 8/270. See ðogt.
nogt, adv.
brogt, pp. 16/550, 25/874,
67/2344, 68/2386,
112/3936;
sogt, pp. 55/1934, 89/3130;
sowt, pp. 82/2870;
ðogt, s. 31/1072, 67/2330;
wrogt, pp. 52/1812, 53/1860,
56/1940, 57/1982,
Page 661
63/2218, 102/3588. See
brogt, dhogt, sogt, ðhogt,
ðogt, wrogt.
ouer-ðogt, pp.
brogt, pp. 64/2220.
sogt, pp.
brogt, pp. 105/3708;
nogt, adv. 51/1770, 62/2162;
up-brogt, pp. 91/3190. See brogt,
nogt, adv.
ðhogt, s.
brogt, pp. 45/1580;
nogt, adv. 60/2112, 62/2168,
115/4062;
wrogt, pp. 33/1150, 112/3952.
ðogt, s.
nogt, pron. 58/2014, 114/4018;
nogt, adv. 110/3874. See nogt,
adv., wrogt.
up-brogt. See sogt.
vt-brogt, pp.
wrogt, pp. 90/3174.
wrogt, pp.
brog[t], pp. 8/250;
brogt, pp. 3/62, 4/124, 9/294,
11/378, 80/2824,
103/3628;
nogt, adv. 74/2596;
ðogt, s. 84/2962. See bogt, brogt,
nogt, pron., nogt, adv.,
ðhogt, vt-brogt.
brogt, dhogt, sogt, ðhogt,
ðogt, wrogt.
ouer-ðogt, pp.
brogt, pp. 64/2220.
sogt, pp.
brogt, pp. 105/3708;
nogt, adv. 51/1770, 62/2162;
up-brogt, pp. 91/3190. See brogt,
nogt, adv.
ðhogt, s.
brogt, pp. 45/1580;
nogt, adv. 60/2112, 62/2168,
115/4062;
wrogt, pp. 33/1150, 112/3952.
ðogt, s.
nogt, pron. 58/2014, 114/4018;
nogt, adv. 110/3874. See nogt,
adv., wrogt.
up-brogt. See sogt.
vt-brogt, pp.
wrogt, pp. 90/3174.
wrogt, pp.
brog[t], pp. 8/250;
brogt, pp. 3/62, 4/124, 9/294,
11/378, 80/2824,
103/3628;
nogt, adv. 74/2596;
ðogt, s. 84/2962. See bogt, brogt,
nogt, pron., nogt, adv.,
ðhogt, vt-brogt.
Page 662
-ogte
bi-sogte, pp.
brogt, pp. 15/520.
-ok
Iabok. See tok.
ok. See tok.
tok, pret.
Iabok, s. 111/3914;
nam, pret. 27/946;
ok, conj. 27/944. See for-soc.
-oke
roke, s.
smoke, s. 34/1164.
-oken
boken. See loken, inf.
broken, pp.
luken, pp. 11/362. See wroken.
loken, inf.
boken, s. 1/4;
token, pret. pl. 91/3194.
loken, pp. See troken.
spoken, pret. pl.
token, s. 83/2914.
bi-sogte, pp.
brogt, pp. 15/520.
-ok
Iabok. See tok.
ok. See tok.
tok, pret.
Iabok, s. 111/3914;
nam, pret. 27/946;
ok, conj. 27/944. See for-soc.
-oke
roke, s.
smoke, s. 34/1164.
-oken
boken. See loken, inf.
broken, pp.
luken, pp. 11/362. See wroken.
loken, inf.
boken, s. 1/4;
token, pret. pl. 91/3194.
loken, pp. See troken.
spoken, pret. pl.
token, s. 83/2914.
Page 663
to-broken. See luken.
token, s. See spoken.
token, pret. pl. See loken, inf.
troken, inf.
loken, pp. 4/106.
wroken, pp. or pret. pl.
broken, pp. 91/3192.
-old
arche-wold. See hold (= old).
awold,
bold, a. 78/2728;
told, pp. 48/1672;
wold, pp. 16/526. See cold.
bi-told. See hold (= old), a.
bold, a.
o-wold, 10/324;
told, pp. 55/1918;
wold, s. 61/2122. See awold.
cold, a.
a-wold, 56/1944;
wold, s. 57/2000. See wold, pp.
gold, s.
hold, a. 77/2704, 93/3284. See
hold, hold, a.
hold, (?)
gold, s. 112/3942.
token, s. See spoken.
token, pret. pl. See loken, inf.
troken, inf.
loken, pp. 4/106.
wroken, pp. or pret. pl.
broken, pp. 91/3192.
-old
arche-wold. See hold (= old).
awold,
bold, a. 78/2728;
told, pp. 48/1672;
wold, pp. 16/526. See cold.
bi-told. See hold (= old), a.
bold, a.
o-wold, 10/324;
told, pp. 55/1918;
wold, s. 61/2122. See awold.
cold, a.
a-wold, 56/1944;
wold, s. 57/2000. See wold, pp.
gold, s.
hold, a. 77/2704, 93/3284. See
hold, hold, a.
hold, (?)
gold, s. 112/3942.
Page 664
hold, a.
gold, s. 23/794, 40/1390. See
gold.
hold (= old), a.
arche-wold, s. 17/576;
bi-told, pret. 27/920;
manige-fold, a. 71/2502;
told, pp. 30/1028, 54/1894,
83/2912, 106/3736,
116/4088;
wold, s. 27/938;
wold, pp. 13/420.
manige-fold. See hold (= old).
old, a.
sold, pp. 55/1908;
told, pp. 35/1206, 39/1358,
42/1476. See told.
o-wold. See bold.
sold, pp.
wold, s. 56/1958. See old, told.
told, pp.
old, a. 19/658, 29/990, 37/1284,
118/4146;
sold, pp. 57/1994;
wold, s. 97/3412;
wold, s. 110/3892. See awold,
bold, hold (= old), old.
wold, s. (= hill). See hold (= old),
told.
wold, s. (= power, &c.). See bold,
cold, sold, told,
gold, s. 23/794, 40/1390. See
gold.
hold (= old), a.
arche-wold, s. 17/576;
bi-told, pret. 27/920;
manige-fold, a. 71/2502;
told, pp. 30/1028, 54/1894,
83/2912, 106/3736,
116/4088;
wold, s. 27/938;
wold, pp. 13/420.
manige-fold. See hold (= old).
old, a.
sold, pp. 55/1908;
told, pp. 35/1206, 39/1358,
42/1476. See told.
o-wold. See bold.
sold, pp.
wold, s. 56/1958. See old, told.
told, pp.
old, a. 19/658, 29/990, 37/1284,
118/4146;
sold, pp. 57/1994;
wold, s. 97/3412;
wold, s. 110/3892. See awold,
bold, hold (= old), old.
wold, s. (= hill). See hold (= old),
told.
wold, s. (= power, &c.). See bold,
cold, sold, told,
Page 665
wold, pp.
cold, a. 8/256. See awold, hold (=
old).
-olde
arche-wolde. See olde.
golde, s.
wolde, pret. 103/3620.
olde, a.
arche-wolde, s. dat. 18/614.
wolde. See golde.
-olen
colen, s. pl.
ðolen, inf. 76/2654.
for-holen, pp.
stolen, pp. 51/1760, 66/2318,
67/2332. See stolen, ðolen,
v. pl.
for-olen, pp.
stolen, pp. 50/1748.
stolen, pp.
for-holen, pp. 54/1870. See for-
holen, for-olen.
ðolen, inf.
to-bolen, pp. 28/970. See colen.
ðolen, v. pl.
cold, a. 8/256. See awold, hold (=
old).
-olde
arche-wolde. See olde.
golde, s.
wolde, pret. 103/3620.
olde, a.
arche-wolde, s. dat. 18/614.
wolde. See golde.
-olen
colen, s. pl.
ðolen, inf. 76/2654.
for-holen, pp.
stolen, pp. 51/1760, 66/2318,
67/2332. See stolen, ðolen,
v. pl.
for-olen, pp.
stolen, pp. 50/1748.
stolen, pp.
for-holen, pp. 54/1870. See for-
holen, for-olen.
ðolen, inf.
to-bolen, pp. 28/970. See colen.
ðolen, v. pl.
Page 666
for-holen, pp. 98/3446.
to-bolen. See ðolen, inf.
-om
hom. See on-on.
-ome
come, s.
nome, s. 65/2268.
-omen
comen. See numen.
nomen, pp.
cumen, inf. 87/3040.
-on
Aaraon. See on, postp.
Aaron, s.
don, inf. 85/2980;
don, pp. 109/3842;
gon, inf. 108/3800, 116/4094;
on, postp. 85/2998;
ouer-gon, inf. 99/3490;
Pharaon, s. 85/2986, 87/3064;
ston, s. 96/3388;
ðor-on, adv. 109/3838. See a-non,
on, postp., vt-gon, pp.
to-bolen. See ðolen, inf.
-om
hom. See on-on.
-ome
come, s.
nome, s. 65/2268.
-omen
comen. See numen.
nomen, pp.
cumen, inf. 87/3040.
-on
Aaraon. See on, postp.
Aaron, s.
don, inf. 85/2980;
don, pp. 109/3842;
gon, inf. 108/3800, 116/4094;
on, postp. 85/2998;
ouer-gon, inf. 99/3490;
Pharaon, s. 85/2986, 87/3064;
ston, s. 96/3388;
ðor-on, adv. 109/3838. See a-non,
on, postp., vt-gon, pp.
Page 667
Abiron, s.
a-non, adv. 107/3758. See don, pp.
a-gon, pp. See a-gon, adv.
a-gon, adv.
a-gon, pp. 3/78;
non, a. 64/2244;
ston, s. 32/1120.
See fon, gon, pp., on, a., ouer-gon,
pp.
agon, postp.
ton, a. 29/1010.
See gon, pp.
Amon, s.
on (?), 33/1158.
a-non, adv.
Aaron, s. 102/3592, 110/3864 ;
gon, inf. 84/2932;
on, a. 100/3528;
ouer-gon, pp. 34/1186;
Pharaon, s. 84/2940. See Abiron,
on, a.
Araon, s.
don, inf. 84/2934.
don, inf.
her-up-on, adv. 47/1628;
on, postp. 31/1076, 58/2032, 74/
2598, 95/3358, 97/3410,
98/3452, 101/3570,
109/3826, 111/3926;
ðor-on, adv. 30/1042, 102/3606.
a-non, adv. 107/3758. See don, pp.
a-gon, pp. See a-gon, adv.
a-gon, adv.
a-gon, pp. 3/78;
non, a. 64/2244;
ston, s. 32/1120.
See fon, gon, pp., on, a., ouer-gon,
pp.
agon, postp.
ton, a. 29/1010.
See gon, pp.
Amon, s.
on (?), 33/1158.
a-non, adv.
Aaron, s. 102/3592, 110/3864 ;
gon, inf. 84/2932;
on, a. 100/3528;
ouer-gon, pp. 34/1186;
Pharaon, s. 84/2940. See Abiron,
on, a.
Araon, s.
don, inf. 84/2934.
don, inf.
her-up-on, adv. 47/1628;
on, postp. 31/1076, 58/2032, 74/
2598, 95/3358, 97/3410,
98/3452, 101/3570,
109/3826, 111/3926;
ðor-on, adv. 30/1042, 102/3606.
Page 668
See Aaron, Araon, Ebron. on,
postp., on-on, Pharaon,
up-on.
don, v. pl.
on, postp. 64/2232.
don, pp.
Abiron, s. 107/3766;
Ebron, s. 69/2424;
her-on, adv. 102/3598;
on, postp. 11/346, 66/2316,
82/2888, 102/3584;
Pharaon, s. 75/2634;
quor-on, adv. 38/1310;
ðor-on, adv. 65/2262, 111/3906,
113/ 3970.
See Aaron, Ebron, here-on, on,
postp., on, a., Pharaon,
ðor-on, un-don, pp.
Ebron, s.
don, inf. 55/1932;
don, pp. 71/2488;
gon, pp. 54/1892 ;
on, postp. 24/812, 106/3716.
See don, pp., on, postp., on, a.
Edon, s.
on, postp. 54/1900.
Faraon, s.
ut-gon, inf. 80/2796.
fon, s. pl.
agon, adv. 13/438.
for-don, v. pl.
postp., on-on, Pharaon,
up-on.
don, v. pl.
on, postp. 64/2232.
don, pp.
Abiron, s. 107/3766;
Ebron, s. 69/2424;
her-on, adv. 102/3598;
on, postp. 11/346, 66/2316,
82/2888, 102/3584;
Pharaon, s. 75/2634;
quor-on, adv. 38/1310;
ðor-on, adv. 65/2262, 111/3906,
113/ 3970.
See Aaron, Ebron, here-on, on,
postp., on, a., Pharaon,
ðor-on, un-don, pp.
Ebron, s.
don, inf. 55/1932;
don, pp. 71/2488;
gon, pp. 54/1892 ;
on, postp. 24/812, 106/3716.
See don, pp., on, postp., on, a.
Edon, s.
on, postp. 54/1900.
Faraon, s.
ut-gon, inf. 80/2796.
fon, s. pl.
agon, adv. 13/438.
for-don, v. pl.
Page 669
on, postp. 73/2550.
for-don, pp.
ðor-on, adv. 32/1116.
See on, postp.
forð-don, inf.
on, postp. 113/3994.
gon, inf.
manigon, a. 19/630;
non, pron. or a. 25/846, 73/2562,
89/3126, 101/3542;
on, postp. 19/644, 108/3794;
ouer-gon, inf. 86/3004;
Pharaon, s. 82/2862;
Symeon, s. 63/2196;
ston, s. 110/3866. See a-gen, adv.,
Aaron, a-non, on, postp.,
on, a., on-on, Pharaon,
ston, ðor-on, up-on.
gon, v. pl. See on, a.
gon, pp.
a-gon, adv. 28/958, 64/2238;
a-gon, postp. 41/1438;
non, a. 71/2474, 94/3298;
on, (?) 19/640;
on, a. or pron. 24/836;
o-non, adv. 96/3380. See Ebron.
here-on, adv.
don, pp. 86/3012.
her-on. See don, pp.
her-up-on. See don, inf.
for-don, pp.
ðor-on, adv. 32/1116.
See on, postp.
forð-don, inf.
on, postp. 113/3994.
gon, inf.
manigon, a. 19/630;
non, pron. or a. 25/846, 73/2562,
89/3126, 101/3542;
on, postp. 19/644, 108/3794;
ouer-gon, inf. 86/3004;
Pharaon, s. 82/2862;
Symeon, s. 63/2196;
ston, s. 110/3866. See a-gen, adv.,
Aaron, a-non, on, postp.,
on, a., on-on, Pharaon,
ston, ðor-on, up-on.
gon, v. pl. See on, a.
gon, pp.
a-gon, adv. 28/958, 64/2238;
a-gon, postp. 41/1438;
non, a. 71/2474, 94/3298;
on, (?) 19/640;
on, a. or pron. 24/836;
o-non, adv. 96/3380. See Ebron.
here-on, adv.
don, pp. 86/3012.
her-on. See don, pp.
her-up-on. See don, inf.
Page 670
in-gon. See on-on.
manigon. See gon, inf.
misdon, pp.
ðer-on, adv. 101/3556;
ðor-on, adv. 97/3420. See on,
postp., Pharaon, ðor-on,
under-fon.
non, a.
Symeon, s. 64/2230. See a-gon,
adv., gon, inf., gon, pp.,
on, a., ouer-gon, pp.
on. (?) See Amon, gon, pp.
on, postp.
Aaraon, s. 101/3540;
Aaron, s. 106/3750;
don, inf. 16/534, 31/1064,
38/1326, 38/1342;
don, pp. 29/1004, 35/1208,
91/3206, 114/4006;
Ebron, s. 57/1970;
for-don, pp. 108/3798;
gon, inf. 117/4114;
mis-don, pp. 117/4142;
Salamon, s. 37/1296;
slon, inf. 50/1752, 56/1938. See
Aaron, don, inf., don, v.
pl., don, pp., Ebron, Edon,
for-don, v. pl., forð-don,
gon, inf., on-on, Pharaon,
promission.
on, a. or pron. (= one).
a-gon, adv. 65/2260, 66/2326;
manigon. See gon, inf.
misdon, pp.
ðer-on, adv. 101/3556;
ðor-on, adv. 97/3420. See on,
postp., Pharaon, ðor-on,
under-fon.
non, a.
Symeon, s. 64/2230. See a-gon,
adv., gon, inf., gon, pp.,
on, a., ouer-gon, pp.
on. (?) See Amon, gon, pp.
on, postp.
Aaraon, s. 101/3540;
Aaron, s. 106/3750;
don, inf. 16/534, 31/1064,
38/1326, 38/1342;
don, pp. 29/1004, 35/1208,
91/3206, 114/4006;
Ebron, s. 57/1970;
for-don, pp. 108/3798;
gon, inf. 117/4114;
mis-don, pp. 117/4142;
Salamon, s. 37/1296;
slon, inf. 50/1752, 56/1938. See
Aaron, don, inf., don, v.
pl., don, pp., Ebron, Edon,
for-don, v. pl., forð-don,
gon, inf., on-on, Pharaon,
promission.
on, a. or pron. (= one).
a-gon, adv. 65/2260, 66/2326;
Page 671
a-non, adv. 66/2324;
don, pp. 97/3398;
Ebron, s. 72/2520;
gon, inf. 18/610, 47/1640,
63/2184, 78/2752,
103/3608, 117/4128;
gon, v. pl. 31/1080;
non, a. 62/2174;
on, a. 107/3784;
Pharaon, s. 61/2126. See a-non,
gon, pp., Symeon.
on-on, adv.
don, inf. 33/1146;
gon, inf. 85/3000;
hom, adv. 63/2200;
in-gon, pp. 31/1068;
on, postp. 34/1176;
ouer-gon, inf. 65/2286. See gon,
pp., Pharaon.
ouer-gon, inf. See Aaron, gon, inf.,
on-on.
ouer-gon, pp.
a-gon, adv. 55/1904;
non, a. 86/3032. See a-non.
Pharaon, s.
don, inf. 59/2066;
don, pp. 59/2074;
gon, inf. 63/2188, 88/3078;
mis-don, pp. 87/3054;
on, postp. 69/2400, 89/3124;
on-on, adv. 83/2918;
ðer-on, adv. 93/3260;
ut-gon, inf. 84/2966;
don, pp. 97/3398;
Ebron, s. 72/2520;
gon, inf. 18/610, 47/1640,
63/2184, 78/2752,
103/3608, 117/4128;
gon, v. pl. 31/1080;
non, a. 62/2174;
on, a. 107/3784;
Pharaon, s. 61/2126. See a-non,
gon, pp., Symeon.
on-on, adv.
don, inf. 33/1146;
gon, inf. 85/3000;
hom, adv. 63/2200;
in-gon, pp. 31/1068;
on, postp. 34/1176;
ouer-gon, inf. 65/2286. See gon,
pp., Pharaon.
ouer-gon, inf. See Aaron, gon, inf.,
on-on.
ouer-gon, pp.
a-gon, adv. 55/1904;
non, a. 86/3032. See a-non.
Pharaon, s.
don, inf. 59/2066;
don, pp. 59/2074;
gon, inf. 63/2188, 88/3078;
mis-don, pp. 87/3054;
on, postp. 69/2400, 89/3124;
on-on, adv. 83/2918;
ðer-on, adv. 93/3260;
ut-gon, inf. 84/2966;
Page 672
vt-gon, inf. 87/3074. See Aaron, a-
non, don, pp., gon, inf., on,
a., vt-gon, inf.
promission, s.
on, postp. 117/4132.
quor-on. See don, pp.
Salamon. See on, postp.
Symeon, s.
on, a. 65/2266. See gon, inf., non.
slon. See on, postp.
son, s. pl.
up-on, postp. 79/2782.
ston, s.
a-gen, postp. 112/3960;
gon, inf. 47/1650, 110/3868,
110/3872;
ðer-on, adv. 51/1778;
ðor-on, adv. 95/3360, 100/3536.
See Aaron, a-gon, adv.,
gon, inf., ðor-on.
ðer-on. See misdon, Pharaon, ston.
ðor-gon. See vnder-gon.
ðor-on, adv.
don, pp. 28/948, 109/3844;
gon, inf. 96/3364;
misdon, pp. 75/2642;
ston, s. 47/1636;
vn-don, pp. 111/3902;
non, don, pp., gon, inf., on,
a., vt-gon, inf.
promission, s.
on, postp. 117/4132.
quor-on. See don, pp.
Salamon. See on, postp.
Symeon, s.
on, a. 65/2266. See gon, inf., non.
slon. See on, postp.
son, s. pl.
up-on, postp. 79/2782.
ston, s.
a-gen, postp. 112/3960;
gon, inf. 47/1650, 110/3868,
110/3872;
ðer-on, adv. 51/1778;
ðor-on, adv. 95/3360, 100/3536.
See Aaron, a-gon, adv.,
gon, inf., ðor-on.
ðer-on. See misdon, Pharaon, ston.
ðor-gon. See vnder-gon.
ðor-on, adv.
don, pp. 28/948, 109/3844;
gon, inf. 96/3364;
misdon, pp. 75/2642;
ston, s. 47/1636;
vn-don, pp. 111/3902;
Page 673
up-gon, inf. 46/1608. See Aaron,
don, inf., don, pp., for-don,
pp., misdon, ston, undon,
pp.
ton. See agon, postp.
under-don, inf.
up-on, postp. 115/4042.
under-fon, inf.
mis-don, pp. 48/1680.
under-gon, inf. See a-gen, adv.
vnder-gon, inf.
ðor-gon, adv. 33/1148.
un-don, a. See up-on.
un-don, pp.
don, pp. 12/386;
ðor-on, adv. 14/464.
vn-don. See ðor-on.
up-gon. See ðor-on.
up-on, postp.
don, inf. 82/2868;
gon, inf. 67/2340;
un-don, a. 76/2662. See son,
under-don.
ut-gon. See Faraon, Pharaon.
vt-gon, inf.
Pharaon, s. 86/3022. See Pharaon.
vt-gon, pp.
don, inf., don, pp., for-don,
pp., misdon, ston, undon,
pp.
ton. See agon, postp.
under-don, inf.
up-on, postp. 115/4042.
under-fon, inf.
mis-don, pp. 48/1680.
under-gon, inf. See a-gen, adv.
vnder-gon, inf.
ðor-gon, adv. 33/1148.
un-don, a. See up-on.
un-don, pp.
don, pp. 12/386;
ðor-on, adv. 14/464.
vn-don. See ðor-on.
up-gon. See ðor-on.
up-on, postp.
don, inf. 82/2868;
gon, inf. 67/2340;
un-don, a. 76/2662. See son,
under-don.
ut-gon. See Faraon, Pharaon.
vt-gon, inf.
Pharaon, s. 86/3022. See Pharaon.
vt-gon, pp.
Page 674
Aaron, s. 88/3082.
-ond
atwond. See hond.
bond, s.
hond, s. 63/2198;
lond, s. 22/764. See lond, wond, s.
fond, s. See hond.
fond, pret.
lond, s. 87/3048;
wond, pret. 117/4136. See hond,
lond, un-bond, wond, s.
hond, s.
atwond, pret. 87/3058;
fond, s. 10/336, 90/3150;
fond, pret. 80/2810;
lond, s. 25/844, 28/960, 37/1288,
61/2144, 72/2508,
81/2852, 85/2968,
88/3102;
sond, s. 92/3242;
up-wond, pret. 88/3084;
wond, s. 83/2916;
wrong, pret. 59/2064. See bond,
lond, sond (=sand), wond,
s.
lond, s.
bond, s. 59/2076, 61/2114;
fond, pret. 37/1280, 77/2712, 110/
3880;
-ond
atwond. See hond.
bond, s.
hond, s. 63/2198;
lond, s. 22/764. See lond, wond, s.
fond, s. See hond.
fond, pret.
lond, s. 87/3048;
wond, pret. 117/4136. See hond,
lond, un-bond, wond, s.
hond, s.
atwond, pret. 87/3058;
fond, s. 10/336, 90/3150;
fond, pret. 80/2810;
lond, s. 25/844, 28/960, 37/1288,
61/2144, 72/2508,
81/2852, 85/2968,
88/3102;
sond, s. 92/3242;
up-wond, pret. 88/3084;
wond, s. 83/2916;
wrong, pret. 59/2064. See bond,
lond, sond (=sand), wond,
s.
lond, s.
bond, s. 59/2076, 61/2114;
fond, pret. 37/1280, 77/2712, 110/
3880;
Page 675
hond, s. 4/104, 20/674, 22/756,
24/ 828, 45/1576, 62/2156,
80/2790, 115/4050,
117/4134;
up-wond, pret., 85/2988. See
bond, fond, pret., hond,
bonde.
sond, s. (=sand).
hond, s. 93/3274. See hond,
strond.
sond, s. (=schond). See wond, s.
strond, s.
sond, s. 78/2718.
un-bond, pret.
fond, pret. 64/2224.
up-wond. See hond, lond.
wond, s.
bond, s. 77/2716;
fond, pret. 84/2944;
hond, s. 80/2804, 108/3822,
109/3828;
sond, s. 77/2714. See hond.
wond, pret. See fond, pret.
-onde
bonde, s.
lond, s. 77/2694.
-ong
24/ 828, 45/1576, 62/2156,
80/2790, 115/4050,
117/4134;
up-wond, pret., 85/2988. See
bond, fond, pret., hond,
bonde.
sond, s. (=sand).
hond, s. 93/3274. See hond,
strond.
sond, s. (=schond). See wond, s.
strond, s.
sond, s. 78/2718.
un-bond, pret.
fond, pret. 64/2224.
up-wond. See hond, lond.
wond, s.
bond, s. 77/2716;
fond, pret. 84/2944;
hond, s. 80/2804, 108/3822,
109/3828;
sond, s. 77/2714. See hond.
wond, pret. See fond, pret.
-onde
bonde, s.
lond, s. 77/2694.
-ong
Page 676
among, postp.
stong, pret. 111/3896;
wrong, s. 23/786. See strong,
a-mong, adv. See song, strong,
wrong, s.
bi-long, adv. See strong.
chirche-gong, s.
messe-song, s. 70/2466.
long, a.
strong, a. 17/564, 32/1100. See
spro[n]g, stong, strong.
long, postp. See stron[g].
messe-song. See chirche-gong.
song, s.
a-mong, adv. 93/3286;
amonge, postp. 21/700;
strong, a. 8/244.
spro[n]g, pret.
long, a. 8/248.
stong, pret.
long, a. 116/4084. See among,
postp.
stron[g], a.
long, postp. 73/2560.
strong, a. (or adv.)
among, postp. 46/1592;
a-mong, adv. 110/3876;
bi-long, adv. 59/2068;
stong, pret. 111/3896;
wrong, s. 23/786. See strong,
a-mong, adv. See song, strong,
wrong, s.
bi-long, adv. See strong.
chirche-gong, s.
messe-song, s. 70/2466.
long, a.
strong, a. 17/564, 32/1100. See
spro[n]g, stong, strong.
long, postp. See stron[g].
messe-song. See chirche-gong.
song, s.
a-mong, adv. 93/3286;
amonge, postp. 21/700;
strong, a. 8/244.
spro[n]g, pret.
long, a. 8/248.
stong, pret.
long, a. 116/4084. See among,
postp.
stron[g], a.
long, postp. 73/2560.
strong, a. (or adv.)
among, postp. 46/1592;
a-mong, adv. 110/3876;
bi-long, adv. 59/2068;
Page 677
long, a. 99/3496;
ut-gong, s. 80/2800;
water-gong, s. 19/662;
wrong, s. 78/2724. See long, a.
song, ðor-mong, wrong, s.
ðor-mong, adv.
strong, a. 93/3266.
ut-gong. See strong.
water-gong. See strong.
wrong, s.
a-mong, adv. 77/2684;
strong, a. 106/3728. See among,
postp., strong.
wrong, pret. See hond.
-onge
a-monge. See song.
-oo (= ō)
moo. See ðo, adv.
oo, adv.
ðor-fro, adv. 4/112.
-ooc
booc. See tooc.
ooc, s.
wooc, a. 54/1874.
ut-gong, s. 80/2800;
water-gong, s. 19/662;
wrong, s. 78/2724. See long, a.
song, ðor-mong, wrong, s.
ðor-mong, adv.
strong, a. 93/3266.
ut-gong. See strong.
water-gong. See strong.
wrong, s.
a-mong, adv. 77/2684;
strong, a. 106/3728. See among,
postp., strong.
wrong, pret. See hond.
-onge
a-monge. See song.
-oo (= ō)
moo. See ðo, adv.
oo, adv.
ðor-fro, adv. 4/112.
-ooc
booc. See tooc.
ooc, s.
wooc, a. 54/1874.
Page 678
tooc, pret.
booc, s. 117/4124.
wooc. See ooc.
-ood
flood. See good, a.
good, s. See mood.
good, a.
flood, s. 15/492, 17/562;
mood, s. 4/128;
stod, pret. 6/186. See blod, mod,
vnder-stod.
mood, s.
good, s. 10/328. See god, a., good,
a.
-open
dropen. See lopen.
lopen, pp.
dropen, pp. 76/2648.
-or
Bala-segor, s.
ðor, adv. 32/1106.
Belphegor. See sor, s.
Cadalamor, s.
stor, a. 25/842.
booc, s. 117/4124.
wooc. See ooc.
-ood
flood. See good, a.
good, s. See mood.
good, a.
flood, s. 15/492, 17/562;
mood, s. 4/128;
stod, pret. 6/186. See blod, mod,
vnder-stod.
mood, s.
good, s. 10/328. See god, a., good,
a.
-open
dropen. See lopen.
lopen, pp.
dropen, pp. 76/2648.
-or
Bala-segor, s.
ðor, adv. 32/1106.
Belphegor. See sor, s.
Cadalamor, s.
stor, a. 25/842.
Page 679
Emor, s.
ðor, adv. 53/1844.
Fegor, s.
mor, a. 114/4032.
for, pret.
swor, pret. 38/1338.
gomor, s.
nunmor, adv. 95/3334;
ðor, adv. 95/3344.
Hor, s.
ðor, adv. 110/3884.
mor, a. or adv.
or, adv. 28/962, 29/994, 114/4034;
sor, s. 15/512;
ðor, adv. 95/3342. See Fegor, or,
sor, a., ðor.
Nachor. See sor, s. ðor.
neuere mor. See sor, s. ðor.
nummor, adv.
or, adv. 52/1814.
nunmor, adv.
sor, s. 30/1048. See gomor, ðor.
or, adv.
mor, adv. 63/2206. See Eliazar,
mor, nummor.
Segor, s.
ðor, adv. 33/1134.
ðor, adv. 53/1844.
Fegor, s.
mor, a. 114/4032.
for, pret.
swor, pret. 38/1338.
gomor, s.
nunmor, adv. 95/3334;
ðor, adv. 95/3344.
Hor, s.
ðor, adv. 110/3884.
mor, a. or adv.
or, adv. 28/962, 29/994, 114/4034;
sor, s. 15/512;
ðor, adv. 95/3342. See Fegor, or,
sor, a., ðor.
Nachor. See sor, s. ðor.
neuere mor. See sor, s. ðor.
nummor, adv.
or, adv. 52/1814.
nunmor, adv.
sor, s. 30/1048. See gomor, ðor.
or, adv.
mor, adv. 63/2206. See Eliazar,
mor, nummor.
Segor, s.
ðor, adv. 33/1134.
Page 680
sor, s.
Belphegor, s. 115/4070;
Nachor, s. 21/734;
neuere mor, adv. 36/1240;
ðor, adv. 86/3008. See mor,
nunmor, ðor.
sor, a.
mor, a. 50/1734;
mor, adv. 73/2566;
ðor, adv. 30/1040, 51/1766,
56/1946. See ðor.
stor. See Cadalamor.
swor. See for.
ðor, adv.
ger, s. pl. 69/2418;
mor, a. 109/3846, 116/4090;
Nachor, s. 39/1348, 40/1384;
neuere mor, adv. 31/1082;
nunmor, adv. 32/1118, 41/1420;
sor, s. 104/3650;
sor, a. 73/2568, 115/4044. See
Bala-*
*segor, Emor, gomor, Hor, mor,
Segor, sor, s., sor, a.
-ore
more, adv.
ðore, adv. 65/2270.
-oren
Belphegor, s. 115/4070;
Nachor, s. 21/734;
neuere mor, adv. 36/1240;
ðor, adv. 86/3008. See mor,
nunmor, ðor.
sor, a.
mor, a. 50/1734;
mor, adv. 73/2566;
ðor, adv. 30/1040, 51/1766,
56/1946. See ðor.
stor. See Cadalamor.
swor. See for.
ðor, adv.
ger, s. pl. 69/2418;
mor, a. 109/3846, 116/4090;
Nachor, s. 39/1348, 40/1384;
neuere mor, adv. 31/1082;
nunmor, adv. 32/1118, 41/1420;
sor, s. 104/3650;
sor, a. 73/2568, 115/4044. See
Bala-*
*segor, Emor, gomor, Hor, mor,
Segor, sor, s., sor, a.
-ore
more, adv.
ðore, adv. 65/2270.
-oren
Page 681
bi-foren, adv. or postp.
boren, s. pl. 52/1798;
boren, pp. 2/48, 42/1472,
52/1826, 58/2006,
65/2284, 66/2292,
69/2430, 71/2504,
72/2518, 73/2572,
83/2930, 92/3252;
coren, s. 60/2104, 61/2134;
sworen, pp. 71/2476, 72/2506,
101/3564;
woren, pret. pl. 68/2380. See
boren, pp., coren, forloren,
pp., soren, sworen.
boren, s. pl. See bi-foren.
boren, pp.
bi-foren, adv. or postp. 40/1378,
45/1556, 49/1708,
74/2580, 74/2588,
79/2762, 92/3250;
for-loren, pp. 16/546, 20/696,
54/1886;
schoren, pp. 35/1200;
sworen, pp. 24/824. See bi-foren,
coren, forloren, pret. pl.,
forloren, pp., sworen, ðor
bi-foren, biforn.
coren, s.
bi-foren, adv. 63/2216, 66/2308;
boren, pp. 62/2160. See bi-foren.
for-loren, pret. pl.
boren, pp. 8/242.
boren, s. pl. 52/1798;
boren, pp. 2/48, 42/1472,
52/1826, 58/2006,
65/2284, 66/2292,
69/2430, 71/2504,
72/2518, 73/2572,
83/2930, 92/3252;
coren, s. 60/2104, 61/2134;
sworen, pp. 71/2476, 72/2506,
101/3564;
woren, pret. pl. 68/2380. See
boren, pp., coren, forloren,
pp., soren, sworen.
boren, s. pl. See bi-foren.
boren, pp.
bi-foren, adv. or postp. 40/1378,
45/1556, 49/1708,
74/2580, 74/2588,
79/2762, 92/3250;
for-loren, pp. 16/546, 20/696,
54/1886;
schoren, pp. 35/1200;
sworen, pp. 24/824. See bi-foren,
coren, forloren, pret. pl.,
forloren, pp., sworen, ðor
bi-foren, biforn.
coren, s.
bi-foren, adv. 63/2216, 66/2308;
boren, pp. 62/2160. See bi-foren.
for-loren, pret. pl.
boren, pp. 8/242.
Page 682
for-loren, pp.
bi-foren, postp. 112/3954;
boren, pp. 33/1144, 72/2512. See
boren, pp.
schoren. See boren, pp.
soren, pp.
bi-foren, postp. 55/1920.
sworen, pp.
bi-foren, postp. 44/1526;
boren, pp. 76/2678, 90/3182. See
bi-foren, boren, pp.
ðor bi-foren.
boren, pp. 20/666, 26/908;
coren, s. 64/2246. See corn.
woren. See bi-foren.
-orn
biforn, adv. (or postp.)
boren, pp. 3/84, 7/220, 8/254,
14/452;
born, pp. 26/906.
born. See biforn.
corn, s.
ðor bi-foren, adv. 87/3050.
-orð
forð. See norð.
bi-foren, postp. 112/3954;
boren, pp. 33/1144, 72/2512. See
boren, pp.
schoren. See boren, pp.
soren, pp.
bi-foren, postp. 55/1920.
sworen, pp.
bi-foren, postp. 44/1526;
boren, pp. 76/2678, 90/3182. See
bi-foren, boren, pp.
ðor bi-foren.
boren, pp. 20/666, 26/908;
coren, s. 64/2246. See corn.
woren. See bi-foren.
-orn
biforn, adv. (or postp.)
boren, pp. 3/84, 7/220, 8/254,
14/452;
born, pp. 26/906.
born. See biforn.
corn, s.
ðor bi-foren, adv. 87/3050.
-orð
forð. See norð.
Page 683
norð, s.
forð, adv. 24/830.
-os
Eliopoleos, s. gen. sg.
ros, pret. 75/2644.
-ost
cost, s.
frost, s. 95/3328.
-ot
bot, s.
mot, v. 84/2958.
bot, pret. See smot.
fot, s.
mot, v. 37/1304, 99/3488;
oc, conj. 71/2498;
spot, s. 93/3280. See mod, wot, v.
1 sg., wot, v. 3 sg.
grot, s.
hot, a. 72/2530.
mot. See bot, fot, wrot.
smot, pret.
bot, pret. 83/2926.
Sochot. See wot, v. 1 sg.
spot. See fot.
forð, adv. 24/830.
-os
Eliopoleos, s. gen. sg.
ros, pret. 75/2644.
-ost
cost, s.
frost, s. 95/3328.
-ot
bot, s.
mot, v. 84/2958.
bot, pret. See smot.
fot, s.
mot, v. 37/1304, 99/3488;
oc, conj. 71/2498;
spot, s. 93/3280. See mod, wot, v.
1 sg., wot, v. 3 sg.
grot, s.
hot, a. 72/2530.
mot. See bot, fot, wrot.
smot, pret.
bot, pret. 83/2926.
Sochot. See wot, v. 1 sg.
spot. See fot.
Page 684
wot, v. 1 sg.
fot, s. 42/1474;
Sochot, s. 53/1840.
wot, v. 3 sg.
fot, s. 89/3114.
wrot, pret.
mot, v. 3 sg. 72/2528.
-oten
bi-hoten. See loten.
loten, inf.
bi-hoten, pp. 89/3132.
-oth
Assaroth, s.
soth, a. 105/3688.
Cabroth. See soth.
Pharaoth. See Sokoth.
Sokoth, s.
Pharaoth, s. 91/3210.
soth, a.
Cabroth, s. 105/3686. See
Assaroth.
-oð
loð, a.
loð, a. 113/3982. See scroð, wroð.
fot, s. 42/1474;
Sochot, s. 53/1840.
wot, v. 3 sg.
fot, s. 89/3114.
wrot, pret.
mot, v. 3 sg. 72/2528.
-oten
bi-hoten. See loten.
loten, inf.
bi-hoten, pp. 89/3132.
-oth
Assaroth, s.
soth, a. 105/3688.
Cabroth. See soth.
Pharaoth. See Sokoth.
Sokoth, s.
Pharaoth, s. 91/3210.
soth, a.
Cabroth, s. 105/3686. See
Assaroth.
-oð
loð, a.
loð, a. 113/3982. See scroð, wroð.
Page 685
scroð, pret.
loð, a. 58/2024, 77/2696.
sloð. See wroð.
wroð, a.
loð, a. 35/1216, 50/1736,
94/3318;
sloð, v. 3 sg. 112/3964.
-oðt (= oð).
loðt. See scroðt.
scroðt, pret.
loðt, a. 10/340.
-oun
circumcicioun. See run.
-out
out. See Teremuth.
-own
town, s.
dun, adv. 78/2740.
-owt
sowt. See nogt, adv.
loð, a. 58/2024, 77/2696.
sloð. See wroð.
wroð, a.
loð, a. 35/1216, 50/1736,
94/3318;
sloð, v. 3 sg. 112/3964.
-oðt (= oð).
loðt. See scroðt.
scroðt, pret.
loðt, a. 10/340.
-oun
circumcicioun. See run.
-out
out. See Teremuth.
-own
town, s.
dun, adv. 78/2740.
-owt
sowt. See nogt, adv.
Page 686
-u
Esau, s.
nu, adv. 43/1492, 45/1562,
46/1584;
ru, a. 44/1544. See ru.
gu, pron.
nu, adv. 72/2510. See nu.
man hu.
nu, adv. 95/3330.
nu, adv.
gu, pron. 89/3120. See Esau, gu,
man hu.
ru, a.
Esau, s. 44/1540. See Esau.
-ud
prud, a. See srud.
prud, s. See srud.
srud, s.
prud, s. 56/1966;
prud, a. 8/272, 25/858, 41/1414,
68/2368, 80/2802.
-uge
nuge. See ut-drog.
-uken
Esau, s.
nu, adv. 43/1492, 45/1562,
46/1584;
ru, a. 44/1544. See ru.
gu, pron.
nu, adv. 72/2510. See nu.
man hu.
nu, adv. 95/3330.
nu, adv.
gu, pron. 89/3120. See Esau, gu,
man hu.
ru, a.
Esau, s. 44/1540. See Esau.
-ud
prud, a. See srud.
prud, s. See srud.
srud, s.
prud, s. 56/1966;
prud, a. 8/272, 25/858, 41/1414,
68/2368, 80/2802.
-uge
nuge. See ut-drog.
-uken
Page 687
luken, pp.
to-broken, pp. 107/3780. See
broken.
-um
Belum, s.
sum, a. 20/686.
Ihesum, s.
sum, a. 96/3376.
on-rum, adv.
dun, adv. 114/4022.
sum. See Belum, Ihesum.
-ume
trume, s.
welcume, a. 53/1830.
-umen
bi-cumen, inf.
binumen (= ben numen), 45/1578.
bi-cumen, pp.
for-numen, pp. 64/2228;
numen, pp. 109/3840.
binumen (= ben numen). See bi-
cumen, inf.
binumen, pp. See cumen, pp.,
ouercumen, inf., munen, inf.
to-broken, pp. 107/3780. See
broken.
-um
Belum, s.
sum, a. 20/686.
Ihesum, s.
sum, a. 96/3376.
on-rum, adv.
dun, adv. 114/4022.
sum. See Belum, Ihesum.
-ume
trume, s.
welcume, a. 53/1830.
-umen
bi-cumen, inf.
binumen (= ben numen), 45/1578.
bi-cumen, pp.
for-numen, pp. 64/2228;
numen, pp. 109/3840.
binumen (= ben numen). See bi-
cumen, inf.
binumen, pp. See cumen, pp.,
ouercumen, inf., munen, inf.
Page 688
cumen, inf.
munen, inf. 47/1622;
numen, pp. 19/634, 69/2070,
61/2128, 81/2826,
87/3066, 107/3768,
118/4160;
wunen, inf. 9/306. See nomen,
numen, under-numen,
sunen, s. pl., wunen, pp.
cumen, pres. pl.
numen, pp. 50/1722.
cumen, pret. pl.
numen, pp. 40/1382.
cumen, pp.
binumen, 23/772, 82/2876;
numen, pp. 11/366, 18/594,
18/620, 32/1112, 33/1142,
38/1316, 67/2346,
93/3270, 98/3438,
103/3640, 105/3680. See
mis-numen, numen,
wunen, s. pl., wunen, v. pl.
for-numen. See bi-cumen, pp.
forð-cumen. See vnder-numen.
kumen, inf.
numen, pp. 12/400.
kumen, pp.
numen, pp. 56/1936.
mis-numen, pp.
cumen, pp. 88/3092.
munen, inf. 47/1622;
numen, pp. 19/634, 69/2070,
61/2128, 81/2826,
87/3066, 107/3768,
118/4160;
wunen, inf. 9/306. See nomen,
numen, under-numen,
sunen, s. pl., wunen, pp.
cumen, pres. pl.
numen, pp. 50/1722.
cumen, pret. pl.
numen, pp. 40/1382.
cumen, pp.
binumen, 23/772, 82/2876;
numen, pp. 11/366, 18/594,
18/620, 32/1112, 33/1142,
38/1316, 67/2346,
93/3270, 98/3438,
103/3640, 105/3680. See
mis-numen, numen,
wunen, s. pl., wunen, v. pl.
for-numen. See bi-cumen, pp.
forð-cumen. See vnder-numen.
kumen, inf.
numen, pp. 12/400.
kumen, pp.
numen, pp. 56/1936.
mis-numen, pp.
cumen, pp. 88/3092.
Page 689
numen, pp.
comen, pp. 10/344;
cumen, inf. 116/4104;
cumen, pp. 12/410, 17/580,
30/1052, 49/1688,
71/2486, 79/2754,
81/2858;
ouer-cumen, pp. 60/2108. See bi-
cumen, pp., cumen, inf.,
cumen, pres. pl., cumen,
pret. pl., cumen, pp.,
kumen, inf., kumen, pp.,
wunen, inf., wunen, v. pl.
ouercumen, inf.
bi-numen, pp. 11/376.
ouer-cumen, pp. See numen.
under-numen, pp.
cumen, inf. 92/3222.
vnder-numen, pp.
forð-cumen, pp. 61/2136.
-un
dragun. See dun, adv.
dun, s.
tun, s. 32/1102.
dun, adv.
dragun, s. 83/2924;
prisun, s. 58/2040, 63/2194. See
town, on-rum, Pharaun,
tun.
comen, pp. 10/344;
cumen, inf. 116/4104;
cumen, pp. 12/410, 17/580,
30/1052, 49/1688,
71/2486, 79/2754,
81/2858;
ouer-cumen, pp. 60/2108. See bi-
cumen, pp., cumen, inf.,
cumen, pres. pl., cumen,
pret. pl., cumen, pp.,
kumen, inf., kumen, pp.,
wunen, inf., wunen, v. pl.
ouercumen, inf.
bi-numen, pp. 11/376.
ouer-cumen, pp. See numen.
under-numen, pp.
cumen, inf. 92/3222.
vnder-numen, pp.
forð-cumen, pp. 61/2136.
-un
dragun. See dun, adv.
dun, s.
tun, s. 32/1102.
dun, adv.
dragun, s. 83/2924;
prisun, s. 58/2040, 63/2194. See
town, on-rum, Pharaun,
tun.
Page 690
Pharaun, s.
dun, adv. 78/2734;
tun, s. 73/2570. See prisun.
prisun, s.
Pharaun, s. 61/2118. See dun, adv.
run, s.
circumcicioun, s. 29/992.
tun, s.
dun, adv. 21/714, 39/1368. See
dun, s., Pharaun.
-und
grund. See stund.
stund, s.
grund, s. 60/2110, 75/2640;
grund, s. [MS. grunð] 93/3278.
-une
mune, inf. See sune, wune, s.
mune, sbj. or imp.
sune, s. 2/46, 99/3472. See sune.
sune, s.
mune, sbj. or imp. 36/1260;
mune, inf. 69/2422;
wune, s. 15/494, 20/676, 47/1652,
55/1910, 96/3370;
wune, v. 33/1156, 36/1254;
wune, a. 44/1530;
dun, adv. 78/2734;
tun, s. 73/2570. See prisun.
prisun, s.
Pharaun, s. 61/2118. See dun, adv.
run, s.
circumcicioun, s. 29/992.
tun, s.
dun, adv. 21/714, 39/1368. See
dun, s., Pharaun.
-und
grund. See stund.
stund, s.
grund, s. 60/2110, 75/2640;
grund, s. [MS. grunð] 93/3278.
-une
mune, inf. See sune, wune, s.
mune, sbj. or imp.
sune, s. 2/46, 99/3472. See sune.
sune, s.
mune, sbj. or imp. 36/1260;
mune, inf. 69/2422;
wune, s. 15/494, 20/676, 47/1652,
55/1910, 96/3370;
wune, v. 33/1156, 36/1254;
wune, a. 44/1530;
Page 691
wunen, inf. 12/404, 27/932. See
mune, sbj. or imp., wune,
s.
wune, s.
mune, inf. 28/972;
sune, s. 15/514, 39/1346, 40/1406,
43/1502, 75/2626;
sunen, s. ?pl. 48/1656. See sune.
wune, v. See sune.
wune, a. See sune.
-unen
munen, inf.
binumen, pp. 6/198;
wunen, s. pl. 20/688. See cumen,
inf., wunen, s. pl.
munen, v. pl. See sunen, s. pl.
sunen, s. pl.
cumen, inf. 62/2176;
munen, v. pl. 16/558, 39/1350;
wunen, s. pl. 99/3482;
wunen, inf. 42/1448, 54/1898;
wunen, v. pl. 19/648;
wunen, pp. 83/2900. See wune, s.
sunen, inf. See wunen, inf.
wunen, s. pl.
cumen, pp. 23/802;
munen, inf. 89/3138. See munen,
inf., sunen, s. pl.
mune, sbj. or imp., wune,
s.
wune, s.
mune, inf. 28/972;
sune, s. 15/514, 39/1346, 40/1406,
43/1502, 75/2626;
sunen, s. ?pl. 48/1656. See sune.
wune, v. See sune.
wune, a. See sune.
-unen
munen, inf.
binumen, pp. 6/198;
wunen, s. pl. 20/688. See cumen,
inf., wunen, s. pl.
munen, v. pl. See sunen, s. pl.
sunen, s. pl.
cumen, inf. 62/2176;
munen, v. pl. 16/558, 39/1350;
wunen, s. pl. 99/3482;
wunen, inf. 42/1448, 54/1898;
wunen, v. pl. 19/648;
wunen, pp. 83/2900. See wune, s.
sunen, inf. See wunen, inf.
wunen, s. pl.
cumen, pp. 23/802;
munen, inf. 89/3138. See munen,
inf., sunen, s. pl.
Page 692
wunen, inf.
numen, pp. 11/368;
sunen, inf. 53/1864. See cumen,
inf., sune, sunen, s. pl.
wunen, v. pl.
cumen, pp. 17/570;
numen, pp. 97/3416. See sunen, s.
pl.
wunen, pp.
cumen, inf. 94/3290. See sunen, s.
pl.
-unes
sunes, s. gen. sg. See wunes.
sunes, s. pl.
wunes, s. pl. 43/1480. See wunes.
wunes, s. pl.
sunes, s. gen. sg. 43/1496;
sunes, s. pl. 16/540, 66/2294. See
sunes, s. pl.
-uneð
muneð, v. 3 sg.
wuneð, v. 3 sg. 69/2410.
-urg
burg, s.
ðurg, postp. 110/3882;
ut-ðhurg, adv. 77/2688.
numen, pp. 11/368;
sunen, inf. 53/1864. See cumen,
inf., sune, sunen, s. pl.
wunen, v. pl.
cumen, pp. 17/570;
numen, pp. 97/3416. See sunen, s.
pl.
wunen, pp.
cumen, inf. 94/3290. See sunen, s.
pl.
-unes
sunes, s. gen. sg. See wunes.
sunes, s. pl.
wunes, s. pl. 43/1480. See wunes.
wunes, s. pl.
sunes, s. gen. sg. 43/1496;
sunes, s. pl. 16/540, 66/2294. See
sunes, s. pl.
-uneð
muneð, v. 3 sg.
wuneð, v. 3 sg. 69/2410.
-urg
burg, s.
ðurg, postp. 110/3882;
ut-ðhurg, adv. 77/2688.
Page 693
-urn
suriurn. See turn.
turn, s.
suriurn, s. 3/64.
-us
Exodus. See vs.
hus, s.
us, pron. 47/1620.
vs, pron.
Exodus, s. 73/2538.
-uth (= ut)
Teremuth, s.
out, adv. 75/2616.
-uð
guð, s.
kuð, pp. 76/2666.
muð, s.
selcuð, a. 113/3972.
-uue
xie. (= endluue), a.
luue, s. 55/1922.
suriurn. See turn.
turn, s.
suriurn, s. 3/64.
-us
Exodus. See vs.
hus, s.
us, pron. 47/1620.
vs, pron.
Exodus, s. 73/2538.
-uth (= ut)
Teremuth, s.
out, adv. 75/2616.
-uð
guð, s.
kuð, pp. 76/2666.
muð, s.
selcuð, a. 113/3972.
-uue
xie. (= endluue), a.
luue, s. 55/1922.
Page 694
-uuen
a-buuen, adv.
luue[n], s. 57/2002;
ut-suuen, pp. 46/1610. See
luue[n], luuen, s., luuen,
inf., luuen, v. pl., suuen.
luue[n], s.
a-buuen, adv. 44/1518. See a-
buuen.
luuen, s.
a-buuen, adv. 19/636, 116/4082.
luuen, inf.
abuuen, adv. 1/10.
luuen, v. pl.
abuuen, adv. 2/50.
suuen, pp.
a-buuen, adv. 4/108.
ut-suuen. See a-buuen.
a-buuen, adv.
luue[n], s. 57/2002;
ut-suuen, pp. 46/1610. See
luue[n], luuen, s., luuen,
inf., luuen, v. pl., suuen.
luue[n], s.
a-buuen, adv. 44/1518. See a-
buuen.
luuen, s.
a-buuen, adv. 19/636, 116/4082.
luuen, inf.
abuuen, adv. 1/10.
luuen, v. pl.
abuuen, adv. 2/50.
suuen, pp.
a-buuen, adv. 4/108.
ut-suuen. See a-buuen.
Page 695
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE INDEX OF RIMES.
a. = adjective; adv. = adverb; conj. = conjunction; dat. = dative; gen. = genitive; imp. or imper.
= imperative; inf. = infinitive; int. = interjection; p. = participle; pl. = plural; postp. =
postposition; pp. = past or passive participle; pres. = present; pret. = preterite; pron. = pronoun;
s. = substantive; sbj. = subjunctive; sg. = singular; v. = verb.
JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.
a. = adjective; adv. = adverb; conj. = conjunction; dat. = dative; gen. = genitive; imp. or imper.
= imperative; inf. = infinitive; int. = interjection; p. = participle; pl. = plural; postp. =
postposition; pp. = past or passive participle; pres. = present; pret. = preterite; pron. = pronoun;
s. = substantive; sbj. = subjunctive; sg. = singular; v. = verb.
JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.
Page 696
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