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Title: Notes and Queries, Number 30, May 25, 1850

Author: Various

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Most recently updated: October 28, 2024

Language: English

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QUERIES, NUMBER 30, MAY 25, 1850 ***

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,
ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

Price
Threepence.
No. 30. SATURDAY, MAY 25, 1850
Stamped Edition
4d.

CONTENTS
NOTES:— Page
Dr. Johnson and Dr. Warton, by F.H. Markland 481
Spenser's Monument 481
Borrowed Thoughts, by S.W. Singer 482
Folk Lore:—Easter Eggs—A Cure for Warts—Charm for Wounds—
482
Fifth Son—Cwm Wybir
Bartholomew Legate, the Martyr 483
Bohn's Edition of Milton's Prose Works 483
Reprint of Jeremy Taylor's Works 483
Dr. Thos. Bever's Legal Polity of Great Britain 483
QUERIES:—
Dr. Richard Holsworth and Thos. Fuller 484
Queries upon Cunningham's Handbook of London 484
On a Passage in Macbeth 484
Minor Queries:—As throng as Throp's Wife—Trimble Family
485
—"Brozier"
REPLIES:—
The Dodo Queries, by S.W. Singer 485
Abbey of St. Wandrille 486
Origin of the Word "News" 487
Replies to Minor Queries:—Dr. Whichcot and Lord Shaftesbury—
Elizabeth and Isabel—Trunck Breeches—Mercenary Preacher—
Abdication of James II.—Toom Shawn Cattie—Wotton's Poem to
Lord Bacon—"My Mind to Me a Kingdom is"—Gesta Grayorum—
488
Marylebone Gardens—Mother of Thomas à Becket—Dr. Strode's
Poem—Lord Carrington—Esquires and Gentlemen—Early
Inscriptions—American Aborigines—Vox Populi—Dutch Language
—Salting, &c.
MISCELLANIES:—

Bishop Burnet as an Historian—Dance Thumbkin—King's Coffee
493
House—Spur Money
MISCELLANEOUS:—
Notes on Books, Catalogues, Sales, &c 494
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 494
Notice to Correspondents 494
Advertisements 495

NOTES
DR. JOHNSON AND DR. WARTON.

Amongst the poems of the Rev. Thos. Warton, vicar of Basingstoke, who is
best remembered as the father of two celebrated sons, is one entitled The
Universal Love of Pleasure, commencing—

"All human race, from China to Peru,
Pleasure, howe'er disguised by art, pursue."
&c. &c.

Warton died in 1745, and his Poems were published in 1748.

Johnson's Vanity of Human Wishes appeared in 1749; but Boswell believes
that it was composed in the preceding year. That Poem, as we well
remember, commences thus tamely:—

"Let observation with extensive view,
Survey Mankind from China to Peru."

Though so immeasurably inferior to his own, Johnson may have noticed
these verses of Warton's with some little attention, and unfortunately
borrowed the only prosaic lines in his poem. Besides the imitation before
quoted, both writers allude to Charles of Sweden. Thus Warton says,—

"'Twas hence rough Charles rush'd forth to ruthless war."

Johnson, in his highly finished picture of the same monarch, says,—

"War sounds the trump, he rushes to the field."

J.H. MARKLAND.

Bath.

SPENSER'S MONUMENT.

In the Lives of English Poets, by William Winstanley (London, printed by
H. Clark for Samuel Manship, 1687), in his account of Spenser, p. 92., he
says, "he died anno 1598, and was honourably buried at the sole charge of
Robert, first of that name, Earl of Essex, on whose monument is written this
epitaph:—

"Edmundus Spenser, Londinensis, Anglicorum poetarum nostri seculi
fuit princeps, quod ejus Poemata, faventibus Musis, et victuro genio
conscripa comprobant. Obiit immatura morte, anno salutis 1598, et
prope Galfredum Chaucerum conditur, qui foelicisime Poesin Anglicis
literis primus illustravit. In quem hæc scripta sunt Epitaphia.

"Hic prope Chaucerum situs est Spenserius, illi
Prominens ingenio, proximum ut tumulo
Hic prope Chaucerum Spensere poeta poetam
Conderis, et versud quam tumulo proprior,
Anglica te vivo vixit, plausitque l'oesis;
Nunc moritura timet, te moriente mori."

I have also a folio copy of Spenser, printed by Henry Hills for Jonathan
Edwin, London, 1679. In a short life therein printed, it says that he was
buried near Chaucer, 1596; and the frontispiece is an engraving of his tomb,
by E. White, which bears this epitaph:—

"Heare lyes (expecting the second comminge of our Saviour, Christ
Jesus) the body of Edmond Spenser, the Prince of Poets in his tyme,
whose Divine spirit needs noe othir witness than the works which he
left behind him. He was borne in London in the yeare 1510, and died
in the yeare 1596."

Beneath are these lines:—

"Such is the tombs the Noble Essex gave
Great Spenser's learned reliques, such his grave:
Howe'er ill-treated in his life he were,

His sacred bones rest honourably here."

How are these two epitaphs, with their differing dates, to be reconciled?
Can he have been born in 1510, as the first one says "obiit immaturâ
morte?" Now eighty-five is not very immature; and I believe he entered at
Pembroke College, Cambridge, in 1569, at which time he would be fifty-
nine, and that at a period when college education commenced at an earlier
age than now. Vertue's portrait, engraved 1727, takes as a motto the last two
lines of the first epitaph—"Anglica te vivo," &c.

E.N.W

Southwark, April 29 1850.

BORROWED THOUGHTS.

Crenius wrote a dissertation De Furibus Librariis, and J. Conrad Schwarz
another De Plagio Literario, in which some curious appropriations are
pointed out; your pages have already contained some additional recent
instances. The writers thus pillaged might exclaim, "Pereant iste qui post
nos nostra dixerunt." Two or three instances have occurred to me which, I
think, have not been noticed. Goldsmith's Madame Blaize is known to be a
free version of La fameuse La Galisse. His well-known epigram,—

"Here lies poor Ned Purdon, from misery freed,"

is borrowed from the following by the Chevalier de Cailly (or d'Aceilly, as
he writes himself) entitled,—

"La Mort du Sieur Etienne.

"Il est au bout de ses travaux,
Il a passé le Sieur Etienne;
En ce monde il eut tant des maux,
Qu'on ne croit pas qu'il revienne."

Another well-know epigram,—

"I do not like thee, Doctor Fell,"

is merely a version of the 33d epigram of the first books of those by the
witty Roger de Bussy, Comte de Rabutin:—

"Je ne vous aime pas, Hylas,
Je n'en saurois dire la cause,
Je sais seulement une chose;
C'est que je ne vous aime pas."

Lastly, Prior's epitaph on himself has its prototype in one long previously
written by or for one John Carnegie:—

"Johnnie Carnegie lais heer,
Descendit of Adam and Eve,
Gif ony con gang hieher,
I'se willing gie him leve."

S.W. SINGER

FOLK LORE.

Easter Eggs (No. 25. p. 397.).—The custom recorded by Brande as being in
use in the North of England in his time, still continues in Richmondshire.

A Cure for Warts is practised with the utmost faith in East Sussex. The nails
are cut, the cuttings carefully wrapped in paper, and placed in the hollow of
a pollard ash, concealed from the birds; when the paper decays, the warts
disappear. For this I can vouch: in my own case the paper did decay, and the
warts did all disappear, and, of course, the effect was produced by the
cause. Does the practice exist elsewhere?

Charm for Wounds.—Boys, in his History of Sandwich, gives, (p. 690.) the
following from the Corporation Records, 1568: a woman examined
touching her power to charm wounds who—

"Sayesth that she can charme for fyer and skalding in forme as oulde
women do, sayeng 'Owt fyer in frost, in the name of the Father, the
Sonne, and the Holly Ghost;' and she hath used when the skyn of
children do cleve fast, to advise the mother to annoynt them with the
mother's milk and oyle olyfe; and for skalding to take oyle olyfe only."

W. DURRANT COOPER.

Fifth Son.—What is the superstition relating to a fifth son? I should be glad
of any illustrations of it. There certainly are instances in which the fifth son
has been the most distinguished scion of the family.

W.S.G.

Cwn Wybir, or Cwn Annwn—Curlews (No. 19. p. 294).—The late ingenious
and well-informed Mr. William Weston Young, then residing in Glamorgan,
gave me the following exposition of these mysterious Dogs of the Sky, or
Dogs of the Abyss, whose aërial cries at first perplexed as well as startled
him. He was in the habit of traversing wild tracts of country, in his
profession of land surveyor and often rode by night. One intensely dark
night he was crossing a desolate range of hills, when he heard a most
diabolical yelping and shrieking in the air, horrible enough in such a region
and at black midnight. He was not, however, a superstitious man, and, being
an observant naturalist, had paid great attention to the notes of birds, and
the remarkable variations between the day and night notes of the same
species. He suspected these strange unearthly sounds to be made by some
gregarious birds on the wing; but the darkness was impenetrable, and he
gazed upwards in vain. The noises, meanwhile, were precisely those which
he had heard ascribed to the Cwn Wybir, and would have been truly
appalling to a superstitious imagination. His quick ear at length caught the
rush of pinions, and, in a short time, a large flight of curlews came
sweeping down to the heather, so near his head, that some of their wings
brushed his hat. They were no sooner settled, than the Cwn Wybir ceased to
be heard. Mr. Young then recollected having noticed similar nocturnal cries
from the curlew, but had never before encountered such a formidable flying
legion of those birds, screaming in a great variety of keys, amidst mountain
echoes.

ELIJAH WARING.

BARTHOLOMEW LEGATE, THE MARTYR.

An erroneous date, resting on such authorities as Mr. Hallam and Mr. J.
Payne Collier, deserves a note. The former in his Const. Hist. (ii. 275. note,
second edition), and the latter in the Egerton Papers, printed for the
Camden Society (p. 446.), assigns the date 1614 to the death of
Bartholomew Legate at Smithfield. The latter also gives the date March 13.
Now the true date is March 18, 1611-12, as will appear by consulting—1.
The commissions and warrants for the burning of Legate and Wightman,
inserted in Truth brought to Light, or the Narrative History of King James
for the first Fourteen Years, 4to. 1651; 2. Chamberlain's Letters to Sir
Dudley Carleton, dated Feb. 26, 1611 (1611-12), and March 25, 1612,
printed in The Court and Times of James I., vol. i. pp. 136. 164.; and 3.
Wallace's Antitrinitarian Biography, vol. ii. p. 534. Fuller, in his Church
History, gives the correct date, and states that his "burning of heretics much
startled common people;" "wherefore King James politicly preferred that
heretics hereafter, though condemned, should silently and privately waste
themselves away in the prison."

Legate and Wightman were, in fact, the last martyrs burnt at the stake in
England for their religious opinions.

A.B.R.

BOHN'S EDITION OF MILTON'S PROSE WORKS.

Three volumes of this edition have already appeared, the last bearing the
date of 1848, and concluding thus:—"End of Vol. III." In the latest
Catalogue, which Mr. Bohn has appended to his publications, appears a
notice of "Milton's Prose Works, complete in 3 vols." This word complete is
not consistent with the words terminating the last volume, nor with the
exact truth. For instance, the History of Britain does not find a place in this
edition; and I can hardly believe that Mr. Bohn originally intended that the

Prose Works of Milton should be issued from his press without a full index.
Without such an index, this edition is comparatively worthless to the
investigator of history. I would therefore suggest to Mr. Bohn (whose
services to literature I most gratefully acknowledge), that he should render
his edition of Milton's Prose Works really complete, by issuing a fourth
volume, which inter alia, might contain the Latin prose works of Milton,
reprinted in Fletcher's edition of 1834, together with any omitted English
prose work of the author, and be terminated, as is usual in Mr. Bohn's
publications, with a full alphabetical index, embracing both persons and
things. The lover of historical pursuits would then have fresh reason to
thank Mr. Bohn.

N.

REPRINT OF JEREMY TAYLOR'S WORKS.

A reprint being called for of vol. iv. of Bishop Jeremy Taylor's Works, now
in course of publication, I would beg permission to make it known to your
readers, that assistance in regard to any references which were not verified
in the former edition of that volume would be very acceptable to me. They
should be sent within the next fortnight.

C. PAGE EDEN.

DR. THOMAS BEVER'S LEGAL POLITY OF GREAT
BRITAIN.

I do not know if such a notice as this is intended to be, is admissible into
your publication.

Many years ago, I bought of a bookseller a MS. intitled "A Short History of
the Legal and Judicial Polity of Great Britain, attempted by Thos. Bever,
LL.D., Advocate in Doctor's Commons, and Fellow of All Souls College,
Oxford, 1759." It is presented to Richard Pennant, Esq.; and there is a letter
from Mr. Bever to Mr. Pennant wafered to the fly-leaf. At the close of the

"Advertisement," the author "earnestly requests that it [the work] may not
be suffered to fall into the hands of a bookseller, or be copied, without his
consent: and whenever it shall become useless, and lose its value (if any it
ever had) with the present owner, that he will be kind enough to return it to
the author if living, or if dead, to any of his surviving family at Mortimer
near Reading, Berks."

In pious sympathy with this wish, I more than thirty years since wrote a
letter, addressed to "—— Bever, Esq., Mortimer, near Reading, Berks,"
offering to give up the volume to any one entitled to it under the above
description; but my letter was returned from the post office with the
announcement "Not found" upon it. I make this other attempt, if you are
pleased to admit it, through you; and immediate attention will be paid to
any claim which may appear in your pages.

J.R.

QUERIES.
DR. RICHARD HOLSWORTH AND THOS. FULLER.

Can any of your readers inform me who was the author of The Valley of
Vision, published in 1651 as the work of Dr. Richard Holsworth, the Master
of Emmanuel College, and Dean of Worcester. In a preface to the reader,
Fuller laments "that so worthy a man should dye issulesse without leaving
any books behind him for the benefit of learning and religion." He adds that
the private notes which he had left behind him were dark and obscure; his
hand being legible only to himself, and almost useless for any other. The
sermon published as The Valley of Vision appears to have been prepared for
publication from the notes of a short-hand writer. When Fuller published,
about eleven years afterwards, his Worthies of England, he wrote thus:—

"Pity it is so learned a person left no monuments (save a sermon) to
posterity; for I behold that posthume work as none of his, named by the
transcriber The Valley of Vision, a Scripture expression, but here
misplaced.... This I conceived myself in credit and conscience
concerned to observe, because I was surprised at the preface to the
book, and will take the blame rather than clear myself, when my
innocency is complicated with the accusing of others."

If, as is probable, Dr. Holsworth, in this instance, preached other men's
sermons, which the short-hand writer afterwards gave to the world as his, it
is a singular fact, that in the preface of this supposititious volume, Fuller
speaks of the abuse of printed sermons by some—

"Who lazily imp their wings with other men's plumes, wherewith they
soar high in common esteeme, yet have not the ingenuity with that son
of the Prophet to confesse, Alasse! it was borrowed."

A.B.R.

QUERIES UPON CUNNINGHAM'S HANDBOOK OF
LONDON.

We promised to make a few QUERIES on this amusing volume, and thus
redeem our promise.

Mr. Cunningham has been the first to point out the precise situation of a
spot often mentioned by our old dramatists, which had baffled the ingenuity
of Gifford, Dyce, and in fact of all the commentators,—the notorious
Picthatch. He thus describes it:—

"Picthatch, or Pickehatch.—A famous receptacle for prostitutes and
pickpockets, generally supposed to have been in Turnmill Street, near
Clerkenwell Green, but its position is determined by a grant of the
33rd of Queen Elizabeth, and a survey of 1649. What was Picthatch is
a street at the back of a narrow turning called Middle Row (formerly
Rotten Row) opposite the Charter-house wall in Goswell Street. The
name is still preserved in 'Pickax Yard' adjoining Middle Row."

Why then, among the curious illustrations which he has brought to bear
upon the subject, has Mr. Cunningham omitted that of the origin of the
name from the "picks upon the hatch?" which is clearly established both by
Malone and Steevens, in their notes upon "'twere not amiss to keep our door
hatch'd," in Pericles.

The following is an excellent suggestion as to the origin of the—

"Goat and Compasses.—At Cologne, in the church of Santa Maria in
Capitolio, is a flat stone on the floor professing to be the Grabstein der
Brüder und Schwester eines ehrbaren Wein-und Fass-Ampts, Anno
1693; that is, as I suppose, a vault belonging to the Wine Coopers'
Company. The arms exhibit a shield with a pair of compasses, an axe,
and a dray, or truck, with goats for supporters. In a country like
England, dealing so much at one time in Rhenish wine, a more likely
origin for such a sign could hardly be imagined. For this information I
am indebted to the courtesy of Sir Edmund Head."

Can Mr. Cunningham, Sir E. Head, or any of our correspondents point out
any German "Randle Holme" whose work may be consulted for the purpose
of ascertaining the arms, &c. of the various professions, trades, &c. of that
country?

Why has not Mr. Cunningham, in his description of St. James' Street,
mentioned what certainly existed long after the commencement of the
present century, the occasional "steps" which there were in the foot-path—
making the street a succession of terraces. This fact renders intelligible the
passage quoted from Pope's letter to Mr. Pearse, in which he speaks of "y'e
second Terras in St. James' Street." Why, too, omit that characteristic
feature of the street, the rows of sedan chairs with which it was formerly
lined? The writer of this perfectly remembers seeing Queen Charlotte in her
sedan chair, going from the Queen's Library in the Green Park to
Buckingham House.

Mr. Cunningham states, we dare say correctly, that Sheridan died at No. 17
Saville Row. We thought he had died at Mr. Peter Moore's, in Great George
Street, Westminster. Was he not living there shortly before his death? and
did not his funeral at Westminster Abbey proceed from Mr. Moore's?

ON A PASSAGE IN MACBETH.

If any of your correspondents would favour me, I should like to be satisfied
with respect to the following passage in Macbeth; which, as at present
punctuated, is exceedingly obscure:—

"If it were done, when 'tis done, then 'twere well
It were done quickly: If the assassination
Could trammel up the consequence, and catch,
With his surcease, success; that but this blow
Might be the be-all and the end-all here,
But here, upon this bank and shoal of time,—
We'd jump the life to come."

Now, I think by altering the punctuation, the sense of the passage is at once
made apparent, as thus,—

"If it were done when 'tis done then 'twere well.
It were done quickly, if the assassination
Could trammel up the consequence, and catch,
With his surcease, success, that but this blow
Might be the be-all and the end all here," &c.

but to make use of a paradox, it is not done when it is done; for this reason,
there is the conscience to torment the evil-doer while living, and the dread
of punishment in another world after death: the "bank and shoal of time"
refers to the interval between life and death, and to "jump" the life to come
is to hazard it. The same thought occurs in Hamlet, when he alludes to—

"That undiscovered country, from whose bourne
No traveller returns."

But that is clear enough, as in all probability the annotators left the passage
as they found it. I have not the opportunity of consulting Mr. Collier's
edition of Shakespeare, so that I am unaware of the manner in which he
renders it; perhaps I ought to have done so before I troubled you. Possibly
some of your readers may be disposed to coincide with me in the "new
reading;" and if not, so to explain it that it may be shown it is my own
obscurity, and not Shakespeare's, with which I ought to cavil.

I have witnessed many representations of Macbeth, and in every instance
the passage referred to has been delivered as I object to it: but that is not to
be wondered at, for there are professed admirers of Shakspeare among
actors who read him not as if they understood him, but who are—

"Full of sound and fury, signifying nothing."

G. BLINK.

MINOR QUERIES.

As throng as Throp's Wife.—As I was busy in my garden yesterday, a
parishioner, whose eighty-two years of age render her a somewhat
privileged person to have a gossip with, came in to speak to me. With a
view to eliciting material for a Note or a Query, I said to her, "You see I am
as throng as Throp's wife;" to which she replied, "Aye, Sir, and she hanged
herself in the dishcloth." The answer is new to me; but the proverb itself, as
well as the one mentioned by "D.V.S." (No. 24. p. 382.) "As lazy as
Ludlum's dog, &c.," has been an especial object of conjecture to me as long
as I can remember. I send this as a pendant to "D.V.S.'s" Query, in hopes of
shortly seeing the origin of both these curious sayings.

J.E.

Ecclesfield, Sheffield, April 19. 1850.

Trimble Family.—In a MS. account of the Fellows of King's I find the
following:—

"1530.—Rich. Trimble, a very merry fellow, the fiddle of the society,
who called him 'Mad Trimble.' M. Stokes of 1531 wrote this distich on
him:—

'Os, oculi, mentum, dens, guttur, lingua, palatum
Sunt tibi; sed nasus, Trimbale, dic ubi sit?'

By which it appears he had a very small nose; and this day, July 13,
1739, I hear that there is one Mr. R. Trimble of an English family, an
apothecary at Lisburn in Ireland, who is remarkable for the same."

As "NOTES AND QUERIES" circulate in Ireland, are there any of the
family of "Trimble" now in that country, and are they distinguished by any
such peculiarity?

J.H.L.

The Word "Brozier."—my brother Etonians will feelingly recollect the word
"Brozier," used by the boys for nearly a century to denote any one who had
spent his pocket-money; an event of very frequent occurrence shortly after

the holidays. There were also sometimes attempts made to "brozier my
dame," in case a suspicion had arisen that the good lady's larder was not too
well supplied. The supper table was accordingly cleared of all the
provisions, and a further stock of eatables peremptorily demanded.

I spell the word "brozier" as it is still pronounced; perhaps some of your
readers have seen it in print, and may be able to give some account of its
origin and etymology, and decide whether it is exclusively belonging to
Eton.

BRAYBROOKE.

April 14.

REPLIES.
THE DODO QUERIES.

There is no mention of the Solitaire as inhabiting Bourbon, either in Père
Brown's letter or in the Voyage de l'Arabic Heureuse, from whence the
notice of the Oiseau Bleu was extracted. I have since seen Dellon, Rélation
d'un Voyage des Indes Orientales, 2 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1685, in which there
is a brief notice of the Isle of Bourbon or Mascarin; but neither the Dodo,
the Solitaire, or the Oiseau Bleu are noticed. The large Bat is mentioned,
and the writer says that the French who were on the island did not eat it, but
only the Indians. He also notices the tameness of the birds, and says that the
Flammand, with its long neck, is the only bird it was necessary to use a gun
against, the others being readily destroyed with a stick or taken by hand.

Mr. Strickland's correction of the error about the monumental evidence of
the discovery of Bourbon by the Portuguese, in 1545, will aid research into
the period at which it was first visited and named; but my stock of
Portuguese literature is but small, and not all of it accessible to me at
present. In the meantime it may be acceptable to Mr. Strickland to know,
that there is a detailed account of Portuguese discoveries in a book whose
title would hardly indicate it, in which one passage will probably interest
him. I allude to the rare and interesting folio volume printed at Lisbon in
1571. De Rebus Emanuelis Regis Lusitanie, invictissimi Virtute et Auspicio
Gestis, auctore Hieronymo Osorio Episcopo Silvensis. These annals
embrace the period from 1495 to 1529. In narrating the principal events of
Vasco de Gama's first voyage, after he had rounded the Cape of Good Hope
on the 25th November, 1497, steering to the east along the southern coast of
Africa, the vessels anchor in the bay of St. Blaize, where—

"In intimo sinu est parva quædam Insula, ad quam nostri aquandi
gratia naves-appulerunt. Ibi phocarum armenta conspexere admiranda
quædam multitudine. In quibus inerat tanta feritas et truculentia, ut in
homines irruerent. AVES etiam eo in loco visæ sunt, quas incolas

apellant SOLTICARIOS, pares anscribus magnitudine: plumis minime
vestiuntur, alas habent similes alis verspertionum: volare nequeunt, sed
explicatis alarum membranis, cursum celeritate summa conficiunt."

The islet was probably that of La Cruz; but what were the birds? and what
was the indigenous name which is represented by Solticarios? It is possible
that some of your correspondents may be familiar with the original
narration which Osorio follows, or Mr. Strickland may be able to solve the
question.

I may just remark, that my observation respecting the improbability of
Tradescant's stuffed specimen having been a fabrication could hardly be
considered superfluous, seeing that some naturalists, Dr. Gray, I believe,
among others, had suggested that it most probably was one.

S.W. SINGER.

May 3. 1850.

ABBEY OF ST. WANDRILLE.

In reply to the Vicar of Ecclesfield (No. 24. p. 382.), I am sorry to say that
the "Chronicle of the Abby of St. Wandrille," to which I alluded (No. 21. p.
338.), contains nothing relating to the subject of his inquiry. The Abbey of
Fontanelle, or St. Wandrille, was founded A.D. 645; and this chronicle
contains a very concise account of a few only of its abbots and most
celebrated members, down to the year 834: written, it is supposed, by a
cotemporary of Ansegisus, the last abbot therein mentioned. It is followed
by an appendix containing a compilation from a book on miracles wrought
in the translation of the body of St. Wilfran, by an "eye-witness," which also
recounts incidentally some of the acts of the abbots of St. Wandrille to the
year 1053. Acheri speaks of persons who had been long engaged in
collecting memorials of the history of this abbey up to the time of his
writing, 1659. Whether these have ever been published, I have not the
means at this moment of ascertaining. Some account of this abbey, with

views of its ruins, will be found in that splendid work, Voyages dans
L'Ancienne France, by Nodier, &c., vol. i.

The following notes from this chronicle may not be without interest, as
showing an early connection between the abbey and this country, and our
attachment to the See of Rome.

Chapter V. is devoted to the praise of BAGGA, a monk and presbyter of this
abbey, who is said to have been "ex Britanniâ Oceani insula Saxonico ex
genere ortus." He died, and was buried in the abbey, between the years 707
and 723; on which occasion the Abbot Benignus is said to have exclaimed,
"O signifer fortissime Christi militiæ BAGGA, nunc mercedem laborum
lætus accipis tuorum. Deprecare ipsum benignum Dominum, ut unà tecum
mereamur gaudere consortiis justorum per ævum." Here is a prayer not for,
but to the dead.

During the presidency of AUSTRULPHUS (ch. 13.), which began in 747
and ended in 753, a certain receptacle, in the form of a small pharos, was
driven ashore in the district of Coriovallum, which contained a very fair
copy of the four Gospels, beautifully written in Roman characters on the
purest vellum; and part of the precious jaw of St. George the Martyr, as well
as a portion of the "health-bearing" wood of the true cross, duly labelled.
The acquisition of this treasure was of course ascribed to the immediate
interposition of God. And as about the same period the head of St. George
was discovered at Rome, through the intervention of Pope Zachary, it was
conjectured that this pontiff had given the wonder-working relic to some
venerable men from Britain, a country described as being "always on the
most intimate footing (maximè familiares) with the Apostolic See;" and
that, these being wrecked on their voyage home, or through some other
adventure, the said treasure was providentially driven ashore at
Coriovallum.

Chapter XV. gives us an account of GERVOLDUS, who ruled this abbey
eighteen years, dying A.D. 806. He had been ambassador from
Charlemagne to Offa, King of Mercia. The son of Charlemagne demanded
the daughter of Offa in marriage, who refused his consent, unless his own
son should receive the hand of Bertha, the daughter of the French king.
Charles, in consequence, inhibited the subjects of Offa from trading on the

French coast. This inhibition was, however, withdrawn through the
mediation of the Abbot Gervoldus, who seems to have been in great favour
with Charles.

I need hardly say, that throughout the chronicle there is a tolerable
sprinkling of the marvellous. I give you the following as a warning to all
dishonest bell-founders.

The pious builder of a church being desirous, according to custom, of
putting a bell in the turret, engaged a skillful craftsman to carry into effect
his design. This man, "at the instigation of the devil," stole some of the
metal with which he had been furnished for the work; and the bell was, in
consequence, mis-shapen and of small size. It was, however, placed in the
turret; but, as a divine punishment for his crime, whenever the bell was
struck, the dishonest founder was thereupon seized with frenzy, uttering
strange words and barking like a dog!

GASTROS.

ORIGIN OF THE WORD "NEWS."

I have great respect for "Mr. SAMUEL HICKSON," but I cannot treat his
derivation of the word "News" with any respect (No. 27. p. 428.). I wish
"Mr. HICKSON" had been a little more modest in his manner of
propounding his novelty. Can any thing be more dogmatic than his
assertions? which I will recapitulate as much as possible in his own words,
before I proceed to deal with them.

1. "I have never had the least doubt that this word is derived immediately
from the German."

2. "It is, in fact, 'das Neue' in the genitive case;" and "Mr. H." proceeds to
mention the German phrase, "Was giebt's Neues?" as giving the exact sense
of our "What is the news?" [which cannot be gainsaid; but I shall have a
word to say presently about neues in that phrase being the genitive case.]

3. "That the word is not derived from the English adjective 'new,'—that it is
not of English manufacture at all—I feel well assured."

4. "In that case 's' would be the sign of the plural; and we should have, as
the Germans have, either extant or obsolete, also 'the new.'" [I do not see the
sequitur.]

5 "'News' is a noun singular, and as such must have been adopted bodily
into the language."

Such are "Mr. HICKSON's" principal assertions: and when I add, that he
has found out that the German "neu" was in olden time spelt "new," so that
the genitive, "newes," was identical with the old form of the English word
"news;" and that he explains the transformation of a genitive case of a
German adjective into an English substantive by English ignorance, which
he further thinks is exemplified by the Koran having been called "the
Alkoran," in ignorance of "Al" meaning "the," I have given not only all of
his assertions, but also the whole of his argument.

I now proceed to assert on my part that the word "news" is not "derived
immediately from the German," and "has not been adopted bodily into our
language;" that the English "new" and German "neu" have, however, of
course the same origin, their common root being widely spread in other
languages, as [Greek: neos], Gr.; norus, Lat.; neuf, Fr., &c.; that "news" is a
noun of plural form and plural meaning, like goods, riches, &c.; that its
peculiar and frequent use is quite sufficient to account for its having come
to be used as a singular noun ("riches," by the way, may be prefixed
sometimes to a singular verb, as "riches is a cause of corruption"); that Mr.
HICKSON might as well say that "goods" is derived immediately from
"gutes," the genitive of "gut;" and "riches" from "reiches," the genitive of
"reich:" and also that if "s" in "goods," and "es" in "riches" are signs of the
plural, "we should have, as the Germans have, either extant or obsolete," the
"good," "the rich," (not that I quite understand this part of "Mr.
HICKSON's" argument): and, lastly, I assert that I believe that Neues, in the
phrase "Was giebt's Neues?" is not the genitive, but the nominative neuter,
so that the phrase is to be literally translated "What is there new?"

As regards the derivation of "News," I wish you had allowed the question to
rest as it stood after the sensible remarks of "A.E.B." (No. 23. p. 369.). Pray
excuse me, Sir, for expressing a hope that you will ponder well before you
again allow us to be puzzled on so plain a subject, and give circulation and
your sanction to paradoxes, even though coming from one so entitled to
attention as "Mr. HICKSON."

The early communication between the English and German languages, of
which "Mr. HICKSON" puts forward the derivation of "news" from "neues"
as an instance, may be an interesting and profitable subject of inquiry; but
as I think he has been singularly unfortunate in the one instance, so I do not
think him particularly happy in his other. I see no further resemblance
between Heywood's "Song in praise of his Mistress," and the early German
poem, than what might arise from treatment of the same and a very
common subject.

I am not enough of an etymologist to give you the root of the word "noise."
But my faith in "Mr. HICKSON" in this capacity is not strong enough to
lead me to believe, on his dictum, that "news" and "noise" are the same
word; and when, pursuing his fancy about "neues," he goes on to say that
"noise" is "from a dialect from which the modern German pronunciation of
the dipthong is derived," I fear his pronunciation of German is faulty, if he
pronounces eu in "Neues" like oi in "noise."
[We differ from our correspondent on this point, and think that here, at all events,
Mr. HICKSON has the advantage of the argument.]

I beg to repeat that for "Mr. HICKSON" I feel great respect. If he knew my
name, he would probably know nothing about me; but I happen to know of
him, what perhaps, some of your readers do not, that he has
unostentatiously rendered many considerable services not only to literature
but to our social and political interests. In my humble opinion, his recent
essay in your columns on The Taming of the Shrew is a contribution to our
literary history which you may be proud of having published. But I feel that
I cannot too strongly protest against his derivation of "News."

CH.

REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.

Dr. Whichcot and Lord Shaftesbury (No. 24. p. 382., No. 27. p. 444.).—I
am obliged to "COLL. REGAL. SOCIUS" for his notice of my inquiry. The
Lord Chamberlain and Chancellor of Cambridge University mentioned in
Lord Lauderdale's letter to Dr. Whichcot, is the Earl of Manchester.
Shaftesbury was never either Lord Chamberlain or Chancellor of
Cambridge.

I may mention that Whichcot's intimacy with Lord Shaftesbury would
probably have been brought about by his being incumbent of the church of
St. Lawrence Jewry, Shaftesbury having his London house in the latter part
of his life in Aldersgate Street.

If it is not committing unpardonable trespass on that useful part of your
publication in which books and odd volumes are asked for, I will go on to
say that I should be glad to have a copy of the volume of Whichcot's
Sermons (1698) which the third Lord Shaftesbury edited, at a reasonable
price.

CH.

Elizabeth and Isabel (No. 27. p. 439.).—Mr. Thomas Duffus Hardy, in his
evidence on the Camoys Peerage case (June 18. 1838, Evidence, p. 351.)
proved that the names of Isabella and Elizabeth were in ancient times used
indifferently, and particularly in the reigns of Edward I. and Edward III. Mr.
Hardy says in his evidence:—

"In the British Museum there is a Latin letter of Elizabeth of Austria,
Queen of Charles IX. of France, to Queen Elizabeth of England. In the
Latin she is called Elizabetha, and she signs her name Ysabel. In the
Chronicle de St. Denis, in the year 1180, it is stated, 'Le jor martmes
espousa la noble Roine Ysabel,' 'Upon this day, Queen Elizabeth was
married;' and in Rigordus de Gestis Philippi Augusti Regis Francois it
is stated, 'Tune inuncta fuit Elizabeth uxor ejus venerabilis foemina;'
and Moreri says she is called 'Elizabeth or Izabeau de Hainault, Queen
of France, wife of Philippe Auguste.' Camden, in his Remains, says,
'Isabel is the same as Elizabeth;' that the Spaniards always translate

Elizabeth into Isabel, and the French into Izabeau. I have seen in the
British Museum a deed, in which the name Elizabetha is written in
Latin; on the seal it is Isabella. In the Inquisitiones post Mortem I have
frequently seen Ysabella returned in one country and Elizabetha in an
other for the same person. I have something like a dozen other
instances from Moreri, in which he says that Elizabeth and Isabella or
Isabeau are the same. Elizabeth or Izabeau de France, dau. of Lewis
VIII. and Blanche of Castella; Elizabeth or Isabelle d'Aragon, Queen
of France, wife of Philippe III., surnamed le Hardie; Elizabeth or
Isabeau de Bavière, Queen of France, wife of Charles VI.; Elizabeth or
Isabeau d'Angoulême, wife of King John of England; Elizabeth or
Isabeau de France, Queen of England, dau. of Philippe IV.; Elizabeth
or Isabelle of France, Queen of Richard II.; Elizabeth or Isabelle de
France, Queen of Navarre; Elizabeth or Isabelle de Valois, dau. of
Charles of France; Elizabeth or Isabelle de France, dau. of Philippe le
Long, King of France; Elizabeth or Isabelle de France, Duchess of
Milan; Elizabeth or Isabelle, Queen of Philippe V. of Spain."

WM. DURRANT COOPER.

81. Guildford Street, May 4. 1850.

Elizabeth—Isabel.—The Greek word [Greek: Elisabet] (Luke, i. 5. &c.)
from which Elizabeth, or Elisabeth, must have been adopted as a Christian
name, is used by the LXX. (Exodus, vi. 23.) to express the Hebrew
[Hebrew: Elisheba], the name of Aaron's wife. This at once directs us to the
verb [Hebrew: shaba], or rather to its Niphal, [Hebrew: nishba], for the Kal
form does not occur, to swear; for the combination of letters in [Hebrew: el
isshaba], God will swear, or God sweareth, is the same as that in the proper
name. Now let us transpose the verb and its nominative case, and we have
[Hebrew: ishaba el], which a Greek translator might soften into [Greek:
Isabel].

The use of [Greek: Elisabet] both by the LXX. and the Evangelist, makes it
probable that the mother of John the Baptist, who was of the daughters of
Aaron (Luke, i. 5.), was known amongst her own people by the recognized
and family name of Elisheba, as Anna no doubt would be Hannah
([Hebrew: hanah]), and Mary, Miriam ([Greek: Mariam], Luke, i. 27.). And

this is confirmed by the Syriac version, the vernacular, or nearly so, of Our
Blessed Lord and His disciples, which has [Syriac: elisheba].

Genesius, in his Lexicon, explains Elisheba to mean "cui Deus est
sacramentum," "quæ jurat per Deum, i.e. Dei cultrix: cf. Is. xix. 18." I
should rather take it to be a name expressive of trust in God's promises or
oath, such as Elijah, "the LORD is my God;" Isaiah, "the LORD is my
salvation;" Ezekiel, "God strengtheneth." Schleusner (Lex. N.T.) says that
others derived it from [Hebrew: saba], saturavit; "sic in Alberti Gloss. N.T.,
p. 87. explicatur, [Greek: Theou mou plaesmonae]." Wolfius, in his note on
Luke, i. 5., refers to Witsii Miscellanea, tom. ii. p. 478., to which I must
refer your correspondent "A.C.," as I have not the book by me.

Camden must, of course, have derived the name from [Hebrew: shabath], to
rest; but I think we must rather defer to the authority of the LXX. And
though [Hebrew: el ishaboth] may give us Elisabeth, we shall not be able to
deduce Isabel from [Hebrew: ishboth el] quite so easily.

B.

L —— Rectory, S ——, May 4. 1850.

Trunck Breeches (No. 24. p. 384.), more commonly called "trunk-hose,"
were short wide breeches reaching a little above, or sometimes below the
knees, stuffed with hair, and striped. (See The Oxford Manual for Brasses,
p. cvi.; and Planche's British Costume, pp. 334-339. new ed.) Two years
ago, I saw in the Strand an old man with a queue; a sight which I made a
note of as soon as I got home, influenced by the same motive that, no doubt,
led Smith in 1640 to append to the death of "old Mr. Grice" the remark,
"who wore truncke breeches," namely, the antique singularity of the
habiliment.

ARUN.

Mercenary Preacher (No. 24. p. 384.).—I think mercenary here is used in
its primary signification, and in the sense in which we still apply it to troops
in the pay of a state foreign to their own; to designate one who, having no

settled cure, was at liberty to be "hired" by those who had occasion for his
services.

ARUN.

Abdication of James the Second (No. 3. p. 40.).—"J.E." would probably
hear of the MSS. mentioned by Sir Harris Nicholas, on application to the
Rev. Sir Thomas Miller, Bart., Froyle, near Alton, Hants.

E.W.

Clifton.

Toom Shawn Cattie (No. 24. p. 383.).—An entertaining volume, containing
the life and adventures of Twm Sion Catti, was published at Biulth some
years ago, by Mr. Jeffery Llewelyn Prichard, who recently told me it was
out of print, and that inquiries had been made for the book which might
probably lead to a new and improved edition.

ELIJAH WARING.

Dowry Parade, Clifton.

Wotton's Poem to Lord Bacon (No. 19. p. 302.).—The poem communicated
by Dr. Rimbault, with the heading, "To the Lord Bacon when falling from
Favour," and with the remark that he does "not remember to have seen it in
print," was written by Sir Henry Wotton, and may be found under the title,
"Upon the sudden restraint of the Earl of Somerset, then falling from
Favour," in all the old editions of the Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651, 1654,
1672, and 1685), as well as in the modern editions of Sir Henry's poems, by
Mr. Dyce and Mr. Hannah. It was also printed as Wotton's in Clarke's Aurea
Legenda, 1682, p. 97., and more recently in Campbell's Specimens, in both
cases, doubtless, from Rel. Wotton. The misapplication of it to Lord Bacon's
fall dates from an unauthorised publication in 1651, which misled Park in
his edition of Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors, ii. 208. In stanza 3. line
2. of Dr. Rimbault's copy, "burst" should be "trust."

R.A.

"My Mind to Me a Kingdom is" (No. 19. p. 302.).—The following note,
from the Introduction to Mr. Hannah's edition of the Poems of Sir H.
Wotton and Sir Walter Raleigh, 1845, p. lxv., will answer Dr. Rimbault's
Query, and also show that a claim had been put in for Sir E. Dyer before
Mr. Singer's very valuable communication to "NOTES AND QUERIES," p.
355.

"There are three copies of verses on that model; two of which, viz.,
one of four stanzas and another of size, were printed by Byrd in 1588.
They have been reprinted from his text in Cens. Lit ii. 108-110, and
Exc. Tudor, i. 100-103. Percy inserted them in the Reliques with some
alterations and additions; but he changed his mind more than once as
to whether they were two distinct poems, or only the discovered parts
of one (see i. 292-294. 303., ed. 1767; and i. 307-310. ed. 1839). The
third (containing four stanzas) is among Sylvester's Posthumous
Poems p. 651.; and Ellis reprinted it under his name. In Cens. Lit. ii.
102., another copy of it is given from a music book by Gibbons, 1612.
Now the longest, and apparently the earliest of these poems is signed
'E. DIER,' in MS. Rawl. Poet. 35., fol. 17. That copy contains eight
stanzas, and one of the two which are not in Byrd corresponds with a
stanza which Percy added. The following are the reasons which incline
us to trust this MS.:—(1.) Because it is the very MS. to which
reference is commonly made for several of Dyer's unprinted poems, as
by Dr. Bliss, A.O. i. 743.; and apparently by Mr. Dyce, ed. of Greene, i.
p. xxxv. n.; and by Park, note on Warton, iii. 230. Park is the only
person I can recollect who has mentioned this particular poem in the
MS., and he cannot have read more than the first line, for he only says,
'one of them bears the popular burden of "My mind to me a kingdom
is."' (2.) Because it is quite impossible that Dyer wrote many extant
poems, of which he is not known to be the author; for, as Mr. Dyce
says, none of his (acknowledged) productions 'have descended to our
times that seem to justify the contemporary applause which he
received.' (3.) Because I cannot discover that there is any other
claimant to this poem. One of Greene's poems ends with the line,

'A mind content both crown and kingdom is.'"

(Works, ii. 288., ed. Dyce.)

It will be observed that no mention is here made of the copy in Breton's
tract; therefore this summary gains from both the correspondents of
"NOTES AND QUERIES"—an addition from the one, a corroboration from
the other.

R.A.

Gesta Grayorum (No. 22. p. 351.).—"J.S." is informed that copies of the
Gesta Grayorum are by no means uncommon. It was originally printed for
one shilling; but the bibliomaniac must now pay from twenty to thirty
shillings for a copy. The original, printed in 1688, does not contain the
second part, which was published by Mr. Nichols for the first time. Copies
are in the Bodleian, and in the University Library, Cambridge.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

Marylebone Gardens (No. 24. p. 383.).—These gardens were finally closed
in 1777-8. It is not generally known that, previous to the year 1737, this
"fashionable" place of amusement was entered gratis by all ranks of people;
but the company becoming more "select," Mr. Gough, the proprietor,
determined to charge a shilling as entrance money, for which the party
paying was to receive an equivalent in viands.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

Mother of Thomas à Becket (No. 26. p. 415.).—An inspection of some of
the numerous legends touching the blessed martyr, St. Thomas of
Canterbury, would probably supply many interesting particulars concerning
the story of his father's romantic marriage. But the most important narrative
is that of Herbert Bosham, Becket's secretary, who, it will be remembered,
was present at his martyrdom. Bosham's Vita et Res Gestæ Thomæ Episcopi
Cantuariensis is published in the Quadrilogus, Paris, 1495. Consult also the
French translation of Peter Langtoft, and the English one by Laurence
Wade, a Benedictine monk of Canterbury. Robert of Gloucester's metrical
Legend of the Life and Martyrdom of Thomas Beket, published by the Percy

Society, under the editorial care of Mr. W.H. Black, fully confirms the
"romance;" as also do the later historians, Hollingshed, Fox, and Baker.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

Dr. Strode's Poem (no. 10. p. 147.).—Dr. Strode's poem, beginning—

"Return my joys, and hither bring—"

which Dr. Rimbault does "not remember to have seen in print," is in Ellis's
Specimens, iii. 173. ed. 1811. He took it from Wit Restored, p. 66. ed. 1658,
or i. 168. reprint. It is the second poem mentioned by Dr. Bliss, A.O. iii.
152., as occurring with Strode's name in MS. Rawl. 142.

R.A.

"All to-broke" (No. 25. p. 395.).—Surely the explanation of Judges, ix. 53,
is incorrect. Ought not the words to be printed "and all-to brake his scull,"
where "all-to" = "altogether"?

R.A.

Woolton's Christian Manual (No. 25. p. 399.).—There is a copy in the
Grenville Collection.

NOVUS.

Tract by F.H. (No. 25. p. 400.).—"J.E." may advance his knowledge about
F.H. slightly, by referring to Herbert's Ames, p. 1123.

NOVUS.

Duke of Marlborough (No. 26. p. 415.).—Your correspondent
"BURIENSIS" is referred to the Trial of William Barnard, Howell's State
Trials, xix. 815-846.; the case of Rex v. Fielding, Esq., Burrow's Reports, ii.
719. and Lounger's Common Place Book, tit. Barnard, William. The greater
part of this latter article is in Leigh Hunt's One Hundred Romances of Real
Life, No. 1.

C.H. COOPER.

Cambridge, April 29. 1850.
["C.I.R." refers "BURIENSIS" to Burke's Celebrated Trials connected with the
Aristocracy, London, 1848; and "J.P. Jun." refers to Leigh Hunt's London
Journal, No. 1. p. 5., No. 3. p. 24.]

Lord Carrington or Karinthon (No. 27. p. 440.).—The nobleman about
whom "C." inquires, was Sir Charles Smith, created an English baron 19
Charles I., by the title of Lord Carrington, and afterwards advanced to the
dignity of an Irish Viscount under the same name. These honours were
conferred upon him for his services to the King in the time of his majesty's
great distresses.

On the 20th Feb., 1655, whilst travelling in France, Lord Carrington was
barbarously murdered by one of his servants for the sake of his money and
jewels, and buried at Pontoise. (Bankes' Dormant and Extinct Peerage, vol.
iii. p. 155.) The title became extinct circiter 1705.

BRAYBOOKE.

Lord Monson presents his compliments to the Editor of "NOTES AND
QUERIES," and has the pleasure of answering a Query contained in this
day's Number, p. 440.; and takes the liberty of adding another.

The English nobleman murdered at Pontoise was Charles Smith, Viscount
Carrington of Barrefen, Ireland, and Baron Carrington of Wotton Warem,
co. Warwick; the date in the pedigrees of the murder is usually given 1666,
probably March 1665-6.

The last Lord Carrington died 17 May, 1706: the estates of Wotton came to
Lewis Smith, who married Eliz., daughter of William Viscount Monson,
and relict of Sir Philip Hungate. His son Francis Smith Carrington died in
1749, and left one daughter and heir. What relation was Lewis Smith to the
Smiths Lord Carrington? No pedigree gives the connection.

Dover, May 4. 1850.

["J.M.W." has kindly answered this Query; so also has "W.M.T.," who adds,
"Lord Carrington, previously Sir Charles Smith, brother to Sir John Smith, who
fell on the King's side at Alresford in 1644, being Commissary-General of the
Horse. By the way, Bankes says it was his son John who fell at Alresford, but it
is more likely to have been, as Clarendon states, his brother, unless he lost there
both a brother and a son."]

Esquires and Gentlemen.—I would ask your correspondent (No. 27. p.
437.), whether he has ascertained the grounds of distinction made in the
seventeenth and in the early part of the eighteenth century, between esquires
and gentlemen, when both were landed proprietors? We find lists of names
of governors of hospitals, trustees, &c., where this distinction is made, and
which, apparently, can only be accounted for on this ground, that the estates
of the gentleman were smaller in extent than those of the esquire; and,
consequently, that the former was so far a person of less consideration. Had
the bearing of coat armour, or a connection with knighthood, any thing to
do with the matter?

J.H. MARKLAND.

Bath, May.

Early Inscriptions.—The excellent remarks by "T.S.D." on "Arabic
Numerals, &c." (No. 18. p. 279.) have put me in mind of two cases which
in some degree confirm the necessity for his caution respecting
pronouncing definitively on the authenticity of old inscriptions, and
especially those on "Balks and Beams" in old manorial dwellings. The
house in which I spent the greater portion of my youth was a mansion of the
olden time, whose pointed gables told a tale of years; and whose internal
walls and principal floors, both below and above stairs, were formed of
"raddle and daub." It had formerly belonged to a family of the name of
Abbot; but the "last of the race" was an extravagant libertine, and after
spending a handsome patrimonial estate, ended his days as a beggar. Abbot
House was evidently an ancient structure; but unfortunately, as tradition
stated, a stone, bearing the date of its erection, had been carelessly lost
during some repairs. However, in my time, on the white wainscot of a long
lobby on the second floor, the initials, "T.H. 1478," were distinctly traced in
black paint, and many persons considered this as nothing less than a "true
copy" of the lost inscription. Subsequent inquiry, however, finally settled

the point; for the inscription was traced to the rude hand of one of the
workmen formerly employed in repairing the building, who naively
excused himself by declaring that he considered it "a pity so old a house
should be without a year of our Lord."

The second instance is that of the occurrence of "four nearly straight lines"
on one of the compartments of a fine old font in Stydd Church, near
Ribchester, which many visitors have mistaken for the date "1178." A closer
scrutiny, however, soon dispels the illusion; and a comparison of this with
similar inscriptions on the old oak beams of the roof, soon determines it to
be nothing more than a rude, or somewhat defaced, attempt to exhibit the
sacred monogram "I.H.S."

J.W.

Burnley, April 27. 1850.

American Aborigines called Indians (No. 16. p. 254.).—I believe the reason
is that the continent in which they live passed under the name of India, with
the whole of the New World discovered at the close of the fifteenth century.
It is, of course, unnecessary to dwell upon the fact of Columbus believing
he had discovered a new route to India by sailing due west; or upon the
acquiescence of the whole world in that idea, the effects of which have not
yet passed away; for we not only hear in Seville, even now, of the "India
House" meaning house of management of affairs for the "New World," but
we even retain ourselves the name of the West Indies, given as
unwarrantably to the islands of the Caribbean Sea. It is needless to do more
than allude to this, and to other misnomers still prevalent, notwithstanding
the fact of the notions or ideas under which the names were originally given
having long since been exploded; such as the "four quarters of the globe,"
the "four elements," &c. If your correspondent searches for the solution of
his difficulty on different grounds from those I have mentioned, it would
not satisfy him to be more diffuse; and if the whole reason be that which I
conceive, quite enough has been said upon the subject.

G.W.

89. Hamilton Terrace, St. John's Wood.

"Northman" is informed, that on the discovery of America by Columbus,
when he landed at Guanahani (now called Cat Island), he thought, in
conformity with his theory of the spherical shape of the earth, that he had
landed on one of the islands lying at the eastern extremity of India; and with
this belief he gave the inhabitants the name of Indians. The following
quotations will perhaps be interesting:—

"America persæpe dicitur, sed improprie, Indiæ Occidentales, les Indes
Occidentales, Gallis, West Inde, Belgis: Non tantum ab Hispanis, qui
illam denominationem primi usurparunt, sed etiam a Belgis, Anglis, et
aliquando a Francis, quod eodem fere tempore detecta sit ad
occidentem, quo ad Orientem India reperta est."—Hofmanni Lexicon
Univ. 1677, sub titulo "America."

"At eadem terra nonnullis India Occidentalis, nuncupatur, quia eodem
tempore, quo India Orientalis in Asia, hæc etiam delecta fuit; tum quod
utriusque incolis similis ac pene eadern ivendi ratio: nudi quippe
utrique agunt."—P. Clurerii Introduct. in Univ. Geographiam, Cap. xi
(iv.) 1711.

"The most improper name of all, and yet not much less used than that
of America, is the West Indies: West, in regard of the western situation
of it from these parts of Europe; and Indies, either as mistook for some
part of India at the first discovery, or else because the seamen use to
call all countries, if remote and rich, by the name of India."—Heylyn's
Cosmography, 1677, Book iv., sub initio.

It is almost needless to mention, that India received its name from the river
Indus; and that Indus and [Greek: Indos] are the Roman and Greek forms of
Sindo, the name it was known by among the natives.

HENRY KERSLEY.

Corpus Christi Hall, Maidstone.
[We have received many other replies to this Query, referring "NORTHMAN" to
Robertson's History of America, and Humboldt's Aspects, &c., vol. ii. p. 319.]

Vox Populi Vox Dei (No. 20. p. 321.).—Your correspondent "QUÆSITOR"
asks for the origin of the saying Vox populi Vox Dei. Warwick, in his Spare
Minutes (1637), says—

"That the voice of the common people is the voice of God, is the
common voice of the people; yet it is as full of falsehood as
commonnesse. The cry before Pilate's judgement-seat, 'Let him be
crucified,' was vox populi, 'the cry of all the people.' How far was it the
voice of God?"

M.
[Mr. G. Cornewall Lewis, in his valuable Essay on the Influence of Authority in
Matters of Opinion, p. 172., has some very interesting remarks upon this
proverb, which, "in its original sense, appears to be an echo of some of the
sentences in the classical writers, which attribute a divine or prophetic character
to common fame or rumour." See pp. 172, 173., and the accompanying Notes.]

Dutch Language (No. 24. p. 383.).—"E.V." will find Holtrop's Dictionary
in 2 vols. one of the best. Werninck's Pocket Dictionary is very good: also
Tauchnitz's Dutch and French (pocket): also Picard's English and Dutch.
Jansen's is not bad. Swier's Grammar is a good one; but I do not know
whether there is any late edition. See Williams and Norgate, or Quaritch.

AREDJID KOOEZ.
[Messrs. Williams and Norgate have also obligingly answered this Query, by the
following list:—

PYL (R. van der), A practical Grammar of the Dutch Language, 8vo. Rotterd.
1826, 8s.

AHN (F.) Neue holländische Sprachlehre nebst Lesestucke, 12mo. Cref. 1841,
2s.

AHN (F) holländische Umgangsprache, 12mo. 1846, 1s. 6d.

PICARD (H.) A new Pocket Dictionary of the English and Dutch Languages,
remodelled and corrected from the best Authorities. Zalt-bommel, 1848, 10s. 6d.

DICTIONNAIRE Hollandais et Français. 16mo. Leipzig, 4s.

HOLLANDISCH u. deutsches Taschen-wörterbuch. 16mo. 4s.]

"Salting."—Salt is said by all writers upon magic to be particularly
disagreeable to evil spirits; and it is owing to this noxious substance being
dissolved in holy water, that it has such power in scaring them away. Query,
did not salt acquire this high character, and its use in all sacrifices, from its
powers of resisting corruption?

Salt is used emblematically in many of our foreign universities. There is a
book published at Strasburg as late as 1666, containing twenty plates,
illustrating the several strange ceremonies of the "Depositio." The last
represents the giving of the salt, which a person is on a plate in his left
hand; and, with his right hand, about to put a pinch of it upon the tongue of
each Becanus or Freshman. A glass, probably holding wine, is standing near
him. Underneath is the following couplet:—

"Sal Sophiæ gustate, bibatis vinaque læta,
Augeat immensus vos in utrisque Deus!"

A copy of this rare book was sold in the Rev. John Brand's collection. I have
never seen it, and know it only from a MS. note in one of Brand's Common
Place Books now in my possession.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

Vincent Gookin (No. 24. p. 385.).—Your querist "J." is referred to Berry's
Kentish Pedigrees, where, at pp. 60. 195. 202. 207. and 113., he will find
notices and a pedigree of the family Gookin; and therein it is shown that
Vincent Gookin was the fourth son of John Gookin of Replecourt, co. Kent,
by Katherine, dau. of William Dene of Kingston.

In the early part of the 7th century, Sir Vincent Gookin, Knt. (why was he
knighted?) was living at Highfield House, in the parish of Bitton,
Gloucestershire. It appears by the register, that in 1635, Mary Gookin,
Gentleman, and Samuel, son of Sir Vincent Gookin, Knt., were buried at
Bitton.

In 1637, John Gookin of Highfield, age 11 years, was buried in the Mayor's
Chapel, Bristol.

1637, Frances, dau. of Sir Vincent Gookin, Knt., and the Lady Judith, was
baptized at Bitton.

1637, Feb. 13. "Sir Vincent Gookin, Knt., was buryed" at Bitton.

1642, May 2. "Judith, the Lady Gookin, was buryed" at Bitton.

There are no monuments remaining.

Highfield, with the manor of Upton Cheyney, was a considerable estate in
1627, where it was passed by fine from John and Mary Barker to Vincent
Gookin, Esq.

In 1646, Vincent Gookin, Esq. (no doubt the knight's son), and Mary his
wife, and Robert Gookin their son, Gent., passed the same estates by fine to
Dr. Samuel Bave, after which it is supposed the Gookins left the parish. In
Sims' Index are references to pedigrees under Gokin, Kent. Any further
notices of Sir Vincent or his son would be acceptable to

H.T. ELLACOMBE.

Bitton, May 20, 1850.

Sneck up (No. 29, p. 467.)—All Shakspearean students will be deeply
indebted to you for giving insertion to articles on obsolete words and
phrases, so many of which are to found in the pages of the great poet. The
article by R.R. is very interesting, but I apprehend that the passage from
Taylor, first quoted by Weber, is sufficient to show that the phrase sneck up
was equivalent to be hanged! See Halliwell, p. 766, on the phrase, that
writer not connecting it with sneck, to latch. Compare, also, Wily Beguiled,
—"An if mistress would be ruled by him, Sophos might go snick up." And
the Two Angry Women of Abingdon, 1599,—"If they be not, let them go
snick up," i.e. let them go and be hanged! These passages will not be
consistently explained on R.R.'s principle.

R.

Hanap (No. 29. p. 477.).—I have a few notes by me relative to the drinking
vessel, which may, perchance, be acceptable to some of your readers. It was
similar to the standing cup and grace cup, as these vessels were
subsequently called, being raised from the table by a foot and stem, for the
convenience of passing it round the table for the company to pledge each
other out of; it was thus distinguished from the cup, which was smaller, and
only used by one person. The hanap frequently occurs in wills and
inventories of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries.

In the will of Lady Calre, 1355,—

"Je devise a ma joefne fille Isabel Bardolf en cide de lui marier un
hanap plat door."

And in that of the Earl of March, 1389,—

"Item. nous devisons a notre treschier friere Mons'r. Henri, un hanaper
de tortelez ove un ostelle en le founce."

A very elegant specimen is described in the will of the Duchess of
Gloucester, 1390,—

"Un hanappe de Beril gravez de long taille, et assis en un peé d'or, ove
un large bordur paramont, et un covercle tout d'or, ove un saphir sur le
pomel du dit covercle."

In an inventory 19th Henry VI. we find—

"Une haute coupe d'argent enorrez appellez l'anap de les pinacles pois
de troie vii lb pris la lb xl. Summa xiii li."

And temp. Edward II 1324,—

"Un hanap a pee de la veille fazon quillere et cymelle el founz du pois
xxix, du pris xl."

In the same document several others are described having feet. I could give
many other quotations, but will conclude with only one more, as in the last

occurs the word kyrymyry, of which I should like to know the derivation, if
any of your readers can assist me:—

"Item, un hanap d ore covere del ovrage d un kyrymyry et iij scochons
des armes d Engleterre et de Franuce en le sumet."

I have met with notices of cups "covered of kerimery work," and "chacez et
pounsonez en lez founcez faitz de kermery;" and the following, from the
Vision of Piers Ploughman, would seem to indicate a sort of veil or net-
work:—

"He was as pale as a pelet,
In the palsy he semed
And clothed in a kaurymaury,
I kouthe it nought diseryve."

W.C.

Jun.

MISCELLANIES

Bishop Burnet as an Historian.—Dr. Joseph Warton told my father that
"Old Lord Barthurst," Pope's friend, had cautioned him against relying
implicitly on all Burnet's statements; observing that the good bishop was so
given to gossiping and anecdote hunting, that the wags about court used
often to tell him idle tales, for the mischievous pleasure of seeing him make
note on them. Lord Bathurst did not, I believe, charge Burnet with
deliberate misrepresentation, but considered some of his presumed facts
questionable, for the reason stated.

ELIJAH WARING.

Dance Thumbkin.—In the Book of Nursery Rhymes, published by the Percy
Society, there is a small error of importance, involving no less that the
learned would call "a non sequitur," and which, if my correct-and-almost-
unequalled nurse, Betty Richins, was alive, she would have noticed much

sooner that the nurseling who now addresses you. (She died about the year
1796.) In the valuable and still popular nursery classical song, "Dance
Thumbkin, dance," it is not only an error to say "Thumbkin he can dance
alone" (let any one reader of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," male or
female, only try), but it is not the correct text. Betty Richins has "borne me
on her knee a hundred times" and sung it thus:—

Thumbkin cannot dance alone.
So1 dance ye merry men, every one."

I scarcely need add, that if this be true of Thumbkin, it is truer of Foreman,
Longman, Middleman, and Littleman.

R.S.S.
Footnote 1:(return)

Or then, meaning "for that reason."

King's Coffee-house, Covent Garden.—As an addition to "Mr.
RIMBAULT's" Notes on Cunningham's Handbook, the following extract
from Harwood's Alumni Etonenses, p. 293., in the recount of the boys
elected for Eton to King's College may be interesting:—

"A.D. 1713, 12."

"Thomas King born at West Ashton in Wiltshire; went away scholar, in
apprehension that his fellowship would be denied him, and afterwards
kept that coffee-house in Covent Garden which was called by his own
name."

J.H.L.

Spur Money (No. 23. p. 374, and No 28. p. 462.).—In a curious tract,
published in 1598, under the title of The Children of the Chapel stript and
whipt, we have the following passage:—

"Wee think it very necessarye that every quorister sholde bringe with
him to churche a Testament in Englishe, and turne to everie chapter as

it is daily read, or som other good and godly prayer-booke, rather than
spend their tyme in talk and hunting after spur-money, whereon they
set their whole mindes, and do often abuse dyvers if they doe not
bestowe somewhat on them."

In 1622, the dean of the Chapel Royal issued an order by which it was
decreed—

"That if anie Knight, or other persone entituled to weare spurs, enter
the chappell in that guise, he shall pay to y'e quiristers the accustomed
fine; but if he command y'e youngest quirister to repeate his Gamut,
and he faile in y'e so doing, the said Knight, or other, shall not pay y'e
fine."

This curious extract I copied from the ancient cheque-book of the Chapel
Royal.

Within my recollection, His Grace the Duke of Wellington (who, by the
way, is an excellent musician) entered the Royal Chapel "booted and
spurred," and was, of course, called upon for the fine. But His Grace calling
upon the youngest chorister to repeat his GAMUT, and the "little urchin"
failing, the impost was not demanded.

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

MISCELLANEOUS.
NOTES ON BOOKS, CATALOGUES, SALES, ETC.

Mr. W.S.W. Vaux, of the department of Antiquities, British Museum, has
just published a very interesting little volume under the title of Nineveh and
Persepolis: an Historical Sketch of Ancient Assyria and Persia, with an
Account of the recent Researches in those Countries. The work is illustrated
with numerous woodcuts; and the two points which Mr. Vaux has proposed
to elucidate,—viz., 1. The history of Assyria and Persia, and, as connected
with it, that of the Medes, the Jews, and the Chaldees, so far as it can be
ascertained from the Bible, and the works of classical authors: and 2. The
results of those inquiries which have been carried on for nearly three
centuries by European travellers,—he has successfully accomplished, in a
way to make his book a most useful introduction to the study of the larger
works which have been written upon this important subject; and a valuable
substitute to those who have neither the means to purchase them, nor time
to devote to their perusal.

The Rev. Dr. Maitland has just published a second edition of his Eruvin, or
Miscellaneous Essays on Subjects connected with the Nature, History, and
Destiny of Man. The Essays are ten in number, and treat: I. On the Nature
and Objects of Revelation. II. On the Impediments to the Right
Understanding of Scripture. III. Man before the Fall. IV. Satan. V. The
Consequences of the Fall. VI. The Fallen Angels. VII. The Millenium. VIII.
The Kingdom of Messiah. IX. The Regeneration. X. The Modern Doctrine
of Miracles. We mention the subjects of these papers because, although they
are of a nature not to be discussed in our columns, we are sure many of our
readers will be glad to know the points on which they treat.

We have received the following Catalogues:—Bibliotheca Selecta, Curiosa
et Rarissima. Part First of a general Catalougue of Miscellaneous English
and Foreign Books now on sale by Thomas G. Stevenson, 87. Princes
Street, Edinburgh—(a Catalogue well deserving attention of our

Antiquarian friends); John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue of
Books Old and New; W.S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster
Road) Catalogue No. 56., May, 1850, of English, Foreign, Classical and
Miscellaneous Literature.

Messrs. Sotheby and Co., of Wellington Street, will commence on Monday
next an eight days' sale of the valuable library of the late Rev. Peter Hall,
consisting of rare and early English Theology, Ecclesiastical History and
Antiquities, Foreign and English Controversial Works, Classics, Biblical
Criticism, &c.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

(In continuation of Lists in former Nos.)

GORGH (R.), CATALOGUE OF ALL WORKS PRINTED RELATING TO
WALES.

A Pamphlet ON THE LEAD AND SILVER MINES OF GOWER,
published about a century since.

SECOND TRAVELS OF AN IRISH GENTLEMAN IN SEARCH OF A
RELIGION, BY BLANCO WHITE.

Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to Mr.
Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS.

COMPLETION OF VOLUME THE FIRST. The present Number completes
the First Volume of NOTES AND QUERIES, to which a Title-page and
copious Index will be printed as soon as possible: when copies of it may be
had in cloth boards. In the meantime, may we beg such of our Subscribers

as have not complete sets, to secure such Numbers as they may be in want
of without delay.

Errata.—No. 28. p. 452., for "Bayle" read "Bale," and for "Carood" read
"Câwood." No. 29. p. 467., for "dick the string" read "click," and for "bung"
read "bang."

HYMNS AND POEMS FOR THE SICK.

SECOND EDITION.

In small 8vo., price 7s. 6d.

HYMNS and POEMS for the SICK and SUFFERING. In connection with
the Service for the Visitation of the Sick. Edited by the Rev. T. V.
FOSBERY, M.A., Perpetual Curate of Sunningdale.

This volume contains 233 separate pieces, of which about 90 are by writers
who lived prior to the eighteenth century; the rest are modern, and some of
these original. Amongst the names of the writers (between 70 and 80 in
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DR. MAITLAND'S ERUVIN—SECOND EDITION

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ERUVIN; or Miscellaneous Essays on Subjects connected with the Nature,
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To be had of DE LA RUE and Co., Stationers, Bunhill Row, or of any other
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Now Publishing

THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE AGES. By HENRY BOWMAN and
JOSEPH S. CROWTHER, Architects, Manchester. To be completed in
Twenty Parts, each containing Six Plates, Imperial Folio. Issued at intervals
of two months. Price per Part to Subscribers, Proofs, large paper, 10s. 6d.;
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is most perfectly measured and described; one can follow the most
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who have no means of access to ancient churches. The Plates are on stone,
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that the perspective view from the south-east presents a very vision of
beauty; we can hardly conceive anything more perfect. We heartily
recommend this series to all who are able to patronize it."—Ecclesiologist,
Oct. 1849.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Just published, fcp. 8vo., cloth lettered. 2s. 6d.

A GLOSSARY to the OBSOLETE and UNUSUAL WORDS and
PHRASES of the HOLY SCRIPTURES. With an Introductory History of
the last English Version. By J. JAMESON.

London: WERTHEIM AND MACINTOSH. 24. Paternoster Row.

Preparing for publication. In 2 vols. small 8vo.

THE FOLK-LORE of ENGLAND. By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A.,
Secretary of the Camden Society, Editor of "Early Prose Romances," "Lays
and Legends of all Nations," &c. One object of the present work is to
furnish new contributions to the History of our National Folk-Lore; and
especially some of the more striking Illustrations of the subject to be found
in the Writings of Jacob Grimm and other Continental Antiquaries.

Communications of inedited Legends, Notices of remarkable Customs and
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THE MONUMENTAL BRASSES of ENGLAND; a series of Engravings
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By the Rev. C. BOUTELI. M.A. Rector of Downham Market.

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MONUMENTAL BRASSES and SLABS: an Historical and Descriptive
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It contains above 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered
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ANGLO-SAXON.—A DELECTUS in ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a
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pursuits, affording a ready clue to the pedigrees and arms of above 30,000
of the gentry of England, their residences, &c. (distinguishing the different
families of the same name in every county), as recorded by the Heralds in
their Visitations, with Indexes to other genealogical MSS. in the British
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GUIDE to ARCHÆOLOGY Archæological Index to Remains of Antiquity
of the Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. By JOHN
YONGE AKERMAN, Fellow and Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. 1
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"One of the first wants of an incipient antiquary is the facility of
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which we can, on this account, safely and warmly recommend to all who
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"A book of such utility—so concise, so clear, so well condensed from such
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COINS.—An Introduction to the Study of Ancient and Modern Coins. By
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Original Coins, 6s. 6d.

COINS of the ROMANS relating to BRITAIN described and illustrated. By
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SHAKSPERE.—A New Life of Shakspere, including many particulars
respecting the Poet and his Family never before published. By J.O.
HALLIWELL, F.R.S. &c. One handsome vol., 8vo., illustrated with 76
Engravings on Wood, from Drawings by Fairholt, 15s. cloth.

THE NURSERY RHYMES of ENGLAND, collected chiefly from Oral
Tradition. Edited by J.O. HALLIWELL. Fourth Edition, 12mo. with 38
Designs by W.B. Scott, 4s. 6d. cloth.

POPULAR RHYMES and NURSERY TALES; with Historical
Elucidations: a Sequel to "The Nursery Rhymes of England." Edited by J.O.
HALLIWELL, Royal 18mo. 4s. 6d.

PLAYING CARDS.—Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History of
Playing Cards. By WILLIAM ANDREW CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's
History of Wood Engraving." Thick 8vo., with numerous Engravings from
Copper, Stone and wood, both plain and coloured, cloth, 1l. 1s.

ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the LITERATURE, POPULAR
SUPERSTITIONS, and HISTORY of ENGLAND in the MIDDLE AGES.
By THOMAS WRIGHT, M.A.F.S.A. Two handsome vols. post 8vo.,
elegantly printed, cloth, 16s.

Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No.
5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
Street aforesaid.—Saturday, May 25. 1850.

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