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T i t l e: Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 125, March 20, 1852

A u t h o r: Various

E d i t o r: George Bell

R e l e a s e d a t e: October 1, 2012 [eBook #40910]
Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

L a n g u a g e: English

Other information and f o r m a t s:
www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/40910

C r e d i t s: Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND
QUERIES, VOL. V, NUMBER 125, MARCH 20, 1852 ***

Vol. V.—No. 125.

NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—Captain Cuttle.
Vol. V.—No. 125.
Saturday, March 20. 1852.
Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5d.

CONTENTS.
Notes:—
The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney 265
John Tradescant the Younger, an Englishman 266
Cowley and his Monument, by Henry Campkin 267
Count Königsmark and the Duchess of Somerset, by D.
Jardine 269
Folk Lore, by C. D. Lamont 270
London Street Characters, by Alfred Gatty 270
Minor Notes:—Dean Swift on Herbert's Travels—Joe Miller
—Hints to Book-buyers—Birmingham Antiquities—
Buchanan and Voltaire—Indignities on the Bodies of
Suicides 271

Queries:—
"God's Love," &c., and other Poems 272
Praying to the Devil 273
Minor Queries:—John Ap Rice's Register—Prideaux's
Doctrine of Conscience—John Adair, Geographer for
Scotland (alive in 1715)—Clergymen first styled
Reverend—Rev. Nathaniel Spinckes—Meaning of the
word "Elvan"—Wiclif—Showing the White Feather—
Gray and Locke—Horses and Sheep, Remains of in
Churches—Archæologia Cambrensis, Vol. I., Reprint—
Presbyterian Oath—"A Pinch of Snuff from Dean
Swift's Box"—Cromwell's Skull—Guy, Thomas,
Founder of Guy's Hospital, and M.P. for the Borough
for Tamworth, d. s. p. 1724—Episcopal Mitre—John
Lord Berkeley, Bishop of Ely—Palace of Lucifer—

Ecclesiastical Geography—History of Commerce—
Merchant Adventurers to Spain—King's College
Chapel Windows—The King's Standard—James
Wilson, M.D. 273
Minor Queries Answered:—Prestwich's Respublica—
Instance of Longevity—Solidus Gallicus, &c.—Sept—
Essay towards Catholic Communion—Bigot 276

Replies:—
Age of Trees; Tilford Oak 277
St. Paul's Quotation of Heathen Writers; St. Paul and Plato
278
Sir Alexander Cumming 278
General Wolfe 279
Replies to Minor Queries:—Song of "Miss Bailey"—Fern
Storms—The Last of the Paleologi—"Whipping
Graves"—Rev. John Paget—Old Scots March, &c.—
Sir R. Howard's "Conquest of China"—Mary Howe—
Dutch Chronicle of the World—Thistle of Scotland—
Bull the Barrel—Bishop Kidder's Autobiography—
Which are the Shadows?—Welsh Names "Blaen"—The
Verb "to commit"—Beócera-gent—New Zealand
Legend—Twenty-seven Children—Reeve and
Muggleton—Black Book of Paisley—Pasquinades—
Elegy on Coleman—Liber Conformitatum, &c.—
Grimesdyke; Grimes Graves—Junius and the Quarterly
Review again—Ink—Maps of Africa—Learned Men of
the Name of Bacon—Paring the Nails—Mottoes on
Dials—Mispronounced Names of Places—"There's
ne'er a villain," &c. 280

Miscellaneous:—
Notes on Books, &c. 285
Books and Odd Volumes wanted 286
Notices to Correspondents 286

Advertisements 287
List of Notes and Queries volumes and pages

Notes.

THE CAXTON COFFER.
[Proposals of Mr. Randal Minshull, c. 1742.[1]]
[1]
This document, though before printed, is as rare as
a manuscript. Dibdin had not seen it when he wrote
his memoir of Caxton, nor could he prove its
existence but by a reference to the Bibliotheca
Westiana. It is now reprinted from a copy in the
Grenville collection in the British Museum. The
specimen is a small folio, in pica type, and on thin
laid paper. As my information on Mr. Randal
Minshull is at present very scanty, I reserve it with
the hope of more fortunate gleanings.—Bolton
Corney.
"Proposals for printing an exact and ample account of all the books
printed by William Caxton, who was the first printer in England:
wherein will be set forth some select chapters from each book, to
shew the nature and diction thereof, with all his proems, prologues,
epilogues, and tables, in his own words. There will be also
interspersed several ancient and curious matters relating to the
history of England, and other curious subjects: with a vocabulary of
the old English words, and an explanation of them, which will
greatly illustrate the ancient English language, as it was written in
the reign of Edward III. and continued down to Henry VII. kings of
England, as contained in the writings of Thomas Woodstock duke of
Glocester, Anthony Woodville earl Rivers, John Gower, Geoffry
Chaucer, John Lydgate, and other famous persons.

"By R. Minshull, library-keeper to the right honourable the earl of
Oxford deceas'd.
'Ut sylvæ foliis pronos mutantur in annos,
Prima cadunt, ita verborum vetus interit ætas,
Et juvenum ritu, florent modo nata vigentq;
Debemur morti nos, nostraq;!'—Hor.
"It is proposed by the editor hereof, as follows: viz.
"I. This work will contain about 200 sheets of paper, printed in the
same form of letter and paper, as this specimen.
"II. There shall be no more printed than 500 books, suitable to the
proposed number of subscribers.
"III. That for the more expeditious carrying on, and effecting
thereof, every subscriber shall pay to the editor two guineas; viz.
one guinea at the time of subscribing, and the other guinea upon the
delivery of a perfect book in sheets.
"N.B. Proposals will be delivered, subscriptions taken, and proper
receipts given for the money, by the editor R. Minshull, at Mrs.
Reffers, in Maddox-street, near St. George's church, Hanover-
square.
"Received this [ ] day of [ ] 174[] from [ ] one guinea, being the
first payment [for] The account of the books printed by William
Caxton, according to the above proposals.
"An exact and ample account of all the books printed by William
Caxton, &c.
"The first work of William Caxton, appears to be (as he calls it) The
recuyell of the historyes of Troye, divided into three parts, the whole
containing 778 pages (as numbred by my self, they not being
figured in the printing) in a short folio, the paper being very thick
and strong: there are no initial capital letters in this book, which
shews that he had not formed any at that time. In his preface to this
book he declares that he was born in the Weeld of Kent, where he
first learned the rudiments of the English tongue; a place wherein he

doubts not, is spoke as broad and rude English, as in any part of
England: that he never was in France, but that he continued the
space of thirty years, for the most part, in Brabant, Flanders,
Holland and Zealand.
"He also says, that this history was first translated into French, from
several Latin authors, by a certain worshipful man, named the right
venerable and worthy Raoul le Feure, priest and chaplain to Philip
duke of Burgundy, in 1464; being the fourth year of the reign of
king Edward IV. In which year he was employed by that king in
conjunction with Richard Whetchill, esq.; to treat and conclude
certain actions of commerce between the said king and Philip duke
of Burgundy: their Commission, as set forth in Rymer's Fœdera, is
as follows; [See Rymer.]
"It was from the said French translation that Mr. Caxton formed this
history, in the prologue of which he stiles himself mercer of the city
of London; and it was by the command of his royal patroness,
Margaret, sister to king Edward IV. after her marriage with Charles,
duke of Burgundy, that he undertook it and finish'd it. A description
of this noble marriage is largely set forth by John Stow and
Hollingshead, in their chronicles; the latter gives the following
character and description of this royal princess, viz. 'She was a lady
of excellent beauty,'" &c. [See Holinshed.]

JOHN TRADESCANT THE YOUNGER, AN
ENGLISHMAN.
Great is the interest attached to the name of Tradescant, and we believe
few articles in our journal have been perused with greater satisfaction than
those by Mr. Singer and other valued correspondents, which appeared in
our third volume (pp. 119. 286. 353. 391. 393.), illustrative of their history.
In the same volume (p. 469.) a correspondent, C. C. R., after quoting the
following mutilated MS. note, written in pencil in a copy of Dr. Ducarel's
Tract on the subject, preserved among the books in the Ashmolean Museum
—

"Consult (with certainty of finding information concerning the
Tradescants) the Registers of—apham, Kent,"—
suggested that Meopham was the parish referred to, and that search should
be made there by some correspondent resident in that neighbourhood. The
hint was not, however, taken, and the matter dropped for a time.
At the close of last year we received a communication from a learned and
much valued friend, now, alas! no more,[2] telling us that Meopham was the
place referred to, and suggesting that we should get extracts from the
register for the information of our readers. Upon this hint we acted; but our
endeavours, for reasons to which we need not more particularly refer,
failed, and it was not until our attention was recalled to the subject by the
endeavour that is making, and we trust successfully making, to procure
subscriptions for restoring the Tradescant Monument at Lambeth, that we
applied to another friend resident in the neighbourhood of Meopham for his
assistance in the business. That assistance was (as it has ever been) rendered
most cheerfully and most effectually; and we are now enabled to lay before
our readers and the Committee of the Tradescant Monument Restoration
Fund, the following evidence that John Tradescant the younger was a Man
of Kent. It is extracted from the baptismal register of Meopham.
[2]
That excellent man and ripe scholar, the Rev.
Lancelot Sharpe, who was one of the first, on the
appearance of "N. & Q.," to convey to us his good
opinion of our paper, and to prove it by giving us his
communications. For particulars of his life and
literary labours, the reader is referred to the
Gentleman's Magazine for January, 1852, p. 99.
"1608 August the iiij daye John the sonne of John Tradescant was
baptised eodem die—"
Although we are not without hopes of receiving further information from
the same source, we could not refrain from bringing this new fact in the
history of the Tradescants at once before our readers.

COWLEY AND HIS MONUMENT.

If Pope in his time could ask, "Who now reads Cowley?" and if Cowper,
at a later period, could lament that his "splendid wit" should have been
"entangled in the cobwebs of the schools," it may be in our day, when most
good people who cultivate poetry, either as readers or writers, swear by
Wordsworth or Tennyson, that the bare mention of Cowley's name, in some
circles, would be resented as a kind of impertinence. But Pope's answer to
his own question is as apposite now as when the question was first put. If
Cowley—
"——pleases yet,
His moral pleases, not his pointed wit;
Forgot his epic, nay pindaric art,
But still I love the language of his heart."
The Davideis and the Herbs and Plants find few readers beyond those
who resort to them for special purposes; but poets of more recent times,
even whilst contemning his "conceits," have (as your volumes have
frequently shown) often borrowed his ideas without improving upon the
phraseology in which they have been clothed. Witness, for instance,
Cowper's transmutation of his noble line:
"God the first garden made—the first city, Cain,"
into his own smooth generality of—
"God made the country, and man made the town."
And Cowley's love of Nature, and his beautiful lyrics in praise of a
country life, will always keep his name before us. However, to desist from
this "nothing-if-not-critical" strain, let me beg of you to lay the
accompanying transcript [see the next page] of a manuscript in my
possession before your readers—that is, if you deem it of sufficient interest.
The verses themselves, evidently of a date not long subsequent to the
erection of the Cowley monument in Westminster Abbey, are written on the
back of a damaged copy of Faithorne's engraved portrait of him. They
comprise a not very correct transcript of the Latin inscription on the
monument, a translation and paraphrase of the same, and what is styled a
"burlesque," in which one of the chief features of the monument itself is
ludicrously associated with the profession of Sir Charles Scarborough,
Cowley's friend. The "Per Carolum Scarborough, Militem, Med.
Doctorem," implies, it may be presumed, that Sir Charles was the author of

the Latin epitaph, of which it has always been understood, and indeed it is
so stated in the later biographies of the poet, that Cowley's close friend and
literary executor Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, was the author. Scarborough
published an elegy to Cowley's memory, of which I am informed there is no
copy in the British Museum library; and being unable to refer to it in any
other collection, I have no means of ascertaining whether this elegy
discloses the fact of the authorship of the epitaph. This is not an
unimportant point, since it will be recollected that Dr. Johnson expends a
considerable amount of indignation upon the epitaph, not on account of its
Latinity, but on account of what he considers as the false sentiments of
which it is made the vehicle.
The value of the manuscript depends of course upon the possibility of the
chief item of its contents being unpublished. Whatever respect the writer
may have entertained towards Cowley, he certainly seems inclined to be
merry at the expense of Sir Charles Scarborough. The unwieldy urn which
surmounts the monument, is variously designated as a "whimwham urn as
broad as sawcer," and as "the surgeon's gally-pot." These are not very
complimentary epithets, it is true; but if they ever met the courtly
physician's eye he could afford to laugh with the laughers. Cowley's lack of
success in his attempt to obtain the mastership of the Savoy is not forgotten;
but the satirist speaks of the dead poet very goodhumouredly, and may be
said to concur in opinion with those of his admirers who predicted for his
writings an enduring immortality. But "sugar-candy Cowley," as the
burlesquer terms him, is now obliged to be content with a few pages in the
Selections from British Poets, where indeed he is entitled to a very eminent
position; whilst "dull Chaucer," as he is irreverently called, with whom the
writer quietly prays that Cowley may quietly "sleep in beggar's limbo,"
seems to live almost bodily amongst us; and his vivid pictures and naïve
descriptions are so acceptable, that it may safely be predicted that an edition
of the Canterbury Tales will always be a more profitable venture for a
publisher than a speculation in a new edition of the Davideis.
But, after all, Cowley's acceptance amongst those who immediately
survived him, is perhaps due quite as much to the recollection of his
amiable personal qualities, as to his poetic abilities; and when Charles II.,
"who never said a foolish thing," declared, on being informed of the poet's
death, that "Mr. Cowley had not left a better man behind him in England,"
the merry monarch may have intended exactly what he said, and no more.

With these rambling remarks I leave the matter, only trusting, if I shall be
found to have called attention to what may possibly be an old acquaintance
of some of your learned readers, that my desire to contribute an occasional
mite to the pages of a periodical, from which I gather so much information,
will be accepted as an apology.
The words in brackets are supplied, conjecturally, in consequence of the
manuscript being faulty in those places.
Henry Campkin.

per Carolum Scarborough
Militem
Med. Doctorem.

ABRAHAMUS COWLEIUS.

Anglorum Pindarus, Flaccus Maro,
deliciæ, decus, desiderium, ævi sui
hic juxta situs est.

Aurea dum volitant late tua scripta per orbem,
Et fama æternum vivis, divine Poeta,
Hic placida jaceas requies custodiat urnam
Cana fides, vigilentq; perennii lampade Musæ.
Sit sacer iste locus, nec quis temerarius ausit
Sacrilegi turbare manu venerabili bustum.
Intacti maneant, maneant per secula dulcis
Cowleii cineres, serventq; immobile saxum.

Sic vovet, votumq; suum apud posteros sacratum esse
voluit
Qui viro incomparabili posuit sepulchrale marmor.

Georgius Dux Buckinghamiæ

Excessit e vita anno ætatis 49 magnifica pompa
elatus ex ædibus Buckinghamiis, viris illustribus
omnium ordinum; exequias celebrantibus sepultus est
die tertio Augusti anno 1667.
Englished—

ABRAHAM COWLEY;

the English Pindar, Horace, Virgil: the delight, glory
and desire of his age, lies near this place.

Whilst that thy glorious volumes still survive
And thou (great Poet) art in Fame alive,
Here take thy full repose, free from alarmes,
In th' Churches bosome and the Muses armes.

Speak and tread softly Passengers, and none
With an unhallowed touch pollute this stone
Let sweet-strained Cowley in death's sleep ne're stir
But rest, rest ever in his sepulchre.

BURLESQ;

Here lies, reduc'd to ashes and cinder,
not Sr Paul, but Sr Abraham Pindar.
It is not fierce Horatio Vere,
but Horatio Cowley buried here.

Nor is this Polydore Virgil's room,
but Cantabrigian Virgil's tomb.
The pleasant'st child e're England bred
The bravest youth e're Cambridge fed

The dearest man e're wore a head.

Whilst that thy ballads up & down do flutter
and the town gallants of thy town muse mutter
Possesse this church, though thou couldst not ye Savoy
and in her soft lap let Melpomene have thee.

Let no Court storm nor tough-lung'd zealot blow
thy neatly angled atomes to and fro
And sleep in beggar's Limbo, by dull Chaucer,
under the whim wham urn as broad as sawcer
Whilst yt thy name doth smell as sweet as
May's
and all ye table talk is of thy Thais
thy miscellany and thy Davideis.

Rot away here and let the vault endure thee
let the religion of the house secure thee
and let the watching muses here immure thee.

Avaunt all ye that look profane and vile
Stand off, stand off, a hundred thousand mile
Nor with your thumbs this monument defile.

Let sugar-candy Cowley sleep in's grotte
let not ye people wake him, let them not
nor steal away the surgeons gally pot.

Whilst on wing'd Pegasus thou [Phœbus' Son]
through air and earth and sea & all do ride
Whilst by Orinda's pipe thy praise is blown
And thou in fairy land art deified;

Whilst thou dost soar aloft leave coyrs behind
to be interrd in antient monast'ry
And to the chimeing rabble safely joyn'd
[To] Draiton, Spencer and old Jeoffery.

Whilst thou above wear'st a triumphant wreath
And we the Poets militant beneath
Anthems to thy immortal honor breath

[Fill] the dark chest which for Apollo's heir
Ecclesia Anglicana doth prepare
And let the vestal nunne's watch ever here.

Let Libitina's selfe think't no disgrace
To be the Angel Guardian of this place
That no rude hand this monument deface.

Here let seraphic Cowley rest his head
Here let him rest it in this earthy bed
Till we all rise with glory lawrelled.

Whilst through ye world thy golden verses passe
more golden than those of Pythagoras
And whilst [sweet lyri]st thy anointed name
is registred in the large rowle of Fame

Here rest secure and let this minster be
a Sanctuary in that sense to thee,
Let the nine muses bid farewell to sleep
ever to watch the grave thy corps doth keep.

New consecrated is the holy ground

no crime no guilt must here be found;
Let not the man of vices hither come
and with his breath profane this sacred tomb.

Let Cowley's dust lie quiet in its urne
till the last trump all things to ashes turn;
Let it its station keep and quiet lie
till the blest dawn of immortality.

So wisheth
And desires his wish may be
Sacred to posterity
He who erected this monument
To that incomparable person

George Duke of Buckingham

He departed this life in the
49 year of his age
And was buried in great state out of
the Duke of Buckingham's House
Many illustrious persons of all
degrees attending his funeral.
August 3d. 1667.

COUNT KÖNIGSMARK AND THE DUCHESS OF
SOMERSET.
Several notices of Count Königsmark have lately appeared in "N. & Q.,"
Walpole's mistake having occasioned a question by Mr. Markland
respecting his identity. There can, however, be no doubt that the person who
was tried for being accessory to the assassination of Mr. Thynne in 1681-2,

and whose trial is reported at length in the 9th volume of Howell's State
Trials, p. 1., was Charles John Count Königsmark, as stated by Mr. Bruce
in Vol. v., p. 115. of "N. & Q.," and whose biography and genealogy are
more fully given by J. R. J. in p. 183. of the same volume.
In the Note on this subject by J. R. J. it is stated that "the most mysterious
episode in the life of this Count Königsmark was brought on by his sueing
for England's richest and highest heiress, Elizabeth, daughter of Josceline,
second Earl of Northumberland." This is perfectly true; but the personal
history of this lady, her connexion with Königsmark, her imputed privity to
the murder of Mr. Thynne, and the savage allusion to these circumstances
by Swift thirty years afterwards, deserve a more particular notice.
Elizabeth, Baroness Percy, was daughter and heiress of Josceline, Earl of
Northumberland, who died in 1670. According to Collins (Peerage, vol. iv.
p. 185.) she was four years old at the time of her father's death; so that she
was born in 1666. In 1679 she was married to Henry Cavendish, Earl of
Ogle, who was only son and heir of the Duke of Newcastle, and who died in
1680, before either party were of puberty to consummate the marriage. In
1681 the Lady Ogle was married to Thomas Thynne, of Longleat, in the
county of Wilts, Esquire,—a gentleman of great wealth, a friend of the
Duke of Monmouth, and the Issachar of Dryden's "Absalom and
Achitophel." Sir John Reresby, in his Memoirs, p. 135., says "The lady,
repenting of the match, fled from her husband into Holland before they
were bedded." Whether this elopement had any relation to Königsmark does
not appear: but a few months afterwards, namely, in February 1681-2, Mr.
Thynne was assassinated in the Haymarket by foreigners, who were
devoted friends of the Count, and who apparently acted under his direction,
or, at all events, with his acquiescence. The Count was at that time a mere
youth, and having been in London a few months before Lady Ogle's
marriage with Mr. Thynne, had then paid his addresses to her. He returned
into England about ten days before the murder, and was in London at the
time it was committed. In endeavouring to escape beyond sea the day
afterwards, he was taken in disguise at Gravesend, brought to Westminster,
and examined before King and Council. Sir John Reresby says, "I was
present upon this occasion, and observed that he appeared before the king
with all the assurance imaginable. He was a fine person of a man, and I
think his hair was the longest I ever saw." He denied all participation in the
murder, but he was committed and tried with the principals, as an accessory

before the fact; and although acquitted by the jury, a perusal of the trial
produces a strong persuasion that he was privy to the purpose of the
assassins. A fact much pressed against him was his inquiry of the Swedish
envoy, "Whether or no, if he should kill Mr. Thynne in a duel, he could, by
the laws of England, afterwards marry the Lady Ogle?" a question which
showed beyond all doubt that he had in some form entertained a design
against Mr. Thynne's life, and also that the attainment of the lady was the
motive. But whatever may have been the intention of the Count, and
whatever may have been the nature of his intercourse with the Lady Ogle, it
is quite clear that they were not married. On the contrary, this lady of early
nuptial experience, and of romantic but somewhat suspicious adventure,—
who was married three times, and twice a widow, before she was sixteen
years old,—was married on the 30th of May, 1682, and within four months
after the murder of Mr. Thynne, to Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset.
(Collins's Peerage, vol. i. p. 191.) Thus early practised in matrimonial
intrigue, we find her thirty years afterwards the accomplished organ of
political intrigue; the favourite and friend of Queen Anne, and the zealous
partisan of the Whig party. In that character she became the object of Swift's
pasquinade, the "Windsor Prophecy," which, though aimed at the Duchess
of Somerset, and the destruction of her influence at court, recoiled upon the
head of the author, prevented the queen from making him a bishop, and
banished him from her favour for the remainder of her reign. The meaning
of the "Prophecy," and the keenness of its sarcasm, were of course readily
understood and appreciated by cotemporaries. Swift himself seems to have
been highly pleased with it. He says, in one of his letters to Stella, "The
Prophecy is an admirable good one, and the people are mad for it." The
above recital of the early history of the Duchess of Somerset will render it
fully intelligible at the present day. After mentioning some incidents and
characters of the time, the "Windsor Prophecy" ends thus:
"And, dear Englond, if aught I understond,
Beware of Carrots[3] from Northumberlond!
Carrots, sown Thynne, a deep root may get,
If so be they are in Sommer set.
Their conyngs mark thou! for I have been told,
They assassine when young, and poison when old.
Root out these Carrots, O thou, whose name[4]

Is backwards and forwards always the same!
And keep close to thee always that name[5]
Which backwards or forwards is almost the same.
And, Englond, would'st thou be happy still,
Bury those Carrots under a Hill."[6]
[3]
Alluding to the Duchess of Somerset's red hair.
[4]
Anna Regina.
[5]
Lady Masham.
[6]
Lady Masham's maiden name.
D. Jardine.

FOLK LORE.
The pages of "N. & Q." have given the most varied and valuable
contributions to the "folk lore" of Britain; your contributors have
unquestionably saved many a scrap from oblivion, illustrated many an
obscure allusion, recorded many an old custom, and generally, by the
interesting nature of their notes (throwing, as they do, the newest and
strongest light on the darkest and most out-of-the-way nooks and corners of
the house and field life, and general turn of thought of the great mass of the
people), paved the way for a higher estimate being formed by literary men,
and the general reading public, of the real worth and present available use
of this hitherto despised branch of inquiry; and stimulating to some
extended and systematic garnering-up of those precious fragments that still
exist in unguessed abundance (sown broad-cast, as they are, from Land's
End to John o'Groat's), though fast perishing. I am confident that there is no
county or district in Great Britain that would not yield, to a careful, diligent,
and qualified seeker, a rich and valuable harvest; and where quaint
memorials of the people might not be unearthed, to be gathered together
and stored up, ready to the moulding hand of some coming Macaulay, who
may there find illustrations to make clear, and clues to guide the searcher in
the darkest and most entangled mazes of history.
Pardon, sir, for this most prosy and long-winded preface. I have been
induced to address you by observing what is being done in other countries,

by a desire to point out an example, and stimulate to its emulation that able
and tried body of inquirers in this country, who, for love of the subject, have
already collected such valuable stores.
In the Morning Chronicle of Monday, the 23rd of February, 1852 (No.
26,571. p. 6.), under the heading Denmark, is the following:—
"Two young Finnish students are wandering through the districts
round Tammerfors, for the purpose of collecting and preserving old
Finnish folk-tales, legends, songs, runes, riddles, and proverbs, &c.
Their names are B. Paldani and O. Palander. They are not assisted
by the Finnish Literary Society, whose funds at this moment are not
in a condition to bear any extra expenses, but by two divisions of
the students at Helsingfors, namely, the West Finnish and the
Wiborg students, each of which has subscribed fifty silver rubles for
this purpose. The two literary pilgrims have already collected rich
treasures of Finnish folk-lore. Why do we not follow their example?
When will some of our accomplished young scholars wander over
the hills and dales of merry England, rescuing from oblivion our
rich traditions, before they pass for ever from among us? Surely the
Society of Antiquaries might arrange similar visits for a similar
purpose. There is no want of men able and willing to undertake the
task, only the Arranging Hand is wanting. In the meantime let every
man do what he can in his own neighbourhood."
In hopes that the "arranging hand" may, through the medium of "N. &
Q.," start out of chaos ready for its work, and the "men able and willing"
not be wanting, I beg to state that (being unable to aid the cause otherwise)
I will gladly contribute in the way of money, as far as my abilities go,
should any systematic plan be arranged.
C. D. Lamont.
Greenock.

LONDON STREET CHARACTERS.
Mr. Dickens's graphic description of the Court of Chancery, in his new
work, Bleak House, contains the following sketch:

"Standing on a seat at the side of the hall, ... is a little mad old
woman in a squeezed bonnet, who is always in court ... expecting
some incomprehensible judgment to be given in her favour. Some
say she really is, or was, a party to a suit: but no one knows for
certain, because no one cares. She carries some small litter in a
reticule which she calls her documents: principally consisting of
paper matches and dry lavender."
There is a diminutive creature, somewhat answering to this description,
who limps on a stick and one leg that is shorter than the other, all the early
morning in the still courts of the Temple; and seems to be waiting the result
of some consultation, before she reappears, as is her wont, in Westminster
Hall. Whether this person suggested the victim of Bleak House, is a
question of no moment. The story commonly told of her is a very similar
one, namely, that she was ruined and crazed, like Peter Peebles, by the slow
torture of a law-suit. Is anything known of her real history?
What were the fortunes and fate of a poor female lunatic, who was called
Rouge et noir, from her crape sables and painted cheeks; and who used to
loiter every day about the Royal Exchange at four o'clock; and seemed to
depend for subsistence upon the stray bounty of the "money-changers?" It
was said that she had a brother who was hanged for forgery, and that this
drove her mad.
About thirty years ago, there might be heard any morning in the smaller
streets of "the city," a cry of "dolls' bedsteads," from a lean lame man on a
crutch; who wore an apron, and carried miniature bedsteads for sale. Of this
man it was generally reported, that he was implicated in the Cato Street
conspiracy, and turned king's evidence.
Charles Lamb describes a character, whom it is also impossible to forget:
"A well-known figure, or part of the figure of a man, who used to
guide his upper half over the pavements of London, wheeling along
with most ingenious celerity upon a machine of wood.... He was of
a robust make, with a florid sailor-like complexion, and his head
was bare to the storm and sunshine.... The accident which brought
him low, took place during the riots of 1780."
Is this all that is known of this half-giant?

When the old Houses of Parliament were standing, there used to be at
one of the entrances a dwarf, long past middle age, who persisted in
offering his services as a guide. His countenance was full of grave wisdom,
quite Socratic in expression; but, I believe, he was an idiot. Does anything
of interest attach to the remembrance of him?
And, lastly, not to "stretch the line out to the crack of doom," what
became of Billy Waters? Do these street heroes die the death of common
men—in bed, and with friends near them; or do they generally find their
fate at last in the workhouse or the gaol; and get buried no one knows when,
or by whom, or where?
I cannot agree with Mr. Dickens, that "no one knows for certain" about
such persons, "because no one cares." Indeed, Mr. D.'s philosophy and
practice are at variance in this matter. He makes his own sketch of "the little
mad old woman," because he feels that it will interest. How much more
would the original, could we get at it! But the truth is, these people are as
mysterious as the fireman's dog. They "come like shadows, so depart:"
leaving behind them on many minds ineffaceable impressions. Indeed,
some of us could confess with shame, that the feathered cocked hat and
fiddle of Billy Waters had survived the memory of a thousand things of real
importance: which could hardly be, were there not some psychological
force in these street characters—an inexplicable interest and attraction.
Alfred Gatty.

Minor Notes.
Dean Swift on Herbert's Travels.

—In a copy, now in my library, of Herbert's Travels in Africa, Asia, &c.,
folio, 1634, there is a very characteristic note in the autograph of Dean
Swift, to whom the book formerly belonged. Thinking that it may not be
uninteresting to some of the readers of "N. & Q.," I send a copy of it:
"If this book were stript of its impertinence, conceitedness, and
tedious digressions, it would be almost worth reading, and would
then be two-thirds smaller than it is.

"1720. J. Swift."
"The author published a new edition in his older days, with many
additions, upon the whole more insufferable than this. He lived
several years after the Restoration, and some friends of mine knew
him in Ireland. He seems to have been a coxcomb both ævi vitio et
sui."
W. Sneyd.

Denton.

Joe Miller.

—The remains of this patriarch of puns and jokes, hitherto peaceably
resting in the burial-ground in Portugal Street, will now be disturbed to
make way for the new buildings of King's College Hospital. Surely "Old
Joe" ought not to be carted away, and shot as rubbish. Some plain memorial
of him might soon be raised, if an appeal were made to the public; and if
every one whose conscience told him he had ever been indebted to Miller,
would subscribe only a penny to the memorial fund, the requisite sum
would soon be collected.
Jaydee.

Hints to Book-buyers.

—Inquirers buy books on subjects which they have, at the time, no
particular intention of closely investigating: when such intention afterwards
arises, they begin to collect more extensively. But it often happens, I
suspect, that it does not come into their heads to examine what they have
already got, as to which their memory is not good, because their
acquisitions were not made under any strong purpose of using them. The
warning which suggests itself is as follows: Always remember to examine
the old library as if it were that of a stranger, when you begin any new
subject, and before you buy any new books.
Here is another warning, not wholly unconnected with the former: Never
judge of a book, that is, of all which comes between the two boards, by the
title-page, which may be only the first title-page, in spite of the lettering at

the back. Persons who bind their books will not always be bound
themselves, either by law of congruity or convenience. I once hunted shop
and stall for a speech delivered in parliament a century ago, not knowing
that I had long possessed it bound up at the end of a Latin summary of
Leibnitzian philosophy. At the risk of posthumously revealing my real
name, I will add that I wrote on the fly-leaf that I was not the blockhead
who bound the book.
M.

Birmingham Antiquities.

—I wish to put on record in your journal a fact concerning the antiquities
of Birmingham. There is a street in this borough, called Camden Street,
which after crossing Worstone Lane, acquires the name of Lower Camden
Street. On the right-hand side of Lower Camden Street (as you go from
Camden Street), is some pasture ground, bounded on one side by a stream
called Chub-brook, which formerly flowed into the old Hockley Pool. This
pasture ground shows the evident traces of a moat, and the foundations of
several walls of a large building. I apprehend this is the spot referred to in
Hutton's History of Birmingham, p. 254., fourth edition:
"The lord Clinton and his lady seem to have occupied the Manor-
house, and Sir Thomas (de Birmingham), unwilling to quit the place
of his affections and of his nativity, erected a castle for himself at
Worstone; where, though the building is totally gone, the vestiges of
its liquid security are yet complete."
As the field will probably be built on in a short time, I wish to identify
the spot referred to by Hutton.
C. M. I.

Buchanan and Voltaire.

—Voltaire has obtained credit for a very smart epigram, and one which
the Edinburgh Review (vol. xxi. p. 271.) calls "one of his happiest
repartees." It was, however, stolen by him, either designedly or unwittingly,
from the celebrated Buchanan. Here are the two versions, and the point will
be observed to be the same in both:

"An Englishman visiting Voltaire in his retreat at Ferney, happened
to mention Haller, in whose praise the philosopher enlarged with
great warmth. The other observed that this was very handsome on
the part of M. de Voltaire, as Haller was by no means so liberal to
M. de Voltaire. 'Alas!' said the patriarch, 'I dare say we are both of
us very much mistaken!'"
Is not this the same as Buchanan's epigram (Ep., lib. 1. ed. Wets.)?
"In Zoilum.
"Frustra ego te laudo, frustra me, Zoile, lædas Nemo
mihi credit, Zoile nemo tibi."
Philobiblion.

Indignities on the Bodies of Suicides.

—We are all aware of the popular repugnance to permitting the bodies of
suicides to be interred within the "consecrated" or "hallowed" precincts of a
churchyard. Burial at cross-roads was the usual mode. In many parts of
Scotland such burials had to take place under cloud of night, to avoid the
interference of the rabble. But it would appear from the extract given below,
that public indignities were inflicted upon such corpses, to testify public
detestation of this crime. The extract is taken from the Diarey of Robert
Birrel, Burges of Edinburghe:
"1598, Feb. 20. The 20 day of Februar, Thomas Dobie drounit
himself in the Quarrel holes besyde the Abbay, and upone the
morne, he wes harlit throw the toune backward, and therafter hangit
on the gallows."
Perhaps some correspondent of "N. & Q." may be able to point out
similar instances of such a revolting procedure.
The "Abbay" referred to was the Abbey of Holyrood.
The "Quarrel," or Quarry holes, seem to have been fatal, in many cases,
both to "man and beast;" for Sir David Lyndsay, in one of his poems, says:
"Marry, I lent my gossip my mare, to fetch hame coals,
And he her drounit into the quarry holes."
R. S. F.

Perth.

Queries.

"GOD'S LOVE," ETC., AND OTHER POEMS.
I should be very glad if, among the many learned contributors to the "N.
& Q.," there should be any one who can give me information respecting a
rare volume of English poetry, of which I do not recollect to have seen any
notice, or any other copy than that in my own possession.
It is a 12mo., or rather small 8vo. volume, and, by the type and general
appearance, was probably printed rather before than after 1660. It consists
of three portions:
1. "God's Love and Man's Unworthiness," which commences thus:
"God! how that word hath thunder-clapt my soul
Into a ravishment; I must condole
My forward weakness. Ah! where shall I find
Sufficient metaphors t' express my mind?
Thou heart-amazing word, how hast thou fill'd
My soul with Hallelujahs, and distill'd
Wonders into me!"
This poem is in two parts, and extends to p. 82.
2. "A Dialogue between the Soul and Satan," p. 83 to 124, including a
short supplementary poem entitled "The Soul's Thankfulness and Request
to God."
3. "Divine Ejaculations." One hundred and forty-nine in all. Each
consists of six lines. I extract the tenth as a specimen:
"Great God! Thy garden is defaced:
The weeds do thrive, the flowers decay:
O call to mind thy promise past,

Restore thou them, cut these away.
Till then, let not the weeds have power
To starve or taint the poorest flower."
The copy now before me has no title-page or prefatory matter of any
kind, and it wants the second sheet, p. 17 to 32. Yet I do not think it
imperfect, for though the paging goes from p. 16 to p. 33, yet the catch-
word on the 16th page is answered by the first word on p. 33, and the sense
is consecutive.
It seems to me, therefore, that the author changed in some degree his
plan, as the work was proceeding at the press, and that the little volume
having thus the appearance of negligence and incompleteness, no title or
preface was ever printed, and the book never issued for sale.
On this, or any other point, but especially on the question who was the
writer of so much verse, I wish to receive information from some of the
readers of your very entertaining and often instructive miscellany.
T. S.

PRAYING TO THE DEVIL.
I always thought that this unfashionable sort of worship was confined to
some obscure fanatical sects in the East, and was not prepared to find an
apparent record of its having been practised, amidst the frivolities and
plotting of the French Court, by no less celebrated a lady than Catharine de
Medicis. In the Secret History of France for the Last Century (London,
printed for A. Bell, at the Cross Keys in Cornwel, (sic.) &c. 1714), I find
such an odious charge advanced. I do not draw attention to it with the
slightest shadow of belief in a story so ridiculous and incredible; but to ask,
whether there existed any foundation for the following statement regarding
the "steel box," and if so, what were its contents?
"In the first Civil War, when the Prince of Conde was in all
appearance likely to prevail, and Katherine was thought to be very
near the End of her much desir'd Regency, during the Young King's
Minority, she was known to have been for Two days together, retir'd
to her Closet, without admitting her menial Servants to her

Presence. Some few Days after, having call'd for Monsieur De
Mesme, one of the Long Robe, and always firm to her Interest, she
deliver'd him a Steel Box fast lock'd, to whom she said, giving him
the Key, That in respect she knew not what might come to be her
Fortune, amidst those intestine Broils that then shook France, she
had thought fit to inclose a thing of great Value within that Box,
which she consign'd to his Care, not to open it upon Oath, but by an
Express Order under her own Hand. The Queen Dying, without
ever calling for the Box, it continued many Years unopen'd in the
Family of De Mesme, after both their Deaths, till at last Curiosity, or
the Suspicion of some Treasure from the heaviness of it, tempted
Monsieur De Mesme's Successor to break it open, which he did.
Instead of any Rich Present from so great a Queen, what Horror
must the Lookers on have, when they found a Copper Plate of the
Form and Bigness of one of the Ancient Roman Votive Shields, on
which was Engraven Queen Katherine de Medicis on her Knees, in
a Praying Posture, offering up to the Devil sitting upon a Throne, in
one of the ugliest Shapes they use to Paint him, Charles the IXth.
then Reigning, the Duke of Anjou, afterwards Henry the IIId., and
the Duke of Alanson, her Three sons, with this Motto in French, So
be it, I but Reign. This very Plate continues yet in the Custody of the
House of Mesme, of which Monsieur D'Avaux, so famous for his
Ambassies, was a Branch, and was not only acknowledged by him
to be so, when Ambassador in Holland, but he was also pleas'd at
that time, to promise a Great Man in England, a Copy of it; which is
a Terrible Instance of the Power of Ambition in the Minds of French
Princes, and to what Divinity, if one dares give the Devil that name,
even in Irony, they are ready to pay their adoration, rather than part
with their hopes of Empire."—Pp. 6, 7.
R. S. F.
Perth.

Minor Queries.
John Ap Rice's Register.

—Two ancient charters, formerly belonging to the abbey of Bury St.
Edmund's, and now in the possession of the corporation of King's Lynn,
bear the indorsement of J. Rhesensis, i.e. John Ap Rice, the commissioner
who was sent by Hen. VIII. to investigate the affairs of this abbey; and
whose letter upon the subject to secretary Cromwell is published in Letters
relating to the Suppression of the Monasteries. On one of the charters the
indorsement has been erased all but the name; on the other it runs thus:
—"Relat' in regiū Registr' ad v'bū, 1536, J. Rhesens', Registr'." Is anything
known of the Royal Register referred to?
C. W. G.

Prideaux's Doctrine of Conscience.

—Who was the author of the address to the reader in the Doctrine of
Conscience, by Bishop Prideaux, published in 1656? it is signed Y. N.
Bishop Prideaux died in 1650.
G. P. P.

John Adair, Geographer for Scotland (alive in 1715).

—I am anxious to obtain some information respecting the ancestry, wife,
death, and descendants of this individual. I am already aware of the notices
of him in Chalmers's Caledonia (ii. 58.), and in the Bannatyne Miscellany
(ii. 347.).
E. N.

Clergymen first styled Reverend.

—I should be obliged if any of your correspondents would inform me
when the word "Reverend" first came into use as distinctive of a clergyman.
It never seems to have been applied to Hooker, who is always called Mr.
Hooker in the different editions of his works.
Questor.

Rev. Nathaniel Spinckes.

—Information is requested as to the descendants of the Rev. Nathaniel
Spinckes, one of the Nonjuring divines, who died July 28, 1727. He was
rector of Glinton with Peakirk, Northamptonshire; and it appears from
Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary that he left two children, William
Spinckes, Esq., and Anne, who married Anthony Cope, Esq.
J. P. Jr.

Meaning of the Word "Elvan."

—Will any kind philologist come to the aid of the geologists in
ascertaining the meaning of this uncouth word? In the current number of the
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society (No. 29.) we read:
"Certain quartziferous porphyries which occur in the mining
districts of Cornwall as veins, partly in granite, partly in clay-slate,
have been long there known under the name of 'Elvans.' We have in
vain sought for the origin of this term in English writers. Henwood
expressly says (Trans. Geol. Soc. of Cornwall, vol. v.) that the
etymology of the word is unknown. May it not perhaps be derived
from a place called 'Elvan?' Reuss says, in his Lehrbuch der
Geognosie, that porphyry occurs near Elvan in Westmoreland."
On turning to Borlase (Natural History of Cornwall, p. 91.), I find that he
gives the derivation as follows:
"Quasi ab Hel-vaen, i.e. the stone generally found in brooks; unless
it be a corruption of An-von, which in Cornish signifies a smith's
anvil, and might fitly represent this very hard stone."
The term is a Cornish one, and applied to a crystalline rock usually hard
enough to strike fire readily on sharp friction; and may it not have been
derived from the Cornish word "Elven, a spark of fire," given in Borlase's
vocabulary.
S. R. P.
Launceston.

Wiclif.

—There are few names of equal celebrity that have been so variously
spelt, the sound remaining the same whether written Wiclif, Wycliff,
Wickliffe, Wykcliff, &c. Can any authority be given, to ascertain the correct
spelling?
J. K.

Showing the White Feather.

—What is the origin of this periphrasis for cowardice? Certainly not the
words of King Henry:
"Press where ye see my white plume shine,
Amidst the ranks of war;
And be your Oriflamme to-day
The helmet of Navarre."
A. A. D.
Trin. Coll. Dublin.

Gray and Locke.

—The germ of Gray's—
"For who, to dumb forgetfulness a prey,"
occurs somewhere in Locke's Works. Can any one refer me to the passage; it
commences:
"Who ever left the precincts of mortality, without," &c.
H. E. H.

Horses and Sheep, Remains of in Churches.

—In excavating the chancel of St. Botolph's parish church, Boston, we
have discovered a quantity of horse's bones, and the jaw-bones of a sheep.
Can any of your correspondents enlighten us on this singular case?
Thomas Collis.

Boston.

Archæologia Cambrensis, Vol I., Reprint.

—I have recently purchased a copy of the above work to complete my
set; but before doing so, I enquired of Mr. Pickering the publisher, if it was
in all respects as well executed as the first copies. The answer, however,
gave me no more information than "that the numbers of vol. i. Arch. Camb.,
which were destroyed by fire, have been reprinted, so as to make up a few
copies, and the price is consequently 21s." The "reprint" is not as well
executed as the original copies, inasmuch as nearly a whole page of
interesting matter is omitted, and very few of the reprinted pages
correspond with the good old ones. I have been a long time looking for the
first volume of the Archæologia Cambrensis, the greater portion of which
had been so unfortunately destroyed by fire; and though I cannot consider
the "reprint" quite as good as the old copies, still I was very glad to obtain
it. I trouble you with this "Note," not because I am dissatisfied with the
mode of execution of the reprint, but in the hope that some of your
correspondents will favour me with a few words on the work, and inform
me why the page has been omitted, and why the reprinted pages do not
agree with those of the old copies. Are there any other faults in the "reprint"
which may have escaped my notice?
R. H.
Dublin.

Presbyterian Oath.

—The author of the Faggot of French Sticks remarks, that he never
remained ignorant of anything which excited his attention in the streets of
Paris when any one passing by could give him the information required: so
now that there is such a living encyclopædia to consult as "N. & Q.," no
knowledge should be lost for want of inquiry. In more than one publication
it has been lately asserted, that presbyterian ministers take the following
oath:
"We all subscribe, and with hands uplifted to the most High God do
swear: 1. That we shall sincerely, really, and constantly through the
grace of God, endeavour in our several places and callings to bring
the church of God in the three kingdoms to the nearest conjunction

and uniformity in religion, confession of faith, form of church
government, &c. 2. That we shall in like manner, without respect of
persons, endeavour the extirpation of popery and prelacy (that is,
church government by archbishops, bishops, deans, and others.)"
The Bishop of Exeter, in a recent pamphlet, inserts this parenthesis:
"(Whether this actual subscription and oath be still continued, I
know not: but the covenant is still a part of the Kirk's symbolical
book, and published as such for the education of the people)."
Will some friend north of the Tweed be kind enough to settle this point?
C. T.

"A Pinch of Snuff from Dean Swift's Box."

—Some years ago I saw in the shop of a dealer in curiosities, in London,
an old snuff-box, which was said to have belonged to Dean Swift; it was
accompanied with three printed leaves, of the common octavo size, the first
page of which commenced with "A Pinch of Snuff from Dean Swift's Snuff
Box," (being a description of the snuff-box in question). The next subject on
the leaves began with "'Tis a hundred years since." The leaves appeared to
have been extracted from some Irish magazine or periodical, published
about the year 1845-6, and to contain much valuable and amusing matter.
As I have made repeated inquiries among the London booksellers in vain,
for the name of the publication from which the above-mentioned extract
was taken, I shall feel much obliged if you will permit me to make a similar
inquiry through the medium of "N. & Q.," and by so doing you will confer a
great favour upon
A Subscriber.
Gloucester.

Cromwell's Skull.

—I believe that a skull, maintained by arguments of considerable weight
to be the veritable skull of the Protector, is now carefully kept in the hands
of some person in London. It is understood that this interesting relic is
retained in great secrecy, from the apprehension that a threat, intimated in

the reign of George III., that if made public, it would be seized by
government, as the only party to which it could properly belong.
It is to be hoped that the time in which such a threat could be executed
has passed by, and that no danger need now be apprehended by the
possessor for his open avowal of the facts of the case, such as they are.
Indeed, it seems desirable that if fair means could lead to such a result,
the skull of one who filled so conspicuous a position amongst England's
most distinguished rulers, should become public property.
Perhaps some one in possession of the arguments verifying the identity of
the skull in question with that of Cromwell, would, by a recapitulation of
them, favour some readers of the "N. & Q.", and amongst others
J. P.

Dudley.

Guy, Thomas, Founder of Guy's Hospital, and M.P. for the Borough of
Tamworth, d. s. p. 1724.

—Can any of your readers give information as to the existence of any
member of this family in the male line? The senior line of descent from
Guy's maternal uncle, John Voughton, became extinct in 1843 upon the
decease of Elizabeth, the relict of Dr. Clarke of Weggington, brother of Sir
Charles M. Clarke, Bart.
Kt .

Episcopal Mitre (Vol. iii., p. 62. et seq.).

—In addition to this Query, which has elicited much to interest one, I beg
to know at what date and why the use of the mitre in England was
discontinued? At the coronation of George IV. I, for one, was grievously
disappointed not to see the whole bench of bishops mitred as well as robed.
S. S.

John Lord Berkeley, Bishop of Ely.

—In the Diary of Dr. Edward Lake, published in the Camden Miscellany,
vol. i. p. 16., occur the following paragraphs:—
"Dec. 23. 1677. I administered the sacrament to the Lord John
Barclay, being not well."
To the word Barclay, the editor, George Percy Elliott, Esq., has subjoined
the following note:—
"Probably Lord John Berkeley; he was afterwards Bishop of
Rochester, and subsequently of Ely, and was deprived for not taking
the oath of allegiance to William and Mary."
Can any reader of "N. & Q." suggest any authority for the statement in
the editor's note? Francis Turner was Bishop of Ely from 1684 to 1691,
when he was deprived for refusing to take the oath of allegiance to William
and Mary. Turner was succeeded by Simon Patrick, translated from
Chichester. As to the Rochester see, that was filled by Thomas Sprat from
1684 to 1713. His biography reminds one more of the Vicar of Bray than
the sturdy Nonjuror.
J. Y.
Hoxton.

Palace of Lucifer.

—In Milton's elegy upon the death of Bishop Andrewes there is an
allusion to a fabled Palace of Lucifer which I do not quite understand. It
seems to refer to some romantic description or other, and I shall be much
obliged to any one that will kindly tell me by whom. It is always important
to know something of the train of an author's reading, as we then can better
understand the ordinary train of his thoughts—
"Serpit odoriferas per opes levis aura Favoni,
Aura sub innumeris humida nata rosis,
Talis in extremis terræ Gangetidis oris
Luciferi regis fingitur esse domus."
Eleg. III. In obitum Præsulis Wintoniensis, l. 47.
/

And now I will give Thomas Warton's note in full. He says:
"I know not where this fiction is to be found. But our author has
given a glorious description of a palace of Lucifer in the Paradise
Lost, b. v. 757.:
"'At length into the limits of the North
They came, and Satan to his royal seat
High on a hill, far blazing, as a mount,
Rais'd on a mount, with pyramids and towers
From diamond quarries hewn, and rocks of gold,
The Palace of Great Lucifer, so call
That structure, in the dialect of men
Interpreted; which not long after, he,
Affecting all equality with God,
In imitation of that mount, whereon
Messiah was declar'd in sight of Heaven,
The Mountain of the Congregation call'd,' &c.
"Here is a mixture of Ariosto and Isaiah. Because Lucifer is simply said
by the prophet 'to sit upon the Mount of the Congregation on the sides of
the North,' Milton builds him a palace on this mountain, equal in
magnificence and brilliancy to the most superb and romantic castle. In the
text, by the utmost parts of the Gangetic land, we are to understand the
north; the river Ganges, which separates India from Scythia, arising from
the mountain Taurus."
Some of your learned correspondents will, I doubt not, be both able and
willing to throw some light upon a difficulty which may possibly have an
indirect connexion with other difficulties also.
Rt .

Warmington, Nov. 7. 1851.

Ecclesiastical Geography.

—Can any of your correspondents direct me to some works on
Ecclesiastical Geography?

Ajax.

History of Commerce.

—What work gives a history of the various courses of commerce
between Europe and the East in ancient and modern times, or in either of
them, as I cannot meet with any such book in the various catalogues and
advertisements of the day?
X. Y. Z.
Cambria.

Merchant Adventurers to Spain.

—Where can there be found any account of a trading company called the
"Merchant Adventurers to Spain," who flourished in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth?
C. I. P.

King's College Chapel Windows.

—In The Blazon of Gentrie, by John Ferne, London, 1586, it is said (p.
248.):—
"If anie personne doth give, or by his testament shall bequeth money
to build a temple, the walles of a city, port, a causey, churches, &c.,
he maye set his armes upon the same. If so be that he did this, of his
owne free will and liberalitie. But if he did the same by compulsion
(beeing for that purpose set unto some mulcte or fine, for his
offence, and so constrained to make his redemption by the building
or repayring of the like things), he may not set his armes in such
publique workes, as that bishop was, which being condemned in the
Præmunire, redeemed the punishment of that offence, by the glasing
of the King's College chappell windowes in Cambridge, a glasse-
work of worthy admiration."
Is there any foundation for this story, and who was the bishop?
C. W. G.

The King's Standard.

—Will some of your correspondents kindly inform me where I can meet
with a drawing of this standard in blazon? The Relation of the King's setting
up his Standard at Nottingham: 4to. Lond. 1642, gives an engraving of the
same under the title; but I cannot trace the mode in which the banner in
question was coloured.
Amanuensis.

James Wilson, M.D.

—In 1761 James Wilson, M.D., published in two volumes, octavo, a
reprint of the mathematical tracts of his then deceased friend Benjamin
Robins. To them he added an appendix containing a dissertation on the
controversy about the invention of fluxions, which dissertation is very little
cited. He makes various statements on his own authority, describing himself
as having been the friend of Brook Taylor and of Dr. Pemberton. Among
other things he furnishes something which might be cited in answer to my
query in Vol. v., p. 103., affirming that all Collins's papers fell into Jones's
possession about the year 1708. Dr. Wilson and Martin Folkes were joint
executors of Robins, as the former states. Query, who was James Wilson,
M.D.? What was his probable age in 1712? What means exist for forming
an opinion as to his judgment and veracity, over and above his publications
as aforesaid?
A. De Morgan.

Minor Queries Answered.
Prestwich's Respublica.

—I have a copy of a work called Prestwich's Respublica, or a Display of
the Honours, Ceremonies, and Ensign of the Commonwealth, 1787; in
which is an Alphabetical Roll of the Names and Armorial Bearings of many
of the Present Nobility of these Kingdoms. The volume concludes with
John Aspinhall, and a note states that the remainder of the roll should be

given in the second volume. Has the second volume ever been published, as
I cannot ascertain that it has? If so, how many years after the first?
G. P. P.

[It was the intention of Sir John Prestwich to continue this work, but
not having received the encouragement he expected, and suffering
also from ill health, the second volume was not published. See
Nichols' Literary Anecdotes, vol. ix. p. 23.]

Instance of Longevity.—

"In the obituary register for the ancient parish of St. Leonard,
Shoreditch, is to be found the following very singular entry, viz.:
'Thomas Cam, died on the 28th of January, 1588, at the astonishing
age of 207 years. He was born in the year 1381, in the reign of King
Richard II., and lived in the reigns of twelve kings and queens.'"—
Times, Dec.—1848?
Can this be authenticated; is there any truth in the story? Surely so
venerable a patriarch must have attracted the notice of some of his
cotemporaries. Your correspondent O. C. D. will, I fear, place this
"instance" in the category of "ante-register longevities."
W. R. Deere Salmon.

[At the time the above paragraph was going the round of the papers,
a friend consulted the parish clerk of St. Leonard, Shoreditch,
respecting its authenticity, and was informed that some mischievous
individual had altered the figure 1 into 2. It is correctly given by Sir
Henry Ellis in his History of Shoreditch, p. 77., as follows:
—"Thomas Cam, aged 107, 28 January, 1588."]

Solidus Gallicus, &c.

—Will any of your correspondents kindly construe for me the following
sentences?
"Valebat siclus sanctuarii tetradrachma Atticum: quod Budaeus
estimat 14 solidis Gallicis, aut circiter: nam didrachma septim facit

solidos, sicuti drachma simplex duos, et sesquialterum, minus
denario turonico."
What was the value of "solidus Gallicus," or French sol, or sous; for this I
presume to be its meaning in 1573, the date of the passage? And what was
the value of the "denier Tournois," if that be the meaning of "denarium
Turonicum?"
References are useless, for I have no access to libraries.
C. W. B.

[A numismatic friend, to whom we referred this Query, writes, "If it
were not for the context, 'nam didrachma septim facit solidos,' I
should suppose the 14 to be a misprint for 4. Where could this
passage be taken from? The shekel was worth a tetradrachm. The
French 'sol' was the twentieth part of a pound. The 'denier Tournois'
was a penny. The whole passage, after the first line (which is plain
enough), is to me unintelligible."]

Sept.

—What is the etymology, and what the correct use, of this Anglo-Irish
word?
A. N.

[Dr. Ogilvie, in his Imperial Dictionary, has suggested the following
derivation: "Qy. sapia, in the L. prosapia; or Heb. shabet, a clan,
race, or family, proceeding from a common progenitor."]

Essay towards Catholic Communion (Vol. v., p. 198.).

—An Essay to procure Catholic Communion on Catholic Principles,
alluded to by J. Y., has just been republished by Darling, Gt. Queen Street.
It is taken from Deacon's Complete Collection of Devotions, 1734, and the
editors attribute its authorship to Dr. Brett, on the authority of Peter Hall's
Fragmenta Liturgica, vol. i. p. 42.
If J. Y. has not seen the reprint, perhaps this note may assist him in his
inquiry.
R. J. S.

[The above is not the same work as the one referred to in J. Y.'s
Query, which makes a 12mo. volume of 292 pages (edit. 1781);
whereas the reprint published by Darling is a tract of 16 pages.
There is also a slight difference in the title-pages of each.]

Bigot.

—What is the derivation of bigot?
C. M. I.

[Richardson suggests the following:—"The French at this day apply
the word bigot to one superstitiously religious; not certainly from
the oath be-got, as Menage thinks, but rather from the A.-S. bigan,
colere; and hence also begine, a religious woman. (Wachter in v.
Bein-Gott.)"
Cotgrave says, "Bigot, an old Norman word (signifying as much as
'de par Dieu,' or our 'for God's sake') made good French, and
signifying an hypocrite, or one that seemeth much more holy than
he is: also, a scrupulous, or superstitious fellow."
Speight says, "Begin, bigot, superstitious, hypocrite." Upon which
Thynne remarks, "whiche sence I knowe yt maye somewhat beare,
because yt sauorethe of the dispositione of those Begins or Beguines,
for that ys the true wrytinge."]

Replies.

AGE OF TREES; TILFORD OAK.
(Vol. iv., p. 401., &c.)
I hope your correspondent L., in his search for ancient trees, will not
overlook the Great Oak at Tilford near Farnham, which is worth a visit for
its size and beauty, if not for its antiquity. Mr. Brayley, in his History of
Surrey, vol. v. p. 288., thus speaks of it:—
"In the Charter granted by Henry de Blois about the year 1250, to
the monks of Waverley, he gives them leave to inclose their lands
wherever they please, within these bounds, 'which extend,' says the
record, 'from the Oak of Tilford, which is called the Kynghoc [a
quercu de Tyleford quæ vocatur Kynghoc], by the king's highway
towards Farnham, &c.' ... The Tilford Oak is still standing, and is
known by its ancient appellation of the King's Oak: a name which it
could not have obtained unless it had been of considerable age and
growth at the time of the bishop's grant; and it may therefore be
reasonably supposed to be 800 or 900 years old. It is a noble tree,
and still flourishing apparently without decay."
I very much doubt the identity of the present tree with the "King's Oak"
of Henry de Blois. First, Because the present bounds of Waverley do not
run within 300 yards of the tree; and the bounds are hardly likely to have
been materially changed, inasmuch as the abbey lands are freehold and
tithe-free, whereas the surrounding lands are copyhold and titheable.
Secondly, because the tree itself appears still to be growing and vigorous.
Cobbett describes it in his Rural Rides, p. 15., 1822, with his usual accuracy
of observation:

"Our direct road was right over the heath, through Tilford, to
Farnham: but we veered a little to the left after we came to Tilford,
at which place, on the green, we stopped to look at an oak tree,
which, when I was a little boy, was but a very little tree,
comparatively, and which is now, taken altogether, by far the finest
tree that I ever saw in my life. The stem or shaft is short, that is to
say, it is short before you come to the first limbs; but it is full thirty
feet round at about eight or ten feet from the ground. Out of the
stem there come not less than fifteen or sixteen limbs, many of
which are from five to six feet round, and each of which would in
fact be considered a decent stick of timber. I am not judge enough of
timber to say anything about the quantity in the whole tree; but my
son stepped the ground, and, as nearly as we could judge, the
diameter of the extent of the branches was upwards of ninety feet,
which would make a circumference of about 300 feet. The tree is in
full growth at the moment. There is a little hole in one of the limbs,
but with that exception, not the smallest sign of decay The tree has
made great shoots in all parts of it this last summer, and there are no
appearances of white on the trunks such as are regarded as the
symptoms of full growth. There are many sorts of oak in England:
two very distinct. One with a pale leaf, and one with a dark leaf; this
is of the pale leaf."
Any other references to the age or history of this tree would oblige.
Tilfordiensis.

P.S. As your correspondent asked for information as to the species of
large oaks, I have inclosed some of the acorn-cups.

ST. PAUL'S QUOTATION OF HEATHEN
WRITERS—ST. PAUL AND PLATO.
(Vol. v., p. 175.)
The letter at Vol. v., p. 175. of "N. & Q.," reminds me of a passage in a
Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles, by the Rev. W. G. Humphry, B.D.,
which it may not be uninteresting to cite, in connexion with what your

correspondent says of St. Paul's practice of quoting the writings of heathen
authors.
It will be the ground also of an obvious query as to the source from
which the quotation, if such it be, was borrowed by the Apostle.
In commenting upon v. 17. of chap. xiv., οὐρανόθεν, &c., he says:
"Both the language and the rhythm of this passage lead to the
conjecture (which does not appear to have been proposed before)
that it is a fragment from some lyric poem. Possibly the quotation is
not exact, but even without alteration it may be broken into four
lyric measures, thus:
"Οὐρανό|θεν ἡ|μῖν ὑ|ετοὺς
δίδους καὶ καιροὺς | καρποφόρους,
ἐμπι|πλῶν τρο|φῆς καὶ |
εὐφροσύνης | τὰς κα|ρδίας.
"1. Iambic; 2. Dochmaic and Choriamb.; 3. Trochaic; 4. Choriamb.
and Iambic."
Mr. Humphry has some remarks on St. Paul's quotations at v. 28. of chap.
xvii.
Oxoniensis.

Broad Street, Oxford.

Your correspondent Mr. Gill (Vol. v., p. 175.) suggests an inquiry as to
the probable extent to which St. Paul was acquainted with the writings of
Aristotle. His letter reminds me of a similar question of still greater interest,
which has often occurred to me, and to which I should like to call your
readers' attention, "Whether St. Paul had read Plato?" I think no one who
studies the 15th of the First Epistle to the Corinthians—that sublime chapter
in which the Apostle sets forth the doctrine of the Resurrection—and who is
also familiar with the Phædo, can fail to be struck with a remarkable
similarity in one portion of the argument. I allude especially to the 36th
verse of the chapter, and those immediately following, "That which thou
sowest is not quickened except it die," &c. The reasoning, as almost every
Christian knows, is based on analogy, and tends to show that, as in the
vegetable world life springs from death, the seed dies, but out of it comes
the perfect plant; so the dissolution of our present body is only a necessary

step to the more glorified and complete development of our nature. In the
Phædo, sect. 16., Socrates is represented as employing the same argument
in defence of his doctrine of the immortality of the soul. In the course of his
discussion with Kebes and Simmius on this subject, a consideration of the
phenomena of animal and vegetable life leads him to assert the general
conclusion, "ἐκ τῶν τεθνεώτων, τὰ ζῶντά τε καὶ οἱ ζῶντες γίγνονται," and
he then proceeds to demonstrate the probability that in like manner the soul
will not only survive the body, but reach a higher and purer condition after
its death. Wetstein, whose abundant classical illustrations of the sacred text
are alluded to by your correspondent, refers to little else than verbal
parallelisms in his notes on this chapter, and does not quote Plato at all; nor
do I remember seeing any edition of the Greek Testament in which the
coincidence is pointed out. Perhaps some of your correspondents can
elucidate this subject; it is one of great interest, and when pursued in the
reverent and religious spirit indicated by MR. GILL, can hardly fail to
prove a source of profitable investigation.
Joshua G. Fitch.

My edition of the Platonic Dialogues is that of N. Forster of
Christchurch, Oxford, dated 1745. In it the section I refer to is numbered
16; but in Stallbaum and some other editors, the arrangement is different,
and the passage occurs in section 43.

SIR ALEXANDER CUMMING.
(Vol. v., p. 257.)
I have in my possession a manuscript consisting of copies of various
letters, and other memorials of Sir Alexander Cumming. It is of his own
period, but whether of his own handwriting I cannot say.
They are clearly the compositions of a person of an unsettled intellect;
but we may collect from them the following facts:—His captain's
commission was dated May 29, 1703; he was called by his mother, a few
days before her death, both Jacob and Israel. This is further explained when
he relates that Lady Cumming, his mother, set out from Edinburgh the first
of the "Borrowing Days," towards the end of March, 1709.

"The three last days of March are called 'the Borrowing Days' in
Scotland, on account of their being generally attended with very
blustering weather, which inclines people to say that they would
wish to borrow three days from the month of April, in exchange for
those three last days of the month of March. This lady was
seventeen days in her journeys upon the road, and lived ten days
after her arrival in London. She died on the Monday se'nnight in the
morning after she came to London. On the Thursday before her
death she called her son, Captain Cumming, to her bed-side, and
gave him her blessing in the terms of the prophet Isaiah, to which
she referred him, and gave him her own new Bible to read over on
the occasion, and to keep for her sake. But this Bible was lost, with
other baggage, taken by the French towards the end of the
campaign, 1709. Colonel Swinton, this lady's eldest brother, was
shot at the battle of Malplaquet, and died upon the field of battle."
The lady travelled attended by her daughter Helen Cumming, and her
servant Margaret Rae.
But I see we have been wrong in writing the name Cumming with two
m's. He writes it invariably Cuming. This would appear of little moment,
but the change a little diminishes the probability of the writer's favourite
notion, that the Hebrew word Cumi is in some way obumbrated in his
patronymic Cuming.
The passage of the prophet Isaiah which formed the substance of his
mother's last benediction is chap. xli. verses 8 and 9, and chap. xliii. verses
2 and 3: "Thou Israel art my servant, Jacob whom I have chosen, the seed
of Abraham, my friend," &c. He inclines to think that "the writer of the
book called Isaiah was a friend to the British nation, and that the islands of
Great Britain and Ireland are those addressed to, in order to renew their
strength."
It was on April 23, 1730, O.S., that "by the unanimous consent of the
people he was made law-giver, commander, leader, and chief of the
Cherokee nation, and witness of the power of God, at a general meeting at
Nequisee, in the Cherokee Mountains." He brought with him to England six
Cherokee chiefs, and on June 18, in that year, he was allowed to present
them to the King in the Royal Chapel at Windsor. This was at the time of
the installation of the Duke of Cumberland and the Earls of Chesterfield

and Burlington. On June 22nd was the ceremony of laying his crown at the
feet of the King, when the Indian chiefs laid also their four scalps and five
eagles' tails.
In a few years the scene was changed, and in 1737 we find him confined
within the limits of the Fleet Prison; but having a rule of court, on the 8th of
November he was at Knightsbridge, where about ten in the morning he
opened the Bible for an answer to his prayers, and chanced upon the fifty-
first and fifty-second chapters of Isaiah. He feels a call to a mission to the
Jews, and contemplates visiting Poland. With that disposition of a mind
disordered as his was, to turn everything towards a particular object, he
thinks there was some mysterious connexion between the fact that Queen
Caroline was seized with the illness which proved fatal, in her library, at ten
o'clock on the morning of the 9th of November, the day after his call.
In 1750 he was still in the Fleet Prison, from whence, on May 15, he
addressed a letter to Lord Halifax, asserting his right to the Cherokee
Mountains, and proposing a scheme for the discharge of eighty millions of
the National Debt; the scheme being, that 300,000 families of Jews should
be settled in that country for the improvement of the lands, as industrious
honest subjects. This letter notices also two facts in the Cuming history: 1.
That Sir Alexander's father had been the means of saving the life of King
George the Second; and 2. That he, Sir Alexander, had been taken into the
secret service of the crown, at Christmas, 1718, at a salary of 300l. a-year,
which was discontinued at Christmas, 1721.
J. H.
Torrington Square.

GENERAL WOLFE.
(Vols. iv. and v., passim.)
As everything connected with General Wolfe is entitled to notice, the
following names and public positions of his direct or collateral ancestors
may not be uninteresting to your readers. I lately furnished you, from
Ferrar's History of Limerick, a statement of the circumstances under which
his great-grandfather, Captain George Woulfe, sought refuge in Yorkshire (I
believe) from the proscription of Ireton, after the capitulation, in 1651, of

Limerick, when his brother Francis, the superior of the Franciscan friars,
not having been equally fortunate in escaping, was executed, with several
others, excepted from the general pardon.
The family, of English origin, like the Roches, the Arthurs, Stackpoles,
Sextons, Creaghes, Whites, &c., settled in Limerick between the thirteenth
and fifteenth centuries, and gradually obtained high civil positions, when
their successful commercial pursuits enabled them to acquire landed
property in the adjoining county of Clare, where nearly all the above-named
English families equally became extensive proprietors. In
1470. Garret Woulfe was one of the city bailiffs, as those
subsequently called sheriffs were then named.
1476. Thomas Woulfe filled the same office, as did in
1520. His son and namesake.
1562. Nicholas Woulfe was bailiff.
1567. John Woulfe ditto.
1578. The same became mayor.
1585. } Patrick Woulfe was bailiff these two years,
1587. } but not in the intervening 1586.
1590. Thomas Woulfe }
1591. Richard Woulfe } were successively bailiffs,
1592. David Woulfe } as in
1605. Was James Woulfe.
From this date till 1613 scarcely a year passed without the dismissal of
the chosen Catholic magistrates, and substitution by royal mandate of
Protestants. In 1613 George Woulfe, grandfather[7] of the proscribed Captain
of the same name as above, then sheriff (the title assumed since 1609), with
his colleagues, John Arthur, and the mayor, David Creagh, was deposed for
refusing the oaths of supremacy, &c.
[7]
So I was assured, many years ago, by the late Lord
Chief Baron Wolfe, from whom I also learned that

all these magistrates certainly sprung from the same
stem, though how they should be respectively placed
as to constitute a form of genealogy, I cannot now
exactly indicate.
In 1647 Patrick Woulfe was sheriff; but from 1654, when the city
surrendered to Ireton, until June 1656, Limerick was ruled by twelve
English aldermen. In 1656 Colonel Henry Ingolsby became mayor, and the
regular order of magistracy was subsequently pursued.
I cannot at present trace the genealogy in strict deduction, although I
believe it all might be collected from the subsisting papers of the family in
the county of Clare; at least from Garret, the first-named bailiff in the
preceding list. In my boyhood I saw some pedigree of it in the hands of an
antiquary named Stokes, but which it would now be difficult to discover. If
the present Sir Frederick A. G. Ouseley, Bart., son of my old schoolfellow,
the late Sir George, be in possession of the papers of his grandfather,
Captain Ralph Ouseley, I think it likely that some documents relating to
General Wolfe's family, in its ancient line, will be found, as I recollect
hearing Captain Ouseley, a resident of Limerick, speak of them.
J. R.
Cork.

Replies to Minor Queries.
Song of "Miss Bailey" (Vol. v., p. 248.).

—I think I am certain that when I first heard of the song of "Miss
Bailey," which was about 1805, it was as having been sung in the farce of
Love laughs at Locksmiths.
C. B.

Fern Storms (Vol. v., p. 242.).

—In Colonel Reid's Law of Storms, p. 483. et seq., 2nd edition, accounts
are given of the violent whirlwind produced by fires. It maybe supposed

that in former times they were on a larger scale than at present, and, from
the great force described, they might have affected the weather at least,
when on the turn already.
C. B.

The last of the Paleologi (Vol v., p. 173.).

—All that was known respecting the descendants J. L. C. will find in an
article relating to the family in the Transactions of the Society of
Antiquaries, Archæologia, vol. xviii. pp. 84-104.
G.

"Whipping Graves" (Vol v., p. 247.).

—Cyrus Redding will find that the "Ritus Absolvendi jam mortuum" in
the modern Rituale Romanum (Mechliniæ, 1848), is performed exactly
according to his description.
G. A. T.
Withyham.

Rev. John Paget (Vol. iv., p. 133.; Vol. v., p. 66.).

—Cranmore's inquiry has not been fully answered, nor am I able to point
out the precise degree of relationship between John Paget and the editor of
his works, Thomas Paget. The latter became incumbent of Blackley, near
Manchester, about the year 1605, having been placed in that chapelry
chiefly through the efforts of the Rev. William Bourne, B.D., a native of
Staffordshire, who had married a kinswoman of Lord Burleigh, and who
was for many years an influential Fellow of the Collegiate Church of
Manchester. (See Hollingworth's Mancuniensis, pp. 106, 107.) In 1617
Thomas Paget was cited before Morton, Bishop of Chester, for
nonconformity; and shortly afterwards he was convened before Bishop
Bridgeman on the same ground. He is styled at this time "the good old man"
(Brook's Lives, vol. ii. p. 293.), although he lived at least forty years
afterwards. In the delightful Autobiography of Henry Newcome, M.A., the
Presbyterian Minister of Manchester, edited for the Chetham Society by the

Rev. Canon Parkinson, D.D. (2 vols. 4to. 1852), are several interesting
notices of Mr. Thomas Paget. He is mentioned as "old Mr. Pagit, late of
Blakeley," in 1658, and seems to have had the rectory of Stockport in 1659,
although Richard Baxter spoke of him in 1656 as "old and sickly," and then
living at Shrewsbury. He was well known, says the amiable Newcome, "as a
man of much frowardness," and able to create "much unquietness;" but
Baxter hoped, "not altogether so morose as some report him."
F. R. R.

Old Scots March, &c. (Vol. v., p. 235.).

—I happen to have the score of one of the tunes inquired after by E. N.,
namely, Port Athol, as given by the late Edward Bunting, in his collection
of Irish airs, under the name of the "Hawk of Ballyshannon." It was
composed by a famous Irish harper named Rory Dal O'Cahan, the Rory Dal
of Sir Walter Scott's Legend of Montrose, who visited Scotland in the reign
of James VI., and ultimately died there. He was the author of the Ports or
tunes called Port Gordon, Port Lennox, M'Leods Supper, Port Athol, Give
me your hand, The Lame Beggar, &c. &c. It has often struck me that this
last tune is the origin from whence the air called Jock o' Hazledean was
drawn. It is almost the same.
Francis Crossley.

Sir R. Howard's "Conquest of China" (Vol. v., p. 225.).

—Dryden, in his letters to his sons, writes:
"After my return to town, I intend to alter a play of Sir Robert
Howard's, written long since, and lately put into my hands: 'tis
called The Conquest of China by the Tartars. It will cost me six
weeks' study, with the probable benefit of an hundred pounds."
The Biographia Dramatica states that this play was never acted or
printed.
C. I. R.

Mary Howe (Vol. v., p. 226.).

—Mary Howe was probably one of the three daughters of Scrope, first
Viscount Howe, by his second wife, Juliana, daughter of William Lord
Allington. She was, in 1720, appointed a maid of honour to Caroline,
Princess of Wales; and in 1725 married Thomas, eighth Earl of Pembroke,
whom she survived, as well as her second husband, John Mordaunt, a
brother of Charles, Earl of Peterborough. She died in 1749 s. p.
Braybrooke.

Dutch Chronicle of the World (Vol. v., p. 54.).

—"Historische Chronica. Mit Merianischen Kupfern. viii. Theile. Frankf.
1630. sqq. in 4. Hæc editio propter elegantiam figurarum rara est. Bibl.
Solger. ii. p. 298."—Bauer. Bibl. Libror. Rariorum.
"Historische Chronica, &c., folio. Francf. 1657.
"—— 3 vol. fol. Francf. 1743, 45 and 59."—Bibliothecæ Regiæ
Catalogus (in Mus. Brit.) s. v. Abelinus.
"Abelin John Philip, an historian, born at Strasburgh, died 1646; often
known by the name of John Louis Gottfried, or Gothofredus. Historical
Chronicle from the beginning of the World to the year 1619; being a number
of plates by Merian, with letter-press descriptive of them."—Watt's Bibl.
Brit.
The life of Merian is given by Sandrart, in his Academia Artis Pictoriæ.
Strutt, in his Dictionary of Engravers, neglects to mention that Matthæus
Merianus Basileensis was employed at Nancy, together with Brentel, A.D.
1608, in designing Pompæ (funebres) Caroli III. Lotharingiæ Ducis. They
are etched in a slight style, but with great spirit. The procession consists of a
great many plates: these, bound up together with the description, make a
large folio volume. I bought a copy six years ago. Can any of your readers
inform me whether there is another in England?
Bibliothecar. Chetham.

Thistle of Scotland (Vol. i., pp. 24. 90. 166.).

—I have just accidentally stumbled upon my promised note on this
subject; and as it appears to be entirely different from any yet offered to

you, I gladly send it for the information of your correspondents. I copied it
from an old scrap-book:
"The Scotch Thistle.—The origin of the national badge is thus
handed down by tradition:—When the Danes invaded Scotland it
was deemed unwarlike to attack an enemy in the darkness of night,
instead of a pitched battle by day: but, on one occasion the invaders
resolved to avail themselves of stratagem; and in order to prevent
their tramp from being heard, they marched barefooted. They had
thus neared the Scottish force unobserved, when a Dane unluckily
stepped with his foot upon a superbly prickled thistle, and uttered a
cry of pain, which discovered the assailants to the Scots, who ran to
their arms, and defeated the foe with great slaughter. The thistle was
immediately adopted as the insignia of Scotland."
R. H.

Bull the Barrel (Vol. v., p. 200.).

—The practice of "bulling the barrel" or "cask," as mentioned by C.
Forbes, is an every-day occurrence in the Navy. As soon as a rum cask is
emptied, a few gallons of water are put into the cask (and it is struck down
again into the spirit-room); this is done to keep the wood moist, and prevent
it from shrinking, so as to keep the cask water-tight: this is called "bulling
the cask;" and from the water receiving after some time a strong
impregnation, which makes it really strong grog, salt water is used, though
even the "salt-water bull," as it is called, when again poured out, has often
proved too attractive for seamen to resist. Again, it is common to talk in the
same way of "bulling a tea-pot," coffee-pot, &c.; that is, after the first
"brew" has been exhausted, by adding fresh water, and boiling over again,
to make a "second brew" from the old materials. This probably was derived
from "bulling the cask;" but whether the "bulling" originally applied to the
preserving the water-tight qualities of the cask, or to the making the "second
brew," I cannot pretend to say, though I should define the present
acceptation of the term "bulling" to be "the obtaining an impregnation from
that which had been already used."
G. M. T. R. N.

Bishop Kidder's Autobiography (Vol. v., p. 228.).

—Mr. Bowles, in the introduction to his Life of Bishop Ken, vol. i. p. xi.
(Lond. 1830), expresses his thanks to the late Bishop of Bath and Wells "for
the information contained in the MS. life of Ken's successor, Bishop
Kidder;" and adds:
"This work, never printed, is a very curious and valuable document,
preserved in the episcopal palace of Wells."
J. C. R.

Which are the Shadows? (Vol. v., p. 196.).

—The story is told as of Wilkie at the Escurial by Southey in The Doctor,
vol. iii. p. 235.; also, with a fine compliment to the "British Painter," by
Wordsworth, in one of the pieces published with Yarrow Revisited (1835,
pp. 305-6.). The coincidence with the note by Mr. Rogers—to whom, by the
way, Wordsworth's volume is dedicated—has long perplexed me. One is
unwilling to suppose that the touching words ascribed to the two monks
were a stock speech common to aged monks who have such pictures to
show; but what better explanation is there? I believe that the first edition of
Italy appeared, not in 1830, as your correspondent supposes, but in 1822. Is
the story to be found in that edition?
J. C. R.

Welsh Names "Blaen" (Vol. v., p. 128.).

—Although my acquaintance with the language of the Cymri is very
limited, I think that a knowledge of the cognate Erse or Gaelic enables me
to make a shrewd guess at the meaning of the word Blaen, prefixed to the
names of so many farms in Wales. The Gaelic word Baile, pronounced
Ballé, signifies a town—the Scotch toun—or farm, and, with the
preposition an or na—Anglicè of—is written Baile'n, pronounced Ballen:
this, I think, is probably the same word as Blaen, and means, being
interpreted, "the farm of." In the examples given by your correspondent α,
the words affixed to Blaen are descriptive; many of them scarcely differ in
sound from their Gaelic synonyms e.g. Blaen-awen is the Gaelic Baile'n

abhuinn, pronounced Ballen avine, Ang. "the farm on, or of the river;"
Blaen-argy—Gaelic, Baile'n airgiod, "the silver farm," or perhaps 'n arguin,
of strife; Blaen-angell—Gaelic, Baile'n aingeal, "angel farm"; Blaen-y-foss
—Gaelic, Baile-na-fois, pronounced f[=o]sh, and synonymous with the
Dutch lust, "leisure or pleasure farm;" and Blaen-nefern—Gaelic, Baile-na-
fearn, "alder farm." In England these farms or towns would have been
called respectively, Riverton, Silverton, Alderston, and so on. The same
word, generally spelt Bally, forms part of the name of a very large
proportion of the small towns and farms in Ireland.
W. A. C.
Ormsary.

The Verb "to commit" (Vol. v., p. 125.).

—The verb to commit, in the sense used by Junius, was employed by
Lord Chesterfield so far back as the year 1757. In a letter to his son (Nov.
26), his lordship, after instructing Mr. Stanhope what to say to one of the
foreign ministers, directs him to send to his own court an account of what
he had done:
"Tell them you thought the measure of such great importance that
you could not help taking this little step towards bringing it about,
but that you mentioned it only from yourself, and that you have not
committed them by it."
Lord Chesterfield's Letters to his Son were not published until 1774,
which will account for Walker ascribing to Junius the merit of introducing
into the English language the French signification of the verb to commit.
William Cramp.

Beócera-gent (Vol. v., p. 201.).

—As I asked a question relating to the Irish, perhaps I may be allowed
the so-called Irish mode of answering it myself.
Beócherie is evidently derived from Beóceraige, the islet of bee-hives, or
bee-keepers (who were regularly appointed officers in Saxon England); but

as I was utterly at a loss for the word gent, I requested the opinion of Dr.
Lèo, from whom I have received the following satisfactory reply:—
"The word gent seems to be the same word as our German gante,
and the Scottish gauntree; i.e. a tree which forms a stand for barrels,
hives, &c. In several parts of Germany, where the culture of bees
has, from distant periods, been carried on extensively, the hives are
transported from one place to another according to the seasons: now
in the forests, when the pine-trees are in flower; now in the fields,
when the rape blossoms; then again in the woods, when the heather
blossoms; and at last, when winter approaches, in the barn. A tree
forms the stand for the bee-hive, and thatch protects it from the rain.
Such a tree seems to be the beócera-gent.
"In an old Glossary, the old high-German word, gantmari, is
interpreted as tignarius (i.e. faber tignarius, a carpenter). This word
presupposes another word gant, a beam or a rafter, probably
equivalent to your Ang.-Sax. gent; and thus beócera-gent would be
a beam upon which to stand bee-hives."
The question still remains, Why was the islet in question called Parva
Hibernia?
B. Williams.
The Lodge, Hillingdon.

New Zealand Legend (Vol. v., p. 27.).

—This strange legend reminds me of the fine passage in Caractacus, of
which I know not whether it is an original conception, or taken from any
author:—
"Masters of wisdom! No: my soul confides
In that all-healing and all-forming Power,
Who, on the radiant day when Time was born,
Cast his broad eye upon the wild of ocean,
And calm'd it with a glance; then, plunging deep
His mighty arm, pluck'd from its dark domain
This throne of freedom, lifted it to light,

Girt it with silver cliffs, and call'd it Britain;
He did, and will preserve it."
C. B.

Twenty-seven Children (Vol. v., p. 126.).

—To E. D.'s Query, "whether there is any well-authenticated instance of
a woman having had more than twenty-five children?" something like a
reply will be found in the following paragraph, which formed one of a
series of "Curious Extracts," in the Edinburgh Antiquarian Magazine
(1848):—
"'Extraordinary Number of Children.—The following extraordinary,
yet well-attested fact, is copied from Brand's History of Newcastle,
lately published. The fact is mentioned and corroborated by a
quotation from an Harleian MS. No. 980-87. A weaver in Scotland
had, by one wife, a Scotch woman, sixty-two children, all living till
they were baptized; of whom four daughters only lived to be
women, but forty-six sons attained to man's estate. In 1630, Joseph
Delavel, Esq., of Northumberland, rode thirty miles beyond
Edinburgh, to be satisfied of the truth of this account, when he
found the man and woman both living; but at that time had no
children abiding with them. Sir John Bowes and three other
gentlemen having, at different periods, taken each ten in order to
bring them up; the rest also being disposed of. Three or four of them
were at that period (1630) at Newcastle.'—European Magazine,
Dec. 1786."
But, of course, the question still arises, can this wonderful instance be
recognised as "a well-attested fact?"
R. S. F.
Perth.

In Wanley's Wonders of the Little Moral World (London, 1806), vol. i. p.
76., will be found several instances of numerous families by one mother; in
one case (No. 27.) fifty-seven children; and in another (No. 6.), no less than
seventy-three! Your correspondent can refer to the authorities, which are
also given. The authenticity of one of the cases mentioned (No. 23.) will

probably be easily ascertained, as it is said to be the copy of an inscription
in the churchyard of Heydon in Yorkshire, to the following effect:—
"Here lieth the body of William Strutton of Padrington, buried the
18th of May, 1734, aged ninety-seven, who had by his first wife
twenty-eight children, and by a second wife seventeen; was father to
forty-five, grandfather to eighty-six, great-grandfather to ninety-
seven, and great-great-grandfather to twenty-three—in all 251."—
Gent. Mag. Aug. 1731.
There appears to be some mistake in the reference, and I may mention
that I have not been able to find the epitaph in Mr. Urban's pages with the
assistance of the general index.[8]
E. N.
[8]
[It occurs in the October number of 1734, p. 571.
—Ed.]

Reeve and Muggleton (Vol. v., pp. 80. 236.).

—One of the handsomest quartos of our day, both in typography and
engravings, is, Two Systems of Astronomy: first, the Newtonian System ...
second, the System in accordance with the Holy Scriptures ... by Isaac Frost,
London, 4to., 1846 (Simpkin and Marshall). This work is Muggletonian,
and contains some extracts from The Divine Looking-Glass of the Third
Testament of our Lord Jesus Christ, by Reeve and Muggleton. I request
your readers to draw no inference from the letter with which I sign my
communications.
M.

Black Book of Paisley (Vol. v., pp. 201.).

—In reply to Aberdoniensis, I beg to inform him that the "Maitland
Club" (Glasgow) circulated as the contribution of the Earl of Glasgow in
the year 1832 a very handsome volume, entitled Registrum Monasterii de
Passelet, M.C.LXIII-M.D.XXIX. to which there was prefixed an highly
interesting prefatory notice and illustrative notes, in which it is there stated
—

"That it may be proper to correct a popular mistake regarding
another record connected with the Monastery of Paisley. The Black
Book of Paisley, quoted by Buchanan and our earlier historians, and
which (having disappeared) was raised by later antiquaries into
undue importance as a distinct and original chronicle, was nothing
more than a copy of Fordun (Scotichronicon), with Bowers'
Continuation. It appears to have been acquired by Thomas Lord
Fairfax, but when Gale and Hearne wrote, had already been
deposited in the Royal Library, where it is still preserved. (13. E. X.)
Hearne particularly notices the inscription on this volume: 'Iste liber
est Sancti Jacobi et Sancti Mirini de Pasleto.'—Præfatio ad Fordun,
p. lxvi."
T. G. S.
Edinburgh.

Pasquinades (Vol. v., p. 200.).

—I have had these Italian lines in my MS. book for many years as an
"Epigram on Bonaparte's Legion of Honor." If of earlier date, and another
origin, they have been made good use of by the would-be wits of the day, as
a quiz upon Napoleon's honorary badge.
Hermes.

Elegy on Coleman (Vol. v., p. 137.).

—The Elegy on Coleman I have seen paraphrased or travestied, and thus
attributed to Dryden, who, not being able to pay his wine-merchant's bill,
was told, on dining with this creditor, in the exhilaration of his cups, that if
he (Dryden) would improvise four lines expressive of pleasure to God, to
the Devil, to the World, and to the Merchant, the debt would be forgiven.
Instantly, therefore, the poet extemporised the following verses, sufficiently
redolent of their inspiring source:
"God is pleased when we abstain from sin;
The devil is pleas'd when we remain therein;
The world is pleas'd with good wine,

And you're pleased when I pay for mine."
J. R.
Cork.

Liber Conformitatum, &c. (Vol. v., p. 202.).

—On the Liber Conformitatum, I confidently assert, from accurate
inquiry, that no edition preceded that of 1510, nor is there any authority for
the alleged one of Venice. A long account of this most disedifying volume
will be found in DeBure's Bibliographie Instructive, No. 4540. I am in
possession of the second edition in 1511, perfectly identical in the text. Its
absurdity is equal to its obvious, though not intended, blasphemy; for it is
written in genuine simplicity of design. I have likewise the Alcorand des
Cordeliers, with the second book by Conrad Badius, the son of Jodocus
Badius Ascencius, a native of Belgium, but one of the early Parisian
printers, and author himself of various works. The title of my edition of the
Alcoran, printed at Geneva, 1575, differs from that of 1586, but necessarily
of the same import, and quite as prolix.
J. R.
Cork.

Grimesdyke; Grimes Graves (Vol. v., p. 231.).

—As J. F. F. has repeated Blomefield's account of these curious pits
(commonly known as Grimes Graves, in Weeting parish, Norfolk), it is
right to add some more recent information respecting them. An
investigation was made there last month, by digging a trench through the
middle of a pit, and at the depth of about three feet an oval fire-place of
flints was discovered, containing numerous bones of oxen, &c. One of the
smaller pits was then similarly treated, and we found the same proofs of
habitation. No stone implements were discovered, but further researches
may bring some to light. Blomefield's statement that it is a Danish camp is
quite without foundation, and his "form of a quincunx," in which he
supposed the pits to be, could have existed only in his own imagination,
stimulated by the learned labours of Sir Thomas Browne. There can be no
doubt now that they were dwellings of the British, similar to the pits on the

coast at Weybourne. That Grime was a Danish leader, "Præpositus," &c., is
also open to doubt. When so many British earthworks are designated by this
name, what is more likely than that the Saxons, not knowing whose hands
had erected them, superstitiously ascribed them to the grim spirit, the
Devil?—whence Grimsdyke, the Devil's ditch, &c. Neither this opinion,
however, nor Mr. Guest's (a "boundary") seems applicable to a Hundred, as
Grimeshoo, unless as being so full of Grime's operations.
C. R. M.

Junius and the Quarterly Review again (Vol. v., p. 225.).

—I confess that I could draw quite a different conclusion from that of
Carolus Cursitor respecting Junius's single misspelt mention of Lord
Lyttleton's name. If, as the reviewer argues (supposing I remember the
article correctly), the Hon. Thomas Lyttleton only once mentioned his
father, in order to prevent public attention settling on himself as the author
of Junius's Letters, it seems to me to be in unison with such artifice, that he
should have purposely made a slight error in spelling the name. But is the
writer, and not the printer, responsible for this blunder?
Alfred Gatty.

Ink (Vol. v., p. 151.).

—A learned Cambridge professor, who has been a V.P.R.S., once related
to me the following anecdote, in reference to the celebrated and most
practical philosopher, the late Dr. Wollaston. In the rooms of the Royal
Society the Doctor chanced to mention that he could not, for the life of him,
discover the composition of the rich black pigment used by the ancient
Egyptians in their inscriptions on the mummy cases. He had analysed it
over and over again, and invariably found animal matter present. How was
this? "Why," observed a member, to the grievous annoyance of the
somewhat self-opinioned Doctor, "they used the ink of the (Sepia
officinalis) cuttle-fish." This most remarkable excretion is of the deepest
black hue; and that it retains its peculiar qualities unimpaired, even after
being buried beneath the chalk formation of this earth of our's for
unnumbered periods, is proved in the case of the well-known fossil ink of

Dean Buckland. I know not whether or no this will answer the Query of
MR. W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.
Cowgill.

Maps of Africa (Vol. v., p. 236.).

—Ajax is informed that the best map of Morocco that has probably
appeared is given in the volume of the Exploration Scientifique de l'Algérie,
entitled "L'Empire de Maroc par Berbrugger." An excellent map of Algeria
by R. H. Dufour, is published at a moderate price by Longuet, 8. Rue de la
Paix, Paris. The date on my copy is 1850; it forms one of a series of maps
issued by the same parties, and forming an Atlas of Algeria. I add from the
Leipzig Catalogue (1849, viertes Heft) the title of a work which may assist
Ajax in his labours. Though I have not examined the work myself, I know it
to be of some repute. The author now forms one of the mission for
exploring Central Africa:
"Barth Dr. Heinr. Wanderungen durch die Küstenländer d.
Mittelmeers, ausgeführt in den J. 1845, 1846 u. 1847. In 2 Bdn 1 Bd
A.u.d. T.: Wanderungen durch das Punische u. Kyrenäische
Küstenland od. Màg'reb, Afrik'ia u. Bark'a. Mit 1 (lith. u. illum.)
Karte (in Imp. fol.) gr. 8. Berlin, Hertz."
The travels of Dr. Barth had especial reference to the discovery and
identification of ancient localities.
Northman.

Learned Men of the Name of Bacon (Vol. iii., pp. 41. 151.; Vol. v., p.
181.).

—To this list may be added that of a learned lady, namely, of the Lady
Ann Bacon (Cooke), second wife of the Lord Keeper, and mother of the
Lord Chancellor. She translated, from the Italian of Bernardine Achine,
Twenty-five Sermons, published about 1550.
Sir Nathaniel Bacon, the painter, was the youngest son of Nicholas, the
eldest son of the Lord Keeper, and consequently the latter's grandson. This
Nicholas, of Redgrave, Suffolk, was High Sheriff of Norfolk, 1597, and

represented the same county in the parliament of 1603. He was the first
person created a baronet; and from him are descended the Bacons of
Redgrave, Suffolk, afterwards of Great Ryburgh, Garboldisham,
Gillingham, and now of Raveningham, Norfolk, premier baronets of
England.
There are engraved portraits of Lady Ann Bacon, and of Sir Nathaniel the
painter.
Cowgill.

Paring the Nails (Vol. iii., p. 462.; Vol. v., p 142.).

—In reference to the superstitious practices in question, the readers of the
Prose Edda, many of whose traditions still survive amongst us, will
remember what it is therein narrated concerning the ship Naglfar. Amongst
the terror-fraught prodigies preceding Ragnarök, or the Twilight of the
Gods, and the Conflagration of the Universe, we are informed that "on the
waters floats the ship Naglfar, which is constructed of the nails of dead
men. For which reason," it is said, "great care should be taken to die with
pared nails; for he who dies with his nails unpared, supplies materials for
the building of this vessel, which both gods and men wish may be finished
as late as possible." Of this ship, the more ancient and poetical Völn-spà
also speaks in something like the following terms:—
"A keel from distant East is nearing,
Pilotted by Loki's hand,
Muspellheimr's children bearing,—
Sea-borne comes that horrid band!
With the wolf to join, are speeding,
In a grim and gaunt array,
Monster-forms 'neath Loki's leading,—
Byleist's brother leads the way."
Cowgill.

Mottoes on Dials.

—I have not seen the following motto noticed either in your pages or
elsewhere. I quote it from memory, as I recollect reading it many years ago
on the sun-dial in front of the Hospice on the summit of the Mont Cenis:
"Tempore nimboso securi sistile gradum—
Ut mihi sic vobis hora quietis erit."
J. E. T.

Mispronounced Names of Places (Vol. v., p. 196.).

—Allow me to add to P. M. M.'s list:
Spelling. Pronunciation.
North-brook-end
(Cambridgeshire) Nobacken.
Mountnessing
(Essex) Moneyseen.
Brookhampton
(Glostershire) Brockington.
Barnstaple Barum.
Crediton Kirton.
Penrith Perith.
Brougham Broome.
Birmingham Brummagem.

It is hardly worth while to mention the larger tribe of contractions, such
as Alsford for Alresford, Wilsden for Willesden, Harfordwest for
Haverfordwest; nor the class of derivations from the Roman Castrum, as
Uxeter for Uttoxeter, Toster for Towcester, and the like.
The railroads are correcting these grosser errors wherever they fall in
with them. I remember a few years ago, being at Gloster, and intending to
take the train to Cisiter, as I had always called it. "Oh!" said the porter, with
quite the air of a Lingo, "you mean Ci-ren-cester." But I believe the good
folks of the neighbourhood still stick to Aberga'ny and Cisiter.
P. M. M.'s appeal to your Scotch and Irish correspondents will I think
produce little. In Scotland, names are generally pronounced as written, with
a few exceptions, such as Enbro' and Lithgow, and perhaps a few others: but
in Ireland I do not remember a single instance of the corruption of a name;
though certainly the Irish might be forgiven if they had contracted or

mollified such names as Drumcullagher, Ballaghaddireen,
Moatagreenoque, and Tamnaughtfinlaggan. The English are, I believe, the
only people who habitually clip proper names of persons or places, but I
think it is also the only language in which the spelling of words does not
afford a general guide for their pronunciation. No other language that I
know anything of can afford such anomalies as are to be found, for
instance, in rough, cough, lough, plough, dough, through, &c. &c.
C.

The following are such names of places as have come within my
observation:—
Spelling. Pronunciation.
Happisburgh Ha'sboro'.
Wormegay Rungay.
Sechehithe Setchey.
Wiggenhall
St. Mary
Magdalen[9] Maudlin.
Babingley Beverley.
Methwold Muell.
Northwold Nordell.
Hockwold
cum Wilton Hockold-Wilts.
[9]
By the last word this place is named to distinguish
it from others beginning with the word
"Wiggenhall."
J. N. C.

"There's ne'er a villain," &c. (Vol. v., p. 242.).

—In support of A. E. B., with whose view I entirely concur, it may be
added that villain and knave do not make the proposition such a truism as
Horatio (who is not intended for a conjuror, much less a verbal critic)
admits it to be. Alexander the Great has been called a villain and a robber,
but never a knave or a thief. By the Rule of Three, villain: robber:: knave:
thief. As a truism, intended by Hamlet before the first line was spoken, it is
not good enough for Hamlet's wit. But, supposing the second line invented,

pro re natâ, to cover the retreat of the disclosure which was advancing in
the first line, it is just what might have suggested itself—for Hamlet's uncle
was both villain and knave.
M.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Those who judge of a book's importance by its size will be most
egregiously taken in by Regal Rome: an Introduction to Roman History by
Francis W. Newman, Professor of Latin in University College, London. In
this small volume of less than two hundred pages the learned professor—
who holds that wisely to disbelieve is our first grand requisite in dealing
with materials of mixed worth—has followed, but not slavishly, the
direction which Niebuhr's erudition and untiring energy have so
appropriated, that by many it has been supposed to be exclusively Niebuhr's
own; and the result is, that he has reconstructed a picture of ancient Rome,
to which we refer our classical readers, in the full confidence that they will
thank us for doing so; and that, if they do not, on perusal, agree with all Mr.
Newman's views, they will at least concede to him the credit due to great
learning and perspicuity.
When we consider the great influence which the Crusades exercised on
the civilisation of Europe—how prominent is the position they occupy in
the social and political history of their era—and how fertile a source of
wealth they have proved to the poets and novelists of all succeeding ages,
and of all countries—it is certainly a matter of surprise that amid the rage
for translation which has of late years manifested itself among us, no one
should have undertaken to lay before the English reader a translation of
Michaud's able and interesting narrative of this great chapter in the history
of the Middle Ages. Michaud's work acquired for its author, and very
deservedly, an European reputation; and in issuing a well-executed version
of it at a moderate price, the publisher of Michaud's History of the
Crusades, Translated from the French by W. Robson, is rendering good
service, not only to those who cannot peruse the work in the original, but to

all classes of historical readers. This (the first volume) has prefixed to it a
very interesting memoir of Michaud.
Books Received.—Mr. Bohn's contributions to the cheap publications of
the month are—in his Scientific Library, the fourth volume of Humboldt's
Cosmos, translated by Otté and Paul; in his Standard Library, The Principal
Works and Remains of the Rev. Andrew Fuller, with a new Memoir of his
Life, by his Son the Rev. A. G. Fuller, which contains his Gospel its own
Witness, or the Holy Nature and Divine Harmony of the Christian Religion
contrasted with the Immorality and Absurdity of Deism; and his Calvinistic
and Socinian Systems examined and compared as to their moral tendency—
two works by which this excellent Nonconformist divine did much to stem
the torrent of immorality and infidelity which the deistical and democratical
writers of his time were infusing into the minds of the people. Cicero's
Orations, Vol. ii., literally translated by C. D. Yonge, is the new volume of
the Classical Library; that of the Illustrated Library being the second and
concluding volume of Allan's Battles of the British Navy, illustrated with
eighteen portraits of our most eminent naval worthies. The proprietors of
the National Illustrated Library have completed their edition of Huc's most
interesting Travels in Tartary by the publication of the second volume, and
have issued a new edition in two volumes of Dr. Mackay's Memoirs of
Extraordinary Popular Delusions. The favour with which the original
edition of this work, written in a pleasant gossiping style, was so generally
received, will probably be increased towards the present one, as it has the
advantage of numerous woodcut illustrations, many of them highly
interesting, and all adding to the amusing character of the book.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
Notes and Queries. No. 19.
Edwin and Emma. Tayler, 1776.
Gemmæ et Sculpturæ Antiquæ Depictæ in Latinum Versæ, per Jac.
Gronovium. Amstelodami, 1685.

Massarii Annotationes in Nonum Plinii Historiæ Naturalis Librum.
Basileæ, 1537.
Swalbaci Dissertatio de Ciconiis, &c. Spiræ, 1630.
Syntagma Herbarum Encomiasticum, Abr. Ortelio Inscriptum. Ex officina
Plantin. 1614.
Tyrwhitt, Tho. Conjecturæ in Strabonem. London, 1783.
Crakanthorp's Defence of Justinian the Emperor Against Cardinal
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Pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-V

Notes and Queries Vol. I.
Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. I No. 1 November 3, 1849. Pages 1 - 17 PG # 8603
Vol. I No. 2 November 10, 1849. Pages 18 - 32 PG # 11265
Vol. I No. 3 November 17, 1849. Pages 33 - 46 PG # 11577
Vol. I No. 4 November 24, 1849. Pages 49 - 63 PG # 13513

Vol. I No. 5 December 1, 1849. Pages 65 - 80 PG # 11636
Vol. I No. 6 December 8, 1849. Pages 81 - 95 PG # 13550
Vol. I No. 7 December 15, 1849. Pages 97 - 112 PG # 11651
Vol. I No. 8 December 22, 1849. Pages 113 - 128 PG # 11652
Vol. I No. 9 December 29, 1849. Pages 130 - 144 PG # 13521

Vol. I No. 10 January 5, 1850. Pages 145 - 160 PG #
Vol. I No. 11 January 12, 1850. Pages 161 - 176 PG # 11653
Vol. I No. 12 January 19, 1850. Pages 177 - 192 PG # 11575
Vol. I No. 13 January 26, 1850. Pages 193 - 208 PG # 11707

Vol. I No. 14 February 2, 1850. Pages 209 - 224 PG # 13558
Vol. I No. 15 February 9, 1850. Pages 225 - 238 PG # 11929
Vol. I No. 16 February 16, 1850. Pages 241 - 256 PG # 16193
Vol. I No. 17 February 23, 1850. Pages 257 - 271 PG # 12018

Vol. I No. 18 March 2, 1850. Pages 273 - 288 PG # 13544
Vol. I No. 19 March 9, 1850. Pages 289 - 309 PG # 13638
Vol. I No. 20 March 16, 1850. Pages 313 - 328 PG # 16409
Vol. I No. 21 March 23, 1850. Pages 329 - 343 PG # 11958
Vol. I No. 22 March 30, 1850. Pages 345 - 359 PG # 12198

Vol. I No. 23 April 6, 1850. Pages 361 - 376 PG # 12505
Vol. I No. 24 April 13, 1850. Pages 377 - 392 PG # 13925
Vol. I No. 25 April 20, 1850. Pages 393 - 408 PG # 13747
Vol. I No. 26 April 27, 1850. Pages 409 - 423 PG # 13822

Vol. I No. 27 May 4, 1850. Pages 425 - 447 PG # 13712
Vol. I No. 28 May 11, 1850. Pages 449 - 463 PG # 13684
Vol. I No. 29 May 18, 1850. Pages 465 - 479 PG # 15197
Vol. I No. 30 May 25, 1850. Pages 481 - 495 PG # 13713

Notes and Queries Vol. II.
Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. II No. 31 June 1, 1850. Pages 1- 15 PG # 12589
Vol. II No. 32 June 8, 1850. Pages 17- 32 PG # 15996
Vol. II No. 33 June 15, 1850. Pages 33- 48 PG # 26121
Vol. II No. 34 June 22, 1850. Pages 49- 64 PG # 22127
Vol. II No. 35 June 29, 1850. Pages 65- 79 PG # 22126

Vol. II No. 36 July 6, 1850. Pages 81- 96 PG # 13361
Vol. II No. 37 July 13, 1850. Pages 97-112 PG # 13729
Vol. II No. 38 July 20, 1850. Pages 113-128 PG # 13362
Vol. II No. 39 July 27, 1850. Pages 129-143 PG # 13736

Vol. II No. 40 August 3, 1850. Pages 145-159 PG # 13389
Vol. II No. 41 August 10, 1850. Pages 161-176 PG # 13393
Vol. II No. 42 August 17, 1850. Pages 177-191 PG # 13411
Vol. II No. 43 August 24, 1850. Pages 193-207 PG # 13406
Vol. II No. 44 August 31, 1850. Pages 209-223 PG # 13426

Vol. II No. 45 September 7, 1850. Pages 225-240 PG # 13427
Vol. II No. 46 September 14, 1850. Pages 241-256 PG # 13462
Vol. II No. 47 September 21, 1850. Pages 257-272 PG # 13936
Vol. II No. 48 September 28, 1850. Pages 273-288 PG # 13463

Vol. II No. 49 October 5, 1850. Pages 289-304 PG # 13480
Vol. II No. 50 October 12, 1850. Pages 305-320 PG # 13551
Vol. II No. 51 October 19, 1850. Pages 321-351 PG # 15232
Vol. II No. 52 October 26, 1850. Pages 353-367 PG # 22624

Vol. II No. 53 November 2, 1850. Pages 369-383 PG # 13540
Vol. II No. 54 November 9, 1850. Pages 385-399 PG # 22138

Vol. II No. 55 November 16, 1850. Pages 401-415 PG # 15216
Vol. II No. 56 November 23, 1850. Pages 417-431 PG # 15354
Vol. II No. 57 November 30, 1850. Pages 433-454 PG # 15405

Vol. II No. 58 December 7, 1850. Pages 457-470 PG # 21503
Vol. II No. 59 December 14, 1850. Pages 473-486 PG # 15427
Vol. II No. 60 December 21, 1850. Pages 489-502 PG # 24803
Vol. II No. 61 December 28, 1850. Pages 505-524 PG # 16404

Notes and Queries Vol. III.
Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. III No. 62 January 4, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 15638
Vol. III No. 63 January 11, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 15639
Vol. III No. 64 January 18, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 15640
Vol. III No. 65 January 25, 1851. Pages 49- 78 PG # 15641

Vol. III No. 66 February 1, 1851. Pages 81- 95 PG # 22339
Vol. III No. 67 February 8, 1851. Pages 97-111 PG # 22625
Vol. III No. 68 February 15, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 22639
Vol. III No. 69 February 22, 1851. Pages 129-159 PG # 23027

Vol. III No. 70 March 1, 1851. Pages 161-174 PG # 23204
Vol. III No. 71 March 8, 1851. Pages 177-200 PG # 23205
Vol. III No. 72 March 15, 1851. Pages 201-215 PG # 23212
Vol. III No. 73 March 22, 1851. Pages 217-231 PG # 23225
Vol. III No. 74 March 29, 1851. Pages 233-255 PG # 23282

Vol. III No. 75 April 5, 1851. Pages 257-271 PG # 23402
Vol. III No. 76 April 12, 1851. Pages 273-294 PG # 26896
Vol. III No. 77 April 19, 1851. Pages 297-311 PG # 26897
Vol. III No. 78 April 26, 1851. Pages 313-342 PG # 26898

Vol. III No. 79 May 3, 1851. Pages 345-359 PG # 26899
Vol. III No. 80 May 10, 1851. Pages 361-382 PG # 32495
Vol. III No. 81 May 17, 1851. Pages 385-399 PG # 29318
Vol. III No. 82 May 24, 1851. Pages 401-415 PG # 28311
Vol. III No. 83 May 31, 1851. Pages 417-440 PG # 36835

Vol. III No. 84 June 7, 1851. Pages 441-472 PG # 37379
Vol. III No. 85 June 14, 1851. Pages 473-488 PG # 37403
Vol. III No. 86 June 21, 1851. Pages 489-511 PG # 37496
Vol. III No. 87 June 28, 1851. Pages 513-528 PG # 37516

Notes and Queries Vol. IV.
Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. IV No. 88 July 5, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 37548
Vol. IV No. 89 July 12, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 37568
Vol. IV No. 90 July 19, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 37593
Vol. IV No. 91 July 26, 1851. Pages 49- 79 PG # 37778

Vol. IV No. 92 August 2, 1851. Pages 81- 94 PG # 38324
Vol. IV No. 93 August 9, 1851. Pages 97-112 PG # 38337
Vol. IV No. 94 August 16, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 38350
Vol. IV No. 95 August 23, 1851. Pages 129-144 PG # 38386
Vol. IV No. 96 August 30, 1851. Pages 145-167 PG # 38405

Vol. IV No. 97 September 6, 1851. Pages 169-183 PG # 38433
Vol. IV No. 98 September 13, 1851. Pages 185-200 PG # 38491
Vol. IV No. 99 September 20, 1851. Pages 201-216 PG # 38574
Vol. IV No. 100 September 27, 1851. Pages 217-246 PG # 38656

Vol. IV No. 101 October 4, 1851. Pages 249-264 PG # 38701
Vol. IV No. 102 October 11, 1851. Pages 265-287 PG # 38773

Vol. IV No. 103 October 18, 1851. Pages 289-303 PG # 38864
Vol. IV No. 104 October 25, 1851. Pages 305-333 PG # 38926

Vol. IV No. 105 November 1, 1851. Pages 337-359 PG # 39076
Vol. IV No. 106 November 8, 1851. Pages 361-374 PG # 39091
Vol. IV No. 107 November 15, 1851. Pages 377-396 PG # 39135
Vol. IV No. 108 November 22, 1851. Pages 401-414 PG # 39197
Vol. IV No. 109 November 29, 1851. Pages 417-430 PG # 39233

Vol. IV No. 110 December 6, 1851. Pages 433-460 PG # 39338
Vol. IV No. 111 December 13, 1851. Pages 465-478 PG # 39393
Vol. IV No. 112 December 20, 1851. Pages 481-494 PG # 39438
Vol. IV No. 113 December 27, 1851. Pages 497-510 PG # 39503

Notes and Queries Vol. V.
Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG #

Vol. V No. 114 January 3, 1852. Pages 1-19 PG # 40171
Vol. V No. 115 January 10, 1852. Pages 25-45 PG # 40582
Vol. V No. 116 January 17, 1852. Pages 49-70 PG # 40642
Vol. V No. 117 January 24, 1852. Pages 73-95 PG # 40678
Vol. V No. 118 January 31, 1852. Pages 97-118 PG # 40716

Vol. V No. 119 February 7, 1852. Pages 121-143 PG # 40742
Vol. V No. 120 February 14, 1852. Pages 145-167 PG # 40743
Vol. V No. 121 February 21, 1852. Pages 169-191 PG # 40773
Vol. V No. 122 February 28, 1852. Pages 193-215 PG # 40779

Vol. V No. 123 March 6, 1852. Pages 217-239 PG # 40804
Vol. V No. 124 March 13, 1852. Pages 241-263 PG # 40843

Index
Vol., Dates, Year, PG #

Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] PG # 13536
INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 PG #
13571
INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 PG #
26770
INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851 PG #
40166

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND
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