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Title: China and Pottery Marks

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHINA AND
POTTERY MARKS ***

CHINA
AND
POTTERY
MARKS

15 EAST 56th STREET
NEW YORK

Traditions and Old China
Copyright, 1920, Gilman Collamore & Company, Inc.

Traditions and Old China

F ROM early days when the ancients showed their appreciation of fine
pottery and old glassware by burying “these most esteemed
possessions” with the dead, fine china has been synonymous with culture
and breeding. With our ancestors for generations we share the tradition that,
just as first editions give prestige to one’s book shelves, old china or the
finest work of the modern kilns express readily that good taste and
discrimination that is characteristic of our old families.
A wealth of association and historic data is to be acquired from the study of
the “fabrique marks” and periods of the master craftsmen. If in America
there was a general tendency toward acquiring, even a smattering, of this
knowledge, there would be less of these drawing-room atrocities which
Arthur Hayden in his “Chats on English Earthenware” points out, “To have
a modern set of vases adorning a Georgian cabinet is like putting new wine
in old bottles.”
For the convenience of the seasoned collector, as well as the beginner, in
this book is a representative list of better known marks by which china can
be identified. While it is not possible to include a complete list, particularly
those of extremely rare specimens, those compiled have particular reference
to the marks of English china which is greatly in demand by collectors.
These will suffice to enable the reader to identify pieces whenever
encountered.
The signatures or mark which the master craftsmen in earth or clay signed
their products, just as a painter signs his work, were often specially
designed devices of various kinds, often a combination of initials and dates.

Each “fabrique mark” stands for a certain potter’s art just as the modern
trade-mark.
Beginning more than a half century ago in the old La Farge House in lower
Broadway (where John La Farge was born) the house of Gilman Collamore
and Company has done much to develop an appreciation of fine china in
America. It was one of the first houses to bring over from England and
France china, both modern and old, for its American clients. At this time
many fine specimens of old china are on view as well as complete stocks
from the modern English and Continental manufacture.
GILMAN COLLAMORE & COMPANY, Inc.
15 East 56th Street
New York

Germany and Austria

DRESDEN

MEISSEN. Established in
1709. Mark used to 1712,
in blue. Hard paste.

DRESDEN

Mark used from 1712 to
1720, in blue. Hard paste.

DRESDEN

About 1720, mark in blue.
Hard paste.

DRESDEN

1730, mark in blue. Hard
paste.

DRESDEN
1796. MARCOLINI
(Director) PERIOD. Mark
in blue. Hard paste.

DRESDEN
Royal pieces only. Mark in
blue. Hard paste.

DRESDEN

Present mark. This mark
with two scratches across it
shows imperfect pieces
which may or may not
have been decorated in the
factory. Hard paste.

VIENNA

Established in 1718. This
mark first used in 1744.
Hard paste.

Royal factory discontinued
in 1864.
BERLIN

Established in 1751.
Wegeleys’ mark. Hard
paste.
BERLIN

In 1763 became a royal
establishment. Mark in
blue. Sometimes an eagle
added.

BERLIN
Different kind of sceptre.
In blue. Hard paste.

BERLIN

An extra mark used in
1830 with the sceptre,
which is the present mark.
This mark complete is
never used except with
perfect pieces decorated in
the factory. Decorated
pieces bearing the blue
sceptre mark only are
decorated outside of the
factory.

HOCHST, near MAYENCE
Founded in 1720. This
mark, used about 1740, in
gold, red, or blue. Hard
paste.

HOCHST, near MAYENCE

Hard paste.

FRANKENTHAL

1755 to 1761. First period.
Hard paste.

FRANKENTHAL

1799, second period. Carl
Theodore. Hard paste.

FRANKENTHAL

Phillipp Hanong
(Director). Hard paste.

FRANKENTHAL
Joseph Adam Hanong
(Director). Hard paste.

FRANKENTHAL
John Hanong (Director).
Hard paste.
FRANKENTHAL

1800. Franz Bartolo
(Director). Hard paste.
NYMPHENBURG

Established in 1747. Hard
paste.

NYMPHENBURG

Hard paste.

NYMPHENBURG
An early mark in blue.
Hard paste.

FURSTENBURG
Established in 1750. Hard
paste.

FURSTENBURG

1758. Hard paste.

LUDWIGSBURG or
KRONENBURG
Established in 1758 to
1806. Hard paste.

LUDWIGSBURG

First period. Hard paste.

LUDWIGSBURG

Second period. Hard paste.

LUDWIGSBURG

Hard paste. Mark in blue.

FULDA

Established in 1763 to
1780. Hard paste.
FULDA

Hard paste. The arms of
Fulda.
RUDOLSTADT

Established in 1758. Mark
in blue. Hard paste.

RAUENSTEIN

Established in 1760. Hard
paste.
LIMBACH
Established about 1761.
Hard paste.
LIMBACH
Another mark. Hard paste.

LIMBACH
Another mark. Hard paste.

GROSBREITENBACH
Established about 1770.
Hard paste.

GROSBREITENBACH

Hard paste.

VOLKSTEDT

Established 1762. C. V.
sometimes added with the
arms. Hard paste.
VOLKSTEDT

Another mark. Hard paste.

VOLKSTEDT

Another mark. Hard paste.

ANSPACH

Established about 1718.
Hard paste.
ANSPACH

Generally accompanied by
letter A. Hard paste.

ANSPACH

Hard paste.

ANSPACH

Hard paste.

GOTHA

Founded in 1780. Hard
paste. Various marks.

GERA
Established about 1780.
Marks in blue. Hard paste.

ALT HALDENSTEBEN
The factory of M.
Nathusins. Hard paste.
CHARLOTTENBURG

Established in 1790. Hard
paste.
BADEN-BADEN

Established in 1753 to
1788. The edge of the ax in
gold. Hard paste.

COLOGNE

Factory of M. L. Cremer.
Enameled Fayence.

POPPLESDORF, near BONN

Fayence and porcelain.

STRASBOURG
Established about 1752.
Hard paste.

NIDERVILLER
Established in 1768. Hard
paste.

ELBOGEN in BOHEMIA

Established in 1815. Hard
paste.

SCHLAKENWALD
Established about 1800.
Hard paste.

LEHAMMER or
PIRKENHAMMER, near
CARLSBAD
Founded in 1802. Hard
paste.

HEREND

Established 1839.

HEREND

Another mark.

Russia and Poland

KORZEC
Established about 1803.
Hard paste.

Moscow
Established in 1787. Hard
paste.

ST. PETERSBURG

Mark in blue. Hard paste.

ST. PETERSBURG
Mark of Empress
Catherine II. 1762 to 1796.
Mark in blue. Hard paste.

ST. PETERSBURG

Monogram of Nicholas I.
1825 to 1855.

ST. PETERSBURG
Established 1744. Mark in
blue.

Denmark

COPENHAGEN

Established in 1772. Mark in
blue. Hard paste.

Holland and Belgium

AMSTERDAM

Established in 1782. Mark
in blue. Hard paste.
AMSTERDAM
Mark in blue. Hard paste.

AMSTERDAM

Mark in blue. Hard paste.

TOURNEY
Mark in gold represents a
potter’s kiln. Established in
1750. Soft paste.
TOURNEY
Mark in gold used after
1755. Soft paste.

TOURNEY
Used about 1755. Soft
paste.
HAGUE
Factory established about
1775; ceased in 1785.
Mark in gray. Hard paste.

DELFT

Joost Thooft and
Labouchere. Present mark
Fayence.

Switzerland

NYON
Established in 1790. Hard paste.
ZURICH
Established about 1759. Mark in
blue. Hard paste.

Italy and Spain

NOVE
1752. Mark in blue or red.
Soft paste.

VENICE

Mark in red. Majolica.

VENICE
Soft paste.

VENICE
1720 to 1740. Soft paste.
Mark in red.

VENICE

Soft paste. Mark in red.

TURIN
Vineuf. Established about
1770. Dr. Gioanetti
(Director). Soft paste.
TURIN
Vineuf. Another mark. Soft
paste.

DOCCIA
Founded in 1735. Hard and
soft paste.
DOCCIA
Hard and soft paste.
Another mark.

DOCCIA
GINORI. Hard and soft paste.
Another mark.
CAPO DI MONTE
Founded in 1736. This
mark used from 1759.
Factory abandoned in
1821. Soft paste.

CAPO DI MONTE
Mark used from 1759. Soft
paste.

CAPO DI MONTE

Soft paste. Other marks.

MILAN
Mark in blue. Fayence.

MADRID
BUEN RETIRO.
Monogram of Charles III.
Established in 1759 to
1812. Soft paste.

MADRID

Soft paste. Another mark.

MADRID

Mark in blue. First quality.
Soft paste.

MADRID

Mark in blue. Soft paste.

MADRID
Mark in blue. Mark under
crown is another form of
the monogram of Charles
III., the founder.

OPORTO
Established about 1790.
Hard paste. Mark in gold
or colors.

England

STAFFORDSHIRE
Established in
WEDGWOOD. 1769. This mark
both stamped and
printed.
STAFFORDSHIRE
WEDGWOOD,
present mark on
decorated china.
STAFFORDSHIRE
TURNER. Established about
1756.
STAFFORDSHIRE
W. ADAMS. Established about
1780.
STAFFORDSHIRE
ROGERS. Imitations of
WEDGWOOD.

STAFFORDSHIRE
WOOD and
Established in
CALDWELL. 1730.

STAFFORDSHIRE

Established 1790.

STAFFORDSHIRE

LONGPORT. Established in
1793 by Mr. John
Davenport.

STAFFORDSHIRE

STAFFORDSHIRE

STAFFORDSHIRE

STAFFORDSHIRE
Established about
1770, by Josiah
Spode.

STAFFORDSHIRE
Copeland
successor of
Spode in 1833.

LIVERPOOL
Established in
1750.
LIVERPOOL
SADLER
Established in
1756. 1756.

LIVERPOOL

Established in
1790.

LIVERPOOL
HERCULANEUM This mark was
POTTERY. used from 1822 to
1833.

PLYMOUTH
Established 1760.
William
Cookworthy.
YARMOUTH
Absolon, only a
decorator.

SWANSEA
Established 1790.
This mark used
about 1815.

SWANSEA

Mark in red.

WALES

NANTGARW. Established about
1813. Mark in
red.

LEEDS
Hartley Greens &
Co. Established
about 1770.

BRISTOL

Established about
1770, by Richard
Champion.

BRISTOL

BRISTOL

Ceased in 1777.

BOW

Established about
1730. Ceased in
1775.

BOW

BOW

CHELSEA

The oldest mark.
About 1747.

CHELSEA
Mark in red.

CHELSEA

First quality mark
in gold.

DERBY
Established 1751.
This mark used
before 1769.

DERBY-CHELSEA

This mark in gold
1773.

CROWN DERBY

Mark in blue used
about 1780.

DERBY
Mark used in
1830. Bloor
(Director).

DERBY

Mark used in
1830. Bloor
(Director).

DERBY
Mark used in
1860.

ROYAL CROWN
DERBY

Present mark.

WORCESTER

Established 1751.
Oldest mark.

WORCESTER
Mark imitation of
Dresden.
WORCESTER

Generally on
Chinese patterns.
WORCESTER

About 1751.
WORCESTER

Used 1783 to
1788.

WORCESTER
Used 1807 to
1813.

WORCESTER
Used 1857 to
1862.

WORCESTER

Present mark.

CAUGHLEY.
SHROPSHIRE
Established about
1751.

CAUGHLEY.
SHROPSHIRE

An early mark in
blue.

COALPORT
Established
between 1780 and
1790.

COALPORT

COALPORT

Present mark.

STAFFORDSHIRE
Established in
1791 by Mr.
Thomas Minton.

STAFFORDSHIRE

Present mark.

LAMBETH and
BURSLEM

Doulton & Co.

STAFFORDSHIRE
Brown-Westhead,
Moore & Co.

France

ST. CLOUD

Established about 1695.
Factory destroyed by fire
in 1773; not rebuilt. Soft
paste.

ST. CLOUD
This mark used from 1730
to 1762. Either in blue or
graved in ware. The letter
T stands for Tron, the
name of the director. Soft
paste.

CHANTILLY
Established in 1735. Mark
in blue or red. Soft paste.
ARRAS

Established in 1782. Mark
in blue. Factory ceased in
1786. Soft paste.

MENECY
Established in 1735. This
mark is usually impressed;
sometimes traced in blue.
Soft paste.

ETIOLLES, near CORBEIL
Established in 1768.
Monnier, manufacturer.
Soft paste.

BOURG LA REINE
Established in 1773.
Jacques & Jullien. Soft
paste.

SCEAUX-PENTHIEVRE,
near PARIS
Established in 1750 by
Jacques Capelle. These
letters are engraved on the
soft clay.
SCEAUX-PENTHIEVRE,
near PARIS
The latter mark in blue.
This mark occurs more
frequently on Fayence.

CLINGNANCOURT

Established in 1775 by
Pierre Deruelle. Mark in
blue. Soft and hard paste.
CLINGNANCOURT

Used on pieces of Chinese
style. Mark in red. Hard
paste.

CLINGNANCOURT

Mark of Monsieur Comte
de Provence.

ORLEANS
Established in 1753 by M.
Gerré. Hard and soft paste.

ORLEANS
This mark used from 1808
to 1871, in blue or gold.

SARREGUEMINES

Soft paste.

SARREGUEMINES

Soft paste and Fayence.

VINCENNES

Soft paste. Established in
1786.

VINCENNES

Soft paste. Another mark.

PARIS. RUE FONTAINE AU
ROY

Established in 1773 by
Jean Baptiste Locré. Mark
in blue. Hard paste.
PARIS. FAUBOURG ST.
LAZARE

Founded in 1773. Hard
paste.

PARIS. FAUBOURG ST.
ANTOINE

Established in 1773.
Morelle, manufacturer.
Hard paste.
PARIS. RUE DE LA
ROQUETTE

Established in 1773.
Souroux, manufacturer.
Hard paste.
PARIS. GROS CAILLON

Established in 1773 by
Advenir Lamarre. Hard
paste.

PARIS. RUE DE CLICHY

Mark in blue. Hard paste.

FRANCE

A mark found on biscuit
groups. Factory unknown.

PARIS. RUE THIROUX

Established in 1778. André
Marie Lebeuf,
manufacturer. Under the
protection of Marie
Antoinette. Mark in red.
Hard paste.

PARIS. RUE DE BONDY

Established in 1780. Dihl
and Guerhard,
manufacturers. Under the
patronage of Duc
d’Angoulême. Hard paste.

PARIS. RUE DE BONDY

Another mark. Hard paste.

PARIS. RUE DU
FAUBOURG ST. DENIS
Established in 1769. Under
the protection of Charles
Philippe Comte d’Artois,
afterward Charles X.
Factory discontinued in
1810.

BELLEVILLE
Established in 1790 by
Jacob Petit. Mark in blue.
Hard paste.

PARIS. RUE DE BONDY

Hard paste. Mark in blue.

ROUEN

Under the reign of Louis
XV. Fayence.

LILLE

Established in 1784 by
Leperre Durot. Mark in
red. Hard paste.
PARIS

M. Nast, manufacturer.
Mark in red. Hard paste.
PARIS

Halley, manufacturer. First
Empire mark in gold. Hard
paste.
NANCY

Emile Gallé, manufacturer.
Fayence and glass.

Sevres
Established at Vincennes in 1740.
Removed from there to Sevres in 1756.
King Louis XV. became sole proprietor in 1760.
Soft paste was made until 1805. Since then only hard paste.

The Sevres Marks
FIRST ROYAL EPOCH
1745 to 1792

Vincennes.
The letter A denotes the year 1753,
continued to 1777. (Louis XV.)

Sevres.
Ornamented LL’s. Date 1764.

Sevres. Date 1778. (Louis XVI).
Double letters continued to 1793.

FIRST REPUBLICAN EPOCH
1792 to 1804

1792 to 1799.

1801 to 1804.

FIRST IMPERIAL EPOCH.
1804 to 1814.

Napoleon. 1804 to 1809.

Napoleon. 1809 to 1814.

SECOND ROYAL EPOCH.
1814 to 1848.

Louis XVIII 1814 to 1823.

Charles X. 1824 to 1829.

Charles X. 1829 and 1830.

Charles X. 1830.

Louis Philippe. 1831 to 1834.

Louis Philippe. 1834-1835.

On services for the Palaces.

Louis Philippe. 1845-1848.

After 1848, this mark in green was
used for white porcelain.

SECOND REPUBLICAN EPOCH
1848 to 1851.

The S stands for Sèvres,
and 51 for 1851.

SECOND IMPERIAL EPOCH.
1852 to 1872.

Napoleon III. From 1852.

This mark used for white pieces; when
scratched it denotes issue undecorated.

The marks used at
the present time.

Unknown Marks

Chronological Table
Used in the Manufactory of Sevres
A (Vincennes) 1753
B (ditto) 1754
C (ditto) 1755

D 1756
E 1757
F 1758
G 1759
H 1760
I 1761
J 1762
K 1763
L 1764
M 1765
N 1766
O 1767
P 1768
Q [1]1769

R 1770
S 1771
T 1772
U 1773
V 1774
X 1775
Y 1776
Z 1777
AA 1778
BB 1779
CC 1780
DD 1781
EE 1782
FF 1783

GG 1784
HH 1785
II 1786
JJ 1787
KK 1788
LL 1789
MM 1790
NN 1791
OO 1792
PP 1793
QQ 1794
RR 1795

Year IX 1801 T9
" X 1802 X
" XI 1803 11
" XII 1804
" XIII 1805
" XIV 1806

1807 7
1808 8
1809 9
1810 10
1811 (onze) o.z.
1812 (douze) d.z.

1813 (treize) t.z.
1814 (quatorze) q.z.
1815 (quinze) q.n.
1816 (seize) s.z.
1817 (dix sept) d.s.

From this date the year is expressed by the
last two figures only.—thus, 18 for 1818,
etc.,—up to the present time.

Footnote:
[1] This comet was sometimes substituted for the ordinary mark of the letter
Q.

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHINA AND
POTTERY MARKS ***

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