Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Epic of Gilgamish
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will
have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
using this eBook.
Title: The Epic of Gilgamish
Author: Stephen Langdon
Release date: July 23, 2006 [eBook #18897]
Language: English
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18897
Credits: Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE EPIC OF
GILGAMISH ***
The Epic of Gilgamish
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will
have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
using this eBook.
Title: The Epic of Gilgamish
Author: Stephen Langdon
Release date: July 23, 2006 [eBook #18897]
Language: English
Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18897
Credits: Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE EPIC OF
GILGAMISH ***
The Epic of Gilgamish
Page 4
by Stephen Langdon
Page 5
University of Pennsylvania
The University Museum
Publications of the Babylonian Section
Vol. X No. 3
The University Museum
Publications of the Babylonian Section
Vol. X No. 3
Page 6
Introduction
In the year 1914 the University Museum secured by purchase a large six
column tablet nearly complete, carrying originally, according to the scribal
note, 240 lines of text. The contents supply the South Babylonian version of
the second book of the epic ša nagba imuru, “He who has seen all things,”
commonly referred to as the Epic of Gilgamish. The tablet is said to have
been found at Senkere, ancient Larsa near Warka, modern Arabic name for
and vulgar descendant of the ancient name Uruk, the Biblical Erech
mentioned in Genesis X. 10. This fact makes the new text the more
interesting since the legend of Gilgamish is said to have originated at Erech
and the hero in fact figures as one of the prehistoric Sumerian rulers of that
ancient city. The dynastic list preserved on a Nippur tablet1 mentions him as
the fifth king of a legendary line of rulers at Erech, who succeeded the
dynasty of Kish, a city in North Babylonia near the more famous but more
recent city Babylon. The list at Erech contains the names of two well known
Sumerian deities, Lugalbanda2 and Tammuz. The reign of the former is
given at 1,200 years and that of Tammuz at 100 years. Gilgamish ruled 126
years. We have to do here with a confusion of myth and history in which the
real facts are disengaged only by conjecture.
The prehistoric Sumerian dynasties were all transformed into the realm of
myth and legend. Nevertheless these rulers, although appearing in the
pretentious nomenclature as gods, appear to have been real historic
personages.3 The name Gilgamish was originally written dGi-bil-aga-miš,
and means “The fire god (Gibil) is a commander,” abbreviated to dGi-bil-ga-
miš, and dGi(š)-bil-ga-miš, a form which by full labialization of b to u̯ was
finally contracted to dGi-il-ga-miš.4 Throughout the new text the name is
written with the abbreviation dGi(š),5 whereas the standard Assyrian text has
consistently the writing dGIŠ-ṬU6-BAR. The latter method of writing the
name is apparently cryptographic for dGiš-bar-aga-(miš); the fire god Gibil
has also the title Giš-bar.
In the year 1914 the University Museum secured by purchase a large six
column tablet nearly complete, carrying originally, according to the scribal
note, 240 lines of text. The contents supply the South Babylonian version of
the second book of the epic ša nagba imuru, “He who has seen all things,”
commonly referred to as the Epic of Gilgamish. The tablet is said to have
been found at Senkere, ancient Larsa near Warka, modern Arabic name for
and vulgar descendant of the ancient name Uruk, the Biblical Erech
mentioned in Genesis X. 10. This fact makes the new text the more
interesting since the legend of Gilgamish is said to have originated at Erech
and the hero in fact figures as one of the prehistoric Sumerian rulers of that
ancient city. The dynastic list preserved on a Nippur tablet1 mentions him as
the fifth king of a legendary line of rulers at Erech, who succeeded the
dynasty of Kish, a city in North Babylonia near the more famous but more
recent city Babylon. The list at Erech contains the names of two well known
Sumerian deities, Lugalbanda2 and Tammuz. The reign of the former is
given at 1,200 years and that of Tammuz at 100 years. Gilgamish ruled 126
years. We have to do here with a confusion of myth and history in which the
real facts are disengaged only by conjecture.
The prehistoric Sumerian dynasties were all transformed into the realm of
myth and legend. Nevertheless these rulers, although appearing in the
pretentious nomenclature as gods, appear to have been real historic
personages.3 The name Gilgamish was originally written dGi-bil-aga-miš,
and means “The fire god (Gibil) is a commander,” abbreviated to dGi-bil-ga-
miš, and dGi(š)-bil-ga-miš, a form which by full labialization of b to u̯ was
finally contracted to dGi-il-ga-miš.4 Throughout the new text the name is
written with the abbreviation dGi(š),5 whereas the standard Assyrian text has
consistently the writing dGIŠ-ṬU6-BAR. The latter method of writing the
name is apparently cryptographic for dGiš-bar-aga-(miš); the fire god Gibil
has also the title Giš-bar.
Page 7
A fragment of the South Babylonian version of the tenth book was published
in 1902, a text from the period of Hammurapi, which showed that the
Babylonian epic differed very much from the Assyrian in diction, but not in
content. The new tablet, which belongs to the same period, also differs
radically from the diction of the Ninevite text in the few lines where they
duplicate each other. The first line of the new tablet corresponds to Tablet I,
Col. V 25 of the Assyrian text,7 where Gilgamish begins to relate his dreams
to his mother Ninsun.8
The last line of Col. I corresponds to the Assyrian version Book I, Col. VI
29. From this point onward the new tablet takes up a hitherto unknown
portion of the epic, henceforth to be assigned to the second book.9
At the end of Book I in the Assyrian text and at the end of Col. I of Book II
in the new text, the situation in the legend is as follows. The harlot halts
outside the city of Erech with the enamoured Enkidu, while she relates to
him the two dreams of the king, Gilgamish. In these dreams which he has
told to his mother he receives premonition concerning the advent of the satyr
Enkidu, destined to join with him in the conquest of Elam.
Now the harlot urges Enkidu to enter the beautiful city, to clothe himself like
other men and to learn the ways of civilization. When he enters he sees
someone, whose name is broken away, eating bread and drinking milk, but
the beautiful barbarian understands not. The harlot commands him to eat and
drink also:
“It is the conformity of life,
Of the conditions and fate of the Land.”
He rapidly learns the customs of men, becomes a shepherd and a mighty
hunter. At last he comes to the notice of Gilgamish himself, who is shocked
by the newly acquired manner of Enkidu.
“Oh harlot, take away the man,” says the lord of Erech. Once again the
faithful woman instructs her heroic lover in the conventions of society, this
time teaching him the importance of the family in Babylonian life, and
obedience to the ruler. Now the people of Erech assemble about him
in 1902, a text from the period of Hammurapi, which showed that the
Babylonian epic differed very much from the Assyrian in diction, but not in
content. The new tablet, which belongs to the same period, also differs
radically from the diction of the Ninevite text in the few lines where they
duplicate each other. The first line of the new tablet corresponds to Tablet I,
Col. V 25 of the Assyrian text,7 where Gilgamish begins to relate his dreams
to his mother Ninsun.8
The last line of Col. I corresponds to the Assyrian version Book I, Col. VI
29. From this point onward the new tablet takes up a hitherto unknown
portion of the epic, henceforth to be assigned to the second book.9
At the end of Book I in the Assyrian text and at the end of Col. I of Book II
in the new text, the situation in the legend is as follows. The harlot halts
outside the city of Erech with the enamoured Enkidu, while she relates to
him the two dreams of the king, Gilgamish. In these dreams which he has
told to his mother he receives premonition concerning the advent of the satyr
Enkidu, destined to join with him in the conquest of Elam.
Now the harlot urges Enkidu to enter the beautiful city, to clothe himself like
other men and to learn the ways of civilization. When he enters he sees
someone, whose name is broken away, eating bread and drinking milk, but
the beautiful barbarian understands not. The harlot commands him to eat and
drink also:
“It is the conformity of life,
Of the conditions and fate of the Land.”
He rapidly learns the customs of men, becomes a shepherd and a mighty
hunter. At last he comes to the notice of Gilgamish himself, who is shocked
by the newly acquired manner of Enkidu.
“Oh harlot, take away the man,” says the lord of Erech. Once again the
faithful woman instructs her heroic lover in the conventions of society, this
time teaching him the importance of the family in Babylonian life, and
obedience to the ruler. Now the people of Erech assemble about him
Page 8
admiring his godlike appearance. Gilgamish receives him and they dedicate
their arms to heroic endeavor. At this point the epic brings in a new and
powerful motif, the renunciation of woman’s love in the presence of a great
undertaking. Gilgamish is enamoured of the beautiful virgin goddess Išhara,
and Enkidu, fearing the effeminate effects of his friend’s attachment,
prevents him forcibly from entering a house. A terrific combat between these
heroes ensues,10 in which Enkidu conquers, and in a magnanimous speech
he reminds Gilgamish of his higher destiny.
In another unplaced fragment of the Assyrian text11 Enkidu rejects his
mistress also, apparently on his own initiative and for ascetic reasons. This
fragment, heretofore assigned to the second book, probably belongs to Book
III. The tablet of the Assyrian version which carries the portion related on
the new tablet has not been found. Man redeemed from barbarism is the
major theme of Book II.
The newly recovered section of the epic contains two legends which
supplied the glyptic artists of Sumer and Accad with subjects for seals.
Obverse III 28–32 describes Enkidu the slayer of lions and panthers. Seals in
all periods frequently represent Enkidu in combat with a lion. The struggle
between the two heroes, where Enkidu strives to rescue his friend from the
fatal charms of Išhara, is probably depicted on seals also. On one of the seals
published by Ward, Seal Cylinders of Western Asia, No. 459, a nude female
stands beside the struggling heroes.12 This scene not improbably illustrates
the effort of Enkidu to rescue his friend from the goddess. In fact the satyr
stands between Gilgamish and Išhara(?) on the seal.
1 Ni. 13981, published by Dr. Poebel in PBS. V, No. 2.
2 The local Bêl of Erech and a bye-form of Enlil, the earth god. Here he is the consort of the
mother goddess Ninsun.
3 Tammuz is probably a real personage, although Dumu-zi, his original name, is certainly later than
the title Ab-ú, probably the oldest epithet of this deity, see Tammuz and Ishtar, p. 8. Dumu-zi I
take to have been originally the name of a prehistoric ruler of Erech, identified with the primitive deity
Abu.
4 See ibid., page 40.
their arms to heroic endeavor. At this point the epic brings in a new and
powerful motif, the renunciation of woman’s love in the presence of a great
undertaking. Gilgamish is enamoured of the beautiful virgin goddess Išhara,
and Enkidu, fearing the effeminate effects of his friend’s attachment,
prevents him forcibly from entering a house. A terrific combat between these
heroes ensues,10 in which Enkidu conquers, and in a magnanimous speech
he reminds Gilgamish of his higher destiny.
In another unplaced fragment of the Assyrian text11 Enkidu rejects his
mistress also, apparently on his own initiative and for ascetic reasons. This
fragment, heretofore assigned to the second book, probably belongs to Book
III. The tablet of the Assyrian version which carries the portion related on
the new tablet has not been found. Man redeemed from barbarism is the
major theme of Book II.
The newly recovered section of the epic contains two legends which
supplied the glyptic artists of Sumer and Accad with subjects for seals.
Obverse III 28–32 describes Enkidu the slayer of lions and panthers. Seals in
all periods frequently represent Enkidu in combat with a lion. The struggle
between the two heroes, where Enkidu strives to rescue his friend from the
fatal charms of Išhara, is probably depicted on seals also. On one of the seals
published by Ward, Seal Cylinders of Western Asia, No. 459, a nude female
stands beside the struggling heroes.12 This scene not improbably illustrates
the effort of Enkidu to rescue his friend from the goddess. In fact the satyr
stands between Gilgamish and Išhara(?) on the seal.
1 Ni. 13981, published by Dr. Poebel in PBS. V, No. 2.
2 The local Bêl of Erech and a bye-form of Enlil, the earth god. Here he is the consort of the
mother goddess Ninsun.
3 Tammuz is probably a real personage, although Dumu-zi, his original name, is certainly later than
the title Ab-ú, probably the oldest epithet of this deity, see Tammuz and Ishtar, p. 8. Dumu-zi I
take to have been originally the name of a prehistoric ruler of Erech, identified with the primitive deity
Abu.
4 See ibid., page 40.
Page 9
5 Also Meissner’s early Babylonian duplicate of Book X has invariably the same writing, see
Dhorme, Choix de Textes Religieux, 298–303.
6 Sign whose gunufied form is read aga.
7 The standard text of the Assyrian version is by Professor Paul Haupt, Das Babylonische
Nimrodepos, Leipzig, 1884.
8 The name of the mother of Gilgamish has been erroneously read ri-mat ilatNin-lil, or Rimat-Bêlit,
see Dhorme 202, 37; 204, 30, etc. But Dr. Poebel, who also copied this text, has shown that Nin-lil is
an erroneous reading for Nin-sun. For Ninsun as mother of Gilgamish see SBP. 153 n. 19 and R.A., IX
113 III 2. Ri-mat ilatNin-sun should be rendered “The wild cow Ninsun.”
9 The fragments which have been assigned to Book II in the British Museum collections by Haupt,
Jensen, Dhorme and others belong to later tablets, probably III or IV.
10 Rm. 289, latter part of Col. II (part of the Assyrian version) published in HAUPT, ibid., 81–4
preserves a defective text of this part of the epic. This tablet has been erroneously assigned to
Book IV, but it appears to be Book III.
11 K. 2589 and duplicate (unnumbered) in Haupt, ibid., 16–19.
12 See also Ward, No. 199.
Dhorme, Choix de Textes Religieux, 298–303.
6 Sign whose gunufied form is read aga.
7 The standard text of the Assyrian version is by Professor Paul Haupt, Das Babylonische
Nimrodepos, Leipzig, 1884.
8 The name of the mother of Gilgamish has been erroneously read ri-mat ilatNin-lil, or Rimat-Bêlit,
see Dhorme 202, 37; 204, 30, etc. But Dr. Poebel, who also copied this text, has shown that Nin-lil is
an erroneous reading for Nin-sun. For Ninsun as mother of Gilgamish see SBP. 153 n. 19 and R.A., IX
113 III 2. Ri-mat ilatNin-sun should be rendered “The wild cow Ninsun.”
9 The fragments which have been assigned to Book II in the British Museum collections by Haupt,
Jensen, Dhorme and others belong to later tablets, probably III or IV.
10 Rm. 289, latter part of Col. II (part of the Assyrian version) published in HAUPT, ibid., 81–4
preserves a defective text of this part of the epic. This tablet has been erroneously assigned to
Book IV, but it appears to be Book III.
11 K. 2589 and duplicate (unnumbered) in Haupt, ibid., 16–19.
12 See also Ward, No. 199.
Page 10
Transliteration
1it-bi-e-ma iluGilgamiš šu-na-tam i-pa-aš-šar.
2iz-za-kar-am1 a-na um-mi-šu
3um-mi i-na ša-a-at mu-ši-ti-i̭a
4ša-am-ḫa-ku-ma at-ta-na-al-la-ak
5i-na bi-ri-it id-da-tim
6ib-ba-šu-nim-ma ka-ka-’a2 ša-ma-i
7ki-?-?-rum3 ša a-nim im-ku-ut a-na ṣi-ri-i̭a
8áš-ši-šu-ma ik-ta-bi-it4 e-li-i̭a
9ilam5 iš-šu-ma nu-uš-ša-šu6 u-ul el-ti-’i̭
10ad-ki ma-tum pa-ḫi-ir7 e-li-šu
11id-lu-tum ú-na-ša-ku ši-pi-šu
12ú-um-mi-id-ma pu-ti
13i-mi- du i̭a-ti
14aš-ši-a-šu-ma at-ba-la-áš-šu a-na ṣi-ri-ki
15um-mi iluGilgamiš mu-u-da-a-at ka-la-ma
ilu
16iz-za-kar-am a-na Gilgamiš
17mi-in-di iluGilgamish ša ki-ma ka-ti
18i-na ṣi-ri i-wa-li-id-ma
19ú-ra-ab-bi-šu ša-du-ú
20ta-mar-šu-ma [sa(?)]-ap-ḫa-ta at-ta
21id-lu-tum ú-na-ša-ku ši-pi-šu8
22te-iṭ-ṭi-ra-šu(?) … šu-ú-zu
23ta-tar-ra-[’a]-šu a-na ṣi-[ri-i̭]a
24[iš-(?)] ti-lam-ma9 i-ta-mar ša-ni-tam
25[šu-na-]ta i-ta-wa-a-am a-na um-mi-šu
26[um-m]i a-ta-mar ša-ni-tam
1it-bi-e-ma iluGilgamiš šu-na-tam i-pa-aš-šar.
2iz-za-kar-am1 a-na um-mi-šu
3um-mi i-na ša-a-at mu-ši-ti-i̭a
4ša-am-ḫa-ku-ma at-ta-na-al-la-ak
5i-na bi-ri-it id-da-tim
6ib-ba-šu-nim-ma ka-ka-’a2 ša-ma-i
7ki-?-?-rum3 ša a-nim im-ku-ut a-na ṣi-ri-i̭a
8áš-ši-šu-ma ik-ta-bi-it4 e-li-i̭a
9ilam5 iš-šu-ma nu-uš-ša-šu6 u-ul el-ti-’i̭
10ad-ki ma-tum pa-ḫi-ir7 e-li-šu
11id-lu-tum ú-na-ša-ku ši-pi-šu
12ú-um-mi-id-ma pu-ti
13i-mi- du i̭a-ti
14aš-ši-a-šu-ma at-ba-la-áš-šu a-na ṣi-ri-ki
15um-mi iluGilgamiš mu-u-da-a-at ka-la-ma
ilu
16iz-za-kar-am a-na Gilgamiš
17mi-in-di iluGilgamish ša ki-ma ka-ti
18i-na ṣi-ri i-wa-li-id-ma
19ú-ra-ab-bi-šu ša-du-ú
20ta-mar-šu-ma [sa(?)]-ap-ḫa-ta at-ta
21id-lu-tum ú-na-ša-ku ši-pi-šu8
22te-iṭ-ṭi-ra-šu(?) … šu-ú-zu
23ta-tar-ra-[’a]-šu a-na ṣi-[ri-i̭]a
24[iš-(?)] ti-lam-ma9 i-ta-mar ša-ni-tam
25[šu-na-]ta i-ta-wa-a-am a-na um-mi-šu
26[um-m]i a-ta-mar ša-ni-tam
Page 11
27[šu-na-ta a-ta]mar e-mi-a i-na zu-ki-im
28[i-na?] Unuk-(ki) ri-bi-tim10
29ḫa-aṣ-ṣi-nu na-di-i-ma
30e-li-šu pa-aḫ- ru
31ḫa-aṣ-ṣi-nu-um-ma ša-ni bu-nu-šu
32a-mur-šu-ma aḫ-ta-ta a-na-ku
33a-ra-am-šu-ma ki-ma áš-ša-tim
34a-ḫa-ap-pu-up el-šu
35el-ki-šu-ma áš-ta-ka-an-šu
36a-na a-ḫi-i̭a
ilu
37um-mi Gilgamish mu-da-at ka-la-ma
38[iz-za-kar-am a-na iluGilgamish]
...................................
COL. II
1aš-šum uš-[ta-] ma-ḫa-ru it-ti-ka.
2ilu Gilgamish šu-na-tam i-pa-šar
ilu
3 En-ki-[dû w]a?-ši-ib ma-ḫar ḫa-ri-im-tim
4UR [ ]-ḫa-mu DI-?-al-lu-un
5[ ] im-ta-ši a-šar i-wa-al-du
6ûmê 611 ù 7 mu-ši- a-tim
7iluEn-ki-dû te-bi- i-ma
8ša-[am-ka-ta] ir- ḫi
9ḫa-[ri-im-tu pa-a]-ša i-pu-ša-am-ma
10iz-za-[kar-am] a-na iluEn-ki-dû12
d
11a-na-ṭal-ka En-ki-dû ki-ma ili ta-ba-áš-ši
12am-mi-nim it-ti na-ma-áš-te-e13
13ta-at-ta-[na-al-]la -ak ṣi-ra-am
14al-kam lu-ùr-di- ka
15a-na libbi Uruk-(ki) ri-bi-tim
28[i-na?] Unuk-(ki) ri-bi-tim10
29ḫa-aṣ-ṣi-nu na-di-i-ma
30e-li-šu pa-aḫ- ru
31ḫa-aṣ-ṣi-nu-um-ma ša-ni bu-nu-šu
32a-mur-šu-ma aḫ-ta-ta a-na-ku
33a-ra-am-šu-ma ki-ma áš-ša-tim
34a-ḫa-ap-pu-up el-šu
35el-ki-šu-ma áš-ta-ka-an-šu
36a-na a-ḫi-i̭a
ilu
37um-mi Gilgamish mu-da-at ka-la-ma
38[iz-za-kar-am a-na iluGilgamish]
...................................
COL. II
1aš-šum uš-[ta-] ma-ḫa-ru it-ti-ka.
2ilu Gilgamish šu-na-tam i-pa-šar
ilu
3 En-ki-[dû w]a?-ši-ib ma-ḫar ḫa-ri-im-tim
4UR [ ]-ḫa-mu DI-?-al-lu-un
5[ ] im-ta-ši a-šar i-wa-al-du
6ûmê 611 ù 7 mu-ši- a-tim
7iluEn-ki-dû te-bi- i-ma
8ša-[am-ka-ta] ir- ḫi
9ḫa-[ri-im-tu pa-a]-ša i-pu-ša-am-ma
10iz-za-[kar-am] a-na iluEn-ki-dû12
d
11a-na-ṭal-ka En-ki-dû ki-ma ili ta-ba-áš-ši
12am-mi-nim it-ti na-ma-áš-te-e13
13ta-at-ta-[na-al-]la -ak ṣi-ra-am
14al-kam lu-ùr-di- ka
15a-na libbi Uruk-(ki) ri-bi-tim
Page 12
16a-na biti [el-]lim mu-ša-bi ša A-nim
17d En-ki-dû ti-bi lu-ru-ka
18a-na É-[an-n]a mu-ša-bi ša A-nim
ilu
19a-šar [ Gilgamiš] it-[.........] ne-pi-ši-tim(?)
20ù at-[ ]-di [ -] ma
21ta-[ ] ra-ma-an- ka
22al-ka ti-ba i-[na] ga-ag-ga-ri
23ma-a-a?14 -ak ri-i-im
24iš-me a-wa-az-za im-ta-gár ga-ba-ša
25mi-il-kum ša sinništi
26im-ta-[ku]-ut a-na libbi-šu
27iš-ḫu-uṭ li-ib-ša-am
28iš-ti-nam [ú]-la-ab-bi-iš-šu
29li-ib- [ša-am] ša-ni-a-am
30ši-i it-ta-al-ba- áš
31ṣa-ab-ta-at ga-az- zu
32ki-ma ? i-ri-id-di-šu
33a-na gu-up-ri ša ri-i-im
34a-š[ar ] tar-ba-ṣi-im
35i-na [ ]-ḫu-ru ri-i̭a-ú15
36.............................
(About two lines broken away.)
COL. III
1ši-iz-ba ša na-ma-áš-te-e
2i-te-en- ni- iḳ
3a-ka-lam iš-ku-nu ma-ḫar-šu
4ip-te-iḳ-ma i-na -aṭ-ṭal16
5ù ip-pa-al-la- as
d
6u-ul i-di En-ki- dû
17d En-ki-dû ti-bi lu-ru-ka
18a-na É-[an-n]a mu-ša-bi ša A-nim
ilu
19a-šar [ Gilgamiš] it-[.........] ne-pi-ši-tim(?)
20ù at-[ ]-di [ -] ma
21ta-[ ] ra-ma-an- ka
22al-ka ti-ba i-[na] ga-ag-ga-ri
23ma-a-a?14 -ak ri-i-im
24iš-me a-wa-az-za im-ta-gár ga-ba-ša
25mi-il-kum ša sinništi
26im-ta-[ku]-ut a-na libbi-šu
27iš-ḫu-uṭ li-ib-ša-am
28iš-ti-nam [ú]-la-ab-bi-iš-šu
29li-ib- [ša-am] ša-ni-a-am
30ši-i it-ta-al-ba- áš
31ṣa-ab-ta-at ga-az- zu
32ki-ma ? i-ri-id-di-šu
33a-na gu-up-ri ša ri-i-im
34a-š[ar ] tar-ba-ṣi-im
35i-na [ ]-ḫu-ru ri-i̭a-ú15
36.............................
(About two lines broken away.)
COL. III
1ši-iz-ba ša na-ma-áš-te-e
2i-te-en- ni- iḳ
3a-ka-lam iš-ku-nu ma-ḫar-šu
4ip-te-iḳ-ma i-na -aṭ-ṭal16
5ù ip-pa-al-la- as
d
6u-ul i-di En-ki- dû
Page 13
7aklam a-na a-ka-lim
8šikaram a-na ša-te-e-im
9la-a lum-mu- ud
10ḫa-ri-im-lum pi-ša i-pu-ša-am- ma
11iz-za-kar-am a-na iluEn-ki-dû
d
12a-ku-ul ak-lam En-ki-dû
13zi-ma-at ba-la-ṭi-im
14bi-ši-ti ši-im-ti ma-ti
15i-ku-ul a-ak-lam iluEn-ki-dû
16a-di ši-bi-e-šu
17šikaram iš-ti-a-am
187 aṣ-ṣa-am-mi-im17
19it-tap-šar kab-ta-tum i-na-an-gu
20i-li-iṣ libba- šu- ma
21pa-nu-šu [it-]ta(?)-bir -ru18
22ul-tap-pi-it [............]-i
23šu-ḫu-ra-am pa-ga-ar-šu
24ša-am-nam ip-ta-ša-áš-ma
25a-we-li-iš i-mē
26il-ba- áš li-ib-ša-am
27ki-ma mu-ti i-ba-áš-ši
28il-ki ka-ak-ka-šu
29la-bi ú gi-ir- ri
30iš-sa-ak-pu šab-[ši]-eš mu-ši-a-ti
31ut- tap -pi-iš šib-ba-ri19
32la-bi uk-t[a ]-ši-id
33it-ti immer na-ki-[e?] ra-bu-tum
34iluEn-ki-dû ma-aṣ-ṣa-ar-šu-nu
35a-we-lum wa-ru-um
36iš-[te]-en id-lum
37a-na[ ........ u]-za-ak-ki-ir
...........................
8šikaram a-na ša-te-e-im
9la-a lum-mu- ud
10ḫa-ri-im-lum pi-ša i-pu-ša-am- ma
11iz-za-kar-am a-na iluEn-ki-dû
d
12a-ku-ul ak-lam En-ki-dû
13zi-ma-at ba-la-ṭi-im
14bi-ši-ti ši-im-ti ma-ti
15i-ku-ul a-ak-lam iluEn-ki-dû
16a-di ši-bi-e-šu
17šikaram iš-ti-a-am
187 aṣ-ṣa-am-mi-im17
19it-tap-šar kab-ta-tum i-na-an-gu
20i-li-iṣ libba- šu- ma
21pa-nu-šu [it-]ta(?)-bir -ru18
22ul-tap-pi-it [............]-i
23šu-ḫu-ra-am pa-ga-ar-šu
24ša-am-nam ip-ta-ša-áš-ma
25a-we-li-iš i-mē
26il-ba- áš li-ib-ša-am
27ki-ma mu-ti i-ba-áš-ši
28il-ki ka-ak-ka-šu
29la-bi ú gi-ir- ri
30iš-sa-ak-pu šab-[ši]-eš mu-ši-a-ti
31ut- tap -pi-iš šib-ba-ri19
32la-bi uk-t[a ]-ši-id
33it-ti immer na-ki-[e?] ra-bu-tum
34iluEn-ki-dû ma-aṣ-ṣa-ar-šu-nu
35a-we-lum wa-ru-um
36iš-[te]-en id-lum
37a-na[ ........ u]-za-ak-ki-ir
...........................
Page 14
(About five lines broken away.)
REVERSE I
..............................
1i-ip-pu-uš ul-ṣa-am
2iš-ši-ma i-ni-i-šu
3i-ta-mar a-we-lam
4iz20-za-kar-am a-na ḫarimti
5ša-am-ka-at uk-ki-ši21 a-we-lam
6a-na mi-nim il-li-kam
7zi-ki-ir-šu lu-uš-šu22
8ḫa-ri-im-tum iš-ta-si a-we-lam
9i-ba-uš-šu-um-ma i-ta-mar-šu
10e-di-il23 e-eš-ta-ḫi-[ṭa-am]
11mi-nu a-la-ku-zu na-aḫ-24 [ -]ma
12e pi-šu i-pu-ša-am-[ma]
ilu
13iz-za-kar-am a-na En-[ki-dû]
14bi-ti-iš e-mu-tim [ ]
15ši-ma-a-at ni-ši-i- ma
16tu-ṣa25-ar pa-a-ta-tim26
17a-na âli dup-šak-ki-i e ṣi-en
18UG-AD-AD-LIL e-mi ṣa-a-a-ḫa-tim
19a-na šarri Unuk-(ki) ri-bi-tim
20pi-ti pu-uk epši27 a-na ḫa-a-a-ri
21a-na iluGilgamiš šarri ša Unuk-(ki) ri-bi-tim
22pi-ti pu-uk epši28
23a-na ha-a-a-ri
24áš-ša-at ši-ma-tim i-ra-aḫ-ḫi
25šu-u pa-na-nu-um-ma
26mu-uk wa-ar-ka-nu
REVERSE I
..............................
1i-ip-pu-uš ul-ṣa-am
2iš-ši-ma i-ni-i-šu
3i-ta-mar a-we-lam
4iz20-za-kar-am a-na ḫarimti
5ša-am-ka-at uk-ki-ši21 a-we-lam
6a-na mi-nim il-li-kam
7zi-ki-ir-šu lu-uš-šu22
8ḫa-ri-im-tum iš-ta-si a-we-lam
9i-ba-uš-šu-um-ma i-ta-mar-šu
10e-di-il23 e-eš-ta-ḫi-[ṭa-am]
11mi-nu a-la-ku-zu na-aḫ-24 [ -]ma
12e pi-šu i-pu-ša-am-[ma]
ilu
13iz-za-kar-am a-na En-[ki-dû]
14bi-ti-iš e-mu-tim [ ]
15ši-ma-a-at ni-ši-i- ma
16tu-ṣa25-ar pa-a-ta-tim26
17a-na âli dup-šak-ki-i e ṣi-en
18UG-AD-AD-LIL e-mi ṣa-a-a-ḫa-tim
19a-na šarri Unuk-(ki) ri-bi-tim
20pi-ti pu-uk epši27 a-na ḫa-a-a-ri
21a-na iluGilgamiš šarri ša Unuk-(ki) ri-bi-tim
22pi-ti pu-uk epši28
23a-na ha-a-a-ri
24áš-ša-at ši-ma-tim i-ra-aḫ-ḫi
25šu-u pa-na-nu-um-ma
26mu-uk wa-ar-ka-nu
Page 15
27i-na mi-il-ki ša ili ga-bi-ma
28i-na bi-ti-iḳ a-pu-un-na-ti-šu29
29ši- ma- az- zum
30a-na zi-ik-ri id-li-im
31i-ri-ku pa-nu-šu
REVERSE II
............................................................
(About five lines broken away.)
1i-il-la-ak- ..........
2ù ša-am-ka-at[ ]ar-ki-šu
3i- ru- ub-ma30 a-na31 libbi Uruk-(ki) ri-bi-tim
4ip-ḫur um-ma-nu-um i-na ṣi-ri-šu
5iz-zi-za-am-ma i-na zu-ki-im
6ša Unuk-(ki) ri-bi-tim
7pa-aḫ-ra-a-ma ni-šu
8i-ta-mē-a i-na ṣi-ri-šu pi(?)-it-tam32
9a-na mi-[ni]33 iluGilgamiš ma-ši-il
10la-nam ša- pi- il
11e-ṣi[ pu]-uk-ku-ul
12 i ? -ak-ta
13i[- -]di i-ši?
14ši-iz-ba ša[na-ma-]áš-[te]-e
15i-te- en- ni- iḳ
16ka-i̭ā-na i-na [libbi] Uruk-(ki) kak-ki-a-tum34
17id-lu-tum u-te-el-li- lu
18ša-ki-in ip-ša- nu35
19a-na idli ša i-tu-ru zi-mu-šu
ilu
20a-na Gilgamiš ki-ma i-li-im
28i-na bi-ti-iḳ a-pu-un-na-ti-šu29
29ši- ma- az- zum
30a-na zi-ik-ri id-li-im
31i-ri-ku pa-nu-šu
REVERSE II
............................................................
(About five lines broken away.)
1i-il-la-ak- ..........
2ù ša-am-ka-at[ ]ar-ki-šu
3i- ru- ub-ma30 a-na31 libbi Uruk-(ki) ri-bi-tim
4ip-ḫur um-ma-nu-um i-na ṣi-ri-šu
5iz-zi-za-am-ma i-na zu-ki-im
6ša Unuk-(ki) ri-bi-tim
7pa-aḫ-ra-a-ma ni-šu
8i-ta-mē-a i-na ṣi-ri-šu pi(?)-it-tam32
9a-na mi-[ni]33 iluGilgamiš ma-ši-il
10la-nam ša- pi- il
11e-ṣi[ pu]-uk-ku-ul
12 i ? -ak-ta
13i[- -]di i-ši?
14ši-iz-ba ša[na-ma-]áš-[te]-e
15i-te- en- ni- iḳ
16ka-i̭ā-na i-na [libbi] Uruk-(ki) kak-ki-a-tum34
17id-lu-tum u-te-el-li- lu
18ša-ki-in ip-ša- nu35
19a-na idli ša i-tu-ru zi-mu-šu
ilu
20a-na Gilgamiš ki-ma i-li-im
Page 16
21ša-ki-iš-šum36 me-iḫ-rum
ilat
22a-na Iš-ḫa-ra ma-i̭ā-lum
23na- [di]-i- ma
24iluGilgamish id-[ ]na-an(?)...
25i-na mu-ši in-ni-[ -]id
26i-na-ak37-ša-am- ma
27it-ta-[ ]i-na zûki
28ip-ta-ra-[ku ]-ak-tām
ilu
29ša Gilgamish
30........... da-na(?) ni-iš-šu
COL. III
1ur-(?)ḫa .....................
2ilu Gilgamiš ................
3i-na ṣi-ri ....................
4i-ḫa-an-ni-ib [pi-ir-ta-šu?]
5it-bi-ma ...
6a-na pa-ni- šu
7it-tam-ḫa-ru i-na ri-bi-tu ma-ti
8iluEn-ki-dû ba-ba-am ip-ta-ri-ik
9i-na ši-pi-šu
ilu
10 Gilgamiš e-ri-ba-am u-ul id-di-in
11iṣ-ṣa-ab-tu-ma ki-ma li-i-im
12i- lu- du38
13zi-ip-pa-am ’i-bu- tu
14i-ga-rum ir-tu-tū39
15iluGilgamiš ù iluEn-ki- dû
16iṣ-ṣa-ab-tu-ù- ma
17ki-ma li-i-im i-lu-du
18zi-ip-pa-am ’i-bu- tu
ilat
22a-na Iš-ḫa-ra ma-i̭ā-lum
23na- [di]-i- ma
24iluGilgamish id-[ ]na-an(?)...
25i-na mu-ši in-ni-[ -]id
26i-na-ak37-ša-am- ma
27it-ta-[ ]i-na zûki
28ip-ta-ra-[ku ]-ak-tām
ilu
29ša Gilgamish
30........... da-na(?) ni-iš-šu
COL. III
1ur-(?)ḫa .....................
2ilu Gilgamiš ................
3i-na ṣi-ri ....................
4i-ḫa-an-ni-ib [pi-ir-ta-šu?]
5it-bi-ma ...
6a-na pa-ni- šu
7it-tam-ḫa-ru i-na ri-bi-tu ma-ti
8iluEn-ki-dû ba-ba-am ip-ta-ri-ik
9i-na ši-pi-šu
ilu
10 Gilgamiš e-ri-ba-am u-ul id-di-in
11iṣ-ṣa-ab-tu-ma ki-ma li-i-im
12i- lu- du38
13zi-ip-pa-am ’i-bu- tu
14i-ga-rum ir-tu-tū39
15iluGilgamiš ù iluEn-ki- dû
16iṣ-ṣa-ab-tu-ù- ma
17ki-ma li-i-im i-lu-du
18zi-ip-pa-am ’i-bu- tu
Page 17
19i-ga-rum ir-tu-tū
ilu
20ik-mi-is-ma Gilgamiš
21i-na ga-ga-ag-ga-ri ši-ip-šu
22ip-ši-iḫ40 uṣ-ṣa-šu- ma
23i-ni-’i i-ra-az-zu
24iš-tu i-ra-zu i-ni-ḫu41
25iluEn-ki-dû a-na ša-ši-im
ilu
26iz-za-kar-am a-na Gilgamiš
27ki-ma iš-te-en-ma um-ma-ka
28ú- li- id- ka
29ri-im-tum ša zu- pu-ri
30ilat-Nin- sun- na
31ul-lu e-li mu-ti ri-eš-su
32šar-ru-tam ša ni-ši
33i-ši-im-kum iluEn-lil
duppu 2 kam-ma
šu-tu-ur e-li …
4 šu-ši42
1 Here this late text includes both variants pašāru and zakāru. The earlier texts have only the one
or the other.
2 For kakabê; b becomes u̯ and then is reduced to the breathing.
3 The variants have kima kiṣri; ki-[ma]?-rum is a possible reading. The standard Assyrian texts
regard Enkidu as the subject.
4 Var. da-an
5 ŠAM-KAK = ilu, net. The variant has ultaprid ki-is-su-šu, “he shook his murderous weapon.” For
kissu see ZA. 9,220,4 = CT. 12,14b 36, giš-kud = ki-is-su.
6 Var. nussu for nuš-šu = nušša-šu. The previous translations of this passage are erroneous.
7 This is to my knowledge the first occurence of the infinitive of this verb, paḫēru, not paḫāru.
8 Text ma?
ilu
20ik-mi-is-ma Gilgamiš
21i-na ga-ga-ag-ga-ri ši-ip-šu
22ip-ši-iḫ40 uṣ-ṣa-šu- ma
23i-ni-’i i-ra-az-zu
24iš-tu i-ra-zu i-ni-ḫu41
25iluEn-ki-dû a-na ša-ši-im
ilu
26iz-za-kar-am a-na Gilgamiš
27ki-ma iš-te-en-ma um-ma-ka
28ú- li- id- ka
29ri-im-tum ša zu- pu-ri
30ilat-Nin- sun- na
31ul-lu e-li mu-ti ri-eš-su
32šar-ru-tam ša ni-ši
33i-ši-im-kum iluEn-lil
duppu 2 kam-ma
šu-tu-ur e-li …
4 šu-ši42
1 Here this late text includes both variants pašāru and zakāru. The earlier texts have only the one
or the other.
2 For kakabê; b becomes u̯ and then is reduced to the breathing.
3 The variants have kima kiṣri; ki-[ma]?-rum is a possible reading. The standard Assyrian texts
regard Enkidu as the subject.
4 Var. da-an
5 ŠAM-KAK = ilu, net. The variant has ultaprid ki-is-su-šu, “he shook his murderous weapon.” For
kissu see ZA. 9,220,4 = CT. 12,14b 36, giš-kud = ki-is-su.
6 Var. nussu for nuš-šu = nušša-šu. The previous translations of this passage are erroneous.
7 This is to my knowledge the first occurence of the infinitive of this verb, paḫēru, not paḫāru.
8 Text ma?
Page 18
9 ištanamma > ištilamma.
10 Cf. Code of Hammurapi IV 52 and Streck in Babyloniaca II 177.
11 Restored from Tab. I Col. IV 21.
12 Cf. Dhorme Choix de Textes Religieux 198, 33.
13 namaštû a late form which has followed the analogy of reštû in assuming the feminine t as part of
the root. The long û is due to analogy with namaššû a Sumerian loan-word with nisbe ending.
14 Room for a small sign only, perhaps A; māi̭āk? For mâka, there, see BEHRENS, LSS. II page 1
and index.
15 Infinitive “to shepherd”; see also Poebel, PBS. V 106 I, ri-i̭a-ú, ri-te-i̭a-ú.
16 The text has clearly AD-RI.
17 Or azzammim? The word is probably an adverb; hardly a word for cup, mug (??).
18 it is uncertain and ta more likely than uš. One expects ittabriru. Cf. muttabrirru, CT. 17, 15, 2;
littatabrar, EBELING, KTA. 69, 4.
19 For šapparu. Text and interpretation uncertain. uttappiš II² from tapāšu, Hebrew tāpaś, seize.
20 Text ta!
21 On ekēšu, drive away, see Zimmern, Shurpu, p. 56. Cf. uk-kiš Myhrman, PBS. I 14, 17; uk-ki-ši,
King, Cr. App. V 55; etc., etc.
22 The Hebrew cognate of mašû, to forget, is našâ, Arabic nasijia, and occurs here in Babylonian
for the first time. See also Brockelman, Vergleichende Grammatik 160 a.
23 Probably phonetic variant of edir. The preterite of edēru, to be in misery, has not been found. If
this interpretation be correct the preterite edir is established. For the change r > l note also attalaḫ
< attaraḫ, Harper, Letters 88, 10, bilku < birku, RA. 9, 77 II 13; uttakkalu < uttakkaru, Ebeling, KTA.
49 IV 10.
24 Also na-’-[ -]ma is possible.
25 The text cannot be correct since it has no intelligible sign. My reading is uncertain.
26 Text uncertain, kal-lu-tim is possible.
27 KAK-ši.
28 KAK-ši.
29 Literally nostrils. pitik apunnati-šu, work done in his presence(?). The meaning of the idiom is
uncertain.
10 Cf. Code of Hammurapi IV 52 and Streck in Babyloniaca II 177.
11 Restored from Tab. I Col. IV 21.
12 Cf. Dhorme Choix de Textes Religieux 198, 33.
13 namaštû a late form which has followed the analogy of reštû in assuming the feminine t as part of
the root. The long û is due to analogy with namaššû a Sumerian loan-word with nisbe ending.
14 Room for a small sign only, perhaps A; māi̭āk? For mâka, there, see BEHRENS, LSS. II page 1
and index.
15 Infinitive “to shepherd”; see also Poebel, PBS. V 106 I, ri-i̭a-ú, ri-te-i̭a-ú.
16 The text has clearly AD-RI.
17 Or azzammim? The word is probably an adverb; hardly a word for cup, mug (??).
18 it is uncertain and ta more likely than uš. One expects ittabriru. Cf. muttabrirru, CT. 17, 15, 2;
littatabrar, EBELING, KTA. 69, 4.
19 For šapparu. Text and interpretation uncertain. uttappiš II² from tapāšu, Hebrew tāpaś, seize.
20 Text ta!
21 On ekēšu, drive away, see Zimmern, Shurpu, p. 56. Cf. uk-kiš Myhrman, PBS. I 14, 17; uk-ki-ši,
King, Cr. App. V 55; etc., etc.
22 The Hebrew cognate of mašû, to forget, is našâ, Arabic nasijia, and occurs here in Babylonian
for the first time. See also Brockelman, Vergleichende Grammatik 160 a.
23 Probably phonetic variant of edir. The preterite of edēru, to be in misery, has not been found. If
this interpretation be correct the preterite edir is established. For the change r > l note also attalaḫ
< attaraḫ, Harper, Letters 88, 10, bilku < birku, RA. 9, 77 II 13; uttakkalu < uttakkaru, Ebeling, KTA.
49 IV 10.
24 Also na-’-[ -]ma is possible.
25 The text cannot be correct since it has no intelligible sign. My reading is uncertain.
26 Text uncertain, kal-lu-tim is possible.
27 KAK-ši.
28 KAK-ši.
29 Literally nostrils. pitik apunnati-šu, work done in his presence(?). The meaning of the idiom is
uncertain.
Page 19
30 Text ZU!
31 Text has erroneous form.
32 Text PA-it-tam clearly!
33 Omitted by the scribe.
34 Sic! The plural of kakku, kakkîtu(?).
35 Cf. e-pi-ša-an-šu-nu libâru, “May they see their doings,” Maḳlu VII 17.
36 For šakin-šum.
37 On the verb nâku see the Babylonian Book of Proverbs § 27.
38 The verb la’āṭu, to pierce, devour, forms its preterite iluṭ; see VAB. IV 216, 1. The present tense
which occurs here as iluṭ also.
39 Note BUL(tu-ku) = ratātu (falsely entered in Meissner, SAI. 7993), and irattutu in Zimmern,
Shurpu, Index.
40 “For ipšaḫ.”
41 Sic! ḫu reduced to the breathing ’u; read i-ni-’u.
42 The tablet is reckoned at forty lines in each column,
31 Text has erroneous form.
32 Text PA-it-tam clearly!
33 Omitted by the scribe.
34 Sic! The plural of kakku, kakkîtu(?).
35 Cf. e-pi-ša-an-šu-nu libâru, “May they see their doings,” Maḳlu VII 17.
36 For šakin-šum.
37 On the verb nâku see the Babylonian Book of Proverbs § 27.
38 The verb la’āṭu, to pierce, devour, forms its preterite iluṭ; see VAB. IV 216, 1. The present tense
which occurs here as iluṭ also.
39 Note BUL(tu-ku) = ratātu (falsely entered in Meissner, SAI. 7993), and irattutu in Zimmern,
Shurpu, Index.
40 “For ipšaḫ.”
41 Sic! ḫu reduced to the breathing ’u; read i-ni-’u.
42 The tablet is reckoned at forty lines in each column,
Page 20
Translation
1Gilgamish arose interpreting dreams,
2addressing his mother.
3“My mother! during my night
4I, having become lusty, wandered about
5in the midst of omens.
6And there came out stars in the heavens,
7Like a … of heaven he fell upon me.
8I bore him but he was too heavy for me.
9He bore a net but I was not able to bear it.
10I summoned the land to assemble unto him,
11that heroes might kiss his feet.
12He stood up before me1
13and they stood over against me.
14I lifted him and carried him away unto thee.”
15The mother of Gilgamish she that knows all things,
16said unto Gilgamish:—
17“Truly oh Gilgamish he is
18born2 in the fields like thee.
19The mountains have reared him.
20Thou beholdest him and art distracted(?)
21Heroes kiss his feet.
22Thou shalt spare him….
23Thou shalt lead him to me.”
24Again he dreamed and saw another dream
25and reported it unto his mother.
26“My mother, I have seen another
27[dream. I beheld] my likeness in the street.
28In Erech of the wide spaces3
1Gilgamish arose interpreting dreams,
2addressing his mother.
3“My mother! during my night
4I, having become lusty, wandered about
5in the midst of omens.
6And there came out stars in the heavens,
7Like a … of heaven he fell upon me.
8I bore him but he was too heavy for me.
9He bore a net but I was not able to bear it.
10I summoned the land to assemble unto him,
11that heroes might kiss his feet.
12He stood up before me1
13and they stood over against me.
14I lifted him and carried him away unto thee.”
15The mother of Gilgamish she that knows all things,
16said unto Gilgamish:—
17“Truly oh Gilgamish he is
18born2 in the fields like thee.
19The mountains have reared him.
20Thou beholdest him and art distracted(?)
21Heroes kiss his feet.
22Thou shalt spare him….
23Thou shalt lead him to me.”
24Again he dreamed and saw another dream
25and reported it unto his mother.
26“My mother, I have seen another
27[dream. I beheld] my likeness in the street.
28In Erech of the wide spaces3
Page 21
29he hurled the axe,
30and they assembled about him.
31Another axe seemed his visage.
32I saw him and was astounded.
33I loved him as a woman,
34falling upon him in embrace.
35I took him and made him
36my brother.”
37The mother of Gilgamish she that knows all things
38[said unto Gilgamish:—]
...................................
COL. II
1that he may join with thee in endeavor.”
2(Thus) Gilgamish solves (his) dream.
3Enkidu sitting before the hierodule
4
5[ ] forgot where he was born.
6Six days and seven nights
7came forth Enkidu
8and cohabited with the courtesan.
9The hierodule opened her mouth
10speaking unto Enkidu.
11“I behold thee Enkidu; like a god thou art.
12Why with the animals
13wanderest thou on the plain?
14Come! I will lead thee
15into the midst of Erech of the wide places,
16even unto the holy house, dwelling place of Anu.
17Oh Enkidu, arise, I will conduct thee
18unto Eanna dwelling place of Anu,
30and they assembled about him.
31Another axe seemed his visage.
32I saw him and was astounded.
33I loved him as a woman,
34falling upon him in embrace.
35I took him and made him
36my brother.”
37The mother of Gilgamish she that knows all things
38[said unto Gilgamish:—]
...................................
COL. II
1that he may join with thee in endeavor.”
2(Thus) Gilgamish solves (his) dream.
3Enkidu sitting before the hierodule
4
5[ ] forgot where he was born.
6Six days and seven nights
7came forth Enkidu
8and cohabited with the courtesan.
9The hierodule opened her mouth
10speaking unto Enkidu.
11“I behold thee Enkidu; like a god thou art.
12Why with the animals
13wanderest thou on the plain?
14Come! I will lead thee
15into the midst of Erech of the wide places,
16even unto the holy house, dwelling place of Anu.
17Oh Enkidu, arise, I will conduct thee
18unto Eanna dwelling place of Anu,
Page 22
19where Gilgamish [oppresses] the souls of men(?)
20And as I ............
21thou shalt ........ thyself.
22Come thou, arise from the ground
23unto the place yonder (?) of the shepherd.”
24He heard her speak and accepted her words with
favor.
25The advice of the woman
26fell upon his heart.
27She tore off one garment
28and clothed him with it.
29With a second garment
30she clothed herself.
31She clasped his hand,
32guiding him like ..............
33unto the mighty presence of the shepherd,
34unto the place of the ... of the sheepfolds.
35In ......... to shepherd
36.............................
(About two lines broken away.)
COL. III
1Milk of the cattle
2he drank.
3Food they placed before him.
4He broke bread4
5gazing and looking.
6But Enkidu understood not.
7Bread to eat,
8beer to drink,
20And as I ............
21thou shalt ........ thyself.
22Come thou, arise from the ground
23unto the place yonder (?) of the shepherd.”
24He heard her speak and accepted her words with
favor.
25The advice of the woman
26fell upon his heart.
27She tore off one garment
28and clothed him with it.
29With a second garment
30she clothed herself.
31She clasped his hand,
32guiding him like ..............
33unto the mighty presence of the shepherd,
34unto the place of the ... of the sheepfolds.
35In ......... to shepherd
36.............................
(About two lines broken away.)
COL. III
1Milk of the cattle
2he drank.
3Food they placed before him.
4He broke bread4
5gazing and looking.
6But Enkidu understood not.
7Bread to eat,
8beer to drink,
Page 23
9he had not been taught.
10The hierodule opened her mouth
11and said unto Enkidu:—
12“Eat bread, oh Enkidu!
13It is the conformity of life,
14of the conditions and the fate of the land.”
15Enkidu ate bread,
16until he was satiated.
17Beer he drank
18seven times(?).
19His thoughts became unbounded and he shouted
loudly.
20His heart became joyful,
21and his face glowed.
22He stroked.................
23the hair of the head.5 His body
24with oil he anointed.
25He became like a man.
26He attired himself with clothes
27even as does a husband.
28He seized his weapon,
29which the panther and lion
30fells in the night time cruelly.
31He captured the wild mountain goats.
32The panther he conquered.
33Among the great sheep for sacrifice
34Enkidu was their guard.
35A man, a leader,
36A hero.
37Unto .......... he elevated
...........................
(About five lines broken away.)
10The hierodule opened her mouth
11and said unto Enkidu:—
12“Eat bread, oh Enkidu!
13It is the conformity of life,
14of the conditions and the fate of the land.”
15Enkidu ate bread,
16until he was satiated.
17Beer he drank
18seven times(?).
19His thoughts became unbounded and he shouted
loudly.
20His heart became joyful,
21and his face glowed.
22He stroked.................
23the hair of the head.5 His body
24with oil he anointed.
25He became like a man.
26He attired himself with clothes
27even as does a husband.
28He seized his weapon,
29which the panther and lion
30fells in the night time cruelly.
31He captured the wild mountain goats.
32The panther he conquered.
33Among the great sheep for sacrifice
34Enkidu was their guard.
35A man, a leader,
36A hero.
37Unto .......... he elevated
...........................
(About five lines broken away.)
Page 24
REVERSE I
..............................
1And he made glad.
2He lifted up his eyes,
3and beheld the man,
4and said unto the hierodule:—
5“Oh harlot, take away the man.
6Wherefore did he come to me?
7I would forget the memory of him.”
8The hierodule called unto the man
9and came unto him beholding him.
10She sorrowed and was astonished
11how his ways were ............
12Behold she opened her mouth
13saying unto Enkidu:—
14“At home with a family [to dwell??]
15is the fate of mankind.
16Thou shouldest design boundaries(??)
17for a city. The trencher-basket put (upon thy head).
18.... ......an abode of comfort.
19For the king of Erech of the wide places
20open, addressing thy speech as unto a husband.
21Unto Gilgamish king of Erech of the wide places
22open, addressing thy speech
23as unto a husband.
24He cohabits with the wife decreed for him,
25even he formerly.
26But henceforth
27in the counsel which god has spoken,
28in the work of his presence
29shall be his fate.”
..............................
1And he made glad.
2He lifted up his eyes,
3and beheld the man,
4and said unto the hierodule:—
5“Oh harlot, take away the man.
6Wherefore did he come to me?
7I would forget the memory of him.”
8The hierodule called unto the man
9and came unto him beholding him.
10She sorrowed and was astonished
11how his ways were ............
12Behold she opened her mouth
13saying unto Enkidu:—
14“At home with a family [to dwell??]
15is the fate of mankind.
16Thou shouldest design boundaries(??)
17for a city. The trencher-basket put (upon thy head).
18.... ......an abode of comfort.
19For the king of Erech of the wide places
20open, addressing thy speech as unto a husband.
21Unto Gilgamish king of Erech of the wide places
22open, addressing thy speech
23as unto a husband.
24He cohabits with the wife decreed for him,
25even he formerly.
26But henceforth
27in the counsel which god has spoken,
28in the work of his presence
29shall be his fate.”
Page 25
30At the mention of the hero
31his face became pale.
REVERSE II
............................................................
(About five lines broken away.)
1going .......................
2and the harlot ..... after him.
3He entered into the midst of Erech of the wide places.
4The artisans gathered about him.
5And as he stood in the street
6of Erech of the wide places,
7the people assembled
8disputing round about him:—
9“How is he become like Gilgamish suddenly?
10In form he is shorter.
11In ........ he is made powerful.
12
13
14Milk of the cattle
15he drank.
16Continually in the midst of Erech weapons
17the heroes purified.
18A project was instituted.
19Unto the hero whose countenance was turned away,
20unto Gilgamish like a god
21he became for him a fellow.
22For Išhara a couch
23was laid.
31his face became pale.
REVERSE II
............................................................
(About five lines broken away.)
1going .......................
2and the harlot ..... after him.
3He entered into the midst of Erech of the wide places.
4The artisans gathered about him.
5And as he stood in the street
6of Erech of the wide places,
7the people assembled
8disputing round about him:—
9“How is he become like Gilgamish suddenly?
10In form he is shorter.
11In ........ he is made powerful.
12
13
14Milk of the cattle
15he drank.
16Continually in the midst of Erech weapons
17the heroes purified.
18A project was instituted.
19Unto the hero whose countenance was turned away,
20unto Gilgamish like a god
21he became for him a fellow.
22For Išhara a couch
23was laid.
Page 26
24Gilgamish ...................
25In the night he ..............
26embracing her in sleep.
27They ........ in the street
28halting at the ................
29of Gilgamish.
30.......... mightily(?)
COL. III
1A road(?) ....................
2Gilgamish ...................
3in the plain ..................
4his hair growing thickly like the corn.
5He came forth ...
6into his presence.
7They met in the wide park of the land.
8Enkidu held fast the door
9with his foot,
10and permitted not Gilgamish to enter.
11They grappled with each other
12goring like an ox.
13The threshold they destroyed.
14The wall they demolished.
15Gilgamish and Enkidu
16grappled with each other,
17goring like an ox.
18The threshold they destroyed.
19The wall they demolished.
20Gilgamish bowed
21to the ground at his feet
22and his javelin reposed.
25In the night he ..............
26embracing her in sleep.
27They ........ in the street
28halting at the ................
29of Gilgamish.
30.......... mightily(?)
COL. III
1A road(?) ....................
2Gilgamish ...................
3in the plain ..................
4his hair growing thickly like the corn.
5He came forth ...
6into his presence.
7They met in the wide park of the land.
8Enkidu held fast the door
9with his foot,
10and permitted not Gilgamish to enter.
11They grappled with each other
12goring like an ox.
13The threshold they destroyed.
14The wall they demolished.
15Gilgamish and Enkidu
16grappled with each other,
17goring like an ox.
18The threshold they destroyed.
19The wall they demolished.
20Gilgamish bowed
21to the ground at his feet
22and his javelin reposed.
Page 27
23He turned back his breast.
24After he had turned back his breast,
25Enkidu unto that one
26spoke, even unto Gilgamish.
27“Even as one6 did thy mother
28bear thee,
29she the wild cow of the cattle stalls,
30Ninsunna,
31whose head she exalted more than a husband.
32Royal power over the people
33Enlil has decreed for thee.”
Second tablet.
Written upon ...
240 (lines).
1 Literally “he attained my front.”
2 IV¹ of walādu.
3 I.e., in the suburb of Erech.
4 patāḳu has apparently the same sense originally as batāḳu, although the one forms its preterite
iptiḳ, and the other ibtuḳ. Cf. also maḫāṣu break, hammer and construct.
5 The passage is obscure. Here šuḫuru is taken as a loan-word from suģur = ḳimmatu, hair of the
head. The infinitive II¹ of saḫāru is philologically possible.
6 I.e., an ordinary man.
24After he had turned back his breast,
25Enkidu unto that one
26spoke, even unto Gilgamish.
27“Even as one6 did thy mother
28bear thee,
29she the wild cow of the cattle stalls,
30Ninsunna,
31whose head she exalted more than a husband.
32Royal power over the people
33Enlil has decreed for thee.”
Second tablet.
Written upon ...
240 (lines).
1 Literally “he attained my front.”
2 IV¹ of walādu.
3 I.e., in the suburb of Erech.
4 patāḳu has apparently the same sense originally as batāḳu, although the one forms its preterite
iptiḳ, and the other ibtuḳ. Cf. also maḫāṣu break, hammer and construct.
5 The passage is obscure. Here šuḫuru is taken as a loan-word from suģur = ḳimmatu, hair of the
head. The infinitive II¹ of saḫāru is philologically possible.
6 I.e., an ordinary man.
Page 28
Index to Parts 2 and 3
A.
Adab, city, 123, 23.
addi, wailing, 117, 31; 137, 22; 161, 12.
aḫu, brother, 212, 36.
Aja, goddess, 198, 9.
al (giš), al-gar (giš), a musical instrument, 187–191. See also No. 20 Rev. 7–
12. al-bi, compound verb, 189 n. 6. In Ni. 8164 (unpublished) al-gar, al-gar-
balag in list with (giš)-á-lá, also an instrument of music.
alad, protecting genius, 154, 18.
ameliš, like a man, 215, 25.
Amurrû, god. Psalm to, 118; 119.
angubba, sentinel, 180, 14.
Anu, god. 116, 18:26 ff. 131, 8; 165, 9; 180, 20.
Anunnaki, gods, 114, 17:21; 116, 25; 116 n. 7; 128, 13; 135, 31; 189, 21.
Anunit, goddess, 158, 12; 166, 2.
apunnatu, nostrils, pitiḳ, apunnāti, 217, 28.
aṣṣammim (?), 215, 18.
A.
Adab, city, 123, 23.
addi, wailing, 117, 31; 137, 22; 161, 12.
aḫu, brother, 212, 36.
Aja, goddess, 198, 9.
al (giš), al-gar (giš), a musical instrument, 187–191. See also No. 20 Rev. 7–
12. al-bi, compound verb, 189 n. 6. In Ni. 8164 (unpublished) al-gar, al-gar-
balag in list with (giš)-á-lá, also an instrument of music.
alad, protecting genius, 154, 18.
ameliš, like a man, 215, 25.
Amurrû, god. Psalm to, 118; 119.
angubba, sentinel, 180, 14.
Anu, god. 116, 18:26 ff. 131, 8; 165, 9; 180, 20.
Anunnaki, gods, 114, 17:21; 116, 25; 116 n. 7; 128, 13; 135, 31; 189, 21.
Anunit, goddess, 158, 12; 166, 2.
apunnatu, nostrils, pitiḳ, apunnāti, 217, 28.
aṣṣammim (?), 215, 18.
Page 29
Arallû, 132, 26; 134, 7.
arāmu, cover, 198 n. 2.
arāḳu, be pale, Prt. iriku, 217, 31.
arḫiš, quickly, 199, 28.
Aruru, goddess. Lamentation to, 115. Sister of Enlil, 115, 2; 171, 29; 190,
25. Other references, 116, 13:15:18; 117, 34 f.
Asarludug, god, 163, 8; 170, 4.
Aš-im-ur, title of Moon-god, 136, 12. áš omitted, No. 19, 2.
aš-me, disk, 133, 38.
Ašširgi, god, No. 22, Rev. 7.
Azagsud, goddess, 196, 30:33; 197, 38.
B.
Babbar, god, 116, 24; 139, 43; 147, 21; 148, 3; 152.
Babylon, city, 158, 14; 160, 6; 163, 8; 166, 4:11.
badara, see 200 n. 2. badarani, a weapon, 133, 36.
balag, lyre, 138, 52.
bansur, table; title of a goddess, 175, 3.
Bau, goddess, 179, 2; 181, 30; 182, 32; 141, 7:10.
bišîtu, condition, 215, 14.
arāmu, cover, 198 n. 2.
arāḳu, be pale, Prt. iriku, 217, 31.
arḫiš, quickly, 199, 28.
Aruru, goddess. Lamentation to, 115. Sister of Enlil, 115, 2; 171, 29; 190,
25. Other references, 116, 13:15:18; 117, 34 f.
Asarludug, god, 163, 8; 170, 4.
Aš-im-ur, title of Moon-god, 136, 12. áš omitted, No. 19, 2.
aš-me, disk, 133, 38.
Ašširgi, god, No. 22, Rev. 7.
Azagsud, goddess, 196, 30:33; 197, 38.
B.
Babbar, god, 116, 24; 139, 43; 147, 21; 148, 3; 152.
Babylon, city, 158, 14; 160, 6; 163, 8; 166, 4:11.
badara, see 200 n. 2. badarani, a weapon, 133, 36.
balag, lyre, 138, 52.
bansur, table; title of a goddess, 175, 3.
Bau, goddess, 179, 2; 181, 30; 182, 32; 141, 7:10.
bišîtu, condition, 215, 14.
Page 30
bi’u, cavern, 196, 29.
bulukku, crab, 174, 5.
burgul, engraver, 185, 8.
C.
Cutha, city. Center of the cult of Nergal, 167, 15.
D.
Dada, god, 192, 6.
Dagan, West Semitic god, 149, 21.
Damu, title of Tammuz, 176, 7.
Deification of kings, 106–9; 127 n. 1.
dêpu, shatter, 195 n. 16.
DI-BAL, ideogram in incantations, 194, 10.
Dilbat, city, 167, 16.
Dilmun, land and city, 112, 2:4.
dimgul, dimdul, master workman, 150.
dingir-gal-gal-e-ne, the great gods, the Anunnaki, 114, 21:125; 149, 19.
dumu-anna, daughter of heaven, title of Bau, 179, 5; 181, 28; 184, 28.
bulukku, crab, 174, 5.
burgul, engraver, 185, 8.
C.
Cutha, city. Center of the cult of Nergal, 167, 15.
D.
Dada, god, 192, 6.
Dagan, West Semitic god, 149, 21.
Damu, title of Tammuz, 176, 7.
Deification of kings, 106–9; 127 n. 1.
dêpu, shatter, 195 n. 16.
DI-BAL, ideogram in incantations, 194, 10.
Dilbat, city, 167, 16.
Dilmun, land and city, 112, 2:4.
dimgul, dimdul, master workman, 150.
dingir-gal-gal-e-ne, the great gods, the Anunnaki, 114, 21:125; 149, 19.
dumu-anna, daughter of heaven, title of Bau, 179, 5; 181, 28; 184, 28.
Page 31
dumu-sag, title of Tašmet, 163, 12.
Dungi, king of Ur, liturgy to, 136.
dupšakku, trencher basket, 216, 17.
Duranki, epithet for Nippur, 122, 18; 180, 11.
E.
E-anna, temple in Erech, 123, 30; 125; 148, 12; 213, 18.
E-babbar, temple of the sun god, 152; 158, 11; 166, 1. Perhaps read E-barra.
E-daranna, temple of Enki in Babylon, 169, 25; 170, 29. See BL. 133.
edēlu = edēru, be gloomy, 216, 10.
é-dub, house of learning, 117, 39.
é-gal, palace, No. 19, Rev. 3; 115, 11; 131, 7; 134, 22; 158, 9.
é-gig = ḳiṣṣu, 191, 11.
E-ibe-Anu, temple in Dilbat, 167, 16.
E-kinammaka, temple, 115, 10.
E-kišibba, temple in Kish, 166, 13.
E-kur, temple, 180, 12; 183, 23; 190, 7; 146, 9; 147, 17; 158, 8; 160, 4; 166,
17; 169, 23.
Emaḫ, Ešmaḫ, ritual house of the water cult of Marduk, 163, 7; 115, 4.
E-malga-sud, temple, 181, 24; 141, 3.
Dungi, king of Ur, liturgy to, 136.
dupšakku, trencher basket, 216, 17.
Duranki, epithet for Nippur, 122, 18; 180, 11.
E.
E-anna, temple in Erech, 123, 30; 125; 148, 12; 213, 18.
E-babbar, temple of the sun god, 152; 158, 11; 166, 1. Perhaps read E-barra.
E-daranna, temple of Enki in Babylon, 169, 25; 170, 29. See BL. 133.
edēlu = edēru, be gloomy, 216, 10.
é-dub, house of learning, 117, 39.
é-gal, palace, No. 19, Rev. 3; 115, 11; 131, 7; 134, 22; 158, 9.
é-gig = ḳiṣṣu, 191, 11.
E-ibe-Anu, temple in Dilbat, 167, 16.
E-kinammaka, temple, 115, 10.
E-kišibba, temple in Kish, 166, 13.
E-kur, temple, 180, 12; 183, 23; 190, 7; 146, 9; 147, 17; 158, 8; 160, 4; 166,
17; 169, 23.
Emaḫ, Ešmaḫ, ritual house of the water cult of Marduk, 163, 7; 115, 4.
E-malga-sud, temple, 181, 24; 141, 3.
Page 32
E-meteg, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
E-mete-ursag, temple in Kish, 166, 13.
E-namtila, temple, 160, 4; 169, 24.
en-a-nu-un, en-á-nun, title of Innini and Gula, 173, 2.
Enbilulu, title of Marduk, 170, 5.
E-ninnû, temple, 181, 22.
EN-ḪUL-tim-mu, 194 n. 2.
EN-KA-KA, bêl dabābi, 194, 2.
Enki, god. Hymn to, No. 20, 113, 7; 114, 10; 116, 21; 122, 7; 149, 16.
Enkidu, satyr, 213, 3:7:10:11; 214, 6; 215, 11:12:15:34; 216, 13; 219,
8:15:25; 131, 11; 134, 16; 178, 13.
Enlil, god. Liturgy to, 155–184. Regarded as god of light, 157, 1 ff. 158, 3 f.
Other references, 114, 19; 115, 2; 116, 19; 131, 6; 136, 5; 139, 40; 149, 22;
146, 3:7:14; 189, 11:19; 220, 33.
Enul, god, 149, 16.
Enzu, god, 139, 41; 146, 3.
epšānu, deeds, 218, 18.
epû, be dark, I² itêpû, 196, 29.
Erech, city, 125; 149, 13. Erech ribîtim, 212, 28; 213, 15; 217, 19:21; 217,
3:6.
eri-azag, holy city, Isin, 141, 8.
erida, title, 175, 1.
E-mete-ursag, temple in Kish, 166, 13.
E-namtila, temple, 160, 4; 169, 24.
en-a-nu-un, en-á-nun, title of Innini and Gula, 173, 2.
Enbilulu, title of Marduk, 170, 5.
E-ninnû, temple, 181, 22.
EN-ḪUL-tim-mu, 194 n. 2.
EN-KA-KA, bêl dabābi, 194, 2.
Enki, god. Hymn to, No. 20, 113, 7; 114, 10; 116, 21; 122, 7; 149, 16.
Enkidu, satyr, 213, 3:7:10:11; 214, 6; 215, 11:12:15:34; 216, 13; 219,
8:15:25; 131, 11; 134, 16; 178, 13.
Enlil, god. Liturgy to, 155–184. Regarded as god of light, 157, 1 ff. 158, 3 f.
Other references, 114, 19; 115, 2; 116, 19; 131, 6; 136, 5; 139, 40; 149, 22;
146, 3:7:14; 189, 11:19; 220, 33.
Enul, god, 149, 16.
Enzu, god, 139, 41; 146, 3.
epšānu, deeds, 218, 18.
epû, be dark, I² itêpû, 196, 29.
Erech, city, 125; 149, 13. Erech ribîtim, 212, 28; 213, 15; 217, 19:21; 217,
3:6.
eri-azag, holy city, Isin, 141, 8.
erida, title, 175, 1.
Page 33
Eridu, city, 113, 20; 136, 13.
Erishkigal, goddess, 131, 10; 134, 11.
eršagtugmal, penitential psalm, 118.
E-sagila, temple, 152.
E-sakudkalamma, temple, 166, 10; 169 n. 4.
ešendili, a title, 177, 10.
eškar, fixed tax, 188, 9.
eš-lal, a sacred place, 161, 14.
E-temen-anki, temple, 169, 25.
E-turkalamma, temple, 166, 14.
Euphrates, river, 183, 12; 183, 20.
E-zida, temple, 166, 12.
Ezina, grain goddess, 174, 9.
Ezira, reading of the divine name KA-DI, 177, 11.
F.
Fara, modern Arabic name for the site of Isin (?), 177 n. 4.
G.
Erishkigal, goddess, 131, 10; 134, 11.
eršagtugmal, penitential psalm, 118.
E-sagila, temple, 152.
E-sakudkalamma, temple, 166, 10; 169 n. 4.
ešendili, a title, 177, 10.
eškar, fixed tax, 188, 9.
eš-lal, a sacred place, 161, 14.
E-temen-anki, temple, 169, 25.
E-turkalamma, temple, 166, 14.
Euphrates, river, 183, 12; 183, 20.
E-zida, temple, 166, 12.
Ezina, grain goddess, 174, 9.
Ezira, reading of the divine name KA-DI, 177, 11.
F.
Fara, modern Arabic name for the site of Isin (?), 177 n. 4.
G.
Page 34
GAB, baked bread, 200, 33.
GAB-LAL, a cake made with honey, 195, 22; 200, 35.
GAR-šunnu = epišan-šunu, 198, 13.
gašan-gula, title of Ninâ, 119 n. 2.
gepar, dark chamber, 123, 30 f., 148, 10; 161, 18.
Gibil, god, 197, 3.
gi-gál(giš),interlude, 151 n. 1; 182, 33.
gigunna, 114, 23.
Gilgamish, king of Erech, 207; 211, 1:115 f. 212, 17:37; 213, 2; 217, 21;
218, 9:20:24:29 and below 2; 219, 10;15:20:26. Derivation of name, 208.
See also No. 16 Rev. II 15; 197, 42; 124 f.
gilsa, a sacred relic, 132, 22.
Girra, Irra, god, 174, 7; 177, 12.
girru, lion, 215, 29.
Girsu, city, 181, 23.
Guanna, deity, No. 16 Rev. II 18.
Guedin, province, 129, 28.
Gunura, goddess of healing, 176, 6.
gupru, mighty, 214, 33.
Gutium, land, 120 ff.
GAB-LAL, a cake made with honey, 195, 22; 200, 35.
GAR-šunnu = epišan-šunu, 198, 13.
gašan-gula, title of Ninâ, 119 n. 2.
gepar, dark chamber, 123, 30 f., 148, 10; 161, 18.
Gibil, god, 197, 3.
gi-gál(giš),interlude, 151 n. 1; 182, 33.
gigunna, 114, 23.
Gilgamish, king of Erech, 207; 211, 1:115 f. 212, 17:37; 213, 2; 217, 21;
218, 9:20:24:29 and below 2; 219, 10;15:20:26. Derivation of name, 208.
See also No. 16 Rev. II 15; 197, 42; 124 f.
gilsa, a sacred relic, 132, 22.
Girra, Irra, god, 174, 7; 177, 12.
girru, lion, 215, 29.
Girsu, city, 181, 23.
Guanna, deity, No. 16 Rev. II 18.
Guedin, province, 129, 28.
Gunura, goddess of healing, 176, 6.
gupru, mighty, 214, 33.
Gutium, land, 120 ff.
Page 35
H.
Hallab, city, 125; 141.
ḫanābu, grow thickly, Prs. ibannib, 219, 4.
ḫapāpu, embrace, 212, 34.
ḫaṣṣinu, axe, 212, 29:31.
ḫarbatu, waste place, 200, 39.
Harsagkalamma, temple, 166, 14.
Hubur, mythical river, 197, 42.
ḫûlu, a bird, 199, 31.
ḫûḳu, a bird, 199, 31.
I.
Ibi-Sin, king of Ur, 151 n. 2.
ibsi, liturgical expression, 120, 5.
Igigi, heaven spirits, 116 n. 6.
IGI-NAGIN-NA, 194, 11.
imib, weapon, 131, 8. mi-ib, ibid. n.3.
imin, seven. Seven lands, 130, 35; seventh day, 134, 18.
Immer, god, 177, 8.
Indag, god, consort of Gula, 173, 3.
Hallab, city, 125; 141.
ḫanābu, grow thickly, Prs. ibannib, 219, 4.
ḫapāpu, embrace, 212, 34.
ḫaṣṣinu, axe, 212, 29:31.
ḫarbatu, waste place, 200, 39.
Harsagkalamma, temple, 166, 14.
Hubur, mythical river, 197, 42.
ḫûlu, a bird, 199, 31.
ḫûḳu, a bird, 199, 31.
I.
Ibi-Sin, king of Ur, 151 n. 2.
ibsi, liturgical expression, 120, 5.
Igigi, heaven spirits, 116 n. 6.
IGI-NAGIN-NA, 194, 11.
imib, weapon, 131, 8. mi-ib, ibid. n.3.
imin, seven. Seven lands, 130, 35; seventh day, 134, 18.
Immer, god, 177, 8.
Indag, god, consort of Gula, 173, 3.
Page 36
Innini, goddess, 123. Liturgy to, 184; 123, 29. Consort of Shamash, 148, 4.
Other references, 154, 21.
iṣṣur šamê, unclean birds, 195 n. 10.
Išhara, goddess, 218, 22.
Isin, city, 122, 15; 176, 4.
Ishme-Dagan, 178 ff. Son of Enlil, 181, 29; 182, 32. Liturgy to, 143.
K.
KA-DIB-BI, sibit pî, 194, 10.
KAK-DIG, a weapon, 130, 4.
kakkitu (?), weapon. Pl. kakkiatum, 218, 16.
KAK-SIR, a weapon (?), 130, 4.
kalama, the Land, Sumer, 138, 25; 141, 5; 147, 22; 150, 4; 154, 17; 177, 9.
kanami=kalama, land, 120, 8.
KA-NE, a new ideograph, 153 n. 10.
kasû, bind. I² liktisu, 198, 20.
Kenurra, chapel of Ninlil, 114, 22; 123, 20; 160, 4; 166, 18; 166, 8; 169, 24.
Keš, city, 115, 11; 123, 22.
kešda-azag, a relic, 132, 27.
ki, kin for gim = kima, 120, 6.
Other references, 154, 21.
iṣṣur šamê, unclean birds, 195 n. 10.
Išhara, goddess, 218, 22.
Isin, city, 122, 15; 176, 4.
Ishme-Dagan, 178 ff. Son of Enlil, 181, 29; 182, 32. Liturgy to, 143.
K.
KA-DIB-BI, sibit pî, 194, 10.
KAK-DIG, a weapon, 130, 4.
kakkitu (?), weapon. Pl. kakkiatum, 218, 16.
KAK-SIR, a weapon (?), 130, 4.
kalama, the Land, Sumer, 138, 25; 141, 5; 147, 22; 150, 4; 154, 17; 177, 9.
kanami=kalama, land, 120, 8.
KA-NE, a new ideograph, 153 n. 10.
kasû, bind. I² liktisu, 198, 20.
Kenurra, chapel of Ninlil, 114, 22; 123, 20; 160, 4; 166, 18; 166, 8; 169, 24.
Keš, city, 115, 11; 123, 22.
kešda-azag, a relic, 132, 27.
ki, kin for gim = kima, 120, 6.
Page 37
KI-AG-MAL, râmu, 194 n. 4.
Kidurkazal, daughter of Ninkasi, 145.
ki-malla, to bend. tig-zu ki-ma-al-la nu-gí-gí, “Thy neck wearies not in
bending,” 168, 2. [Correct the translation.]
ki-in-gin, ki-en-gin, Sumer, 115, 24; 134, 19; 189, 17.
KI-SAR, ḳaḳḳara tašabbiṭ, 199, 29.
Kish, city, 129, 30; 166, 12. é kiš-(ki)-šú, so read, No. 5 Obv. 8.
Kullab, city, 149, 14; 173, 1.
kunin, gunin, reed basket, 150 n. 3.
kurgal, “great mountain,” title of Sumer, 114, 11. Of Enlil, 114, 19; 182, 5.
KURUN-NA, (amelu), 196, 34.
KUŠ-KU-MAL, 194, 11.
L.
la’aṭu, gore. Prt. ilûdu, 219, 12:17.
labu, panther, 215, 29:32.
Lagash, city, 181, 23:26.
Laḫama, goddess of Chaos, 113, 5.
Laws, promulgated by Dungi, 138, 31.
Libit-Ishtar, king, 141.
Kidurkazal, daughter of Ninkasi, 145.
ki-malla, to bend. tig-zu ki-ma-al-la nu-gí-gí, “Thy neck wearies not in
bending,” 168, 2. [Correct the translation.]
ki-in-gin, ki-en-gin, Sumer, 115, 24; 134, 19; 189, 17.
KI-SAR, ḳaḳḳara tašabbiṭ, 199, 29.
Kish, city, 129, 30; 166, 12. é kiš-(ki)-šú, so read, No. 5 Obv. 8.
Kullab, city, 149, 14; 173, 1.
kunin, gunin, reed basket, 150 n. 3.
kurgal, “great mountain,” title of Sumer, 114, 11. Of Enlil, 114, 19; 182, 5.
KURUN-NA, (amelu), 196, 34.
KUŠ-KU-MAL, 194, 11.
L.
la’aṭu, gore. Prt. ilûdu, 219, 12:17.
labu, panther, 215, 29:32.
Lagash, city, 181, 23:26.
Laḫama, goddess of Chaos, 113, 5.
Laws, promulgated by Dungi, 138, 31.
Libit-Ishtar, king, 141.
Page 38
libšu, garment, 214, 27:29; 215, 26.
Ligirsig, a god, 113, 3.
lilazag, epithet of a deified king, 141, 1.
Lillaenna, goddess, 192, 5.
limēnu, be evil. II¹ ulammenu-inni, 197, 7.
Lugal-dīg, god, 197, 5.
lu’ûtu, pollution, 195, 19.
M.
Magan, land, 112, 2:5.
mai̭ālu, couch, 218, 22.
malāšu, shear, 195, 20.
Mamit, 200, 41.
mandatu, form, 195, 21.
mal-gar (gi), a musical instrument, 191, 10.
mangu, disease, 195, 19.
Marduk, god, 151.
markasu, leader, 150.
masû, seize, 195 n. 5.
mašû, to forget, 216, 7.
Ligirsig, a god, 113, 3.
lilazag, epithet of a deified king, 141, 1.
Lillaenna, goddess, 192, 5.
limēnu, be evil. II¹ ulammenu-inni, 197, 7.
Lugal-dīg, god, 197, 5.
lu’ûtu, pollution, 195, 19.
M.
Magan, land, 112, 2:5.
mai̭ālu, couch, 218, 22.
malāšu, shear, 195, 20.
Mamit, 200, 41.
mandatu, form, 195, 21.
mal-gar (gi), a musical instrument, 191, 10.
mangu, disease, 195, 19.
Marduk, god, 151.
markasu, leader, 150.
masû, seize, 195 n. 5.
mašû, to forget, 216, 7.
Page 39
Me-azag, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
meḫru, fellow, 218, 21.
Meḫuš, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Meluḫḫa, land, 112, 6.
Meslam, temple in Cutha, 167, 15.
mesû, a tree, 159, 23.
muk, now, but now, 217, 26.
Mulgenna, Saturn, 137, 18.
Mulmul, gods, 142.
N.
nâdu, water bottle, 198, 17.
nadîtu, temple devotee, 188, 7.
nagû, shout. Prs. inangu, 215, 19.
nâku, embrace, 218, 26.
namaštû, cattle, etc., 213, 12:17; 214, 1; 219, 14.
Namtar, god, 197, 3; 132, 24.
Nangt, goddess, 192, 7.
Nannar, god, 115, 12; 116, 23; 133, 38; 137, 11; 150, 2.
Nergal, god, 131, 6.
meḫru, fellow, 218, 21.
Meḫuš, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Meluḫḫa, land, 112, 6.
Meslam, temple in Cutha, 167, 15.
mesû, a tree, 159, 23.
muk, now, but now, 217, 26.
Mulgenna, Saturn, 137, 18.
Mulmul, gods, 142.
N.
nâdu, water bottle, 198, 17.
nadîtu, temple devotee, 188, 7.
nagû, shout. Prs. inangu, 215, 19.
nâku, embrace, 218, 26.
namaštû, cattle, etc., 213, 12:17; 214, 1; 219, 14.
Namtar, god, 197, 3; 132, 24.
Nangt, goddess, 192, 7.
Nannar, god, 115, 12; 116, 23; 133, 38; 137, 11; 150, 2.
Nergal, god, 131, 6.
Page 40
Nidaba, goddess, 191.
ni-gál, cattle, 121, 6.
nimir = ligir, 174, 4.
ninda, linear measure, 133, 41.
Ningal, goddess, No. 19, 5; 148, 3; 151, 3.
Ningišzida, god, 133, 34.
Nin-isinna, goddess, 122, 16; 191, 15.
Ninkasi, goddess, 144.
Ninki, goddess, 149, 16.
Ninlil, goddess, 116, 20; 123, 20; 137, 12; 146, 14.
Ninmada, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Ninmaḫ, goddess, 116, 22.
Ninmenna, epithet of Damgalnunna, 190, 27.
Ninsun, goddess, 219, 30; 208 n. 6; 129; 131, 16 (?).
Nintudri, goddess, 123, 26. Nintudra, 137, 16. Creatress of man and woman,
192.
Ninul, goddess, 149, 16.
Ninurašâ, god, 191, 12; 146, 12.
Ninzuanna, goddess, 122, 13.
Nippur, city, 112, 8; 122, 18:19; 160, 3; 169, 21; 180, 11; 149, 18; 158, 7;
165, 16.
ni-gál, cattle, 121, 6.
nimir = ligir, 174, 4.
ninda, linear measure, 133, 41.
Ningal, goddess, No. 19, 5; 148, 3; 151, 3.
Ningišzida, god, 133, 34.
Nin-isinna, goddess, 122, 16; 191, 15.
Ninkasi, goddess, 144.
Ninki, goddess, 149, 16.
Ninlil, goddess, 116, 20; 123, 20; 137, 12; 146, 14.
Ninmada, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Ninmaḫ, goddess, 116, 22.
Ninmenna, epithet of Damgalnunna, 190, 27.
Ninsun, goddess, 219, 30; 208 n. 6; 129; 131, 16 (?).
Nintudri, goddess, 123, 26. Nintudra, 137, 16. Creatress of man and woman,
192.
Ninul, goddess, 149, 16.
Ninurašâ, god, 191, 12; 146, 12.
Ninzuanna, goddess, 122, 13.
Nippur, city, 112, 8; 122, 18:19; 160, 3; 169, 21; 180, 11; 149, 18; 158, 7;
165, 16.
Page 41
NI-SUR (amelu), 196, 35.
Nudimmud, god, 199, 25. No. 20, 10.
nugiganna, epithet of Innini, 185, 2.
nûn apsi, unclean fish, 195 n. 11.
Nunamnirri, god, 190, 28; 146, 13; 180, 10:13:17.
nun-ùr, epithet of Amurrû, 119, 3.
Nusiligga, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Nusku, god, 146, 7; 163, 13.
P.
Pabilsag, god. Son and consort of Gula, 173 n. 3; 176, 5. A form of Tammuz.
pananumma, formerly, 217, 25.
Panunnaki, goddess, consort of Marduk, 163, 9.
patāḳu, fashion, break, 214, 4.
paturru, a weapon, 200, 37.
Pleiades, 142.
R.
ratātu, demolish, 219, 19.
Nudimmud, god, 199, 25. No. 20, 10.
nugiganna, epithet of Innini, 185, 2.
nûn apsi, unclean fish, 195 n. 11.
Nunamnirri, god, 190, 28; 146, 13; 180, 10:13:17.
nun-ùr, epithet of Amurrû, 119, 3.
Nusiligga, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Nusku, god, 146, 7; 163, 13.
P.
Pabilsag, god. Son and consort of Gula, 173 n. 3; 176, 5. A form of Tammuz.
pananumma, formerly, 217, 25.
Panunnaki, goddess, consort of Marduk, 163, 9.
patāḳu, fashion, break, 214, 4.
paturru, a weapon, 200, 37.
Pleiades, 142.
R.
ratātu, demolish, 219, 19.
Page 42
Rimat ilatNinsun, 208 n. 6; 219, 29.
Ruškišag, goddess, 132, 28.
RU-TIG, an epithet, 141, 2.
S.
sa-bar; sa-sud-da, liturgical note, 182, 31.
šabšiš, cruelly, 215, 30.
Sagilla, temple, 158, 15. E-sagila, 160, 5; 166, 5; 166, 11.
šaḫātu, be astounded, 216, 10. Arabic saḫiṭa.
ṣai̭āḫatu, desire, comfort, 216, 18.
šakāpu, fell. I² išsakpu, 215, 30.
ṣalûtu, enmity, 199, 27.
Šamaš, god, 197, 4:8; 198, 10:13; 199, 25:31.
Šamaš-šum-ukin, king. Incantations for, 193–200; 199, 23.
Samsuiluna, king, 151.
SAR-DI-DA, a relic, 133, 37.
Serpent adversary, 183, 21; 148, 12.
Seven, sacred number. Seven gods, 196, 30.
Ship, in legend, 113, 2.
Silsirsir, a chapel.
Ruškišag, goddess, 132, 28.
RU-TIG, an epithet, 141, 2.
S.
sa-bar; sa-sud-da, liturgical note, 182, 31.
šabšiš, cruelly, 215, 30.
Sagilla, temple, 158, 15. E-sagila, 160, 5; 166, 5; 166, 11.
šaḫātu, be astounded, 216, 10. Arabic saḫiṭa.
ṣai̭āḫatu, desire, comfort, 216, 18.
šakāpu, fell. I² išsakpu, 215, 30.
ṣalûtu, enmity, 199, 27.
Šamaš, god, 197, 4:8; 198, 10:13; 199, 25:31.
Šamaš-šum-ukin, king. Incantations for, 193–200; 199, 23.
Samsuiluna, king, 151.
SAR-DI-DA, a relic, 133, 37.
Serpent adversary, 183, 21; 148, 12.
Seven, sacred number. Seven gods, 196, 30.
Ship, in legend, 113, 2.
Silsirsir, a chapel.
Page 43
Sin, god. Hymn to, No. 19.
sippu, threshold, 219, 13:18.
Sippar, city, 158, 10; 160, 5; 166, 19.
sirgidda, long song, 140, 54.
Siriš, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Siriškaš, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Siriškašgig, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
sirsagga, first melody, 117, 28; 139, 48.
ŠU-AN = kat ili, 194, 12. See also ŠU-dINNINI, 194, 12.
ŠU-NAM-ERIM-MA, 194, 13.
ŠU-NAM-LU-GAL-LU, 194, 13.
subura, earth, 175, 3.
su-ud, sú-ud-ám, epithet of goddess of Šuruppak, 177, 10 and note 4.
šuḫuru, hair (?), 215, 23.
sukkal-zid, title of Nebo, 163, 10.
Šulpae, god, No. 16 II 22.
Sumer, land, 113, 21; 114, 11; 136, 2.
sumugan, title of Girra, 177, 12 and note; 179, 3.
T.
sippu, threshold, 219, 13:18.
Sippar, city, 158, 10; 160, 5; 166, 19.
sirgidda, long song, 140, 54.
Siriš, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Siriškaš, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
Siriškašgig, daughter of Ninkasi, 144.
sirsagga, first melody, 117, 28; 139, 48.
ŠU-AN = kat ili, 194, 12. See also ŠU-dINNINI, 194, 12.
ŠU-NAM-ERIM-MA, 194, 13.
ŠU-NAM-LU-GAL-LU, 194, 13.
subura, earth, 175, 3.
su-ud, sú-ud-ám, epithet of goddess of Šuruppak, 177, 10 and note 4.
šuḫuru, hair (?), 215, 23.
sukkal-zid, title of Nebo, 163, 10.
Šulpae, god, No. 16 II 22.
Sumer, land, 113, 21; 114, 11; 136, 2.
sumugan, title of Girra, 177, 12 and note; 179, 3.
T.
Page 44
Tablet of fates, 132 n. 3.
Tammuz, ancient ruler, 208. Liturgy to, 191. Other references, 126; 208;
131, 20.
tapāšu, seize, capture, II² uttappiš, 215, 31.
temēru, cook, 196, 35.
Tigris, river, 183, 12.
Tummal, land, 190, 9; 191, 10.
U.
ud, spirit, word, 150, 1:4; 158, 16; 159, 17:24.
ul-al-tar, 191 n. 6.
ulinnu, girdle cord, 195, 20.
Ulmaš, temple of Anunit, 158, 13; 166, 3.
Ur, city, 134, 21; 137, 6. Lamentation for, 150. Other references, No. 19,
4:7:8:16:28: Rev. 5; 151, 3.
Ur-azag, king of Isin (?), 140 n. 2.
Ur-Engur, king of Ur, 126 ff.
urinu, spear (?), 173, 3.
ursaggal, epithet for Ninurašā, 165, 11. For Enbilulu, 170, 5.
ušumgal, 117, 33.
Tammuz, ancient ruler, 208. Liturgy to, 191. Other references, 126; 208;
131, 20.
tapāšu, seize, capture, II² uttappiš, 215, 31.
temēru, cook, 196, 35.
Tigris, river, 183, 12.
Tummal, land, 190, 9; 191, 10.
U.
ud, spirit, word, 150, 1:4; 158, 16; 159, 17:24.
ul-al-tar, 191 n. 6.
ulinnu, girdle cord, 195, 20.
Ulmaš, temple of Anunit, 158, 13; 166, 3.
Ur, city, 134, 21; 137, 6. Lamentation for, 150. Other references, No. 19,
4:7:8:16:28: Rev. 5; 151, 3.
Ur-azag, king of Isin (?), 140 n. 2.
Ur-Engur, king of Ur, 126 ff.
urinu, spear (?), 173, 3.
ursaggal, epithet for Ninurašā, 165, 11. For Enbilulu, 170, 5.
ušumgal, 117, 33.
Page 45
Z.
zâbu, flow. li-zu-bu, 198, 16. Cf. gàm = za’ibu, miṭirtu, words for canal,
SAI. 691–3.
zag-sal, liturgical note, 103 f. No. 21 end.
za-am, 138, 34; 139, 38; 140, 56.
zênu, be enraged, II¹ uzinu-inni, 197, 6.
ZI-TAR-RU-DA = nikis napišti, 194 n. 6.
zâbu, flow. li-zu-bu, 198, 16. Cf. gàm = za’ibu, miṭirtu, words for canal,
SAI. 691–3.
zag-sal, liturgical note, 103 f. No. 21 end.
za-am, 138, 34; 139, 38; 140, 56.
zênu, be enraged, II¹ uzinu-inni, 197, 6.
ZI-TAR-RU-DA = nikis napišti, 194 n. 6.
Page 46
Description of Tablets
Number in this volume. 1
Museum number. 7771
Description.
Dark brown unbaked tablet. Three columns. Lower edge slightly broken.
Knobs at left upper and left lower corners to facilitate the holding of the
tablet. H. 7 inches: W. 6½; T. 1½. Second tablet of the Epic of Gilgamish.
Number in this volume. 1
Museum number. 7771
Description.
Dark brown unbaked tablet. Three columns. Lower edge slightly broken.
Knobs at left upper and left lower corners to facilitate the holding of the
tablet. H. 7 inches: W. 6½; T. 1½. Second tablet of the Epic of Gilgamish.
Page 47
Autograph Plates
Plate LXIII.
Plate LXIII.
Page 48
Page 49
Plate LXIV.
Page 50
Page 51
Plate LXV.
Page 52
Page 53
Plate LXVI.
Page 54
Page 55
Plate LXVII.
Page 56
Page 57
Plate LXVIII.
Page 58
Page 59
Plate LXIX.
Tablet of the Gilgamish Epic (Obverse)
Plate LXX.
Tablet of the Gilgamish Epic (Obverse)
Plate LXX.
Page 60
Tablet of the Gilgamish Epic (Reverse)
Page 61
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE EPIC OF
GILGAMISH ***
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright royalties.
Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license,
apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic
works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and
trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not
be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of
the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project
Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this
eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may
use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative
works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks
may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically
ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S.
copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license,
especially commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE
GILGAMISH ***
Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.
Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works,
so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United
States without permission and without paying copyright royalties.
Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license,
apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic
works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and
trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not
be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of
the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project
Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this
eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may
use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative
works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks
may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically
ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S.
copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license,
especially commercial redistribution.
START: FULL LICENSE
Page 62
THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG™ LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing
Project Gutenberg electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg electronic
work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept
all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg electronic works in your possession. If
you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this
agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom
you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people
who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg electronic
works. See paragraph 1.E below.
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.
Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing
Project Gutenberg electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg electronic
work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept
all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg electronic works in your possession. If
you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this
agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom
you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people
who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See
paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg electronic
works. See paragraph 1.E below.
Page 63
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in
the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg works
in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project
Gutenberg name associated with the work. You can easily comply with
the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format
with its attached full Project Gutenberg License when you share it
without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country other than the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg work (any work on which
the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase
“Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in
the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not
claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing,
displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as
all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope
that you will support the Project Gutenberg mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg works
in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project
Gutenberg name associated with the work. You can easily comply with
the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format
with its attached full Project Gutenberg License when you share it
without charge with others.
1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are
in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States,
check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this
agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing,
distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any
other Project Gutenberg work. The Foundation makes no
representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any
country other than the United States.
1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg work (any work on which
the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase
“Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:
Page 64
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License included with
this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located
in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
country where you are located before using this eBook.
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg electronic work is derived
from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a
notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright
holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United
States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or
providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”
associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with
the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain
permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg License for all works posted
with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of
this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg License.
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License included with
this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located
in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
country where you are located before using this eBook.
1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg electronic work is derived
from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a
notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright
holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United
States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or
providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”
associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with
the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain
permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg License for all works posted
with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of
this work.
1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg License.
Page 65
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide
access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg work in a format
other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of
obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg electronic works provided
that:
• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the
use of Project Gutenberg works calculated using the method you
already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the
owner of the Project Gutenberg trademark, but he has agreed to donate
royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days
following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to
prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly
marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about
donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”
• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does
not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You
must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide
access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg work in a format
other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official
version posted on the official Project Gutenberg website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of
obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg electronic works provided
that:
• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the
use of Project Gutenberg works calculated using the method you
already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the
owner of the Project Gutenberg trademark, but he has agreed to donate
royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days
following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to
prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly
marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about
donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”
• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does
not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You
must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works
Page 66
possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all
access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.
• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
receipt of the work.
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution
of Project Gutenberg™ works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth
in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the
Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in
Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend
considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and
proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the
Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be
stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete,
inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES -
Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in
paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation,
the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party
distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this
agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and
access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.
• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
receipt of the work.
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution
of Project Gutenberg™ works.
1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth
in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the
Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in
Section 3 below.
1.F.
1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend
considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and
proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the
Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be
stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete,
inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other
intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or
other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.
1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES -
Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in
paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation,
the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party
distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this
agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and
Page 67
expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO
REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH
OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE
FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you
discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it,
you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return
the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that
provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a
replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu
of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a
refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If
any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law
of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH
OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE
FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you
discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it,
you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return
the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that
provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a
replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu
of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a
refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.
1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If
any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law
of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
Page 68
the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the
Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability,
costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly
from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a)
distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg work, (b) alteration,
modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg work,
and (c) any Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project
Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg’s goals
and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg collection will remain freely
available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and
permanent future for Project Gutenberg and future generations. To
learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and
the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the
Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability,
costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly
from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a)
distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg work, (b) alteration,
modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg work,
and (c) any Defect you cause.
Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project
Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It
exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations
from people in all walks of life.
Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg’s goals
and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg collection will remain freely
available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and
permanent future for Project Gutenberg and future generations. To
learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and
the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.
Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation
Page 69
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state
of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue
Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is
64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S.
federal laws and your state’s laws.
The Foundation’s business office is located at 41 Watchung Plaza
#516, Montclair NJ 07042, USA, +1 (862) 621-9288. Email contact
links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small
donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax
exempt status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States.
Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable
effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these
requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have
not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular
state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state
of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue
Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is
64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S.
federal laws and your state’s laws.
The Foundation’s business office is located at 41 Watchung Plaza
#516, Montclair NJ 07042, USA, +1 (862) 621-9288. Email contact
links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small
donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax
exempt status with the IRS.
The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States.
Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable
effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these
requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have
not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND
DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular
state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.
While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
Page 70
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg
electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.
Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility:
www.gutenberg.org.
This website includes information about Project Gutenberg, including
how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.
Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg
electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.
Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility:
www.gutenberg.org.
This website includes information about Project Gutenberg, including
how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.