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Title: Notes and Queries, Number 203, September 17, 1853

Author: Various

Editor: George Bell

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Language: English

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND
QUERIES, NUMBER 203, SEPTEMBER 17, 1853 ***

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NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,
ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
"When found, make a note of."—Captain Cuttle.

Price Fourpence.
No. 203. Saturday, September 17. 1853. Stamped Edition
5d.

CONTENTS.

Page

Our Shakspearian Correspondence 261

Notes:—

Mr. Pepys and East London Topography, &c. 263

Picts' Houses in Aberdeenshire 264

Folk Lore:—Legends of the County Clare—Devonshire Cures for
264
the Thrush

Heraldic Notes:—Arms of Granville—Arms of Richard, King of the
265
Romans

Shakspeare Correspondence, by J. O. Halliwell and Thos. Keightley 265

Minor Notes:—Longfellow's Poetical Works—Sir Walter Raleigh—
Curious Advertisement—Gravestone Inscription—Monumental 267
Inscription

Queries:—

Sir Philip Warwick 268

Seals of the Borough of Great Yarmouth, by E. S. Taylor 269

Minor Queries:—Hand in Bishop Canning's Church—"I put a spoke
in his wheel"—Sir W. Hewit—Passage in Virgil—Fauntleroy—
Animal Prefixes descriptive of Size and Quality—Punning Devices
—"Pinece with a stink"—Soiled Parchment Deeds—Roger
Wilbraham, Esq.'s, Cheshire Collection—Cambridge and Ireland—
269
Derivation of Celt—Ancient Superstition against the King of England
entering or even beholding the Town of Leicester—Burton—The
Camera Lucida—Francis Moore—Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle—
Palace at Enfield—"Solamen miseris," &c.—Soke Mills—Second
Wife of Mallet

Minor Queries with Answers:—Books burned by the Common
272
Hangman—Captain George Cusack—Sir Ralph Winwood

Replies:—

Books chained to Desks in Churches, by J. Booker, &c. 273

Epitaphs by Cuthbert Bede, B.A., &c. 273

Parochial Libraries 274

"Up, Guards, and at them!" by Frank Howard 275

Photographic Correspondence:—Mr. Muller's Process—
275
Stereoscopic Angles—Ammonio-nitrate of Silver

Replies to Minor Queries:—Sir Thomas Elyot—Judges styled
"Reverend"—"Hurrah" and other War-cries—Major André—Early
Edition of the New Testament—Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge—
Sir William Hankford—Maullies, Manillas—The Use of the Hour-
glass in Pulpits—Derivation of the Word "Island"—A Cob-wall— 276
Oliver Cromwell's Portrait—Manners of the Irish—Chronograms and
Anagrams—"Haul over the Coals,"—Sheer Hulk—The Magnet—
Fierce—Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages—
Acharis, &c.

Miscellaneous:—

Notes on Books, &c. 282

Books and Odd Volumes wanted 282

Notices to Correspondents 282

Advertisements 283

OUR SHAKSPEARIAN CORRESPONDENCE.

We have received from a valued and kind correspondent (not one of those
emphatically good-natured friends so wittily described by Sheridan) the
following temperate remonstrance against the tone which has distinguished
several of our recent articles on Shakspeare:—

Shakspeare Suggestions (Vol. viii., pp. 124. 169.).—

"Most busy, when least I do."

I am grateful to A. E. B. for referring me to the article on "Shakspeare
Criticism" in the last number of Blackwood's Magazine. It is a very able
paper, and worthy of general attention.

I ought to add some few explanatory observations upon the subject of my
former communication, but the tone of A. E. B.'s comments forbids me to
proceed with the discussion; the more especially as my suggestion has been
made a reason for introducing into your pages comments which seem to me
to be altogether unwarrantable upon other portions of the article in
Blackwood. Whoever may be the writer of that article—I do not know—he
needs no other defence than a reference to his paper. It is not on his account
that I venture to allude to this subject; it is rather on yours, Mr. Editor, and
with a view to the welfare of your paper. I cannot think that you or it will be
benefited by converting conversational gossip about Shakspeare difficulties
into "a duel in the form of a debate," seasoned with sarcasm, insinuation,
and satiric point. This is not the kind of matter one expects to find in "N. &
Q." neither do I think your pages should be made a vehicle for "showing
up" such of "the herd of menstrual Aristarchi" as chance to differ in opinion
from some of your smart and peremptory, but not unfrequently inaccurate
and illiberal correspondents.

I know that you yourself are in this respect much in the power of your
contributors. Probably you were as ignorant of the existence of the article in
Blackwood as I was.[1] It is now brought before your notice, and I invite
you to look at it, and judge for yourself whether A. E. B. has treated you,
your paper, or the writer of that very excellent article, with common
fairness in the remarks to which I allude.

I make these observations on two grounds: first, as one who has many
reasons for being anxious for the prosperity of "N. & Q.;" and secondly,
because I know it to be the opinion of several of your earliest and warmest
friends, that there is a tendency in some of your Shakspeare contributors to
indulge in insinuation, imputation of motives, and many other things which
ought never to appear in your pages. We lately observed, with deep regret,
that you were misled (not by A. E. B.) into the insertion of unjustifiable
insinuations, levelled against a gentleman whom we all know to be a man
of the highest personal honour.

The questions which are mooted in your pages ought to be discussed with
the mutual forbearance and enlarged liberality which are predominant in the
general society of our metropolis; not with the keen and angry partizanship
which distinguishes the petty squabbles of a country town.
Icon.
Our readers know that we ourselves recently noticed the tendency of too many of our correspondents
to depart from the courteous spirit by which the earlier communications to this Journal were
distinguished. The intention we then announced of playing the tyrant in future, and exercising with
greater freedom our "editorial privilege of omission," we now repeat yet more emphatically. Icon
well remarks that we are much in the power of our contributors. Indeed we are more so than even he
supposes.

An article on the Notes and Emendations which lately appeared in our columns concluded, in its
original form, with an argument against their genuineness, based on the use of a word unknown to
Shakspeare and his cotemporaries. This appeared to us somewhat extraordinary, and a reference to
Richardson's excellent Dictionary proved that our correspondent was altogether wrong as to his facts.
We of course omitted the passage; but we ought not to have received a statement founded on a
mistake which might have been avoided by a single reference to so common a book.

Again, at p. 194. of the present volume, another correspondent, after pointing out some coincidences
between the old Emendator and some suggested corrections by Z. Jackson, and stating that Mr.
Collier never once refers to Jackson, proceeds: "Mr. Singer, however, talks familiarly about
Jackson, in his Shakspeare Vindicated, as if he had him at his fingers' ends; and yet, at p. 239., he
favours the world with an original emendation (viz. 'He did behood his anger,' Timon, Act III. Sc. 1.),
which, however, will be found at page 389. of Jackson's book." Now, after this, who would have
supposed that, as we learn from Mr. Singer, "Mr. Ingleby has founded his charge on such slender
grounds as one cursory notice of Jackson at p. 288. of my book, where I mentioned him merely on
the authority of Mr. Collier." And who that knows Mr. Singer will doubt the truth of his assertion,
that he has not even seen Jackson's book for near a quarter of a century, and that he had not the
slightest reason to doubt that the conjecture of behood for behave was his own property?[2]

But there is another gentleman who, although he has never whispered a remonstrance to us upon the
subject, has even more grounds of complaint than Mr. Singer, for the treatment which he has
received in our columns; we mean our valued friend and contributor Mr. Collier, who we feel has

received some injustice in our pages. But the fact is that, holding, as we do unchanged, the opinion
which we originally expressed of the great value of the Notes and Emendations—knowing Mr.
Collier's character to be above suspicion—and believing that the result of all the discussions to
which the Notes and Emendations have given rise, will eventually be to satisfy the world of their
great value,—we have not looked so strictly as we ought to have done, and as we shall do in future,
to the tone in which they have been discussed in "N. & Q."

And here let us take the opportunity of offering a few suggestions which we think worthy of being
borne in mind in all discussions on the text of Shakspeare, whether the object under consideration be
what Shakspeare actually wrote, or what Shakspeare really meant by what he did write.

First, as to this latter point. Some years ago a distinguished scholar, when engaged in translating
Göthe's Faust, came to a passage involved in considerable obscurity, and which he found was
interpreted very differently by different admirers of the poem. Unable, under these circumstances, to
procure any satisfactory solution of the poet's meaning, the translator applied to Göthe himself, and
received from him the candid reply which we think it far from improbable that Shakspeare himself
might give with reference to many passages in his own writings,—"That he was very sorry he could
not assist him, but he really did not know exactly what he meant when he wrote it." We doubt not
some of our contributors could supply us with many similar avowals.

This opinion will no doubt offend many of those blind worshippers of Shakspeare, who will not
believe that he could have written a passage which is not perfect, and who, consequently, will not be
satisfied with any note, emendation, or restoration which does not make the passage into which it is
introduced "one entire and perfect chrysolite." But this is unreasonable. We have direct evidence of
the imperfect character of much that Shakspeare wrote. When told that Shakspeare had never blotted
a line, Ben Jonson—no mean critic, and no unfriendly one—wished he had "blotted a thousand."
Would rare Ben have uttered such a wish ignorantly and without cause? We believe the existence of
such defects in the writings of Shakspeare, as they were left by him. It follows, therefore, that in our
opinion Shakspeare is under great obligations to the undeservedly-abused commentators.[3] It would
be strange indeed, when we consider how many men of genius and learning have busied themselves
to illustrate his writings, if none of them should have caught any inspiration from his genius. We
believe they have done so. We believe Theobald's "babbled o' green fields" to be one of many
instances in which, with reference to some one particular passage, the scholiast has proved himself
worthy of and excelling his author. Yes, Shakspeare, the greatest of all uninspired writers, was but
mortal; and his worshippers would sometimes do well bear in mind that their golden image had but
feet of clay.
Footnote 1:(return)

We had not seen this very able article until our attention was called to it by this letter. We regret that
the author of it was not aware of what had been written in "N. & Q." on many of the points discussed
by him. Such knowledge might have modified some of his views.

Footnote 2:(return)

On this point we would call especial attention to Mr. Halliwell's communication on the Difficulty
of avoiding Coincident Suggestions on the Text of Shakspeare, which will be found in our present
Number.

Footnote 3:(return)

One of the most specious arguments which have been advanced against the genuineness of the Notes
and Emendations is, that they agree in many instances with readings which had been suggested many
years before the discovery of the MS. Notes. Of course it is obvious that, wherever the readings are
right, they must do so; and these coincidences serve to satisfy us of the correctness of both.

Notes.
MR. PEPYS AND EAST LONDON TOPOGRAPHY, ETC.

In "N. & Q." (Vol. i., p. 141.) there appeared an article upon the Isle of
Dogs, &c., which spoke of the neglected topography of the east of London,
and requested information on one or two points. Having felt much
interested in this matter, I have endeavoured to obtain information by
personal investigation, and send you the following from among a mass of
Notes:—

1. Isle of Dogs. In a map drawn up in 1588 by Robert Adams, engraved in
1738, this name is applied to an islet in the river Thames, still in part
existing, at the south-west corner of the peninsula. From this spot the name
appears to have extended to the entire marsh.

2. Dick Shore, Limehouse. This is now called Duke Shore, Fore Street. In
Gascoyne's Map of Stepney, 1703, it is called Dick Shoar. Since that time
Dick has become a Duke. Mr. Pepys would find boats there now if he
visited the spot.

3. Mr. Pepys, in his Diary of Mar. 23, 1660, speaks of "the great breach,"
near Limehouse. The spot now forming the entrance to the City Canal or
South Dock of the West India Dock Company was called "the breach,"
when the canal was formed.

4. July 31, 1665. Mr. Pepys speaks of the Ferry in the Isle of Dogs. This
ferry is named as a horse-ferry by Norden in the Britanniæ Speculum, 1592
(MS.). The ferry is still used, but only seldom as a horse-ferry.

5. Oct. 9, 1661. Mr. P. mentions Captain Marshe's, at Limehouse, close by
the lime-house. There is still standing there a large old brick house, which
may be the same; and the lime-kiln yet exists, for, as Norden says, "ther is a
kiln contynually used."

6. Sept. 22, 1665. Mr. P. speaks of a discovery made "in digging the late
docke." This discovery consisted of nut trees, nuts, yew, ivy, &c., twelve
feet below the surface. Johnson no doubt told him the truth. The same
discovery was made in 1789, in digging the Brunswick Dock, also at
Blackwall, and elsewhere in the neighbourhood.

This very week (Aug. 25, 1853) I procured specimens of several kinds of
wood, with land and freshwater shells, from as great a depth in an
excavation at the West India Docks; the wood from a bed of peat, the shells
from a bed of clay resting upon it. There exists an ancient house at the dock
which Mr. P. visited, and which is probably the same.

Other illustrations of the Diary from this quarter might be adduced; let
these, however, suffice as a specimen.

It may probably be new to most of your readers, as it is to me, that an
ancient house in Blackwall (opposite the Artichoke Tavern) is said to have
been the residence of Sebastian Cabot at one time, and at another that of Sir
Walter Raleigh. Whether the tradition be true or not, the house is very
curious, and worth a visit, if not worthy of being sketched and engraved to
preserve its memory. Perhaps the photograph in this case could be applied.

It is not impossible that Sir John de Pulteney or Poultney, to whom the
manor of Poplar was granted in the 24th of Edward III., resided on this spot.
My reasons for thinking it are—this fact, which connects him with the
neighbourhood; and the inference from two other facts, viz. that the house
in which Sir John resided in town was called Cold Harbour, and that Cold
Harbour is here also to be found. Sir John Pulteney is thus connected with
both the places known by this name.

I would give my name in verification, but you have it, as you should have
the names and addresses of all your correspondents.
B. H. C.
Poplar.

PICTS' HOUSES IN ABERDEENSHIRE.

A short time ago, one of those remarkable remains of a very remote
antiquity, and called by the country-people Picts' Houses, Yird, Eirde, or
Erde houses, was discovered by Mr. Douglass, farmer, Culsh, in the parish
of Tarland, Aberdeenshire, near his farm-steading, on the property of our
noble Premier. It is a subterranean vault, of a form approaching the
semicircular, but elongated at the farther end. Its extreme length is thirty-
eight feet; its breadth at the entrance a little more than two feet, gradually
widening towards the middle, where the width is about six feet, and it
continues at about that average. The height is from five and a half to six
feet. The sides are built with stones, some of them in the bottom very large;
the roof is formed of large stones, six or seven feet long, and some of them
weighing above a ton and a half. They must have been brought from the
neighbouring hill of Saddle-lick, about two miles distant, being of a kind of
granite not found nearer the spot. The floor is formed of the native rock
(hornblende), and is very uneven. When discovered it was full of earth, and
in the process of excavation there was found some wood ashes, fragments
of a glass bottle, and an earthenware jar (modern), some small fragments of
bones, and one or two teeth of a ruminant animal, and the upper stone of a
querne (hand-corn-mill, mica schist), together with a small fragment,
probably of the lower stone. But, alas! there were no hieroglyphics or
cuneiform inscriptions to assist the antiquary in his researches. These
underground excavations have been found in various parishes in
Aberdeenshire, as well as in several of the neighbouring counties. In the
parish of Old Deer, about fifty years ago, a whole village of them was come
upon; and about the same time, in a den at the back of Stirlinghill, in the
parish of Peterhead, one was discovered which contained some fragments
of bones and several flint arrow-heads, and battle-axes in the various stages
of manufacture. In no case, however, have any of those previously
discovered been of the same magnitude as the one described above. They
were generally of from twelve to fifteen feet in length, and from three to
four feet in height, and some only six feet in length, so that this must have
been in its day (when?) a rather aristocratic affair. Have any similar
excavations been found in England? The earliest mention of the parish of
Tarland, of which there is any account, is in a charter granted by Moregun,
Earl of Mar, to the Canons of St. Andrews, of the Church of S.
Machulnoche (S. Mochtens, Bishop and Confessor) of Tharuclund, with its
tithes and oblations, its land and mill, and timber from the Earl's woods for

the buildings of the canons, A.D. 1165-71; and a charter of King William the
Lion, and one of Eadward, Bishop of Aberdeen, both of same date,
confirming the said grant.
Abredonensis.

FOLK LORE.

Legends of the County Clare.—How Fuen-Vic-Couil (Fingall) obtained the
knowledge of future events.—Once upon a time, when Fuen-Vic-Couil was
young, he fell into the hands of a giant, and was compelled to serve him for
seven years, during which time the giant was fishing for the salmon which
had this property—that whoever ate the first bit of it he would obtain the
gift of prophecy; and during the seven years the only nourishment which
the giant could take was after this manner: a sheaf of oats was placed to
windward of him, and he held a needle before his mouth, and lived on the
nourishment that was blown from the sheaf of corn through the eye of the
needle. At length, when the seven years were passed, the giant's
perseverance was rewarded, and he caught the famous salmon and gave it to
Fuen-Vic-Couil to roast, with threats of instant destruction if he allowed
any accident to happen to it. Fuen-Vic-Couil hung the fish before the fire by
a string, but, like Alfred in a similar situation, being too much occupied
with his own reflections, forgot to turn the fish, so that a blister rose on the
side of it. Terrified at the probable consequences of his carelessness, he
attempted to press down the blister with his thumb, and feeling the smart
caused by the burning fish, by a natural action put the injured member into
his mouth. A morsel of the fish adhered to his thumb, and immediately he
received the knowledge for which the giant had toiled so long in vain.
Knowing that his master would kill him if he remained, he fled, and was
soon pursued by the giant breathing vengeance: the chace was long, but
whenever he was in danger of being caught, his thumb used to pain him,
and on putting it to his mouth he always obtained knowledge how to
escape, until at last he succeeded in putting out the giant's eyes and killing
him; and always afterwards, when in difficulty or danger, his thumb used to
pain him, and on putting it to his mouth he obtained knowledge how to
escape.

Compare this legend with the legend of Ceridwen, Hanes Taliessin,
Mabinogion, vol. iii. pp. 322, 323., the coincidence of which is very
curious. Where also did Shakspeare get the speech he makes one of the
witches utter in Macbeth:

"By the pricking of my thumbs,
Something wicked this way comes."
Francis Robert Davies.

Devonshire Cures for the Thrush.—"Take three rushes from any running
stream, and pass them separately through the mouth of the infant: then
plunge the rushes again into the stream, and as the current bears them away,
so will the thrush depart from the child."

Should this, as is not unlikely, prove ineffectual, "Capture the nearest duck
that can be met with, and place its mouth, wide open, within the mouth of
the sufferer. The cold breath of the duck will be inhaled by the child, and
the disease will gradually, and as I have been informed, not the less surely,
take its departure."
T. Hughes.
Chester.

HERALDIC NOTES.

Arms of Granville.—The meaning of the peculiar bearing which, since the
thirteenth century, has appertained to this noble family, has always been a
matter of uncertainty to heraldic writers: it has been variously blazoned as a
clarion, clavicord, organ-rest, lance-rest, and sufflue. The majority of
heralds, ancient and modern, term it a clarion without quite defining what a
clarion is: that it is meant for a musical instrument (probably a kind of
hand-organ), I have very little doubt; for, in the woodcut Mrs. Jameson
gives in her Legends of the Madonna (p. 19.) of Piero Laurati's painting of
the "Maria Coronata," the uppermost angel on the left is represented as
carrying an instrument exactly similar to this charge as it is usually drawn.
The date of this painting is 1340. This is probably about the date of the
painted glass window in the choir of Tewkesbury Abbey Church, where

Robert Earl of Gloucester bears three of these clarions on his surcoat; and
upon a careful examination of these, I was convinced that they were
intended to represent instruments similar to that carried by the angel in
Laurati's painting.

Arms of Richard, King of the Romans.—This celebrated man, the second
son of King John, Earl of Cornwall and Poictou, was elected King of the
Romans at Frankfort on St. Hilary's Day (Jan. 13th) 1256. His earldom of
Cornwall was represented by—Argent, a lion rampant gules crowned or; his
earldom of Poictou by a bordure sable, bezantée, or rather of peas (poix) in
reference to the name Poictou; and as king of the Romans he is said to have
borne these arms upon the breast of the German double-headed eagle
displayed sable, which represented that dignity. I do not recollect having
seen them under this last form, but I have "made a Note of" several other
variations I have met with:—

1. In Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire, in painted glass: Argent, a lion
rampant, gules crowned or, within a bordure sable bezantée.

2. On the seal of a charter granted by the earl to the monks of Okeburry: a
lion rampant crowned. No bordure.

3. On an encaustic tile in the old Singing-school at Worcester: A lion
rampant not crowned, with a bordure bezantée. Another tile has the eagle,
single-headed, displayed.

4. Encaustic tiles at Woodperry, Oxfordshire: A row of tiles with the lion
rampant, apparently within a bordure, but without the bezants; followed by
another row which has the eagle displayed, but not double-headed.

5. On an encaustic tile at Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire, founded by him:
The double-headed eagle only, countercharged.

6. On a tile in the Priory Church of Great Malvern: The double-headed
eagle displayed, within a circular bordure bezantée.

7. On a tile which I have seen, but cannot just now recollect where: The
double-headed eagle, bezantée, without any bordure.

A curious instance of ex-officio arms added to the paternal coat, occurs on
the monument of Dr. Samuel Blythe, at the east end of St. Edward's Church,
Cambridge. He was Master of Clare Hall, and in this example his paternal
arms—Argent, a chevron gules, between three lions rampant sable—occupy
the lower part of the shield, being divided at the fess point by something
like an inverted chevron, from the arms of Clare Hall, which thus occupy
the upper half of the shield. The date is 1713. Is this way of dividing the
arms a blunder of the painter's, or can any of your readers point out a
similar instance?
Norris Deck.

SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.

Difficulty of avoiding Coincident Suggestions on the Text of Shakspeare.—
A correspondent in Vol. viii., p. 193., is somewhat unnecessarily severe on
Mr. Collier and Mr. Singer, for having overlooked some suggestions in
Jackson's work: the enormous number of useless conjectures in that
publication rendering it so tedious and unprofitable to consider them
attentively, the student is apt to think his time better engaged in
investigating other sources of information. I think, therefore, little of Mr.
Collier overlooking the few coincident suggestions in Jackson, which are
smaller in number than I had anticipated; the real cause for wonder
consisting in the ignoring so many conjectures that have been treated of
years ago, often at great length, by some of the most distinguished critics
this country has produced. Generally speaking, however, there is in these
matters such a tendency for reproduction, I should for one hesitate to accuse
any critic of intentional unfairness, merely because he puts forth conjectures
as new, when they have been previously published; and I have found so
many of my own attempts at emendation, thought to be original, in other
sources, that I now hesitate at introducing any as novel. These attempts, like
most others, have only resulted occasionally in one that will bear the test of
examination after it has been placed aside, and carefully considered when
the impression of novelty has worn off. I think we may safely appeal to all
critics who occupy themselves much with conjectural criticism, and ask

them if Time does not frequently impair the complacency with which they
regard their efforts on their first production.

Vol. viii., p. 216., contains more instances of coincident suggestions,
R. H. C. indulging in two conjectures, both supported very ably, but in the
perfect unconsciousness that the first, rude day's, was long since mentioned
by Mr. Dyce, in his Remarks, 1844, p. 172., and that the second, the change
of punctuation in All's Well that Ends Well, is the reading adopted by
Theobald, and it is also introduced by Mr. Knight in the text of his
"National Edition," p 262., and has, I believe, been mentioned elsewhere. It
may be said that this kind of repetition might be obviated by the publication
of the various readings that have been suggested in the text of Shakspeare,
but who is there to be found Quixotic enough to undertake so large and
thankless a task, one which at best can only be most imperfectly executed:
the materials being so scattered, and often so worthless, the compiler
would, I imagine, abandon the design before he had made great progress in
it. No fair comparison can be entertained in this respect between the text of
Shakspeare and the texts of the classic authors. What has happened to
R. H. C., happens, as I am about to show, to all who indulge in conjectural
criticism.

Any reader who will take a quantity of disputed passages in Shakspeare,
and happens to be ignorant of what has been suggested by others, will
discover that, in most of the cases, if he merely tries his skill on a few
simple permutations of the letters, he will in one way or another stumble on
the suggested words. Let us take, for example, what may be considered in
its way as one of the most incomprehensible lines in Shakspeare—"Will
you go, An-heires?" the last word being printed with a capital. Running
down with the vowels from a, we get at once an apparently plausible
suggestion, "Will you go on here?" but a little consideration will show how
extremely unlikely this is to be the genuine reading, and that Mr. Dyce is
correct in preferring Mynheers—a suggestion which belongs to Theobald,
and not, as he mentions, to Hanmer. But what I maintain is, that on here
would be the correction that would occur to most readers, in all probability
to be at once dismissed. Mr. Collier, however, says "it is singular that
nobody seems ever to have conjectured that on here might be concealed
under An-heires;" and it would have been singular had this been the case,

but the suggestion of on here is to be found in Theobald's common edition.
Oddly enough, about a year before Mr. Collier's volume appeared, it was
again suggested as if it were new.

Let us select a still more palpable instance (Measure for Measure, Act II.
Sc. 1.): "If this law hold in Vienna ten years, I'll rent the fairest house in it
after threepence a bay." If this reading be wrong, which I do not admit, the
second change in the first letter creates an obvious alteration, day, making
at least some sort of sense, if not the correct one. Some years ago, I was
rash enough to suggest day, not then observing the alteration was to be
found in Pope's edition, and Mr. Collier has fallen into the same oversight,
when he gives it as one of the corrector's new emendations. I regard these
oversights as very pardonable, and inseparable from any extensive attempt
to correct the state of the text. All Shakspearian conjectures either anticipate
or are anticipated.

Mr. Dyce being par excellence the most judicious verbal critic of the day, it
will scarcely be thought egotistical to claim for myself the priority for one
of his emendations—"Avoid thee, friend," in the Few Notes, p. 31., a
reading I had mentioned in print before the appearance of that work. This is
merely one of the many evidences that all verbal conjecturers must often
stumble on the same suggestions. Even the MS. corrector's alteration of the
passage is not new, it being found in Pope's and in several other editions of
the last century; another circumstance that exhibits the great difficulty and
danger of asserting a conjecture to be absolutely unknown.
J. O. Halliwell

P.S. The subject is, of course, capable of almost indefinite extension, but the
above hasty notes will probably occupy as much space as you would be
willing to spare for its consideration.

Alcides' Shoes.—There is merit, in my opinion, in elucidating, if it were
only a single word in our great dramatist. Even the attempt, though mayhap
a failure, is laudable. I therefore have made, and shall make, hit or miss,
some efforts that way. For example, I now grapple with that very odd line—

"As great Alcides' shoes upon an ass."—King John, Act II. Sc. 1.

out of which no one has as yet extracted, or I think ever will extract, any
good meaning: Argal, it is corrupt. Now it appears to me that the critic who
proposed to read shows, came very near the truth, and would have hit it
completely if he had retained Alcides', for it is the genitive with robe
understood. To explain:

Austria has on him the "skin-coat" of Cœur-de-Lion, and Blanch cries,—

"O! well did he become that lion's robe,
That did disrobe the lion of that robe."

"It lies," observes the Bastard,

"It lies as sightly on the back of him (Austria)
As great Alcides' (robe) shows upon an ass:—
But, ass, I'll take that burden from your back," &c.

Were it not that doth is the usual word in this play, I might be tempted to
read does. In reading or acting, then, the cæsura should be made at Alcides',
with a slight pause to give the hearer time to supply robe. I need not say
that the robe is the lion's skin, and that there is an allusion to the fable of the
ass.

Now to justify this reading. Our ancestors knew nothing of our mode of
making genitives by turned commas. They formed the gen. sing., and nom.
and gen. pl., by simply adding s to the nom. sing.; thus king made kings,
kings, kings (not king's, kings, kings'), and the context gave the case. If the
noun ended in se, ce, she, or che, the addition of s added a syllable, as
horses, princes, &c., but it was not always added. Shakspeare, for example,
uses Lucrece and cockatrice as genitives. I find the first instances of such
words as James's, &c., about the middle of the seventeenth century, but I
am not deeply read in old books, so it may have been used earlier.

In foreign words like Alcides, no change ever took place; it was the same
for all numbers and cases, and the explanation was left to the context. Here
are a couple of examples from Shakspeare himself:

"My fortunes every way as fairly ranked—

If not with vantage—as Demetrius."—Midsummer Night's Dream, Act I.
Sc. 1.

"To Brutus, to Cassius. Burn all. Some to Decius house, and some to
Cascas; some to Ligarius. Away! go!"—Julius Cæsar, Act III. Sc. 3.

All here are genitives, as well as Cascas. If any doubt, Brutus and Cassius,
we have just been told, "Are rid like madmen through the gates of Rome,"
so they could not be burned. I say now, judicet lector!

I must not neglect to add that there was another mode of forming the
genitive, namely, by the possessive pronoun, as the king his palace. "A fly
that flew into my mistress her eye," is the title of one of Carew's poems.
Thos. Keightley.

Minor Notes.
Longfellow's Poetical Works.—One of the best printed editions of
Longfellow's Poetical Works which has appeared in England is ushered in
by "An Introductory Essay" by the Rev. G. Gilfillan, A.M. I had lived in
hopes, through each successive edition, that either the good taste of the
publishers would strike out the preface entirely, or the amended taste of its
author curtail some of its redundancies. As neither has been the case, but the
4th edition of the book now lies before me, I beg to offer the following
examples:

1. Of Ancient History:

"His [Longfellow's] ornaments, unlike those of the Sabine maid, have
not crushed him."

2. Of Modern History—Dickens a Poet:

"A prophet may wrap himself up in austere and mysterious solitude: a
poet must come 'eating and drinking.' Thus came Shakspeare, Dryden,
Burns, Scott, Göthe; and thus have come in our day, Dickens, Hood,
and Longfellow."

Is the song of "The Ivy Green" in Pickwick sufficient to justify this
appellation? I do not remember any other "Poem" by Charles Dickens.

3. Of Metaphors. Out of sixteen pages it is difficult to make a selection, but
the following are striking:

"If not a prophet, torn by a secret burden, and uttering it in wild
tumultuous strains,... he has found inspiration ... in the legends of other
lands, whose native vein, in itself exquisite, has been highly cultivated
and delicately cherished."

"Excelsion," we are told, "is one of those happy thoughts which seem
to drop down, like fine days, from some serener region, or like
moultings of the celestial dove, which meet instantly the ideal of all
minds, and run on afterwards, and for ever, in the current of the
human heart."

Does not this almost come up to Lord Castlereagh's famous metaphor? It
certainly goes beyond Mr. Gilfillan's own praise of Longfellow, whose
sentiment is described as "never false, nor strained, nor mawkish. It is
always mild,... and sometimes it approaches the sublime." Mr. G. goes one
step farther.
W. W.
Northamptonshire.

Sir Walter Raleigh.—I find the following remonstrance in defence of this
distinguished man, against the imputation of Hume, in a letter addressed by
Dr. Parr to Charles Butler:

"Why do you follow Hume in representing Raleigh as an infidel? For
Heaven's sake, dear Sir, look to his preface to his History of the World;
look at his Letters, in a little 18mo., and here, but here only, you will
find a tract [entitled The Sceptic], which led Hume to talk of Raleigh
as an unbeliever. It is an epitome of the principles of the old sceptics;
and to me, who, like Dr. Clarke and Mr. Hume, am a reader of Sextus
Empiricus, it is very intelligible. Indeed, Mr. Butler, it is a most
ingenious performance. But mark me well: it is a mere lusus ingenii."

Mr. Butler appends this note:

"Mr. Fox assured the Reminiscent, that either he, or Mrs. Fox to him,
had read aloud the whole, with a small exception, of Sir Walter
Raleigh's History."—Butler's Reminiscences, vol. ii. p. 232.
Balliolensis.

Curious Advertisement.—The following genuine advertisement is copied
from a recent number of the Connecticut Courant, published at Hartford in
America:

"Julia, my wife, has grown quite rude,
She has left me in a lonesome mood;
She has left my board,
She has took my bed,
She has gave away my meat and bread,
She has left me in spite of friends and church,
She has carried with her all my shirts.
Now ye who read this paper,
Since she cut this reckless caper,
I will not pay one single fraction
For any debts of her contraction.
Levi Rockwell.
East Windsor, Conn. Aug. 4, 1853."
G. M. B.

Gravestone Inscription.—I send an inscription on a gravestone in Northill
churchyard, Bedfordshire, which is now nearly obliterated, given me by the
Rev. John Taddy:

"Life is a city full of crooked streets,
Death is the market-place where all men meets.
If life were merchandise which men could buy,
The rich would only live, the poor would die."
Julia R. Bockett.
Southcote Lodge.

Monumental Inscription.—

"Here lyeth the body of the most noble Elizabeth, daughter of John of
Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, own sister to King Henry the Fourth, wife
of John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon and Duke of Exeter, after married
to Sir John Cornwall, Knight of the Garter, and Lord Fanhope. She
died the 4th year of Henry the Sixth, Anno Domini 1426."

The above is on a monument in Burford Church, in the county of Salop, and
will perhaps be interesting to your correspondent Mr. Hardy.

Burford Church, in which there are several other interesting monuments, is
situated in the luxuriant valley of the Teme, about eight miles south-east of
Ludlow.
A Salopian.

Queries.
SIR PHILIP WARWICK.

"A Discourse of Government, as examined by Reason, Scripture, and
the Law of the Land. Written in 1678, small 8vo.: London, 1694."

"Memoirs of the Reign of King Charles I., &c., 8vo.: London, 1702."

To one or the other of these publications there was prefixed a preface
which, as giving offence to the government, was suppressed. I agree with
Mr. Bindley, who says (writing to Mr. Granger),

"The account you have given in your books of the suppressed preface
to Sir Philip Warwick's Memoirs, is an anecdote too curious not to
make one wish it authenticated."—Letters to Mr. Granger, p. 389.

The statement of Granger is adopted also by the Edinburgh editor of the
Memoirs in 1813 (query, Sir W. Scott?), who says in his preface,

"These Memoirs were first published by the learned Dr. Thomas
Smith, a nonjuring divine, distinguished by oriental learning, and his
writings concerning the Greek Church. The learned editor added a
preface so much marked by his political principles, that he was
compelled to alter and retrench it, for fear of a prosecution at the
instance of the crown."—Preface, p. ix.

So far as concerns the Memoirs. But in a note prefixed to a copy of the
Discourse of Government, now in the Bodleian among Malone's books, and
in his handwriting, it is stated,—

"This book was published by Dr. Thomas Smith, the learned writer
concerning the Greek Church. The preface, not being agreeable to the
Court at the time it was published (the 5th year of William III.), was
suppressed by authority, but is found in this and a few other copies.

Granger says (vol. iv. p. 60., vol. v. p. 267., new edit.) that this preface
by Dr. Smith was prefixed to Sir P. W.'s Memoirs of Charles I.; but this
is a mistake. Whether Smith was the editor of the Memoirs I know not.
—Edmond Malone."

The obnoxious preface is assigned to the Discourse of Government also, by
a writer in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1790, p. 509., where is a portrait
of Warwick, and a notice of his life.

The Edinburgh editor of the Memoirs gives the original preface of that
work, which presents nothing at which exception could be taken. But as my
copy of the Discourse is one of the few which (according to Malone) retains
the address of "the publisher to the reader," I transcribe the following
passages, which perhaps will sufficiently explain the suppression in 1694:

"As to the disciples and followers of Buchanan, Hobbs and Milton,
who have exceeded their masters in downright impudence, scurrility,
and lying, and the new modellers of commonwealths, who, under a
zealous pretence of securing the rights of a fancied original contract
against the encroachments of monarchs, are sowing the seeds of
eternal disagreements, confusions, and bloody wars throughout the
world (for the influence of evil principles hath no bounds, but, like
infectious air, spreads everywhere), the peaceable, sober, truly
Christian, and Church-of-England doctrine contained in this book, so
directly contrary to their furious, mad, unchristian, and fanatical
maxims, it cannot otherwise be expected but that they will soon be
alarmed, and betake themselves to their usual arts of slander and
reviling, and grow very fierce and clamorous upon it. Whatever shall
happen," &c.

Subsequently the author is spoken of as

"A gentlemen of sincere piety, of strict morals, of a great and vast
understanding, and of a very solid judgement; a true son of the Church
of England, and consequently a zealous asserter and defender of the
truly Christian and apostolical doctrine of non-resistance; always
loyal and faithful to the king his master in the worst of times," &c.

After these specimens, there will be little difficulty, I think, in determining
that Granger was mistaken in describing the preface to the Memoirs as that
which was suppressed, and that it was the publisher's "address to the reader"
of the Discourse which incurred that sentence. Dr. Thomas Smith appears to
have edited both works; and in the same address informs us of other works
of Warwick in

"Divinity, philosophy, history, especially that of England, practical
devotion, and the like. This I now publish [the Discourse] was written
in the year 1678 (and designed as an appendix to his Memoirs of the
Reign of King Charles the First, of most blessed memory, which
hereafter may see the light, when more auspicious times shall
encourage and favour the publication), which he, being very exact and
curious in his compositions, did often refine upon," &c.

It may be well to inquire whether any of these theological or philosophical
lucubrations are yet extant. Was Sir Philip connected at all with Dr. Smith,
or was he descended from Arthur Warwick, author of Spare Minutes?
Balliolensis.

SEALS OF THE BOROUGH OF GREAT YARMOUTH.

I shall be exceedingly obliged by any explanatory remarks on the following
list of seals:—

1. Oval (size 2.1 in. by 1.3). The angel Gabriel kneeling before a standing
figure of the Virgin, and holding a scroll, on which is inscribed AVE MARIA.
Legend:

* S. HOS * PITALIS * IER * NE * NACH.

Yarmouth was anciently called Gernemutha, or Iernemutha; and Ives
attributes this seal to Yarmouth, though both the legend and the
workmanship have a decidedly foreign appearance.

Can any more satisfactory locality be assigned it?

2. Circular (1 in. in diameter). Three fishes naiant (the arms of Yarmouth),
within a bordure of six cusps. Legend:

SAAL D' ASAI D' GRANT GARNAMVT.

Workmanship of about the fourteenth century; use unknown; but it has been
employed for sealing burgess letters for many years past, until 1847.

Can it have reference to the staple? (Vid. Statutes at Large, Anne; 27 Ed. III.
stat. 2.; 43 Ed. III. cap. 1.; 14 Ric. II. cap. 1.)

3. Circular (size 1.1 in. diameter). On an escutcheon a herring hauriant; the
only instance of this bearing in connection with Yarmouth. Legend:

S. offic : corrotulat : í : nove : Iernmuth.

Of this seal nothing whatever is known. Its workmanship is of the fifteenth
century. The suggested extension of the legend is "Sigillum officii
contrarotulatoris"—in nova Jernemutha, or in nave Jernemuthe. But was
Yarmouth ever called nova Gernemutha? or what was the office alluded to?

The above are required for a literary purpose; and as speedy an answer as
possible would much oblige me.
E. S. Taylor.

Minor Queries.
Hand in Bishop Canning's Church.—In Bishop Canning's Church, Wilts, is
a curious painting of a hand outstretched, and having on the fingers and
thumb several inscriptions in abbreviated Latin. Can any correspondent tell
me when and why this was placed in the church; and also the inscriptions
which appear thereon?
Russell Gole.

"I put a spoke in his wheel."—What is the meaning of the phrase, "I put a
spoke in his wheel?"

In April last, a petition was heard in the Rolls Court on the part of the
trustees of Manchester New College, praying that they might be allowed to
remove that institution to London; and a single trustee was heard against
such removal. One of the friends of the college was on this occasion heard
to remark, "the removal to London was going on very smoothly, and it
would have been done by this time, if this one trustee had not put his spoke
in the wheel:" meaning, that the conscientious scruple of this trustee was the
sole impediment to the movement. Is this the customary and proper mode of
using the phrase; and, if so, how can putting a spoke to a wheel impede its
motion?

On the other hand, having heard some persons say that they had always
understood the phrase to denote affording help to an undertaking, and
confidently allege that this must be the older and more correct usage, for
"what," say they, "is a wheel without spokes?" I inquired of an intelligent
lady, of long American descent, in what way she had been accustomed to
hear the phrase employed, and the answer was "Certainly as a help: we used
to say to one who had anything in hand of difficult accomplishment, 'Do not
be faint-hearted, I'll give you a spoke.'"

Dr. Johnson, in the folio edition of his Dictionary, 1755, after defining a
spoke to be the "bar of a wheel that passes from the nave to the felly," cites:

" . . . . All you gods,
In general synod, take away her power,
Break all the spokes and fellies to her wheel,
And bowl the round nave down the hill of Heaven."—Shakspeare.
G. K.

Sir W. Hewit.—At p. 159. of Mr. Thoms's recent edition of Pulleyn's
Etymological Compendium, Sir W. Hewit, the father-in-law of Edward
Osborne, who was destined to found the ducal family of Leeds, is said to
have been "a pin-maker." Some other accounts state that he was a
clothworker; others again, that he was a goldsmith. Which is correct; and
what is the authority? And where may any pedigree of the Osborne family,
previous to Edward, be seen?
H. T. Griffith.

Passage in Virgil.—Dr. Johnson, in his celebrated Letter to Lord
Chesterfield, says, in reference to the hollowness of patronage: "The
shepherd, in Virgil, grew at last acquainted with Love; and found him a
native of the rocks." To what passage in Virgil does Johnson here refer, and
what is the point intended to be conveyed?
R. Fitzsimons.
Dublin.

Fauntleroy.—In Binns' Anatomy of Sleep it is stated that a few years ago an
affidavit was taken in an English court of justice, to the effect that
Fauntleroy was still living in a town of the United States.

Can any of your correspondents refer me to the circumstance in question?
C. Clifton Barry.

Animal Prefixes, descriptive of Size and Quality.—Will somebody oblige
me by pointing out in the modern languages any analogous instances to the
Greek βον, English horse-radish, dog-rose, bull-finch, &c.?
C. Clifton Barry.

Punning Devices.—Sir John Cullum, in his Hist. of Hawsted, 1st edit. p.
114., says that the seal of Sir William Clopton, knight, t. Hen. VII., was "a

ton, out of which issues some plant, perhaps a caltrop, which might be
contracted to the first syllable of his name." This appears to be too violent a
contraction. Can any of your readers suggest any other or closer analogy
between the name and device?
Buriensis.

"Pinece with a stink."—In Archbishop Bramhall's Schism Guarded (written
against Serjeant) there is a passage in which the above curious expression
occurs, and of which I can find no satisfactory, nor indeed any explanation
whatever. The passage is this (Works, vol. ii. p. 545., edit. Ox.):

"But when he is baffled in the cause, he hath a reserve,—that
Venerable Bede, and Gildas, and Foxe in his Acts and Monuments, do
brand the Britons for wicked men, making them 'as good as Atheists;
of which gang if this Dinoth were one,' he 'will neither wish the Pope
such friends, nor envy them to the Protestants.'

"What needeth this, when he hath got the worst of the cause, to defend
himself like a pinece with a stink? We read no other character of
Dinoth, but as of a pious, learned, and prudent man."

Can any of your readers furnish an explanation?
R. Blakiston.

Soiled Parchment Deeds.—Having in my possession some old and very
dirty parchment deeds, and other records, now almost illegible from the
accumulation of grease, &c., on the surface of the skins, I am desirous to
know if there be any "royal road" to the cleansing and restoration of these
otherwise enduring MSS.?
T. Hughes.
Chester.

Roger Wilbraham, Esq.'s Cheshire Collection.—Can any of your
correspondents say where the original collection made by the above-named
gentleman, or a copy of them, referred to in Dr. Foote Gower's Sketch of the
Materials for a Cheshire History, may now be met with?
Cestriensis.

Cambridge and Ireland.—In the first volume of the Pictorial History of
England, p. 270., it is stated that—

"Martin skins are mentioned in Domesday Book among the
commodities brought by sea to Chester; and this appears from other
authorities to have been one of the exports in ancient times from
Ireland. Notices are also found of merchants from Ireland landing at
Cambridge with cloths, and exposing their merchandise to sale."

The authority quoted for this statement is Turner, vol. iii. p. 113.

On referring to Turner's Anglo-Saxons, I find it stated:

"We read of merchants from Ireland landing at Cambridge with cloths,
and exposing their merchandise to sale."

Mr. Turner refers to Gale, vol. ii. p. 482.

I do not know to what work Mr. Turner refers, unless to Gale's Rerum
Anglicarum Scriptores Veteres; on examining this I can find no passage at
the page and volume indicated, on the subject.

Can any of your readers state where it is to be found? It appears remarkable
that the merchants from Ireland should land at the inland town of
Cambridge, and it seems a probable conjecture that Cambridge is a mistake
for Cambria.

William of Malmesbury speaks of a commerce between Ireland and the
neighbourhood of Chester, and it seems much more probable that the
merchants of Ireland landed in Wales than in Cambridge.
John Thrupp.

Derivation of Celt.—What is the proper derivation of the word celt, as
applied to certain weapons of antiquity? A good authority, in Dr. Smith's
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, p. 351., obtains the term from
—

"Celtes, an old Latin word for a chisel, probably derived from cælo, to
engrave."

Mr. Wright (The Celt, Roman, and Saxon, p. 73.) says that Hearne first
applied the word to such implements in bronze, believing them to be
"Roman celtes or chisels;" and that—

"Subsequent writers, ascribing these instruments to the Britons, have
retained the name, forgetting its origin, and have applied it
indiscriminately, not only to other implements of bronze, but even to
the analogous instruments of stone."

And he objects to the term "as too generally implying that things to which it
is applied are Celtic." On the other hand, Dr. Wilson (Prehistoric Annals, p.
129.) prefers to retain the word, inasmuch as the Welsh etymologists, Owen
and Spurrell, furnish an ancient Cambro-British word celt, a flint stone. M.
Worsaae (Primeval Antiq., p. 26.) confines the term to those instruments of
bronze which have a hollow socket to receive a wooden handle; the other
forms being called paalstabs on the Continent. It seems clear that there is no
connexion between this word and the name of the nation (Celtæ); but its
true origin may perhaps be elicited by a little discussion in the pages of "N.
& Q."
C. R. M.

Ancient Superstition against the King of England entering or even
beholding the Town of Leicester.—The existence of a superstition to this
effect is recorded in Rishanger's Chronicle, and also, as I am informed, in
that of Thomas Wikes; but this I have not at present an opportunity of
consulting.

Rishanger's words are:

"Rex [Henricus III.] autem, capta Norhamptun., Leycestr. tendens, in
ea hospitatus est, quam nullus regni præter eum etiam videre,
prohibentibus quibusdam superstitiose, præsumpsit."—P. 26.

It is also mentioned by Matthew of Westminster. (Vide Bohn's edition, vol.
ii. p. 412.) The statement, that no king before Henry III. had entered the

town, is however incorrect, as William the Conqueror and King John are
instances to the contrary.

Can any of your correspondents explain the origin of this superstition, or
favour me with any farther notices respecting it?

It is not unworthy of observation that very many of the royal personages
who have visited Leicester, have been either unfortunate in their lives, or
have met with tragical deaths.

We may, however, hope, for the credit of the town, that their misfortunes
may be attributed to other causes, rather than to their presence within its
time-hallowed walls.
Wm. Kelly.
Leicester.

Burton.—Is there any family of this name who can make out a descent
from, or connexion with, a Mr. John Burton, alderman of Doncaster, who
died 1718?
C. J.

The Camera Lucida.—I should feel much obliged to any reader of "N. &
Q." who would be kind enough to answer the following questions, and refer
me to any work treating of the handling and management of the Camera
Lucida. I have one made by King of Bristol, and purchased about thirty
years ago: it draws out, like a telescope, in three pieces, each six inches
long; and at full length will give a picture of the dimensions of twenty
inches by twelve. The upper piece is marked from above downwards, thus:
at two inches below the lens, "2;" at an inch below that point, "3;" at half an
inch lower, "4;" at half an inch lower still, "5;" half an inch below the point
"5," a "7" is marked; and half an inch below the "7," there is a "10;" at
seven-eighths below this last, "D" is marked. What reference have these
nicely graduated points to the distance of an object from the instrument? Do
the figures merely determine the size of the picture to be taken? How is one
to be guided in their use and application to practice?
Caret.

Francis Moore.—Francis Moore was born at Bakewell about the year 1592,
and was Proctor of Lichfield Cathedral at the time of the Great Rebellion. I
am anxious to know who were his parents, and what their place of abode.
Edward Peacock.
Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle.—What were the family arms of Dr. John
Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle, who died October 29, 1734? Was he of a Scotch
family, and are any of his descendants now living?
Rufus.

Palace at Enfield.—We read that there was formerly a royal palace at
Enfield in Middlesex, ten miles north from London; and one room still
remains in its original state. Can you, or any of your subscribers, inform me
whereabouts in the town it is situated? Also, the date of erection of the
church?
Hazelwood.

"Solamen miseris," &c.—Please to state in what author is the following
line? No one knows.

"Solamen miseris socios habuisse doloris."
A Constant Reader.

Soke Mills.—Correspondents are requested to communicate the names of
"Soke" or Manorial Mills, to which the suit is still enforced.
S. M.

Second Wife of Mallet.—The second wife of Mallet was Lucy Elstob, a
Yorkshire lady, daughter of a steward of the Earl of Carlisle. Can any of
your readers inform me at what place in Yorkshire her father resided, and
where the marriage with Mallet in 1742 took place? She survived her
husband, and lived to the age of eighty years. Where did she die, and what
family did Mallet leave by his two wives?
F.
Leamington.

Minor Queries with Answers.
Books burned by the Common Hangman.—

"Historia Anglo-Scotica: or an Impartial History of all that happen'd
between the kings and kingdoms of England and Scotland from the
beginning of the Reign of William the Conqueror to the Reign of
Queen Elizabeth, &c., by James Drake, M.D., 8vo., London, 1703."

Of this work it is said, in a note in the Catalogue of Geo. Chalmers' library
(fourth day's sale, Sept. 30, 1841), that—

"On June 30, 1703, the Scotch parliament ordered this book to be
burned by the hands of the common hangman, and that the magistrates
of Edinburgh should see it carried into effect at eleven o'clock on the
following day."

Will any correspondent of yours furnish me with some notice of Dr. Drake,
the author, and also explain the ground of offence upon which his book was
condemned? I confess to be unable to discover anything to offend; neither,
as it seems, could Mr. Surtees, for he says:

"I quote Drake's Historia Anglo-Scotica, 1703, a book which, for what
reason I never could discover, was ordered to be burned by the
common hangman."—History of Durham, vol. iv. p. 55. note l.

Any notices of books which have been signalised by being subjected to
similar condemnation, would much interest me, and perhaps others of your
readers.
Balliolensis.
[The ground of offence for burning the Historia Anglo-Scotica is stated in The Acts of the
Parliaments of Scotland, vol. xi. p. 66., viz.: "Ordered, that a book published by the title of Historia
Anglo-Scotica, by James Drake, M.D., and dedicated to Sir Edward Symour containing many false
and injurious reflections upon the sovereignty and independence of this crown and nation, be burnt
by the hand of the common hangman at the mercat Cross of Edinburgh, at eleven o'clock to-morrow
(July 1, 1703), and the magistrates of Edinburgh appointed to see the order punctually executed." It

would appear from the dedication prefixed to this work, that Drake merely pretended to edit it, for he
says, that "upon a diligent revisal, in order, if possible, to discover the name of the author, and the age
of his writing, he found that it was written in, or at least not finished till, the time of Charles I." But
he says nothing more of the MS., nor how it came into his hands. A notice of Dr. Drake is given in
Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary, and in the preface to The Memorial of the Church of England,
edit. 1711, which was also burnt by the common hangman in 1705. See "N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 519.]

Captain George Cusack.—It appears by an affidavit made by a Mr. Thomas
Nugent in the year 1674, and now of record in the Exchequer Record
Office, Dublin, that—

"He, being on or about the 20th of September preceding in London,
was by one Mr. Patrick Dowdall desired to goe along with him to see
one George Cusack, then in prison there for severall hainous offences
alleadged to have beene by him committed, which he could not do by
reason of other occasions; but having within two or three days
afterwards mett with Mr. Dowdall, was told by him that he had since
their last meeting seene the said Cusack in prison (being the
Marshalsea in Southwark) with bolts on, and that none of Cusack's
men who were alsoe in prison were bolted:"

that on the 11th of November Cusack was still in restraint, and not as yet
come to his trial:

"That there were bookes written of the said Cusack's offences, which
he heard cryed about in the streets of London to be sold, and that ye
generall opinion and talke was that the said Cusack should suffer death
for his crimes."

By a fragment of an affidavit made by a Mr. Morgan O'Bryen, of the
Middle Temple, London, it appears that this man was a Captain George
Cusack, who, I presume, was a pirate. May I take leave to ask, are the
above-mentioned books in existence, and where are they to be found?
James F. Ferguson.
Dublin.
[In the British Museum is the following pamphlet:—"The Grand Pyrate: or the Life and Death of
Captain George Cusack, the Great Sea-Robber, with an Accompt of all his notorious Robberies both
at Sea and Land; together with his Tryal, Condemnation, and Execution. Taken by an Impartial
Hand." London, 1676, pp. 24. 4to.]

Sir Ralph Winwood.—I am particularly desirous of obtaining some
information respecting Sir Ralph Winwood, private secretary to James I.,
and should feel much obliged if any of your numerous correspondents
would favour me with anything they may know concerning him, or with the
titles of any works in which his name is mentioned.
H. P. W. R.
[Biographical notices of Sir Ralph Winwood will be found in Biographia Britannica, Supplement;
Lloyd's State Worthies; Wood's Athenæ; Granger and Chalmers' Biographical Dictionaries. Sir F.
Drake's Voyage, by T. Maynarde, is dedicated to him. Letters to him from Sir Thomas Roe, in 1615,
1616, are in the British Museum, Add. MS. 6115. fol. 71. 75. 146. And a letter to him from Sir
Dudley Carlton will be found in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. lvii. p. 143. The Diaries of the time
of James I. may also be consulted; a list of them is given in "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 363.]

Replies.
BOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES.

(Vol. viii., p. 93.)

The authority for this ancient custom appears to be derived from an act of
the Convocation which assembled in 1562. Strype informs us (Annals, vol.
i. c. 27.) that at this Convocation the following injunctions were given:

"First, That a Catechism be set forth in Latin, which is already done by
Mr. Dean of Paul's [Dean Nowell], and wanteth only viewing.
Secondly, That certain Articles [the Thirty-nine Articles], containing
the principal grounds of Christian religion, be set forth much like to
such Articles as were set forth a little before the death of King Edward,
of which Articles the most part may be used with additions and
corrections as shall be thought convenient. Thirdly, That to these
Articles also be adjoined the Apology, writ by Bishop Jewell, lately set
forth after it, hath been once again revised and so augmented and
corrected as occasion serveth. That these be joined in one book; and by
common consent authorised as containing true doctrine, and be
enjoined to be taught the youth in the Universities and grammar
schools throughout the realm, and also in cathedral churches, and
collegiate, and in private houses: and that whosoever shall preach,
declare, write, or speak anything in derogation, depraving or despising
of the said book, or any doctrine therein contained, and be thereof
lawfully convicted before any ordinary, &c., he shall be ordered as in
case of heresy, or else shall be punished as is appointed for those that
offend and speak against the Book of Common Prayer, set forth in the
first year of the Queen's Majesty's reign that now is: that is to say, he
shall for the first offence forfeit 100 marks; for the second offence, 400
marks; and for the third offence, all his goods and chattels, and shall
suffer imprisonment during life."

It is probable that this book found a place in churches as affording a
standard of orthodoxy easy of reference to congregations in times not
sufficiently remote from the Reformation, to render the preaching of
Romish doctrines unlikely. This, if the surmise be correct, would be
emphatically to bring the officiating minister to book. In Prestwich Church,
the desk yet remains, together with the "Book of Articles," bound up as
prescribed with Jewel's Apology (black-letter, 1611), but the chain has
disappeared. The neighbouring church of Bingley has also its desk, to
which the chain is still attached; but the "Book of Articles" has given place
to some more modern volume.
John Booker.
Prestwich.

Mr. Simpson will find some account of the Paraphrase of Erasmus so
chained (of which he says he cannot recal an instance) at Vol i., p. 172., and
Vol. v., p. 332.

The following list (remains of which more or less perfect, with chains
appended, are still extant) will probably be interesting to many of your
readers:

"Books chayned in the Church, 25th April, 1606.

Dionisius Carthusian vpon the New Testament, in two volumes.
Origen vpon St. Paules Epistle to the Romanes.
Origen against Celsus.
Lira vpon Pentathucke of Moses.
Lira vpon the Kings, &c.
Theophilact vpon the New Testamt.
Beda vpon Luke and other Pts of the Testamt.
Opuscula Augustini, thome x.
Augustini Questiones in Nouū Testamentū.
The Paraphrase of Erasmus.
The Defence of the Apologye.
Prierius Postill vpon the Dominicall Gospells."
From Ecclesfield Church accounts.
J. Eastwood.

In Malvern Abbey Church is a copy of Dean Comber's Companion to the
Temple, chained to a desk, and bearing a written inscription to the effect that
it should never be removed out of the church; but should remain chained to
its desk for ever, for the use of any parishioner who might choose to come
in and read it there.

N. B. I have mislaid my copy of this inscription: and should feel greatly
obliged to any of your correspondents who may be residing in or near Great
Malvern, for a transcript of it. As it may be thought somewhat long for your
pages, perhaps some correspondent would kindly copy it out for me, and
inclose it to Rev. H. T. Griffith, Hull.

University Club.

EPITAPHS.

(Vol. vii. passim.)

A goodly collection of singular epitaphs has appeared in "N. & Q."; but I
believe it yet lacks a specimen of the following tomfoolery—an initial
epitaph. Green, in his History of Worcester, gives the following inscription
from a monument under the north-west window of St. Andrew's Church in
that city:

"Short of Weight.
HLTBO
RW
IHOAJR
A D 1780 A 63."

Green adds the following explanation of this riddle:

"In full measure it would have stood thus: 'Here Lieth The Body Of
Richard Weston, In Hopes Of A Joyful Resurrection. Anno Domini
1780. Aged 63.'"

Richard Weston was a baker, and the "Short of weight" gives the clue to the
nature of his dealings, and also to the right reading of the epitaph.

The following is from Ombersley Churchyard, Worcestershire:

"Sharp was her wit,
Mild was her nature;
A tender wife,
A good humoured creature."

From the churchyard of St. John, Worcester:

"Honest John's
Dead and gone."

From the churchyard of Cofton Hackett, Worcestershire, are the two
following:

"Here lieth the body of John Galey, sen., in expectation of the Last
Day. What sort of man he was that day will discover. He was clerk of
this parish fifty-five years. He died in 1756, aged 75."

The next is also to a Galey. Your correspondent Pictor (Vol. viii., p. 98.)
gives the same epitaph, slightly altered, as being at Wingfield, Suffolk:

"Pope boldly asserts (some think the maxim odd),
An honest man's the noblest work of God.
If this assertion is from error clear,
One of the noblest works of God lies here."

From Alvechurch, Worcestershire; to a man and wife:

"He, an honest, good-natured, worthy man; she, as eminent for
conjugal and maternal virtues during her marriage and widowhood, as
she had been before for amiable delicacy of person and manners."

The following, which is probably not to be surpassed, appeared in one of
the earliest numbers of Household Words. It is from the churchyard of
Pewsey, Wiltshire:

"Here lies the body of Lady O'Looney, great-niece of Burke,
commonly called the Sublime. She was bland, passionate, and deeply
religious: also, she painted in water-colours, and sent several pictures
to the Exhibition. She was first cousin to Lady Jones: and of such is
the kingdom of heaven."
Cuthbert Bede, B.A.

If epitaphs of recent date are admitted in "N. & Q.," perhaps the following,
upon an editor, which lately appeared in the Halifax Colonist, may not be
out of place in your publication:

"Here lies an editor!
Snooks if you will;
In mercy, kind Providence,
Let him lie still.
He lied for his living: so
He lived, while he lied,
When he could not lie longer,
He lied down, and died."
W. W.
Malta.

"Here lies a Wife, a Friend, a Mother,
I believe there never was such another;
She had a head to earn and a heart to give,
And many poor she did relieve.
She lived in virtue and in virtue died,
And now in Heaven she doth reside.
Yes! it is true as tongue can tell,
If she had a fault, it was loving me too well.
And when I am lying by her side,
Who was in life her daily pride,
Tho' she's confined in coffins three,
She'd leave them all and come to me!"

The above lines, written on a tablet in a church at Exeter, were composed
by Mr. Tuckett, tallow-chandler, to the memory of his wife. An old

subscriber of "N. & Q." thinks this epitaph more strange and curious than
any which has yet appeared in the columns of that valuable publication.
Anon.

PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.

(Vol. vii., p. 507.)

I copy the following from the fly-leaf of A Treatise of Ecclesiastical
Benefices and Revenues, by the learned Father Paul, translated by Tobias
Jenkins, 8vo., Westminster, 1736:

"Bibliotheca de Bassingbourn in Com. Cant. Dono dedit Edvardus
Nightingale de Kneeseworth Armiger Filius et Hares Fundatoris. Feb.
1mo, 1735to."

How the volume got out of the library I know not: it was purchased some
years since at a sale in Oxford.
Y. B. N. J.

To the list of parochial libraries allow me to add that of Denchworth, near
Wantage, Berks. In a small apartment over the porch, the parvise, I
recollect, some years since, to have seen a very fair collection of old
divinity, the books being, all of them, confined by chains, according to the
ancient usage, an instance of which I never saw elsewhere.

At St. Peter's Church, Tiverton, there is also a collection of books, mostly
the gift of the Newtes, Richard (rejected in 1646 and restored in 1660), and
John his son, rectors of the portions of Tidcombe and Clare in that church.
The books are preserved in a room over the vestry.
Balliolensis.

Another venerable archdeacon now living permitted the churchwardens of
Swaffham to give him a fine copy of Cranmer's Bible belonging to the
church library.
S. Z. Z. S.

Add to the list Finedon, in Northamptonshire, where there is a collection of
upwards of 1000 volumes in the parvise over the porch.
E. H. A.

"UP, GUARDS, AND AT THEM!"

(Vol. v., p. 426.; Vol. viii., pp. 111. 184.)

The authority for the Duke of Wellington having used these words at the
battle of Waterloo is Capt. Batty, of the Grenadier Guards, in a letter written
a few days after the battle, published in Booth's Battle of Waterloo, and
illustrated by George Jones, Esq., R.A., who is believed to have
superintended the whole publication. I append the extract:—

"Upon the cavalry being repulsed, the Duke himself ordered our
second battalion to form line with the third battalion, and, after
advancing to the brow of the hill, to lie down and shelter ourselves
from the fire. Here we remained, I imagine, near an hour. It was now
about seven o'clock. The French infantry had in vain been brought
against our line and, as a last resource, Buonaparte resolved upon
attacking our part of the position with his veteran Imperial Guard,
promising them the plunder of Brussels. Their artillery and they
advanced in solid column to where we lay. The Duke, who was riding
behind us, watched their approach; and at length, when within a
hundred yards of us, exclaimed 'Up, guards, and at them again!' Never
was there a prouder moment than this for our country or ourselves,"
&c.—Second Letter of Capt. Batty, Grenadier Guards, dated June 22,
1815, from the village of Gommignies; his First Letter being dated
Bavay, June 21, 1815.

This circumstantial account, written so few days after the battle, detailing
affirmatively the command to the guards as heard by one of themselves,
will probably countervail the negative testimony of C. as derived from the
Duke's want of recollection: as well as the "Goodly Botherby's" of Mr.
Cuthbert Bede. As an instance of the Duke's impressions of the battle, I
may add, that he stated that there was no smoke, though Mr. Jones told me,

that when he was on the ground two days afterwards the smoke was still
hanging over it.
Frank Howard.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Mr. Muller's Process.—Mr. Sisson inquires for any one's experience in the
use of the above formula, and I beg to say I remember when it was
published I tried it, but gave it up. It is an excellent plan, but requires
improvement. The following were my objections:

If the objects are not well illuminated by the sun, the image is not sharp.
The skies taken are singularly the reverse of the iodide-of-potash method,
as they are almost transparent.

The solutions of iron are a constant trouble by precipitating.

It has the same disadvantages as other modes on paper from inequality in
the strength of the image. The photographic pons asinorum appears
however to be got over by the process, viz. taking the picture at once in the
camera, and it is very possible that it can be made perfect. A small quantity
of chromate of potash, about one grain to three ounces of solution of iodide
of iron, gives a little more force to the picture.

I find the nitrate of lead a very useful salt in iodizing paper. Six grains of
the salt to the ounce of water, and tincture of iodine added till a pale yellow,
will give additional sensitiveness to iodized paper, if the sheets are floated
upon the solution. This will shorten the time in the camera nearly five
minutes; but it requires care, as it is apt to solarize.

A weak solution of iodide of iron has also the same effect, and, if blotted off
at once, it will not blacken by the use of gallic acid.
Weld Taylor.
Bayswater.

Stereoscopic Angles.—When I last addressed you, I fancied I should set the
stereoscopic-angle question at rest. It appears, however, that Mr. G.
Shadbolt is unconvinced, and as I alone (to the best of my knowledge)
have defined and solved the problem in relation to this subject, you will
perhaps allow me to offer a few words in rejoinder to Mr. S.'s arguments
which, had that gentleman thought more closely, would not have been
advanced. This is also requisite, because, from their speciousness, they are
likely to mislead such as take what they read for granted. Mr. S. says that
when the stereographs are placed at the same distance from the eyes as the
focal length of the lens, that 2¼ inches is the best space for the cameras to
be apart; and that were this space increased, the result would be as though
the pictures were taken from models. To this I reply, that the only correct
space for the cameras to be apart is 2½ inches (i. e. the space usually found
to be from pupil to pupil of our eyes), and this under every circumstance;
and that any departure from this must produce error. As to the model-like
appearance, I cannot see the reason of it. Next Mr. Shadbolt says, and
rightly, that when the pictures are seen from a less distance than the focal
length of the lens, they appear to be increased in bulk. But the "obvious
remedy" I pronounce to be wrong, as it must produce error. The remedy is
nevertheless obvious, and consists in placing the stereographs at the same
distance from the eyes as the focal length of the lens. But, if this cannot be
done, it were surely better to submit to some trifling exaggeration than to
absolute deformity and error. Mr. S. says also, that as we mainly judge of
distance, &c. by the convergence of the optic axis of our eyes (Query, How
do persons with only one eye judge?), so, in short or medium distances, it
were better to let the camera radiate from its centre to the principal object to
be delineated. The result of this must be error, as the following illustration
will show. Let the sitter (for it is especially recommended in portraits) hold
before him, horizontally, and in parallelism with the picture, a ruler two feet
long; and let planes parallel to the ruler pass through the sitter's ears, eyes,
nose, &c. The consequence would be that the ruler, and all the other planes
parallel to it, would have two vanishing points, and all the features be
erroneously rendered. This, to any one conversant with perspective, should
suffice. But, as all are not acquainted with perspective, perhaps the
following illustration may prove more convincing. Suppose an ass to stand
facing the observer; a boy astride him, with a big drum placed before him.
Now, under the treatment recommended by Mr. G. Shadbolt, both sides of

the ass would be visible; both the boy's legs; and the drum would have two
heads. This would be untrue, absurd, ridiculous, and quite as wonderful as
Mr. Fenton's twelve-feet span view from across the Thames.

Once more, and I shall have done with the present arguments of Mr. G.
Shadbolt. He says that the two pictures should have exactly the same range
of vision. This I deny: for, were it so, there would be no stereoscopic effect.
Let the object be a column: it is evident that a tangent to the left side of the
column from the right eye, could not extend so far to the left as a tangent to
the left side of the column from the left eye, and vice versâ. And it is only
by this difference in the two pictures (or, in other words, the range of
vision) that our conceptions of solidity are created. This is not exactly the
test to suit the views of Mr. Shadbolt, as I am quite aware; but I chose it
for its simplicity, and because it will bear demonstration; and my desire has
been to elicit truth, and not to perpetuate error.

In conclusion, I beg to refer Mr. G. Shadbolt to my definition and solution
of the stereoscopic problem—which I then said I believed—but which I
now unhesitatingly assert to be correct.
T. L. Marriott.

Ammonio-nitrate of Silver.—The inability of your correspondent Philo-pho.
to form the ammonio-nitrate of silver from a solution of nitrate of silver,
which has been used to excite albumenized paper, is in all probability owing
to the presence of a small quantity of nitrate of ammonia, which has been
imparted to the solution by the paper.

Salts of ammonia form, with those of silver, double salts, from which the
oxide of silver is not precipitated by the alkalies.

I cannot however explain how it was that the solution had lost none of its
silver, for the paper could not in such case have been rendered sensitive.
J. Leachman.
20. Compton Terrace, Islington.

Replies to Minor Queries.
Sir Thomas Elyot (Vol. viii., p. 220.).—Particulars respecting this once
celebrated diplomatist and scholar may be collected from Bernet's Hist.
Reformation, ed. 1841, i. 95.; Strype's Ecclesiastical Memorials, i. 221.
263., Append. No. LXII.; Ellis's Letters, ii. 113.; Archæologia, xxxiii.;
Wright's Suppression of Monasteries, 140.; Lelandi Encomia, 83.; Leland's
Collectanea, iv. 136-148.; Retrospective Review, ii. 381.; Privy Purse
Expenses of Princess Mary, 82. 230.; Chamberlain's Holbein Heads;
Smith's Autographs; Fuller's Worthies (Cambridgeshire); Wood's Athenæ
Oxonienses, i. 58.; Lysons' Cambridgeshire, 159.

The grant of Carlton cum Willingham in Cambridgeshire to Sir Thomas
Elliot and his wife is enrolled in the Exchequer (Originalia, 32 Hen. VIII.,
pars 3. rot. 22. vel 221.); and amongst the Inquisitions filed in that Court is
one taken after his death (Cant. and Hunt., 37 vel 38 Hen. VIII.).

I believe it will be found on investigation, that Sir Richard Elyot (the father
of Sir Thomas) was of Wiltshire rather than of Suffolk. See Leland's
Collectanea, iv. 141. n., and an Inquisition in the Exchequer of the date of 6
or 7 Hen. VIII. thus described in the Calendar: "de manerio de Wanborough
com. Wiltes proficua cujus manerii Ricardus Eliot percepit."
C. H. Cooper.
Cambridge.

Judges styled "Reverend" (Vol. viii., p. 158.).—As it is more than probable
that your pages may in future be referred to as authority for any statement
they contain, especially when the fact they announce is vouched by so
valued a name as that of my friend York Herald, I am sure that he will
excuse me for correcting an error into which he has fallen, the more
especially as Lord Campbell is equally mistaken (Lord Chancellors, i.
539.).

York Herald states, that "Anthony Fitz-Herbert was appointed Chief
Justice of the Common Pleas in 1523, and died in 30 Henry VIII." Fitz-
Herbert was never Chief Justice. He was made a judge of the Common
Pleas in 1522; and so continued till his death at the time mentioned, 1538.
During that period, the office of Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was
successively held by Sir Thomas Brudenell till 1531, by Sir Robert Norwich
till 1535, and then by Sir John Baldwin, who was Chief Justice at the time
of Fitz-Herbert's death.

William Rastall (afterwards Judge), in the early part of his career, joined his
father in the printing business, and there are several books with his
imprimatur. It was during that time probably that he formed the table to the
Natura Brevium of Anthony Fitz-Herbert, mentioned in the title-page to
York Herald's volume.
Edward Foss.

"Hurrah" and other War-cries (Vol. vii., pp. 595. 633.; Vol. viii., pp. 20.
88.).—Hurrah is the war-cry of many nations, both in the army and navy.
The Dutch seem to have adopted it from the Russians, poeta invito, as we
see in the following verses of Staring van den Willenborg:

"Is 't hoera? Is 't hoera?
Wat drommel kan 't u schelen?
Brul, smeek ik, geen Kozakken na!
Als Fredrik's batterijën spelen—
Als Willem's trommen slaan
Blijv' Neêrland's oorlogskreet: 'Val aan!'
Waar jong en oud de vreugd der overwinning deelen,
Bij Quatre-Bras' trofee,
Blijve ons gejuich Hoezee!"

Accept or reject this doggerel translation:

"Is it hurrah? Is it hurrah?
What does that concern you, pray?
Howl not like Cossacks of the Don!
But, when Frederic's batteries pour—
When William's drums do roar—

Holland's war-cry still be 'Fall on!'
When old and young
Raise the victor's song,
At Quatre-Bras' trophy,
Let Huzzah our joy-cry be!"

Hoera (hurrah) and hoezee (huzza), then, in the opinion of Staring, and
indeed of many others, have not the same origin. Some have derived hoezee
from haussé, a French word of applause at the hoisting (Fr. hausser) of the
admiral's flag. Bilderdijk derives it from Hussein, a famous Turkish warrior,
whose memory is still celebrated. Dr. Brill says, "hoezee seems to be only
another mode of pronouncing the German juchhé." Van Iperen thinks it
taken from the Jewish shout, "Hosanna!" Siegenbeek finds "the origin of
hoezee in the shout of encouragement, 'Hou zee!' (hold sea)." Dr. Jager cites
a Flemish author, who says "that this cry ('hou zee,' in French, tiens mer)
seems especially to belong to us; since it was formerly the custom of our
seamen always 'zee te houden' (to keep the sea), and never to seek shelter
from storms." Dr. Jager, however, thinks it rather doubtful "that our hoezee
should come from 'hou zee,' especially since we find a like cry in other
languages." In old French huz signified a cry, a shout; and the verb huzzer,
or hucher, to cry, to shout; and in Dutch husschen had the same meaning.—
From the Navorscher.

Major André (Vol. viii., p. 174).—The sisters of Major André lived until a
comparatively very recent date in the Circus at Bath, and this fact may point
Serviens to inquiries in that city.
T. F.

In reply to Serviens's Query about Major André, I beg to inform him that
there is a good picture of the Major by Sir Joshua Reynolds in the house of
Mrs. Fenning, at Tonbridge Wells, who, I have no doubt, would be enabled
to give him some particulars respecting his life.
W. H. P.

Early Edition of the New Testament (Vol. viii., p. 219.).—The book, about
which your correspondent A. Boardman inquires, is an imperfect copy of
Tyndale's Version of the New Testament: probably it is one of the first
edition; if so, it was printed at Antwerp in 1526; but if it be one of the

second edition, it was printed, I believe, at the same place in 1534. Those
excellent and indefatigable publishers, Messrs. Bagster & Sons, have within
the last few years reprinted both these editions; and if your correspondent
would apply to them, I have no doubt but they will be able to resolve him
on all the points of his inquiry.
F. B——w.

Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge (Vol. vii., p. 571. Vol. viii., pp. 37. 83.).—
As this question is still open, I forward you the translation of an article
inserted by me in the first volume of the Navorscher. Lozenge-formed
shields have not been always, nor exclusively, used by ladies; for, in a
collection of arms from 1094 to 1649 (see Descriptive Catalogue of
Impressions from Scottish Seals, by Laing, Edinburgh) are many examples
of ladies' arms, but not one in which the shield has any other form than that
used at the time by men. In England, however, as early as the fourteenth
century, the lozenge was sometimes used by ladies, though perhaps only by
widows. Nisbet (System of Heraldry, ii. 35.) mentions a lozenge-formed
seal of Johanna Beaufort, Queen Dowager of Scotland, attached to a
parchment in 1439; while her arms, at an earlier period, were borne on a
common shield (Gent. Mag., April, 1851). In France the use of the lozenge
for ladies was very general; yet in the great work of Flacchio (Généalogie
de la Maison de la Tour) are found several hundred examples of ladies'
arms on oval shields; and in Vredii Genealogia comitum Flandriæ (p. 130.),
on shields rounded off below. On the other hand, lozenges have sometimes
been used by men: for instance, on a seal of Ferdinand, Infant of Spain, in
Vredius, l. c. p. 148.; also on a dollar of Count Maurice of Hanau, in
Kohler's Müntzbelustig. 14. See again the arms of the Count of Sickingen,
in Siebmacher, Suppl. xi. 2. So much for the use of the lozenge. Most
explanations of its origin appear equally far-fetched. That of Menestrier, in
his Pratique des Armoires (p. 14.), seems to me the least forced. He derives
the French name lozange from the Dutch lofzang:

"In Holland," he says, "the custom prevails every year, in May, to affix
verses and lofzangen (songs of praise) in lozenge-formed tablets on the
doors of newly-made magistrates. Young men hung such tablets on the
doors of their sweethearts, or newly-married persons. Also on the
death of distinguished persons, lozenge-shaped pieces of black cloth or

velvet, with the arms, name, and date of the death of the deceased,
were exhibited on the front of the house. And since there is little to be
said of women, except on their marriage or death, for this reason has
it become customary on all occasions to use for them the lozenge-
shaped shield."

In confirmation of this may be mentioned, that formerly lozange and
lozanger were used in the French for louange and louer; of which
Menestrier, in the above-quoted work (p. 431.), cites several instances.

Besides the conjectures mentioned by H. C. K. and Broctuna, may be cited
that of Laboureur: who finds both the form and the name in the Greek word
ὀξυγώνιος (ozenge with the article, l'ozenge); and of Scaliger, who
discovers lausangia in laurangia, lauri folia. See farther, Bernd.
Wapenwesen, Bonn, 1841.
John Scott.

Norwich.

Sir William Hankford (Vol. ii., p. 161. &c.).—Your learned correspondent
Mr. Edward Foss proves satisfactorily that Sir W. Gascoigne was not
retained in his office of Chief Justice by King Hen. V. But Mr. Foss seems
to have overlooked entirely the Devonshire tradition, which represents Sir
William Hankford (Gascoigne's successor) to be the judge who committed
Prince Henry. Risdon (v. Bulkworthy, Survey of Devon, ed. 1811, p. 246.),
after mentioning a chapel built by Sir W. Hankford, gives this account of
the matter:

"This is that deserving judge, that did justice upon the king's son
(afterwards King Henry V.), who, when he was yet prince, commanded
him to free a servant of his, arraigned for felony at the king's bench
bar; whereat the judge replied, he would not. Herewith the prince,
enraged, essayed himself to enlarge the prisoner, but the judge forbad;
insomuch as the prince in fury stept up to the bench, and gave the
judge a blow on the face, who, nothing thereat daunted, told him
boldly: 'If you will not obey your sovereign's laws, who shall obey you
when you shall be king? Wherefore, in the king's (your father's) name,
I command you prisoner to the king's bench.' Whereat the prince,

abashed, departed to prison. When King Henry IV., his father, was
advertised thereof (as fast flieth fame), after he had examined the
circumstances of the matter, he rejoiced to have a son so obedient to
his laws, and a judge of such integrity to administer justice without
fear or favour of the person; but withal dismissed the prince from his
place of president of the council, which he conferred on his second
son."

Risdon makes no mention of Sir W. Hankford's being retained in office by
King Henry V. But at p. 277., v. Monkleigh, he gives the traditional account
of Hankford's death (anno 1422), which represents the judge, in doubt of his
safety, and mistrusting the sequel of the matter, to have committed suicide
by requiring his park-keeper to shoot at him when under the semblance of a
poacher:

"Which report (Risdon adds) is so credible among the common sort of
people, that they can show the tree yet growing where this fact was
committed, known by the name of Hankford Oak."
J. Sansom.

Mauilies, Manillas (Vol. vii., p. 533.).—W. H. S. will probably find some of
the information which he asks for in Two Essays on the Ring-Money of the
Celtæ, which were read in the year 1837 to the members of the Royal Irish
Academy by Sir William Betham, and in some observations on these essays
which are to be found in the Gentleman's Magazine of that year. During the
years 1836, 1837, and 1838, there were made at Birmingham or the
neighbourhood, and exported from Liverpool to the river Bonney in Africa,
large quantities of cast-iron rings, in imitation of the copper rings known as
"Manillas" or "African ring-money," then made at Bristol. A vessel from
Liverpool, carrying out a considerable quantity of these cast-iron rings, was
wrecked on the coast of Ireland in the summer of 1836. A few of them
having fallen into the hands of Sir William Betham, he was led to write the
Essays before mentioned. The making of these cast-iron rings has been
discontinued since the year 1838, in consequence of the natives of Africa
refusing to give anything in exchange for them. From inquiry which I made
in Birmingham in the year 1839, I learnt that more than 250 tons of these
cast-iron rings had been made in that town and neighbourhood in the year

1838, for the African market. The captain of a vessel trading to Africa
informed me in the same year that the Black Despot, who then ruled on the
banks of the river Bonney, had threatened to mutilate, in a way which I will
not describe, any one who should be detected in landing these counterfeit
rings within his territories.
N. W. S.

The Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits (Vol. vii., p. 589.; Vol. viii., p. 82.).—
Your correspondent A. W. S. having called attention to the use of the hour-
glass in pulpits (Vol. vii., p. 589.), I beg to mention two instances in which I
have seen the stands which formerly held them. The first is at Pilton
Church, near Barnstaple, Devon, where it still (at least very lately it did)
remain fixed to the pulpit; the other instance is at Tawstock Church (called,
from its numerous and splendid monuments, the Westminster Abbey of
North Devon), but here it has been displaced, and I saw it lying among
fragments of old armour, banners, &c., in a room above the vestry. They
were similar in form, each representing a man's arm, cut out of sheet iron
and gilded, the hand holding the stand; turning on a hinge at the shoulder it
lay flat on the panels of the pulpit when not in use. When extended it would
project about a yard.
Balliolensis.

George Poulson, Esq., in his History and Antiquities of the Seignory of
Holderness (vol. ii. p. 419.), describing Keyingham Church, says that—

"The pulpit is placed on the south-east corner; beside it is an iron
frame-work, used to contain an hour-glass."
Edward Peacock.
Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

Derivation of the Word "Island" (Vol. viii., p. 209.).—Your correspondent
C. gives me credit for a far greater amount of humour than I can honestly
lay claim to. He appears (he must excuse me for saying so) to have scarcely
read through my observations on the derivation of the word island, which
he criticises so unmercifully; and to have understood very imperfectly what
he has read. For instance, he says that my "derivation of island from eye,
the visual orb, because each are (sic) surrounded by water, seems like

banter," &c. Had I insisted on any such analogy, I should indeed have laid
myself open to the charge; but I did nothing of the kind, as he will find to be
the case, if he will take the trouble of perusing what I wrote. My remarks
went to show, that, in the A.-S. compounded terms, Ealond, Igland, &c.,
from which our word island comes, the component ea, ig, &c., does not
mean water, as has hitherto been supposed to be the case, but an eye; and
that on this supposition alone can the simple ig, used to express an island,
be explained. Will C. endeavour to explain it in any other way?

Throughout my remarks, the word isle is not mentioned. And why? Simply
because it has no immediate etymological connexion with the word island,
being merely the French word naturalised. The word isle is a simple, the
word island a compound term. It is surely a fruitless task (as it certainly is
unnecessary for any one, with the latter word ready formed to his hand in
the Saxon branch of the Teutonic, and, from its very form, clearly of that
family), to go out of his way to torture the Latin into yielding something
utterly foreign to it. My belief is, that the resemblance between these two
words is an accidental one; or, more properly, that it is a question whether
the introduction of an s into the word island did not originate in the desire
to assimilate the Saxon and French terms.
H. C. K.

A Cob-wall (Vol. viii., p. 151.).—A "cob" is not an unusual word in the
midland counties, meaning a lump or small hard mass of anything: it also
means a blow; and a good "cobbing" is no unfamiliar expression to the
generality of schoolboys. A "cob-wall," I imagine, is so called from its
having been made of heavy lumps of clay, beaten one upon another into the
form of a wall. I would ask, if "gob," used also in Devonshire for the stone
of any fruit which contains a kernel, is not a cognate word?
W. Fraser.
Tor Mohun.

Oliver Cromwell's Portrait (Vol. vi. passim).—In reference to this Query,
the best portrait of Oliver Cromwell is in the Baptist College here, and 500
guineas have been refused for it.

I am not aware if it is the one alluded to by your correspondents. The
picture is small, and depicts the Protector without armour: it is by Cooper,
and was left to its present possessors by the Rev. Andrew Gifford, a Baptist
minister, in 1784.

Two copies have been made of it, but the original has never been engraved;
from one of the copies, however, an engraving is in process of execution,
after the picture by Mr. Newenham, of "Cromwell dictating to Milton his
letter to the Duke of Savoy." The likeness of Cromwell in this picture is
taken from one of the copies.

The original is not allowed to be taken from off the premises on any
consideration, in consequence of a dishonest attempt having been made,
some time ago, to substitute a copy for it.
Bristoliensis.

Manners of the Irish (Vol. viii., pp. 5. 111.)—A slight knowledge of Gaelic
enables me to supply the meaning of some of the words that have puzzled
your Irish correspondents. Molchan (Gaelic, Mulachan) means "cheese."

"Deo gracias, is smar in Doieagh."

I take to mean "Thanks to God, God is good." In Gaelic the spelling would
be—"is math in Dia." A Roman Catholic Celt would often hear his priest
say "Deo Gratias."

The meaning of the passage seems to be pretty clear, and may be rendered
thus:—The Irish farmer, although in the abundant enjoyment of bread,
butter, cheese, flesh, and broth, is not only not ashamed to complain of
poverty as an excuse for non-payment of his rent, but has the effrontery to
thank God, as if he were enjoying only those blessings of Providence to
which he is justly entitled.
W. C.
Argyleshire.

Chronograms and Anagrams (Vol. viii., p. 42.).—Perhaps the most
extraordinary instance to be found in reference to chronograms is the
following:

"Chronographica Gratulatio in Felicissimum adventum Serenissimi
Cardinalis Ferdinandi, Hispaniarum Infantis, a Collegio Soc. Jesu.
Bruxellæ publico Belgarum Gaudio exhibita."

This title is followed by a dedication to S. Michael and an address to
Ferdinand; after which come one hundred hexameters, every one of which is
a chronogram, and each chronogram gives the same result, viz. 1634. The
first three verses are,—

"AngeLe CæLIVogI MIChaëL LUX UnICa CætUs.
Pro nUtU sUCCInCta tUo CUI CUnCta MInIstrant.
SIDera qUIqUe poLo gaUDentIa sIDera VoLVUnt."

The last two are,—

"Vota Cano: hæC LeVIbus qUamVIs nUnC InCLyte prInCeps.
VersICULIs InCLUsa, fLUent in sæCULa CentUm."

All the numeral letters are printed in capitals, and the whole is to be found
in the Parnassus Poeticus Societatis Jesu (Francofurti, 1654), at pp. 445-
448. of part i. In the same volume there is another example of the
chronogram, at p. 261., in the "Septem Mariæ Mysteria" of Antonius
Chanut. It occurs at the close of an inscription:

"StatUaM hanC—eX Voto ponIt
FernanDUs TertIUs AUgUstUs."

The date is 1647.

"Henriot, an ingenious anagrammatist, discovered the following
anagram for the occasion of the 15th:

'Napoleon Bonaparte sera-t-il consul à vie,
La [le] peuple bon reconnoissant votera Oui.'

There is only a trifling change of a to e."—Gent. Mag., Aug. 1802, p.
771.

The following is singular:

"Quid est veritas? = Vir qui adest."

I add another chronogram "by Godard, upon the birth of Louis XIV. in
1638, on a day when the eagle was in conjunction with the lion's heart:"

"EXorIens DeLphIn AqUILa CorDIsqUe LeonIs
CongressU GaLLos spe LætItIaqUe refeCIt."
B. H. C.

"Haul over the Coals" (Vol. viii., p. 125.).—This appears to mean just the
same as "roasting"—to inflict upon any one a castigation per verbum and in
good humour.

To cover over the coals is the same as to cower over the coals, as a gipsy
over a fire. Thus Hodge says of Gammer Gurton and Tib, her maid:

"'Tis their daily looke,
They cover so over the coles their eies be bleared with smooke."

To carry coals to Newcastle is well understood to be like giving alms to the
wealthy; but viewed in union with the others would show what a prominent
place coals seem to have in the popular mind.
B. H. C.
Poplar.

Sheer Hulk (Vol. viii., p. 126.).—This phrase is certainly correct. Sheer =
mere, a hulk, and nothing else. Thus we say sheer nonsense, sheer
starvation, &c.; and the song says:

"Here a sheer hulk lies poor Tom Bowling,
The darling of our crew," &c.

The etymology of sheer is plainly from shear.
B. H. C.
Poplar.

The Magnet (Vol. vi. passim).—This was used by Claudian apparently as
symbolical of Venus or love:

"Mavors, sanguinea qui cuspide verberat urbes,
Et Venus, humanas quæ laxat in otia curas,
Aurati delubra tenent communia templi,
Effigies non una Deis. Sed ferrea Martis
Forma nitet, Venerem magnetica gemma figurat."—Claud. De Magnete.
B. H. C.
Poplar.

Fierce (Vol. viii., p. 125.).—Oxoniensis mentions a peculiar use of the word
"fierce." An inhabitant of Staffordshire would have answered him: "I feel
quite fierce this morning."
W. Fraser.
Tor-Mohun.

Connexion between the Celtic and Latin Languages (Vol. viii., p. 174.).—
Your correspondent M. will find some curious and interesting articles on
this subject in vol. ii. of The Scottish Journal, Edinburgh, 1848, p. 129. et
infra.
Duncan Mactavish.
Lochbrovin.

Acharis (Vol. viii., p. 198.).—A mistake, probably, for achatis, a Latinised
form of achat, a bargain, purchase, or act of purchasing. The passage in
Dugdale seems to mean that "Ralph Wickliff, Esq., holds two-thirds of the
tithes of certain domains sometime purchased by him, formerly at a rental
of 5s., now at nothing, because, as he says, they are included in his park."
J. Eastwood.

Henry, Earl of Wotton (Vol. viii., p. 173.).—Philip, first Earl of
Chesterfield, had a son Henry, Lord Stanhope, K.B., who married
Catherine, the eldest daughter and co-heir of Thomas, Lord Wotton, and had
issue one son Philip, and two daughters, Mary and Catherine. Lord
Stanhope died s. p. Nov. 29, 1634. His widow was governess to the Princess
of Orange, daughter of Charles I., and attending her into Holland, sent over
money, arms, and ammunition to that king when he was distressed by his
rebellious subjects. For such services, and by reason of her long attendance

on the princess, she was, on the restoration of Charles II. (in regard that
Lord Stanhope, her husband, did not live to enjoy his father's honours), by
letters patent bearing date May 29, 12 Charles II., advanced to the dignity
of Countess of Chesterfield for life, as also that her daughters should enjoy
precedency as earl's daughters.

She took to her second husband John Poliander Kirkhoven, Lord of
Kirkhoven and Henfleet, by whom she had a son, Charles Henry
Kirkhoven, the subject of the Query.

This gentleman, chiefly on account of his mother's descent, was created a
baron of this realm by the title of Lord Wotton of Wotton in Kent, by letters
patent bearing date at St. Johnstone's (Perth) in Scotland, August 31, 1650,
and in September, 1660, was naturalised by authority of parliament,
together with his sisters. He was likewise in 1677 created Earl of Bellomont
in Ireland, and, dying without issue, left his estates to his nephew Charles
Stanhope, the younger son of his half-brother the Earl of Chesterfield, who
took the surname of Wotton.

This information is principally from Collins, who quotes "Ec. Stem. per
Vincent." I have consulted also Bank's Dormant Baronage, Burke's Works,
and Sharpe's Peerage.
Broctuna.
Bury, Lancashire.

Anna Lightfoot (Vol. vii., p. 595.).—An account of "the left-handed wife of
George III." appeared in Sir Richard Phillips' Monthly Magazine for 1821
or 1822, under the title of (I think) "Hannah Lightfoot, the fair Quaker."
Alexander Andrews.

Lawyers' Bags (Vol. viii., p. 59.).—Previous correspondents appear to have
established the fact that green was the orthodox colour of a lawyer's bag up
to a recent date. May not the change of colour have been suggested by the
sarcasms and jeers about "green bags," which were very current during the
proceedings on the Bill of Pains and Penalties, commonly known as the
Trial of Queen Caroline, some thirty years ago? The reports of the evidence
collected by the commission on the Continent, was laid on the table in a

sealed green bag, and the very name became for a time the signal for such
an outcry, that the lawyers may have deemed it prudent to strike their
colours, and have recourse to some other less obnoxious to remark.
Balliolensis.

"When Orpheus went down" (Vol. viii., p. 196.).—In reply to the Query of
G. M. B. respecting "When Orpheus went down," I beg to say that the
author was the Rev. Dr. Lisle (most probably the Bishop of St. Asaph). The
song may be found among Ritson's English Songs. When it was first
published I have not been able to ascertain, but it must have been in the
early part of the last century, as the air composed for it by Dr. Boyce, most
likely for Vauxhall, was afterwards used in the pasticcio opera of Love in a
Village, which was brought out in 1763.
C. Oldenshaw.
Leicester.

Muffs worn by Gentlemen (Vol. vi. passim; Vol. vii., p. 320.).—In Lamber's
Travels in Canada and the United States (1815), vol. i. p. 307., is the
following passage:

"I should not be surprised if those delicate young soldiers were to
introduce muffs: they were in general use among the men under the
French government, and are still worn by two or three old gentlemen."
Uneda.
Philadelphia.

Wardhouse, and Fisherman's Custom there (Vol. viii., p. 78.).—Wardhouse
or Wardhuuse, is a port in Finland, and the custom was for the English to
purchase herrings there, as they were not permitted to fish on that coast. In
Trade's Increase, a commercial tract, written in the earlier part of the
seventeenth century, the author, when speaking of restraints on fishing on
the coasts of other nations, says:

"Certain merchants of Hull had their ships taken away and themselves
imprisoned, for fishing about the Wardhouse at the North Cape."
W. Pinkerton.

Ham.

"In necessariis unitas," &c. (Vol. viii., p. 197.).—The sentence, "In
necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas," may be seen
sculptured in stone over the head of a doorway leading into the garden of a
house which was formerly the residence of Archdeacon Coxe, and
subsequently of Canon Lisle Bowles, in the Close at Salisbury. It is quoted
from Melancthon. The inscription was placed there by the poet, and is no
less the record of a noble, true, and generous sentiment, than of the
discriminating taste and feeling of him by whom it was thus appreciated
and honoured. Would that it might become the motto of all our cathedral
precincts!
W. S.
Northiam.

Miscellaneous.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Botany of the Eastern Borders, with the Popular Names and Uses of the
Plants, and of the Customs and Beliefs which have been associated with
them, by George Johnson, M.D. This, the first volume of The Natural
History of the Eastern Borders, is a book calculated to please a very large
body of readers. The botanist will like it for the able manner in which the
various plants indigenous to the district are described. The lover of Old
World associations will be delighted with the industry with which Dr.
Johnson has collected, and the care with which he has recorded their
popular names, and preserved the various bits of folk lore associated with
those popular names, or their supposed medicinal virtues. The antiquary
will be gratified by the bits of archæological gossip, and the biographical
sketches so pleasantly introduced; and the general reader with the kindly
spirit with which Dr. Johnson will enlist him in his company—

" . . . Unconstrain'd to rove along
The bushy brakes and glens among."

Marry, it were a pleasant thing to join the Berwickshire Natural History
Club in one of their rambles through the Eastern Borders.

Mr. Bohn has just added to his Antiquarian Library a volume which will be
received with great satisfaction by all who take an interest in the antiquity
of Egypt. It is a translation by the Misses Horner of Dr. Lepsius' Letters
from Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Peninsula of Sinai, with Extracts from his
Chronology of the Egyptians, with reference to the Exodus of the Israelites,
revised by the Author. Dr. Lepsius, it may be mentioned, was at the head of
the scientific expedition appointed by the King of Prussia to investigate the
remains of ancient Egyptian and Ethiopian civilisation, still in preservation
in the Nile valley and the adjacent countries; and in this cheap volume we
have that accomplished traveller's own account of what that expedition was
able to accomplish.

We are at length enabled to answer the Query which was addressed to us
some time since on the subject of the continuation of Mr. MacCabe's
Catholic History of England. The third volume is now at press, and will be
issued in the course of the next publishing season.

Books Received.—A Letter to a Convocation-Man concerning the Rights,
Powers, and Privileges of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an
Introduction and Notes, by the Rev. W. Fraser, B.C.L. This reprint of a very
rare tract will no doubt be prized by the numerous advocates for the re-
assembling of Convocation, who must feel indebted to Mr. Fraser for the
care and learning with which he has executed his editorial task.—A
Collection of Curious, Interesting, and Facetious Epitaphs, Monumental
Inscriptions, &c., by Joseph Simpson. We think the editor would have some
difficulty in authenticating many of the epitaphs in his collection, which
seems to have been formed upon no settled principle.—The Physiology of
Temperance and Total Abstinence, being an Examination of the Effects of
the Excessive, Moderate, and Occasional Use of Alcoholic Liquors on the
Healthy Human System, by Dr. Carpenter: a shilling pamphlet, temperately

written and closely argued, and well deserving the attention of all, even of
the most temperate.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

The Monthly Army List from 1797 to 1800 inclusive. Published by
Hookham and Carpenter, Bond Street. Square 12mo.

Jer. Collier's Ecclesiastical History of England. Folio Edition. Vol. II.

London Labour and the London Poor.

Lowndes' Bibliographer's Manual. Pickering.

Proceedings of the London Geological Society.

Prescott's History of the Conquest of Mexico. 8 Vols. London. Vol. III.

Mrs. Ellis's Social Distinction. Tallis's Edition. Vols. II. and III. 8vo.

History and Antiquities of Newbury. 8vo. 1839. 340 pages. Two Copies.

Vancouver's Survey of Hampshire.

Hemingway's History of Chester. Large Paper. Parts I. and III.

Correspondence on the Formation of the Roman Catholic Bible Society.
8vo. London, 1813.

Athenæum Journal for 1844.

PAMPHLETS.

Junius Discovered. By P. T. Published about 1789.

Reasons for rejecting the Evidence of Mr. Almon, &c. 1807.

Another Guess at Junius. Hookham. 1809.

The Author of Junius Discovered. Longmans. 1821.

The Claims of Sir P. Francis Refuted. Longmans. 1822.

Who was Junius? Glynn. 1837.

Some New Facts, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850.

*** Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
their names.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to
Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.
Replies. We have again to beg those Correspondents who favour us with
Replies to complete them by giving the Volume and Page of the original
Queries. This would give little trouble to each Correspondent, while its
omission entails considerable labour upon us.

W. C. "When Greeks join'd Greeks" is from Lee's Alexander the Great.

A Constant Reader. The contractions referred to stand for Pence and
Farthings.

C. W. (Bradford). We can promise that if the book in question is obtained,
our Correspondent shall have the reading of it.

Photographic Correspondence. We hope next week to lay before our
readers Dr. Diamond's process for printing on albumenized paper. We shall
also reply to several Photographic querists.

A few complete sets of "Notes and Queries," Vols. i. to vii., price Three
Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is
desirable.

"Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
their Subscribers on the Saturday.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful
Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA,
&c.) may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also
be procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
practice of Photography in all its Branches.

Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.

*** Catalogues may be had on application.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodised Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.

Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
Paternoster Row, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.

OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist,
from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,
its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or
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Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace,
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New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J.B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists,
289. Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in
producing a Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and
density of Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing
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Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
Photography. Instruction in the Art.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL
PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price
of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's
Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and
pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.
Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.

G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
T. Grissell, Esq.
J. Hunt, Esq.
J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
E. Lucas, Esq.
J. Lys Seager, Esq.
J. B. White, Esq.
J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Trustees.—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.
Physician.—William Rich. Basham, M.D.
Bankers.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the
Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-
fourths of the Profits:—

Age £ s. d.

17 1 14 4

22 1 18 8

27 2 4 5

32 2 10 8

37 2 18 6

42 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions.
INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE
ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of
Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies,
Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound
Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary
to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

BANK OF DEPOSIT.

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PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the
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Interest payable in January and July.

PETER MORRISON,
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Prospectuses free on application.

DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates. Cases. Passepartoutes. Best
and Cheapest. To be had in great variety at

McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.

Price List Gratis.

BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION,
No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE.
Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto,
in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas.
Superior Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas.
Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas, Silver, 40 guineas. Every
Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed.
Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

JUST PUBLISHED, PRICE FOURPENCE,

Or sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps,

FENNELL'S SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY,

NO. III.

Containing the following Interesting Articles, viz. Discovery of some of
Shakspeare's Manuscripts, with Extracts therefrom; Shakspearian Deeds
and other Relics; Shakspeare's Knowledge of Geography and the Classics
vindicated from Hypercritical and Pedantic Commentators; Curious Old

Song, by John Grange; Notes on the Tempest, Gentlemen of Verona, and
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No. I. of the SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY may be had, PRICE
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A LETTER TO A CONVOCATION MAN, concerning the Rights, Powers,
and Privileges of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an
Introduction and Notes, by the REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L., Curate
of Tor-Mohun.

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library to be without this very valuable and, until now, extremely
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THE CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF THE CONVOCATIONS OF THE
CHURCH OF ENGLAND. BY THE REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L.

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take it then as representing the opinions of a considerable number of
convocation students."—Synodalia.

London: J. MASTERS.

W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT AND LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is
in the possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby
his Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen
engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake
searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient
Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has
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1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of a General Collection of Ancient and
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Modeller. Arranged and described by R.E. RASPE, and illustrated with
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scarce, 1l. 11s. 6d.

London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 26s. cloth) of THE JUDGES OF
ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A.

Volume Three, 1272-1377,
Volume Four, 1377-1485.

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Volume Two, 1190-1272.

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MURRAY'S RAILWAY READING.

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THE GUILLOTINE. An Historical Essay. By the RIGHT HON. JOHN
WILSON CROKER. Reprinted from "The Quarterly Review."

The former Volumes of this Series are—

LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS.

HOLLWAY'S MONTH IN NORWAY.

LORD CAMPBELL'S LIFE OF LORD BACON.

WELLINGTON. By JULES MAUREL.

DEAN MILMAN'S FALL OF JERUSALEM.

LIFE OF THEODORE HOOK.

LORD MAHON'S STORY OF JOAN OF ARC.

HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS.

THE EMIGRANT. By SIR F. B. HEAD.

WELLINGTON. By LORD ELLESMERE.

MUSIC AND DRESS. By a LADY.

LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH.

BEES AND FLOWERS. By a CLERGYMAN.

LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF THE "FORTY-FIVE."

ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."

GIFFARD'S DEEDS OF NAVAL DARING.

THE ART OF DINING.

OLIPHANT'S JOURNEY TO NEPAUL.

THE CHACE, THE TURF, AND THE ROAD. By NIMROD.

JAMES' FABLES OF ÆSOP.

To be followed by

BEAUTIES OF BYRON: PROSE AND VERSE.

A SECOND SERIES OF ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."

The ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By SIR J. G. WILKINSON.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
Bride, in the City of London: and published by George Bell, of No. 186
Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, September 17,
1853.

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