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Title: Index of the Project Gutenberg Works of Benjamin Franklin

Author: Benjamin Franklin

Editor: David Widger

Release date: January 12, 2019 [eBook #58676]
Most recently updated: April 5, 2023

Language: English

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INDEX OF THE
PROJECT GUTENBERG WORKS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN ***

INDEX OF THE PROJECT
GUTENBERG

WORKS OF

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

Compiled by David Widger

CONTENTS

Click on the ## before many of the titles to view a linked
table of contents for that volume.

Click on the title itself to open the original online file.

## THE COMPLETE WORKS FRANKLIN, Vol. 1

## THE COMPLETE WORKS FRANKLIN, Vol. 2

## THE COMPLETE WORKS FRANKLIN, Vol. 3

## MEMOIRS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Vol. 1

## MEMOIRS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Vol. 2

## AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

## BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, SELECTIONS

AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

FRANKLIN'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN: FIRST BALLOONS

EXPERIMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS ON ELECTRICITY

FRANKLIN'S WAY TO WEALTH

TABLES OF CONTENTS OF
VOLUMES

THE COMPLETE WORKS,
OF THE LATE DR. BENJAMIN
FRANKLIN
Now First Collected And Arranged: With Memoirs Of His Early Life,
Written By Himself. In Three Volumes.

Vol. I. (of III)

1806

CONTENTS

Page.
LIFE of Dr. FRANKLIN 1

LETTERS AND PAPERS ON ELECTRICITY.
Introductory Letter. 169
Wonderful effect of points.—Positive and negative electricity.—
Electrical kiss.—Counterfeit spider.—Simple and commodious 170
electrical machine.
Observations on the Leyden bottle, with experiments proving the
179
different electrical state of its different surfaces.
Further experiments confirming the preceding observations.—
Leyden bottle analysed.—Electrical battery.—Magical Picture.— 187
Electrical wheel or jack.—Electrical feast.
Observations and suppositions, towards forming a new hypothesis,
203
for explaining the several phenomena of thunder-gusts.
Introductory letter to some additional papers. 216
Opinions and conjectures, concerning the properties and effects of
the electrical matter, and the means of preserving buildings, ships,
&c. from lightning, arising from experiments and observations 217
made at Philadelphia, 1749.—Golden fish.—Extraction of effluvial
virtues by electricity impracticable.
Additional experiments: proving that the Leyden bottle has no more
electrical fire in it when charged, than before: nor less when
discharged: that in discharging, the fire does not issue from the wire
and the coating at the same time, as some have thought, but that the 245
coating always receives what is discharged by the wire, or an equal
quantity: the outer surface being always in a negative state of
electricity, when the inner surface is in a positive state.
Accumulation of the electrical fire proved to be in the electrified
glass.—Effect of lightning on the needle of compasses, explained. 247
—Gunpowder fired by the electric flame.
Unlimited nature of the electric force. 250
The terms, electric per se, and non-electric, improper.—New 252
relation between metals and water.—Effects of air in electrical

experiments.—Experiment for discovering more of the qualities of
the electric fluid.
Mistake, that only metals and water were conductors, rectified.—
Supposition of a region of electric fire above our atmosphere.— 256
Theorem concerning light.—Poke-weed a cure for cancers.
New experiments.—Paradoxes inferred from them.—Difference in
the electricity of a globe of glass charged, and a globe of sulphur.— 261
Difficulty of ascertaining which is positive and which negative.
Probable cause of the different attractions and repulsions of the two
264
electrified globes mentioned in the two preceding letters.
Reasons for supposing, that the glass globe charges positively, and
the sulphur negatively.—Hint respecting a leather globe for ibid.
experiments when travelling.
Electrical kite. 267
Hypothesis, of the sea being the grand source of lightning,
retracted.—Positive, and sometimes negative, electricity of the
clouds discovered.—New experiments and conjectures in support of
269
this discovery.—Observations recommended for ascertaining the
direction of the electric fluid.—Size of rods for conductors to
buildings.—Appearance of a thunder-cloud described.
Additional proofs of the positive and negative state of electricity in
284
the clouds.—New method of ascertaining it.
Electrical experiments, with an attempt to account for their several
286
phenomena, &c.
Experiments made in pursuance of those made by Mr. Canton,
dated December 6, 1753; with explanations, by Mr. Benjamin 294
Franklin.
Turkey killed by electricity.—Effect of a shock on the operator in
299
making the experiment.
Differences in the qualities of glass.—Account of Domien, an
electrician and traveller.—Conjectures respecting the pores of glass.
—Origin of the author's idea of drawing down lightning.—No
301
satisfactory hypothesis respecting the manner in which clouds
become electrified.—Six men knocked down at once by an
electrical shock.—Reflections on the spirit of invention.

Beccaria's work on electricity.—Sentiments of Franklin on pointed
rods, not fully understood in Europe.—Effect of lightning on the 309
church of Newbury, in New England.—Remarks on the subject.
Notice of another packet of letters. 313
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Boston, to Benjamin
Franklin, Esq. concerning the crooked direction, and the source of 314
lightning, and the swiftness of the electric fire.
Observations on the subjects of the preceding letter.—Reasons for
supposing the sea to be the grand source of lightning.—Reasons for
320
doubting this hypothesis.—Improvement in a globe for raising the
electric fire.
Effect of lightning on captain Waddel's compass, and the Dutch
324
church at New York.
Proposal of an experiment to measure the time taken up by an
327
Electric spark, in moving through any given space.
Experiments on boiling water, and glass heated by boiling water.—
Doctrine of repulsion in electrised bodies doubted.—Electricity of
the atmosphere at different heights.—Electrical horse-race.—
331
Electrical thermometer.—In what cases the electrical fire produces
heat.—Wire lengthened by electricity.—Good effect of a rod on the
house of Mr. West, of Philadelphia.
Answer to some of the foregoing subjects.—How long the Leyden
bottle may be kept charged.—Heated glass rendered permeable by
the electric fluid.—Electrical attraction and repulsion.—Reply to 343
other subjects in the preceding paper.—Numerous ways of kindling
fire.—Explosion of water.—Knobs and points.
Accounts from Carolina (mentioned in the foregoing letter) of the
effects of lightning on two of the rods commonly affixed to houses 361
there, for securing them against lightning.
Mr. William Maine's account of the effects of the lightning on his
362
rod, dated at Indian Land, in South Carolina, Aug. 28, 1760.
On the electricity of the tourmalin. 369
New observation relating to electricity in the atmosphere. 373
Flash of lightning that struck St. Bride's steeple. 374
Best method of securing a powder magazine from lightning. 375

Of lightning, and the methods (now used in America) of securing
377
buildings and persons from its mischievous effects.
St. Bride's steeple.—Utility of electrical conductors to Steeples.—
382
Singular kind of glass tube.
Experiments, observations, and facts, tending to support the opinion
of the utility of long pointed rods, for securing buildings from 383
damage by strokes of lightning.
On the utility of electrical conductors. 400
On the effects of electricity in paralytic cases. 401
Electrical experiments on amber. 403
On the electricity of the fogs in Ireland. 405
Mode of ascertaining, whether the power, giving a shock to those
408
who touch either the Surinam eel, or the torpedo, be electrical.
On the analogy between magnetism and electricity. 410
Concerning the mode of rendering meat tender by electricity. 413
Answer to some queries concerning the choice of glass for the
416
Leyden experiment.
Concerning the Leyden bottle. 418
APPENDIX.
No. 1. Account of experiments made in electricity at Marly. 420
A more particular account of the same, &c. 422
Letter of Mr. W. Watson, F. R. S. to the Royal Society, concerning
427
the electrical experiments in England upon thunder-clouds.
No. 2. Remarks on the Abbé Nollet's Letters to Benjamin Franklin,
430
Esq. of Philadelphia, on electricity.

LIST OF THE PLATES

PLATE I. Electrical Experiments facing page 182
PLATE II. Electrical Air Thermometer 336
PLATE III. Cavendish Experiment 348
PLATE IV. Lightning Rod Experiments 388

THE COMPLETE WORKS,
OF THE LATE DR. BENJAMIN
FRANKLIN
Now First Collected And Arranged: With Memoirs Of His Early Life,
Written By Himself. In Three Volumes.

VOL. II. (of III)

CONTENTS

LETTERS AND PAPERS ON PHILOSOPHICAL SUBJECTS.
Physical and meteorological observations, conjectures and
1
suppositions
On water-spouts 11
The same subject continued 13
Water-spouts and whirlwinds compared 19
Description of a water-spout at Antigua 34
Shooting stars 36
Water-spouts and whirlwinds 37
Observations on the meteorological paper; by a gentleman in
45
Connecticut
Observations in answer to the foregoing, by B. Franklin 49
Observations on the meteorological paper; sent by a gentleman in
51
New York to B. Franklin
Answer to the foregoing observations, by B. Franklin 55
Gentleman of New York in reply 58
Account of a whirlwind at Maryland 61
On the north east storms in North America 63
Meteorological imaginations and conjectures 66
Suppositions and conjectures towards forming an hypothesis, for the
69
explanation of the aurora borealis
On cold produced by evaporation 75
On the same subject 83
Concerning the light in sea-water 88

On the saltness of sea-water 91
On the effect of air on the barometer, and the benefits derived from
92
the study of insects
On the Bristol waters, and the tide in rivers 95
On the same subject 102
Salt-water rendered fresh by distillation.—Method of relieving thirst
103
by sea-water
Tendency of rivers to the sea.—Effect of the sun's rays on cloth of
105
different colours
On the vis inertiæ of matter 110
On the different strata of the earth 116
On the theory of the earth 117
New and curious theory of light and heat 122
Queries and conjectures relating to magnetism and the theory of the
125
earth
On the nature of sea coal 125
Effect of vegetation on noxious air 129
On the inflammability of the surface of certain rivers in America 130
On the different quantities of rain which fall at different heights over
133
the same ground
Slowly sensible hygrometer proposed, for certain purposes 135
Curious instance of the effect of oil on water 142
Letters on the stilling of waves by means of oil 144
Extract of a letter from Mr. Tengnagel to Count Bentinck, dated at
154
Batavia, the 5th of January, 1770
On the difference of navigation in shoal and deep water 158
Sundry maritime observations 162
Remarks upon the navigation from Newfoundland to New-York, in
order to avoid the Gulph Stream on one hand, and on the other the
197
shoals that lie to the southward of Nantucket and of St. George's
Banks
Observations of the warmth of the sea-water, &c. by Fahrenheit's 199
Thermometer, in crossing the Gulph Stream; with other remarks made

on board the Pensylvania packet, Capt. Osborne, bound from London
to Philadelphia, in April and May, 1775
Observations of the warmth of the sea-water, &c. by Fahrenheit's
thermometer; with other remarks made on board the Reprisal, Capt.
200
Wycks, bound from Philadelphia to France, in October and
November, 1776
A journal of a voyage from the Channel between France and England
202
towards America
On the art of swimming 206
On the same subject, in answer to some enquiries of M. Dubourg 210
On the free use of air 213
On the causes of colds 214
Dr. Stark, and Dr. Letsom 215
Number of deaths in Philadelphia by inoculation ibid
Answer to the preceding 217
On the effects of lead upon the human constitution 219
Observations on the prevailing doctrines of life and death 222
An account of the new-invented Pensylvanian fire-places 225
On the causes and cure of smoky chimneys 256
Description of a new stove for burning of pitcoal, and consuming all
296
its smoke
Method of contracting chimneys.—Modesty in disputation 317
Covering houses with copper 318
On the same subject 320
Paper referred to in the preceding letter 322
Magical square of squares 324
Magical circle 328
New musical instrument composed of glasses 330
Best mediums for conveying sound 335
On the harmony and melody of the old Scotch tunes 338
On the defects of modern music 343
Description of the process to be observed in making large sheets of
349
paper in the Chinese manner, with one smooth surface

On modern innovations in the English language and in printing 351
A scheme for a new alphabet and reformed mode of spelling; with
remarks and examples concerning the same; and an enquiry into its
357
uses, in a correspondence between Miss S—— and Dr. Franklin,
written in the characters of the alphabet
Rules for a club formerly established in Philadelphia 366
Questions discussed by the Junto forming the preceding club 369
Sketch of an English school; for the consideration of the trustees of
370
the Philadelphia Academy
Advice to youth in reading 378

PAPERS ON SUBJECTS OF GENERAL POLITICS.
Observations concerning the increase of mankind, peopling of
383
countries, &c
Remarks on some of the foregoing observations, showing particularly
392
the effect which manners have on population
Plan by Messieurs Franklin and Dalrymple, for benefiting distant
403
unprovided countries
Concerning the provision made in China against famine 407
Positions to be examined, concerning national wealth 408
Political fragments, supposed either to be written by Dr. Franklin, or
411
to contain sentiments nearly allied to his own
On the price of corn, and management of the poor 418
On luxury, idleness, and industry 424
On smuggling, and its various species 430
Observations on war 435
Notes copied from Dr. Franklin's writing in pencil in the margin of
Judge Foster's celebrated argument in favour of the impressing of 437
seamen
On the criminal laws, and the practice of privateering 441
A parable against persecution, in imitation of scripture language 450
A letter concerning persecution in former ages, the maintenance of
the clergy, American bishops, and the state of toleration in Old 452
England and New England compared

On the slave trade 459
Account of the highest court of judicature in Pensylvania, viz. The
463
court of the press

LIST OF THE PLATES

PLATE V. Water-Spouts facing page 16
PLATE VI. Maritime Observations 163
PLATE VII. A Chart of the Gulph Stream 197
PLATE VIII. Pensylvania Fire-Place 235
PLATE VIII*. Profile of the Pensylvania Chimnie 238
PLATE IX. Remedies for Smoky Chimnies 269
PLATE X. Stove for Burning Pit-Coal 297
PLATE XI. A Magic Square of Squares 327
PLATE XII. A Magic Circle of Circles 328

THE COMPLETE WORKS
OF THE LATE DR. BENJAMIN
FRANKLIN,
Now First Collected And Arranged: With Memoirs Of His Early Life,
Written By Himself.

IN THREE VOLUMES

VOL. III. (of III)

CONTENTS

PAPERS ON AMERICAN SUBJECTS BEFORE THE
REVOLUTIONARY TROUBLES.
Page.
Albany papers; containing, I. reasons and motives on which the
plan of union for the colonies was formed;—II. reasons against
partial unions;—III. and the plan of union drawn by B. F. and
unanimously agreed to by the commissioners from New Hampshire,
Massachusett's Bay, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Maryland, and 3
Pensylvania, met in congress at Albany, in July 1754, to consider of
the best means of defending the king's dominions in America, &c. a
war being then apprehended; with the reasons or motives for each
article of the plan
Albany papers continued. I. letter to Governor Shirley, concerning
the imposition of direct taxes upon the colonies, without their 30
consent
II. Letter to the same; concerning direct taxes in the colonies
imposed without consent, indirect taxes, and the Albany plan of 31
union
III. Letter to the same, on the subject of uniting the colonies more
intimately with Great Britain, by allowing them representatives in 37
parliament
Plan for settling two Western colonies in North America, with
41
reasons for the plan, 1754
Report of the committee of aggrievances of the assembly of
50
Pensylvania, dated Feb. 22, 1757

An historical review of the constitution and government of
Pensylvania, from its origin; so far as regards the several points of
controversy which have, from time to time, arisen between the 59
several governors of that province, and their several assemblies.
Founded on authentic documents
The interest of Great Britain considered, with regard to her
89
colonies, and the acquisitions of Canada and Guadaloupe
Remarks and facts relative to the American paper-money 144
To the freemen of Pensylvania, on the subject of a particular militia-
157
bill, rejected by the proprietor's deputy or governor
Preface by a member of the Pensylvanian assembly (Dr. Franklin)
to the speech of Joseph Galloway, Esq. one of the members for
Philadelphia county; in answer to the speech of John Dickinson,
Esq. delivered in the house of the assembly of the province of 163
Pensylvania, May 24, 1764, on occasion of a petition drawn up by
order, and then under the consideration of the house, praying his
majesty for a royal, in lieu of a proprietary government
Remarks on a late protest against the appointment of Mr. Franklin
203
as agent for this province (of Pensylvania)
Remarks on a plan for the future management of Indian affairs 216
PAPERS ON AMERICAN SUBJECTS DURING THE
REVOLUTIONARY TROUBLES.
Causes of the American discontents before 1768 225
Letter concerning the gratitude of America, and the probability and
effects of an union with Great Britain; and concerning the repeal or 239
suspension of the stamp act
Letter from Governor Pownall to Dr. Franklin, concerning an equal
communication of rights, privileges, &c. to America by Great 243
Britain
Minutes to the foregoing, by Dr. Franklin 244
The examination of Dr. Franklin before the English house of
commons, in February, 1766, relative to the repeal of the American 245
stamp act
Attempts of Dr. Franklin for conciliation of Great Britain with the
286
colonies

Queries from Mr. Strahan 287
Answer to the preceding queries 290
State of the constitution of the colonies, by Governor Pownall; with
299
remarks by Dr. Franklin
Concerning the dissentions between England and America 310
A Prussian edict, assuming claims over Britain 311
Preface by the British editor (Dr. Franklin) to "The votes and
proceedings of the freeholders, and other inhabitants of the town of
317
Boston, in town-meeting assembled according to law (published by
order of the town), &c."
Account of governor Hutchinson's letters 322
Rules for reducing a great empire to a small one, presented to a late
334
minister, when he entered upon his administration
State of America on Dr. Franklin's arrival there 346
Proposed vindication and offer from congress to parliament, in
347
1775
Reprobation of Mr. Strahan's parliamentary conduct 354
Conciliation hopeless from the conduct of Great Britain to America 355
Account of the first campaign made by the British forces in
357
America
Probability of a separation 358
Letter to Monsieur Dumas, urging him to sound the several courts
of Europe, by means of their ambassadors at the Hague, as to any
360
assistance they may be disposed to afford America in her struggle
for independence
Letter from Lord Howe to Dr. Franklin 365
Dr. Franklin's answer to Lord Howe 367
Comparison of Great Britain and America as to credit, in 1777 372
PAPERS, DESCRIPTIVE OF AMERICA, OR RELATING TO THAT
COUNTRY, WRITTEN SUBSEQUENT TO THE REVOLUTION.
Remarks concerning the savages of North America 383
The internal state of America; being a true description of the
391
interest and policy of that vast continent

Information to those who would remove to America 398
Concerning new settlements in America 409
A comparison of the conduct of the ancient Jews, and of the
410
Antifederalists in the United States of America
Final speech of Dr. Franklin in the late federal convention 416
PAPERS ON MORAL SUBJECTS AND THE ECONOMY OF LIFE.
The busy-body 421
The way to wealth, as clearly shown in the preface of an old
453
Pensylvania almanack, intitled, Poor Richard Improved
Advice to a young tradesman 463
Necessary hints to those that would be rich 466
The way to make money plenty in every man's pocket 467
New mode of lending money 468
An economical project 469
On early marriages 475
Effect of early impressions on the mind 478
The whistle 480
A petition to those who have the superintendency of education 483
The handsome and deformed leg 485
Morals of chess 488
The art of procuring pleasant dreams 493
Dialogue between Franklin and the gout 499
On the death of relatives 507
The ephemera an emblem of human life 508
APPENDIX, NO. I.—CONTAINING PAPERS PROPER FOR
INSERTION, BUT OMITTED IN THE PRECEDING VOLUMES.
Letter to Sir Hans Sloane 513
Letter to Michael Collinson, Esq. 514
Letter respecting captain Cook 515
An address to the public, from the Pensylvania society for
promoting the abolition of slavery, and the relief of free negroes, 517
unlawfully held in bondage

Plan for improving the condition of the free blacks 519
Paper: a poem 523
Plain truth; or, serious considerations on the present state of the city
524
of Philadelphia, and province of Pensylvania
Four letters to Mr. Whetley 543*
APPENDIX, NO. II.—CONTAINING LETTERS BY SEVERAL
EMINENT PERSONS, ILLUSTRATIVE OF DR. FRANKLIN'S
MANNERS AND CHARACTER.
Letter from the late Dr. Price to a gentleman in America 543
Letter from Mr. Thomas Jefferson to the late Dr. William Smith, of
545
Philadelphia
Letter from the late Dr. Joseph Priestly 547

MEMOIRS OF BENJAMIN
FRANKLIN; WRITTEN BY
HIMSELF
With His Most Interesting Essays, Letters, And Miscellaneous
Writings; Familiar, Moral, Political, Economical, And Philosophical.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. I. (of II)
CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME

PART I.
Page
Life of Dr. Franklin, written by himself 13

PART II.

Letter from Mr. Abel James 91
Letter from Mr. Benjamin Vaughan 92
Continuation of Life, begun at Passy, near Paris, 1784 98
Memorandum 115

PART III.

Life of Franklin, continued by Dr. Stuber 191
Extracts from Franklin's Will 227

WRITINGS OF FRANKLIN.

The Examination of Dr. Franklin before the British House of
237
Commons, relative to the Repeal of the American Stamp-act
Narrative of the Massacre of Friendly Indians in Lancaster County,
264
Pennsylvania, 1764
Introduction to Historical Review of the Constitution and
282
Government of Pennsylvania
Dr. Franklin's Motion for Prayers in the Convention at Philadelphia,
286
1787, to revise the then existing Articles of Confederation

MEMOIRS OF BENJAMIN
FRANKLIN; WRITTEN BY
HIMSELF.
With His Most Interesting Essays, Letters, And Miscellaneous
Writings; Familiar, Moral, Political, Economical, And Philosophical.

IN TWO VOLUMES

VOL. II. (of II)

CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME

ESSAYS

Page
The Way to Wealth; as clearly shown in the practice of an old
5
Pennsylvania Almanac, entitled, "Poor Richard Improved"
On True Happiness 14
Public Men 16
The Waste of Life 22
Self-denial not the Essence of Virtue 25
On the Usefulness of the Mathematics 27
The Art of procuring Pleasant Dreams 31
Advice to a young Tradesman 37
Rules of Health 39
The Ephemera; an Emblem of Human Life. To Madame Brillon, of
40
Passy
The Whistle. To Madame Brillon 42
On Luxury, Idleness, and Industry 45
On Truth and Falsehood 50
Necessary Hints to those that would be Rich 53
The Way to make Money plenty in every Man's Pocket 54
The Handsome and Deformed Leg 55
On Human Vanity 58
On Smuggling, and its various Species 62

Remarks concerning the Savages of North America 66
On Freedom of Speech and the Press 71
On the Price of Corn and the Management of the Poor 82
Singular Custom among the Americans, entitled Whitewashing 86
On the Criminal Laws and the Practice of Privateering 94
Letter from Anthony Afterwit 102

LETTERS

To Mrs. Abiah Franklin 107
To Miss Jane Franklin 108
To the same 109
To Mr. George Whitefield 110
To Mrs. D. Franklin 112
To the same 113
To Mrs. Jane Mecom 114
To the same 115
To the same 116
To Miss Stevenson 119
To Lord Kames 120
To the same 121
To the same 128
To John Alleyne 130
To Governor Franklin 132
To Dr. Priestley 134
To the same 136
To Mr. Mather 137
To Mr. Strahan 138
To Dr. Priestley 138
To Mrs. Thompson 139
To Mr. Lith 142
Answer to a Letter from Brussels 144

To Dr. Price 151
To Dr. Priestley 152
To General Washington 154
To M. Court de Gebelin 156
To Francis Hopkinson 158
To Francis Hopkinson 159
To Samuel Huntingdon, President of Congress 160
To the Bishop of St. Asaph 162
To Miss Alexander 163
To Benjamin Vaughan 164
To Mrs. Hewson 166
To David Hartley 167
To Dr. Percival 168
To Sir Joseph Banks 169
To Robert Morris, Esq. 171
To Dr. Mather 172
To William Strahan, M.P. 174
To George Wheatley 178
To David Hartley 181
To the Bishop of St. Asaph 181
To Mrs. Hewson 184
To M. Veillard 185
To Mr. Jordain 187
To Miss Hubbard 189
To George Wheatley 190
To B. Vaughan 192
To the President of Congress 193
To Mrs. Green 196
To Dr. Price 197
To B. Vaughan 198
To Dr. Rush 199
To Miss Catharine Louisa Shipley 199

To * * * 200
Copy of the last Letter written by Dr. Franklin 201

PHILOSOPHICAL SUBJECTS

To the Abbé Soulavie.—Theory of the Earth 203
To Dr. John Pringle.—On the different Strata of the Earth 207
To Mr. Bowdoin.—Queries and Conjectures relating to Magnetism
208
and the Theory of the Earth
To M. Dubourg.—On the Nature of Seacoal 211
Causes of Earthquakes 212
To David Rittenhouse.—New and Curious Theory of Light and Heat 224
Of Lightning; and the Methods now used in America for the securing
227
Buildings and Persons from its mischievous Effects
To Peter Collinson.—Electrical Kite 231
Physical and Meteorological Observations, Conjectures, and
232
Suppositions
To Dr. Perkins.—Water-spouts and Whirlwinds compared 240
To Alexander Small.—On the Northeast Storms in North America 254
To Dr. Lining.—On Cold produced by Evaporation 256
To Peter Franklin.—On the Saltness of Seawater 263
To Miss Stephenson.—Salt Water rendered fresh by Distillation.—
264
Method of relieving Thirst by Seawater
To the same.—Tendency of Rivers to the Sea.—Effects of the Sun's
266
Rays on Cloths of different Colours
To the same.—On the Effect of Air on the Barometer, and the
270
Benefits derived from the Study of Insects
To Dr. Joseph Priestley.—Effect of Vegetation on Noxious Air 273
To Dr. John Pringle.—On the Difference of Navigation in Shoal and
274
Deep Water
To Oliver Neale.—On the Art of Swimming 277
To Miss Stephenson.—Method of contracting Chimneys.—Modesty
281
in Disputation

To M. Dubourg.—Observations on the prevailing Doctrines of Life
282
and Death
Lord Brougham's Portrait of Dr. Franklin 285

AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF
BENJAMIN
FRANKLIN

With Illustrations By E. Boyd Smith
CONTENTS

Introduction vii
The Autobiography 1

I. Ancestry and Early Life in Boston 3
II. Beginning Life as a Printer 21
III. Arrival in Philadelphia 41
IV. First Visit to Boston 55
V. Early Friends in Philadelphia 69
VI. First Visit to London 77
VII. Beginning Business in Philadelphia 99
VIII. Business Success and First Public Service 126
IX. Plan for Attaining Moral Perfection 146
X. Poor Richard's Almanac and Other Activities 169
XI. Interest in Public Affairs 188
XII. Defense of the Province 201
XIII. Public Services and Duties 217
XIV. Albany Plan of Union 241
XV. Quarrels with the Proprietary Governors 246
XVI. Braddock's Expedition 253

XVII. Franklin's Defense of the Frontier 274
XVIII. Scientific Experiments 289
XIX. Agent of Pennsylvania in London 296

Appendix

Electrical Kite 327
The Way to Wealth 331
The Whistle 336
A Letter to Samuel Mather 340

Bibliography 343

ILLUSTRATIONS

Franklin at the Court of Louis XVI Frontispiece

Page
Portrait of Franklin vii
Pages 1 and 4 of The Pennsylvania Gazette, Number XL, the
xxi
first number after Franklin took control
First page of The New England Courant of December 4-11,
33
1721
"I was employed to carry the papers thro' the streets to the
36
customers"
"She, standing at the door, saw me, and thought I made, as I
48
certainly did, a most awkward, ridiculous appearance"
"I took to working at press" 88

"I see him still at work when I go home from club" 120
Two pages from Poor Richard's Almanac for 1736 171
"I regularly took my turn of duty there as a common soldier" 204
"In the evening, hearing a great noise among them, the
224
commissioners walk'd out to see what was the matter"
"Our axes ... were immediately set to work to cut down trees" 278
"We now appeared very wide, and so far from each other in our
318
opinions as to discourage all hope of agreement"
"You will find it stream out plentifully from the key on the
328
approach of your knuckle"
Father Abraham in his study 330

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
Representative Selections, With Introduction, Bibliography, And Notes

By Frank Luther Mott

CONTENTS

I. Franklin's Milieu: The Age of Enlightenment, xiii
II. Franklin's Theories of Education, xxxii
III. Franklin's Literary Theory and Practice, xlvi
IV. Franklin as Printer and Journalist, lvii

V. Franklin's Economic Views, lxiv
VI. Franklin's Political Theories, lxxxii
VII. Franklin as Scientist and Deist, cx
Chronological Table, cxlii
Selected Bibliography
I. Works, cli
II. Collections and Reprints, cliii
III. Biographies, clv
IV. Biographical and Critical Studies, clviii
V. The Age of Franklin, clxxiv
VI. Bibliographies and Check Lists, clxxxvi
From the Autobiography, 3
Dogood Papers, No. I (1722), 96
Dogood Papers, No. IV (1722), 98
Dogood Papers, No. V (1722), 102
Dogood Papers, No. VII (1722), 105
Dogood Papers, No. XII (1722), 109
Editorial Preface to the New England Courant (1723), 111
A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain (1725), 114
Rules for a Club Established for Mutual Improvement (1728), 128
Articles of Belief and Acts of Religion (1728), 130
The Busy-Body, No. 1 (1728/9), 137
The Busy-Body, No. 2 (1728/9), 139
The Busy-Body, No. 3 (1728/9), 141
The Busy-Body, No. 4 (1728/9), 145
Preface to the Pennsylvania Gazette (1729), 150
A Dialogue between Philocles and Horatio (1730), 152
A Second Dialogue between Philocles and Horatio (1730), 156
A Witch Trial at Mount Holly (1730), 161
An Apology for Printers (1731), 163

Preface to Poor Richard (1733), 169
A Meditation on a Quart Mugg (1733), 170
Preface to Poor Richard (1734), 172
Preface to Poor Richard (1735), 174
Hints for Those That Would Be Rich (1736), 176
To Josiah Franklin (April 13, 1738), 177
Preface to Poor Richard (1739), 179
A Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge among the British
Plantations in America (1743), 180
Shavers and Trimmers (1743), 183
To the Publick (1743), 186
Preface to Logan's Translation of "Cato Major" (1743/4), 187
To John Franklin, at Boston (March 10, 1745), 188
Preface to Poor Richard (1746), 189
The Speech of Polly Baker (1747), 190
Preface to Poor Richard (1747), 193
To Peter Collinson (August 14, 1747), 194
Preface to Poor Richard Improved (1748), 195
Advice to a Young Tradesman (1748), 196
To George Whitefield (July 6, 1749), 198
Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pensilvania (1749), 199
Idea of the English School (1751), 206
To Cadwallader Colden Esq., at New York (1751), 213
Exporting of Felons to the Colonies (1751), 214
Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries,
Etc. (1751), 216
To Peter Collinson (October 19, 1752), 223
Poor Richard Improved (1753)—facsimile reproduction, 225
To Joseph Huey (June 6, 1753), 261
Three Letters to Governor Shirley (1754), 263
To Miss Catherine Ray, at Block Island (March 4, 1755), 270
To Peter Collinson (August 25, 1755), 272

To Miss Catherine Ray (September 11, 1755), 274
To Miss Catherine Ray (October 16, 1755), 277
To Mrs. Jane Mecom (February 12, 1756), 278
To Miss E. Hubbard (February 23, 1756), 278
To Rev. George Whitefield (July 2, 1756), 279
The Way to Wealth (1758), 280
To Hugh Roberts (September 16, 1758), 289
To Mrs. Jane Mecom (September 16, 1758), 291
To Lord Kames (May 3, 1760), 293
To Miss Mary Stevenson (June 11, 1760), 295
To Mrs. Deborah Franklin (June 27, 1760), 298
To Jared Ingersoll (December 11, 1762), 300
To Miss Mary Stevenson (March 25, 1763), 301
To John Fothergill, M.D. (March 14, 1764), 304
To Sarah Franklin (November 8, 1764), 307
From A Narrative of the Late Massacres in Lancaster County (1764), 308
To the Editor of a Newspaper (May 20, 1765), 315
To Lord Kames (June 2, 1765), 318
Letter Concerning the Gratitude of America (January 6, 1766), 321
To Lord Kames (April 11, 1767), 325
To Miss Mary Stevenson (September 14, 1767), 330
On the Labouring Poor (1768), 336
To Dupont de Nemours (July 28, 1768), 340
To John Alleyne (August 9, 1768), 341
To the Printer of the London Chronicle (August 18, 1768), 343
Positions to be Examined, Concerning National Wealth (1769), 345
To Miss Mary Stevenson (September 2, 1769), 347
To Joseph Priestley (September 19, 1772), 348
To Miss Georgiana Shipley (September 26, 1772), 349
To Peter Franklin (undated), 351
On the Price of Corn, and Management of the Poor (undated), 355
An Edict by the King of Prussia (1773), 358

Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One (1773),
363
To William Franklin (October 6, 1773), 371
Preface to "An Abridgment of the Book of Common Prayer" (1773), 374
A Parable against Persecution, 379
A Parable on Brotherly Love, 380
To William Strahan (July 5, 1775), 381
To Joseph Priestley (July 7, 1775), 382
To a Friend in England (October 3, 1775), 383
To Lord Howe (July 30, 1776), 384
The Sale of the Hessians (1777), 387
Model of a Letter of Recommendation (April 2, 1777), 389
To —— (October 4, 1777), 390
To David Hartley (October 14, 1777), 390
A Dialogue between Britain, France, Spain, Holland, Saxony and
America, 394
To Charles de Weissenstein (July 1, 1778), 397
The Ephemera (1778), 402
To Richard Bache (June 2, 1779), 404
Morals of Chess (1779), 406
To Benjamin Vaughan (November 9, 1779), 410
The Whistle (1779), 412
The Lord's Prayer (1779?), 414
The Levée (1779?), 417
Proposed New Version of the Bible (1779?), 419
To Joseph Priestley (February 8, 1780), 420
To George Washington (March 5, 1780), 421
To Miss Georgiana Shipley (October 8, 1780), 422
To Richard Price (October 9, 1780), 423
Dialogue between Franklin and the Gout (1780), 424
The Handsome and Deformed Leg (1780?), 430
To Miss Georgiana Shipley (undated), 432

To David Hartley (December 15, 1781), 434
Supplement to the Boston Independent Chronicle (1782), 434
To John Thornton (May 8, 1782), 443
To Joseph Priestley (June 7, 1782), 443
To Jonathan Shipley (June 10, 1782), 445
To James Hutton (July 7, 1782), 447
To Sir Joseph Banks (September 9, 1782), 448
Information to Those Who Would Remove to America (1782?), 449
Apologue (1783?), 458
To Sir Joseph Banks (July 27, 1783), 459
To Mrs. Sarah Bache (January 26, 1784), 460
An Economical Project (1784?), 466
To Samuel Mather (May 12, 1784), 471
To Benjamin Vaughan (July 26, 1784), 472
To George Whately (May 23, 1785), 479
To John Bard and Mrs. Bard (November 14, 1785), 481
To Jonathan Shipley (February 24, 1786), 481
To —— (July 3, 1786?), 484
Speech in the Convention; On the Subject of Salaries (1787), 486
Motion for Prayers in the Convention (1787), 489
Speech in the Convention at the Conclusion of Its Deliberations (1787),
491
To the Editors of the Pennsylvania Gazette (1788), 493
To Rev. John Lathrop (May 31, 1788), 496
To the Editor of the Federal Gazette (1788?), 496
To Charles Carroll (May 25, 1789), 500
An Account of the Supremest Court of Judicature in Pennsylvania, viz.
the Court of the Press (1789), 501
An Address to the Public (1789), 505
To David Hartley (December 4, 1789), 506
To Ezra Stiles (March 9, 1790), 507
On the Slave-Trade (1790), 510

Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America, 513
An Arabian Tale, 519
A Petition of the Left Hand (date unknown), 520
Some Good Whig Principles (date unknown), 521
The Art of Procuring Pleasant Dreams, 523
Notes, 529

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