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Title: Uncle Vanya: Scenes from Country Life in Four Acts

Author: Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

Release date: May 1, 1999 [eBook #1756]
Most recently updated: November 26, 2012

Language: English

Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1756

Credits: Produced by An Anonymous Volunteer, and David Widger

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK UNCLE VANYA:
SCENES FROM COUNTRY LIFE IN FOUR ACTS ***

UNCLE VANYA

SCENES FROM COUNTRY LIFE
IN FOUR ACTS

By Anton Checkov

Contents

CHARACTER
S

UNCLE
VANYA

ACT I
ACT II
ACT III
ACT IV

CHARACTERS
ALEXANDER SEREBRAKOFF, a retired professor
HELENA, his wife, twenty-seven years old
SONIA, his daughter by a former marriage
MME. VOITSKAYA, widow of a privy councilor, and mother of
Serebrakoff's first wife
IVAN (VANYA) VOITSKI, her son
MICHAEL ASTROFF, a doctor
ILIA (WAFFLES) TELEGIN, an impoverished landowner
MARINA, an old nurse
A WORKMAN

The scene is laid on SEREBRAKOFF'S country place

UNCLE VANYA

ACT I
A country house on a terrace. In front of it a garden. In an avenue of trees,
under an old poplar, stands a table set for tea, with a samovar, etc. Some
benches and chairs stand near the table. On one of them is lying a guitar. A
hammock is swung near the table. It is three o'clock in the afternoon of a
cloudy day.
MARINA, a quiet, grey-haired, little old woman, is sitting at the table
knitting a stocking.
ASTROFF is walking up and down near her.
MARINA. [Pouring some tea into a glass] Take a little tea, my son.
ASTROFF. [Takes the glass from her unwillingly] Somehow, I don't seem
to want any.
MARINA. Then will you have a little vodka instead?
ASTROFF. No, I don't drink vodka every day, and besides, it is too hot
now. [A pause] Tell me, nurse, how long have we known each other?
MARINA. [Thoughtfully] Let me see, how long is it? Lord—help me to
remember. You first came here, into our parts—let me think—when was it?
Sonia's mother was still alive—it was two winters before she died; that was
eleven years ago—[thoughtfully] perhaps more.
ASTROFF. Have I changed much since then?
MARINA. Oh, yes. You were handsome and young then, and now you are
an old man and not handsome any more. You drink, too.
ASTROFF. Yes, ten years have made me another man. And why? Because I
am overworked. Nurse, I am on my feet from dawn till dusk. I know no
rest; at night I tremble under my blankets for fear of being dragged out to
visit some one who is sick; I have toiled without repose or a day's freedom
since I have known you; could I help growing old? And then, existence is

tedious, anyway; it is a senseless, dirty business, this life, and goes heavily.
Every one about here is silly, and after living with them for two or three
years one grows silly oneself. It is inevitable. [Twisting his moustache] See
what a long moustache I have grown. A foolish, long moustache. Yes, I am
as silly as the rest, nurse, but not as stupid; no, I have not grown stupid.
Thank God, my brain is not addled yet, though my feelings have grown
numb. I ask nothing, I need nothing, I love no one, unless it is yourself
alone. [He kisses her head] I had a nurse just like you when I was a child.
MARINA. Don't you want a bite of something to eat?
ASTROFF. No. During the third week of Lent I went to the epidemic at
Malitskoi. It was eruptive typhoid. The peasants were all lying side by side
in their huts, and the calves and pigs were running about the floor among
the sick. Such dirt there was, and smoke! Unspeakable! I slaved among
those people all day, not a crumb passed my lips, but when I got home there
was still no rest for me; a switchman was carried in from the railroad; I laid
him on the operating table and he went and died in my arms under
chloroform, and then my feelings that should have been deadened awoke
again, my conscience tortured me as if I had killed the man. I sat down and
closed my eyes—like this—and thought: will our descendants two hundred
years from now, for whom we are breaking the road, remember to give us a
kind word? No, nurse, they will forget.
MARINA. Man is forgetful, but God remembers.
ASTROFF. Thank you for that. You have spoken the truth.
Enter VOITSKI from the house. He has been asleep after dinner and looks
rather dishevelled. He sits down on the bench and straightens his collar.
VOITSKI. H'm. Yes. [A pause] Yes.
ASTROFF. Have you been asleep?
VOITSKI. Yes, very much so. [He yawns] Ever since the Professor and his
wife have come, our daily life seems to have jumped the track. I sleep at the
wrong time, drink wine, and eat all sorts of messes for luncheon and dinner.
It isn't wholesome. Sonia and I used to work together and never had an idle

moment, but now Sonia works alone and I only eat and drink and sleep.
Something is wrong.
MARINA. [Shaking her head] Such a confusion in the house! The Professor
gets up at twelve, the samovar is kept boiling all the morning, and
everything has to wait for him. Before they came we used to have dinner at
one o'clock, like everybody else, but now we have it at seven. The Professor
sits up all night writing and reading, and suddenly, at two o'clock, there
goes the bell! Heavens, what is that? The Professor wants some tea! Wake
the servants, light the samovar! Lord, what disorder!
ASTROFF. Will they be here long?
VOITSKI. A hundred years! The Professor has decided to make his home
here.
MARINA. Look at this now! The samovar has been on the table for two
hours, and they are all out walking!
VOITSKI. All right, don't get excited; here they come.
Voices are heard approaching. SEREBRAKOFF, HELENA, SONIA, and
TELEGIN come in from the depths of the garden, returning from their
walk.
SEREBRAKOFF. Superb! Superb! What beautiful views!
TELEGIN. They are wonderful, your Excellency.
SONIA. To-morrow we shall go into the woods, shall we, papa?
VOITSKI. Ladies and gentlemen, tea is ready.
SEREBRAKOFF. Won't you please be good enough to send my tea into the
library? I still have some work to finish.
SONIA. I am sure you will love the woods.
HELENA, SEREBRAKOFF, and SONIA go into the house. TELEGIN sits
down at the table beside MARINA.

VOITSKI. There goes our learned scholar on a hot, sultry day like this, in
his overcoat and goloshes and carrying an umbrella!
ASTROFF. He is trying to take good care of his health.
VOITSKI. How lovely she is! How lovely! I have never in my life seen a
more beautiful woman.
TELEGIN. Do you know, Marina, that as I walk in the fields or in the shady
garden, as I look at this table here, my heart swells with unbounded
happiness. The weather is enchanting, the birds are singing, we are all
living in peace and contentment—what more could the soul desire? [Takes
a glass of tea.]
VOITSKI. [Dreaming] Such eyes—a glorious woman!
ASTROFF. Come, Ivan, tell us something.
VOITSKI. [Indolently] What shall I tell you?
ASTROFF. Haven't you any news for us?
VOITSKI. No, it is all stale. I am just the same as usual, or perhaps worse,
because I have become lazy. I don't do anything now but croak like an old
raven. My mother, the old magpie, is still chattering about the emancipation
of woman, with one eye on her grave and the other on her learned books, in
which she is always looking for the dawn of a new life.
ASTROFF. And the Professor?
VOITSKI. The Professor sits in his library from morning till night, as usual
—

"Straining the mind, wrinkling the brow,
We write, write, write,
Without respite
Or hope of praise in the future or now."

Poor paper! He ought to write his autobiography; he would make a really
splendid subject for a book! Imagine it, the life of a retired professor, as
stale as a piece of hardtack, tortured by gout, headaches, and rheumatism,
his liver bursting with jealousy and envy, living on the estate of his first

wife, although he hates it, because he can't afford to live in town. He is
everlastingly whining about his hard lot, though, as a matter of fact, he is
extraordinarily lucky. He is the son of a common deacon and has attained
the professor's chair, become the son-in-law of a senator, is called "your
Excellency," and so on. But I'll tell you something; the man has been
writing on art for twenty-five years, and he doesn't know the very first thing
about it. For twenty-five years he has been chewing on other men's thoughts
about realism, naturalism, and all such foolishness; for twenty-five years he
has been reading and writing things that clever men have long known and
stupid ones are not interested in; for twenty-five years he has been making
his imaginary mountains out of molehills. And just think of the man's self-
conceit and presumption all this time! For twenty-five years he has been
masquerading in false clothes and has now retired absolutely unknown to
any living soul; and yet see him! stalking across the earth like a demi-god!
ASTROFF. I believe you envy him.
VOITSKI. Yes, I do. Look at the success he has had with women! Don Juan
himself was not more favoured. His first wife, who was my sister, was a
beautiful, gentle being, as pure as the blue heaven there above us, noble,
great-hearted, with more admirers than he has pupils, and she loved him as
only beings of angelic purity can love those who are as pure and beautiful
as themselves. His mother-in-law, my mother, adores him to this day, and he
still inspires a sort of worshipful awe in her. His second wife is, as you see,
a brilliant beauty; she married him in his old age and has surrendered all the
glory of her beauty and freedom to him. Why? What for?
ASTROFF. Is she faithful to him?
VOITSKI. Yes, unfortunately she is.
ASTROFF. Why unfortunately?
VOITSKI. Because such fidelity is false and unnatural, root and branch. It
sounds well, but there is no logic in it. It is thought immoral for a woman to
deceive an old husband whom she hates, but quite moral for her to strangle
her poor youth in her breast and banish every vital desire from her heart.
TELEGIN. [In a tearful voice] Vanya, I don't like to hear you talk so.
Listen, Vanya; every one who betrays husband or wife is faithless, and

could also betray his country.
VOITSKI. [Crossly] Turn off the tap, Waffles.
TELEGIN. No, allow me, Vanya. My wife ran away with a lover on the day
after our wedding, because my exterior was unprepossessing. I have never
failed in my duty since then. I love her and am true to her to this day. I help
her all I can and have given my fortune to educate the daughter of herself
and her lover. I have forfeited my happiness, but I have kept my pride. And
she? Her youth has fled, her beauty has faded according to the laws of
nature, and her lover is dead. What has she kept?
HELENA and SONIA come in; after them comes MME. VOITSKAYA
carrying a book. She sits down and begins to read. Some one hands her a
glass of tea which she drinks without looking up.
SONIA. [Hurriedly, to the nurse] There are some peasants waiting out there.
Go and see what they want. I shall pour the tea. [Pours out some glasses of
tea.]
MARINA goes out. HELENA takes a glass and sits drinking in the
hammock.
ASTROFF. I have come to see your husband. You wrote me that he had
rheumatism and I know not what else, and that he was very ill, but he
appears to be as lively as a cricket.
HELENA. He had a fit of the blues yesterday evening and complained of
pains in his legs, but he seems all right again to-day.
ASTROFF. And I galloped over here twenty miles at break-neck speed! No
matter, though, it is not the first time. Once here, however, I am going to
stay until to-morrow, and at any rate sleep quantum satis.
SONIA. Oh, splendid! You so seldom spend the night with us. Have you
had dinner yet?
ASTROFF. No.
SONIA. Good. So you will have it with us. We dine at seven now. [Drinks
her tea] This tea is cold!

TELEGIN. Yes, the samovar has grown cold.
HELENA. Don't mind, Monsieur Ivan, we will drink cold tea, then.
TELEGIN. I beg your pardon, my name is not Ivan, but Ilia, ma'am—Ilia
Telegin, or Waffles, as I am sometimes called on account of my pock-
marked face. I am Sonia's godfather, and his Excellency, your husband,
knows me very well. I now live with you, ma'am, on this estate, and
perhaps you will be so good as to notice that I dine with you every day.
SONIA. He is our great help, our right-hand man. [Tenderly] Dear
godfather, let me pour you some tea.
MME. VOITSKAYA. Oh! Oh!
SONIA. What is it, grandmother?
MME. VOITSKAYA. I forgot to tell Alexander—I have lost my memory—I
received a letter to-day from Paul Alexevitch in Kharkoff. He has sent me a
new pamphlet.
ASTROFF. Is it interesting?
MME. VOITSKAYA. Yes, but strange. He refutes the very theories which
he defended seven years ago. It is appalling!
VOITSKI. There is nothing appalling about it. Drink your tea, mamma.
MME. VOITSKAYA. It seems you never want to listen to what I have to
say. Pardon me, Jean, but you have changed so in the last year that I hardly
know you. You used to be a man of settled convictions and had an
illuminating personality——
VOITSKI. Oh, yes. I had an illuminating personality, which illuminated no
one. [A pause] I had an illuminating personality! You couldn't say anything
more biting. I am forty-seven years old. Until last year I endeavoured, as
you do now, to blind my eyes by your pedantry to the truths of life. But now
—Oh, if you only knew! If you knew how I lie awake at night, heartsick
and angry, to think how stupidly I have wasted my time when I might have
been winning from life everything which my old age now forbids.

SONIA. Uncle Vanya, how dreary!
MME. VOITSKAYA. [To her son] You speak as if your former convictions
were somehow to blame, but you yourself, not they, were at fault. You have
forgotten that a conviction, in itself, is nothing but a dead letter. You should
have done something.
VOITSKI. Done something! Not every man is capable of being a writer
perpetuum mobile like your Herr Professor.
MME. VOITSKAYA. What do you mean by that?
SONIA. [Imploringly] Mother! Uncle Vanya! I entreat you!
VOITSKI. I am silent. I apologise and am silent. [A pause.]
HELENA. What a fine day! Not too hot. [A pause.]
VOITSKI. A fine day to hang oneself.
TELEGIN tunes the guitar. MARINA appears near the house, calling the
chickens.
MARINA. Chick, chick, chick!
SONIA. What did the peasants want, nurse?
MARINA. The same old thing, the same old nonsense. Chick, chick, chick!
SONIA. Why are you calling the chickens?
MARINA. The speckled hen has disappeared with her chicks. I am afraid
the crows have got her.
TELEGIN plays a polka. All listen in silence. Enter WORKMAN.
WORKMAN. Is the doctor here? [To ASTROFF] Excuse me, sir, but I have
been sent to fetch you.
ASTROFF. Where are you from?
WORKMAN. The factory.

ASTROFF. [Annoyed] Thank you. There is nothing for it, then, but to go.
[Looking around him for his cap] Damn it, this is annoying!
SONIA. Yes, it is too bad, really. You must come back to dinner from the
factory.
ASTROFF. No, I won't be able to do that. It will be too late. Now where,
where—[To the WORKMAN] Look here, my man, get me a glass of vodka,
will you? [The WORKMAN goes out] Where—where—[Finds his cap]
One of the characters in Ostroff's plays is a man with a long moustache and
short wits, like me. However, let me bid you good-bye, ladies and
gentlemen. [To HELENA] I should be really delighted if you would come
to see me some day with Miss Sonia. My estate is small, but if you are
interested in such things I should like to show you a nursery and seed-bed
whose like you will not find within a thousand miles of here. My place is
surrounded by government forests. The forester is old and always ailing, so
I superintend almost all the work myself.
HELENA. I have always heard that you were very fond of the woods. Of
course one can do a great deal of good by helping to preserve them, but
does not that work interfere with your real calling?
ASTROFF. God alone knows what a man's real calling is.
HELENA. And do you find it interesting?
ASTROFF. Yes, very.
VOITSKI. [Sarcastically] Oh, extremely!
HELENA. You are still young, not over thirty-six or seven, I should say,
and I suspect that the woods do not interest you as much as you say they do.
I should think you would find them monotonous.
SONIA. No, the work is thrilling. Dr. Astroff watches over the old woods
and sets out new plantations every year, and he has already received a
diploma and a bronze medal. If you will listen to what he can tell you, you
will agree with him entirely. He says that forests are the ornaments of the
earth, that they teach mankind to understand beauty and attune his mind to
lofty sentiments. Forests temper a stern climate, and in countries where the

climate is milder, less strength is wasted in the battle with nature, and the
people are kind and gentle. The inhabitants of such countries are handsome,
tractable, sensitive, graceful in speech and gesture. Their philosophy is
joyous, art and science blossom among them, their treatment of women is
full of exquisite nobility——
VOITSKI. [Laughing] Bravo! Bravo! All that is very pretty, but it is also
unconvincing. So, my friend [To ASTROFF] you must let me go on burning
firewood in my stoves and building my sheds of planks.
ASTROFF. You can burn peat in your stoves and build your sheds of stone.
Oh, I don't object, of course, to cutting wood from necessity, but why
destroy the forests? The woods of Russia are trembling under the blows of
the axe. Millions of trees have perished. The homes of the wild animals and
birds have been desolated; the rivers are shrinking, and many beautiful
landscapes are gone forever. And why? Because men are too lazy and stupid
to stoop down and pick up their fuel from the ground. [To HELENA] Am I
not right, Madame? Who but a stupid barbarian could burn so much beauty
in his stove and destroy that which he cannot make? Man is endowed with
reason and the power to create, so that he may increase that which has been
given him, but until now he has not created, but demolished. The forests are
disappearing, the rivers are running dry, the game is exterminated, the
climate is spoiled, and the earth becomes poorer and uglier every day. [To
VOITSKI] I read irony in your eye; you do not take what I am saying
seriously, and—and—after all, it may very well be nonsense. But when I
pass peasant-forests that I have preserved from the axe, or hear the rustling
of the young plantations set out with my own hands, I feel as if I had had
some small share in improving the climate, and that if mankind is happy a
thousand years from now I will have been a little bit responsible for their
happiness. When I plant a little birch tree and then see it budding into
young green and swaying in the wind, my heart swells with pride and I—
[Sees the WORKMAN, who is bringing him a glass of vodka on a tray]
however—[He drinks] I must be off. Probably it is all nonsense, anyway.
Good-bye.
He goes toward the house. SONIA takes his arm and goes with him.
SONIA. When are you coming to see us again?

ASTROFF. I can't say.
SONIA. In a month?
ASTROFF and SONIA go into the house. HELENA and VOITSKI walk
over to the terrace.
HELENA. You have behaved shockingly again. Ivan, what sense was there
in teasing your mother and talking about perpetuum mobile? And at
breakfast you quarreled with Alexander again. Really, your behaviour is too
petty.
VOITSKI. But if I hate him?
HELENA. You hate Alexander without reason; he is like every one else,
and no worse than you are.
VOITSKI. If you could only see your face, your gestures! Oh, how tedious
your life must be.
HELENA. It is tedious, yes, and dreary! You all abuse my husband and look
on me with compassion; you think, "Poor woman, she is married to an old
man." How well I understand your compassion! As Astroff said just now,
see how you thoughtlessly destroy the forests, so that there will soon be
none left. So you also destroy mankind, and soon fidelity and purity and
self-sacrifice will have vanished with the woods. Why cannot you look
calmly at a woman unless she is yours? Because, the doctor was right, you
are all possessed by a devil of destruction; you have no mercy on the woods
or the birds or on women or on one another.
VOITSKI. I don't like your philosophy.
HELENA. That doctor has a sensitive, weary face—an interesting face.
Sonia evidently likes him, and she is in love with him, and I can understand
it. This is the third time he has been here since I have come, and I have not
had a real talk with him yet or made much of him. He thinks I am
disagreeable. Do you know, Ivan, the reason you and I are such friends? I
think it is because we are both lonely and unfortunate. Yes, unfortunate.
Don't look at me in that way, I don't like it.

VOITSKI. How can I look at you otherwise when I love you? You are my
joy, my life, and my youth. I know that my chances of being loved in return
are infinitely small, do not exist, but I ask nothing of you. Only let me look
at you, listen to your voice—
HELENA. Hush, some one will overhear you.
[They go toward the house.]
VOITSKI. [Following her] Let me speak to you of my love, do not drive
me away, and this alone will be my greatest happiness!
HELENA. Ah! This is agony!
TELEGIN strikes the strings of his guitar and plays a polka. MME.
VOITSKAYA writes something on the leaves of her pamphlet.
The curtain falls.

ACT II
The dining-room of SEREBRAKOFF'S house. It is night. The tapping of
the WATCHMAN'S rattle is heard in the garden. SEREBRAKOFF is
dozing in an arm-chair by an open window and HELENA is sitting beside
him, also half asleep.
SEREBRAKOFF. [Rousing himself] Who is here? Is it you, Sonia?
HELENA. It is I.
SEREBRAKOFF. Oh, it is you, Nelly. This pain is intolerable.
HELENA. Your shawl has slipped down. [She wraps up his legs in the
shawl] Let me shut the window.
SEREBRAKOFF. No, leave it open; I am suffocating. I dreamt just now
that my left leg belonged to some one else, and it hurt so that I woke. I don't
believe this is gout, it is more like rheumatism. What time is it?
HELENA. Half past twelve. [A pause.]
SEREBRAKOFF. I want you to look for Batushka's works in the library to-
morrow. I think we have him.
HELENA. What is that?
SEREBRAKOFF. Look for Batushka to-morrow morning; we used to have
him, I remember. Why do I find it so hard to breathe?
HELENA. You are tired; this is the second night you have had no sleep.
SEREBRAKOFF. They say that Turgenieff got angina of the heart from
gout. I am afraid I am getting angina too. Oh, damn this horrible, accursed
old age! Ever since I have been old I have been hateful to myself, and I am
sure, hateful to you all as well.
HELENA. You speak as if we were to blame for your being old.

SEREBRAKOFF. I am more hateful to you than to any one.
HELENA gets up and walks away from him, sitting down at a distance.
SEREBRAKOFF. You are quite right, of course. I am not an idiot; I can
understand you. You are young and healthy and beautiful, and longing for
life, and I am an old dotard, almost a dead man already. Don't I know it? Of
course I see that it is foolish for me to live so long, but wait! I shall soon set
you all free. My life cannot drag on much longer.
HELENA. You are overtaxing my powers of endurance. Be quiet, for God's
sake!
SEREBRAKOFF. It appears that, thanks to me, everybody's power of
endurance is being overtaxed; everybody is miserable, only I am blissfully
triumphant. Oh, yes, of course!
HELENA. Be quiet! You are torturing me.
SEREBRAKOFF. I torture everybody. Of course.
HELENA. [Weeping] This is unbearable! Tell me, what is it you want me to
do?
SEREBRAKOFF. Nothing.
HELENA. Then be quiet, please.
SEREBRAKOFF. It is funny that everybody listens to Ivan and his old idiot
of a mother, but the moment I open my lips you all begin to feel ill-treated.
You can't even stand the sound of my voice. Even if I am hateful, even if I
am a selfish tyrant, haven't I the right to be one at my age? Haven't I
deserved it? Haven't I, I ask you, the right to be respected, now that I am
old?
HELENA. No one is disputing your rights. [The window slams in the wind]
The wind is rising, I must shut the window. [She shuts it] We shall have rain
in a moment. Your rights have never been questioned by anybody.
The WATCHMAN in the garden sounds his rattle.

SEREBRAKOFF. I have spent my life working in the interests of learning. I
am used to my library and the lecture hall and to the esteem and admiration
of my colleagues. Now I suddenly find myself plunged in this wilderness,
condemned to see the same stupid people from morning till night and listen
to their futile conversation. I want to live; I long for success and fame and
the stir of the world, and here I am in exile! Oh, it is dreadful to spend every
moment grieving for the lost past, to see the success of others and sit here
with nothing to do but to fear death. I cannot stand it! It is more than I can
bear. And you will not even forgive me for being old!
HELENA. Wait, have patience; I shall be old myself in four or five years.
SONIA comes in.
SONIA. Father, you sent for Dr. Astroff, and now when he comes you
refuse to see him. It is not nice to give a man so much trouble for nothing.
SEREBRAKOFF. What do I care about your Astroff? He understands
medicine about as well as I understand astronomy.
SONIA. We can't send for the whole medical faculty, can we, to treat your
gout?
SEREBRAKOFF. I won't talk to that madman!
SONIA. Do as you please. It's all the same to me. [She sits down.]
SEREBRAKOFF. What time is it?
HELENA. One o'clock.
SEREBRAKOFF. It is stifling in here. Sonia, hand me that bottle on the
table.
SONIA. Here it is. [She hands him a bottle of medicine.]
SEREBRAKOFF. [Crossly] No, not that one! Can't you understand me?
Can't I ask you to do a thing?
SONIA. Please don't be captious with me. Some people may like it, but you
must spare me, if you please, because I don't. Besides, I haven't the time;
we are cutting the hay to-morrow and I must get up early.

VOITSKI comes in dressed in a long gown and carrying a candle.
VOITSKI. A thunderstorm is coming up. [The lightning flashes] There it is!
Go to bed, Helena and Sonia. I have come to take your place.
SEREBRAKOFF. [Frightened] No, n-o, no! Don't leave me alone with him!
Oh, don't. He will begin to lecture me.
VOITSKI. But you must give them a little rest. They have not slept for two
nights.
SEREBRAKOFF. Then let them go to bed, but you go away too! Thank
you. I implore you to go. For the sake of our former friendship do not
protest against going. We will talk some other time——
VOITSKI. Our former friendship! Our former——
SONIA. Hush, Uncle Vanya!
SEREBRAKOFF. [To his wife] My darling, don't leave me alone with him.
He will begin to lecture me.
VOITSKI. This is ridiculous.
MARINA comes in carrying a candle.
SONIA. You must go to bed, nurse, it is late.
MARINA. I haven't cleared away the tea things. Can't go to bed yet.
SEREBRAKOFF. No one can go to bed. They are all worn out, only I enjoy
perfect happiness.
MARINA. [Goes up to SEREBRAKOFF and speaks tenderly] What's the
matter, master? Does it hurt? My own legs are aching too, oh, so badly.
[Arranges his shawl about his legs] You have had this illness such a long
time. Sonia's dead mother used to stay awake with you too, and wear herself
out for you. She loved you dearly. [A pause] Old people want to be pitied as
much as young ones, but nobody cares about them somehow. [She kisses
SEREBRAKOFF'S shoulder] Come, master, let me give you some linden-
tea and warm your poor feet for you. I shall pray to God for you.

SEREBRAKOFF. [Touched] Let us go, Marina.
MARINA. My own feet are aching so badly, oh, so badly! [She and SONIA
lead SEREBRAKOFF out] Sonia's mother used to wear herself out with
sorrow and weeping. You were still little and foolish then, Sonia. Come,
come, master.
SEREBRAKOFF, SONIA and MARINA go out.
HELENA. I am absolutely exhausted by him, and can hardly stand.
VOITSKI. You are exhausted by him, and I am exhausted by my own self. I
have not slept for three nights.
HELENA. Something is wrong in this house. Your mother hates everything
but her pamphlets and the professor; the professor is vexed, he won't trust
me, and fears you; Sonia is angry with her father, and with me, and hasn't
spoken to me for two weeks; I am at the end of my strength, and have come
near bursting into tears at least twenty times to-day. Something is wrong in
this house.
VOITSKI. Leave speculating alone.
HELENA. You are cultured and intelligent, Ivan, and you surely understand
that the world is not destroyed by villains and conflagrations, but by hate
and malice and all this spiteful tattling. It is your duty to make peace, and
not to growl at everything.
VOITSKI. Help me first to make peace with myself. My darling! [Seizes
her hand.]
HELENA. Let go! [She drags her hand away] Go away!
VOITSKI. Soon the rain will be over, and all nature will sigh and awake
refreshed. Only I am not refreshed by the storm. Day and night the thought
haunts me like a fiend, that my life is lost for ever. My past does not count,
because I frittered it away on trifles, and the present has so terribly
miscarried! What shall I do with my life and my love? What is to become of
them? This wonderful feeling of mine will be wasted and lost as a ray of
sunlight is lost that falls into a dark chasm, and my life will go with it.

HELENA. I am as it were benumbed when you speak to me of your love,
and I don't know how to answer you. Forgive me, I have nothing to say to
you. [She tries to go out] Good-night!
VOITSKI. [Barring the way] If you only knew how I am tortured by the
thought that beside me in this house is another life that is being lost forever
—it is yours! What are you waiting for? What accursed philosophy stands
in your way? Oh, understand, understand——
HELENA. [Looking at him intently] Ivan, you are drunk!
VOITSKI. Perhaps. Perhaps.
HELENA. Where is the doctor?
VOITSKI. In there, spending the night with me. Perhaps I am drunk,
perhaps I am; nothing is impossible.
HELENA. Have you just been drinking together? Why do you do that?
VOITSKI. Because in that way I get a taste of life. Let me do it, Helena!
HELENA. You never used to drink, and you never used to talk so much. Go
to bed, I am tired of you.
VOITSKI. [Falling on his knees before her] My sweetheart, my beautiful
one——
HELENA. [Angrily] Leave me alone! Really, this has become too
disagreeable.
HELENA goes out. A pause.
VOITSKI [Alone] She is gone! I met her first ten years ago, at her sister's
house, when she was seventeen and I was thirty-seven. Why did I not fall in
love with her then and propose to her? It would have been so easy! And
now she would have been my wife. Yes, we would both have been waked
to-night by the thunderstorm, and she would have been frightened, but I
would have held her in my arms and whispered: "Don't be afraid! I am
here." Oh, enchanting dream, so sweet that I laugh to think of it. [He
laughs] But my God! My head reels! Why am I so old? Why won't she

understand me? I hate all that rhetoric of hers, that morality of indolence,
that absurd talk about the destruction of the world——[A pause] Oh, how I
have been deceived! For years I have worshipped that miserable gout-
ridden professor. Sonia and I have squeezed this estate dry for his sake. We
have bartered our butter and curds and peas like misers, and have never
kept a morsel for ourselves, so that we could scrape enough pennies
together to send to him. I was proud of him and of his learning; I received
all his words and writings as inspired, and now? Now he has retired, and
what is the total of his life? A blank! He is absolutely unknown, and his
fame has burst like a soap-bubble. I have been deceived; I see that now,
basely deceived.
ASTROFF comes in. He has his coat on, but is without his waistcoat or
collar, and is slightly drunk. TELEGIN follows him, carrying a guitar.
ASTROFF. Play!
TELEGIN. But every one is asleep.
ASTROFF. Play!
TELEGIN begins to play softly.
ASTROFF. Are you alone here? No women about? [Sings with his arms
akimbo.]

"The hut is cold, the fire is dead;
Where shall the master lay his head?"

The thunderstorm woke me. It was a heavy shower. What time is it?
VOITSKI. The devil only knows.
ASTROFF. I thought I heard Helena's voice.
VOITSKI. She was here a moment ago.
ASTROFF. What a beautiful woman! [Looking at the medicine bottles on
the table] Medicine, is it? What a variety we have; prescriptions from
Moscow, from Kharkoff, from Tula! Why, he has been pestering all the
towns of Russia with his gout! Is he ill, or simply shamming?

VOITSKI. He is really ill.
ASTROFF. What is the matter with you to-night? You seem sad. Is it
because you are sorry for the professor?
VOITSKI. Leave me alone.
ASTROFF. Or in love with the professor's wife?
VOITSKI. She is my friend.
ASTROFF. Already?
VOITSKI. What do you mean by "already"?
ASTROFF. A woman can only become a man's friend after having first
been his acquaintance and then his beloved—then she becomes his friend.
VOITSKI. What vulgar philosophy!
ASTROFF. What do you mean? Yes, I must confess I am getting vulgar, but
then, you see, I am drunk. I usually only drink like this once a month. At
such times my audacity and temerity know no bounds. I feel capable of
anything. I attempt the most difficult operations and do them magnificently.
The most brilliant plans for the future take shape in my head. I am no
longer a poor fool of a doctor, but mankind's greatest benefactor. I evolve
my own system of philosophy and all of you seem to crawl at my feet like
so many insects or microbes. [To TELEGIN] Play, Waffles!
TELEGIN. My dear boy, I would with all my heart, but do listen to reason;
everybody in the house is asleep.
ASTROFF. Play!
TELEGIN plays softly.
ASTROFF. I want a drink. Come, we still have some brandy left. And then,
as soon as it is day, you will come home with me. [He sees SONIA, who
comes in at that moment.]
ASTROFF. I beg your pardon, I have no collar on.

[He goes out quickly, followed by TELEGIN.]
SONIA. Uncle Vanya, you and the doctor have been drinking! The good
fellows have been getting together! It is all very well for him, he has always
done it, but why do you follow his example? It looks dreadfully at your age.
VOITSKI. Age has nothing to do with it. When real life is wanting one
must create an illusion. It is better than nothing.
SONIA. Our hay is all cut and rotting in these daily rains, and here you are
busy creating illusions! You have given up the farm altogether. I have done
all the work alone until I am at the end of my strength—[Frightened] Uncle!
Your eyes are full of tears!
VOITSKI. Tears? Nonsense, there are no tears in my eyes. You looked at
me then just as your dead mother used to, my darling—[He eagerly kisses
her face and hands] My sister, my dearest sister, where are you now? Ah, if
you only knew, if you only knew!
SONIA. If she only knew what, Uncle?
VOITSKI. My heart is bursting. It is awful. No matter, though. I must go.
[He goes out.]
SONIA. [Knocks at the door] Dr. Astroff! Are you awake? Please come
here for a minute.
ASTROFF. [Behind the door] In a moment.
He appears in a few seconds. He has put on his collar and waistcoat.
ASTROFF. What do you want?
SONIA. Drink as much as you please yourself if you don't find it revolting,
but I implore you not to let my uncle do it. It is bad for him.
ASTROFF. Very well; we won't drink any more. I am going home at once.
That is settled. It will be dawn by the time the horses are harnessed.
SONIA. It is still raining; wait till morning.

ASTROFF. The storm is blowing over. This is only the edge of it. I must go.
And please don't ask me to come and see your father any more. I tell him he
has gout, and he says it is rheumatism. I tell him to lie down, and he sits up.
To-day he refused to see me at all.
SONIA. He has been spoilt. [She looks in the sideboard] Won't you have a
bite to eat?
ASTROFF. Yes, please. I believe I will.
SONIA. I love to eat at night. I am sure we shall find something in here.
They say that he has made a great many conquests in his life, and that the
women have spoiled him. Here is some cheese for you.
[They stand eating by the sideboard.]
ASTROFF. I haven't eaten anything to-day. Your father has a very difficult
nature. [He takes a bottle out of the sideboard] May I? [He pours himself a
glass of vodka] We are alone here, and I can speak frankly. Do you know, I
could not stand living in this house for even a month? This atmosphere
would stifle me. There is your father, entirely absorbed in his books, and his
gout; there is your Uncle Vanya with his hypochondria, your grandmother,
and finally, your step-mother—
SONIA. What about her?
ASTROFF. A human being should be entirely beautiful: the face, the
clothes, the mind, the thoughts. Your step-mother is, of course, beautiful to
look at, but don't you see? She does nothing but sleep and eat and walk and
bewitch us, and that is all. She has no responsibilities, everything is done
for her—am I not right? And an idle life can never be a pure one. [A pause]
However, I may be judging her too severely. Like your Uncle Vanya, I am
discontented, and so we are both grumblers.
SONIA. Aren't you satisfied with life?
ASTROFF. I like life as life, but I hate and despise it in a little Russian
country village, and as far as my own personal life goes, by heaven! there is
absolutely no redeeming feature about it. Haven't you noticed if you are
riding through a dark wood at night and see a little light shining ahead, how

you forget your fatigue and the darkness and the sharp twigs that whip your
face? I work, that you know—as no one else in the country works. Fate
beats me on without rest; at times I suffer unendurably and I see no light
ahead. I have no hope; I do not like people. It is long since I have loved any
one.
SONIA. You love no one?
ASTROFF. Not a soul. I only feel a sort of tenderness for your old nurse for
old-times' sake. The peasants are all alike; they are stupid and live in dirt,
and the educated people are hard to get along with. One gets tired of them.
All our good friends are petty and shallow and see no farther than their own
noses; in one word, they are dull. Those that have brains are hysterical,
devoured with a mania for self-analysis. They whine, they hate, they pick
faults everywhere with unhealthy sharpness. They sneak up to me sideways,
look at me out of a corner of the eye, and say: "That man is a lunatic," "That
man is a wind-bag." Or, if they don't know what else to label me with, they
say I am strange. I like the woods; that is strange. I don't eat meat; that is
strange, too. Simple, natural relations between man and man or man and
nature do not exist. [He tries to go out; SONIA prevents him.]
SONIA. I beg you, I implore you, not to drink any more!
ASTROFF. Why not?
SONIA. It is so unworthy of you. You are well-bred, your voice is sweet,
you are even—more than any one I know—handsome. Why do you want to
resemble the common people that drink and play cards? Oh, don't, I beg
you! You always say that people do not create anything, but only destroy
what heaven has given them. Why, oh, why, do you destroy yourself? Oh,
don't, I implore you not to! I entreat you!
ASTROFF. [Gives her his hand] I won't drink any more.
SONIA. Promise me.
ASTROFF. I give you my word of honour.
SONIA. [Squeezing his hand] Thank you.

ASTROFF. I have done with it. You see, I am perfectly sober again, and so I
shall stay till the end of my life. [He looks his watch] But, as I was saying,
life holds nothing for me; my race is run. I am old, I am tired, I am trivial;
my sensibilities are dead. I could never attach myself to any one again. I
love no one, and never shall! Beauty alone has the power to touch me still. I
am deeply moved by it. Helena could turn my head in a day if she wanted
to, but that is not love, that is not affection—
[He shudders and covers his face with his hands.]
SONIA. What is it?
ASTROFF. Nothing. During Lent one of my patients died under
chloroform.
SONIA. It is time to forget that. [A pause] Tell me, doctor, if I had a friend
or a younger sister, and if you knew that she, well—loved you, what would
you do?
ASTROFF. [Shrugging his shoulders] I don't know. I don't think I should do
anything. I should make her understand that I could not return her love—
however, my mind is not bothered about those things now. I must start at
once if I am ever to get off. Good-bye, my dear girl. At this rate we shall
stand here talking till morning. [He shakes hands with her] I shall go out
through the sitting-room, because I am afraid your uncle might detain me.
[He goes out.]
SONIA. [Alone] Not a word! His heart and soul are still locked from me,
and yet for some reason I am strangely happy. I wonder why? [She laughs
with pleasure] I told him that he was well-bred and handsome and that his
voice was sweet. Was that a mistake? I can still feel his voice vibrating in
the air; it caresses me. [Wringing her hands] Oh! how terrible it is to be
plain! I am plain, I know it. As I came out of church last Sunday I
overheard a woman say, "She is a dear, noble girl, but what a pity she is so
ugly!" So ugly!
HELENA comes in and throws open the window.
HELENA. The storm is over. What delicious air! [A pause] Where is the
doctor?

SONIA. He has gone. [A pause.]
HELENA. Sonia!
SONIA. Yes?
HELENA. How much longer are you going to sulk at me? We have not hurt
each other. Why not be friends? We have had enough of this.
SONIA. I myself—[She embraces HELENA] Let us make peace.
HELENA. With all my heart. [They are both moved.]
SONIA. Has papa gone to bed?
HELENA. No, he is sitting up in the drawing-room. Heaven knows what
reason you and I had for not speaking to each other for weeks. [Sees the
open sideboard] Who left the sideboard open?
SONIA. Dr. Astroff has just had supper.
HELENA. There is some wine. Let us seal our friendship.
SONIA. Yes, let us.
HELENA. Out of one glass. [She fills a wine-glass] So, we are friends, are
we?
SONIA. Yes. [They drink and kiss each other] I have long wanted to make
friends, but somehow, I was ashamed to. [She weeps.]
HELENA. Why are you crying?
SONIA. I don't know. It is nothing.
HELENA. There, there, don't cry. [She weeps] Silly! Now I am crying too.
[A pause] You are angry with me because I seem to have married your
father for his money, but don't believe the gossip you hear. I swear to you I
married him for love. I was fascinated by his fame and learning. I know
now that it was not real love, but it seemed real at the time. I am innocent,
and yet your clever, suspicious eyes have been punishing me for an
imaginary crime ever since my marriage.

SONIA. Peace, peace! Let us forget the past.
HELENA. You must not look so at people. It is not becoming to you. You
must trust people, or life becomes impossible.
SONIA. Tell me truly, as a friend, are you happy?
HELENA. Truly, no.
SONIA. I knew it. One more question: do you wish your husband were
young?
HELENA. What a child you are! Of course I do. Go on, ask something else.
SONIA. Do you like the doctor?
HELENA. Yes, very much indeed.
SONIA. [Laughing] I have a stupid face, haven't I? He has just gone out,
and his voice is still in my ears; I hear his step; I see his face in the dark
window. Let me say all I have in my heart! But no, I cannot speak of it so
loudly. I am ashamed. Come to my room and let me tell you there. I seem
foolish to you, don't I? Talk to me of him.
HELENA. What can I say?
SONIA. He is clever. He can do everything. He can cure the sick, and plant
woods.
HELENA. It is not a question of medicine and woods, my dear, he is a man
of genius. Do you know what that means? It means he is brave, profound,
and of clear insight. He plants a tree and his mind travels a thousand years
into the future, and he sees visions of the happiness of the human race.
People like him are rare and should be loved. What if he does drink and act
roughly at times? A man of genius cannot be a saint in Russia. There he
lives, cut off from the world by cold and storm and endless roads of
bottomless mud, surrounded by a rough people who are crushed by poverty
and disease, his life one continuous struggle, with never a day's respite; how
can a man live like that for forty years and keep himself sober and
unspotted? [Kissing SONIA] I wish you happiness with all my heart; you
deserve it. [She gets up] As for me, I am a worthless, futile woman. I have

always been futile; in music, in love, in my husband's house—in a word, in
everything. When you come to think of it, Sonia, I am really very, very
unhappy. [Walks excitedly up and down] Happiness can never exist for me
in this world. Never. Why do you laugh?
SONIA. [Laughing and covering her face with her hands] I am so happy, so
happy!
HELENA. I want to hear music. I might play a little.
SONIA. Oh, do, do! [She embraces her] I could not possibly go to sleep
now. Do play!
HELENA. Yes, I will. Your father is still awake. Music irritates him when
he is ill, but if he says I may, then I shall play a little. Go, Sonia, and ask
him.
SONIA. Very well.
[She goes out. The WATCHMAN'S rattle is heard in the garden.]
HELENA. It is long since I have heard music. And now, I shall sit and play,
and weep like a fool. [Speaking out of the window] Is that you rattling out
there, Ephim?
VOICE OF THE WATCHMAN. It is I.
HELENA. Don't make such a noise. Your master is ill.
VOICE OF THE WATCHMAN. I am going away this minute. [Whistles a
tune.]
SONIA. [Comes back] He says, no.
The curtain falls.

ACT III
The drawing-room of SEREBRAKOFF'S house. There are three doors: one
to the right, one to the left, and one in the centre of the room. VOITSKI and
SONIA are sitting down. HELENA is walking up and down, absorbed in
thought.
VOITSKI. We were asked by the professor to be here at one o'clock. [Looks
at his watch] It is now a quarter to one. It seems he has some
communication to make to the world.
HELENA. Probably a matter of business.
VOITSKI. He never had any business. He writes twaddle, grumbles, and
eats his heart out with jealousy; that's all he does.
SONIA. [Reproachfully] Uncle!
VOITSKI. All right. I beg your pardon. [He points to HELENA] Look at
her. Wandering up and down from sheer idleness. A sweet picture, really.
HELENA. I wonder you are not bored, droning on in the same key from
morning till night. [Despairingly] I am dying of this tedium. What shall I
do?
SONIA. [Shrugging her shoulders] There is plenty to do if you would.
HELENA. For instance?
SONIA. You could help run this place, teach the children, care for the sick
—isn't that enough? Before you and papa came, Uncle Vanya and I used to
go to market ourselves to deal in flour.
HELENA. I don't know anything about such things, and besides, they don't
interest me. It is only in novels that women go out and teach and heal the
peasants; how can I suddenly begin to do it?

SONIA. How can you live here and not do it? Wait awhile, you will get
used to it all. [Embraces her] Don't be sad, dearest. [Laughing] You feel
miserable and restless, and can't seem to fit into this life, and your
restlessness is catching. Look at Uncle Vanya, he does nothing now but
haunt you like a shadow, and I have left my work to-day to come here and
talk with you. I am getting lazy, and don't want to go on with it. Dr. Astroff
hardly ever used to come here; it was all we could do to persuade him to
visit us once a month, and now he has abandoned his forestry and his
practice, and comes every day. You must be a witch.
VOITSKI. Why should you languish here? Come, my dearest, my beauty,
be sensible! The blood of a Nixey runs in your veins. Oh, won't you let
yourself be one? Give your nature the reins for once in your life; fall head
over ears in love with some other water sprite and plunge down head first
into a deep pool, so that the Herr Professor and all of us may have our
hands free again.
HELENA. [Angrily] Leave me alone! How cruel you are! [She tries to go
out.]
VOITSKI. [Preventing her] There, there, my beauty, I apologise. [He kisses
her hand] Forgive me.
HELENA. Confess that you would try the patience of an angel.
VOITSKI. As a peace offering I am going to fetch some flowers which I
picked for you this morning: some autumn roses, beautiful, sorrowful roses.
[He goes out.]
SONIA. Autumn roses, beautiful, sorrowful roses!
[She and HELENA stand looking out of the window.]
HELENA. September already! How shall we live through the long winter
here? [A pause] Where is the doctor?
SONIA. He is writing in Uncle Vanya's room. I am glad Uncle Vanya has
gone out, I want to talk to you about something.
HELENA. About what?

SONIA. About what?
[She lays her head on HELENA'S breast.]
HELENA. [Stroking her hair] There, there, that will do. Don't, Sonia.
SONIA. I am ugly!
HELENA. You have lovely hair.
SONIA. Don't say that! [She turns to look at herself in the glass] No, when
a woman is ugly they always say she has beautiful hair or eyes. I have loved
him now for six years, I have loved him more than one loves one's mother. I
seem to hear him beside me every moment of the day. I feel the pressure of
his hand on mine. If I look up, I seem to see him coming, and as you see, I
run to you to talk of him. He is here every day now, but he never looks at
me, he does not notice my presence. It is agony. I have absolutely no hope,
no, no hope. Oh, my God! Give me strength to endure. I prayed all last
night. I often go up to him and speak to him and look into his eyes. My
pride is gone. I am not mistress of myself. Yesterday I told Uncle Vanya I
couldn't control myself, and all the servants know it. Every one knows that I
love him.
HELENA. Does he?
SONIA. No, he never notices me.
HELENA. [Thoughtfully] He is a strange man. Listen, Sonia, will you
allow me to speak to him? I shall be careful, only hint. [A pause] Really, to
be in uncertainty all these years! Let me do it!
SONIA nods an affirmative.
HELENA. Splendid! It will be easy to find out whether he loves you or not.
Don't be ashamed, sweetheart, don't worry. I shall be careful; he will not
notice a thing. We only want to find out whether it is yes or no, don't we?
[A pause] And if it is no, then he must keep away from here, is that so?
SONIA nods.

HELENA. It will be easier not to see him any more. We won't put off the
examination an instant. He said he had a sketch to show me. Go and tell
him at once that I want to see him.
SONIA. [In great excitement] Will you tell me the whole truth?
HELENA. Of course I will. I am sure that no matter what it is, it will be
easier for you to bear than this uncertainty. Trust to me, dearest.
SONIA. Yes, yes. I shall say that you want to see his sketch. [She starts out,
but stops near the door and looks back] No, it is better not to know—and
yet—there may be hope.
HELENA. What do you say?
SONIA. Nothing. [She goes out.]
HELENA. [Alone] There is no greater sorrow than to know another's secret
when you cannot help them. [In deep thought] He is obviously not in love
with her, but why shouldn't he marry her? She is not pretty, but she is so
clever and pure and good, she would make a splendid wife for a country
doctor of his years. [A pause] I can understand how the poor child feels.
She lives here in this desperate loneliness with no one around her except
these colourless shadows that go mooning about talking nonsense and
knowing nothing except that they eat, drink, and sleep. Among them
appears from time to time this Dr. Astroff, so different, so handsome, so
interesting, so charming. It is like seeing the moon rise on a dark night. Oh,
to surrender oneself to his embrace! To lose oneself in his arms! I am a little
in love with him myself! Yes, I am lonely without him, and when I think of
him I smile. That Uncle Vanya says I have the blood of a Nixey in my
veins: "Give rein to your nature for once in your life!" Perhaps it is right
that I should. Oh, to be free as a bird, to fly away from all your sleepy faces
and your talk and forget that you have existed at all! But I am a coward, I
am afraid; my conscience torments me. He comes here every day now. I can
guess why, and feel guilty already; I should like to fall on my knees at
Sonia's feet and beg her forgiveness, and weep.
ASTROFF comes in carrying a portfolio.

ASTROFF. How do you do? [Shakes hands with her] Do you want to see
my sketch?
HELENA. Yes, you promised to show me what you had been doing. Have
you time now?
ASTROFF. Of course I have!
He lays the portfolio on the table, takes out the sketch and fastens it to the
table with thumb-tacks.
ASTROFF. Where were you born?
HELENA. [Helping him] In St. Petersburg.
ASTROFF. And educated?
HELENA. At the Conservatory there.
ASTROFF. You don't find this life very interesting, I dare say?
HELENA. Oh, why not? It is true I don't know the country very well, but I
have read a great deal about it.
ASTROFF. I have my own desk there in Ivan's room. When I am absolutely
too exhausted to go on I drop everything and rush over here to forget myself
in this work for an hour or two. Ivan and Miss Sonia sit rattling at their
counting-boards, the cricket chirps, and I sit beside them and paint, feeling
warm and peaceful. But I don't permit myself this luxury very often, only
once a month. [Pointing to the picture] Look there! That is a map of our
country as it was fifty years ago. The green tints, both dark and light,
represent forests. Half the map, as you see, is covered with it. Where the
green is striped with red the forests were inhabited by elk and wild goats.
Here on this lake, lived great flocks of swans and geese and ducks; as the
old men say, there was a power of birds of every kind. Now they have
vanished like a cloud. Beside the hamlets and villages, you see, I have
dotted down here and there the various settlements, farms, hermit's caves,
and water-mills. This country carried a great many cattle and horses, as you
can see by the quantity of blue paint. For instance, see how thickly it lies in
this part; there were great herds of them here, an average of three horses to
every house. [A pause] Now, look lower down. This is the country as it was

twenty-five years ago. Only a third of the map is green now with forests.
There are no goats left and no elk. The blue paint is lighter, and so on, and
so on. Now we come to the third part; our country as it appears to-day. We
still see spots of green, but not much. The elk, the swans, the black-cock
have disappeared. It is, on the whole, the picture of a regular and slow
decline which it will evidently only take about ten or fifteen more years to
complete. You may perhaps object that it is the march of progress, that the
old order must give place to the new, and you might be right if roads had
been run through these ruined woods, or if factories and schools had taken
their place. The people then would have become better educated and
healthier and richer, but as it is, we have nothing of the sort. We have the
same swamps and mosquitoes; the same disease and want; the typhoid, the
diphtheria, the burning villages. We are confronted by the degradation of
our country, brought on by the fierce struggle for existence of the human
race. It is the consequence of the ignorance and unconsciousness of
starving, shivering, sick humanity that, to save its children, instinctively
snatches at everything that can warm it and still its hunger. So it destroys
everything it can lay its hands on, without a thought for the morrow. And
almost everything has gone, and nothing has been created to take its place.
[Coldly] But I see by your face that I am not interesting you.
HELENA. I know so little about such things!
ASTROFF. There is nothing to know. It simply isn't interesting, that's all.
HELENA. Frankly, my thoughts were elsewhere. Forgive me! I want to
submit you to a little examination, but I am embarrassed and don't know
how to begin.
ASTROFF. An examination?
HELENA. Yes, but quite an innocent one. Sit down. [They sit down] It is
about a certain young girl I know. Let us discuss it like honest people, like
friends, and then forget what has passed between us, shall we?
ASTROFF. Very well.
HELENA. It is about my step-daughter, Sonia. Do you like her?
ASTROFF. Yes, I respect her.

HELENA. Do you like her—as a woman?
ASTROFF. [Slowly] No.
HELENA. One more word, and that will be the last. You have not noticed
anything?
ASTROFF. No, nothing.
HELENA. [Taking his hand] You do not love her. I see that in your eyes.
She is suffering. You must realise that, and not come here any more.
ASTROFF. My sun has set, yes, and then I haven't the time. [Shrugging his
shoulders] Where shall I find time for such things? [He is embarrassed.]
HELENA. Bah! What an unpleasant conversation! I am as out of breath as
if I had been running three miles uphill. Thank heaven, that is over! Now let
us forget everything as if nothing had been said. You are sensible. You
understand. [A pause] I am actually blushing.
ASTROFF. If you had spoken a month ago I might perhaps have considered
it, but now—[He shrugs his shoulders] Of course, if she is suffering—but I
cannot understand why you had to put me through this examination. [He
searches her face with his eyes, and shakes his finger at her] Oho, you are
wily!
HELENA. What does this mean?
ASTROFF. [Laughing] You are a wily one! I admit that Sonia is suffering,
but what does this examination of yours mean? [He prevents her from
retorting, and goes on quickly] Please don't put on such a look of surprise;
you know perfectly well why I come here every day. Yes, you know
perfectly why and for whose sake I come! Oh, my sweet tigress! don't look
at me in that way; I am an old bird!
HELENA. [Perplexed] A tigress? I don't understand you.
ASTROFF. Beautiful, sleek tigress, you must have your victims! For a
whole month I have done nothing but seek you eagerly. I have thrown over
everything for you, and you love to see it. Now then, I am sure you knew all

this without putting me through your examination. [Crossing his arms and
bowing his head] I surrender. Here you have me—now, eat me.
HELENA. You have gone mad!
ASTROFF. You are afraid!
HELENA. I am a better and stronger woman than you think me. Good-bye.
[She tries to leave the room.]
ASTROFF. Why good-bye? Don't say good-bye, don't waste words. Oh,
how lovely you are—what hands! [He kisses her hands.]
HELENA. Enough of this! [She frees her hands] Leave the room! You have
forgotten yourself.
ASTROFF. Tell me, tell me, where can we meet to-morrow? [He puts his
arm around her] Don't you see that we must meet, that it is inevitable?
He kisses her. VOITSKI comes in carrying a bunch of roses, and stops in
the doorway.
HELENA. [Without seeing VOITSKI] Have pity! Leave me, [lays her head
on ASTROFF'S shoulder] Don't! [She tries to break away from him.]
ASTROFF. [Holding her by the waist] Be in the forest tomorrow at two
o'clock. Will you? Will you?
HELENA. [Sees VOITSKI] Let me go! [Goes to the window deeply
embarrassed] This is appalling!
VOITSKI. [Throws the flowers on a chair, and speaks in great excitement,
wiping his face with his handkerchief] Nothing—yes, yes, nothing.
ASTROFF. The weather is fine to-day, my dear Ivan; the morning was
overcast and looked like rain, but now the sun is shining again. Honestly,
we have had a very fine autumn, and the wheat is looking fairly well. [Puts
his map back into the portfolio] But the days are growing short.
HELENA. [Goes quickly up to VOITSKI] You must do your best; you must
use all your power to get my husband and myself away from here to-day!
Do you hear? I say, this very day!

VOITSKI. [Wiping his face] Oh! Ah! Oh! All right! I—Helena, I saw
everything!
HELENA. [In great agitation] Do you hear me? I must leave here this very
day!
SEREBRAKOFF, SONIA, MARINA, and TELEGIN come in.
TELEGIN. I am not very well myself, your Excellency. I have been limping
for two days, and my head—
SEREBRAKOFF. Where are the others? I hate this house. It is a regular
labyrinth. Every one is always scattered through the twenty-six enormous
rooms; one never can find a soul. [Rings] Ask my wife and Madame
Voitskaya to come here!
HELENA. I am here already.
SEREBRAKOFF. Please, all of you, sit down.
SONIA. [Goes up to HELENA and asks anxiously] What did he say?
HELENA. I'll tell you later.
SONIA. You are moved. [looking quickly and inquiringly into her face] I
understand; he said he would not come here any more. [A pause] Tell me,
did he?
HELENA nods.
SEREBRAKOFF. [To TELEGIN] One can, after all, become reconciled to
being an invalid, but not to this country life. The ways of it stick in my
throat and I feel exactly as if I had been whirled off the earth and landed on
a strange planet. Please be seated, ladies and gentlemen. Sonia! [SONIA
does not hear. She is standing with her head bowed sadly forward on her
breast] Sonia! [A pause] She does not hear me. [To MARINA] Sit down
too, nurse. [MARINA sits down and begins to knit her stocking] I crave
your indulgence, ladies and gentlemen; hang your ears, if I may say so, on
the peg of attention. [He laughs.]
VOITSKI. [Agitated] Perhaps you do not need me—may I be excused?

SEREBRAKOFF. No, you are needed now more than any one.
VOITSKI. What is it you want of me?
SEREBRAKOFF. You—but what are you angry about? If it is anything I
have done, I ask you to forgive me.
VOITSKI. Oh, drop that and come to business; what do you want?
MME. VOITSKAYA comes in.
SEREBRAKOFF. Here is mother. Ladies and gentlemen, I shall begin. I
have asked you to assemble here, my friends, in order to discuss a very
important matter. I want to ask you for your assistance and advice, and
knowing your unfailing amiability I think I can count on both. I am a book-
worm and a scholar, and am unfamiliar with practical affairs. I cannot, I
find, dispense with the help of well-informed people such as you, Ivan, and
you, Telegin, and you, mother. The truth is, manet omnes una nox, that is to
say, our lives are in the hands of God, and as I am old and ill, I realise that
the time has come for me to dispose of my property in regard to the
interests of my family. My life is nearly over, and I am not thinking of
myself, but I have a young wife and daughter. [A pause] I cannot continue
to live in the country; we were not made for country life, and yet we cannot
afford to live in town on the income derived from this estate. We might sell
the woods, but that would be an expedient we could not resort to every year.
We must find some means of guaranteeing to ourselves a certain more or
less fixed yearly income. With this object in view, a plan has occurred to me
which I now have the honour of presenting to you for your consideration. I
shall only give you a rough outline, avoiding all details. Our estate does not
pay on an average more than two per cent on the money invested in it. I
propose to sell it. If we then invest our capital in bonds, it will earn us four
to five per cent, and we should probably have a surplus over of several
thousand roubles, with which we could buy a summer cottage in Finland—
VOITSKI. Hold on! Repeat what you just said; I don't think I heard you
quite right.
SEREBRAKOFF. I said we would invest the money in bonds and buy a
cottage in Finland with the surplus.

VOITSKI. No, not Finland—you said something else.
SEREBRAKOFF. I propose to sell this place.
VOITSKI. Aha! That was it! So you are going to sell the place? Splendid.
The idea is a rich one. And what do you propose to do with my old mother
and me and with Sonia here?
SEREBRAKOFF. That will be decided in due time. We can't do everything
at once.
VOITSKI. Wait! It is clear that until this moment I have never had a grain
of sense in my head. I have always been stupid enough to think that the
estate belonged to Sonia. My father bought it as a wedding present for my
sister, and I foolishly imagined that as our laws were made for Russians and
not Turks, my sister's estate would come down to her child.
SEREBRAKOFF. Of course it is Sonia's. Has any one denied it? I don't
want to sell it without Sonia's consent; on the contrary, what I am doing is
for Sonia's good.
VOITSKI. This is absolutely incomprehensible. Either I have gone mad or
—or—
MME. VOITSKAYA. Jean, don't contradict Alexander. Trust to him; he
knows better than we do what is right and what is wrong.
VOITSKI. I shan't. Give me some water. [He drinks] Go ahead! Say
anything you please—anything!
SEREBRAKOFF. I can't imagine why you are so upset. I don't pretend that
my scheme is an ideal one, and if you all object to it I shall not insist. [A
pause.]
TELEGIN. [With embarrassment] I not only nourish feelings of respect
toward learning, your Excellency, but I am also drawn to it by family ties.
My brother Gregory's wife's brother, whom you may know; his name is
Constantine Lakedemonoff, and he used to be a magistrate—
VOITSKI. Stop, Waffles. This is business; wait a bit, we will talk of that
later. [To SEREBRAKOFF] There now, ask him what he thinks; this estate

was bought from his uncle.
SEREBRAKOFF. Ah! Why should I ask questions? What good would it
do?
VOITSKI. The price was ninety-five thousand roubles. My father paid
seventy and left a debt of twenty-five. Now listen! This place could never
have been bought had I not renounced my inheritance in favour of my
sister, whom I deeply loved—and what is more, I worked for ten years like
an ox, and paid off the debt.
SEREBRAKOFF. I regret ever having started this conversation.
VOITSKI. Thanks entirely to my own personal efforts, the place is entirely
clear of debts, and now, when I have grown old, you want to throw me out,
neck and crop!
SEREBRAKOFF. I can't imagine what you are driving at.
VOITSKI. For twenty-five years I have managed this place, and have sent
you the returns from it like the most honest of servants, and you have never
given me one single word of thanks for my work, not one—neither in my
youth nor now. You allowed me a meagre salary of five hundred roubles a
year, a beggar's pittance, and have never even thought of adding a rouble to
it.
SEREBRAKOFF. What did I know about such things, Ivan? I am not a
practical man and don't understand them. You might have helped yourself to
all you wanted.
VOITSKI. Yes, why did I not steal? Don't you all despise me for not
stealing, when it would have been only justice? And I should not now have
been a beggar!
MME. VOITSKAYA. [Sternly] Jean!
TELEGIN. [Agitated] Vanya, old man, don't talk in that way. Why spoil
such pleasant relations? [He embraces him] Do stop!
VOITSKI. For twenty-five years I have been sitting here with my mother
like a mole in a burrow. Our every thought and hope was yours and yours

only. By day we talked with pride of you and your work, and spoke your
name with veneration; our nights we wasted reading the books and papers
which my soul now loathes.
TELEGIN. Don't, Vanya, don't. I can't stand it.
SEREBRAKOFF. [Wrathfully] What under heaven do you want, anyway?
VOITSKI. We used to think of you as almost superhuman, but now the
scales have fallen from my eyes and I see you as you are! You write on art
without knowing anything about it. Those books of yours which I used to
admire are not worth one copper kopeck. You are a hoax!
SEREBRAKOFF. Can't any one make him stop? I am going!
HELENA. Ivan, I command you to stop this instant! Do you hear me?
VOITSKI. I refuse! [SEREBRAKOFF tries to get out of the room, but
VOITSKI bars the door] Wait! I have not done yet! You have wrecked my
life. I have never lived. My best years have gone for nothing, have been
ruined, thanks to you. You are my most bitter enemy!
TELEGIN. I can't stand it; I can't stand it. I am going. [He goes out in great
excitement.]
SEREBRAKOFF. But what do you want? What earthly right have you to
use such language to me? Ruination! If this estate is yours, then take it, and
let me be ruined!
HELENA. I am going away out of this hell this minute. [Shrieks] This is
too much!
VOITSKI. My life has been a failure. I am clever and brave and strong. If I
had lived a normal life I might have become another Schopenhauer or
Dostoieffski. I am losing my head! I am going crazy! Mother, I am in
despair! Oh, mother!
MME. VOITSKAYA. [Sternly] Listen, Alexander!
SONIA falls on her knees beside the nurse and nestles against her.
SONIA. Oh, nurse, nurse!

VOITSKI. Mother! What shall I do? But no, don't speak! I know what to
do. [To SEREBRAKOFF] And you will understand me!
He goes out through the door in the centre of the room and MME.
VOITSKAYA follows him.
SEREBRAKOFF. Tell me, what on earth is the matter? Take this lunatic out
of my sight! I cannot possibly live under the same roof with him. His room
[He points to the centre door] is almost next door to mine. Let him take
himself off into the village or into the wing of the house, or I shall leave
here at once. I cannot stay in the same house with him.
HELENA. [To her husband] We are leaving to-day; we must get ready at
once for our departure.
SEREBRAKOFF. What a perfectly dreadful man!
SONIA. [On her knees beside the nurse and turning to her father. She
speaks with emotion] You must be kind to us, papa. Uncle Vanya and I are
so unhappy! [Controlling her despair] Have pity on us. Remember how
Uncle Vanya and Granny used to copy and translate your books for you
every night—every, every night. Uncle Vanya has toiled without rest; he
would never spend a penny on us, we sent it all to you. We have not eaten
the bread of idleness. I am not saying this as I should like to, but you must
understand us, papa, you must be merciful to us.
HELENA. [Very excited, to her husband] For heaven's sake, Alexander, go
and have a talk with him—explain!
SEREBRAKOFF. Very well, I shall have a talk with him, but I won't
apologise for a thing. I am not angry with him, but you must confess that
his behaviour has been strange, to say the least. Excuse me, I shall go to
him.
[He goes out through the centre door.]
HELENA. Be gentle with him; try to quiet him. [She follows him out.]
SONIA. [Nestling nearer to MARINA] Nurse, oh, nurse!

MARINA. It's all right, my baby. When the geese have cackled they will be
still again. First they cackle and then they stop.
SONIA. Nurse!
MARINA. You are trembling all over, as if you were freezing. There, there,
little orphan baby, God is merciful. A little linden-tea, and it will all pass
away. Don't cry, my sweetest. [Looking angrily at the door in the centre of
the room] See, the geese have all gone now. The devil take them!
A shot is heard. HELENA screams behind the scenes. SONIA shudders.
MARINA. Bang! What's that?
SEREBRAKOFF. [Comes in reeling with terror] Hold him! hold him! He
has gone mad!
HELENA and VOITSKI are seen struggling in the doorway.
HELENA. [Trying to wrest the revolver from him] Give it to me; give it to
me, I tell you!
VOITSKI. Let me go, Helena, let me go! [He frees himself and rushes in,
looking everywhere for SEREBRAKOFF] Where is he? Ah, there he is!
[He shoots at him. A pause] I didn't get him? I missed again? [Furiously]
Damnation! Damnation! To hell with him!
He flings the revolver on the floor, and drops helpless into a chair.
SEREBRAKOFF stands as if stupefied. HELENA leans against the wall,
almost fainting.
HELENA. Take me away! Take me away! I can't stay here—I can't!
VOITSKI. [In despair] Oh, what shall I do? What shall I do?
SONIA. [Softly] Oh, nurse, nurse!
The curtain falls.

ACT IV
VOITSKI'S bedroom, which is also his office. A table stands near the
window; on it are ledgers, letter scales, and papers of every description.
Near by stands a smaller table belonging to ASTROFF, with his paints and
drawing materials. On the wall hangs a cage containing a starling. There is
also a map of Africa on the wall, obviously of no use to anybody. There is a
large sofa covered with buckram. A door to the left leads into an inner
room; one to the right leads into the front hall, and before this door lies a
mat for the peasants with their muddy boots to stand on. It is an autumn
evening. The silence is profound. TELEGIN and MARINA are sitting
facing one another, winding wool.
TELEGIN. Be quick, Marina, or we shall be called away to say good-bye
before you have finished. The carriage has already been ordered.
MARINA. [Trying to wind more quickly] I am a little tired.
TELEGIN. They are going to Kharkoff to live.
MARINA. They do well to go.
TELEGIN. They have been frightened. The professor's wife won't stay here
an hour longer. "If we are going at all, let's be off," says she, "we shall go to
Kharkoff and look about us, and then we can send for our things." They are
travelling light. It seems, Marina, that fate has decreed for them not to live
here.
MARINA. And quite rightly. What a storm they have just raised! It was
shameful!
TELEGIN. It was indeed. The scene was worthy of the brush of Aibazofski.
MARINA. I wish I'd never laid eyes on them. [A pause] Now we shall have
things as they were again: tea at eight, dinner at one, and supper in the
evening; everything in order as decent folks, as Christians like to have it.
[Sighs] It is a long time since I have eaten noodles.

TELEGIN. Yes, we haven't had noodles for ages. [A pause] Not for ages. As
I was going through the village this morning, Marina, one of the shop-
keepers called after me, "Hi! you hanger-on!" I felt it bitterly.
MARINA. Don't pay the least attention to them, master; we are all
dependents on God. You and Sonia and all of us. Every one must work, no
one can sit idle. Where is Sonia?
TELEGIN. In the garden with the doctor, looking for Ivan. They fear he
may lay violent hands on himself.
MARINA. Where is his pistol?
TELEGIN. [Whispers] I hid it in the cellar.
VOITSKI and ASTROFF come in.
VOITSKI. Leave me alone! [To MARINA and TELEGIN] Go away! Go
away and leave me to myself, if but for an hour. I won't have you watching
me like this!
TELEGIN. Yes, yes, Vanya. [He goes out on tiptoe.]
MARINA. The gander cackles; ho! ho! ho!
[She gathers up her wool and goes out.]
VOITSKI. Leave me by myself!
ASTROFF. I would, with the greatest pleasure. I ought to have gone long
ago, but I shan't leave you until you have returned what you took from me.
VOITSKI. I took nothing from you.
ASTROFF. I am not jesting, don't detain me, I really must go.
VOITSKI. I took nothing of yours.
ASTROFF. You didn't? Very well, I shall have to wait a little longer, and
then you will have to forgive me if I resort to force. We shall have to bind
you and search you. I mean what I say.

VOITSKI. Do as you please. [A pause] Oh, to make such a fool of myself!
To shoot twice and miss him both times! I shall never forgive myself.
ASTROFF. When the impulse came to shoot, it would have been as well
had you put a bullet through your own head.
VOITSKI. [Shrugging his shoulders] Strange! I attempted murder, and am
not going to be arrested or brought to trial. That means they think me mad.
[With a bitter laugh] Me! I am mad, and those who hide their worthlessness,
their dullness, their crying heartlessness behind a professor's mask, are
sane! Those who marry old men and then deceive them under the noses of
all, are sane! I saw you kiss her; I saw you in each other's arms!
ASTROFF. Yes, sir, I did kiss her; so there. [He puts his thumb to his nose.]
VOITSKI. [His eyes on the door] No, it is the earth that is mad, because she
still bears us on her breast.
ASTROFF. That is nonsense.
VOITSKI. Well? Am I not a madman, and therefore irresponsible? Haven't
I the right to talk nonsense?
ASTROFF. This is a farce! You are not mad; you are simply a ridiculous
fool. I used to think every fool was out of his senses, but now I see that lack
of sense is a man's normal state, and you are perfectly normal.
VOITSKI. [Covers his face with his hands] Oh! If you knew how ashamed
I am! These piercing pangs of shame are like nothing on earth. [In an
agonised voice] I can't endure them! [He leans against the table] What can I
do? What can I do?
ASTROFF. Nothing.
VOITSKI. You must tell me something! Oh, my God! I am forty-seven
years old. I may live to sixty; I still have thirteen years before me; an
eternity! How shall I be able to endure life for thirteen years? What shall I
do? How can I fill them? Oh, don't you see? [He presses ASTROFF'S hand
convulsively] Don't you see, if only I could live the rest of my life in some
new way! If I could only wake some still, bright morning and feel that life

had begun again; that the past was forgotten and had vanished like smoke.
[He weeps] Oh, to begin life anew! Tell me, tell me how to begin.
ASTROFF. [Crossly] What nonsense! What sort of a new life can you and I
look forward to? We can have no hope.
VOITSKI. None?
ASTROFF. None. Of that I am convinced.
VOITSKI. Tell me what to do. [He puts his hand to his heart] I feel such a
burning pain here.
ASTROFF. [Shouts angrily] Stop! [Then, more gently] It may be that
posterity, which will despise us for our blind and stupid lives, will find
some road to happiness; but we—you and I—have but one hope, the hope
that we may be visited by visions, perhaps by pleasant ones, as we lie
resting in our graves. [Sighing] Yes, brother, there were only two
respectable, intelligent men in this county, you and I. Ten years or so of this
life of ours, this miserable life, have sucked us under, and we have become
as contemptible and petty as the rest. But don't try to talk me out of my
purpose! Give me what you took from me, will you?
VOITSKI. I took nothing from you.
ASTROFF. You took a little bottle of morphine out of my medicine-case.
[A pause] Listen! If you are positively determined to make an end to
yourself, go into the woods and shoot yourself there. Give up the morphine,
or there will be a lot of talk and guesswork; people will think I gave it to
you. I don't fancy having to perform a post-mortem on you. Do you think I
should find it interesting?
SONIA comes in.
VOITSKI. Leave me alone.
ASTROFF. [To SONIA] Sonia, your uncle has stolen a bottle of morphine
out of my medicine-case and won't give it up. Tell him that his behaviour is
—well, unwise. I haven't time, I must be going.
SONIA. Uncle Vanya, did you take the morphine?

ASTROFF. Yes, he took it. [A pause] I am absolutely sure.
SONIA. Give it up! Why do you want to frighten us? [Tenderly] Give it up,
Uncle Vanya! My misfortune is perhaps even greater than yours, but I am
not plunged in despair. I endure my sorrow, and shall endure it until my life
comes to a natural end. You must endure yours, too. [A pause] Give it up!
Dear, darling Uncle Vanya. Give it up! [She weeps] You are so good, I am
sure you will have pity on us and give it up. You must endure your sorrow,
Uncle Vanya; you must endure it.
VOITSKI takes a bottle from the drawer of the table and hands it to
ASTROFF.
VOITSKI. There it is! [To SONIA] And now, we must get to work at once;
we must do something, or else I shall not be able to endure it.
SONIA. Yes, yes, to work! As soon as we have seen them off we shall go to
work. [She nervously straightens out the papers on the table] Everything is
in a muddle!
ASTROFF. [Putting the bottle in his case, which he straps together] Now I
can be off.
HELENA comes in.
HELENA. Are you here, Ivan? We are starting in a moment. Go to
Alexander, he wants to speak to you.
SONIA. Go, Uncle Vanya. [She takes VOITSKI 'S arm] Come, you and
papa must make peace; that is absolutely necessary.
SONIA and VOITSKI go out.
HELENA. I am going away. [She gives ASTROFF her hand] Good-bye.
ASTROFF. So soon?
HELENA. The carriage is waiting.
ASTROFF. Good-bye.
HELENA. You promised me you would go away yourself to-day.

ASTROFF. I have not forgotten. I am going at once. [A pause] Were you
frightened? Was it so terrible?
HELENA. Yes.
ASTROFF. Couldn't you stay? Couldn't you? To-morrow—in the forest—
HELENA. No. It is all settled, and that is why I can look you so bravely in
the face. Our departure is fixed. One thing I must ask of you: don't think too
badly of me; I should like you to respect me.
ASTROFF. Ah! [With an impatient gesture] Stay, I implore you! Confess
that there is nothing for you to do in this world. You have no object in life;
there is nothing to occupy your attention, and sooner or later your feelings
must master you. It is inevitable. It would be better if it happened not in
Kharkoff or in Kursk, but here, in nature's lap. It would then at least be
poetical, even beautiful. Here you have the forests, the houses half in ruins
that Turgenieff writes of.
HELENA. How comical you are! I am angry with you and yet I shall
always remember you with pleasure. You are interesting and original. You
and I will never meet again, and so I shall tell you—why should I conceal
it?—that I am just a little in love with you. Come, one more last pressure of
our hands, and then let us part good friends. Let us not bear each other any
ill will.
ASTROFF. [Pressing her hand] Yes, go. [Thoughtfully] You seem to be
sincere and good, and yet there is something strangely disquieting about all
your personality. No sooner did you arrive here with your husband than
every one whom you found busy and actively creating something was
forced to drop his work and give himself up for the whole summer to your
husband's gout and yourself. You and he have infected us with your
idleness. I have been swept off my feet; I have not put my hand to a thing
for weeks, during which sickness has been running its course unchecked
among the people, and the peasants have been pasturing their cattle in my
woods and young plantations. Go where you will, you and your husband
will always carry destruction in your train. I am joking of course, and yet I
am strangely sure that had you stayed here we should have been overtaken

by the most immense desolation. I would have gone to my ruin, and you—
you would not have prospered. So go! E finita la comedia!
HELENA. [Snatching a pencil off ASTROFF'S table, and hiding it with a
quick movement] I shall take this pencil for memory!
ASTROFF. How strange it is. We meet, and then suddenly it seems that we
must part forever. That is the way in this world. As long as we are alone,
before Uncle Vanya comes in with a bouquet—allow me—to kiss you
good-bye—may I? [He kisses her on the cheek] So! Splendid!
HELENA. I wish you every happiness. [She glances about her] For once in
my life, I shall! and scorn the consequences! [She kisses him impetuously,
and they quickly part] I must go.
ASTROFF. Yes, go. If the carriage is there, then start at once. [They stand
listening.]
ASTROFF. E finita!
VOITSKI, SEREBRAKOFF, MME. VOITSKAYA with her book,
TELEGIN, and SONIA come in.
SEREBRAKOFF. [To VOITSKI] Shame on him who bears malice for the
past. I have gone through so much in the last few hours that I feel capable
of writing a whole treatise on the conduct of life for the instruction of
posterity. I gladly accept your apology, and myself ask your forgiveness.
[He kisses VOITSKI three times.]
HELENA embraces SONIA.
SEREBRAKOFF. [Kissing MME. VOITSKAYA'S hand] Mother!
MME. VOITSKAYA. [Kissing him] Have your picture taken, Alexander,
and send me one. You know how dear you are to me.
TELEGIN. Good-bye, your Excellency. Don't forget us.
SEREBRAKOFF. [Kissing his daughter] Good-bye, good-bye all. [Shaking
hands with ASTROFF] Many thanks for your pleasant company. I have a
deep regard for your opinions and your enthusiasm, but let me, as an old

man, give one word of advice at parting: do something, my friend! Work!
Do something! [They all bow] Good luck to you all. [He goes out followed
by MME. VOITSKAYA and SONIA.]
VOITSKI [Kissing HELENA'S hand fervently] Good-bye—forgive me. I
shall never see you again!
HELENA. [Touched] Good-bye, dear boy.
She lightly kisses his head as he bends over her hand, and goes out.
ASTROFF. Tell them to bring my carriage around too, Waffles.
TELEGIN. All right, old man.
ASTROFF and VOITSKI are left behind alone. ASTROFF collects his
paints and drawing materials on the table and packs them away in a box.
ASTROFF. Why don't you go to see them off?
VOITSKI. Let them go! I—I can't go out there. I feel too sad. I must go to
work on something at once. To work! To work!
He rummages through his papers on the table. A pause. The tinkling of bells
is heard as the horses trot away.
ASTROFF. They have gone! The professor, I suppose, is glad to go. He
couldn't be tempted back now by a fortune.
MARINA comes in.
MARINA. They have gone. [She sits down in an arm-chair and knits her
stocking.]
SONIA comes in wiping her eyes.
SONIA. They have gone. God be with them. [To her uncle] And now, Uncle
Vanya, let us do something!
VOITSKI. To work! To work!
SONIA. It is long, long, since you and I have sat together at this table. [She
lights a lamp on the table] No ink! [She takes the inkstand to the cupboard

and fills it from an ink-bottle] How sad it is to see them go!
MME. VOITSKAYA comes slowly in.
MME. VOITSKAYA. They have gone.
She sits down and at once becomes absorbed in her book. SONIA sits down
at the table and looks through an account book.
SONIA. First, Uncle Vanya, let us write up the accounts. They are in a
dreadful state. Come, begin. You take one and I will take the other.
VOITSKI. In account with [They sit silently writing.]
MARINA. [Yawning] The sand-man has come.
ASTROFF. How still it is. Their pens scratch, the cricket sings; it is so
warm and comfortable. I hate to go. [The tinkling of bells is heard.]
ASTROFF. My carriage has come. There now remains but to say good-bye
to you, my friends, and to my table here, and then—away! [He puts the map
into the portfolio.]
MARINA. Don't hurry away; sit a little longer with us.
ASTROFF. Impossible.
VOITSKI. [Writing] And carry forward from the old debt two seventy-five
—
WORKMAN comes in.
WORKMAN. Your carriage is waiting, sir.
ASTROFF. All right. [He hands the WORKMAN his medicine-case,
portfolio, and box] Look out, don't crush the portfolio!
WORKMAN. Very well, sir.
SONIA. When shall we see you again?
ASTROFF. Hardly before next summer. Probably not this winter, though, of
course, if anything should happen you will let me know. [He shakes hands

with them] Thank you for your kindness, for your hospitality, for
everything! [He goes up to MARINA and kisses her head] Good-bye, old
nurse!
MARINA. Are you going without your tea?
ASTROFF. I don't want any, nurse.
MARINA. Won't you have a drop of vodka?
ASTROFF. [Hesitatingly] Yes, I might.
MARINA goes out.
ASTROFF. [After a pause] My off-wheeler has gone lame for some reason.
I noticed it yesterday when Peter was taking him to water.
VOITSKI. You should have him re-shod.
ASTROFF. I shall have to go around by the blacksmith's on my way home.
It can't be avoided. [He stands looking up at the map of Africa hanging on
the wall] I suppose it is roasting hot in Africa now.
VOITSKI. Yes, I suppose it is.
MARINA comes back carrying a tray on which are a glass of vodka and a
piece of bread.
MARINA. Help yourself.
ASTROFF drinks
MARINA. To your good health! [She bows deeply] Eat your bread with it.
ASTROFF. No, I like it so. And now, good-bye. [To MARINA] You needn't
come out to see me off, nurse.
He goes out. SONIA follows him with a candle to light him to the carriage.
MARINA sits down in her armchair.
VOITSKI. [Writing] On the 2d of February, twenty pounds of butter; on the
16th, twenty pounds of butter again. Buckwheat flour—[A pause. Bells are
heard tinkling.]

MARINA. He has gone. [A pause.]
SONIA comes in and sets the candle stick on the table.
SONIA. He has gone.
VOITSKI. [Adding and writing] Total, fifteen—twenty-five—
SONIA sits down and begins to write.
[Yawning] Oh, ho! The Lord have mercy.
TELEGIN comes in on tiptoe, sits down near the door, and begins to tune
his guitar.
VOITSKI. [To SONIA, stroking her hair] Oh, my child, I am miserable; if
you only knew how miserable I am!
SONIA. What can we do? We must live our lives. [A pause] Yes, we shall
live, Uncle Vanya. We shall live through the long procession of days before
us, and through the long evenings; we shall patiently bear the trials that fate
imposes on us; we shall work for others without rest, both now and when
we are old; and when our last hour comes we shall meet it humbly, and
there, beyond the grave, we shall say that we have suffered and wept, that
our life was bitter, and God will have pity on us. Ah, then dear, dear Uncle,
we shall see that bright and beautiful life; we shall rejoice and look back
upon our sorrow here; a tender smile—and—we shall rest. I have faith,
Uncle, fervent, passionate faith. [SONIA kneels down before her uncle and
lays her head on his hands. She speaks in a weary voice] We shall rest.
[TELEGIN plays softly on the guitar] We shall rest. We shall hear the
angels. We shall see heaven shining like a jewel. We shall see all evil and
all our pain sink away in the great compassion that shall enfold the world.
Our life will be as peaceful and tender and sweet as a caress. I have faith; I
have faith. [She wipes away her tears] My poor, poor Uncle Vanya, you are
crying! [Weeping] You have never known what happiness was, but wait,
Uncle Vanya, wait! We shall rest. [She embraces him] We shall rest. [The
WATCHMAN'S rattle is heard in the garden; TELEGIN plays softly; MME.
VOITSKAYA writes something on the margin of her pamphlet; MARINA
knits her stocking] We shall rest.

The curtain slowly falls.

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