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Title: Godey's Lady's Book, Vol. 48, January, 1854

Author: Various

Editor: Sarah Josepha Buell Hale

Release date: July 6, 2015 [eBook #49380]

Language: English

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GODEY'S LADY'S BOOK,
VOL. 48, JANUARY, 1854 ***

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Godey's Lady's Book

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TIME IN SEARCH OF CUPID.
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PHILADELPHIA, JANUARY, 1854.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

VOL. XLVIII.
A Gossip on the Fashions, 56
A Great Mulrooney Story, by Sylvanus Urban, the Younger, 27
Amateur Gardening, 89
Amor, Vivax, Fragilis, by H. H., M. D., 32
An Incident, by J. M. C., 64
A Portrait, by Paul H. Hayne, 64
A Sketch, by "Leonora," 63
Babylon, Nineveh, and Mr. Layard, 51
Be of Good Cheer; it is I, by R. T. Conrad, 64
Boardman & Gray's Dolce Campana Attachment Piano-Fortes, 5
Caps, 69
Celestial Phenomena, by D. W. Belisle, 60
Centre-Table Gossip, 89
Chemisettes, 69
Chemistry for Youth, 81
Child's Dress, 71
Children's Dresses, 1, 92
Cottage Furniture, 74
Directions to Ladies for Shopping, 83
Dress—as a Fine Art, by Mrs. Merrifield, 25
Editors' Table, 75
Editors' Table-Drawer, 77
Embroidery for Petticoats, 68
Embroidery for Shirts, 74
Enigmas, 87
Fashions, 90
Female Accomplishments, 89
Godey's Arm-Chair, 82
Godey's Course of Lessons in Drawing, 36
Instructions for making Ornaments in Rice Shell-Work, 22
Letters Left at the Pastry Cook's, Edited by Horace Mayhew, 58

Literary Notices, 78
Love's Elysium, by J. A. Bartley, 55
Mantillas, from the celebrated Establishment of G. Brodie, New York, 4, 72
My Grandmother's Stand, by H. B. Wildman, 65
"My Experience in Babies, Sir!" by Mary Neal, 63
Ode from Horace, by Edw. Newton Van Sant, 66
Oh, Lay Her to Rest, by Florus B. Plimpton, 40
On the Porch of the Cataract House, by Helen Hamilton, 62
Parlor Work, 89
Preparations for Company, 26
Receipts, &c., 87
Sleeves, 69
Song to C. G. D., by William P. Mulchinock, 66
Sonnets, by Wm. Alexander, 66
The Borrower's Department, 87
The Good Time Coming, 75
The Hortense Mantelet and Victoria, 70
The Lloyds, by Mrs. S. J. Hale, 41
The Philosophy of Shopping, by Mrs. Alaric Watts, 33
The Pleiades, 21
The School-Mistress Married, 77
The Stolen Match, by Hon. Caleb Cushing, 13
The Toilet, 92
The Vork-'Ouse Boy, 83
The Wives Of England, 76
To Caroline in Heaven, by Annie B. Clare, 65
Toilet Cover in Crochet, 73
To Laura.—The Friend, by Beata, 65
To Morning, by Blanche Bennairde, 57
To the New Year, 62
Work-Table for Juveniles, 67

EMBELLISHMENTS, &c.
January.

The Pleiades.
Time in Search of Cupid.
The Hortense Mantelet and the Victoria.
Embroidery.
Godey's Latest Fashions.
Children's Dresses.
Music.—The Bluebird Waltz, by Edward Mack.
The Hungarian Circle.
Boardman & Gray's Dolce Campana Attachment Piano-Fortes.
Instructions for making Ornaments in Rice Shell-Work.
Godey's Course of Lessons in Drawing.
Fallen Rock-Sculptures at Bavian.
A Gossip on the Fashions.
Work-table for Juveniles.
Embroidery for Petticoats.
Chemisettes, Sleeves, and Caps.
Child's Dress.
Toilet Cover in Crochet.
Embroidery for Shirts.
Cottage Furniture.
Directions to Ladies for Shopping.
Designs for Headdresses.

THE HORTENSE MANTELET.

EMBROIDERY.

THE VICTORIA.

CHILDREN'S DRESSES
BY OUR "FASHION EDITOR."

THE BLUE-BIRD WALTZ.
COMPOSED BY

EDWARD MACK.
Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1853, by T. C. ANDREWS, in the
Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

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THE HUNGARIAN CIRCLE.
[From the establishment of G. Brodie, No. 51 Canal Street, New York.]

PHILADELPHIA, JANUARY, 1854.

EVERYDAY ACTUALITIES.—NO. XV.
ILLUSTRATED WITH PEN AND GRAVER.

GATEWAY ENTRANCE TO BOARDMAN & GRAY'S FACTORY.

BOARDMAN & GRAY'S DOLCE CAMPANA ATTACHMENT
PIANO-FORTES.
Perhaps we cannot present our readers a more interesting article on manufacturing,
than to give an idea of piano-forte making. Piano-fortes, in these days, making an
almost indispensable article of furniture in every dwelling; adding so much to the
pleasures of home, and being so much of a companion in all home hours; contributing
so largely to the enjoyments of society, that some little knowledge of the processes of
making, and the materials used, must be not only interesting to all, but valuable to
those who may wish to know how good piano-fortes should be made.
With this desire, we have selected as our MODEL the large and flourishing
manufactory of Messrs. Boardman & Gray, the eminent piano-forte makers of Albany,

N. Y., celebrated as the manufacturers of the Dolce Campana Attachment Piano-
Fortes, whose instruments were not only sought after and used by Jenny Lind,
Catharine Hayes, and other celebrities, but by the profession generally throughout the
United States.
Messrs. Boardman & Gray's manufactory is situated at Albany, N. Y., occupying the
end of a block, presenting a front on three streets of upwards of 320 feet, the main
building of which, fronting on two streets 208 feet, is built of brick, four stories high
above a high basement-story, devoted exclusively to machinery driven by a forty
horse power engine. The completeness of design of these buildings and machinery for
the purpose used, we believe, has no superior, if any equal, in this country. Every
improvement and convenience is attached to make the entire perfect, and in going
through the premises one is attracted by the comprehensiveness of the whole concern.
The entrance to the factory of Messrs. Boardman & Gray is by a large gateway
through the centre of the building, next to the office, so that the person in charge of
the office has full view of all that enter or leave the premises. We pass into the yard,
and are surprised at the large amount of lumber of all kinds piled up in the rough state.
The yard is full, and also the large two story brick building used as drying sheds for
lumber. Here a large circular saw is in full operation, cutting up the wood ready for
the sheds or machine-room. Messrs. Boardman & Gray have the most of their lumber
sawed out from the logs expressly for them in the forests of Alleghany, Oneida,
Herkimer, and other choice localities in N. Y., and also Canada, and delivered by
contract two and three years after being sawed, when well seasoned. The variety and
number of different kinds of wood used in the business is quite surprising. Pine,
spruce, maple, oak, chestnut, ash, bass-wood, walnut, mahogany, cherry, birch,
rosewood, ebony, whiteholly, apple, pear-tree, and several other varieties, each of
which has its peculiar qualities, and its place in the piano depends on the duties it has
to perform. The inspecting and selecting of the lumber require the strictest attention,
long experience, and matured judgment; for it must be not only of the right kind, and
free from all imperfections, such as knots, shakes, sapwood, &c., but it must also be
well seasoned. All the lumber used by Messrs. Boardman & Gray, being cut two or
three years in advance, is seasoned before they receive it; then it is piled up and dried
another year, at least, in their yard, after which it is cut up by the cross-cut circular
saw, and piled another season in their sheds, when it is taken down for use, and goes
into the machine-shop; and here it is cut into the proper forms and sizes wanted, and
then put into the drying-rooms for six months or a year more before it is used in the
piano-forte.
These drying-rooms, of which there are three in the establishment, are kept at a
temperature of about 100° Fahrenheit, by means of steam from the boiler through
pipes. As fast as one year's lot of lumber is taken down for use, another lot is put in its
place ready for the next year. In this way, Messrs. Boardman & Gray have a surety
that none but the most perfectly seasoned and dry lumber is used in their piano-fortes.

Their constant supply of lumber on hand at all times is from two to three hundred
thousand feet, and as Albany is the greatest lumber mart in the world, of course they
have the opportunity of selecting the choicest lots for their own use, and keeping their
supply good at all times.
The selection of the proper kinds of lumber, and its careful preparation, so as to be in
the most perfect order, constitute one of the most important points in making piano-
fortes that will remain in tune well, and stand any climate.
Here is the motive power, and a beautiful Gothic pattern horizontal engine of forty
horse power, built at the machine works of the Messrs. Townsend of Albany, from the
plans, and under the superintendence of Wm. McCammon, Esq., engineer now in
charge of the Chicago (Ill.) Water-works. The engine is, indeed, a beautiful working
model, moving with its strong arm the entire machinery used throughout the building,
yet so quiet that, without seeing it, you would hardly know it was in motion. In the
same room is the boiler, of the locomotive tubular pattern, large enough not only to
furnish steam for the engine, but also for heating the entire factory, and furnishing
heat for all things requisite in the building. Water for supplying the boiler is contained
in a large cistern under the centre of the yard, holding some 26,000 gallons, supplied
from the roofs of the buildings. The engine and boiler are in the basement (occupying
the basement and first story in one room), at one end of the building, and are so
arranged that all the machinery used in the different stories is driven throughout by
long lines of shafting put up in the most finished manner, while the entire manufactory
is warmed in the most thorough and healthy manner by steam from the boiler, passing
through some 8,000 feet of iron pipe, arranged so that each room can be tempered as
required. At the same time, ovens heated with steam through pipes are placed in the
different rooms to warm the materials for gluing and veneering. The glue is all "made
off" and kept hot in the different rooms by means of iron boxes with water in them (in
which the glue-pots are placed), kept at the boiling point by steam passing through
pipes in the water: thus the boiler furnishes all the heat required in the business.

DRILLERS' ROOM. ENGINE AND BOILER
We pass to the next room, where we find the workmen employed in preparing the
massive metallic (iron) plates used inside the pianos, from the rough state, as they
come from the furnace. They are first filed smooth and perfect to the pattern, then
painted and rubbed even and smooth, and are then ready for the drilling of the
numerous holes for the pins and screws that have to be put into and through the plate
in using it. (A view of the drilling-machines and workmen is given with the engine.)
Into each plate for a seven octave piano, there have to be drilled upwards of 450 holes,
and about 250 of these have pins riveted into them for the strings, &c.; and these must
be exactly in their places by a working pattern, for the least variation might make
much trouble in putting on the strings and finishing the piano. Of course, these holes
are drilled by machinery with that perfection and speed that can be done only with the
most perfect machines and competent experienced workmen. And these metallic
plates, when finished and secured in the instrument correctly, give a firmness and
durability to the piano unattainable by any other method.

MACHINE-ROOM.
In the same room with the drilling-machines we find the leg-making machines, for
cutting from the rough blocks of lumber the beautifully formed "ogee" and "curved
legs," as well as sides, of various patterns, ready for being veneered with rosewood or
mahogany. The body of the legs is generally made of chestnut, which is found best
adapted to the purpose. The leg-machine is rather curious in its operations, the cutting-
knives revolving in a sliding-frame, which follows the pattern, the leg, whilst being
formed, remaining stationary.
Our first impression on entering the machine-shop is one of noise and confusion; but,
on looking about, we find all is order, each workman attending his own machine and
work. Here are two of "Daniel's Patented Planing-Machines," of the largest size,
capable of planing boards or plank of any thickness three feet wide; two circular saws;
one upright turning-saw, for sawing fancy scroll-work; a "half-lapping machine," for
cutting the bottom framework together; turning lathes, and several other machines, all
in full operation, making much more noise than music.
The lumber, after being cut to the length required by the large cross-cut saw in the
yard, and piled in the sheds, is brought into this machine-room and sawed and planed
to the different forms and shapes required for use, and is then ready for the drying-
rooms.
In this machine-room, which is a very large one, the "bottoms" for the cases are made
and finished, ready for the case-maker to build his case upon. If we examine them, we
will find they are constructed so as to be of great strength and durability; and, being
composed of such perfectly seasoned materials, the changes of different climates do

not injure them, and they will endure any strain produced by the great tension of the
strings of the piano in "tuning up to pitch," amounting to several tons.
But we must pass on to the next room. We step on a raised platform about four feet by
eight, and, touching a short lever, find ourselves going up to the next floor. Perhaps a
lot of lumber is on the platform with us, on its way to the drying-rooms. On getting on
a level with the floor, we again touch the magic lever, and our steam elevator (or
dumb waiter) stops, and, stepping off, find ourselves surrounded with workmen; and
this is the "case-making" department. And here we find piano-forte cases in all stages
of progress; the materials for some just gathered together, and others finished or
finishing; some of the plainest styles, and others of the most elaborate carved work
and ornamental designs. Nothing doing but making cases; two rooms adjoining, 115
feet long, with workmen all around as close together as they can work with
convenience. Each room is furnished with its steam ovens, glue heaters, &c. The case-
maker makes the rims of the case, and veneers them. He fits and secures these to the
bottom. He also makes and veneers the tops. This completes his work, and then we
have the skeleton of a piano, the mere shell or box. The rim is securely and firmly
fastened to the strong bottoms, bracing and blocking being put in in the strongest and
most permanent manner, the joints all fitting as close as if they grew together; and
then the case is ready to receive the sounding-board and iron frame. The bottoms are
made mostly of pine; the rims of the case are of ash or cherry, or of some hard wood
that will hold the rosewood veneers with which they are covered. The tops are made
of ash or cherry, sometimes of mahogany, and veneered with rosewood. We will now
follow the case to the room where the workmen are employed in putting in the
sounding-board and iron frames.

SPINNING-MACHINE.
SOUNDING-BOARD AND IRON-FRAME ROOM.
The sounding-board is what, in a great measure, gives tone, and the different qualities
of tone, to the piano. Messrs. Boardman & Gray use the beautiful white, clear spruce
lumber found in the interior counties of New York, which they consider in every way
as good as the celebrated "Swiss Fir." It is sawed out in a peculiar manner, expressly
for them, for this use, selected with the greatest possible care, and so thoroughly
seasoned that there is no possibility of its warping or cracking after being placed in
one of their finished instruments. The making of the sounding-board the requisite
thinness (some parts require to be much thinner than others), its peculiar bracing, &c.,
are all matters that require great practical experience, together with numberless
experiments, by which alone the perfection found in the piano-fortes of Messrs.
Boardman & Gray, their full, rich tone giving the most positive evidence of
superiority, can be attained.
We will watch the processes of the workmen in this department. One is at work
putting in the "long-block" of hard maple, seasoned and prepared until it seems almost
as hard as iron, which is requisite, as the "tuning-pins" pass through the plate into it,
and are thus firmly held. Another workman is making a sounding-board, another
fitting one in its place, &c. &c. All the blocking being in the case, the sounding-board
is fitted and fastened in its place, so as to have the greatest possible vibrating power,

&c.; and then the iron frame must be fitted over all and cemented and fastened down.
The frame is finished, with its hundreds of holes and pins, in the drillers'-room, and
the workman here has only to fit it to its place and secure it there; and then the
skeleton case is ready to receive its strings and begins to look like what may make a
piano-forte.
Spinning the bass strings, and stringing the case, come next in order. In the foreground
of the last plate, we have a curious-looking machine, and a workman busy with it
winding the bass strings, a curiosity to all who witness his operations. To get the
requisite flexibility and vibration to strings of the size and weight wanted in the bass
notes, tempered steel wire is used for the strings, and on this is wound soft annealed
iron wire, plated with silver; each string being of a different size, of course various
sizes of body and covering wire are used in their manufacture. The string to be
covered is placed in the machine, which turns it very rapidly, while the workman
holds the covering wire firmly and truly, and it is wound round and covers the centre
wire. This work requires peculiar care and attention, and, like all the other different
branches in Messrs. Boardman & Gray's factory, the workmen here attend to but one
thing; they do nothing else but spin these bass strings, and string pianos year in and
year out.
The case, while in this department, receives all its strings, which are of the finest
tempered steel wire, finished and polished in the most beautiful manner. But a few
years since, the making of steel music wire was a thing unknown in the United States;
in fact, there were but two factories of note in the world which produced it; but now,
as with other things, the Americans are ahead, and the "steel music wire" made by
Messrs. Washburn & Co., of Worcester, Mass. is far superior in quality and finish to
the foreign wire. The peculiar temper of the wire has a great influence on the piano's
keeping in tune, strings breaking, &c., and, as the quality cannot always be
ascertained but by actual experiment, much is condemned after trial, and the perfect
only used.

KEY-MAKERS' DEPARTMENT.
The preparation of what is termed the "keyboard" is one of peculiar nicety, and the
selection of the lumber and its preparation require great experience and minute
attention, so that the keys will not spring or warp, and thus either not work or throw
the hammers out of place, &c. The frame on which the keys rest is usually made of the
best of old dry cherry, closely framed together to the form required for the keys and
action. The wood of the keys is usually of soft straight-grained white pine, or prepared
bass-wood. Both kinds have to go through many ordeals of seasoning, &c., ere they
are admitted into one of the fine-working, finished instruments of Messrs. Boardman
& Gray. The keys are made as follows: On a piece of lumber the keys are marked out,
and the cross-banding and slipping done to secure the ivory; the ivory is applied and
secured, and then the keys are sawed apart and the ivory polished and finished
complete. The ebony black keys are then made and put on and polished, and the key-
board is complete; the key-maker has finished his part of the piano. The ivory used is
of the finest quality, and an article of great expense; its preparation from the elephant's
tusks, of sawing, bleaching, &c., is mostly confined to a few large dealers in the
United States. The most important concern of the kind is that of Messrs. Pratt,
Brothers & Co., of Deep River, Conn., who supply most of the large piano-makers in
the Union. As the ivory comes from them, it is only in its rough state, sawed out to the
requisite sizes for use, after which it has to be seasoned or dried the same as lumber,
and then prepared and fastened on the key; then to be planed up, finished, and
polished, all of which requires a great amount of labor, much skill, and experience.
Besides ivory, Messrs. Boardman & Gray use no small quantity of the beautiful
variegated "mother-of-pearl," for keys in their highly ornamental, finished piano-

fortes, a material itself very costly, and requiring a large amount of labor to finish and
polish them with that peculiar richness for which their instruments are so celebrated.
In this, as in the other departments, each workman has his own special kind of work;
nothing else to attend to but key-making; his whole energies are devoted to perfect
this part of the instrument.

ACTION-MAKING MACHINE, ETC.
In this department, we again see the perfection of machine-work. The action is one of
the most important things in the piano-forte. On its construction and adjustment
depends the whole working part of the instrument; for, however good the piano-forte
scale may be, or how complete and perfect all the other parts are formed, if the action
is not good, if the principle on which it is constructed is not correct, and the
adjustment perfect, if the materials used are not of the right kind, of course the action
will not be right, and it will either be dead under the fingers, without life and
elasticity, without the power of quick repetition of the blow of the hammer, or soon
wear loose, and make more noise and rattling than music. Thus will be seen the
importance of not only having that action which is modelled on the best principle, but
of having an instrument constructed in the most perfect and thorough manner. All
parts of it should be so adjusted as to work together with as much precision as the
wheels of a watch.
Messrs. Boardman & Gray use the principle which is termed the French Grand
Action, with many improvements added by themselves. This they have found from
long experience to be the best in many ways. It is more powerful than the "Boston, or
Semi-Grand;" it will repeat with much greater rapidity and precision than any other; it

is far more elastic under the manipulation of the fingers; and, to sum up all, it is
almost universally preferred by professors and amateurs, and, what is still a very
important point, they find, after a trial and use of it for many years, that it wears well.
What is technically called the action consists of the parts that are fastened to the key,
and work together to make the hammer strike the strings of the piano when the key is
pressed down. The parts made of wood, consisting of some eight or ten pieces to each
key, are what compose the action-maker's work; and, although they are each of them
small, still on their perfection and finish depends much of the value of the instrument
in which they are used. Various kinds of close-grained wood are used in their
construction, such as white holly, apple or pear-tree, mahogany, hard maple, red cedar,
&c., and other kinds as are best adapted to the use put to. They have to be closely
fitted; the holes for the centre pins to work in must be clothed with cloth prepared
expressly for this work. Buckskin of a particular finish, and cloth of various kinds and
qualities, are used to cover those parts where there is much friction or liability to
noise, and every part so perfectly finished and fitted that it will not only work
smoothly, and without any sticking or clinging, but without noise, and yet be firm and
true, so that every time the key is touched the hammer strikes the string in response.
The action-maker completes these different parts of the action; and then another
workman, who is called the "finisher," fits them to the keys and into the case of the
piano; but, before we enter into his room, we will see to the preparation of another
important part of the action, namely, the hammer. This is another extremely important
thing in piano-forte making; the covering of the hammers is one of the most peculiar
branches of the business. It is one that long experience and minute attention can alone
perfect. The hammer head is generally made of bass-wood, and then covered with
either felt prepared for this purpose, or deer or buckskin dressed expressly for this
business. The preparation of buckskin for piano-forte makers is at this time quite an
important trade, and the improvements made in its dressing of late years have kept full
pace with the other improvements in the piano. The peculiar ordeal they undergo we
cannot here explain; but we can only see the beautiful article finished for use. Some of
them for the under coatings or layers are firm and yet elastic and soft, while those
prepared for the top coating or capping are pliable and soft as silk velvet; and these,
when correctly applied, will form a hammer which, if the piano-forte is perfect
otherwise, will always give the rich, full organ tone for which the pianos of Messrs.
Boardman & Gray are so celebrated. Those employed in covering and preparing
hammers do this exclusively, and must perfect their work. They give the greatest
number of coats, and the thickest buckskin to the hammers for the bass strings, and
then taper up evenly and truly to the treble hammers, which have a less number of
coats and of the thinnest kinds; and then, after the hammer is fitted to the string in the
piano, and it has been tuned and the action adjusted, it goes into the hands of the
hammer finisher, who tries each note, and takes off and puts on different buckskin
until every note is good, and the tone of the piano is perfectly true.

FINISHING-ROOM.
We left the piano-case in the hands of the persons employed in putting on the
beautifully polished steel strings, whose vibrations may yet thrill many a heart, or
bring the starting tear. After it has its strings, it goes to the finisher, whose duties
consist in taking the keys as they come from the key-maker, the action as prepared,
and the hammers from the hammer-maker, and fitting them together and into the case,
so that the keys and action work together; adjusting the hammer to strike the strings,
and putting the dampers in their proper places to be acted on by the keys and pedals;
making and fitting the harp, or soft stop; adjusting the loading of the keys to make a
heavy or light touch, and thus doing what may be termed the putting the machinery
together to form the working part of the piano-forte. And, when we consider that each
key in one of Messrs. Boardman & Gray's piano-fortes is composed, with its action, of
some sixty-five to seventy pieces, and that there are eighty-five keys to a seven octave
instrument, making a sum total of nearly six thousand pieces, and that many of these
pieces have to be handled over many times before they are finished in the piano, one
is not a little surprised at the immense amount of work in a perfect piano-forte. But
these six thousand pieces only compose the keys and action alone, and consist of
wood, iron, cloth, felt, buckskin, and many other things; and, as a matter of course,
each piece must be made and fitted with the greatest exactness, and the most perfect
materials alone must be used. The "finishing," it will be seen at once, is another
important branch, and requires long experience, close attention, and workmanship.
Messrs. Boardman & Gray have many workmen employed in this department at
finishing alone. The work is done by the piece, as many of the different branches are
under the personal superintendence of the foreman, whose duty it is to see that the
work is made perfect; for the workman is liable for the materials he destroys. One
great improvement made by Messrs. Boardman & Gray, and placed in all their piano-

fortes, we believe is not used by any other maker. We refer to their metallic OVER
damper register and cover. The dampers are held in their places by wires or lifters
passing between the strings and through the register, which holds them as they are
acted on by the keys and pedal. This register is usually made in the old way, of wood,
and placed under the strings, and, consequently, the weather acting on the wood is
liable to warp or spring the register, and thus throw these wires or lifters against the
strings, causing a jingling or harsh jarring when the piano is used; and, then, the
register being placed beneath the strings, and the lifters passing through it and above
the strings to the dampers, of course they are liable to accidents, and to be bent and
knocked out of place in many ways by anything hitting the dampers, as in dusting out
the instrument, &c. But this improvement of Messrs. Boardman & Gray covers all
these defects in the old register. Theirs, being of iron, is not affected by the changes of
the weather or temperature of different houses and rooms; and, then, being placed
above the strings, the dampers are at all times protected from injury. Consequently,
their piano-fortes never have any jangling or jingling of the strings against the damper
wires. This we believe to be a most valuable improvement, and, at the same time, the
beautiful metallic damper cover is highly ornamental to the interior of the piano-forte.
When the case is thus finished, it can be tuned for the first time, although all is yet in
the rough and unadjusted state; and from the finisher, after being tuned, it passes into
the hands of the "regulator."
(Concluded next month.)

THE STOLEN MATCH.
BY HON. CALEB CUSHING.
The vesper bell had tolled the hour of oraciones, in Valladolid, at the close of an
autumnal day, in the year 1469, and the crowds of worshippers reverted to their
accustomed pleasures and pursuits, after making their evening salutation to the Virgin.
Small parties of armed horsemen had been seen to enter the city during the day, who
one by one disappeared under the half opened and quickly shut gateway of here and
there a dark stone dwelling, whose grated windows and heavy walls seemed to be
designed to guard its inmates against the assault of feudal enemies, quite as much as
to shelter them from the elements. But the spectacle of military array was of too
ordinary occurrence to awaken the attention of the plodding burghers, who, muffled in
their large cloaks, were sufficiently happy to remain unmolested themselves by the
mail-clad cavaliers, without seeking to pry into their business; to do which, would
only have subjected such over-curious persons to fierce words, and perchance rude
blows to back insulting speech. And it was vain to speculate on such a matter, in times
when grandee and peasant alike made war at will on their own account; and no
powerful chieftain moved without a retinue of right good lances beside him, inured to
violence, and bound to follow his banner for weal or woe. As the sun descended
behind the mountains of Leon, a sharp wind rushed along the valley of the Duero, and
sweeping up the Pisuerga filled Valladolid with its chilling blasts; but the tramp of
steeds and the clang of armor still rang upon the ear, long after night had thrown her
dark mantle over the gothic towers of the city.
Occupying a large space on a side of the Campo Grande, at one extremity of the city,
stood a stately edifice, rising amid the numerous churches and long ranges of
unsightly convent walls, which formed the prominent objects in that immense
irregular square. The richly ornamented front of this mansion, although its heavy
carved mouldings and friezes, and indeed its entire surface, had acquired the deep
brown hue of venerable age, was yet untouched by the hand of decay; and in its mass
no less than its ornaments bespoke the wealth and consequence of its occupant.
Indeed, the coat of arms of ample size, overhanging, as it were, the keystone of a huge
arched gateway, which, being placed in the centre of the façade, constituted the sole
entrance to the inner court-yard, and the apartments of the building, afforded
conclusive evidence that it belonged to one of the proud nobles of Castile. Its lower
range of windows was guarded by strong stanchions or bars of iron, extending
longitudinally up and down, and built fast into the solid masonry. Balconies, also of
massive iron bars, but wrought into tasteful shapes, and resting upon sculptured slabs

of stone, jutted out in relief from the window-sills of the upper windows, which were
secured by means of thick shutters of carved oak, made to open inwards, like folding
doors, and fastened by movable stanchions of a peculiar form, called fallebas,
somewhat resembling in make and movement the iron crane used for hoisting
merchandise. Within the quadrangle or patio, where a small fountain played into a
marble basin, was a postern door, which conducted through a terraced garden towards
the outer wall of the city. A small, square turret, rising at each corner of the roof,
rather for ostentation than use, completes the picture of the town residence of Don
Juan de Vivero.
Late in the evening, a solitary cavalier, attended only by a mozo de espuelas, or
groom, spurring along his weary steed, rode up to the front gate of this house, and
knocked for admission. At the signal, the mirilla, or little door in the gateway, just
large enough to look through and see what was without, was cautiously unclosed; and
to the challenge of the porter the whispered reply of "Gente de paz," in the well
known voice of Don Gutierre de Cardenas, caused the gate to be quickly unbarred for
the reception of the horseman and his follower. The appearance of Don Gutierre, as he
became exposed to the light of the torches within, indicated a plain citizen; it might be
a common trader, it might be a mere artisan; and ere he had well dismounted and
given his jaded and travel-soiled horse to the domestics, a lady hastily entered, who
started at the garb and appearance of the new-comer; but without waiting for the usual
exchange of salutations—
"Now what tidings, señorito, for my lady," cried she, "and why dost thou come hither
thus travestied and alone, when we look for other attendance?"
"Content thee, Doña Beatriz," said the cavalier, "and conduct me straight to thy lady,
or to the lord Archbishop, if he be here."
"I trow," answered Doña Beatriz, "she will welcome thee none the better for the
precious specimen thou wearest of the skill of Zaragoza tailors, nor for carrying into
her presence thy sweet person covered with dust from every bypath, between Osma
and Valladolid, nor for speeding so ill in thy mission."
"Content thee, again, I say, and lead on," rejoined he, "lest I be tempted, in guerdon of
thy swift wit, to kiss thy soft hand unbidden;" and he followed the laughing Doña
Beatriz to the apartments of her lady. Scarce had their footsteps died away on the
staircase, when Don Juan de Vivero was summoned in all haste to the presence of his
fair guest; and the hurry of sudden preparation, and the eager looks of anxious
expectation pervaded the late quiet household.
Midnight was fast approaching, when Don Gutierre once more appeared, and sought
admission into the cabinet of Doña Beatriz. He now came forth, clad in the rich
apparel of a Spanish cavalier of that day, which he bore with the habitual grace and
ease that showed this, rather than the humble garb he had worn before, was the

appropriate dress of his rank. The apartment into which he was ushered was simply,
and compared with the usage of our age and country it would have been called
meanly, furnished. An estera, or matting of woven sedge, was spread on the floor, and
heavy embroidered hangings covered the walls, rudely representing the gests and
triumphs of Bernardo del Carpio and my Cid the Campeador; but the chairs and other
utensils were coarse in make, and such only as necessity required. It was in other form
that the grandees of that day displayed their magnificence and squandered their
wealth.
Prominent in the room sat an elderly man in the long ungainly robe and other attire of
an ecclesiastic of rank, who, although advanced in years, yet evidently retained the
vigor of manhood unbroken, and, to judge from his stately air and the fair glance of
his eye, could do his part in the mêlée as bravely as the best, and would not scruple, if
occasion required, to change his crosier for a lance. It happened then, as it does now,
that the higher benefices of the church were generally the appanage of the younger
members of noble families; but it was the case then, as it is not now, that to maintain
his place a noble must have been either wise in council, or daring in fight; the glories
of a horsejockey and cockfighter may become a peer in the era of improvement, but
herein did not consist their glories; and the prelates, who sprung from the blood of
men accustomed to command, naturally partook of the spirit of their sires. They were
not rarely foremost in the civil wars that formed the chief business of mankind in the
Middle Ages; and Don Alonso Carrillo, Archbishop of Toledo, for it was no less a
personage who sat in that presence, had played his part undauntedly among the
boldest knights of Castile.
He was earnestly conversing in a low voice with a lady near, whose face as she sat
was slightly averted from the door; while Doña Beatriz and a third lady stood in the
apartment, who, with the Archbishop and Don Gutierre, made up the whole party.
Doña Beatriz had the full black eye and the raven tresses which we associate with a
southern clime, and that brown shade of complexion which, but for the healthfulness
of her tint, and the animation of her whole face, would scarcely have escaped the
reproach of tending to sullenness of aspect. But of her, afterwards so celebrated by the
name of Condesa de Moya, time had not yet touched the beauty. The lady, who stood
by her side, Don Gutierre saluted as Doña Mencia de la Torre; and both of these ladies
waited, with all the subdued respect of tone and deference of deportment due to the
highest rank, upon the youthful incarnation of loveliness with whom the Archbishop
conferred.
A low bodice or corset of black velvet, fitted closely to her waist, displayed the perfect
proportions of a bust that was just blooming into womanhood. A brial or petticoat of
the same rich material depended over the full, but well-formed and graceful contour of
her limbs. This part of her dress was fastened at the waist by a kind of brocaded belt,
embroidered with jet and brilliants, and a band of similar workmanship ran from the
belt down the middle of the brial or skirt, and was continued in a border around the

bottom of it; a border of the same general description running around the upper part of
the bodice next to the neckerchief. The tight wristbands of the dress were adorned by
several bands of corresponding make and materials. Above the bodice she wore a
wrought kerchief of the costliest Flanders lace, fastened at the throat with a gold
brooch, and having a border of very peculiar workmanship. It was narrow, as
compared with the belt and bands of her brial, and instead of the wreaths and fanciful
figures embroidered on them, it bore the form alternately of a castle and a lion,
wrought in rich gems of various kinds on a silver ground, forming a splendid edging
to the kerchief, double in front, and passing all around the neck. A large diamond
cross, set in pearls, was suspended over her bosom from the rich pearl collar, which,
as being the princely gift of him whose coming she awaited, was the fitting ornament
of her person on this occasion. To complete her habiliments, a flowery tabard, as it
was then called, or rich mantle of crimson silk, bordered with damask, was thrown
over her shoulders and arms, hanging down to the floor, and a white veil of thin
delicate lace, gauze-like and transparent as woven air, covered, without concealing,
her dark brown tresses, and, being fastened in front by the brooch on her bosom, could
be dropped over her face at will, so as to increase the effect of the beauty which it
veiled, like the light fleecy clouds flitting along the moon's orb in a bright autumnal
eve.
It is easy to give a description of garments, but how describe the surpassing loveliness
of form and countenance, which consists, not in the peculiar shape of each separate
feature or limb, but in the perfect harmony of parts, and heavenly combination of
elements in the whole person? The lady of whom we speak was of middling stature,
and rather fuller in form than might be considered consistent with a faultless model;
but the grace of every movement, and the mingled sweetness and dignity of her whole
manner, would alone have sufficed to mark the royal daughter of a line of kings. Her
face was not of that stamp which fancy is prone to attribute to the maidens of Spain.
We have already said that her hair was brown; and her complexion was pure blushing
red and white, the unclouded carnation of the fairest youthful beauty. A broad, open
brow, an oval face gently curving off into a rounded chin, even well-defined lips,
expressing a firm character united with a gentle spirit, and eyes of dark gray
deepening into blue; ojos entre verdes y azules, says a good friar of her day, who
seems to have studied the constituents of beauty rather more attentively than became a
monk: such were the separate features of the fair young maiden. Her general cast and
look did not speak her more than eighteen; but a certain maturity of expression in her
face, and a grave and somewhat devotional air, increased by the appearance of a richly
illuminated missal, which she held in her hand, would have suited a much riper age.
To the low salutation of Don Gutierre, she graciously nodded in reply, without
interrupting her conversation with the Archbishop. So earnestly, indeed, was it
continued, that a young cavalier had entered the open door unobserved by her, and
advanced towards the centre of the room. He stood with one foot slightly set forward,

his short cloak, of the finest cloth of Segovia, flung back from his shoulders,
displaying the close jacket of Genoese velvet, which covered his manly form, the
gold-hilted sword which hung over his slashed underclothes, and a chain of massive
chased gold links with a cross of Montesa suspended from his neck, while in his left
hand he held a black velvet hat, ornamented with a plain diamond aigrette and a single
tuft of white ostrich plumes, leaving uncovered a high, noble brow and expressive
dignified features, with sparkling eyes, that gazed on the beautiful vision before them,
entranced, as it were, with love and admiration.
"'Tis he, 'tis he!" cried Don Gutierre, pointing with his finger to the silent stranger; and
as the lady started with a slight exclamation of surprise, Fernando de Aragon kneeled
at her feet, and, seizing her not unwilling hand, covered it with the kisses of her
accepted lover, whom she now, for the first time, saw, and that in secrecy and
disguise.
Need we say that the lady was Isabel of Castile, the lovely and the loved, the model of
queens, of wives, and of mothers; the unaffected reality of all that her false-hearted
namesake of England, Elizabeth, affected to be, but was not, a woman, namely, with
all a woman's sensibilities, and yet a great and high ruled princess; that Isabel, whose
reign is the golden age of prosperity and glory in the annals of fallen Spain!
At the time when the events of our story happened, Henry the Imbecile held the
sceptre of Castile and Leon, and the disorders of a sickly state had reached their acme.
Don Henrique ascended the throne under circumstances the most inauspicious. The
kingdom was devastated and exhausted by the long and bloody civil wars which
preceded the accession of his ancestor, Henrique de Trastamara. The infirm health and
premature death of his grandfather, Henry III., prevented his applying those remedies
to the public relief which a capacious mind and enterprising spirit might otherwise
have devised and undertaken. His predecessor, Don Juan, destitute of either energy or
talents to govern his turbulent nobles, was equally degraded, in being at all times
either their tool or their victim. Condemned to see them dispute the possession of his
person and his power on the fatal plains of Olmedo, he resigned all his authority to the
constable, Don Alvaro de Luna, and afterwards with still greater weakness gave up his
tried and faithful minister to the fury of their common enemies. Don Henrique himself
inherited the mean-spirited and servile character of Don Juan.
Wavering and pusillanimous in his purposes, despised by his vassals, corrupt in his
habits, and given up to the pursuit of pleasures of which nature had denied him the
enjoyment, he soon acquired a most invincible repugnance to business of whatever
kind, which he gladly suffered to pass entirely into the hands of ambitious and
unprincipled favorites. A never-ending succession of troubles in his family, and of
civil war between contending factions of the aristocracy, was the necessary
consequence of the weakness of their common head. So long as he could enjoy his
personal amusement unmolested, no public calumny moved the impassiveness of his

indolence. While the profligate court spent in tournaments and gallantry, or in the wild
distractions of the chase, that time which belonged to the necessities of the state, the
fierce grandees made civil war upon each other from province to province, dividing,
with impunity, the spoils of the crown and the substance of the people. Corruption,
venality, and violence became universal; and the whole kingdom, convulsed by every
species of disorder, and infected with all the principles of dissolution, was hurrying
onward towards absolute and irretrievable ruin.
But that we may fully appreciate the condition of unhappy Castile at this period, it is
well to refer to the touching pictures given by the old chroniclers, not merely of the
general aspect of things, but also of some remarkable incidents in particular.
"All Spain was overwhelmed," says Don Alonzo Ortiz, who spoke of what he actually
saw; "all Spain was overwhelmed by the most terrible storm, in those days when the
flames of civil war raged with the greatest fury, and total perdition impended over the
prostrate commonwealth. There was no spot exempt from the common misery. There
was no man who enjoyed his patrimony without fear or peril of his life. All classes of
the community were filled with affliction, flying to the cities for refuge, since robbery
and murder stalked unchallenged through the land. Our barons did not take up arms to
defend our borders against the Infidel, but to strike the thirsty sword into the bowels
of their common country. The domestic enemy banqueted in the blood of his fellow-
citizens. The strongest of arm and deepest in fraud bore the palm of power and praise
among us; so that all things had broken wholly forth from the check and scope of
justice, and the venerable majesty of the law had quenched its light in the darkness of
general corruption."
How true to the life is the general description of the canon Ortiz, may be seen from a
trait of the times recorded by Fernando del Pulgar. It seems that Don Pedro de
Mendaña was alcaide of Castronuño during the period under review. Seeing the time
well disposed for his natural desires and inclinations, he received in that fortalice
many robbers with the booty which they made, and protected them from pursuit, as
also desperate men of every kind, absconding debtors, murderers, and other outlaws.
And when he found himself accompanied by such followers, induced by impunity
from the laws and by large rewards to do his bidding, he seized on the castles of
Cubillas and Cantalapiedra, and fortified that of Sieteiglesias, and placed his men in
them; from which strongholds they sallied forth to rob in all the regions round about,
and brought to him the treasure and goods they collected. He also captured the town
of Tordesillas, and augmented his power in such wise, that the great cities of Burgos,
Avila, Salamanca, Segovia, Valladolid, and Medina, and all the other towns in that
country, gave him a regular tribute of bread, wine, and money, to purchase security.
And thenceforward he continued to make other demands from them, of money and
cattle, all which was yielded to his satisfaction. And by such oppressions he acquired
great riches, so as to maintain constantly in his pay no less than three hundred
mounted banditti. All the grandees of the kingdom who had estates in these districts

held him in fear, and gave him largesses, that he might not make war against them on
their lands. And from the success of this alcaide, many other alcaides in the kingdom
took example, and set themselves to pillaging and ransoming the people, and
defending the crimes and misdeeds which robbers perpetrated. Some time elapsed in
this wise, when Pedro de Mendaña was besieged in his castle of Castronuño, and after
an obstinate defence surrendered only upon honorable terms of capitulation; he and
his bands escaping all punishment, as if what he had done was in the mere common
course of war.
We shall give one other incident equally characteristic, but differing from the
foregoing, as it shows how the great nobles and their immediate followers demeaned
themselves in the same reign. Don Henrique had abandoned the control of affairs to
his queen, and to her paramour Don Beltram de la Cueva, Conde de Ledesma, who
was universally believed to have dishonored the royal bed, and to be the father of the
Infanta Juana, stigmatized from this circumstance by the sobriquet of la Beltraneja, by
which name she is uniformly styled in Spanish history. The power enjoyed by this
ancient Godoy excited a confederation of the discontented grandees and prelates,
having for its object the deposition of Don Henrique, and the elevation of his brother
Don Alonzo to the throne. The chroniclers Diego Enriquez del Castillo and Alonzo de
Palencia describe the scene which ensued.
The leagued barons, being assembled at Avila, selected an extensive plain without the
city, on which they erected a large scaffold, open on all sides, so that the citizens of
Avila and the multitude who came from other towns to witness the ceremonial, might
plainly see everything which took place. Here was displayed a royal throne, on which
sat a figure representing Don Henrique with the crown on his head, a sword before,
and the sceptre in his hand, in the usual manner of arraying the person of kings.
Everything being thus arranged, the barons rode out from the city towards the
scaffold, accompanied by Don Alonzo. When they had arrived, Don Juan Pacheco,
Marquis de Villena, with the master of Alcantara, and the Conde de Medellin, took the
prince a little way aside, while the other lords approached and placed themselves
behind the effigy, ready to perform the act of dethronement.
Having done this, one of them advanced to the front of the scaffold, and read a paper
with a loud voice, setting forth the offences of Don Henrique, which they divided into
four principal heads. For the first, they alleged that he deserved to lose his royal
dignity, whereupon the Archbishop of Toledo, Don Alonzo Carrillo, advanced, and
took the crown from the brows of the mimic king. For the second, he forfeited the
right of jurisdiction and justice, wherefore Don Alvaro de Zuñiga, Conde de Plasencia,
removed the sword which lay on his lap. For the third, he ought to lose the
government of his kingdom, and so Don Rodrigo Pimentel, Conde de Benavente,
snatched the sceptre which he held in his hand. Lastly, for the fourth, he deserved to
be deprived of the throne and establishment of a king, wherefore Don Diego Lopez de
Luñiga, approaching and striking the effigy from the chair in which it was seated,

kicked it ignominiously from the scaffold to the ground, accompanying the act with
bitter terms of invective and reproach against the person and character of Don
Henrique.
Immediately upon this, Don Alonzo came up, and being placed on the throne, received
the insignia of royalty, with the homage and fealty of the banded knights, who kissed
his hands as king and right lord of the realm, ordering the trumpets to sound a loud
note of joy and triumph, amid the shouts of "viva el rey" from themselves and their
partisans, and the muttered lamentations of the shocked and terrified multitude, too
conscious that all the extremities of civil war must tread close on the heels of such
high-handed and outrageous misdemeanors. And so indeed it was to the scandal of all
Spain, and to the desolation and misery of the people, until the sudden death of Don
Alonzo deprived the disaffected lords of a rallying-point, and abated, but did not
extinguish, the fury of embattled factions in wretched Castile.
After the death of Don Alonzo, there remained only Doña Isabel, the young sister of
the king, who could dispute with him the possession of the crown. She was daughter
of Don Juan by a second marriage, being born at Madrigal, in old Castile, the twenty-
second day of April, in the year 1451. Ere she had completed her fourth year, her
father died, and Don Henrique, on succeeding to the crown, left Isabel and her mother
to languish in poverty and obscurity in the seclusion of their town and lordship of
Arevalo. The queen-mother, Doña Isabel of Portugal, soon lost her reason from the
accumulated burden of degradation and other sorrows, and her deserted daughter, far
from the luxury of palaces, and stripped of all the flattering incidents of royal birth,
entered upon that childhood and youth of affliction whose trials were to conduct to so
glorious an issue in her after life. Don Henrique did indeed, after a while, repent him
of his abandonment of the injured Isabel, and received her into his palace, to enjoy the
advantages which belonged to her rank.
But what a scene was there for the pure and ingenuous recluse of the walls of Arevalo!
The implacable foe of the Gothic name strengthened himself among the hills of
Granada, and defied the chivalry of Castile to the field; but the descendant of Don
Pelayo was now a craven knight and a minion ruled prince, the scorn alike of
Christian and of Moor; and consumed the treasures of his kingdom in revelry and
favoritism, and its blood in civil broils, in the stead of devoting them to the noble task
of driving Muley Hassan, from the golden halls and marble courts of the Alhambra,
back to the native deserts of his race.

The skipping king, he ambled up and down,
With shallow gestures, and rash bavin wits,
Soon kindled and soon burnt: carded his state;
Mingled his royalty with carping fools;
Had his great name profaned with their scorn.

And, worst of all, the profligate consort of a shameless monarch, the guilty Doña
Juana, lived in unchecked adultery with Don Beltran, at once the falsest of friends and
most incapable of ministers, and reared up the offspring of their crime, the unfortunate
Beltraneja, to be the watchword of treason in Castile for many a weary year of
bloodshed and confusion. Fortunately for Isabel, she possessed a native dignity and
purity of character, fortified and refined by the seeming mischances of her lot, which,
however, had but taught her the "sweet uses" of adversity; and she passed through the
fiery ordeal of a dissolute court unscathed, or rather with her genuine nobility of soul
yet more elevated, by a shrinking repulsion for the foul atmosphere she had been
compelled to breathe.
When the death of Don Alonzo, the victim of poison, administered to him in his food,
left the insurgent nobles without a suitable chief, they went to Doña Isabel, with the
Archbishop of Toledo at their head, and tendered her the sceptre of Castile. She had
taken refuge in a convent at Avila, anxious to escape from the horrors of civil war,
which everywhere met her eye. If her principles of conduct had been less pure and
upright, the spectacle of her country given up to the reciprocal rage of hostile
partisans, and her beloved brother the early victim of unregulated ambition, would
have come to confirm her resolutions in such a crisis. But she needed not this; and
immovable in her loyalty to her unworthy lord and brother, Don Henrique, she
unhesitatingly and decidedly refused the proffers of allegiance made her by the
grandees in arms against the crown. A procedure so full of high-toned generosity,
while it won the regards of Don Henrique, was not without its influence upon his
enemies, and greatly furthered the conclusion of a qualified peace at the congress of
Los Toros de Guisando, where Don Henrique proclaimed Doña Isabel sole heiress of
his kingdom, thus forever sealing the fate of La Beltraneja, whom he declared under
oath not to be his child.
The barons, who had so contumeliously enacted the ceremony of dethroning the king
in effigy at Avila, now returned to his confidence, and engaged in a new series of
intrigues for the disposal of the hand of Doña Isabel, who, as heiress of Castile and
Leon, was sought for in marriage by many of the great princes of Europe. Don Juan
Pacheco obtained the grand mastership of Santiago, and the Archbishop of Toledo was
again trusted. Of the various alliances which offered, that of the house of Aragon, as
uniting the two great fragments of the Spanish monarchy, it was the interest of every
true patriot to promote; and thus it was viewed by the Archbishop. But Don Juan had
reasons of personal interest for opposing this, and managed to gain exclusive control
of the movements and purposes of the king. They endeavored to compel the princess
by threats of imprisonment to marry the King of Portugal, a widower far advanced in
years, and wholly unsuitable as a husband for the fair and youthful Isabel. Failing this
hopeful scheme, they fixed on Charles, Duke of Berri and Guienne, brother of Louis
XI. of France. Don Fadrique Enriquez, Admiral of Castile, and Don Mosen Pierres de
Peralta, Constable of Navarre, were coadjutors of the Archbishop in furthering the

proposals of the young Ferdinand of Aragon, who had a still more powerful partisan
than either in the growing tenderness of Doña Isabel.
In fact, Isabel, like a discreet and prudent lady as she was, had been playing a game of
her own under the rose; quite as cunningly as the politic nobles and astute churchmen
of her brother's court. Two of the applicants for her hand were quickly disposed of.
She would not think of the old King of Portugal, who might as well be her father as
her husband. George of Clarence, another of her suitors, had acquired a reputation of
ferocity in the wars of York and Lancaster that put him out of the question. There
remained only Charles and Ferdinand as subjects of deliberate consideration. She
privately dispatched her chaplain, a man of entire trust, called Alonzo de Coca, with
instructions to repair to the court of France on some pretended object of business or
pleasure, and seek out the Duc de Guienne, and carefully make inquiries concerning
him, and then return through Aragon to do the same with regard to Don Fernando, so
as to bring back a full and faithful report to his mistress. He gave Doña Isabel a
complete account of the appearance and habits of both princes, relating in how many
things the Prince of Aragon excelled the Duke of Guienne. Don Fernando, he said,
was in countenance and proportion of person very handsome, and of noble air and
manner, and apt in every knightly exercise or princely deed. The Duke of Guienne, on
the contrary, he said, was weak and effeminate, with legs so small as to be altogether
deformed, and with weeping eyes already sinking into blindness, so that, ere long, he
would stand more in need of a page to lead him by the hand, than of horse and lance
for the battle-field or tournament.
Doña Isabel instantly came to a right conclusion upon what course to pursue,
resolving to bestow her virgin heart and young affections upon a prince worthy of her
choice, instead of giving over her person to caducity and deformity, to accommodate
the ambitious projects of scheming statesmen. The Archbishop having a perfect
understanding with the gentlemen of her household, Don Gonzalo Chacon and Don
Gutierre de Cardenas, a private correspondence with Isabel was commenced and
carried on for some time unsuspected, and she finally accepted a rich collar of gems
and pearls sent her by Don Fernando, with other suitable presents, and consented to
become his bride.
Doña Isabel resided at this time in Ocaña, whither she and the king had been
conducted by Don Juan Pacheco, in order that they might be completely in his hands,
it being a place subject to his control as master of Santiago. Hither Don Henrique
summoned the Cortez, in order that the compact of Los Toros de Guisando might be
carried into effect, and Doña Isabel recognized by the estates of the realm as heiress of
Castile and Leon. Beginning, however, to fluctuate in his intention, and receiving
tidings of disturbances in Andalusia which rendered his presence necessary there, he
left Ocaña before anything was done, after compelling Doña Isabel to swear that "she
would not undertake any novelty respecting her marriage during his absence."

As Doña Isabel had already engaged to espouse Don Fernando, although Don
Henrique knew it not, her clerical counsellors persuaded her that she might
conscientiously swear not to "undertake any novelty respecting her marriage," and that
she ought to do so, to lull the suspicions of Don Henrique and the master. But no
sooner had these last departed from Ocaña, than the conspirators, if so they may be
termed, proceeded with all possible dispatch to conclude the marriage, and so place
themselves beyond the resentment of the king and the manœuvres of Don Juan.
Doña Isabel was first conveyed to Madrigal, where her mother then lived, it being
given out that her object was to remove her brother's body from Arevalo, and
superintend the interment of it at Avila. Uneasy at her leaving Ocaña, and suspecting
all was not right, the master now took measures for possessing himself of her person;
but the Archbishop and Don Fadrique, getting intelligence of his designs, mustered a
party of their friends, and conducted her in all haste to Valladolid, which was wholly
at the devotion of the Admiral. As the Marquis of Villena was now on his guard, and
ready to take any desperate step to secure the disputed prize, the friends of Doña
Isabel saw that no time was to be lost in deliberation. Everything had been previously
arranged, so far as it could be, preliminary to the marriage, a dispensation having been
procured from the Pope, and Don Fernando having been raised by his father to the
dignity of King of Sicily to make him better worthy of Doña Isabel. Nothing remained
but that Don Fernando should come to Valladolid, and espouse the Infanta; and this
was a task of greater difficulty than at first sight it would seem.
The management of the affair was intrusted to Don Gutierre de Cardenas and Don
Alonzo de Palencia, the latter a gentleman attached to the Archbishop. They counted
upon the Bishop of Osma, Don Pedro Montoya, to furnish one hundred and fifty
lances, and Don Louis de la Cerda, the Count of Medinaceli, five hundred, which,
with three or four hundred more to be procured from other sources, they deemed a
sufficient escort to insure the safety of Don Fernando. But when Cardenas and
Palencia reached Osma on their way to Zaragoza, they learnt to their consternation
that the Bishop and the Conde de Medinaceli, with the usual levity of the Castilian
nobles of that day, had deserted the party of Doña Isabel, and joined that of the master.
The whole frontier was held by the powerful bands of Mendoza, who occupied with
their retainers and connections all the castles along the line from Almazan to
Guadalajara. Cardenas and Palencia became convinced that it was now impossible for
Don Fernando to enter Castile openly, and that, unless they could succeed by some
ingenious stratagem, the whole object, for which they had labored so long and so
earnestly, would be utterly and perhaps forever defeated. They determined to make a
bold push to overmatch the machinations of their enemies.
Concealing their immediate purpose, which they could easily do, by Cardenas passing
for the servant of Don Alonzo, who frequently had occasion to go to and fro on
business of the Archbishop's, they hastened forward to Zaragoza, and proposed to Don
Fernando to repair to Valladolid in disguise and without attendance. Cardenas

communicated to the prince the loving messages of Doña Isabel, with her maidenly
complaints that he had not yet visited her in Castile, and her prayers that he would not
abandon her in the perilous predicament wherein she was placed for his sake. Don
Fernando instantly resolved to hasten to Valladolid at all hazards, on the wings of love
and hope; having first sent forward Don Mosen Pero Vaca, a confidential servant of
his father, the King of Aragon, on a simulated embassy to Don Henrique, so as to
blind the eyes of the Mendozas, of Don Luis de la Cerda, and of the rest of their
faction along the road to Valladolid.
Don Fernando, then, accompanied only by a few domestics, in whom he could repose
implicit confidence, put himself under the guidance of Cardenas, and boldly passed
the line which separates Aragon from Castile. Being obliged to stop to refresh
themselves and their mules, they halted at a hamlet between Gomara and Osma, where
they passed for mere traders, the prince busying himself to take care of the mules and
horses, and to serve at the table, so as to divert all suspicion from his own person.
After a multitude of difficulties and hair-breadth escapes, he safely arrived in the dead
of night at Osma, where he found Don Pedro Manrique, Conde de Trevino, and three
hundred lances secretly got together and prepared to escort him for the residue of his
journey; the Manriques, the Rojas under the Conde de Castro, and other friends of
Doña Isabel, being on the alert and in command of the road from Osma to Valladolid.
Don Fernando was welcomed by the Conde de Trevino and his followers at Osma
with cries of joy and flourish of trumpets, and conducted through the streets by the
light of flaming torches, which blazed out upon the astonished sight of the inhabitants
and the soldiers of the garrison, waking from their slumbers to witness the triumphant
entry of Don Fernando. Cardenas pushed on with fresh horses to Valladolid, to give
tidings of the approach of the party, who followed with all possible speed.
Meanwhile, the Archbishop and the Admiral had been secretly gathering in their
friends, and introducing them by small parties into Valladolid, as we have already
seen. When Don Gutierre arrived in the evening at the house of Vivero, he found them
anxiously awaiting the coming of Don Fernando. Chacon was sent back to meet him,
and conduct him into the house by the postern door from the garden, so as to avoid the
risk of his being seen and recognized in the streets of the city. His followers halted at a
village a few miles from Valladolid, while he rode in almost alone, to plight his faith
as a prince and a knight to the fair Isabella. This interview took place the fourteenth
day of October, 1469. Don Fernando returned to Dueañs the same night, and remained
there until the eighteenth day of the month, when all the conditions of the intended
marriage having been fully settled, he publicly entered Valladolid, in company with
several lords of the houses of Manrique and Rojas, and was received without the gates
by the Archbishop, the Admiral, and a brilliant cortege of the principal cavaliers of the
city. Concealment was no longer necessary, and in the evening the espousals of the
prince and princess were published and ratified before a great concourse of spectators,
assembled in the house of Don Juan de Vivero. And there, on the following morning,

the marriage ceremony was performed, and the nuptial benediction pronounced with
feasts and rejoicings, it is true, but without the magnificence of display, the
tournaments, the public dances, and the bull-fights, which the custom of the times and
place required in honor of royal espousals.
It was, in fact, a STOLEN MATCH, to which the weak tyranny of the king, and the
factious violence of the nobles, who possessed his good-will, drove the future lords of
Spain, Italy, and the Indies. And distrust, as with ample cause we may, the virtue that
is reared in the moral contagion of palaces, never yet did prince or subject take to his
arms a more pure and lovely wife—loyal, affectionate, tender, and true, endowed with
every queen-becoming grace mingled and tempered with the blander charms of
humble life—than yielded up her maiden hand and heart on that occasion to her lover
king.
If the gentle reader would appreciate the moral of our tale, let him summon up before
his mind's eye the picture of Isabella of Castile, married by stealth in the hall of a
private dwelling, and hardly with the solemnities of a common Spanish bridal; and
then compare the scene with that of the same Isabel, in the overpowering glories and
stupendous triumphs of her after life, as exhibited in the graphic, picturesque, and
impressive pages of Washington Irving. It were idle for us to attempt a task
accomplished to our hands by his magic pen. Why advance to break spears with him,
when the challenger would thus but show his own weakness, without calling into
display the strength of the challenged? Instead of this, we shall have recourse to that
mine from which he has dug so many gems, borrowing a single trait to fill up our
canvas from the naïve pages of the curate of Los Palacios:—
"The right noble and ever blessed queen, Doña Isabel, with the king Don Fernando her
husband, reigned over the realms and lordships of Castile nine and twenty years and
ten months; in the which time was the greatest exaltation, triumph, honor, and
prosperity that ever chanced in Spain. Consider that, being the stainless daughter of
such noble lineage and royal stock and ancestry, she entertained in her person so many
other and excellent havings, the which our Lord adorned her withal, wherein she
outshone and overtopped all the queens, whether of Christendom or of any differing
law which did go before her, not only, I say, in Spain, but in all the world, of those
whereof by their virtue and their graces, and by their wisdom and their power, the
memory doth live and flourish. Who could worthily recount the grandeur, the
magnificence of her court; the prelates, learned men, and venerable counsellors, who
always accompanied her; the reverend fathers, the precentors, and the musical
accordances in honor of divine worship; the solemnity of the masses and honors
continually chanted in her palace; the knightly and martial nobles of Spain, dukes,
masters, marquisses, and ricos hombres; the gallants and dames, the jousts and
tournaments, the multitude of poets and troubadours and minstrels of every degree;
the men of arms and war, ever in battle against the Moors, with all their artillery and
engines of infinite variety; and the gold and silver and gems and pagan men brought

from the Indies newly discovered, where the setting sun goes down behind the ocean
sea! Spain was, in the time of these victorious kings, Don Fernando and Doña Isabel,
more triumphant, sublimated, and potent, and more feared and honored, than ever
before or since; and so of this right noble queen, the fame shall be cherished forever in
the realms and lordships of Castile."

THE PLEIADES.

(See Plate.)

Borne by music on their way,
Every chord a living ray,
Sinking on a song-like breeze,
The lyre of the Pleiades;
With its seven fair sisters bent
O'er their starry instrument,
Each a star upon her brow,
Somewhat dim in daylight's glow,
That clasped the flashing coronet
On their midnight tresses set.

And who were they, the lovely seven,
With shape of earth, and home in heaven?
Daughters of King Atlas they—
He of the enchanted sway:
He who read the mystic lines
Of the planets' wondrous signs;
He the sovereign of the air—
They were his, these daughters fair.
Six were brides in sky and sea
To some crowned divinity;
But his youngest, loveliest one,
Was as yet unwooed, unwon.
On that sky lyre a chord is mute
Haply, one echo yet remains,
To linger on the Poet's lute,
And tell, in his most mournful strains,
A star hath left its native sky
To touch our cold earth, and to die;
To warn the young heart how it trust
To mortal vows, whose faith is dust;
To bid the young cheek guard its bloom
From wasting by such early doom;
Warn by the histories linked with all
That ever bowed to passion's thrall
Warn by all—above—below,
By that lost Pleiad's depth of woe—
Warn them, love is of heavenly birth,
But turns to death on touching earth.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING
ORNAMENTS IN RICE-SHELL-WORK.
The term "shell-work" may, perhaps, suggest to our readers those gay, and sometimes
gaudy, but often very striking groups of brightly-tinted shell-flowers, which we meet
with at most watering-places. These certainly form showy ornaments for the table or
mantle-piece, but are scarcely adapted for ladies' work; the plaster, stiff wire, rough
colors, and actual hard work, being matters by no means fitted for
"Delicate and dainty fingers!"
The shell-work we propose to teach is a very different affair, its lightness and purity of
look adapting it peculiarly for wreaths, or sprays for the hair or dress; and the
materials of which it is composed, rendering it an elegant drawing-room occupation,
as well as one calculated to call forth the artistic taste and inventive powers of the
worker; for it is capable of infinite variety.
We shall divide our instructions into two branches—viz., the "Simple," and the
"Composite Rice-Shell-Work." The former will exclusively occupy our first article.

HEADDRESS, OR RICE-SHELL-WORK.

The shells we use are called "rice-shells," from their resemblance to the grains of rice;
they are brought from the West Indies, and sold by measure, or by the box, at most
conchological repositories. Their Latin name Voluta Nivea. Those who would study
economy will often obtain them very cheaply from those miscellaneous dealers who
purchase the foreign shells and curiosities brought from abroad by sailors. A pint of
these shells will go a great way.
Before we can set to work, the shells must be cleaned and prepared. For this purpose,
the first thing to be done is, with a strong yet fine-pointed pin, to free each shell from
any grit or dirt which may have accumulated in the interior. Next, with a strong, sharp
pair of scissors, a bit of about the size of a pin's point is to be clipped off from the
extreme tip of each shell, so as to leave a tiny hole there, not larger than the eye of a
middle-sized sewing-needle. This is a manipulation requiring care, as, if it is roughly
done, too large an opening will be made, and the symmetry of the shell will be
destroyed. Neither should the worker stoop over the shell while clipping it, for, if the
bit of shell snipped off were to fly into the eyes, it would occasion much irritation and
pain. Practice will soon enable any one to clip the shells rapidly and evenly.
In order to set about rice-shell-work tidily and systematically, it will be necessary to
have a dozen little square card-board trays or boxes, about three or four inches square,
and two inches deep. These can be easily made from white or colored card-board, and
should be so contrived that they may fit into one another, and all be contained in one
large tray or box of similar material, and covered over by one cover.
As the shells are cut, let them be sorted into three divisions, the small, the middle-
sized, and the large shells. When all are clipped, put them into three separate basins;
pour over them cold water enough to cover the shells, and to stand about an inch
above them. Into this water put soda and mottled soap, in the proportion of half an
ounce of each to a full pint of water; the soap should be shredded. Cover the basins,
and set them on a hob, or in an oven, near a good fire; stir up the whole occasionally,
and let it remain until the water is scalding hot, not longer. Then rub the shells gently
with the hands, and pour off that water; and having rinsed the shells, add a fresh
supply of water, and put in only soap this time. Let it again stand by the fire until hot,
stirring it occasionally; then again rub the shells gently between the hands, pour off
the soapy water, and rinse them thoroughly with clear, cold water.
Now lay a soft, folded towel on the table; put about a tablespoonful at a time of shells
on this towel, and turning another fold of it over, rub them gently, but sufficiently to
free them from moisture. Have ready a silk handkerchief, and remove them to this,
and polish them with it, and then transfer them to one of the boxes, and setting it on
the hob, let it stand there until the shells feel warm, shaking it occasionally in order
that all may be equally dried. They will now be ready for use, and ought to have a
pearly, white, polished appearance.

Take notice that too much soap or soda, or too great a degree of heat in the water, or
too long a soaking, will make them look yellow; while too much heat when drying
will crack them or render them brittle, and too little will leave a moisture about them
which will tarnish the other parts of the work.
The next important item to the shells is the silver wire. This is bought on reels, by the
ounce, and can be obtained of any of the large gold and silver bullion fringe-makers
and wire-drawers in this city. As "Evans's Derby Crochet Cotton" is doubtless well
known to most of our readers, we will compare the different sized wires required to
the different numbers of this cotton of similar size. The coarsest silver wire we ever
need would be about the calibre of No. 10 "Derby Cotton;" the next about that of No.
16; and the finest about the size of No. 24 or 30. The two latter are those chiefly used
for leaves, flowers, &c., the coarsest being generally only employed for the stem on to
which the various component parts of a wreath or spray are to be grafted, or for
baskets, or ornamental groups; our aim being lightness, not only of appearance but of
weight, we use the thinnest wire we can consistently with firmness.
The largest shells are chiefly used for baskets; the middle-sized and small ones for
flowers and leaves. Each kind is to be contained in its own box.
Into another of the boxes cut some two or three hundred lengths of the middle-sized
wire, each piece measuring about two and a half inches.
Having now made all our preparations, we will set to work, and see how all the
various separate portions of the headdress given at the commencement of this article
are made, and how they are put together.
The following cut shows the manner in which every
shell required for leaves or flowers must be
prepared. We call it "wiring the shells." In order to
effect it, the shell must be taken between the finger
and thumb of the left hand, with its point towards
the tip of the finger, and its opening turned upwards;
then one of the two-and-a-half-inch lengths of wire,
which we directed should be prepared, must be
taken in the right hand, and one end of it passed in at
the point, and out at the opening of the shell, and a
third of it drawn through, and then turned over on
itself; the folded wire being then held between the
thumb and finger of the right hand, the shell must be
turned round and round until the wires are
sufficiently twisted together, to hold the shell firmly. In a very short time this
manipulation will become so familiar that it will be performed with astonishing ease
and dispatch.

Keep the wired shells sorted, laying the smaller ones in a box to themselves, and the
middle-sized ones also in a box to themselves, and with the shells all towards one end;
for, when we come to make up the flowers, &c., it is astonishing how much time will
be saved by our being able at once to put our hands on the portion we need.
Having thus wired a hundred or two, or more of shells, according to the purpose we
have in view, we next proceed to make them up.
A leaf, like the one represented, may be made
of any number of shells, from five to fifteen, or
even twenty-five. A very small shell should be
chosen for the apex, and then the pairs
graduated so as to increase in size towards the
stem. They should all be picked out, and laid
ready for use before we begin to form the leaf.
Take the small central, or top shell between the
finger and thumb of the left hand, allow the
shell itself and about an eighth of an inch of the
twisted wire to project above the finger, and
have the opening of the shell turned towards
you. Take the first pair of shells and insert one
on either side of the central one, leaving about
the tenth of an inch of twisted wire between the
shells and their junction with the wire of the middle shell; then, with the finest wire,
bind them all together by twisting the fine wire neatly round and round the stem, for
the distance of nearly a quarter of an inch, when the second pair of shells are to be
added, arranged, and bound on in like manner and for a similar distance; continue thus
all the way down, leaving the wires between the shell and the stem a little longer at
each pair, keeping all the openings one way, and taking care to bind the stem firmly
and compactly, and especially to avoid leaving any projecting ends or points of wire,
as these not only look untidy, but are excessively inconvenient if the work is intended
for wear.
The flower bud is formed by taking one of the lengths of wire, threading a shell on it,
and then a small Roman pearl bead, and then a second shell, and twisting the wire to
keep them all firm. It will be perceived by the engraving that the bead comes between
the two points of the shells, and that both openings lie the same way.
This is what we term a "single," or "simple flower." It is composed of five wired shells
of equal size; the openings are all turned inwards, and the wires bound together
immediately below the points of the shells firmly and compactly, all the way down to
the very extremity.

This double flower is composed of seventeen shells—viz., twelve small ones, and five
of a middle size. The five are arranged as in the single flower, and the twelve are made
up into four leaflets of three each, put together in the way a leaf is commenced; these
leaflets are bound on to the flower, being arranged evenly round it, and so as to leave
about a quarter of an inch of its stem above their junction with it, and the same length
of wire between the pair of shells in each leaflet and the stem. Bend them into their
places when the flower is completed.

Another variety of flower is here given, composed of twelve small shells, so arranged
as to leave half an inch of wire between the point of each shell and the place where we
begin to bind it; all the openings face upwards. The shells are to be arranged like the
spokes of a wheel.

Wheat-ears may be made of any number of shells, from eighteen to thirty, and of
either small or middle-sized shells. One is taken as an apex, then a pair set one on
either side of it, then one in the centre; then another pair, and so on, binding them on,
almost close to the point of each shell, and putting in here and there three-quarter-inch
lengths of the middle-sized wire, to resemble the beards.

This is a representation of an ornamental group; the shells
chosen for it should be the large ones. Three lengths of wire
(middle-sized), measuring about four or five inches, must be
cut off. A shell is threaded on each wire, the wire folded
double, a twist or two given to it just to maintain the shell in
its place, and then the double wire wound round a good sized
pin to give it that spiral form. The three, when done, are
bound together at the bottom for about a quarter of an inch,
and mounted on an inch or two of the coarsest wire.
In binding leaves, flowers, &c., the fine wire should not be
cut off until the leaf, or whatever it may be, is complete, as it
is desirable to avoid ends and roughnesses.
We could amplify these notices, but we consider that the
engravings will be sufficient to show our readers the kind of
groups that can be arranged, and suggest to inventive and
tasteful minds a multitude of other combinations.
With regard to their adjustment into sprays, or wreath, we can say but little, because
that is so much a matter of taste. A light and graceful appearance should be aimed at,
and the work neither crowded too closely together, nor left too straggling. It will often
be advisable to mount a flower on a couple of inches of the coarse wire, in order to
lengthen the stem, and it may then be grouped with a bud, or with spiral shells; but no
rules can be laid down in an optional matter like this. The foundation stem, or that
from which all the sprays of the headdress given at the commencement of this article,
hangs, should be of double coarse wire; and the stems of the sprays of single coarse
wire. All are to be bound on with the finest wire, and as neatly and as lightly as is
consistent with firmness.
Care must be taken not to tarnish the wire by too much handling, especially with
warm hands, or by unnecessary exposure to the atmosphere. When not in use, the reels
should always be kept enveloped in silver paper.
The leaves of various sizes, the flowers of different kinds, and the other portions,
should be consigned each to the boxes appropriated for them, as fast as they are made,
and not all heaped together in one inextricable mass.
In our next article we shall describe the "Composite Rice-Shell-Work," which will
present to our lady pupils a variety of ornamental arrangement.
This pleasing art is well worthy the pains and patience of all
"Who in work both contentment and happiness find."

DRESS—AS A FINE ART.

BY MRS. MERRIFIELD.

REMARKS ON PARTICULAR COSTUMES.
We must now offer a few brief remarks upon certain costumes which appear to us
most worthy of our attention and study, for their general elegance and adaptation to
the figure. Of the modern Greek we have already spoken. The style of dress which has
been immortalized by the pencil of Vandyck is considered among the most elegant
that has ever prevailed in this country. It is not, however, faultless. The row of small
curls round the face, how becoming soever to some persons, is somewhat formal, and
although the general arrangement of the hair, which preserves the natural size and
shape of the head, is more graceful than that of the time of Sir Joshua Reynolds, we
think it would have been more pleasing had it left visible the line which divides the
hair from the forehead. With regard to the dress itself: in the first place, the figures are
spoiled by stays; secondly, the dress is cut too low in front; and thirdly, the large
sleeves sometimes give too great width in front to the shoulders. These defects are, in
some degree, counterbalanced by the graceful flow of the ample drapery, and of the
large sleeves, which are frequently widest at their lower part, and by the gently
undulating line which unites the waist of the dress with the skirt. The Vandyck dress,
with its voluminous folds, is, however, more appropriate to the inhabitants of palaces
than to the ordinary occupants of this working-day world. The drapery is too wide and
flowing for convenience.
Lely's half-dressed figures may be passed over without comment; they are draped, not
dressed. Kneller's are more instructive on the subject of costume. The dress of Queen
Anne, in Kneller's portrait, is graceful and easy. The costume is a kind of transition
between the Vandyck and Reynolds styles. The sleeves are smaller at the shoulder
than in the former, and larger at the lower part than in the latter; in fact, they resemble
those now worn by the modern Greeks. The dress is cut higher round the bust, and is
longer in the waist than the Vandycks, while the undulating line uniting the body and
skirt is still preserved. While such good examples were set by the painters—who were
not, however, the inventors of the fashions they painted—it is astonishing that these
graceful styles of dress should have been superseded in real life by the lofty
headdresses and preposterous fashions which prevailed during the same period, and
long afterwards, and which even the ironical and severe remarks of Addison in the
"Spectator" were unable to banish from the circles of fashion. Speaking of the dresses
of ladies during the reigns of James II. and William III., Mr. Planché, in his History of
British Costume (p. 318), says: "The tower or commode was still worn, and the gowns
and petticoats flounced and furbelowed, so that every part of the garment was in curl;"
and a lady of fashion "looked like one of those animals," says the "Spectator," "which

in the country we call a Friesland hen." But in 1711 we find Mr. Addison remarking:
"The whole sex is now dwarfed and shrunk into a race of beauties that seems almost
another species. I remember several ladies who were once nearly seven feet high, that
at present want some inches of five. How they came to be thus curtailed, I cannot
learn; whether the whole sex be at present under any penance which we know nothing
of, or whether they have cast their headdresses in order to surprise us with something
in that kind which shall be entirely new: though I find most are of opinion they are at
present like trees lopped and pruned that will certainly sprout up and flourish with
greater heads than before."
The costume of the time of Sir Joshua Reynolds, as treated by this great artist, though
less splendid, appears to us, with the exception of the headdress, nearly as graceful,
and far more convenient than the Vandyck dress. It is more modest, more easy, and
better adapted to show the true form of the shoulders, while the union of the body of
the dress with the skirt is effected in the same graceful manner as in the Vandyck
portraits. The material of the drapery in the latter is generally silks and satins; of the
former, it is frequently muslin, and stuff of a soft texture, which clings more closely to
the form. That much of the elegance of both styles of dress is to be attributed to the
skill and good taste of the painters, is evident from an examination of portraits by
contemporary artists. Much also may be ascribed to the taste of the wearer. There are
some people who, though habited in the best and richest clothes, never appear well-
dressed; their garments, rumpled and untidy, look as if they had been pitched on them,
like hay, with a fork; while others, whose dress consists of the most homely materials,
appear well-dressed, from the neatness and taste with which their clothes are arranged.
Leaving now the caprices of fashion, we must notice a class of persons who, from a
religious motive, have resisted for two hundred years the tyranny of fashion, and until
recently have transmitted the same form of dress from mother to daughter for nearly
the same period of years. The ladies of the Society of Friends, or as they are usually
called "Quakers," are still distinguished by the simplicity and neatness of their dress—
the quiet drabs and browns of which frequently contrast with the richness of the
material—and by the absence of all ornament and frippery. Every part of their dress is
useful and convenient; it has neither frills nor flounces, nor trimmings to carry the dirt
and get shabby before the dress itself; nor wide sleeves to dip in the plates, and lap up
the gravy and sauces, nor artificial flowers, nor bows of ribbons. The dress is long
enough for decency, but not so long as to sweep the streets, as many dresses and
shawls are daily seen to do. Some few years back, the Quaker ladies might have been
reproached with adhering to the letter, while they rejected the spirit of their code of
dress, by adhering too literally to the costume handed down to them. The crowns of
their caps were formerly made very high, and for this reason it was necessary that the
crowns of the bonnets should be high enough to admit the cap crown; hence the
particularly ugly and remarkable form of this part of the dress. The crown of the cap
has, however, recently been lowered, and the Quaker ladies, with much good sense,

have not only modified the form of their bonnets, but also adopted the straw and
drawn-silk bonnet in their most simple forms. In the style of their dress, also, they
occasionally approach so near the fashions generally worn, that they are no longer
distinguishable by the singularity of their dress, but by its simplicity and chasteness.

PREPARATIONS FOR COMPANY.
A hostess who wishes that her friends should enjoy their dinner, and that she also
should enjoy it with them, must see that all is ready and at hand before her guests
arrive. If her servants are well trained, and accustomed to do things regularly, when
there is no company, there will be little difficulty when there is; and if there is that
pleasant understanding between the head and the hands of the household which should
always exist, any casual mistake will easily be rectified; an accident itself will
occasion more fun than fuss; and although no host and hostess should feel as
unconcerned or indifferent at their own table as elsewhere, the duty of seeing that
nobody wants anything will be manifestly a pleasant one, whilst the simple cordiality,
which delights in good appetites and cheerful countenances, and the domestic order
which is evidently, but unostentatiously, the presiding genius of the family, will go far
to enhance the flavor of the simplest fare.

A GREAT MULROONEY STORY.
ALL ABOUT TIM DELANEY. HOW HE WINT COORTIN' WID HIS
MASTHER, AND THE CONSEQUENCES.

BY SYLVANUS URBAN, THE YOUNGER.

"Wanst upon a time—an', sure, that's not so long ago, afther all—there wor a grate
fri'ndship betune the familees of the Sullivans an' the O'Briens; but, by raison of their
livin' a long ways apart, they niver sot eyes on ache other for many's the year, though
they kep' up the ould good-will by writin' letthers back an' fore, wid the
shuperscupshins of, 'Yer humble sarvint to command, Murtoch O'Brien ma bouchal,'
or, 'May the heavins be yer bed, an' glory be wid ye, Dennis Sullivan a hagur!'
"Well, the years rowled by, an', in the mane time, the sunshine lived foriver in the
house of Murtoch O'Brien, in the shape of a daughther that bate the wureld for beauty;
while Dinnis Sullivan wor prouder of his son Maurice nor if he had found all the
goold mines of Californy, wid all the jooels of the Aist Injees to the top of 'em. Oh,
faix, but ye may be sartin that the ould min in their letthers gossipped about the
childher, an' that Misther O'Brien, bein' discinded from the anshint kings of Munsther,
belaved his daughther Norah the aquil of any princess in Eurip and Aishey, lettin'
alone the Turkeys and the Roosthers—Rooshins, I mane—an' the Jarmans, an' the
Frinch, an' all the other haythens.
"Well, by coorse, by an' by, young Masther Maurice an' the butyful Miss Norah wor
conthracted thegither by the ould people; though, it's the thruth I'm sayin', nayther of
the youngsthers wor beknowin' to it at all, until wan day, when Maurice wor near
grown to be a man, his fadher up an' tould him what he had done. 'Well an' good!' sez
Maurice, for he wor a mighty purty behaved young jintleman; an', wid that, he crasses
over the salt say into forrin parts, where he larned to ate frogs in France, an' to sleep
undher a feather bed in Jarmany, wid his exthremities stickin' out. By an' by, whin he
had finished his eddicashin at the Jarman Univarsity, by dhrillin' a hole wid a small
sword through the arum of wan Count Dondher an' Blixum, an' by bein' mortially
wounded in his undher garmint hisself, Maurice thravels back to the ould counthry.
Oh, but Dinnis Sullivan wor mighty plased to shake hands wid his darlin' boy agin!
an' he grown so tall, an' sthrong, an' manly like.
"'Maurice, avourneen!' sez his fadher, tindherly, 'seein' 'tis of age ye are, an' may be I'll
not be wid ye long, sure it 'u'd be plasin' me to see yeez marri'd at wanst to Norah

O'Brien,' sez he.
"'But how will I tell whether I'll like her or no?' sez Maurice, dub'ously.
"'By raison that she's a hairess and a grate beauty,' sez the ould jintleman.
"'Thim's good things in their way,' sez Maurice; 'but may be I'll be ruinashin'd, afther
all, wid the crooked timper.'
"'Make yerself parfaitly aisey on that score, Maurice ma bouchal,' sez his fadher.
'Honey isn't swater, nor butther safter.'
"'May be 'tis too saft she is,' sez Maurice.
"'Tare an' ounties!' sez the ould jintleman, in a grate passion. 'What 'u'd yees like to
have, I'd be plased to know? Isn't Murtoch O'Brien my ould fri'nd, an' wan I niver had
a quarrel wid in my life, batin' the bottle he throw'd at my head at ould Thrinity, an'
the bullet I lodged in his side on the banks of the Liffey one morn? Sure, afther that
affeckshinate raymonsthrance we wor betther fri'nds nor iver we wor before.'
"Well, by this an' by that, seein' the ould jintleman wor bint upon the match, Maurice
consints to ride over an' coort the young lady, purvided he might take wid him his
fostherer, wan Tim Delaney. Sure I know'd him well, for he wor own cousin to myself
by the mudher's side, an' he it wor as tould me this sthory.
"'Take him by all manes,' sez the ould jintleman. 'I've not the laste objeckshin. 'Tis a
dacent lad he is, an' a betther face or a n'ater figure, barrin' yer own, Maurice dear,
there's not to be found in all the county. He desarves to be put forrid in the wureld.
He's not althegither an' ignoraymus nayther,' sez he, 'for Fadher Doran thried to bate
the humanities into him for the matther of two saisons; an', though he butthers his
mattymatticks wid poetical conthribushins, an' peppers an' salts the larned langwidges
wid aljebrayickal calkilations, there's a dale of larnin' in that head of his, av he only
understhood the manage of it.'
"So, wid that, Misther Maurice sed he wor contint, an', sendin' his thrunk on afore him
by the faymale stage, he"——
"Stop! stop! Mulrooney! I was not aware of any distinction between one stage and
another. Will you do me the favor to enlighten me?"
"Arrah now," said Peter, boldly, "don't I know the differ? Sure, if the coaches as
carries the letthers is the male stages, it stands to raison thim as doesn't must be the
faymales."
"Humph! Admirably defined! Well, go on."
"An' thin—an' thin—och, wirrasthrue! but I've lost the sthory complately an' enthirely,
by makin' a dickshunary of myself."
"Let me jog your memory, then. Maurice sent his trunk on before"——

"That's it," said Peter, "by the faymale stage, an' set out on horseback wid hisself an'
Tim, bright an' early the nixt morn, for Carrigathroid. Well, they hadn't gone more nor
a few miles, afore little Micky Dunn, the stable boy, comes tearin' down the road to
say that the masther had been takin' suddintly wid a fit of the gout, an' that Misther
Maurice must go back an' attind the sale of Ned Ryan's place, as the ould jintleman
wanted it to square off the corner of the upper farm.
"'Oh, musha, thin, but what'll I do?' sez Maurice. ''Tis unlucky to turn back; an',
besides, my thrunk is gone on afore, wid all the b'utyful clothes in it I brought from
France an' Jarmany.'
"'Faix, but that's bad!' sez Tim; 'an' I misthrustin' Andy Shehan, the dhriver. May be
'tis betther I'd thravel on afther him?'
"''Deed an' 'deed, I think so,' sez Maurice. 'An' take this kay along wid ye, Tim,' sez
he, 'an' sarch if the things isn't spirited away, or smashed up enthirely. An', Tim,' sez
he, 'there's a letther of interjuckshin in the thrunk which I want yees to deliver at
wanst, for fear the ould squireen'll be onaisey, as he expected me the day. An', Tim,'
sez he, lowerin' his voice, 'I'll be plased if ye'll take it to Carrigathroid yerself, an' see
if Miss Norah is half so purty an' good as fadher sez she is.'
"'Why wouldn't she be,' sez Tim, 'if the masther sez so?'
"'Throth an' I dun 'no',' sez Maurice; 'but I'd like to larn that aforehand from yer own
lips, Tim, avick.'
"'Faix, that's aisey enough, I does be thinkin',' sez Tim. 'You folly afther as quick as ye
can, Misther Maurice; an', in the mane time,' sez he, 'I'll pay my respicts to the family.'
"So, wid that, they took lave of one another, an' Tim thravelled on to the town where
the young masther's thrunk wor left, a bit mile or so from O'Brien's, of Carrigathroid.
"'Where's the thrunk as wor left here by Andy Shehan?' sez he to the woman of the
stage-house.
"'Up stairs,' sez she, 'all safe an' sound.'
"'I'll see that,' sez he. An' up stairs he goes an' opens the thrunk, an' looks over the
clo'es, an' the dimont pins, and the goold watch, an' the chains an' rings galore; an',
sure enough, they wor all there nate an' nice, as Ally Bawn said when the six childher
fell into the saft of the bog. Oh, murther, but now comes the sthrangest part of the
sthory. When Tim seen the things forenent him, an' how b'utyful they wor, he begins
to wondher how he'd look in thim; an' thin he looks at his own coorse clothes, all
plasthered and besmudthered over wid the dirthy wather of the road.
"'How will I carry the masther's letther to the big house, an' I lookin' for all the wureld
like a dirthy bogthrotter?' sez he. 'Sure I'd be shamefaced to show myself in dacent
company. 'Tis a mighty fine thing to be a jintleman,' sez he, lookin' at the thrunk ag'in.

'Oh, but thim's the grand coats, an' pantalloons, an' goolden things,' sez he; 'sure, I
thinks the likes of 'em wor niver seed afore. May be,' sez he, coagitatin' the matther
—'may be Misther Maurice wouldn't be onaisey if I loaned thim of him for a bit
while, ispishilly as it's his sarvice that I'll be on. Sure, 'tis no harum to thry if they fits
me,' sez he. An', begorra, afore he know'd it, he wor dhressed in thim b'utyful
garmints, an' lookin' grander nor iver he did in his mortial life. Prisently, he flings
back the dure, an' discinds the stairs wid all the goold chains a danglin' about his neck,
an' wid a fine goold watch fasthened by a raal dimont pin to the breast of his flowery
silk weskit: 'For,' sez he, 'sure they wouldn't know I had sich purty things, if I didn't
show thim.'
"'Oh, but it does my heart good to see sich a han'some jintleman!' sez the misthress of
the house, makin' a low curchey. 'Didn't I know,' sez she, 'yer honnor wor the raal
quality the minnit I seen the shine of yer face at the dure. Indade, an' faix, it's the
thruth I'm sayin', plase goodness.'
"'Arrah, now, be done wid yer blarney,' sez Tim, flourishin' a white han'kercher as wor
sthronger wid sint nor a flower-garden. 'Don't conthaminate yer centhrifujals bu
spakin' so odoriferously,' sez he; 'but tell me, like the dacent woman ye are, where'll I
sarch for a barber?'
"'That's aisey,' sez she; 'for sure there's wan next dure to the corner.'
"So, wid that, out goes Tim, houldin' up his pantaloons wid both hands to keep thim
clane, an' prisently he steps in at the barber's shop as bould as a lord.
"'Barber!' sez he.
"'Sir,' sez a little thin-shanked man.
"'Shave me,' sez Tim, settin' hisself down in the big chair, while the little man wor
sthrappin' away at the razhier. 'Aisey, my good man,' sez Tim, 'an' cut the stubble
clane.'
"'Oh, I'll do that same,' sez the barber. 'Be du husht, av ye plase.' An', afore Tim could
say Larry Houlaghan, his beard wor off.
"'Barber,' sez Tim.
"'Sir,' sez the little man.
"'Frizzle my head,' sez Tim.
"An', widout any ghosther at all, the spry little man pokes a long iron thing into the
fire.
"'Oh, murther!' sez Tim. 'What's that?'
"'Thim's the curlin'-tongs,' sez the barber.

"'Oh,' sez the cunnin' Tim, turnin' up his nose, 'thim's the ould time fashion. May be ye
niver seen the frizzlin' insthrument they use in forrin parts?'
"'Sorra one have I seed, barrin' the masheen in my hand,' sez the barber.
"''Tworn't to be expected of yees, in this outlandish place,' sez Tim.
"'Hould still, if ye pl'ase,' sez the barber, takin' a grip of his hair.
"'Ouch!' sez Tim. 'L'ave me go, will yees? By japurs, but 'tis pullin' all my hair off ye
are!'
"''Tisn't likely I'd do that, wid my exparience,' sez the little man. 'Sure, many's the
quality I've dhressed the heads of in my day.' An', wid that, he saizes hould of another
lock of hair, an' gives it a grip and a twist.
"'Tundher an' turf!' sez Tim, startin' up in a mighty big passion. 'Would ye burn my
head aff afore my eyes? 'Tisn't a stuck pig I am that ye're singein' for bacon,' sez he.
"'Musha, thin, but that's thrue, anyhow,' sez the barber. An' on he wint, frizzlin' first
one side and thin the other, till, by an' by, Tim's head wor all over corkskrews, like a
haythen naygur's.
"'How will I look?' sez Tim, goin' to a glass. 'Augh! millia! murther! 'Tisn't my own
face that I see yondher?'
"''Deed but it is,' sez the barber.
"'Oh, wirrasthrue!' sez Tim, wringin' his hands. 'What'll I do? 'Tis ruinashin'd I am,
clane out an' inthirely! I'll be mistakin' myself for a sthranger!'
"'Yea, thin,' sez the little man, 'there's no denyin' but yees wondherfully improved in
apparence.'
"'Botherashin!' sez Tim; 'but how will I raycognize myself, I'd like to know?'
"Sure, but he had the throubled look whin he mounted his horse; but, by the time he
got to Carrigathroid, his spirits came back agin, an' he fasthens the baste to the
swingin' bough of a three, an' steps up to the dure an' knocks as bould as Joolyus
Saizer.
"'Hallo! House! Whoop!'
"'What's the matther, my good man?' sez a sarvant, answerin' the dure.
"'Matther?' sez Tim. 'Plinty's the matther. Here's a letther for Misther O'Brien, wid the
respicts of the owner.'
"'Yer name, sir, if ye pl'ase,' sez the man.
"'Tell him Misther Sullivan sint it,' sez Tim.
"'Oh!' sez the man, makin' a low bow. 'Obleege me by walkin' in; ye're expicted.'

"An', wid that, he marches on afore, Tim followin' afther, an' flings open the dure of a
grand room all blazin' wid light, an' sings out—
"'Misther Sullivan!'
"'Oh, murther!' sez Tim to hisself. ''Tis changed I am by that frizzlin' barbarian!'
"'Ah, my young fri'nd,' sez Misther O'Brien, takin' him by the hand, ''tis pl'ased I am to
see ye the day! Let me presint ye to my daughther. Norah, mavourneen, this is Misther
Maurice Sullivan.'
"'Och, the beauty of the wureld!' sez Tim, quite flusthrated. 'Call me Delaney, av ye
pl'ase.'
"'Ah, I undherstand,' sez the ould squireen, wid a smile. 'The Delaneys is yer
relashins.'
"Troth, an' indade they are,' sez Tim.
"'Thim's good blood, I does be thinkin',' sez the squireen.
"'Sorra betther to be found anywhere,' sez Tim.
"'I beg yer pardin, 'tis standin' ye are the while,' sez the ould jintleman. 'Will ye take a
sate on the ottimin?'
"'Sure, 'tisn't the grand Turkey ye mane?' sez Tim, gettin' frikened.
"'Oh no,' sez the ould jintleman; ''tis the fine flahool stool standin' forenenst ye.'
"'Ayeh!' sez Tim. 'The ould name's the betther.'
"May be so,' sez the squireen, puttin' on his specktickles, an' starin' at Tim as if he wor
a wild baste. An' sorry I am to tell ye that purty Miss Norah likewise hadn't no betther
manners, but set starin' too at the bouchal wid her great black eyes.
"'What's the matther?' sez Tim, as red as a b'iled lobsther. 'Isn't it all right?'
"'How will I know?' sez the squireen.
"'Och! och!' sez Tim, 'why did I make a "behay" of myself? Blessin's on yer darlin'
face!' sez he, turnin' to Miss Norah; 'an' may goodness purtect ye! an' the daisies grow
up under yer purty feet! an' may all the fairies in Ireland bring good luck to ye, an' a
dale of it! But oh, be pl'ased to take pity on a poor boy as is quite dumbfounder'd at
yer b'utyful countenance, and burnt into ashes by the blaze from yer eyes! An' now
don't be afther colloguing wid the ould man that a way, an' I kep' in the dark, like
Shaun Dooley, the blind fiddler.'
"'Indade, an' in throth, 'tis very mystharious,' sez Miss Norah, whisperin' to the fadher.
''Tisn't the first ha'porth of manners the crayther has. Sure I am I'll not like him, any
way.'

"'L'ave him to me,' sez the ould man. 'May be he's betther nor he seems. Get ye gone,
acushla, an' ordher Michael to bring up a pitcher of st'amin' hot potheen; that's the raal
stuff to bring out a man's charackther. Misther Sullivan,' sez he, as the daughther
disapp'ared—'Misther Sullivan'——
"'Delaney, av ye pl'ase,' sez Tim.
"'I beg yer pardin, Misther Delaney Sullivan. May I be so bould, an' m'anin' no
offince, as to be axin' ye what makes ye carry all thim goold chains, an' the han'some
goold watch, an' the dimont pin, in sich a sthrange way?'
"'Oh,' sez Tim, mightily relaved, an' pokin' the ould man for fun undher the fifth rib,
''tis there ye are! Sure, 'tis raisonable,' sez he, 'a young jintleman should folly the
fashi'ns.'
"'Oh,' sez the squireen, 'an' thim's the fashi'ns, is they?'
"'What 'u'd they be good for, if they worn't?' sez Tim.
"'Faix, nothin' at all, I b'lieve,' sez the squireen. 'Whin did ye l'ave home, Misther
Sullivan?' sez he.
"'Delaney, av ye pl'ase.'
"'Blur an' agars!' sez the ould man, 'don't I know that, Misther Delaney Sullivan?'
"'Well,' sez Tim to hisself, ''tis no matther. Any way, I'll be kilt an' transported, whin
Masther Maurice comes. Sure, if he will parsist in callin' me Sullivan, 'tisn't good
manners to conthradict him.'
"'An' how did ye l'ave the family?' sez the squireen.
"'Well an' hearty,' sez Tim; 'wid no sarious disordher, barrin' the loss of a suckin' pig
wid the maisles.'
"'A suckin' pig in the family!' sez the ould man. 'A suckin' pig, did ye say? Sure, thim's
not human.'
"'Och! what'll I be sayin' wid the grate blisther on my tongue? Sure, tworn't any pig at
all, at all. 'Twas the babby wid the shmallpox.'
"'The shmallpox!' shrieks the squireen. 'Oh, be aff wid ye! Don't come a near me! I'm
frikened to death a'ready!'
"'Millia murther!' sez Tim. 'I'll be beside myself prisintly. I don't mane the shmallpox,
nor the childher. Where 'u'd they come from, I'd like to know? But the docther—no, I
don't mane that—the masther—no, not the masther—the weeny. Arrah, botherashin to
me, I'd be obleeged to ye if ye'd tell me what I mane; for, 'deed an' 'deed, the beauty of
the young lady has put the comether on my sinses enthirely!'

"'Faix, I b'lieve so,' sez the squireen. 'But here comes the potheen,' sez he; 'an' 'tis the
sovre'nst thing in the wureld for a crooked tongue.'
"'Mostha, but it's the raal stuff, too!' sez Tim, takin' a long pull at the noggin, an'
smackin' his lips.
"'An' so ye left the ould folk quite well?' sez the squireen.
"'Brave an' hearty,' sez Tim. 'The ould man wor br'akin' stones to mend the pike wid,
an' the ould mother wor knittin' new heels to an ould pair of Connemara stockin's.'
"'I'm t'undhersthruck!' sez Misther O'Brien. To think that the blood of the Sullivans
should demane thimselves by br'akin' stones for a road an' patchin' stockin's!'
"'Thim's figgers of spache,' sez Tim. 'Sure, I mane shuperintindin' of thim.'
"'Throth, it's hard to tell what ye mane, Misther Delaney Sullivan,' sez the squireen. 'A
young jintleman as is college-bred shouldn't condiscend to quare figgers the likes o'
thim. An' now I'll be pl'ased to have a taste of yer larnin'.'
"'Sure, it 'u'd nayther be dacent, nor proper, nor expadient, in one of my birth an'
breedin', to show off my parts upon a jintleman of your wondherful sagashity. The
natheral modesty that is the predominatin' trait in my charackther won't let me. Thim
as is my aquils has acknowledged my shupariority; an' the masther hisself couldn't
folly me in the langwidges, an' the humanities, an' in single an' double fluckshins, to
say nothing of my extinsive ackwiremints in algebrayickal mattymattocks, an' the
other parts of profane histhory of a similar cognashus charackther.'
"'Spake plainer,' sez the squireen, 'for ye does be puzzlin' me wid the hard words as
seems to have no sinse in 'em.'
"'I'd be bothered to find it if they did,' sez Tim, slyly, to hisself. But he sez to the
squireen, sez he, 'How will I diffinitively expurgate the profound m'anin' of the
anshint frelosophers widout smudherin' ye wid the classicalities? Isn't it the big words
as makes the l'arnin'? Axin' yer pardin, Misther O'Brien, but 'tis well beknownst to a
jintleman of your exthraordinary mintal an' quizzical fackilties that the consthruction
of the words consthitutes the differ of langwidges, of which pothooks an' hangers is
the ilimints.'
"'Bedad, but there's some thruth in that,' sez the squireen, 'barrin' the manner of
expressin' it.'
"'Arrah, thin,' sez Tim, 'I'm pl'ased to hear ye say so; an', if it's agreeable to yees, we'll
dhrop the discourse for the prisint. To tell ye the blessed thruth, Misther O'Brien, 'tis
dead bate wid the long thravel I am, an', wid your permission, I'll be bould to throuble
yer sarvint to fling me a clane lock o' sthraw in one corner of yer honor's kitchen for
the night.'

"Oh, but may be the ould squireen didn't stare at Tim wid all his eyes in raal arnest,
thin—
"'Sthraw!' sez he. 'Do ye take this for a boccoch's shealin'? Well, I must say, Misther
Delaney Sullivan,' sez he, 'that, for a jintleman's son, born an' brid, 'tis monsthrous
quare ways ye have.' An', wid that, he rings for the futman, an' tells him to show Tim
to bed. 'I'll be wantin', Misther Sullivan, to spake the sarious word wid ye the morrow
morn,' sez the ould man, dhrawin' hisself up grand like; 'for, on my conscience, there's
many things about ye as does be puzzlin' me exthramely.'
"''Tis no matther,' sez Tim to hisself, follyin' afther the sarvint. 'Sure, I'm in for it now,
anyhow. Ayeh! is thim the stairs? Musha, thin, but 'tis wide enough they are for a
drove of fat cattle. Hould on a bit, will ye, or I'll be fallin' over the ballisthers. I
wonder where thim crass passiges lades too beyant? Sure, I'd give all I'll be like to
have in the wureld to quit the place. Och, Tim Delaney, 'tis a bad ind ye're comin' to
wid settin' yerself up for a jintleman; an', begorra, if the young masther murdhers ye
enthirely, it sarves ye right, any way, an' that's no lie.'
"'Will ye be pl'ased to inter?' sez the sarvint, throwin' open the dure of a big room,
where the windys wor all ornaminted wid b'utyful curt'ins, an' likewise the grate bed
wid goold angels at the corners of the posts, lettin' alone the fringes an' the tassels, an'
many other b'utyful things too tadious to mintion.
"'Och,' sez Tim, 'is that my bid? How will I git in widout tumblin' myself on the flure?
Thim steps, did ye mane? Arrah, now, have done wid yer nonsince! Sure, I niver heard
of goin' to bid wid a step-laddher afore.'
"'Thim's the fashi'n,' sez the futman.
"'To the divil wid the fashi'n!' sez Tim. 'What are ye laughin' at, ye ugly spalpeen?
L'ave the light, an' go. Oh, murther!' sez Tim, whin he was all alone by hisself. 'If I
wor out of this scrape, a thousand goold guineas wouldn't timpt me to do the likes
agin.'
"An', wid that, he sarches the windys, manein' to make his escape, but they wor too
high; an' thin he opens the dure saftly an' looks into the passiges, but they twisted all
about, so he didn't dare to thry thim for fear they would be afther takin' him for a
robber; so, wid many muttherin's an' moanin's, he lays hisself down on the bid wid all
his clothes on, an', by an' by, falls into a throubled sleep.
"Well, all this time, ye may be sure young Masther Maurice wor not lettin' the grass
grow undher his feet. So, whin he had bought the land, he takes a fresh baste an'
hurries afther Tim. By hard ridin' he got to the town late that same night; an', whin he
l'arned that Tim wor gone up to Carrigathroid all cock-a-hoop in his own fine clo'es
an' jooels, he flies into a tearin' passion, and makes bould to ride over at wanst. As it
happened, the squireen an' Miss Norah wor still up, for the raal genteels do kape
mighty late hours; and so it worn't long afore he makes hisself beknownst to the ould

jintleman an' his daughther, an' up an' tells 'em his sthory. Oh, but thin they all laughed
more nor iver they did in their born days afore; more by token that the squireen wor
glad to have a disilushin of the mysthery, an' Miss Norah bein' aiquilly pl'ased to find
the thrue Masther Maurice wid the best quality manners, an', at the same time, so
mortial han'some.
"'An' now,' sez Maurice, 'what'll I do wid that rogue of a Tim?'
"'L'ave him to me,' sez the squireen, wid a knowin' wink. 'Myself bein' a justus-o'-
p'ace, a good frikenin' 'll be of sarvice to the saucy Omadhaun. But we'll say no more
till the morn,' sez he; 'an', in the mane time, we'll thry an' find ye a supper an' a bed.'
"Well, to be sure, bright an' airly, while Tim wor tossin' an' tumblin' about in his fine
flahool bid, an' dhramin' of witches, an' spooks, an' leprawhauns, an' even of the ould
bouchal hisself, there's comes a t'undherin' whack at his dure; an', prisintly, in walks
four sthrappin' fellows right to his bedside.
"'What's wantin'?' sez Tim, settin' boult up, wid his curly hair all untwistin' itself an'
standin' on end like a porkepine's. 'Is it lookin' for me ye are?'
"'Troth, but ye're a quick hand at guessin',' sez the biggest man. 'Where's yer masther,
ye thafe of the wureld? Tell me that.'
"'Oh, murther!' sez Tim. 'It's all out!'
"'Sure, he confisses it a'ready,' sez another. 'Bring him along, Tony.'
"'Confisses what?' sez Tim, wid his face as white as the bed-hangin's. 'Confisses what?
Spake out, will ye?'
"'The murther!' sez Tony. 'Isn't thim his clo'es ye're wearin' now?'
"'Murther? Och! ochone! ochone!' sez Tim, wringin' his hands. 'That I iver lived to see
this day! An' is the young masther dead? Why, thin, upon my oath an' my conscience,
I niver had a hand in it! Sure, 'tis well the darlin' knowed I'd lay down my life for him.
Oh, jintlemen, take pity on a poor innocent boy that's in the black throuble, an' all
bekase he put on the young masther's things for a bit of spoort!'
"'An' a purty spoort ye'll find it,' sez the futman, for be sure he wor one of thim. 'But
here comes Misther O'Brien.'
"'Stand aside, all of yees, an' let me look at the thraitor!' sez the squireen, burstin' into
the room. 'Oh, 'tis there ye are, ye villin, wid yer mattymattox an' yer single an' double
fluxshins. Saize him, men, wid a sthrong grip, an' bring him to the hall. 'Tis well
myself's a magisther, an' can set upon the case at wanst.'
"'Oh, Misther O'Brien,' sez Tim, dhroppin' on his knees, ''tis innocent I am the day! I'll
tell ye about it. You see, the young masther an' I'——
"'Isn't thim his clo'es?" sez the squireen.

"'Ayeh, but that's thrue. Let me tell ye, an' hear r'ason. The young masther an' I'——
"'Kape yer sthories to yerself,' sez the squireen, puttin' on a black frown. 'Why would I
listen to yer diabolickle invintions whin thim things is witness agin ye? Hould him
fast, boys, an' off wid him. May be I won't live to hang him, afther all.'
"'Help! help! murther!' sez Tim, sthrugglin' wid all the power that wor in him. 'I didn't
do it! It's clane hands I have! I won't be murthered! L'ave me go, I say! What 'u'd ye
hang a poor innocent for? Murther! murther!'
"All at wanst, as he wor skreekin' and kickin', who should walk in from behind the
dure but Misther Maurice an' Miss Norah.
"'Whoop! whoroo!' sez Tim. 'There's the young masther now! Hands off wid ye! Don't
ye see him wid Miss Norah?'
"'Hould on a minnit, men,' sez the squireen. 'May be 'tis a mistake, afther all. Is that
young jintleman Misther Sullivan?'
"'Oh, to be sure it is,' sez Tim. 'Who else 'u'd it be, I'd like to know? Misther Maurice!
Maurice, achorra, spake to thim, av ye pl'ase, an' tell thim it's yerself that I see.'
"'Why will I do that?' sez the young jintleman, laughin'. 'Sure, 'twould be wastin' my
breath, an' they knowin' it a'ready.'
"'Oh, murther! see that now!' sez Tim. 'An' they a frikenin' me out of my siven sinses
all the while. Ayeh! Maurice a vick, but I forgive ye the bad thrick yees played me the
day.'
"'Musha, thin, an' thank ye for nothin',' sez Maurice; 'for I does be thinkin' that 'tis
yerself, Tim, as is to blame, seein' the fine clo'es on yer back.'
"'Yea, thin,' sez the squireen, burstin' into a great laugh, ''twore hisself, sure enough, as
played the bould thrick, an' bothered me all out wid his single an' his double fluxshins;
but, bedad, if the thrick wor in his hands last night, sure he'll confiss I trumped it
dacently this mornin'.'"

AMOR, VIVAX, FRAGILIS.

BY H. H., M. D.

Oh, love! What is love? 'Tis a tender vine,
Amid shadow and sunshine growing;
In the soft summer hours will its tendrils twine,
To cling when the wild winds are blowing.
Though through calm sunny days it will put forth its bloom,
It is greenest when tears are flowing;
And it climbeth—how mournfully!—oft o'er the tomb,
Gray shadows around it throwing.

The germs its fresh blossoms fling forth to the air
Are wafted, on white wings, to heaven;
Here though it may wither, yet, evergreen there,
A crown unto angels 'tis given!
Then tend it most gently. Though care bids it grow,
And it ever roots deepest in sorrow,
Yet the love that to-day smiles o'er dreariest woe,
Neglected, may wither to-morrow.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF SHOPPING.
BY MRS. ALARIC WATTS.
The truly lively and excellent Miss Mitford has, in her story of "The Black Velvet
Bag," dilated very agreeably on the pleasures of the feminine occupation of Shopping!
She has made its charms obvious to the meanest capacity; nay, more candid still, she
has afforded us, now and then, a glimpse of its many pleasant delusions. She is,
throughout, the busy, intelligent actor in this everyday drama of domestic life. She has
admitted us fully and fairly to her confidence, from the preliminary "Inventory of
Wants," with its accompaniment of a full purse, to the finale of a full budget and an
empty exchequer!
Let not the above admission (honestly made), however, induce any one to suppose
that the subject must necessarily be exhausted. On the contrary, she has not even
alluded, in the remotest degree, to that which I hold to be its chief delight—its
crowning glory; namely, the harvest of enjoyment which its many phases present to
the inactive, though not uninterested, spectator of its whereabout.
"I do wish that you would lay aside your work, and accompany me in a round of
shopping," was the opening address of an early morning visitor. "I really have so
many commissions to execute that it would be an act of charity to afford me the
benefit of your good taste and excellent judgment!"
Who could resist a request so flatteringly preferred? The work was laid aside, and the
request complied with on the instant; and within a quarter of an hour we were set
down at the first stage of our pleasant expedition.
The magazin that was honored by our selection on the present occasion held a middle
rank between the aristocratic pretensions of Howell and James's, and the honest
bourgeois reputation of Tottenham House! My friend was of that class of elegant
economists who go to the fountain-head for the sample, and to the principal stream for
the supply. The initiated will be at no loss to decide that Swan and Edgar's was our
mart.
As I was not a principal on the present occasion, the pas was, of course, assumed by
my companion. On the moment of our entrance, offers of services were obsequiously
proffered, and, to my great surprise, were as courteously evaded. My friend was a
tactician, and, fully alive to her own infirmity, was not so rash as to venture on an
unproved agent. Former experience had revealed to her on whose head the organ of
patience was most largely developed, and as its possessor happened to be engaged, my

friend, like a wise general, was content to forego a present convenience, in order to
secure a future advantage. She, therefore, intimated that she preferred being waited on
by Miss A., and added, she was quite content to await her leisure on the present
occasion.
The martyr-like expression of Miss A.'s countenance gave place to one of great
complacency, the result, perhaps, of the 'compliment implied by her selection, since it
must have been gratifying to feel that merit is sometimes appreciated; and no one can
deny that, among the virtues, Patience has always ranked as a cardinal!
A few minutes sufficed to surround us with silks and satins, ribbons and velvets; a few
more were consumed in the discussion of "the unusual prevalence" of "flat colors" and
"neutral tints," together with conjectures as to the duration of this sombre mode,
which soon gave place to the important business before us. My friend became serious
and oracular; murmured of "harmony and contrast;" and, in the words of our divine
Milton—

"With dispatchful looks in haste
She turns on (most becoming) thoughts intent,
What choice to choose, for delicacy best,
What order to contrive, as not to mix
Hues not well joined, inelegant; but bring
Shade after shade upheld by kindliest change."

She was fairly in her vocation, and I, well assured that an hour or two would elapse
before my "good taste" would be in requisition, proceeded to solace my leisure by
watching the sayings and doings of my neighbors of the opposite counter.
"Do you happen to have anything new for dresses?" was the first inquiry of a pair of
languid-looking young ladies, evidently afflicted with a certain quantity of money and
of time to be disposed of. "We want something very odd and very new." The shopman
inquired of "price and texture." At this leading question the ladies looked aghast. "Oh!
they did not know; only they wanted something very odd and very pretty—something
that had never been seen by anybody else." And with this luminous description, the
young man departed; and, after an interval of short duration, returned, followed by
two subordinates bending beneath the weight of silk, wool, and cotton, and of patterns
the most diverse and strange. Nondescripts of a genus botanical, flowers without
stalks, and stalks without flowers. Others of the style geometrical—angles, acute and
obtuse; circles, and segments of every size. A few presented strata of every sombre
hue, forcibly reminding the spectator of geology and Dr. Lyell! The young ladies were
more than satisfied: where all was so exquisitely "odd," the difficulty of choice was
proportionably increased. They selected and rejected, and finally, embarrassed by the

riches before them, ordered a dozen to be sent home for further consideration, and the
final decision of mamma!
Our fair young friends were scarcely seated in their carriage, when their places were
taken by a middle-aged lady of a very different stamp, who, emerging from one of the
suburban omnibuses, bustled into the shop "and begged to be attended to immediately,
as her time was precious." No one could look upon her and doubt it. That imposing
character—a thoroughly good manager—was revealed in every word and gesture.
There was decision in her voice, her step, her eye; no need had she of written
memoranda to help a slippery memory. Her orders were issued with distinctness,
clearness, and precision. "She desired to see some lady's four-thread fine white cotton
stockings, without figure and without clocks; some lady's dark French kid habit
gloves, sewed with silk of the same color, with studs at the wrist; some Irish linen
(described with equal minuteness); graduated tapes, and assorted pins." Here was
discrimination; no causeless second journey did thoughtlessness on her part impose on
any one. The pieces of linen were opened, wetted, rubbed, and finally a thread was
loosened, to test the strength of the fabric. The gloves were singly stretched across the
hand, and finally the stockings were separated and turned inside out, that their quality
might be ascertained beyond a doubt. I fancied the shopman winced a little at the
latter experiment; but who could gainsay that quiet decision of manner which so
plainly announced "I pay for what I have, and choose to have the best for my money"?
A pencil was quietly drawn forth—a name written by the lady on each separate article.
The bill was carefully examined—found correct—paid, and with a final chink of the
purse, and strict orders as to time in the delivery of the parcel, the lady departed; and I
could not help thinking we all breathed with more freedom when relieved of the
presence of this very superior woman.
An interesting family group were the next to present themselves in the persons of a
beautiful widow lady, perhaps of some five-and-thirty years of age; a sister, some ten
years younger; a blooming miss in her teens, and a delicate-looking little boy of some
five years old.
Of this party the younger ladies assumed the executive, and requested to see some
dresses for second mourning. The counter forthwith groaned under the weight of silks
and stuffs,
"Black, blue, and gray, with all their trumpery;"
and really the variety was so great that the office of selection seemed far from an easy
one. The younger ladies were in high spirits, and proceeded to canvass the peculiar
merit of each article with great energy. There certainly is something very attractive in
unsunned fabrics, even though they appertain not to ourselves. I felt quite interested in
the debate, and when the discussion became warm, on the comparative merits of
French gray or French lavender, I could hardly forbear from offering a casting vote on
the subject.

Meantime the person most interested in the decision sat by silent and abstracted, her
eyes fixed on the face of the boy—her thoughts probably in the tomb of her husband.
At length it became necessary to make a selection. The lady was appealed to. She
seemed as though awaking from a dream, and, glancing at the shining heaps before
her, said, "Too gay, much too gay." Her sister, in a low voice, appeared to expostulate
with her, for the words "two whole years" were distinctly audible. The animated look
of the little girl became subdued as she gazed on her mother's face. She pushed aside
the brighter colors and drew some black silk over them, and was silent. Not so,
however, her aunt! She had evidently resolved that the children at least should mourn
no longer; with a tone of authority she desired the lavender silk to be cut off, and with
a look of mingled pity and contempt heard her sister order another "Paramatta." Too
indignant to interfere further, she contented herself with adding "and crape, I
suppose." The lady did not reply—the shopman, probably inferring her wishes from
her silence, produced the anathematized material, a liberal quantity was cut off, and
the party slowly retired.
A merry-eyed, dandyfied-looking young sailor, with a complexion much bronzed
beneath a fervid sun, was the next member of the dramatis personæ. He desired to see
some silk pocket-handkerchiefs; India silk—no other would do. A variety was placed
before him, together with some of British manufacture, greatly superior to the
veritable Bandanas! It might be so—they were more beautiful, certainly; but India
handkerchiefs he must have—ay, and with the true peculiar spicy smell; that odor only
to be acquired by a four months' voyage in company with cinnamon and sandal-wood.
After a little delay, even this desideratum was achieved. A dozen were cut off, each
folded in a separate paper, and each and every one directed by his own hand! During
this ceremony, a very contagious smile irradiated his features, which, gathering
strength with every name he wrote, finally exploded into an uncontrollable fit of
laughter. Grave people turned round to stare and frown; and the youth, rather abashed
by the sound of his own laugh, murmured something in an apologetic tone, and,
hastily paying for his purchase, quitted the shop. There was something odd in all this.
At length the truth flashed on my mind. The youth had just returned from India, and
was gifted with a goodly train of unreasonable cousins, all of whom "had expected
some trifle from the Land of the East." Poor fellow!—as though a hundred a year were
a greater fortune in Hindoostan than in England, or self-denial a whit easier of practice
on the banks of the Ganges than the banks of the Thames. At length, his means
admitting of a partial satisfaction of his expectants, he had taken the only means in his
power to amend his short-comings. Poor fellow!—may his pious fraud meet with a
rich harvest of gratitude; and, above all, may he have wit enough to keep his own
counsel!
For a few minutes the little stage that had afforded me so much interest was vacant. It
was, however, shortly filled by a group well calculated to afford
"A bright atonement for the brief delay."

It consisted of a lady of some five-and-forty years, with face and figure well
preserved; and which, though lacking the delicacy of youth, was redeemed by an
expression scarcely less attractive. She took her seat with a quiet dignity of manner—
the result, I fancied, rather of a well-balanced mind than of conventional attainment.
She was accompanied by a pretty sentimental girl of about eighteen, a brisk little
maiden of twelve, buoyant with delight at having escaped the school-room at an
unwonted hour, and a staid-looking Young Person, probably a dependent cousin.
The party seated themselves with some regard to personal comfort, as though their
business was likely to be of some duration. Their commands were, the indispensables
of a lady's outfit. During this period, the young lady looked on with a kind of lofty
indifference, and, when appealed to, gravely declined interference, leaving the matter
to be arranged by the lady mother and the useful cousin. These affairs satisfactorily
adjusted, the externals were next in demand. The smile of the child betrayed the secret
—they were purchasing the trousseau of a bride. In vain was the sentimentalist
appealed to in the articles of handkerchiefs and gloves—she was cold, polite, but
indifferent. This I thought strange, till I remembered she was a fiancée, almost as good
as a married lady already, and had therefore some dignity to sustain. At length the
brilliant externals were spread before her. What young lady of eighteen could maintain
the appearance of indifference? It was not in nature—not in female nature. The statue
descended from its pedestal; entered quietly and gracefully into the details before it;
made selections with the taste of an artist and knowledge of a woman of fashion (two
qualities rarely combined); bought various trifles adapted for presents, and would
have chosen as many more had not mamma held up a banker's check! The warning
was understood—one and ninepence was received in change of a bill of one hundred
pounds—and still they lingered. The bride elect had a purchase of her own to make. A
shawl—a good, but not a fine one—was selected and paid for by herself, and
presented, with a kind pressure of the hand (which would elsewhere have been a kiss),
to the useful cousin. The carriage drew up, and the party retired in search of the
millinery elsewhere!
Scarcely was the seat of honor vacated by the bridal party, when it was filled by
another matron and her fair daughter; but no comfortable carriage set her down—no
obsequious footman ushered her into Messrs. Swan and Edgar's emporium. The lady
before me—for she was a lady, despite her russet gown and plain straw bonnet—had
originally been as richly gifted by nature as her predecessor; but care, not time, had
evidently wrought its ravages on her countenance. She looked faded and worn, took
her seat with an air of embarrassment, and with a slight nervousness of manner asked
to speak with "one of the principals of the establishment." During the brief interval
previous to his arrival, her countenance underwent many changes, as though she were
nerving herself for some painful effort. The arrival of the official, however, at once
restored her self-possession. With a calm, sweet voice, she stated her business. She
said she was the wife of a naval officer of limited means about to emigrate, and

wished to make rather an extensive purchase, but that, as under such circumstances
quantity rather than fashion was the object of her attainment, she desired to know if
she could be thus supplied on terms of advantage? The reply was in the affirmative,
and, with a delicacy of feeling that did honor to the speaker, he himself superintended
her commission. He felt instinctively that he was addressing a gentlewoman in the
best sense of the term; as much material was paid for by a fifty pound note as would
have clad a dozen people. The fearful plunge once over, the manner of the lady
became more assured, her daughter looked fairer than ever, and I felt, despite the
frowns of fortune, she was an enviable woman.
How much, how very much, said I to myself, are the unavoidable evils of life felt,
when (as in the present instance) they fall to the lot of one gifted with the step-dame
dower of acute sensibility. To such the privations of poverty are far less galling than
the ever-present dread of the "proud man's contumely." To minds thus constituted,
misfortune feels like crime, and nothing short of the wisdom that is from above can
enable its possessor to bear the burthen unrepiningly. I looked upon the lady before
me, and felt, despite the lowly attire and faded form, that of the many whose riddle I
had read, she was to me the heroine of the day.
The present was forgotten; my mind had travelled to scenes beyond the Atlantic.
Already had I

"Built them a bower,
Where stern pride hath no power,
And the fear of to-morrow their bliss could not mar."

Should the brave lieutenant, the beau cousin of that sweet girl, accompany them? Or
should the handsome curate follow after? I had not decided the matter, when I was
cruelly aroused from my delightful reverie, to decide, where no difference was,
between two rival satins of the purest white, and after exercising much ingenuity in
discovering the favorite of my friend, I boldly declared for the opposite candidate,
maintained my opinion with very becoming pertinacity, and at length gradually and
graciously suffered myself to be convinced; and again in the words of Milton I
admitted her choice to be
"Wisest, virtuousest, discreetest, best."
The principal business of the day being thus happily accomplished, we resolved to
leave the rest till to-morrow, and returned home mutually charmed with each other.
My friend had labored diligently in her vocation, to engraft her own good taste on half
a dozen dowdy cousins, whilst I retired to fill another page in the note-book of a day-
dreamer.

GODEY'S COURSE OF LESSONS IN
DRAWING.
Drawing has been generally looked upon as an accomplishment, not considered as an
essential—as ornamental rather than indispensable in the education of the rising
generation. The pleasures and advantages of its pursuit have been almost solely
enjoyed by the rich; while they have been, to a certain extent, as a sealed book to the
great majority of those now designated emphatically the people. So far from looking
upon a knowledge of the art of drawing as necessary merely to the artist or designer,
we hold that it should form an essential part of general education; that its proper place
is in the daily school; that its principles and practice should be inculcated in the daily
lessons; in short, that equally with reading or writing, drawing should be deemed one
of the branches of everyday tuition. We are now fully alive to the importance of
cultivating what are designated "habits of taste," and the appreciation of the beautiful
in art; and this chiefly—if for nothing else—from the practical value derivable
therefrom in the improvement of our arts and manufactures. By a thorough
understanding of the details of drawing, an accuracy of perception and a facility for
marking and retaining forms and arrangements are readily available. It is, then, of
importance to place within the reach of all a means by which the art in its varied
branches may be easily communicated. The design of the present article is to
contribute to this desideratum. We shall make our remarks as plain as possible, and as
concise as the nature of the subject will admit of; and shall give unsparingly well-
digested illustrations, believing that in this subject, at least, much is to be imparted to
the pupil through the medium of the eye. It is to be hoped that this union of the pen
with the pencil will be of great utility in quickly imparting a knowledge of the
subjects under discussion. Before proceeding to our more immediate purpose, we
shall offer a few remarks elucidatory of the plan or bearing of the system, by which
we mean to be guided in presenting the requisite knowledge to the student.
On the supposition that the pupil at the outset is utterly ignorant of the art, we
commence our instructions by elucidating FIRST PRINCIPLES. As all drawings are
reducible to certain lines and figures, we hold it necessary to enable the student to
draw these elementary parts with the utmost facility; leading him, by a series of
examples, from the drawing of a simple line up to the most complicated sketch or
object which may be offered to him; and then, by an advance to the more intricate
rules, making plain the laws of vision (the foundation of perspective), so as to
delineate correctly the various views in which they may be presented to his notice; the
aim of the introductory lessons being to enable the student thoroughly to understand

the reason why every operation is performed as directed, not merely to give him a
facility for copying any determined object without reference to principles.
The student may, by dint of practice, acquire a facility for this merely mechanical
style of imitation or copying; but, unless he is well grounded in fundamental
principles, his operations will be vague and uncertain. It may be considered true that
the better we are acquainted with the first principles of an art, its basis or foundation,
so much more intimately conversant shall we be with all the intricacies of its
diversified practice, and the less easily damped by its real or apparent difficulties.
Students too frequently expend much time almost entirely in vain, from want of
attention to this truth, trite and commonplace as it may be deemed. In acquiring the
practice of this art, they are too eager to pass from the simple rules, the importance of
which they think lightly of. A sure and well-laid foundation will not only give
increased security to the building, but will enable the workmen to proceed with
confidence to the proper carrying out of the design in its entirety; on the contrary, an
ill-laid foundation only engenders distrust, and may cause total failure. We are the
more inclined to offer these remarks, being aware that students at the commencement
of a course of tuition are apt, in their eagerness to be able to "copy" a drawing with
facility, to overlook the importance of the practice which alone enables them
satisfactorily to do so. It is the wisest course of procedure to master the details of an
art before proceeding to an acquaintance with its complicated examples.
We would, then, advise students to pay particular attention to the instructions in their
ENTIRETY which we place before them; if they be truly anxious to acquire a speedy
yet accurate knowledge of the art, they will assuredly find their account in doing so.
Instead of vaguely wandering from example to example, as would be the case by
following the converse of our plan, yet copying they know not how or why, they will
be taught to draw all their combinations from simple rules and examples, we hope as
simply stated; and thus will proceed, slowly it may be, but all the more surely, from
easy to complicated figures, drawing the one as readily as the other, and this because
they will see all their details, difficult to the uninitiated, but to them a combination of
simple lines as "familiar as household words."

LESSON I.

OUTLINE SKETCHING.
Before the apparent forms of objects can be delineated, it is absolutely necessary that
the hand shall be able to follow the dictation of the eye; that is, the pupil must, by
certain practice, be capable of forming the lines which constitute the outlines and
other parts of the objects to be drawn; just as, before being able to write or copy
written language, the hand must be taught to follow with ease and accuracy the forms

which constitute the letters; so in drawing, the hand must be tutored to draw at once
and unswervingly the form presented to the eye. Thus the handling of the pencil, the
practice to enable the hand to draw without hesitation or uncertainty, and the accurate
rapidity essential in an expert draughtsman, may be considered as part of the alphabet
of the art of free pencil sketching. Nothing looks worse in a sketch than the evidences
of an uncertainty in putting in the lines; just as if the hand was not to be trusted, or at
least depended upon, in the formation of the parts dictated by the eye. The eye may
take an accurate perception of the object to be drawn, yet its formation may be
characterized by an indecision and shakiness (to use a common but apt enough
expression), which, to the initiated, is painfully apparent. In beginning, then, to
acquire a ready facility in free sketching, in which the hand and eye are the sole
guides, the pupil should consider it well-spent time to acquire by long practice an ease
and freedom in handling the pencil, chalk, or crayon with which he makes his essay.

Fig. 1.
The first lessons may be performed with a piece of pointed chalk on a large
blackboard; some of our celebrated artists have not in their early days disdained the
use of more primitive implements, as a piece of burnt stick and a whitewashed wall or
barn door. The larger the surface on which the lessons are drawn, the better,
consistent, of course, with convenience. If a blackboard cannot be obtained, a large
slate should be used. Until the pupil has acquired a facility for copying simple forms,
he should not use paper and pencil; as, in the event of drawing in a line wrong, it is
much better at once to begin a new attempt, than try to improve the first by rubbing
out the faulty parts and piecing the lines up. As the pupil must necessarily expect to
make many blunders at first starting, it will save paper if he will use a board or slate,

from which the erroneous lines can be at once taken out, a damp sponge being used
for this purpose. By this plan any number of lines may be drawn.

Fig. 2.
Having provided themselves with the necessary materials, pupils may begin by
drawing simple lines. These must be drawn without the assistance of a scale or ruler,
by the hand alone. The line a, Fig. 1, will be parallel to the side of the board or slate,
and perpendicular to the ends. Pupils should endeavor to make the line as regular as
possible, and to run in one direction—-that is, inclined neither to the right nor left.
They should next draw horizontal lines, as b, beginning at the left and going towards
the right hand. In drawing lines as a, pupils should begin at the top and go towards the
bottom; in a more advanced stage they should try to draw them from either end. The
oblique lines, d, e, and f, should next be drawn. In all these exercises the lines should
be drawn boldly, in a length at a time, not piece by piece; the hand should not rest on
the board or slate while drawing, but should be free, so that the line may be drawn in
at one sweep, as it were, of the arm or wrist. Irregular or "waved" lines should next be
drawn, as at c; this style of line is useful in drawing broken lines, as in old ruins, trees,
gates, stones, &c. &c. Pupils must not content themselves with drawing a few
examples of the lines we have given. They must practise for a long time, until they
can at once with ease draw lines in any direction correctly; they ought to progress
from simple to difficult, not hastily overlook the importance of mastering simple
elementary lessons. With a view to assist them in arranging these, and to afford not
only examples for practice, but also to prove by a gradation of attempts the connection
—too apt to be overlooked by many—between simple lines and complex figures,
simple parallel lines, as a, b, c, Fig. 2, should be drawn; but not only must pupils
endeavor to keep each line straight from beginning to end, free from waviness and
indecision, and also parallel to one another, but another object must be kept in view;
that is, the distance between the lines; hitherto they have drawn lines with no
reference to this, but merely to their position and direction. No mechanical aids must

be allowed to measure the distances, this must be ascertained by the eye alone; and a
readiness in this will be attained only by practice. The eye is like the memory; it must
be kept in constant training before it will do its work. By inspecting the diagram, it
will be perceived that the lines marked c c are farther apart than those above. All
gradations of distances should be carefully delineated; and if, after the lines are drawn,
the eye should detect, or fancy it detects, any error in this respect, let the lines be at
once rubbed out, and a new trial made; and let this be done again and again until the
lines appear to be correctly drawn, both as regards boldness and correctness and
distance apart. After drawing the horizontal lines, the student may then proceed to
perpendicular lines. It may here be noted, to save future explanation, that when we use
the term perpendicular, we mean it to be that applied to a line or lines which run
parallel to the side of the board or slate; and horizontal, those parallel to the ends.
Strictly speaking, both lines thus drawn are perpendicular to others which may be
drawn parallel to their opposite sides. We, however, suppose the surface on which the
pupil is drawing to be in the same position as this book while held open for reading;
the sides to represent the sides, and the ends, the ends of the drawing-board or slate.
Lines are horizontal when parallel with the lines of type, and perpendicular when
parallel with the sides of the page; it is in this sense, then, that we shall use the terms
horizontal and perpendicular. Perpendicular lines, as in Fig. 3, may next be drawn,
close to one another at the sides, at a and c, and farther separate at b; they may also be
drawn horizontally in the same way; this practice will be useful in more advanced
stages. As the pupil will observe, the lines thus drawn give the appearance of
roundness; it is, in fact, the way by which engravers obtain this effect: the pupil will
find it useful in fine pencil drawing.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.
The drawing of diagonal or oblique lines may next be practised, as in Fig. 4. In all
these examples, the board or slate should never be moved or reversed; the end forming
the topmost one should always remain so. We are aware that some parties have greater
facilities for drawing lines in one direction than in another; thus, the majority of
beginners would draw lines sloping from right to left with much more ease than in the
reverse position. We have seen cases where, in lessons like the foregoing, the lines
sloping from right to left were drawn first, the board reversed, and lines to represent
those sloping the reverse way drawn in the same direction exactly; the board was then
turned to its original position, when the sets of lines appeared sloping different ways,
while, in reality, they were done both in the same manner. This practice is not honest
either to the teacher or pupil, and should at once be discarded.

Fig. 5.
The examples now given have had reference only to one peculiar position of the lines
to be drawn; that is, they have all been horizontal, or all perpendicular or oblique;

placed in the same relative position to one another. We now give an example where
the lines go in different directions with respect to one another. Thus in drawing the
lines b a, a f, d c, and c e, Fig. 5, care must be taken to have the lines perpendicular to
one another; that is, supposing the lines a b, c d, to be drawn first, the horizontal lines
a f, c e, must be drawn so that the points or ends f e shall be neither above nor below
the ends or points a, c—that is, f and e must be exactly opposite a and c. In the present
case, no mechanical aid is allowable; the eye is to be the only guide. Attention should
also be paid to keeping the exact distance between the lines a b, a f, and c d, and c e.
The pupil must not imagine that all these modifications of lines are worthless; a little
patience and reflection will suffice to show him that they are, in truth, part of the
groundwork, without which he can never hope to rear the superstructure of perfect
drawing. We now proceed to a little more interesting labor, where simple figures are to
be drawn; these, however, being neither more nor less than the lines already given
variously disposed. Draw the lines a c, b c, Fig. 6, meeting in the point c; these form a
certain angle; care should be taken to draw the lines as in the copy. Next draw the
horizontal line a b, Fig. 7, and a figure is formed which the pupil will at once
recognize. Draw the horizontal line a b, Fig. 8; perpendicular to it, from the ends a b,
draw the lines a c, b d, taking care that they are of the same length as a b; draw the
line c d, a square is at once formed. As it is an essential feature in this form that all the
sides are equal, if the pupil, after drawing it, perceives any inequality therein, he
should rub it out and proceed to another attempt. Some little practice should be given
to the delineation of squares, angles, &c. If a parallelogram or oblong—vulgarly
called an oblong square—is wished to be drawn, it may be done by making two
opposite lines shorter than the others; the line e denotes the fourth outline of an
oblong, of which the side is a b. If two oblongs be drawn, care being taken to have the
inner lines the same distance within the outer ones all round, by adding a narrow line
outside these, as in Fig. 9, the representation of a picture-frame is obtained; the
diagonal lines at the corners, as at a and b, being put in to represent the joinings at the
corners of the frame, the "mitre" joints, as they are termed. By first drawing the
simple outlines, as in Fig. 10, the foundation of a door is obtained by filling in the
extra lines, as in the figure.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

OH, LAY HER TO REST!

BY FLORUS B. PLIMPTON.

Oh, lay her to rest where the myrtle can grow,
Among the green grass that shall over her wave,
That not only in summer, but in winter's cold snow,
'Twill be green as the love that encircles her grave
Her heart was a treasure of trust to a friend,
A mirror reflecting warm sympathy's glow;
It was patient to anger, and feared to offend,
And suffered in silence what no one can know.

Oh, lay her to rest! let no monument tell
That she dwells with the perfect, the good, and the just,
Nor let flattery's homage emblazon her cell,
But bear her in silence and tears to the dust.
Oh, lay her to rest! of earth hath she known
Sufficient of sorrow, sufficient of pain;
She pined for the world where her spirit hath flown,
Though she wept for the love that recalls her in vain.

THE LLOYDS.
BY MRS. S. J. HALE.

CHAPTER I.

"To me, what 's greatness when content is wanting?
Or wealth, raked up together with much care,
To be kept with more, when the heart pines,
In being dispossessed of what it longs for
Beyond the Indian mines?"

Massinger.

Arthur Lloyd was about twenty-two when, by his father's death, he came into
possession of property worth, at least, a million. His father died somewhat suddenly,
and the young man, who was then in Paris, partly on business for his father, partly to
see the world, was summoned home by the cares which such an inheritance naturally
involved. There are few scenes that more deeply try the spirit of a man than a return to
a desolate home. The mind can support the separations which the common current of
human affairs renders inevitable without much suffering. One may even dwell in the
midst of strangers, and not feel lonely, if the heart has a resting-place elsewhere. But
when we open the solitary apartments, where everything we see calls up associations
of dear friends we can hope to meet no more forever, a blight falls on our path of life,
and we know that whatever of happiness may await us, our enjoyments can never be
as in days past.
It was late on Saturday night when Arthur Lloyd reached the elegant mansion in ——
street, New York, of which he was now the sole proprietor. The domestics had been
expecting his arrival, and every arrangement had been made, as far as they knew his
wishes and tastes, to gratify him. Wealth will command attention, but in this case there
was more devotion to the man than his money; for Arthur was beloved, and affection
needs no prompter.
"How sorry I am that this pretty mignonette is not in blossom!" said Mrs. Ruth, the
housekeeper; "you remember, Lydia, how young Mr. Lloyd liked the mignonette."
"Yes, I remember it well; but I always thought it was because Miss Ellen called it her
flower, and he wanted to please the pretty little girl."

"That might make some difference, Lydia, for he has such a kind heart. And now I
think of it, I wonder if Miss Ellen knows he is expected home so soon."
"She does," said Lydia, "for I told her yesterday, but she didn't seem to care. And I do
not think she likes him."
"She is melancholy, poor child! and who can blame her when she has lost her best
friend?"
"Why, Mrs. Ruth, cannot young Mr. Lloyd be as good a friend as his father? I am sure
he will be as kind."
"Yes, no doubt of that. But, Lydia, it will not do for a young man to be so kind to a
pretty girl; Miss Ellen is now quite a young lady; the world would talk about it."
"I wonder who would dare to speak a word against Mr. Arthur?" said Lydia, reddening
with indignation.
When a man's household are his friends, he hardly need care for the frowns of the
world; and even the gloom of sorrow was relieved as Arthur shook hands with the old
and favored domestics, whose familiar faces glowed with that honest, hearty welcome
which no parasite can counterfeit. But when he retired to his chamber, the silence and
solitude brought the memory of his lost friends sadly and deeply on his mind. He felt
alone in the world. What did it avail that he had wealth to purchase all which earth
calls pleasures, when the disposition to enjoy them could not be purchased? The
brevity of life seemed written on every object around. All these things had belonged to
his parents. And now they had no part in all that was done beneath the sun.
"And yet," thought Arthur, "who knows that their interest in earthly things is
annihilated by death? Why may not a good man receive much of his heavenly felicity
from witnessing the growth of the good seed he has planted in living hearts? Why may
he not be gladdened, even when singing the song of his own redemption, by seeing
that the plans he had devised for the improvement of his fellow-beings are in progress,
carried forward by agents whom God has raised up to do their share of the labor in
fitting this world for the reign of the just? If—if my good parents are ever permitted to
look down upon the son they have trained so carefully, God grant they may find he
has not departed from the way their precepts and example have alike made plain
before him."
There is no opiate, excepting a good conscience, like a good resolution. And Arthur
slept soundly that night, and passed the Sabbath in the tranquillity which a spirit
resigned to the will of heaven, and yet resolved to do all that earth demands of a
rational being, cannot but enjoy. But one thought would intrude to harass him. His
father's death had occurred while Arthur was far away. He had not heard the parting
counsel, the dying benediction. Perhaps his father had, in his last moments, thought of
some important suggestion or warning for his son, but there was no ear tuned by

affection to vibrate at the trembling sound, and catch and interpret the whispered and
broken sentence, and so the pale lips were mute.
With such impressions on his mind, Arthur was prepared to read eagerly a letter,
directed to himself, which he found deposited in his father's desk, purposely, as it
appeared, to meet the notice of his son, before beginning the inspection of those
papers business would render necessary. I shall give the entire letter, because the
character of the father must be understood in order to comprehend the influences
which had modelled that of the son.
It is on the very rich and the very poor that domestic example and instruction operate
with the most sure and abiding effect. We find the children of parents in the middling
class, removed from the temptation of arrogance on the one hand, and despair on the
other, are those who admire and endeavor to imitate the models of goodness and
greatness history furnishes, or the world presents. Such may become what is termed
self-educated; but this process the very rich think unnecessary, and the very poor
impossible. Therefore, when the early training of these two classes has inclined them
to evil, they rarely recover themselves from the contamination. But the letter; it ran
thus:—

My dear and only Son: I informed you in my last letter that my health was
declining. I felt even then, though I did not express it, that I should never see you
again in this world; still I did not anticipate the rapid progress which my disease
has since made. However, I have much cause for thankfulness. I endure little
pain, and my mind was never more calm and collected. I have resolved,
therefore, to arrange some of my thoughts and reflections for your perusal,
knowing that you will prize them as the last expression of your father's love.
I have often endeavored, in my hours of health, to bring the final scene of
departure from this world vividly before my mind. I have thought I had
succeeded. But the near approach to the borders of eternity wonderfully alters the
appearance of all earthly things. I often find myself saying, "What shadows we
are, and shadows we pursue!"
Shadows indeed! But it would not be well that the veil should be removed from
the eyes of those whose journey of life is, apparently, long before them. The
duties which prepare us for heaven must be done on earth. It is this moral
responsibility which makes the importance of every action we perform.
Considered in this light, the example of every rational being is invested with a
mighty power for good or evil; and that good is productive of happiness, and evil
of misery, we need not the award of the last judgment to convince us. The history
of the world, our observation, our conscience, and our reason, all prove that to
deal justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly before God is the perfection of
man's felicity. The great error lies in mistaking our true interest. We separate

earth from heaven by an impassable gulf, and in our labors for the body think the
spirit's work has no connection. This false philosophy makes us selfish while we
are young, and superstitious when we are old, and of consequence unhappy
through life. But these things may be remedied. If the wise man spoke truth,
there is a way in which we should go, and we may be so trained as to walk in it
when we are young, and prefer it when we are old.
It has, my son, since you were given me, been the great aim of my life to educate
you in such habits and principles as I believe will insure your present and final
felicity. When I speak of what I have done, it is with a humble acknowledgment
of the mercy and goodness of God who has supported and blessed me; and I
would impress it on your heart that Heaven's blessing will descend on every one
who seeks it with patience and with prayer. But I did not always have these
views. I was not educated as you have been, and it is for the purpose of
explaining to you the motives which have governed my conduct towards you that
I shall enter into a recital of some incidents, which you may know as facts, but of
their consequences you are not aware.
My father, as you have often heard, left a handsome fortune to each of his ten
children; but as he acquired his property late in life by lucky speculations, we
were none of us subjected to the temptations of luxury in our childhood. We were
all educated to be industrious and prudent, and an uncommon share of these
virtues had, as the eldest, been inculcated on me. So that when, in addition to my
well-won thrift, the share I received from my father's estate made me a rich man,
I felt no disposition to enjoy it in any other mode than to increase it. I did not
mean to drudge always in the service of mammon; but I thought I must wait till I
was somewhat advanced, before I could retire and live honorably without
exertion; but, in the mean time, I would heap pleasures on my family.
Your mother was a lovely, amiable woman, whom I had married from affection,
and raised to affluence; and she thought, out of gratitude to me, she must be
happy as I chose. The only path of felicity before us seemed that of fashion; and
so we plunged into all the gayeties of our gay city. And for eight or ten years we
lived a life of constant bustle, excitement, show, and apparent mirth. Yet, Arthur,
I declare to you I was never satisfied with myself, never contented during the
whole time. I do not say I was wretched—that would be too strong an expression
—but I was restless. The excitements of pleasure stimulate; they never satisfy.
And then there was a constant succession of disagreements, rivalries, and
slanders, arising from trifling things; but those whose great business it was to
regulate fashionable society contrived to make great matters out of these
molehills. Your mother was a sweet-tempered woman, forbearing and forgiving,
as a true woman should be; but, nevertheless, she used sometimes to be involved
in these bickerings, and then what scenes of accusation and explanation must be
endured before the matter could be finally settled, and harmony restored! and

what precious time was wasted on questions of etiquette which, after all, made no
individual better, wiser, or happier.
We lived thus nearly ten years, and might have dreamed away our lives in this
round of trifling, had not Heaven awakened us by a stroke, severe indeed, but I
trust salutary. We had, as you know, Arthur, three children, a son and two
daughters. Fashion had never absorbed our souls so as to overpower natural
affection. We did love our children most dearly, and every advantage money
could purchase had been lavished upon them. They were fair flowers, but, owing
to the delicacy of their rearing, very frail. One after the other sickened; the croup
was fatal to our little Mary; the measles and the scarlet fever destroyed the
others. In six months they were all at peace.
Never, never can the feeling of desolation I then experienced be effaced from my
heart. A house of mourning had no attraction for our fashionable friends. They
pitied, but deserted us; the thought of our wealth only made us more miserable;
the splendor which surrounded, seemed to mock us.
"For what purpose," I frequently asked myself, "for what purpose had been all
my labor? I might heap up, but a stranger would inherit." My wife was more
tranquil, but then her disposition was to be resigned. Still she yielded, I saw, to
the gloom of grief, and I feared the consequences. But her mind was differently
employed from what I had expected.
She asked me one day if there was no method in which I could employ my
wealth to benefit others.
I inquired what she meant.
"I am weary," said she, "of this pomp of wealth. It is nothingness; or worse, it is a
snare. I feel that our children have been taken from the temptations of the world,
which we were drawing around them. There is surely, my husband, some object
more worthy the time and hearts of Christians than this pursuit of pleasure."
These observations may seem only the commonplace remarks of a saddened
spirit; but to me they were words fitly spoken. They opened a communion of
sentiment between us, such as we had never before enjoyed. I had often felt the
vanity of our fashionable life, but thought my wife was happier for the display,
and that it would be cruel for me to deprive her of amusements I could so well
afford, and which she so gracefully adorned. And I did not see what better use to
make of my riches. But the spell of the world was broken when we began to
reason together of its folly, and strengthen each other to resist its enticements.
Man is sovereign of the world; but a virtuous woman is the crown of her
husband; and this proverb was doubtless intended to teach us that the highest
excellences of the human character, in either sex, are attainable only by the aid of
each other.

I could fill a volume with our conversations on these subjects; but the result is
the most important; we resolved to make the aim of doing good the governing
principle of our lives and conduct.
And these resolutions, by the blessing of God, we were enabled, in a measure, to
fulfil. Our fashionable friends ascribed the alteration in our habits and manners to
melancholy for the loss of our children; but it was a course entered on with the
firm conviction of its superior advantages both of improvement and happiness.
We realized more than we anticipated. There is a delight in the exertion of our
benevolent faculties which seems nearly allied to the joy of the angles in heaven
—for these are ministering spirits. And this felicity the rich may command.
In a few years after we had entered on our new mode of life, you, my son, were
bestowed to crown our blessings. We felt that the precious trust was a trial of our
faith. To have an heir to our fortune was a temptation to selfishness; to have an
heir to our name was a cord to draw us again into the vortex of the world. But we
did not look back. We resolved to train you to enjoy active habits and benevolent
pleasures. It was for this purpose I used to take you, when a little child, with me
to visit the poor, permitting you to give the money you had earned of me by feats
of strength or dexterity to those you thought needed it. And when you grew larger
you recollect, probably, how steadily you would work in the shop, with your little
tools, finishing tiny boxes, &c., that your mother or I paid you for at stated
prices, which money you appropriated to the support of the poor families in ——
Street. By these means we gave you a motive for exertions which improved your
health and made you happy, and we gave you, also, an opportunity of taking
thought for others, and enjoying the pleasure of relieving the destitute. The love
for our fellow-beings, like all other feelings, must be formed by the wish, and
improved by the habit of doing them good. We never paid you for mental efforts
or moral virtues, because we thought these should find their reward in the
pleasure improvement communicated to your own heart and mind, aided by our
caresses and commendations which testified the pleasure your conduct gave us.
Thus you see, my son, that in all the restrictions we imposed, and indulgences we
permitted, it was our grand object to make you a good, intelligent, useful, and
happy man. We endeavored to make wisdom's ways those of pleasantness to you;
and I feel confident that the course your parents have marked will be followed by
you so far as your conscience and reason shall approve.
You will find yourself what the world calls rich. To human calculation, had I
rigidly sought my own interest in all my business, I should have left you a much
larger fortune. But who knows that the blessing which has crowned all my
enterprises would not have been withdrawn had such selfish policy governed me?
I thank my Saviour that I was inspired with a wish to serve my fellow-men. And
my greatest regret now arises from the reflection that with such means I have

done so little good. Endeavor, my son, to exceed your father in righteousness.
The earth is the Lord's; consider yourself only as the steward over the portion he
has assigned you. Enter into business, not to add to your stores of wealth, but as
the best means of making that wealth useful to the cause of human improvement.
And let the honorable acquisition and the generous distribution go on together.
The man, whose heart of marble must be smitten by the rod of death before a
stream of charity can gush forth, deserves little respect from the living. To give
what we can no longer enjoy is not charity; that heavenly virtue is only practised
by those who enjoy what they give.
I do not undervalue charitable bequests. These may be of great public utility; and,
when they harmonize with the example of the testators, they deserve grateful
acknowledgment and everlasting remembrance. But I cannot commend as a
model the character of a man who has been exclusively devoted all his life to
amassing property, because he acquires the means of leaving a large charitable
donation at his decease. This seems to be making virtue a penance rather than a
pleasure.
I wish you, my son, to frame for yourself a system of conduct, founded on the
rational as well as religious principle of doing to others as you would they should
do to you; and then your life as well as death will be a public blessing. Another
great advantage will be, you can hold on your consistent, Christian course to the
end. You need never retire from business in order to enjoy yourself. But I must
shorten what I would wish to say were my own strength greater, or my
confidence in your character less firm. There is one other subject to which I must
refer.
Your dear mother, as you well know, adopted Ellen Gray, and intended to educate
the girl in every respect like a child. After your mother's death, I placed the child
under the care of Mrs. C., where she has ever since remained. You know but little
of Ellen, for you entered college soon after she came to our house, and have been
mostly absent since; but when you return it will be necessary you should, as her
guardian and the only friend she has a claim upon, become acquainted with her.
She is now at the winning age of seventeen, and very lovely in person and
disposition; one that I should be proud to call my daughter.
Her mother was the dear friend of your mother, and that circumstance, which
first induced us to take the orphan, joined with her own sweetness and
affectionate gratitude, has deeply endeared her to me. And now, when I am gone,
she will feel her loneliness, for she has no blood relation in the world. You,
Arthur, will have a delicate part to act as the son of her benefactor, and the person
whom in the singleness and simplicity of her pure heart she will think she has a
right to confide in, to preserve that just measure of kindness and dignity which
will satisfy her you are her friend, and make the world understand you intend

never to be more. I have secured her an independence, and provided that she
shall remain, for the present, with Mrs. C. May the Father of the orphan guard
her and bless her! She loved your mother, Arthur, and for that you must be to her
a brother.
And now, my son, farewell! I feel my hour has nearly come; and I am ready and
willing to depart. My last days have been, by the blessing of the Almighty, made
my best. I have lived to the last, and been able to accomplish most of the plans
which lay nearest my heart. Do not grieve that I am at rest; but arouse all your
energies for the work that is before you. In a country and age distinguished by
such mighty privileges, it requires warm hearts, and strong minds, and liberal
hands, to devise, and dare, and do. May God preserve, strengthen, and bless you!
Your affectionate father,
J. LLOYD.

I am glad, thought Arthur, as he wiped away his tears, after reading the letter for the
third time in the course of the day—I am glad my father has left me perfectly free
respecting Ellen. Had he expressed a wish that I should marry her, it would have been
to me sacred as the laws of the Medes and Persians. Yet I might have felt it a fetter on
my free will; and so capricious is fancy, I should not, probably, have loved the girl as I
now hope to love her, that is, if she will love me—as a brother.

CHAPTER II.

"Count that day lost whose low descending sun
Views from thy hand no worthy action done."

"It seems strange our children should be so perverse; we have always given them good
counsel," said a lady, whose darling son had just been sent to sea as the last scheme
parental anxiety could devise for his reformation.
Good counsel is a very good thing, doubtless; but, to make it effectual, we must
convince our children that goodness is pleasure. I once saw a lady punishing her little
son for playing on the Sabbath. The boy sat sobbing and sulky, and his mother, whose
heart melted at his tears, while her sense of duty forbade her to indulge him, turned to
me and said—
"The Sabbath is a most trying day; I can keep it myself, though it is dull; but my
children have nothing to occupy their minds, and they will be in mischief. I am always
glad when the Sabbath is over."

The children looked up, very pleasantly, at this, and probably thought their mother
hated the Sabbath as truly as they did; and they might reason it would be a pleasure to
her if there were no Sabbaths.
The elder Mr. Lloyd managed things better. He maintained that children were inclined
to good or tempted to evil by the influences of their education; that the fear of losing a
pleasure operated more forcibly on their hearts than the fear of incurring a
punishment; and, consequently, that we must make the way in which we would have
them go seem so pleasant by our own gladness while treading it, that they may be
inclined to follow us from choice.
"It is a poor compliment to virtue, if her votaries must be always sad," he would say;
"and the peace and good-will which the Gospel was given expressly to diffuse over
the earth should not make men gloomy and children miserable."
What he commended he practised. In forming the character of Arthur, he was careful
to make him distinguish between the happiness which in his own heart he enjoyed,
and that which others might flatter him with possessing.
"The reason why so many are blind to their best interests," Mr. Lloyd would say, "is
because they will trust to their neighbors' eyes rather than their own. I intend Arthur
shall see for himself. Had Bonaparte done what his own heart approved, he would
have preserved freedom and the republic; but he wanted the world should flatter him,
that posterity should honor him, and so he violated his integrity of purpose, and
grasped a crown that proved but a shadow."
It would be very gratifying to me to describe particularly the manner of Arthur Lloyd's
domestic education, the means which were employed to draw forth his powers,
ascertain his peculiar talents, and exercise and direct these as they were developed.
But it is now my purpose rather to display effects than trace causes. Yet one thing
must be noted; his father's great aim, after religious training, was to cultivate the
reason and judgment of his son. Mathematics and natural philosophy had been made
to occupy a prominent place in his studies.
"The pleasures these pursuits confer," Mr. Lloyd would wisely remark, "cannot be
enjoyed without self-exertion. Any man who has money may obtain the reputation of
taste by the mere purchasing of works of art, while his own mind is as inert as the
canvas or statue on which he gazes with so much seeming admiration. But he who
would gain credit for understanding mathematical sciences or natural philosophy,
must deserve it by patient toil and persevering industry. Now, this thirst for
knowledge, which must be won by personal exertion, is the talisman which will
effectually secure the rich man from the torment of ennui; and, if with this knowledge
be united the disposition to make his talents and means of doing good serviceable to
the world, his own happiness is secure as that derived from earthly objects can be."
So thought the father, and so he trained his son to think.

"I did not expect to find you thus deeply at work," said George Willet, a classmate,
who had called on Arthur shortly after he was settled in his home. "Why, the
arrangement of all these minerals and shells and insects must be an endless task. If I
had as much money as you, I would purchase my cabinets ready furnished."
"So would I, if all I wanted was to exhibit them," replied Arthur, pleasantly.
"And what more important purpose do you intend these shall serve?"
"I intend they shall contribute to my own gratification and improvement," said Arthur.
"There is hardly a specimen here but has its history, which awakens some pleasant
association of heart, memory, or mind. Some were presented by men I honor, and
some by friends I love. This curious shell was the gift of a lady on my last birthday;
and the benignant wishes that accompanied it made me, I trust, a better man; or, at
least, they inspired me with new resolutions to deserve her commendations. These
petrifactions and fossils are a memento of many delightful hours I have spent with
some of the noble French naturalists and philosophers. That beetle, I could tell you a
long story about it, the time I spent in watching its habits, the pains I took to assure
myself it was a nondescript, and the pleasure I enjoyed when the great Cuvier
complimented me for my patience and research—but I fear you would think this all
nonsense."
"It is not what I should go to Paris to learn," returned the other. "But then I must think
of my profession; a physician is the slave of the public. You can use your time as you
please, and are not compelled to coin it into money in order to live."
"No; but I have had as hard a lesson perhaps. I have had to learn that money will not
buy happiness, and that he who is not compelled to labor for food must labor for an
appetite, which, in the end, amounts to about the same thing."
"You were always stoically inclined, Arthur; but a young man with a million at
command will find it rather difficult to act the philosopher. The world has a powerful
current, and fashion a sweeping breeze."
"They will not move me from my course, George: that is fixed, and, with Heaven's
blessing, I will hold on my way. My father's example is my chart, and the Christian
rule my compass."
"You think so now—-well, we shall see. Your father was a good man and a happy one,
and that is much in your favor. Had you witnessed, as I have done, the weary,
monotonous, heartless, wretched life many who call themselves good undergo, and,
what is worse, inflict on others, you would not have much inclination for goodness."
"Your remarks, George, are just. I have known young men plunge into dissipation
avowedly to shake off the restraints of morality which had been imposed in a manner
so galling. And I have known others hold business in abhorrence only because the

selfish, slavish life their fathers had led made application seem a drudgery. I trust I
have more rational views—thanks to my good parents!"

No man should say he will be always wise. Who would guess that Arthur, so calm,
rational, and discriminating, would have fallen in love with a coquette? But this he
did, notwithstanding the penchant he intended to cultivate for the pretty Ellen Gray.
My lady readers probably thought she was predestined to be his wife, and I should
have been glad to describe the tender and tranquil loves of two beings who seemed so
congenial. But authors cannot control fate.
Arthur Lloyd was, to be sure, deeply interested with Ellen's meek and innocent beauty,
and he was touched to the heart by the unaffected sorrow which any allusion to his
parents would excite in her manner, even when she controlled the expression of her
grief, which she could not always. And he often thought nothing could be more lovely
than her fair face, rather pale perhaps; but then the predominance of the lily seemed to
be the effect of purity of mind, not languor of body, when contrasted with the deep
mourning habiliments which he knew were in truth the outward token of that sadness
of spirit which she was cherishing for the loss of those who had also been the dearest
to him. Could they choose but sympathize? If they did, it was very secretly and
silently.
It might be that this necessity for communion was the very cause which prevented
Arthur from feeling other than a brother's affection for the sweet girl whose interests
he was deputed to defend; and, on her part, there hardly seemed a sister's confidence
yielded to her young guardian. A guardian! Who ever read of a lady falling in love
with her guardian? The impossibility of the circumstance seemed fully understood and
acted upon by the belles of New York, who were sedulous to attract the attention of
such a fine man as Arthur Lloyd. But he was not disposed to mingle much in society;
and, during the year which succeeded his father's death, he was almost wholly
engrossed with his business and various plans for promoting public education and
elevating the character of our national literature. This was the favorite object to which
he resolved to devote his energies and his resources. He was persuaded that a
republican people must derive their chief happiness and their highest honors from
intellectual pursuits, if they intend their institutions shall be permanent. The glories of
conquest and the luxuries of wealth alike tend to make the few masters and the many
slaves; but, if the mild light of science and literature be the guide of a people, all will
move onward together, for the impulse of knowledge has an attractive force that
elevates, proportionally, every mind over which its influence can be extended.
Such were Arthur Lloyd's sentiments; and it would have been strange if he had not felt
a deep respect for the character of the Puritans, and a wish to cultivate an
acquaintance with New England people, who, whatever be their faults, have rarely
sinned through ignorance.

So Arthur visited Boston during the summer of 18—, and received from the élèves of
society all that courtesy and hospitality which a rich stranger is sure to elicit. He could
hardly be termed a stranger, however, for his father had many commercial friends in
Boston, and they cordially transferred their favor to the son. Everything was
calculated to make Arthur think highly of the people; the tone of intelligent and liberal
feeling appeared the result of the liberality which had laid the foundation of popular
instruction, and young Lloyd became every day more satisfied of the truth of his
favorite theory, namely, educate all the children and you will reform all the world. A
man is never more self-satisfied than when he is confirming a favorite theory.
Among the multitude of friends and flatterers that surrounded Arthur, none charmed
him so completely as the Hon. Mr. Markley and family. The gentleman was himself
very eloquent, his lady very elegant, and their daughters exceedingly fascinating.
They all exerted their talents to please Arthur; it was no more than he merited, a
stranger and a guest, and so handsome and intelligent and agreeable! Who thought he
was worth a million? Not the Markleys; for they were never heard to speak of a selfish
sentiment except to condemn it. Arthur thought he never met with a more disinterested
family.
Arabella Markley was a most captivating creature, and she soon contrived to make
Arthur sensible of it; and he found, to his mortification, that he had not so fully and
firmly the mastery of his own mind as he had flattered himself with possessing. Love
exhibits much the same symptoms in the wise as the weak; and Arthur, when beside
Arabella, forgot there was for him any higher object in this world than to please a
woman. But sometimes in the solitude of his chamber other thoughts would arise; he
could not but see that the Markleys were devoted to fashion and gayety, though
Arabella had assured him she did not enjoy the bustle, but that excitement was
necessary for her father's spirits and health.
If she makes this sacrifice for her father, thought Arthur, how gladly will she conform
to my quiet domestic plan! Still there was something in the expression of her face, and
more in her manner, which denoted a fondness for show and variety; and whenever
Arthur wrote to Ellen Gray, which he often did, as he had promised to give her the
history of his tour, the contrast between her beauty and that of Arabella always came
over his mind. He described Arabella in one of his letters to Ellen, and concluded with
observing: "If she had a little more of your tenderness and placidity in the expression
of her eyes, she would be a perfect model of female loveliness; but that would make
her too angelic, the arch vivacity of her glance assures her to be human, and
susceptible of human sympathies."
Ellen Gray read that passage over and over; but she never answered the letter, for
Arthur returned to New York before she could arrange her thoughts for a reply.
Arthur left Boston without any explanation, as they say, though he had been several
times on the point of making the love speech. It seemed as if some spell were

restraining him, for Arabella had given him opportunities of seeing her alone, and Mr.
and Mrs. Markley had evidently sought to draw him to their parties. Perhaps this
solicitude had been one means of deferring the proposals. Lloyd found himself so
agreeably entertained, he could hardly wish to be happier. Like the Frenchman who
would not marry the lady he admired and visited constantly, because he should have
no place to pass his evenings, Arthur Lloyd might have been fearful that certainty
would have made his visits, which were hailed as favors, appear only events of course.
Young gentlemen have thus reasoned.
Arabella was sadly disappointed, for she had really acted her part most admirably, and
she expected to succeed. She knew the power of her charms, and, fond of flattery as
she was, had resolved such unsubstantial coin should never gain her hand. A coquette
by nature and habit, she had managed to draw many distinguished beaux in her train,
but none, till Arthur had appeared, had been rich enough to satisfy her ambition.
However, he had agreed to correspond, and she knew well how to draw an inference
or frame a remark which would render it necessary for him to explain.
So they parted, both persuaded in their own hearts that they should soon meet, though
he did not feel that the choice was one his parents would entirely have approved. But
her letters might prove her excellence; he knew the fashionable scenes in which he
had chiefly beheld her were not calculated to display the amiable traits of character in
a woman. There were several circumstances which occurred to Arthur, as he
journeyed homeward, that determined him to be guarded in his letters, at least for a
season. And he determined also to consult Ellen Gray on the subject; he considered
her as having a sister's right to his confidence. But Ellen was very ill, he found, and
any allusion to the fair lady he had seen in Boston seemed difficult to introduce to one
who looked so sad and serious. Nevertheless, he ventured to name the subject once,
and Ellen listened calmly to all his praises of Arabella; and to his reiterated request
that his sister, as he called Ellen, should give him her opinion.
She advised him to marry the lady if he loved her, and felt assured she loved him. The
last remark was spoken in a low tone, and Mrs. C., the preceptress, entering at that
moment, thought Ellen was too much fatigued for further conversation. And so it
proved, for she was seriously ill for several days after, and it was weeks before she
was able to see Arthur again.
In the mean time, the correspondence between Mr. Lloyd and Miss Markley
commenced with spirit; on his part, rather intended to fathom her principles and taste
than her affections; and on hers, under an appearance of careless vivacity, to ascertain
his real intentions respecting her. There is nothing like a little jealousy for expediting
love matters, many ladies believe; and Arabella held the creed fully, as her third letter
proved. It was filled with the description and praises of an emigrant Frenchman,
Count de Verger, who had recently arrived in Boston. His merits could be equalled
only by his misfortunes, which had been manifold as those of Ulysses. His courage

and constancy had hitherto borne him up; but, when he arrived penniless on the shore
of the New World, his mental sufferings were, as Arabella described them, extreme. In
Europe, a man was respected for his birth and breeding, and, though he had lost his
property, his rank entitled him to consideration. But, in our republic, where men were
judged by their own merits, not by their father's title, the unlucky Count de Verger
feared that his misfortunes might be imputed as crimes. He could endure poverty, but
not contempt. He had once resolved to conceal his rank, and even his name; but his
abhorrence of falsehood and hypocrisy enabled him to overcome this false pride, and
so he was known for a nobleman, though he modestly disclaimed all intention of
endeavoring to support his rank. If he could earn sufficient by his talents and
accomplishments to maintain himself, he felt that he should be truly happy. Among his
accomplishments was that of playing the harp with a surprising degree of skill, when
it was considered that he had only practised for his own amusement. But he now
thought it possible he might make this knowledge of music available, if any of the fair
ladies of Boston should feel disposed to take lessons on the harp. His wonderful
condescension was no sooner known than there appeared a competition among
fashionable ladies who should first secure the services of this amiable and gifted
nobleman. His tuition charges were exorbitant; but he was a foreigner, and a count;
and, besides, he had been unfortunate, and republicans must pay liberally for the
graces which can only be taught by those who have witnessed the refinements of royal
taste and the magnificence of courts.
These were the items of intelligence Arabella dilated upon with touching pathos in her
letter to Arthur Lloyd; she was in raptures with the Count de Verger. Such an
accomplished scholar! so perfect and gentlemanly! His mind was a constellation of all
brilliant qualities; his manners the embodied essence of suavity and elegance! There
were but two objections the most fastidious critic could make to his appearance He
squinted a little; but Arabella did not dislike a slight cast of the eye, it rather gave a
fascinating effect to a handsome countenance. The other fault was, in her opinion, a
perfection. The count wore moustaches (this was before beards were the rage), and
our smooth, Puritan-faced men of business disliked moustaches; but Arabella was glad
the ladies had more taste for the picturesque. For her part, she should for the future
make it a sine qua non with all gentlemen who aspired to her friendship to cultivate
moustaches. It was needless to say she was learning to play the harp; it might more
properly be called adoring it. She was never before so engrossed with any pursuit; and
she only wished, to complete her felicity, that Mr. Lloyd could become acquainted
with her tutor, and witness the proficiency she was making.
"Fudge!" said Arthur, giving audible expression to his thoughts, as he kicked a fallen
brand with the petulance of a poet, forgetting there was poker, tongs, or servants in the
world. "Fudge! wears moustaches and squints! I'll see the fellow!"
Arthur was sensible he felt disappointed, not so much that Arabella proved a coquette
as that his estimate of the effect of education on the female mind should be found

false. He had drawn his conclusions logically; thus: Virtuous and intelligent women
are sincere and reasonable; New England ladies are virtuous and intelligent; therefore,
they are sincere and reasonable. And yet here was one who had enjoyed every mental
and moral advantage a lady could require to perfect her character acting the part of an
artful coquette; or otherwise she was a silly dupe, for the story of the Count de Verger
Arthur credited no more than the adventures of Baron Munchausen.
He did not write to Arabella to announce his intention of visiting her, fearing the count
might, in that case, retire for a season, and he much wished to see him. So Arthur
reached Boston and astonished his friends, who could find no solution for the sudden
movement but that he had learned the danger there was that Miss Markley would be
won by the gallant Frenchman; and all the inquiries he made respecting the count he
had the mortification of finding were regarded as the promptings of a jealous spirit
seeking to find matter of accusation against a rival. Many of the gentlemen whom he
addressed on the subject declared their belief that the professor of the harp was a real
count, his bearing and manner were decidedly noble, and there was a thoroughbred air
in his address which distinguished foreigners of high rank, and which our richest and
most eminent men, who were always compelled to speak of themselves as plain
citizens, and only enjoying equal privileges with the people, never could display.
"I would give fifty thousand," said a young mercantile gentleman, whose father had,
by careful industry, amassed a large fortune, "if I could appear with the ease and
elegance of the Count de Verger. I met him the other day at the dinner party of Mr.
——, and I assure you he was the lion of the day. It is no wonder the ladies admire
him."
"No, it is no wonder," thought Arthur, "that our ladies despise us for not possessing
the manners of slaves, while we men so undervalue and abuse our privilege of being
free. If fashion and etiquette are to be considered the most important objects of pursuit
among those who assume the first place in our society, we shall always be inferior to
the nobles where distinctions of rank and descent of property are so established that
fashion and etiquette can have trained subjects and established laws. We republicans
must have our standard of respectability founded on moral worth, usefulness, and
intelligence, or the discrepancy between our institutions and manners will make us
ridiculous in the eyes of other nations, and contemptible in that of our own. But I will
see this count, and, if he prove to be my old valet"——
Compressing his lips, as if to prevent the expression of a hasty resolve, he bent his
steps to the dwelling of Mr. Markley.
It was in the morning, and too early for a fashionable call; but Arthur had learned that
the Count de Verger gave lessons to Miss Markley at half past ten; and that the young
lady frequently admitted her particular friends to congratulate her respecting the
astonishing progress she made on the harp. Mr. Lloyd was known to the servants as a
favored visitor, and found no difficulty in being admitted, and ushered familiarly into

the parlor where Arabella was practising. There were two ladies, her intimate friends,
and one gentleman present. Neither Arabella nor the count noticed the entrance of Mr.
Lloyd, and he stood for several minutes regarding them. Arabella was playing with
enthusiasm; it was evident she was charmed with her own performance; her noble
teacher sat beside her, the music-book open in his hand, his small keen eyes cast
partly upward in admiration; but, as his oblique glance could rest on the face of his
fair pupil, it was not certain whether her beauty or her music caused his raptures.
"Martin!" said Mr. Lloyd, in a deep, commanding tone.
The count started to his feet, every nerve agitated as though he had received a shock
from a galvanic battery.
"Jean Martin, how came you here?" continued Mr. Lloyd, sternly.
"I—I am not here—that is, you mistake—I am the Count de Verger."
Mr. Lloyd walked closely up to the impostor.
"Villain, let me hear no more of your falsehoods! Away, instantly, or you shall answer
for your crimes."
The accomplished nobleman obeyed the order promptly as it was given, bolting from
the apartment without the ceremony of a single bow. There was blank silence for a
moment; then Arabella indignantly inquired the reason of such a proceeding in her
father's house, and without her father's knowledge.
"Pardon me, Miss Markley," said Arthur; "I am aware my conduct requires
explanation. That fellow was my valet. I hired him in Paris: shrewd, ingenious, and
attentive, he won my confidence, and for many months I treated him more like a
friend than servant. He accompanied me to Germany, and there found means to rob
me of a considerable sum of money, besides a casket of jewelry I had in my charge,
belonging to a banker of Paris, and for which I was responsible. Martin escaped, and I
had no idea of ever meeting him again, till your eloquent description of the Count de
Verger awakened my suspicions. I came here therefore unceremoniously, for which I
again beg pardon; but trust you and your father will not regret the impostor is detected
and exposed."
"You must be mistaken, Mr. Lloyd. This gentleman is a real count; I have seen his
coat of arms, and seals, and rings."
Just then Mr. Markley entered, the whole affair was detailed, and Mr. Lloyd produced
an order, which had been granted by the Austrian government, for the apprehension of
Jean Martin for the robbery; the paper contained a particular description of his person,
and all, except Arabella, were convinced of the identity of the ci-devant valet and the
elegant Count de Verger.

"It is impossible a person so exquisitely skilled in music and every accomplishment
can be of base extraction and character," sighed Arabella.
"You fancied him noble, and invested him with all rare qualities. It is true, he has
some skill in music; but he played vastly better for his title. Should you hear him as
Martin"——
The lady turned her head scornfully, taking care, at the same time, to wreath her
features in a very sweet smile—the scorn was intended for Martin, the smile for Mr.
Lloyd; and then she requested the latter to tell her all the particulars, saying that she
felt under the greatest obligations for the care he had shown to detect an imposition
which she could never have suspected, and in which the whole town participated.
Arthur might have complied with her request; he might even have forgiven her taking
lessons of his valet and honoring him as a nobleman, for he was aware that other
ladies had been deceived by Martin, and that his own sex had favored the impostor
because he pretended to a title; but, as she extended her hand in token of amity, his
eye caught a brilliant on her finger; he knew it was one of the banker's jewels.
"That was the gift of Martin," said he.
"Of the Count de Verger," she stammered.
Arthur bade her good-morning.
The next day he left Boston, but not before he had learned that the count had
decamped, leaving his landlord's bill and sundry loans of money from honorable men
undischarged.
"It will teach me wisdom, I hope," said one gentleman. "I will never again lend money
to the count when I would not trust it to the man."
Arthur Lloyd was blamed by some prudent people for the abruptness of his
proceedings in the affair, as it severely wounded the feelings of the Markleys. Arabella
did not recover from this shock till after she learned that Mr. Lloyd had wedded the
pretty Ellen Gray, when she sent him a congratulating letter, which ended their
correspondence.
I wish I could describe the course Arthur Lloyd is now pursuing without incurring the
charge of personality. There are so few like him that the picture would be instantly
recognized. But I can repeat two of his favorite maxims.
The first, "We must educate our sons to consider the title of Republican a prouder
boast than the highest order of nobility that implies subjection, and requires homage to
a mortal."
Second, "We must train our daughters to respect talent in a man more than money, and
a character for usefulness more than a showy exterior; to consider their countrymen

superior to the men of every other nation; and, above all things, never to receive the
present of a ring, except from a near relative or an accepted lover."

BABYLON, NINEVEH, AND MR.
LAYARD.

FALLEN ROCK-SCULPTURES AT BAVIAN.
Babylon and Nineveh, those magnificent twins of the East, flourished through many
centuries in all the pride of power and wealth, and sank into masses of ruin, leaving
scarcely a record among the historians of the world. It was known such cities had
existed, and it was said that, in the height of their glory, they had no peers in splendor.
But of the mighty kings who ruled them, and the manners, customs, characteristics,
and achievements of the people who dwelt within their walls, succeeding ages knew
almost nothing. Nineveh was a heap of ruins in the days of Xenophon, twenty
centuries ago. Greece and Rome grew, ruled, flourished, and decayed. A new religion
arose, and spread a strange civilization among the nations of northern Europe, who
rose to power upon the ruins of the Roman empire. From these people, curious
travellers wandered to the banks of the Tigris and the Euphrates. Vast mounds and
fragments of sculptures met their gaze. There they were told the mighty Babylon and
the gorgeous Nineveh had reared their temples and palaces to the sun, awing into

submission the neighboring nations. No one cared to explore these ruins, so long
untouched amid the busy march of centuries.
In 1820, Mr. Rich, the political President of the East India Company at Bagdad,
visited the mounds of Babylon and Nineveh, and found some fragments of
inscriptions, engraved stones, and pieces of pottery, of which a description was
published. These precious relics were placed in the British Museum, and they excited
much wonder and curiosity. But the great mass of ruins still remained unseen. Nothing
was ascertained in regard to Assyrian art, and the architecture of Nineveh and Babylon
was a matter of speculation.
At length an enthusiastic and persevering individual applied himself to the exploration
of the sites of Nineveh and Babylon, and made discoveries that shed a lustre upon the
present age. They are, in fact, the most important historical developments that have
been made during the present century. During the autumn of 1839 and the winter of
1840, Austen Henry Layard, accompanied by a person no less enthusiastic than
himself, had been wandering through Asia Minor and Syria, scarcely leaving untrod
one spot hallowed by classical association. He then determined to turn eastward, and,
at least, tread upon the remains of Nineveh and Babylon. Reaching Mosul in April, he
had the pleasure of seeing, upon the opposite bank of the Tigris, the great mound
called the Birs Nimroud, and other mounds, that had been generally considered the
ruins of the mighty Nineveh. The curiosity of Mr. Layard was greatly excited, and, as
he floated down the Tigris towards Bagdad, he formed the design of exploring those
lofty masses of ruin. At that time, he had not the means to carry out his noble scheme;
and it was not until the summer of 1842 that he could again visit Mosul.
In the mean time, M. Botta, a man of energy and intelligence, had been appointed
French consul at Mosul, and, when Mr. Layard arrived, he found that personage had
already commenced excavations in the large mound on the opposite side of the river,
called by the Arabs Konyunjik. These excavations were on a small scale. But Mr.
Layard encouraged M. Botta to proceed, and went to Constantinople to interest some
Englishmen in the work. To the persevering French consul belongs the honor of
having discovered the first Assyrian monument, an acknowledgment of which Mr.
Layard has very gracefully made in his "Nineveh and its Remains." A building was
partially excavated, upon the walls of which were slabs of gypsum, covered with
sculptured representations of battles, sieges, and other warlike events. The dresses of
the figures, their arms, and the objects that accompanied them were all new to M.
Botta, and he could find no clue to the epoch of the erection of the edifice. Numerous
inscriptions, in the cuneiform or arrowhead character, were cut between the bas-
reliefs, and evidently contained the explanation of the events thus recorded in
sculpture. As Mr. Layard afterwards said: "The French consul had discovered an
Assyrian edifice, the first, probably, which had been exposed to the view of man since
the fall of the Assyrian empire." M. Botta communicated the results of his labors to
the Academy at Paris; and, being furnished with funds by the French government, he

returned to the work of excavation, which he continued until the beginning of 1845.
His researches did not extend beyond Khorsobad; and, having secured some fine
specimens of Assyrian sculpture, he returned to Europe.
The success of M. Botta increased the anxiety of Mr. Layard to explore the ruins of
Assyria. He spoke to others, but received little encouragement. At length, in the
autumn of 1845, Sir Stratford Canning, the British minister at the Sublime Porte,
mentioned his readiness to incur, for a limited period, the expenses of excavations, in
the hope that, should success attend the researches, means would be obtained to carry
them forward on an extensive scale. Mr. Layard seized the opportunity, with many
expressions of joy and gratitude. Furnished with the usual documents given to
travellers when recommended by the embassy, and with letters of introduction to the
authorities at Mosul, he started from Constantinople, and, after a journey of twelve
days, reached Mosul. He immediately presented his letters to Mohammed Pasha,
governor of the province, and the terror of the neighboring countries. That official
received Layard with civility; but displayed a curiosity to know the object of his visit,
which the adventurer did not, at that time, see fit to gratify.
Having procured a few tools and weapons, and engaged a mason, Mr. Layard,
accompanied by Mr. Ross, a British merchant of Mosul, his canvas, and a servant,
floated down the Tigris to Nimroud. There he engaged six Arabs to work under his
direction. On the morning of the 9th of November, the work of excavation was
commenced at the great mound, and, in a few hours, a chamber, formed by slabs of
alabaster, which were inscribed with cuneiform characters, was exhumed. At another
part of the mound, a wall, with similar inscriptions, was discovered upon the same
day. From the appearance of the slabs, it was evident that the building or buildings had
been destroyed by fire. Some of the slabs were reduced to lime, and they threatened to
fall to pieces as soon as exposed to the air.
The next day, Mr. Layard, more enthusiastic than ever, employed more workmen, and
had the gratification of making some new discoveries. In the rubbish, near the bottom
of the chamber first discovered, he found several ivory ornaments, upon which were
traces of gilding. Among them was the figure of a man in long robes, carrying in one
hand the Egyptian crux ansata, part of a crouching sphinx, and flowers designed with
great taste and elegance. The Arabs were at a loss to conjecture the real object of Mr.
Layard's search. On seeing the gilding, one of them took him quietly aside, and, with a
knowing wink, said it had been ascertained that he was searching for gold. Mr. Layard
immediately presented him and his comrades with all the treasure they might find.
The excavations were continued until the 13th, still uncovering chambers and
passages, but finding no sculptures. Mr. Layard then deemed it expedient to go to
Mosul, and satisfy the curiosity of the Pasha in regard to the object of the researches.
The authorities threw many obstacles in the way of Mr. Layard. At first, they
suspected him of seeking the precious metals. When he had convinced them that their

suspicions were totally unfounded, they afterwards strove to stop his work by placing
false gravestones upon the mound, and declaring that no excavations could be made
near the graves of Mohammedans. But the prudence and perseverance of Mr. Layard
surmounted all difficulties, and the developments proceeded, all things considered,
with remarkable rapidity.
Returning to Nimroud on the 19th of November, our explorer increased the number of
his workmen to thirty. On the 28th of November, the first sculptured bas-reliefs were
discovered. On one of the slabs was a battle-scene. Two chariots, drawn by horses
richly caparisoned, were, each occupied by a group of three warriors; the principal
person in both groups was beardless, and evidently a eunuch. He was clothed in a
complete suit of mail, and wore a pointed helmet on his head, from the sides of which
fell lappets covering the ears, the lower part of the face, and the neck. The left hand,
the arm being extended, grasped a bow at full stretch; whilst the right, drawing the
string to the ear, held an arrow ready to be discharged. A second warrior urged with
reins and whip, to the utmost of their speed, three horses, who were galloping over the
plain. A third, without helmet, and with flowing hair and beard, held a shield for the
defence of the principal figure. Under the horses' feet, and scattered about the relief,
were the conquered, wounded by the arrows of the conquerors. Mr. Layard observed
with surprise the richness of the ornaments, and the faithful and delicate delineation of
the limbs and muscles, both in the men and horses. Unfortunately, this slab had been
so much injured by fire that its removal was hopeless. From its position, it seemed to
have been brought from another building, and this rendered any conjecture as to the
origin of the edifice still more difficult. Upon the same slab and its companion were
found representations of a regular siege, with various attendant incidents. The figures
displayed a thorough knowledge of art.
In the midst of difficulties with the authorities, Mr. Layard continued his excavations.
Many new and remarkable sculptures were discovered. Among them were gigantic
winged bulls, winged lions, a small crouching lion, and a human figure nine feet in
height, the right hand elevated, and carrying in the left a branch with three flowers,
resembling the poppy. These were only partially uncovered, to prevent them from
being destroyed by the action of the air. Mr. Layard was satisfied for the time. There
was no longer any doubt of the existence of sculptures, inscriptions, and even vast
edifices in the interior of the mound of Nimroud. The triumphant explorer lost no time
in communicating the results of his labors to Sir Stratford Canning, and urging the
necessity of a firman, or order from the Porte, which would prevent any future
interference on the part of the authorities or the inhabitants of the country. Soon
afterwards, Mr. Layard covered up the sculptures he had brought to light, and
withdrew altogether from Nimroud; but left agents near the great mound. He did not
return until the 17th of January, 1846. In the mean time, the agents had explored the
mounds of Barshiekha and Karamles, and proved the Assyrian origin of the ruins by
showing the name of the Khorsobad king inscribed upon the bricks.

Among the sculptures discovered soon after Mr. Layard's return to the scene of the
excavations, was one of a singular form. A human body, clothed in long ornamented
robes, was surmounted by the head of an eagle. The curved beak, of considerable
length, was half open, and displayed a narrow-pointed tongue, which was still covered
with red paint. On the shoulders fell the usual curled and bushy hair of the Assyrian
images, and a comb of feathers rose on the top of the head. Two wings sprang from
the back. In one hand was a fir cone, and in the other a square vessel, ornamented with
small figures.
On the morning following the discovery of the above figure, the Arabs came running
to Mr. Layard with the intelligence that they had discovered Nimroud himself.
Hastening to the trench, he found an enormous human head, sculptured in full out of
the alabaster of the country. The intelligent explorer conjectured at once that the head
belonged to a winged lion or bull, similar to those of Khorsobad and Persepolis. The
expression of the features was calm and majestic. The cap had three horns, and, unlike
that of the human-headed bulls previously found in Assyria, was rounded and without
ornament at the top. The Arabs, frightened at the sight of the head, carried the news of
its discovery to Mosul; and, the next day, Mr. Layard received an order to stop the
excavations. He at once hastened to the town, and, acquainting the Pasha with the real
nature of the discovery, obtained permission to proceed as soon as the excitement had
subsided. Thus was the persevering explorer continually disturbed by the malicious
and superstitious interference of the Turkish authorities.
By the end of March, Mr. Layard had discovered two finely preserved pairs of winged
human-headed lions, which seemed to be so placed as to guard the entrances to the
vast palace. They had undoubtedly been the divinities of the Assyrians. These people
could find no better type of intelligence than the head of the man; of strength than the
body of the lion; of rapidity of motion than the wings of the bird. For twenty-five
centuries these strange idols had been buried from the sight of man, and now they
were once more exposed to the light, and to the wondering gaze of those who had no
worship for such gods. Once they were regarded with awe, now with mere curiosity.
Mr. Layard was now compelled to suspend operations until he could receive
assistance from Constantinople. In the mean time, he visited the shieks of the
neighboring tribes of Arabs. When he returned, he found near the human-headed lions
some copper mouldings, two small ducks in baked clay, and tablets of alabaster
inscribed on both sides. The number of workmen was now reduced of necessity; but
the excavations proceeded with considerable rapidity. On some of the slabs were
figures of a king, his vizier, and attendants. The dresses of the figures were singular.
They had high boots, turned up at the toes, somewhat resembling those still worn in
Turkey and Persia. Their caps, though conical, seemed to have been made up of folds
of felt or linen. Their tunics varied in shape. All the figures seemed to have been
colored. On one of the largest slabs were two kings facing one another, but separated
by a symbolic tree, above which was a divinity with the wings and tail of a bird,

inclosed in a circle, and holding a ring in one hand, resembling the image so
frequently occurring on the early sculptures of Persia, and at times conjectured to be
the Loroastrian "feronher," or spirit of the person beneath. The fact of the identity of
this figure with the Persian symbol is remarkable, and gives rise to new speculations
and conjectures in regard to the religion of the Assyrians. But, as yet, nothing definite
has been ascertained.
Mr. Layard now began to prepare the sculptures he had discovered for transport to
Bombay. All unimportant parts were sawn away from them. The winged human-
headed lions could not be removed for want of means. But a number of slabs and
figures were packed in felts and matting, screwed down in roughly-made cases, placed
on rafts, and floated down the Tigris as far as Bagdad, whence they were taken in
boats to Busrah. These sculptures formed the first collection sent to England and
deposited in the British Museum. Soon after the departure of these treasures, Mr.
Layard, whose health had suffered from continued exposure to the intense heat of the
sun, retired to Mosul to recruit. Yet so indefatigable was his spirit that, instead of
remaining quiet, he employed his leisure in making some fruitless excavations in the
mound of Konyimjik. He returned to Nimroud in the middle of August, and attempted
to renew his labors. But his health became so bad that he was compelled to retire to
the cooler climate of the Fiyari mountains.
On returning to Mosul, Mr. Layard received letters from England, informing him that
Sir Stratford Canning had presented the Assyrian sculptures to the British nation, and
that the British Museum had received a grant of funds for the continuation of the
researches at Nimroud and elsewhere. The grant was small; but Mr. Layard was
induced to accept the charge of superintending the excavations even with that
inadequate sum. He immediately applied himself to organizing a band of workmen,
selected from the Chaldæans of the mountains and the Arabs of the Jebour tribe; and,
at the end of October, 1846, he was again among the ruins, with complete material for
extensive excavations.
Many new trenches were opened along the walls of the chambers; but the interior of
them was left unexplored, as Mr. Layard desired to economize his means as much as
possible. Upon the slabs exposed to view were bas-reliefs, representing the wars of the
king, and the conquests of some strange people. In the battles, chariots, highly
ornamented, spears, shields, and armor appeared. In the sieges, battering-rams,
instruments like blunt spears, machines for throwing fire, and women tearing their
hair and imploring mercy from the walls were seen. Boats towed by men, or rowed
with oars, and persons supported on inflated skins swimming rivers, in the manner to
be witnessed at the present day upon the Tigris, were finely sculptured.
Among other objects found amid the ruins, were fragments of copper and iron armor,
several entire helmets of a pointed shape, and some vases of alabaster and glass. On
exposure to the air, most of these articles fell to pieces. A glass vase, however, was

preserved. On a brick in one of the chambers was found a genealogy, which afforded a
kind of clue to the date of the building. An obelisk, containing twenty small bas-reliefs
and a cuneiform inscription 210 lines in length, was taken from one of the trenches.
From the nature of the sculptures, Mr. Layard conjectured that the monument was
erected to commemorate the conquest of India by the king of Khorsobad. Winged
bulls, crouching sphinxes, and winged divinities were exhumed in abundance. They
had been injured by fire, and almost crumbled at the touch. A small sarcophagus,
containing a crumbling skeleton, was found in another part of the mound; there was
no name inscribed upon the sepulchre, and Mr. Layard could obtain no clue to its
origin. A large number of these interesting relics of the past made up a cargo, to be
sent to England.
By the end of April, 1847, Mr. Layard had explored almost the whole building which
he had first touched, and which he calls the north-west palace. He had opened twenty-
eight chambers cased with alabaster slabs. Each of the chambers had several
entrances, and some of them were extensive enough to have been halls of state. Many
sculptures, ivory ornaments, and other curious objects were taken from the various
apartments. Paintings, in which the colors blue, red, white, yellow, and black were
visible, were discovered in upper chambers. The subjects of the paintings appeared to
be generally processions, in which the king was represented followed by his eunuchs
and attendant warriors. But the most important discovery connected with these upper
chambers was that of the slabs forming the pavement of the entrances, upon which
were the names and titles of five kings, in genealogical succession, commencing with
the father of the founder of the north-west palace, and ending with the grandson of the
builder of the centre edifice.
In the centre of the mound, Mr. Layard discovered a number of tombs, which seemed
to be the remains of a people whose funeral vases and ornaments were identical in
form and material with those found in the catacombs of Egypt; while beneath these
receptacles of the dead were the Assyrian ruins. From this state of things, it was
inferred that, after the destruction of the Assyrian palaces, another nation had
occupied the country.
Mr. Layard was astonished to find, by the vaulted passages of the palaces, that the
principle of the arch was understood by the ancient Assyrians. This important
principle was long believed to be a comparatively modern discovery. A pulley,
resembling the one now used, was also seen upon one of the bas-reliefs.
Transferring the scene of his excavations to the mound called Kalah Sherghat, Mr.
Layard came upon a sitting figure in basalt, which, from the inscriptions, he inferred
to be a statue of one of the Nimroud kings. Around it were a large number of tombs,
which seemed to have been made long after the destruction of the Assyrian buildings,
and in the rubbish and earth that had accumulated above them. The principal ruin at
Kalah Sherghat, as at Nimroud, Khorsobad, and on other ancient Assyrian sites, is a

large square mound, surmounted by a cone or pyramid. Long lines of smaller mounds,
or ramparts, inclose a quadrangle, which, from the irregularities in the surface of the
ground, and from the pottery and other rubbish scattered about, appears originally to
have been partly occupied by small houses, or buildings of no importance. The
excavations at Kalah Sherghat were soon abandoned as laborious and unprofitable.
The removal of the larger sculptures from the ruins to Busrah was a work of great
difficulty. Mr. Layard took drawings of a number of them that were too much injured
to be conveyed to Europe. A gigantic winged lion, and a winged bull of equal size,
were safely placed on board of an English vessel, while a considerable number of
small bas-reliefs and ornaments were sent with them to enrich the British Museum,
and set the scientific to speculating. Those sculptures which Mr. Layard had not the
means of removing were covered with earth, and thus preserved from injury.
(To be continued.)

LOVE'S ELYSIUM.

BY J. A. BARTLEY.

In a dreamy land Elysian,
Charmed by many a magic vision,
Have I lately roamed with one—
With an angel maiden smiling,
All my soul from night beguiling,
By one smiling as a sun.

In that bright Elysian region,
Where the flowers and stars are legion,
And its rivers crystal clear,
And above its mountains blushing,
Sweetest music-words are gushing
On the charmed, bewildered ear—

And within that wondrous Aidenn,
I and my angel maiden
Roamed but lately side by side;
And the words we spoke were solely
Murmured thoughts of passion holy—
I and my angel bride!

Oh, mischance most ill and evil,
Wrought by some malignant devil,
From that bright and radiant clime
I have now been cast forever,
By an Acherontic river
Roaming through the desert Time!

A GOSSIP ON THE FASHIONS.
My dear Friend: Your own observations on the prevailing modes of dress will have
told you very plainly that, excepting caps and bonnets, there is nothing either very
new or very striking. The caps are, however, unquestionably becoming, full of that
fairy grace and elegance which distinguish the workmanship of a Parisian artiste. I
send you a sketch of one which you will find extremely becoming. The foundation is a
caul of black net, in front of which a wreath of roses with foliage and grass surrounds
the face, the part crossing the forehead being of leaves alone, and forming a small
point, à la Marie Stuart. A single row of black lace is laid on the caul behind the
wreath, and the lappets are formed of black velvet ribbon, edged all round with the
same lace. They droop from the summit of the crown down each side. The back of the
crown is covered with falling loops of the same ribbon. Morning caps of white lace
are frequently trimmed with plain blond sarsnet ribbon (pink or blue) formed with a
succession of bows, terminating in one on each side the face. The lace itself
approaches the face only on the forehead, where it forms a point. Several morning
caps have two rows of blond lace, in which case a few bows of ribbon, like those on
the cheek, are placed on the ear, between them. All have small bows, and very long
floating ends at the back of the neck. It is not at all uncommon to see them half a yard
long.

PARISIAN CAP.
The bonnets, which begin to assume something of an autumnal aspect, are decidedly
pretty. Though not of a close shape, they are not now suspended at the back of the
hair, as they frequently were a little while ago. The purple is still visible, but that is all.
Fancy straws are very much worn trimmed with plaid or flowered ribbons. Groups of
wheat ears, poppies, and grass are placed at each side of the bonnet, when the ribbon
is of a kind with which such decorations will harmonize. For the interior a great deal
of blond is worn, and it would appear quite de rigueur that the two sides should by no
means correspond. If a flower is placed in the blond on one side, a knot of velvet
ribbon will be seen on the other; and one will be placed on the temple, while the other
is low down on the cheek. Roses and black velvet are the most common; and the
prettiest trimmings for the interior of a straw bonnet. I saw one which had a
remarkably elegant effect; and as I think it would be generally becoming, I give you
the description: The chapeau of paille-de-riz, spotted with black, had the brim edged
with black velvet, cut bias, and covering about an inch of its depth outside and in. In
the interior a very narrow black lace edged it. The bonnet, of that deep pink which
nearly approaches rose, was edged in the same way, the lace falling from the velvet on
the silk. A broad ribbon of the same hue simply crossed the crown and formed the
strings. It had narrow black velvet ribbon run all round it. The interior had a double

quilling of white blond all round the face; a single rose, with its foliage, was placed on
one side, and on the other a quilling of black lace, and one of pink ribbon filled up the
corresponding space. I have seen some pretty dress bonnets, of alternate ruches of
ribbon and black lace, with a perfect wreath of rose-buds round the outside of the
brim. In one bonnet, of cinnamon ribbon and black lace, the wreath could not certainly
have been composed of less than forty buds, besides foliage.
By the way, I do not know if I mentioned to you the new style of habit-shirt and sleeve
which are so much worn in morning toilette. In case I have not, I send you a
specimen. The collars have a hem about half an inch wide, stitched all round. Above
this are eight, ten, or even twelve minute tucks, run with exquisite neatness. The front
of the habit-shirt corresponds, being made one wide tuck and the same number of
narrow ones as are in the collar, alternately run from the throat to the waist. A piece of
muslin goes down the front, with a broad hem at each edge, a few narrow ones close
to them, and a row of ornamental buttons down the front. The sleeves, which are à la
duchesse, have the band composed of small tucks, and a frill nearly four inches wide,
but slightly sloped towards the join, made to correspond with the collar and habit-
shirt.

PARISIAN HABIT-SHIRT.
In articles of fancy there is little to remark, this being emphatically the dull season.
Bags, however, are almost universally used for carrying the handkerchief, and purses
for holding the money. I must say I am glad of this; those clumsy, ugly, porte-
monnaies, with their clasps that never would fasten, were always my aversion. You
will say, why did I use them? Que voulez vous? At Paris one must follow the fashion,

unless one would wish to be remarked. The law of opinion, is, to the full, as binding
as the law of the land. And, by the by, what a curious phenomenon is a truly Parisian
rage, or passion, or enthusiasm; or whatever else you like to designate a general
admiration and approbation of novelty.
According to the grand, but painfully true poem of Charles Mackay

"The man is thought a knave or fool,
Or bigot, plotting crime,
Who, for the advancement of his kind,
Is wiser than his time."

And certain it is that really great men have too often lived and died without seeing
their genius appreciated; and in smaller matters it requires enormous interest, or some
fortuitous circumstances, or an enormous amount of puffing, to induce the public to
recognize merit. It is very different here; real excellence, taste, or skill, is certain of
success, no matter in what line it may be exercised. The invention of an elegant
headdress, or a novelty in fancy-work, of no matter what (always provided it be really
good), may reckon confidently on universal encouragement. I have lately seen a
curious illustration of this fact. The owner of a pastry store invented a cake, dedicated
it to the Princess Mathilde, and he is making a rapid fortune. The Gâteau Mathilde
took at once. How many years would it have required elsewhere to give such a thing
the same celebrity?
This energy of admiration, which insures success to the deserving in every line, which
gives distinction to those who seek that recompense for their talents, and fortune to
those who labor for it, is one of those points which, I confess, I sincerely admire in the
Parisian character. Going into a fashionable shop at an hour when all the world is, or
is supposed to be, at dinner, I found only one of the young lady assistants, and she was
busily employed embroidering a handkerchief. On my taking it up and admiring it,
she observed: "Oh, that is very trifling, it is only for myself." I remarked, that it was
early to have finished business. "Oh, we have not done for the day; but Madame
always allows us half an hour for recreation after dinner, so I was amusing myself
with this work." I have noticed, too, in this as in many other shops in Paris, that chairs
or stools are placed on both sides of the counter, and that, when the customer is
seated, the demoiselle takes a seat also, before beginning to display her goods. This is
one of the French fashions that I should greatly like to see followed elsewhere.
Yours, very truly, V.

TO MORNING.

BY BLANCHE BENNAIRDE.

Thou beauteous morning, bringing us the Day,
Thou harbinger of good, thou child of joy,
Thou hope of the forlorn, for which they pray,
Thou consolation nothing can destroy!
Comfort thou givest to the heart in grief,
And blessed promise, pointing to the goal;
Thy voice is music, bringing sweet relief
To Night's pale mourners—to the suffering soul;
The lovely air is fragrant with thy breath;
Glad music greets our ear on every side,
For plants and trees awake from sleep like death,
And every hill, and vale, and forest wide,
Join now in sweet, harmonious, heavenly songs,
Praising His name, to whom all praise belongs.

LETTERS LEFT AT THE PASTRY-
COOK'S
BEING THE CLANDESTINE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN
KITTY CLOVER AT SCHOOL, AND HER "DEAR, DEAR FRIEND"
IN TOWN.

EDITED BY HORACE MATHEW.
[We intend giving a selection from these "spicy" Letters, chiefly for the purpose of
showing what the boarding-school system for girls is in England, and thus contrasting
the course of female education in that country with our own modes of instruction. The
Letters are doubtless somewhat exaggerated; but the caricature shows what the reality
must be. Some of the regulations and modes of teaching are worthy of note. We
should like to see the "drill and march" teaching introduced into our young ladies'
schools. This part of the English Girls' School training is never neglected. They are
taught to walk as sedulously as to dance.]

THE FIRST LETTER LEFT.
(Dated February 10th.)
SHOWING HOW KITTY WAS TAKEN TO SCHOOL BY HER "WICKED
MAMMA."
Oh! my darling Eleanor, it is all over!—and yet I live; but I have strong hopes of
dying before to-morrow morning. I feel that I can never exist within these hateful
walls, to be a wretched slave to Mrs. Rodwell's "maternal solicitude and intellectual
culture." What do I want with intellectual culture indeed? But I'm determined I won't
learn a bit—not a tinny-tiny bit!
I must tell you, dearest, that, before leaving home, I cried continually for at least three
weeks; but my tears made not the slightest impression on mamma's hard heart, which,
I am sure, must be stone. More than this, I starved myself during the last three days—
did not take one luncheon—even refused pudding; and at Mrs. St. Vitus's ball would
not dance, nor touch a thing at supper. But all in vain! No one seemed to care a pin
about it; and ma only appeared to take pleasure in my sufferings. The boys teased, and
made cruel jokes upon my misery; and that detestable Martha helped to get me ready
as cheerfully as if I—no, she—was going to be married. The last day I went into

hysterics; and looked so ill—with my red eyes and pale cheeks—that ma, to my great
joy, got frightened, and sent for Dr. Leech. But that cross old monster only dangled his
bunch of big seals, and said that I should be better at Turnham-green—a little change
of air would do me good! Much he knows about medicine! for, at the very moment he
was talking, I felt as if I must have fainted.
So in a cold drizzling rain—will you believe it, Nelly?—I was dragged into the
carriage (for pa had walked down to the office on foot, carrying his own blue bag,
purposely that ma might have the carriage), and propped up on each side with bags of
oranges, cakes, and goodies, to cheat me into the stupid notion, I really imagine, that I
was going to have a treat, in the same way that nurse always gives Julius his powders,
with lots of sugar on the top! Oh! my sweetest Eleanor, words cannot express the
wretchedness of your poor friend during that long ride! And yet Oates never did drive
so quickly; he seemed to be doing it on purpose—whipping the poor horse through
Hyde-Park as furiously as if we were trying to catch a mail-train, instead of going at
that delicious crawling pace which we have always been accustomed to by the side of
the Serpentine. Opposite Lord Holland's park the horse fell. Oh, how my heart beat, to
be sure! I thought he was killed at least, and that we should be obliged to return home;
but no such thing. He picked himself up as quietly as you would a pin, and the
carriage went on even faster than before.
But after all, Eleanor, what pained me most was mamma's and Martha's cold-hearted
conversation whilst I was in a corner suffering so much! They chatted as cheerfully
upon worldly nonsense as if we were going to a pantomime. I shall never forget their
cutting cruelty at such a moment as that; and to make matters worse, what with crying
and the rain, I felt as wet through as if I had been travelling along the submarine
telegraph, besides my tears spoiling my pretty puce-colored bonnet strings, which
were quite new that day.
At last we stopped before a large, cold-looking house, with walls pulled tight round it,
like the curtains of the four-poster when pa's ill in bed. It was all windows, with bars
here and there, and the plaster looked damp, and altogether it was much more like a
convent than a college; for I must tell you our school isn't called a "school" (for it
seems there are no schools for young ladies now-a-days), nor a "seminary," nor an
"academy," but it's a "college." I thought I should have fainted away, only I had the
cakes and oranges in my arms, and was afraid of dropping them down the area, when
Mrs. Rodwell took me upon her "maternal" knee, and began stroking me down and
calling me her "dear young friend," with whom she said "she should soon be on
excellent terms," (only I am sure we never shall, excepting the "excellent terms" pa
pays her), and she went on playing with me, Nelly, just as I have seen the great boa-
constrictor, at the Zoological Gardens, cuddle and play with the poor dear little rabbit,
before he devours it.

And now, dearest, mind you never mention what I am going to tell you; but all the
sentiment and fine talking and writing about a mother's love is nonsense! utter
nonsense! all a delightful sham!—for all the world, Nelly, like those delicious sweet
méringues at the pastry-cook's, which look like a feast, and only melt into a mouthful!
I am sure of it, Nelly, dear, or else how could they bear to make us so miserable?
looking quite happy whilst our poor hearts are breaking? sending us from our natural
homes, where we are so comfortable, to such miserable places as this "Princesses'
College?" and especially, too, when governesses now-a-days are so plentiful, and far
cheaper, I am told, than maids of all work! Why, it was only last Friday morning I
showed ma the most beautiful advertisement there was in the "Morning Post," all
about a governess offering to "teach English, French, German, Italian, Latin, the use
of globes, dancing, and crochet-work too, and drawing, painting, music, singing,
together with the art of making wax-flowers actually, and all for 21l. a year!" But ma
only patted me, and said she "should be ashamed to encourage such a terrible state of
things," or some such stupid stuff that put me in a passion to listen to. I am sure I shall
never believe ma loves me again, after throwing me from her dear fat arms into the
long thin claws of that awful Mrs. Rodwell! They opened and shut, and closed round
me, Nell, exactly like a lobster's!
Before I could escape, ma and Martha were gone, and I was left alone—all alone—in
this large dungeon of a place, with every door fast. Well, Nelly, you have been to
school—at least I suppose you have—so you can imagine how I was allowed to
remain in the schoolmistress's—no, our schoolmistress is called a "Lady Principal"—
in the Lady Principal's boudoir to compose myself; how I was treated to weak tea and
thin bread and butter with Mrs. R., and asked all the time all manner of questions that
made my cheeks burn with rage, about home, and about mamma and papa, until eight
o'clock came, and with it the permission to retire, as "bed would do my head good." I
was too glad to get released, if it was merely to indulge my grief, and cry myself to
sleep under the bedclothes!
But, law! if it was so uncomfortable in the boudoir (and such a boudoir, Nell!—a dark
closet with a handful of cinders for fire, and full of gimcracks, little pincushions,
lavender baskets, painted card-racks, and fire-screens, until it seemed furnished from a
fancy fair)—but if that was uncomfortable, I say, it was positively wretched in the
bedroom, with its six iron cramp-beds, three washing-basins, and one looking-glass!
Yes, Nelly, only one looking-glass amongst six young ladies! I never heard of such a
thing. And then the place was so, so very cold, that I am sure I shall have a red nose
and chilblains for the remainder of my life; but I hope, my dear, fond Nelly, you will
love me all the same!
Well, I cried myself to sleep, and it was a great comfort, I can assure you; and it
seemed still in the middle of the night, when a loud ringing in my ears frightened me
out of my sleep, and made me nearly fall out of bed. And, after that came a sharp,

barking voice, calling out—"Now, young ladies! are you going to breakfast in bed?"
and causing a general stretching, scuffling, and jumping up.
The cold glimmering dawn lighted only portions of the room, but I could see five
other girls creeping about, half asleep, quarreling for basins, engaging turns at the one
looking-glass, joking, grumbling, yawning, and laughing; whilst I, poor I, sat, hope-
forlorn, shivering, half with cold, and half with fear, on the edge of the bed. There, a
tall young lady, in a flannel dressing-gown, discovered me, and exclaimed: "Why,
here's the New Girl! I say, my young lady, you had better make haste; the second bell
will soon ring, and Miss Snapp will give you something to cry for if you're not ready."
Then they all came and stared at me (the rude things); and as I could not help crying,
one of them called out, "Oh! Oh! how affecting! Oh! Oh! Oh! OH!" ending at last in a
loud bellow, in which I joined in painful earnest; and then they left me, and went on
whispering, washing, combing, and lacing each other, until "Ding, ding, ding," went
the second bell, and at the first sound they all scampered away, some with their
dresses still unfastened, calling after others to come and hook them for them.
I never should have got finished myself, unless a mild, quiet-looking woman had
ventured to my assistance, and led me down stairs into the school-room, where I
nearly dropped upon feeling the stare of some fifty girls fall upon me all in a lump,
just like the water from a shower-bath after you have pulled the string. Oh, darling
Nelly! what would I have given for one familiar face that I knew, or to have had your
loving self by my side, so that I might have thrown my arms around your dear neck,
and have a good cry; for I am sure that a good cry does one, frequently, much more
good than a good laugh!
The buzzing, which had suddenly ceased on my appearance, began again with double
vehemence, making nearly as much noise as the water, when it's running into the
cistern at home. Amidst the hurried whispers, I could detect, "What a milksop!"
"Mammy's darling!" "She'll soon be broken in!" &c.; when the same dog-like voice
was heard to bark again, calling out above the uproar, "To your seats, young ladies!
Silence! Five forfeits for the first who speaks!"
In the lull which followed, I was seated by the side of my quiet conductress, and
permitted to write this letter to my dear, darling Eleanor, just to fill up my time before
breakfast, after which I am to be examined and classed according to what I know.
Oh, Nelly, I do so dread this day, and am so extremely wretched, thinking, all the
time, what they are doing at home, and how Martha is rejoicing that she has got her
sister away from home. But I must leave off, dearest; and I will promise you several
more letters (that is, of course, if I survive this day), in which I will tell you of
everything that occurs in this filthy school—-I mean college. That will be the only ray
of pleasure, Nelly, which will shoot in this dark dungeon through the captive heart of
your devoted, but wretchedly unhappy

Kitty Clover.
P. S.—Excuse haste and my dreadful scrawl.
P. S.—You will see I have forwarded this to the pastry-cook's in Tottenham-court-
road. Do not eat too many pink tarts, dear, when you call for it.
P. S.—We hear a great deal, Nelly, about the trials and troubles of the world, and of all
we have to go through, and about school being the happiest time of our lives; but they
seem to do all they can to make it miserable, and I don't believe any hardship on this
world is worse than going to school, and having to face fifty girls, all making fun of
the New Pupil.

CELESTIAL PHENOMENA.—JANUARY.

BY D. W. BELISLE.
There is no study that engages so little general attention as that of the planetary world.
Yet it is the oldest of all sciences, dating from the hour when, in obedience to the
command of Jehovah, "Let there be light," lo! the "God of day" arose with all its
brilliancy in the East, while the queen of night, with her myriads of starry attendants,
sank softly below the horizon in the West, and all, in their joy at the new creation,
sang together in their spheres.
The Chaldeans were the first to divide the starry hosts into constellations, and from
them it was introduced into Egypt by Abraham, who gave lectures on astronomy to
the Egyptians. From Egypt the Greeks received their knowledge of the hitherto to
them unknown science. When Babylon fell into the hands of Alexander, Calisthenes
found astronomical observations among the records, dating 1903 years before that
period, which carries us back to the time of the dispersion of mankind by the
confusion of tongues. Fifteen hundred years after this, the Babylonians sent to
Hezekiah to inquire about the shadows going back on the dial of Ahaz. From that
period up to the present time it is not difficult to trace the progress this science has
made, although sometimes obscured by fanaticism and superstition, which imprisoned
the dauntless Galileo for asserting a belief in the unerring laws that bind the whole
system of worlds in their spheres.
My object in these articles is not to show why a science that at once elevates and
refines the soul, by bringing it to dwell upon the works of Him whence every holy,
noble impulse springs that stirs the heart, is so much neglected, except by our
professors and astronomers, but to call attention to, and take a cursory view of the
most interesting constellations, commencing with Ursa Minor, or the Little Bear. This
constellation crosses the meridian in November, and does not properly belong to this
month, and is only adverted to here on account of the importance attached to its only
star of any magnitude, the Alruccaba of the Jews, the Cynosura of the Romans, and
our North Star. By this the mariner ploughs his track fearlessly from continent to
continent through the trackless ocean, launches into unknown seas, and, with his eye
on the star that never fails him, steers his bark among the icebergs which in the North
never yield to the sun, among the frowning peaks of which lurk the messengers of
destruction. By this the surveyor determines the boundaries of kingdoms, and by this
the Arab and Bedouin traverse their seas of burning sand.

"The Lesser Bear
Leads from the pole the lucid band: the stars
Which from this constellation faintly shine,
Twice twelve in number, only one beams forth
Conspicuous in high splendor, named by Greece
The Cynosure; by us the Polar Star."

The seven principal stars in this constellation form a reversed dipper, Cynosura being
the first of the three that constitute the handle. Of the four that constitute the bowl, one
of them is so small as to obscure the uniformity; still, it may be readily traced in a
clear night with the naked eye.
The mythological history of this constellation is that Juno, the imperious queen of
heaven, in a rage transformed Arcas, the son of the Nymph Calisto, into a bear; and,
afterwards repenting, by the favor of Jupiter, translated him to the skies, that he might
not be destroyed by the huntsman.

"Placed at the helm he sat, and marked the skies,
Nor closed in sleep his ever watchful eyes."

The Chinese claim that the Emperor Hong-ti, a grandson of Noah, first discovered and
applied to navigation the Polar Star. It is certain it was used for this purpose at a very
early day. Lacan, a Latin poet, who wrote about the time of the birth of our Saviour,
thus adverts to the practice of steering vessels by this star:—

"Unstable Tyre, now knit to firmer ground,
With Sidon for her purple shells renowned,
Safe in the Cynosure, their glittering guide,
With well-directed navies stem the tide."

This was over eighteen centuries ago, and still Cynosura is the "glittering guide" of
the mariner, and will be for ages yet to come. It guided nations who lived so long ago
that oblivion has swept their name and age from existence, as it does us at the present
time, and will guide other nations so far down the stream of time that the word
American will be without a meaning, if heard.
Sixty degrees south-west of the Polar Star may be seen Taurus, the first constellation
on the meridian the present month. For the space of two thousand years, Taurus was
the prince, the leader of the celestial hosts. Anterior to the time of Abraham, or more
than four thousand years ago, the vernal equinox took place, and the year opened
when the sun was in Taurus. Aries, or the Ram, succeeded next, and now the Fishes

lead the brilliant throng, and the once leader is the second sign and third constellation
in the zodiac. There are one hundred and forty-one visible stars comprised in this
constellation, among which are two beautiful clusters, known as the Pleiades and
Hyades. Six only of the Pleiades are visible to the naked eye; yet Dr. Hook, with a
twelve feet telescope, saw seventy-eight stars, and Rheita, with one of greater power,
counted two hundred in this small cluster, while still beyond is seen a faint hazy light,
which probably would resolve into stars could an instrument be made powerful
enough to overcome the distance that intervenes. All that has been, or ever can be
revealed by the aid of the most powerful telescope, is as nothing in comparison to
what

Beyond its reach still rolls,
In orbits like our own—
Worlds, on whose surface nature folds
Her dewy wings.

There is no finite mind which can trace the depth and breadth of immensity—

There is no eye but His alone
Can thread this deep abyss,
can tell how many worlds have gone
Before the dawn of this;
Or number all the worlds that yet
Our Maker in the void may set.

The Pleiades are so called from the Greek word pleein, to sail, and were in ancient
times used by the mariners of that nation to guide them in their course. Virgil, who
flourished twelve hundred years before the discovery of the magnetic needle, thus
alludes to it—

"Then first on seas the shallow alder swam;
Then sailors quartered heaven, and found a name
For every fixed and every wandering star—
The Pleiades, Hyades, and the Northern Car."

This cluster of stars is more familiarly known as the Seven Stars, and are sometimes
also called "The Virgins of Spring," because the sun enters it in the "season of
flowers," or about the 18th of May. He who placed them in the firmament alludes to it
when he demands "Canst thou bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades?"—i. e. can
you make the flowers bloom, or prevent them unfolding their buds in their season?

The Pleiades are situated in the shoulder of the Bull, and come to the meridian ten
minutes before nine o'clock on the evening of the first of this month.
The Hyades are situated 11° S. E. of the Pleiades, in the face of the Bull, and are so
arranged as to form the letter V. The most brilliant star in the constellation is on the
left, in the top of the letter, and called Aldebaran, from which the moon's distance is
computed. This star comes to the meridian at nine o'clock on the tenth of this month.
Fifteen and a half degrees E. N. E. of Aldebaran is a bright star, which marks the tip of
the southern horn, while eight degrees north a still brighter star indicates the tip of the
northern horn. This star also marks the foot of the Wagoner, and is called Auriga, and,
with Zeta in the southern horn and Aldebaran, forms a triangle.
According to Grecian mythology, Europa, a princess of Phœnicia, and daughter of
Agenor, with her female attendants, was gathering flowers in the meadows. The
princess was so beautiful that Jupiter became enamored of her, and, assuming the
shape of a milk white bull, mingled with the herds of Agenor; and, under this guise,
attracted the attention of the princess, who caressed the beautiful animal, and finally
ventured to sit upon his back. Jupiter took advantage of her situation, and retired with
her precipitately to the sea, crossed it, and arrived safely with her in Crete. Europe is
said to have derived its name from her. The Egyptians and Persians worship a deity
under this figure, and Belzoni found an embalmed bull among the ruins of Thebes.

Poetry.

TO THE NEW YEAR.

Thou, like the Phœnix born,
On this auspicious morn,
Dost take thy station in the circling years;
While stars sing o'er thy birth,
And waking sons of earth
Thy advent greet with hopeful smiles and tears.

We hail thee from afar,
Upon thy mystic car
Riding adown the whirlwind and the storm;
Thou com'st in regal state,
With power and strength elate,
And robed in mystery is thy youthful form.

The Old Year sleepeth sound,
With bay and ivy crowned,
The slain and slayer sleep in sweet accord;
Earth's treasured jewels bright
He gathered in his flight,
And garnered for the glory of his Lord.

How many beaming eyes
That joy to see thee rise,
Will lose their brightness and have passed away!
How many a beating heart,
Whose throbbings life impart,
Will throb its last before thy closing day!

Yet earth, so fair and bright,
Was made to glad the sight,
Else why Spring's blossoms that successive rise;
With all the rich perfume
Of Summer's leafy bloom;
The Autumn's gorgeous tints and glowing skies;

With Winter robed in white;
Each bringing new delight—
The season's changing scenes that never pall;
While yon o'erbending blue,
With bright eyes beaming through,
The Architect Divine stretched over all?

Then let us not complain;

Then let us not complain;
But, while we here remain,
Extract the honey and avoid the sting.
Why not, when thus we may
Make life a summer's day,
And let time steal away with noiseless wing?

Yea, let us do our best,
And leave to Heaven the rest,
Nor die a thousand deaths in fearing one;
If we but cheerful be,
Sorrow and care will flee,
And, rose-like, Time will fragrance leave when gone.

Then hail to thee, New Year,
In thine allotted sphere!
With song and welcome we our voices raise;
And may thy deeds so shine
That, through all coming time,
Millions shall, rising, join to hymn thy praise

And thou, our own loved land,
Maintain thy glorious stand,
A beacon light to penetrate earth's gloom!
And, when the year is spent,
May health and sweet content
In every home and heart serenely bloom!

ON THE PORCH OF THE CATARACT
HOUSE.

BY HELEN HAMILTON.

'Tis night upon the waters; but the hour
That bringeth silence unto all beside,
With the deep majesty of its repose,
Calms not the tumult of thy rushing tide,
Thou monarch cataract! thy mighty voice
Goes up to God from out the silent night,
And the wild waters, hurrying to thy grasp,
Rush madly onward 'neath the moon's pale light.

He who would visit Europe's ruined fanes
Must look upon them 'neath the stars of night;
The crowded city's haunts of noise and wealth
Are fittest to behold in noon's broad light;
The calm untroubled river best is seen
'Neath the soft glories of the day's decline;
And ocean's grandeur with the storm-wind dwells:
All seasons, all, Niagara, are thine.

Spring drops her crown of blossoms at thy feet;
And summer veils thy trees in deepest green;
And gorgeous autumn flings his richest robe
Of gold and crimson o'er the forest scene;
And winter comes in panoply of ice,
And loads with diamonds rock, and bush, and tree—
But all these seasons, bringing change to all,
Bring never change, Niagara, to thee!

Above thy mist-veiled brow the lightnings play,
Thy thunder answers back the heaven's roar,
But the wild storm adds no sublimity
Unto thy grandeur, changeless evermore.
The angry winds of winter can but raise
The misty veil that shrouds thine awful brow;
Vain is the Ice-king's might to chain thy waves,
Down rushing to the em'rald depths below.

Yet even to thee, Oh mighty cataract!
The time will come when thou shalt be no more;
When the deep anthem of thy thunder voice
Shall silent be beside the rocky shore;
When the bright rainbow, bending from the skies,
Shall seek in vain the brow she used to crown,
d h ll h

And thine own waves will sing thy requiem,
From lake to lake in fury rushing down.

A SKETCH.

BY "LEONORA."

It was evening, and midwinter;
Piped the wind on pinions fleet,
While with sharp, incessant rattle,
As of insect hordes at battle,
'Gainst the windows drove the sleet.

Cosily, in ample kitchen
Seated, were a busy group
Round a hearthstone swept most trimly,
While the flames rolled up the chimney,
Chimney broad and deep.

On the rug the sleepy house-dog
Lay, with muzzle on his paws;
In the corner purred grimalkin,
Who full oft had made the welkin
Ring with hideous noise.

Poring o'er the latest paper,
Quite absorbed, the father sat;
While a merry little urchin,
With some twigs and splinters birchen,
Built a tower upon his foot.

On a stand of gayest fabric
Hexagons and squares were piled,
And a bright-haired little maiden,
Scarce less fair than Eve in Aidenn,
At her patchwork toiled.

With her earnest eyes and loving
Bent upon the little band,
Sat a matron briskly knitting,
Shaping hose most trimly fitting,
With a patient hand.

Curled the smoke wreaths up the chimney,
While below the simmering pile,
Like a summer insect's droning,
Or the night winds stifled moaning,
Sounded all the while.

Mingling with the antique pattern

Mingling with the antique pattern
Of the paper on the walls,
Danced the curious shadows lightly,
While the flames burned dim or brightly,
Mounting up in wavy coils.

Sounded out the measured ticking
Of the clock against the wall;
Sat the boy, with blue eyes dancing,
At his father slyly glancing;
What would be his wonder fancying
When his tower should fall!

Thus went by the fleeting moments
At the farmer's happy home;
Kindly words of love were spoken,
Beaming glances gave sweet token
Of affections deep and warm.

Still without the storm kept raging,
Wailingly the blast swept by,
'Gainst the panes the sleet still driving,
Seemed for entrance vainly striving,
Emblem of the tempter's arrows,
Warded with their wedded sorrows,
From that lowly family.

"MY EXPERIENCE IN BABIES, SIR!"

Disrespectfully Dedicated to the Renowned Bachelor who wrote an Essay of
several pages on an Hour's Experience with a Baby.

BY MARY NEAL.

'Twas night, and all day long I'd strove
To soothe my little suffering dove.
Oh, whose beside a mother's love
Could rightly nurse a baby?
I laid me down to steal some rest,
Its head was pillowed on my breast;
In dreams, my husband's love still blessed
Me and my darling baby.

But soon its piteous moanings broke
My rest, and from my dreams I woke
To feel its pulse's feverish stroke,
My little suffering baby!
"And oh, how hot its little head!
Rise quick and get a light, dear Fred!
Something unusual, I'm afraid,
Is ailing our poor baby."

Slowly he rose, with sullen grace,
The light gleamed on his cloudy face—
"I never knew 'twas a (man's!) place
Before, to tend a baby!"
My pulses throbbed; a terror crept
Throughout my heart; and, while I wept,
This noble man lay down and slept,
And left me with my baby.

Oh, you, light-hearted, beauteous maid,
Whose greatest care's to curl and braid,
Far from life's lessons have you strayed.
If you ne'er think of babies!
Then learn from me, a matron staid,
For this alone was woman made,
After her sovereign lord's obeyed,
To nurse and tend the babies.

And Man, thou noblest work of God!
Thou, who canst never see the load
Thy wife sustains through life's rough road,
With thee and with her babies,
Go kneel upon thy mother's grave
And think—that every life she gave
d h h f l

Made her Death's victim or Life's slave;
Then love your wife—and babies!

And you, you musty bachelor,
Who could not watch a little flower,
And keep it tearless one short hour—
Poor victimized "wee" baby!—
Go hide your gray, diminished head
Within your mother's feather bed,
And ne'er through life may it be said
You have a wife or baby!

BE OF GOOD CHEER: IT IS I.

BY R. T. CONRAD.
"But when they saw him walking upon the sea, they supposed it had been a spirit,
and cried out. For they all saw him and were troubled. And immediately he
talked with them, and saith unto them, Be of good cheer: it is I; be not afraid."—
Mark vi. 49, 50.

They toiled—for night was round their bark;
The fierce winds tossed the white sea spray:
And, like the heavens, their hearts were dark,
For Jesus was away.
When, lo, a spirit! See it tread
The waves that wrestle with the sky!
They shrieked, appalled: but Jesus said—
"Be of good cheer: 'tis I!"

As o'er the little day of life
The gathering cloud advances slow;
And all above is storm and strife,
And darkness all below;
What heart but echoes back the shriek
Of nature from the tortured sky?
But hark! o'er all a whisper meek—
"Be of good cheer: 'tis I!"

Who here makes misery our mate?
Links love with death, and life with doom?
Sends fears e'en darker than our fate—
The shadows of the tomb?
The hand that smites is raised in love;
He seeks to save who bids us sigh:
Who! murmurer? Hark—'tis from above!
"Be of good cheer: 'tis I!"

When change on change, and ill on ill,
Have taught the trusting heart to doubt;
When earth grows dark as, faint and chill,
Hope after hope goes out;
E'en then, amid the gloom, a ray
Breaks brightly on the heavenward eye;
And Faith hears, o'er the desolate way,
"Be of good cheer: 'tis I!"

And when our weary race is run,
The toil, the task, the trial o'er;
And twilight gathers, dim and dun,
Upon life's wave-worn shore;
When struggling trust and lingering fear
Cast shadows o'er the filmy eye;
h h h h

What rapture then, that voice to hear:
"Be of good cheer: 'tis I!"

A PORTRAIT.

BY PAUL H. HAYNE.

The laughing Hours before her feet
Are strewing vernal roses,
And the voices in her soul are sweet
As music's mellowed closes;
All Hopes and Passions, heavenly-born,
In her have met together;
And Joy hath spread around her morn
A mist of golden weather.

As o'er her cheek of delicate dyes
The blooms of childhood hover,
So do the tranced and sinless eyes
All childhood's heart discover;
Full of a dreamy happiness,
With rainbow fancies laden,
Whose arch of promise leans to bless
Her spirit's beauteous Aidenn.

She is a being born to raise
Those undefiled emotions
That link us with our sunniest days,
And most sincere devotions:
In her we see, renewed and bright,
That phase of earthly story
Which glimmers in the morning light
Of God's exceeding glory.

Why, in a life of mortal cares,
Appear these heavenly faces?
Why, on the verge of darkened years,
These amaranthine graces?
'Tis but to cheer the soul that faints
With pure and blest evangels,
To prove if heaven is rich with saints,
That earth may have her angels.

Enough! 'tis not for me to pray
That on her life's sweet river,
The calmness of a virgin day
May rest, and rest forever;
I know a guardian genius stands
Beside those waters lowly,
dl b h lh d

And labors with immortal hands
To keep them pure and holy.

AN INCIDENT.

BY J. M. C.

Passing a bower, I looked within,
And lo! a little girl was there,
With rosy cheeks and dimpled chin,
Soft hazel eyes and golden hair.
The darling child was on her knees,
Her tiny hands were clasped in prayer,
Her ringlets fluttered in the breeze
And glistened round her forehead fair.
She seemed a being pure and bright,
Just come to earth from "realms of light;"
I treasured every word she said,
And this the orison she made:

"They tell me life is fraught with care,
That joy will fade when youth is flown,
And ills arise so hard to bear
I cannot tread life's maze alone.
Then, Heavenly Father, be my guide!
By thee be all my wants supplied!
To thee I turn, in thee confide!

"Watch o'er this little wayward heart,
Whose pulses beat so blithely now;
Ah, keep it pure and free from art,
And teach it to thy will to bow!
Father, Saviour, be its guide
When pleasures tempt or woes betide!
Beneath thy wing let me abide.

"As a young bird, untaught to fly,
Essays in vain aloft to soar
Without its parents' aid, so I
Thy help require, thy help implore,
To lead me in the heavenward way!
Oh, then, be thou my guide, my stay!
From the right path ne'er let me stray!"

TO CAROLINE IN HEAVEN.

BY ANNIE B. CLARE.

Thy feet have passed through the vale of the shadow,
Young, gifted, and beautiful, loving and loved;
With spirit immortal thou walkest the meadows,
By rivers that gladden the city of God!

Thou castest thy crown at the feet of the Saviour;
A fair smiling cherub is holding thy hand;
Together thou joinest the song of the ransomed,
Whose robes are washed white in the blood of the Lamb!

Dost see in that cherub thy guardian angel
Who was with thee below, and preceded thee there,
Who, lovely on earth, is more lovely in Heaven,
Who called thee impatient his glory to share?

Oh! fair gleams the marble in yonder sweet forest
Which the hand of affection hath placed o'er thy grave;
And constant the tribute of fresh blooming flowers
By friendship entwined, and over thee laid.

Oh! sweet is the song that the wild bird is singing,
And fair are the trees that wave over thy head,
And soft are the shadows that sunset is flinging
O'er thee and thy babe in thy low quiet bed.

Ever fresh in our hearts and remembrance are wrought
The scenes of thy life in beautiful story;
From the day that thou camest a joyous young bride,
Till called by thy Saviour, partaker of glory.

That life seems a dream we delight to recall,
So pure and so gentle thy sweet virtues shone;
The graces of earth and graces of heaven,
Like a mantle of beauty over thee thrown.

Thy fairy-like form is ever before us;
Thy cheek where the rose and the lily combined;
Thine eye of the dew-begemmed violet's color,
Beaming with purity, goodness, and mind!

How gloomy seemed earth of thy presence bereft!
How dark was the home by thy sunshine made gay!
How crushed was the heart of the mourner thou'st left,

How crushed was the heart of the mourner thou st left,
The light of his life thus taken away!

But bright gleams the path that thy dear feet have trod,
And light shone around thee through the dark river,
And joy was 'mongst angels in presence of God,
As they welcomed thee home forever and ever.

MY GRANDMOTHER'S STAND.

BY H. B. WILDMAN.

It may be, indeed, I am childless and vain,
But I love the old relic of antiquate form;
Like the surf-beaten vessel that furrows the main,
It hath struggled and weathered through many a storm!
Full well I remember it, when but a boy,
The spot where 'twas placed by that matronly hand;
And now I'm grown old, like a child with its toy,
I love the old relic—my Grandmother's stand.

'Tis a "long time ago," though briefly it seems,
Since I heard her dear lessons of virtue and truth;
Oh, oh! that the Past would return with its dreams,
And let me live over one day of my youth!
Then I should sit down in that old-fashioned room,
So simple, so artless, so rustically planned;
Then I should bring roses, and drink their perfume,
As they blushed in that vase on my Grandmother's stand.

Ah, well I remember the treasures it bore—
The book that our dear village parson laid there;
In fancy, I see the good man at the door,
In fancy, behold him, still bending in prayer.
That "old-fashioned Bible," I ne'er can forget,
That blessed old Book, with its holy command;
That "old-fashioned Bible," I see it there yet—
That dear blessed Book, on my Grandmother's stand.

Oh, the world it may boast of its beauty and art,
And Grandeur explore the dark depths of the tide;
But the Past, with its treasures, can gladden the heart
Far more than the perishing gildings of pride!
Then, away with your grandeur and arts that impose,
I'll praise the old relic with life's wasting sand;
I'll guard the dear treasure till life's latest close,
And bless when I'm dying my Grandmother's stand.

TO LAURA.—THE FRIEND.

BY BEATA.

Your letter, dearest Laura, a welcome found indeed;
Never fear to write whate'er you think, 'tis that I wish to read;
I agree with you, sweet cousin, that openness and truth
Can alone preserve to latest years the friendship of our youth.

Yes—let me bear it as I may, I would not hide from you
I have been sadly slighted by the fickle Harry Drew!
Since the ball, I saw him seldom before we left the town,
And though six months have here elapsed, he has not once been down.

But much we've seen of Argentrie, and I trust that I have gained
A friend, with whom I can forget the faithless one disdained;
And as he does not think me yet an "angel of the sky,"
To win his honest word of praise I own I sometimes try.

His knowledge is so very great, his statements are so clear;
Of life, its hopes and trials, with deepfelt awe I hear;
New views are spread before me, and I feel not all in vain—
Oh! never, never can I be a thoughtless child again.

My duties now present themselves, I scarce can tell you how;
I am sure I was unconscious they were left undone till now;
That though papa is fond of music, 'twas not for him I played,
Nor for his pleasure that I read, or the least exertion made.

But all that is changed at last, and when at close of day
He returns fatigued from business, I am never far away;
I will a better daughter henceforward to him prove,
And, where I have received so much, return at least my love.

And my gentle, tender mother, making each of us her care,
If I cannot quite remove her charge, I can lighten and can share;
I have assumed some trifling tasks she willingly resigned,
And looks upon me with such pride—ah, mother! ever kind.

Yet not alone a mentor is Mr. Argentrie,
In all our merry frolics he joins with heartfelt glee;
He is staying at the farm adjoining to Belleaire,
Though indeed I must confess he is very seldom there.

And when I wish to mount upon my pretty milk-white steed,
He is waiting to assist and escort me in my need;
And thus we two explore each lane, and every prospect round;

And thus we two explore each lane, and every prospect round;
I never such enjoyment in the balls with Harry found.

Come see us, dearest Laura, while "the bloom is on the rye,"
For summer with its glories will soon be hastening by.
My mother looks so beautiful, and Fan and Charles so gay,
I would that we at bright Belleaire the year entire might stay.
Come quickly, and enjoy with us our rural life serene,
And add another pleasure to your happy coz, Pauline.

To Charles Gavan Duffy, Esq., the gifted editor of the "Dublin Nation" newspaper, my
first literary patron and esteemed friend, I beg leave to dedicate these lines.

SONG TO C. G. D.

BY WILLIAM P. MULCHINOCK.

Beside the dark blue ocean
I wander free, I wander free,
And sweep with fond devotion
My lyre for thee, my lyre for thee;
And if the strain I waken
Have words of flame, have words of flame,
Whence bright hope may be taken—
From thee they came, from thee they came.

Mine eye was ever laden
With slavish tears, with slavish tears;
My heart, like timid maiden,
Was full of fears, was full of fears;
To tyrant mandates spoken
I meekly bowed, I meekly bowed;
Nor dreamed spells could be woken
To curb the proud, to curb the proud.

I knew not Ireland's glory,
Her woes or wrongs, her woes or wrongs;
I only heard the story
From Saxon tongues, from Saxon tongues;
And if, at times, in sorrow,
My heart would ope, my heart would ope,
I knew not where to borrow
One ray of hope, one ray of hope.

But soon thy fire fraught pages[1]
Allured my sight, allured my sight,
With lore from youthful sages
And poets bright, and poets bright;
The sweetest hope shone o'er me
With blessed ray, with blessed ray,
And visions bright before me
Passed night and day, passed night and day.

I mused by moor and mountain,
Upon the past, upon the past,
Until at Wisdom's fountain
I drank at last, I drank at last;
I learned to laugh at danger
Like hero brave, like hero brave—

I longed to meet the stranger
With naked glave, with naked glave.

By thee Truth's light was given
Unto the blind, to me the blind;
By thee the clouds were riven,
That dimmed the mind, that dimmed the mind;
And if the strain I waken
Have words of flame, have words of flame,
Whence bright hope may be taken,
From thee they came, from thee they came.[2]

SONNET.—LIGHT.

BY WM. ALEXANDER.

Where is thy dwelling place, all-pleasing Light?
Around Jehovah's everlasting throne,
Where, inaccessible, He sits alone,
'Mid joy supreme, ineffable delight.
Thy radiant face makes all wide Nature glad;
Hill, valley, rock, and river thou dost cheer,
And little birds make melody, if thou appear—
Deprived of thy fond presence, they are sad.
Thou art another synonym for life;
Thy smile is but the smile of Deity,
Whose glance fills ever overflowingly
The lamps of heaven, with golden beauty rife
Thy magic pencil paints the landscapes all;
Thy absence covers earth with pall funereal.

ODE FROM HORACE.

BY EDW. NEWTON VAN SANT.

Not the clamor of the ignoble crowd,
Not the threat'ning look of the tyrant proud,
Nor the fury with which Auster raves,
Wild king of the Adriatic waves;
Nor e'en the mighty arm of Jove,
Hurling his bolts through the vault above,
Can swerve the man of just intent
From that on which his mind is bent.
Nay, should the shattered heavens fall,
In crashing ruin blending all,
Still 'mid the gath'ring gloom of chaos drear,
He'd stand a stranger unto fear.

WORK-TABLE FOR JUVENILES.
"Well, my little daughter, I suppose you have been half afraid that I should not return
in time for your holiday. However, you see I am here, ready for our lesson, and I have
seen so many new and pretty things, that I hardly know which to choose for you to
do."
"Pray let it be something very easy, as well as pretty, dear mamma. I should like to
make a work-basket, or something of that sort, which would be useful."
"Then, indeed, my child, you will almost think me a conjurer; for I have brought you
all the necessary materials for making the prettiest thing of the sort that, I think, was
ever seen. Here they are! First, there is a frame of wire, then a little wadding, black
filet—which is, you know, the imitation netting of which you made your watch-
pockets—netting-silks, gimps, and satin ribbon. Besides these, there is a piece of
black satin, and some black sarsnet ribbon. You will require a little toile ciré, which I
dare say your work-box will furnish."
"But can you not give me any idea of the appearance of this basket, mamma? I never
feel as if I could do anything unless I had some notion of what it would be like when
completed."

MODEL WORK-BASKET.
"Here is a sketch for you, my dear, and though no drawing will faithfully represent the
extreme elegance of the basket, yet it will, as you say, give you a notion of the general
effect."

"It is, indeed, very pretty. I see the sides are transparent; they, I suppose, are made of
the filet."
"Yes; and you will begin by cutting a piece of the netting long and deep enough for
the four sides, as it is joined only at one of the corners. Take great care to cut it
accurately, or your flowers will not run evenly. It must be cut to appear in diamonds,
not in squares. Another piece will be required for the bottom of the basket. On these a
pattern must be darned in colored silks. I have drawn you one which will do nicely for
the sides."

DARNING PATTERNS.
"It is very small, is it not, mamma?"
"It is intended that one of these designs shall be seen in each compartment of the
basket. You will see that there are three on each side, and two at each end—ten
altogether—so that the pattern is to be repeated that number of times."
"How shall I manage to keep them at equal distances, mamma?"
"I think I should fold the length of netting into ten parts, and run a white thread to
mark each separate piece. Now you will require three colors for the darning; what will
you choose?"
"What do you think of sky-blue, with maize and scarlet? They would be very pretty,
would they not?"

"Very; but then all the trimmings must be in sky-blue, and as you want something
rather effective for candle-light, I would suggest that a rich crimson or scarlet would
be a better predominant color. With it you might have green and gold, or green and
blue."
"Green and blue form a mixture that I cannot fancy to be pretty, mamma. Do you like
the effect of it?"
"Not much; but it is very fashionable. The French introduce it into everything, and call
it préjugé vaincu, or, prejudice conquered."
"Well, I am afraid, mamma, that my prejudice is unconquerable; so if you please, we
will have maize and green in preference. How am I to use these colors?"
"Do the upper part of the design in scarlet, the lower in green, and the spots up the
centre, and between the designs, in maize. In darning, work half the design, from the
centre, leaning towards the right hand, and the other half towards the left."
"Am I to use the same pattern for the bottom of the basket?"
"Not in its present form; but if you repeat the design, reversed, from the lower part, so
as to leave the points for the ends, it will be very suitable. You may add a star or
diamond, or something very simple, to fill the spaces at the sides. When all the
darning is done, detach the card-board which forms the bottom, tack the wadding
down on one side of it, and cover it on this side with the black satin and netting, and
on the other with the black satin only. Now all the framework of the basket is to be
entirely covered with the narrow sarsnet ribbon I have given you for the purpose, the
short wires being covered, and the ends secured, before the handle, top, and bottom of
the frame are done. Stretch the netting which forms the sides very carefully on. Sew it
at the joint, and also at the edges of the net. Now quill the satin ribbon in the centre,
into a full and handsome plait; trim the handle with it. Sew the pasteboard bottom in,
and add the gimps round the top, while one only may be used for the lower part."
"I might easily add a cover, might I not, mamma?"
"You might, my dear; but in that case the basket should be lined with satin, of some
good color, and the piece of netting you did for the bottom would form the upper part
of the top. In the inner part of the cover you might then add a double-stitched ribbon
across, to hold scissors, stiletto, &c. But your basket, though more useful, perhaps,
would not be so light and elegant as it is at present."
"If you think so, mamma, we will have it so, and for once let well alone."

EMBROIDERY FOR PETTICOATS.

CHEMISETTES, SLEEVES, AND CAPS.

Fig. 1.
It will be noticed that we have adopted the excellent fashion of the "Moniteur," and
now give an undersleeve and chemisette to correspond. No French woman would be
guilty of wearing a collar of one style and sleeves of another, yet our countrywomen
constantly commit this breach of toilet etiquette.

Fig. 2.
Figs. 1 and 2 are one set, intended for winter wear, as will be seen from the close cuff
of the sleeve; it is composed of lace insertion and edging. The large square collar has
superseded the frills, bands, and even the deep-pointed mousquetaire of the past
season.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.
Figs. 3 and 4 are in excellent taste though of different styles. The chemisette and
sleeve are composed of Swiss muslin, insertion, and edging. They can be copied at a
very small expense, but will need particular care in clear-starching and ironing.

Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 is a breakfast cap of alternate Swiss muslin insertion, the frill and fall
surrounding the face; an old style reintroduced. Coques of ribbon separate it, and there
are strings of the same.

Fig. 6.
Fig. 6 has also an entire frill, though falling more behind the ear. It is relieved by
knots of ribbon. Either of them is suitable for a sick-room cap.

THE HORTENSE MANTELET AND THE VICTORIA.
(See Brown Plate in front of Book.)

THE HORTENSE MANTELET.
The form is round and exceedingly small. The body of the mantelet is of very rich
emerald green satin. The edge is cut out in large rounded points, bordered with three
rows of narrow black velvet, and on each of the points are fixed three ornaments of
cut black velvet in straight rows. The intervals between the satin points at the edge of
the mantelet are filled up by Brussels net, covered with rows of narrow black velvet.
The Brussels net is cut out in pointed vandykes, each vandyke being between the
rounded points of the satin. The whole is finished by a deep fall of black lace, set on
full. The neck of the mantelet is trimmed with rows of narrow black velvet, and cut
ornaments, the same as those on the points at the lower part.

THE VICTORIA.
This mantelet has received the name of Victoria in honor of the English queen, for
whom one after the same pattern has recently been made. The material is silk of a
peculiarly beautiful tint; fawn color with a tinge of gold. This is an entirely new color,
and is distinguished in Paris by the name of aurifère. The Victoria mantelet is round in
form, netting easily on the shoulders, but without hanging in fulness. The upper part
of the mantelet is trimmed with several rows of figured silt braid, of a bright groseille
color, edged with small points of gold. Attached to the lower row of braid is a deep
fringe of the color of the mantelet, having at intervals long tassels of groseille color.
At the back, between the shoulders, a bow of silk, having two rounded ends, finished
by groseille tassels, gives the effect of a hood. The mantelet is finished at the bottom
with rows of groseille colored braid, and fringe corresponding with that described in
the trimming of the upper part.

CHILD'S DRESS.

CHILD'S DRESS.

BRAIDING
ROUND DRESS.
This is a very pretty light dress for a little girl. The material used may either be a light
silk or French merino; the trimming a narrow silk braid, which, according to the taste
of the maker, may be extended down the body and round the sleeves.
The pattern of mantle, as given in the diagrams, is a pretty addition to the dress when
worn out of doors.

DESCRIPTION OF DIAGRAMS.
Fig. 1 represents the front of frock.
Fig. 2 the back of frock. Join a to a (Fig. 1), b to b, c to c.
Fig. 3.—Piece cut out for trimming down the front.
Fig. 4.—Piece to join at a to a (Fig. 3), to form trimming down the back.
Fig. 5.—Pattern of sleeve, the narrow part of which should fall on shoulder.
Fig. 6.—Front of mantle.
Fig. 7.—Back of mantle. Join a to a (Fig. 6), b to b.

DIAGRAMS FOR CHILD'S DRESS.
[See larger version]

THE HUNGARIAN CIRCLE.
(See Plate in front of Book.)
This admirable style of winter costume is pronounced par excellence among the
favorites of the season, recommending itself by its exceeding comfort, great simplicity
of adjustment, and its elegance of outline and exquisite proportions. Its tout ensemble
is absolutely charming.
It is indiscriminately formed of clothes or velvets, in all the prevailing colors, plain or
ornamented with embroideries, galoons, or, if of cloth, with velvet passementeries, or
other trimmings.
We have selected for illustration one composed of mode cloth, charmingly
embroidered in a chaste and unique design of intermingled branches. The back is
three-quarters circle for medium-sized persons, and thirty-three inches deep. It is
seamed down the back, and is cut bias.
This circular is sewn upon the under lower edge—about one inch from the edge—of a
yoke, which thus appears like a cape. This yoke is adjusted smoothly to the neck, but
is very slightly full upon the shoulders. It likewise is cut bias. Its depth at the back is
twelve inches, upon the shoulders eight, and in front to the points thirteen inches.
The circular is gathered into one wide and two narrow plaits where it joins the points,
which are similar to the tabs of a mantilla, and thus forms the appearance of sleeves.
The fronts are thirty-two inches from the neck to the bottom. A collar, four inches
deep at the back, where it is slightly pointed, completes the garment.
It has a bow upon the middle of the lower edge of the yoke, with streamers, and is
lined with taffeta in color to match.

TOILET COVER IN CROCHET.
The pattern consists of a handsome square, with a rich border on three sides. A
foundation chain of 400 stitches must be made, which will allow for a close square at
each edge of the toilet. To correspond with the edge, do one row of dc, before
beginning to work the pattern from the engraving.

Materials.—Twelve reels Messrs. W. Evans & Co.'s boar's-head crochet cotton,
No. 12.

The entire centre square is given, but not the whole of the front of the border. When
the centre of each row is reached, however, it will be very easy to work the remainder
backwards. The whole cover is done in square crochet. The border may be added all
round, if desired; but this form, being a perfect square, is not so suited for a toilet
table.
It may be trimmed either with fringe (done like that of the anti-macassars lately
given), or with a handsome crochet lace, several designs for which we have furnished
in various numbers.

EMBROIDERY FOR SHIRTS.

COTTAGE FURNITURE.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 is what is called a bed cupboard, with a shelf and top having two flaps.

Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a chiffonier pier-table for placing between windows.

EDITORS' TABLE.
"The Good Time Coming."—Coming! In our blessed land it has come. Are not the
means of happiness around us in inexhaustible profusion? All now needed is, that
human energies be engaged as earnestly in working up these materials, and using
these advantages for good, as men work for gold; and the wonderful, waited-for era is
here.
Have we not steam for a Pegasus, lightning for a postman, and the glorious sun for an
artist to help, or rather hurry onward, the work of improvement in all material things?
and free institutions, free schools, and a free press, to aid, or rather force, mental
development! and the open Bible, the Christian Sabbath, and the preached gospel to
enlighten the soul!
Nothing seems wanting but heavenward faith and human endeavor.
Women have much, very much to do in this work. Home is the centre of happiness;
the cradle of every heroic man is tended by woman's angel care; his soul bears the
impress of her kindly teachings, as the daguerreotype plate shows the kiss of the sun
in the picture it calls forth. Every mother should aim to make her son worthy of living
in the "good time," and then it will be.
Oh, but there are terrible evils to suffer—evils that will forever surround humanity—
poverty, pain, death! Can we have the "good time" on earth, while these inevitable
evils haunt us?
Death is not an evil to the good, but only the seal of eternal, unchangeable
blessedness. Poverty may be made the means of increased and exquisite happiness to
society, when the true principles of Christian charity, and brotherly love, and gratitude
are universally observed. Disease will lose most of its malignity when God's laws,
impressed on our physical nature, are understood and obeyed; and pain has been
mitigated, indeed, nearly annihilated, by the wonderful discovery of etherization,
which seems now providentially brought to the aid of suffering humanity, so that all
classes of mankind might find cause for rejoicing in the "good time." The aid of this
Lethean balm in banishing the horrors of the hospital, can hardly be over-estimated;
the merits of the discovery are yet but partially acknowledged; we must leave these
themes to the medical corps—but the good results on humanity our sex ought most
thankfully to acknowledge. This thought reminds us of a duty we owe our readers—an
introduction to the home of one who has most certainly done his part towards helping
on the "good time." The paper has been delayed for want of room; but it shall go in
now, as a fit tribute for the New Year.

Etherton Cottage—A Visit there.—Our readers will remember an engraving of this
beautiful cottage in our March number of last year. We gave then a slight sketch of the
discovery of Etherization, and of the struggles through which Dr. W. T. G. Morton had
fought his way onward to the completion of his great purpose; and how he had
proved, by the testimony of the most honored members of the Medical profession in
Massachusetts, his right to claim the discovery of the "Anæsthetic and pain-subduing
qualities of Sulphuric Ether." But great scientific discoverers, like great poets, are not
always as happy at home as they are celebrated abroad. Fame is not always, we are
sorry to say, synonymous with domestic felicity. Those who unite both, deserve
amaranths among their laurels, and both are deserved by the owner of Etherton
Cottage, as we think our lady friends will agree, when they go with us to that pleasant
home, where we had the pleasure of spending a day during our last summer tour in
New England.
West Needham, notwithstanding its poor prosaic name, is really a pretty, pastoral-
looking place, surrounded by low, wooded hills, protecting, as it were, the fine farms
and orchards, and the pleasant dwellings, everywhere seen in the valleys and on the
uplands around. In twenty minutes after leaving the bustle of Boston, if the cars make
good speed, you will reach this rural scene, where Nature still holds her quiet sway,
except when the steam-horse goes snorting and thundering by.
Here, in the heart of this still life, Doctor Morton, some seven years ago, selected an
uncultivated lot, covered with bushes, brambles, and rocks, and, by his own science
and taste, and the strong arm of Irish labor, he has formed a home of such finished
beauty as would seem to require, at least, in its gardens and grounds, a quarter of a
century to perfect. His grounds slope down to the railroad embankment; but a
plantation of young trees, and on the height above, thick groves, of a larger growth,
hide the buildings from view as the cars pass on this great route from Boston to the
West. From the station it is a pleasant drive through the shaded and winding way as
you ascend the rising grounds to the south. Suddenly turning a shoulder of the knoll,
Etherton Cottage is before you. The effect was fine, and what made the scene more
interesting to us was the presence of another cottage nestled near by, smaller but
equally pleasant-looking, where we knew Dr. Morton had settled his good parents.
Here they live as one household, and from the windows of Etherton Cottage may be
seen the dwelling of another member of the family, a sister, now happily married, for
whom the Doctor also cared.
We might give a long description of these pretty cottages and beautiful grounds, but
words are wasted to little purpose in landscape or architectural descriptions. So
leaving the walks, arbors, flowers, and fountains, we will introduce you at once to
Mrs. Morton, a lady whose attractions and merits we had heard much praised while in
Washington last winter. She is, indeed, one of those true women who seem born to
show that Solomon's old picture of a good wife and mother may now be realized. The
Doctor seems very fond and proud of her, as he may well be; and their children—the

eldest a girl of nine, the youngest a boy of three years, with a brother and sister
between—formed a lovely group of more interest to us than all the "superb views"
around. So we will just tell you, dear reader, of the family and their home pursuits, as
these were revealed to us during that interesting visit.
We should say here that Doctor Morton has relinquished his profession, and now
passes his summers entirely at this country residence, and his winters in Washington,
where he hopes soon to gain from Congress some reward for his great discovery of
Etherization. When this is granted, he intends visiting Europe, where he is urgently
invited by the savans of the Old World. It will be a triumph for Young America to send
forth a man so young, who has won such distinction. It seemed but a few years since
we first saw Willie Morton, a clerk in the publisher's office where our own magazine
was issued; and now we were his guest, in his own elegant dwelling, surrounded by
every requisite of happiness.
His country life is just what it should be, devoted to rural pursuits and filled up with
plans of home improvements. You only feel the presence of his inventive genius by its
active operation on the material world around. Not a word is heard of "chloroform" or
"ether" at Etherton Cottage; but various contrivances for obviating all defects or
difficulties in bringing his domain into the perfect order he has planned, meet you at
every turning, and all sorts of odd combinations appear, which, when understood, are
found to contribute to the beauty or utility of the whole. In short, everything useful is
made ornamental, and the ornamental is made useful.
Then the Doctor has a passion for surrounding himself with domestic animals. This
we like; it makes a country home more cheerful when dumb dependents on human
care share the abundance of God's blessings. So after dinner we went to the barn to
see the "pigs and poultry." This barn, fronting north, was quite a model structure, built
on the side of the sloping ground, combining, in its arrangements, rooms for the
gardener (an Englishman) and his family, and the barn proper, where the horse and
cow had what a young lady called "splendid accommodations." There was also a
coach-house and tool-room, a steam-engine room where fodder was cut up, and food
—that is, grain of several kinds—ground for the swine and poultry; also a furnace
where potatoes were steamed. The water was brought by hydraulic machinery from a
brook at the bottom of the grounds for use in the barn, and everything was managed
with scientific skill and order.
The arrangements for the poultry were very elaborate. Their rooms were the first floor
at the back or southern front of the barn; of course, half underground. This lower story
had a lattice-work front, and within Mrs. Biddy had every accommodation hen life
could desire. Into these apartments the troop were allowed to enter at evening through
a wicket opening in this southern front; but in the morning the poultry all passed out
into the north-eastern portion of the grounds allotted them, where was a pool of water
for the water-fowl, and a fine range for all. Still, the green field at the south, the

running brook, and the eventide meal made them all eager to rush in whenever the
gate between the two portions of their range was opened. It was this rush we went to
witness.
We stood in the main floor, near the southern or back door of the barn, which
overlooked the green field: the little gate opened, and such a screaming, crowing,
gabbling ensued, and such a flutter of wings, that for a few minutes it was nearly
deafening. A pair of Chinese geese led the way of this feathered community. These
geese, a present from the late statesman, Daniel Webster, to Dr. Morton, who prized
them accordingly, were entirely brown, of large size, carrying their heads very high,
and walking nearly upright; they sent forth shouts that made the air ring. They seemed
to consider themselves the Celestials, and all beside inferiors. Next, came a pair of
wild geese; one wing cut, and thus obliged to remain in the yard, they had become
quite tame; but still, their trumpet-call seemed to tell their love of freedom. These, too,
were brown, with black heads, and long lithe necks, that undulated like the motions of
a snake, with every movement. Very unlike these were the next pair of snow-white
Bremen geese, stout, fat, contented-looking creatures, only making the usual gabbling
of geese which are well to do in the world. Among the varieties of the duck genus
were several of the Poland species; snowy white, except the vermilion-colored spots
on the head, that look like red sealingwax plasters round the eyes. These ducks made a
terrible quackery. But the domestic fowl was the multitude: there appeared to be all
kinds and species, from the tall Shanghais, that seemed to stalk on stilts, to the little
boatlike creepers that move as if on castors. It was a queer sight, such an army of hens
and chickens, rushing hither and thither, to pick up the grain scattered for their supper.
And then the pride of the old peacock; he just entered with the rest, then spread his
heavy wings and flew up to the ridge-pole of the barn, where he sat alone in his glory.
It was, altogether, a pleasant sight.
But within the barn was a lovelier spectacle. From the centre beam hung a large rope,
its lower end passing through a circular board, about the size of a round tea-table; four
smaller ropes passed through holes near the edge of this round board, at equal
distances, and were united with the large rope several yards above, thus forming four
compartments, with the centre rope for a resting-place. In these snug spaces were
seated the four beautiful children, like birds in a nest, swinging every way in turn as
the little feet that first touched the floor gave impulse.
It was a lovely picture of childhood made happy by parental care for the amusements
of infancy. The father's genius had designed that swing to give pleasure, as it had
discovered the elixir for pain, by taking thought for others. With both Dr. Morton and
his amiable wife, the training of their little ones seemed the great subject of interest.
The children were well governed, this was easy to see, and thus a very important point
in their instruction was made sure. They were also made happy by every innocent and
healthful recreation. Their future destiny seemed the engrossing object of their

parents' minds; to bring up these little ones in the fear and love of the Lord, their most
earnest desire.
During the evening, the topic of education was the chief one discussed, and we parted
from this interesting family fully assured that the good old Puritan mode of uniting
faith in God with human endeavor was there understood and acted on. Miss Bremer
might find, at Etherton Cottage, a charming illustration of her "love-warmed homes in
America."

The Wives of England.—We are glad to see that attention has at length been called to
the sufferings and injuries of that unfortunate class, the women of the lower orders in
England. The recent murder of a woman by her husband, habitually given to beating
her in the most cruel manner, with other flagrant instances of similar brutality, have
called forth several warm remonstrances from the London press. During a recent
session of Parliament, a bill was passed, making such offences punishable by
lengthened imprisonment, but the law has been found inadequate. A late writer in the
"Morning Chronicle" calls loudly for corporeal punishment, and says: "We have
brutes, not men to deal with; the appeal must be made to the only sense they possess,
the sense of physical pain. The law can and must lay on the lash heavily; the terror of
the torture will soon restrain those on whom all other means have failed."
"The Times," in an indignant article on the same subject, dwells upon the indifference
and supineness of neighbors and bystanders, during these scenes of violence, and
ironically calls upon the draymen and carters of London, whose outraged virtue led
them to apply the lash to General Haynau for whipping women in far-off Hungary, to
stand by their own countrywomen. "If Lynch law is to prevail in England," says the
"Times," "let it not exclude the defence of Englishwomen."
Though no advocate for Lynch law, we cannot but marvel that, in the breasts of
Englishmen, that misdirected sense of justice which is at the bottom of all such illegal
acts, should be so entirely wanting; and, as the purpose of the "Times," in its appeal to
the draymen, is to arouse this feeling, and make a power of public opinion, we heartily
agree with it. We must, however, dissent from the writers in both of these journals,
when they advise recourse to corporeal punishment. You cannot lash a man into a
sense of his error; you but degrade and brutalize him the more. Let the axe be laid to
the root, begin with his moral nature. Educate him; elevate his character by teachings
from the pulpit and school-room; take away his disabilities; teach him to respect
himself, and he will soon learn to respect others. The hardened sinners who now
pollute the earth by such misdeeds will, ere long, be called to their great account. Let
England see that the generations now rising do not follow in their footsteps.

Our Friends.—A Happy New Year to all who are with us this glad morning. The Old
Year has passed away, and with it much that we loved is gone. Let us hope the coming
year will bring us many opportunities of doing good—and that God will assist our
feeble endeavors to improve the time as it passes. Then the Year will be happy indeed.

Editors' Table-Drawer.

Original and selected articles are before us in such profusion, as we open this
wonderfully capacious receptacle of scraps and MSS., that the difficulty will be to
stop when we once begin arranging this mosaic of literature. However, we have the
year before us, and every month will require its pictures and precepts. Here are a few.

Mystery.—In the beauty of form, or of moral character, or of the material creation, it
is that which is most veiled which is most beautiful. Valleys are the mysteries of
landscapes.—Lamartine.

Unjust Acquisition.—What do we mean by unjust acquisition? It is not to be
measured by its extent, but by its principle. Unjust acquisition is to take what is not
your own; and who does that more than one of those poor gin drinkers, who has sold
his morsel of bread to buy his own destruction, and then thinks another ought to be
forced to replace it?—Mrs. Marsh.

Eclectics.—Eclectics, in philosophy, are for the most part les demi-esprits, who are
incapable of viewing facts in their wholeness; just as the eclectics in politics are they
who want the honesty to be quite pure, and the courage to be quite rogues. Such
persons make systems from inconsistent scraps, taken from discordant philosophy,
with the same taste as the architects of the Middle Ages erected barbarous edifices
with the beautiful fragments of antiquity.—Lady Morgan.

Conversation.—There is scarcely any source of enjoyment more immediately
connected at once with the heart and with the mind, than that of listening to a sensible
and amiable woman when she converses in a melodious and well-regulated voice,
when her language and pronunciation are easy and correct, and when she knows how
to adapt her conversation to the characters and habits of those around her.—Mrs. Ellis.

Dreams of Youth.—Clouds weave the summer into the season of autumn; and youth
rises from dashed hopes into the stature of a man.
Well, it is even so, that the passionate dreams of youth break up and wither. Vanity
becomes tempered with wholesome pride, and passion yields to the riper judgment of
manhood; even as the August heats pass on and over into the genial glow of a
September sun. There is a strong growth in the struggles against mortified pride; and
then only does the youth get an ennobling consciousness of that manhood which is
dawning in him, when he has fairly surmounted those puny vexations which a
wounded vanity creates.
But God manages the seasons better than we; and in a day, or an hour perhaps, the
cloud will pass, and the heavens glow again upon our ungrateful heads.—Ik Marvel.

Right Preparation for Marriage.—We are thoroughly acquainted with each other's
character, tastes, and habits; and both of us believe there is a singular, even an
extraordinary degree of mutual adaptation in all our views, feelings, and wishes.
Perhaps I might have mentioned that my dear friend is about six years younger than
myself. Two months hence I shall be thirty-seven years of age. Our acquaintance has
now been as much as seven years, and our avowed engagement about five. I regret
that the union has been unavoidably deferred to so advanced a period of life; but I
never wish I had been married very young. I do feel grateful to Heaven for the
combination of valuable gifts I hope for in my beloved. Her conscience, intellect, and
tenderness are the chief. In her society and co-operation, I do indulge a sanguine hope
of improving in every respect, by a more quiet and pleasing manner than I have done
in a given space during all these past years of gloomy solitude.—John Foster.

We will now give an original poem, fresh from the pen of one whom, from the lack,
probably, of a "right preparation for marriage," does not seem to find her home—what
it should be—the place of improvement as well as happiness. She shall have free
space for her experiences. We hope her warnings may be heeded by all young lady
teachers, and that they will not leave a sphere where they are contentedly useful even
to be married, until sure, as good John Foster was, that there is a "mutual adaptation"
in the connection.

THE SCHOOL-MISTRESS MARRIED.
Oh, for my little school-room, my green benches, my two cracked bricks!!!

Now, girls, accept of a little advice,
"Experience teaches one how to be wise."
A year or two since, I would fall in love;
Of all men created, below or above,
There was never another.
A man so endowed with every perfection,
That even mamma no sort of objection
Could find to my lover.

We married, the horror of all to endure!
Somewhat of a hubbub was kicked up, be sure;
There was cake to be cut and evenly lie,
And white satin ribbon in bow knots to tie,
And notes to be written.
And dresses sent out and brought home,
And callers unwelcome would come,
And sit, and keep sitting.

The groom was, as usual, a little too late—
Procrastination, of all things, I hate!—
His cravat, then, was tied in a great crooked bow.
Our trunks must be packed, all ready to go—
I was no more a teacher.
Then, when in the cab, at last, ready were seated,
Lo! some one behind ran crying, o'erheated,
"You've not paid the preacher!"

Perplexities numberless, little and large,
Will crowd to o'erwhelm you with powerful surge;
Still, consider them naught, to a year and a day,
When you trit-trot the baby!
There's a concert perhaps, or some favorite play,
Or a party, where all your old playmates are gay;
"But, my dear, 'bout YOUR baby!

"Now, wifey, you know it to be impolite
That you and I, both, the invite should slight.
Alas! I'm a martyr to etiquette, though;
Pet must have vision enough to see so.
Don't wait for me, pray.
You know, love, how swiftly short hours pursue;
So sleep on quite comfortably, darling, pray do,
h b f d

I'm home before day."

Now, girls, these faint facts in time you may know,
And moan that in youth you did not bestow
More note on these lines, in sympathy penned
To advise you; and oh, you will need a friend!
For I know you will marry.
In confidence, listen: To market ne'er go,
For of all the small change an account you will owe;
And you'd die, if you knew what a bother to do
There'll be with your "Harry."

"Now always it has been a case of concern
What daily you do with the money I earn;
I reg'larly give you ten dollars a week,
And once in a while a dollar to keep
For baby and you.
Why, I never spend over a dollar for brandy,
Or little five franc for cigars or spice candy—
With all the week's money pray what do you do?"

Lily.

To Correspondents.—The following articles are accepted, and will appear as soon as
we have room: "The Interview," "Blessington's Choice," "The Last Night of
Caulaincourt," "Twilight," "O'er bleak Acadia's Plains," "To O. L. H.," "There's
Music," "Eventide," "Stanzas," "The Last Moments," "To a Coquette," "The Pet," and
"To the Ladies' Friend, Mr. Godey." Several other articles are under consideration.
"The Fall of the Leaf," and "Autumn and its Memories." Will our correspondents
please remember that we have to prepare our "Book" for each month at least two
months previous to its date? Both the above articles are accepted; but we cannot
publish them before March, when it will be the spring and not fall of the year.
The following manuscripts are declined: "Stanzas," "Elfie St. Claire," "To a Departed
Sister," "Absence is no Cure for Pure Love," "The Last Indian," "Autumn Leaves"
(this poem, intended for October, did not reach us till November, so was out of
season), "The New Year, 1854" (these "Lines" are not exactly suited to our "Book."
The writer's youth affords hope of improvement. The annuals for this season are all
out), "Hatred," "The Mistake," "Singing Schools," "Absence," "Pride," and "A
Fragment."

Literary Notices.

Books by Mail.—Now that the postage on printed matter is so low, we offer our
services to procure for our subscribers or others any of the books that we notice.
Information touching books will be cheerfully given by inclosing a stamp to pay
return postage.

From E. H. Butler & Co., Philadelphia:—
THE BOW IN THE CLOUD; or, Covenant of Mercy for the Afflicted, is the
appropriate title of a work which can hardly fail of a welcome to the homes and hearts
of the sorrowful. It is divided into five portions, viz., "Affliction," "Resignation,"
"Comfort," "Leaning on the Cloud," and "The Sleep in Jesus," each of which is most
skilfully and tenderly brought to bear on the particular kind of affliction under which
the burdened soul may complain. The articles, original and selected, are chosen and
prepared with great care, and the pious and eminent writers who have contributed to
this volume insure its excellence. It is beautifully printed and illustrated; no other
work of the kind within our knowledge unites such various merits.
THE WHITE VEIL: a Bridal Gift. By Mrs. Sarah Josepha Hale. This book is
beautifully got up, the publisher sparing no expense that could add to its
embellishment. The contents are varied, comprising choice articles from eminent
authors, and the sentiments of the wise and good of every age respecting marriage and
conjugal love. We hope it will be the favorite gift-book of the season, and be always
among the bride's treasures. pp. 324.
THE AMERICAN STATESMAN; or, Illustrations of the Life and Character of Daniel
Webster. Designed for American youth. By Joseph Banvard. There have been such a
variety of publications relating to Daniel Webster since his decease, that there hardly
seemed room for another. But this neat-looking and well printed volume will be a
welcome gift to the young American. There is room for this book, and a welcome, too.

From Harper & Brothers, New York, through Lindsay & Blakiston, Philadelphia:—
THE HOMES OF THE NEW WORLD, &c. By Frederika Bremer. Translated by
Mary Howitt. This work, hurriedly written during Miss Bremer's travels through our
country, is a compound of journal and letters to her sister and friends in Sweden. It
possesses much interest, but needed revision and condensation to make it what it

should have been from its popular author. The letter to the Queen of Denmark will be
read with deep interest. It is a synopsis of the opinions expressed throughout the book,
which, on the whole, are favorable, and in a better spirit than English tourists have
ever exhibited. We shall refer to the work again.
LOUIS XVII. His Life—his Sufferings—his Death. The Captivity of the Royal Family
in the Temple. By A. De Beauchesne. Translated and edited by W. Hazlitt, Esq.
Embellished with vignettes, autographs, and plans. Great care appears to have been
taken to sustain the horrible events recorded in this volume, by the production of
witnesses living at the time the work was written, and by the production of
documents, the authenticity of which seems unquestionable. After this, we think that
the Rev. Mr. Williams, and his credulous friends, will feel it to be their duty to
postpone indefinitely their claims upon the throne of France. We hope the reverend
gentleman, forgetting what appeared to be his high dignity and destiny, will throw
himself at the feet of his poor Indian mother and acknowledge his undutifulness, and
the scandal he has given by his vain attempts to repudiate her maternal authority.
LADY LEE'S WIDOWHOOD. From "Blackwood's Magazine." A cheap edition of a
very delightful story, with which many of our readers have, no doubt, already formed
some acquaintance.

THE YOUNG MAN'S INSTITUTE. We have here the Third Report of the Board of
Trustees, and great progress seems to have been made. One question that occurred to
us we could not solve by this report. Lectures are instituted. Are women permitted to
attend? And can women have access to the libraries?

MORRIS'S POETICAL WORKS. We have had the pleasure to receive, with the "kind
respects of the author," a copy of the beautiful edition of his poems recently published
by Charles Scribner, New York; splendid, indeed, in paper, in printing, in its
engravings and binding, but more admirable on account of its literary merits and its
poetical gems, in which are chastely blended the most attractive sentiments of love,
friendship, honor, and patriotism, enlivened here and there with a dash of wit, humor,
or wholesome satire. As a song-writer, Mr. Morris has but few competitors in this or
any other country. He possesses a peculiar faculty for expressing in heart-thrilling
versification those domestic and national feelings which are common to every race
and kindred of the civilized world. His productions, therefore, in that line of poetry,
have attained a popularity as warm as it is general among all who speak the English
language. They have also been translated into several languages of the European
continent, and have thus not only spread far and wide the reputation of the author, but
have contributed to perpetuate the fame of our country, and to extend the free spirit of
our people, and a knowledge of the liberality of our institutions to the remotest

nations. If it is true that the songs of a people form a prominent and reliable feature in
their history, then may it be as truly said that our friend Morris has done his share in
promoting the ends which all historians must necessarily keep in view. And as this
elegant volume, so creditable to American art, genius, and feeling, could only have
been produced by a heavy expenditure of time and money, we most sincerely hope
that the author, and all who have had any hand in its beautiful illustrations, will meet
with a quick and substantial reward for their patriotic labors.

From Lippincott, Grambo, & Co. (successors to Grigg & Elliot), No. 14 North Fourth
Street, Philadelphia:—
THE UNDERGROUND MAIL AGENT. By Vidi. Illustrated with designs by White.
This, as the reader will be most likely to judge from the title, is another of those works
which have been published in rapid succession, setting forth the advantages and the
disadvantages, the humanity and the inhumanity of a certain domestic institution. The
object of the author has been to contrast the condition of those who live subject to the
institution referred to, and to render its general aspects more favorable to their comfort
and happiness, than is the condition of the same race of beings in the enjoyment of
personal freedom. A tale of some interest, but of no great probability, is interwoven
with the main design of the author.

From J. S. Redfield, Clinton Hall, New York, through W. B. Zieber, Philadelphia:—
LIFE IN THE MISSION, THE CAMP, AND THE ZENANA; or, Six Years in India.
By Mrs. Colin Mackenzie. In two volumes. This is evidently the work of a woman of
good sense, amiable feelings, and acute observation, possessing, withal, a courageous
Christian heart. Her close and well-written narrative will afford the reader a vast deal
of instructive incident illustrative of varied life in India. Its minute descriptions of the
domestic habits and manners of the oppressed and idolatrous natives, its continued
references to the arduous duties of the missionaries, and its often indignant comments
upon the tyrannical forms and practices of the Anglo-Indian government, will most
fully command the attention of the reader to its close.

From Ticknor, Reed, & Fields, Boston, through W. P. Hazard, Philadelphia:—
MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE AND CHARACTER OF THE RIGHT HON. EDMUND
BURKE; with Specimens of his Poetry and Letters, and an estimate of his Genius and
Talents compared with those of his great Contemporaries. A new edition, revised and
enlarged. By Thomas Pryor, Esq. In two volumes. This is a standard work, which no
student of political history, no public speaker, no statesman should be without. The
subject of this interesting memoir, Edmund Burke, was one of the most eloquent,

liberal, just, and fearless men of the eventful times in which he lived. And yet he was
remarkable for his modesty and unobtrusiveness—we might almost say for the
humility of his character. On this account, if on no other, these volumes would form
an important and instructive study for many of the young men of the present day, who
are aspirants for literary, legal, or political honors. They will show to them how
consistently the highest attainments in any or all these branches can be made to secure
to their possessors the highest triumphs, without a single departure from the strictest
propriety, and while sustaining a reputation as guileless as that of childhood.
LIGHT ON THE DARK RIVER; or, Memorials of Mrs. Henrietta A. L. Hamlin,
Missionary in Turkey. By Margarette Woods Lawrence. In these memorials of a pious
and amiable missionary lady, the Christian reader will meet with consoling examples
of faith and resignation to the will of God under the severest trials and afflictions.

From Blanchard & Lea, Philadelphia:—
OUTLINES OF SCRIPTURE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY: illustrating the
Historical portions of the Old and New Testaments. Designed for the use of schools
and private reading. By Edward Hughes, F. R. A. S., F. R. G. S., Head Master of the
Royal Naval Lower School, Greenwich hospital; author of "Outlines of Physical
Geography," "An Atlas of Physical, Political, and Commercial Geography," etc. etc. It
will not be required of us by the observing Christian, who has read the title of this
work, that we should say more than that it is all it modestly pretends to be. To the
devout student of the Holy Scriptures it will impart a new and delightful interest. It
will at once strengthen his faith and enlarge the sphere of his knowledge, rendering
him familiar not only with the characters of the prophets and apostles, but familiar
also with their places of birth, of their places of residence, of the routes they travelled,
and of the scenes of their sufferings and triumphs. A great portion of the work is
formed of extracts from the writings of religious and literary men, who have visited
the interesting regions described, and in whose contemplations we have all the
beauties of the sublimest poetry blended with the simplest truths of Scripture history.

From D. Appleton & Co., New York, through C. G. Henderson & Co., Philadelphia:
—
THE LIFE OF WILLIAM PINKNEY. By his Nephew, the Rev. William Pinkney, D.
D. Here is a work that will at once recommend itself to the American student and the
general reader. If any good reason can be given why we should be familiar with the
orators and statesmen of Europe, there can certainly be no excuse for our ignorance in
regard to the same class of men whose names are an honor to our own country.
Among the illustrious men who were the contemporaries of Clay, Webster, Calhoun,
Marshall, and others, all of whom have passed away, was William Pinkney, the subject

of these memoirs. Perhaps no one among his great competitors exceeded him in
eloquence, and certainly none of them ever had greater opportunities of becoming
acquainted with the statesmen and the diplomatic policy of England and of Europe,
during one of the most eventful periods in history. This volume will be deeply
interesting to our young men.

From L. K. Lippincott, No. 66 South Third Street, Philadelphia:—
THE LITTLE PILGRIM. A Monthly Journal for Girls and Boys. Edited by Grace
Greenwood. This is the modest title of a neat and pleasant-looking periodical, which
has just entered upon its career of usefulness, under the editorial charge of one well
known to our readers. We are happy to see our fair friend engaged in an occupation so
congenial to her heart as that of providing for the literary wants of the little ones. That
Grace's reward may be commensurate with the worth and excellence of what she can
and will do is our heartfelt wish, and one which, if granted, will find her "Little
Pilgrim" a welcome visitant to every household in the land.
The terms of the "Little Pilgrim" are fifty cents a year, or ten copies for four dollars.
Payment invariably in advance.

From G. P. Putnam, New York, through W. B. Zieber, Philadelphia:—
MR. RUTHERFORD'S CHILDREN. This is the first number of a juvenile series, to
be published under the general title of "Ellen Montgomery's Book-Case." When we
state that it is from the pen of the author of "The Wide, Wide World," "Queechy," etc.,
our friends will require from us no other assurance of its merits. We are glad to see our
writers turning their attention to a better kind of literature for children. Books of this
class, even from authors of moderate abilities, are acceptable; but, when they bear the
impress of genius and talent, they are, indeed, invaluable. Under their influence, we
confidently hope the rising generation will grow up pure in morals, with noble and
affectionate hearts, and with minds well stored with things not brilliant only, but
useful and entertaining. The engravings in the volume by which these remarks have
been elicited are beautiful. The types with which it is printed are large and clear, and
the paper exquisite.
WESTERN CHARACTERS; or, Types of Border Life in the Western States. By J. L.
McConnell, author of "Talbot and Vernon," "The Glenns," etc. etc. With illustrations
by Darley. This is a highly entertaining volume, written in a clear, forcible, and
pleasant style, and valuable for the amount of interesting information it contains with
regard to characters, some of which, a century hence, perhaps, will have no living
representatives. As to the correctness of these "Types," we are not abundantly

qualified to speak; but they seem to us to be accurate, and certainly are delineated
with a skilful and vigorous hand.

From J. W. Moore, 195 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia:—
THE LIFE, EULOGY, AND GREAT ORATIONS OF DANIEL WEBSTER. We have
already noticed the appearance of this volume, and spoken favorably of its character.
It is sold wholesale and retail by the gentlemanly publisher, from whom we have
received our present copy.

From Eli Adams, Publisher, Davenport, Iowa:—
THE PENNY MAGAZINE, of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge.
American republication from the English plates. Volume 1. Semi-monthly Parts, 1, 2,
and 3. In this age, one is to be surprised only by something that is really surprising.
We confess we were not a little astonished by receiving, from what was lately the
backwoods, these finely printed numbers of a new edition of an old favorite. May
success attend the efforts of the enterprising publisher!

CHILDREN'S BOOKS FOR THE HOLIDAYS. Go to Henderson & Co., Corner of
Fifth and Arch Streets, and there you will find the handsomest assortment in the city.
They have sent us "Happy Days of Childhood," by Amy Meadows. It contains twenty-
four splendid full-page engravings—pictures, really handsome embellishments,
showing artistic skill and beauty, very different from those of any other house that we
have yet seen. We have also received from Messrs. H. & Co. two large quarto
Children's Books, each entitled "The Picture Pleasure Book for 1854," containing in
each number five hundred engravings, and all executed in the most masterly manner.
These are books that one feels gratified in presenting to children; they are
complimentary to the donor's taste. Call at Henderson & Co.'s and see their superb
assortment.

NOVELS, SERIALS, PAMPHLETS, &c.
From D. Appleton & Co., New York, through C. G. Henderson & Co., Philadelphia:
"All's not Gold that Glitters: or, the Young Californian." By Cousin Alice, author of
"No such word as Fail," "Contentment better than Wealth," etc. etc. If we did not
recollect a happy event which took place some months since, we might, indeed, feel
surprised at the accuracy with which Cousin Alice describes a voyage around Cape
Horn, as well as the condition and habits of the miners and other worthy citizens of
the gold regions. But, after all, our personal recollections have nothing to do with the

real merits of the book, which are, indeed, of the first order, morally, intellectually,
and in its vivid and truthful powers of description.—"Parley's Present for all Seasons."
By S. C. Goodrich, author of "Parley's Tales," etc. This is a handsomely illustrated
volume, containing twenty-five of Peter's pleasant tales for children.—"Busy
Moments of an Idle Woman." This volume comprises several excellent tales.
From Dewitt & Davenport, New York: "Helen Malgrave; or, the Jesuit Executorship:
being a Passage in the Life of a Seceder from Romanism." An Autobiography.—"The
Monk's Revenge: or, the Secret Enemy." A tale of the later Crusades. By Samuel
Spring, Esq.
From J. S. Redfield, Clinton Hall, New York, through W. B. Zieber, Philadelphia:
"The Blackwater Chronicle. A Narrative of an Expedition into the Land of Canaan, in
Randolph County, Va.—a country flowing with wild animals, such as Panthers, Bears,
Wolves, Elk, Deer, Otter, Badger, &c. &c., with innumerable Trout—by Five
Adventurous Gentlemen, without any aid of government, and solely upon their own
resources, in the Summer of 1851." By "the Clerk of Oxenforde." This book is mainly
descriptive of a romantic and beautiful section of country, the advantages of which are
imperfectly understood.
From Charles Scribner, New York, through A. Hart, Philadelphia: "Gustavus Lindorm;
or, 'Lead us not into Temptation.'" By Emilie F. Carlen, author of "One Year of
Wedlock," "The Bride of Ombery," etc. With a preface to her American readers by the
author. From the original Swedish, by Elbert Perce. This is a very interesting domestic
tale by a favorite author. The preface pays a handsome tribute to some of the best
American writers, while the work itself sustains throughout a high moral and religious
feeling.—"Tip-Top; or, a Noble Aim." A book for boys and girls. By Mrs. S. C.
Tuthill, author of "I'll be a Gentleman," "I'll be a Lady," etc. etc. This is a most
attractive little volume. The wholesome lessons it contains cannot fail to make a deep
and salutary lesson upon the minds of youthful readers.—"Sparing to Spend; or the
Loftons and Pinkertons." By T. S. Arthur. It has been truly said of Mr. Arthur, that he
never writes without an aim, and that always a good one. The high moral aim of the
present volume is "to exhibit the evils that flow from the too common lack of
prudence, self-denial, and economy in young people at the beginning of life; and also
to show, by contrast, the beneficial results of a wise restriction of the wants to the
means." No one will rise from the perusal of this naturally written story without
feeling himself strengthened in all good and honorable resolutions.—"The Little
Drummer; or, Filial Affection." A story of the Russian campaign. By Gustav Nieritz.
Translated from the German, by Mrs. H. E. Conant. This little work, which will
greatly interest the youthful reader, is from the pen of a favorite German author.
From T. B. Peterson, Philadelphia: "The Countess de Charny." We have received the
second and last volume of this charming work by Dumas. We would willingly have

three or four more volumes.—"Ten Thousand a Year." By the author of the "Diary of a
London Physician." In one volume complete. Price 50 cents.
From Bunce & Brother, New York, through T. B. Peterson, Philadelphia: "The Star
Chamber: an Historical Romance." By Wm. Harrison Ainsworth, author of "Old St.
Paul's," etc. etc.—"Jack Adams, the Mutineer." By Capt. Frederick Chamier, R. N.,
author of "The Spitfire," etc.
From Hermann J. Meyer, 164 William Street, New York: Nos. 3, 4, and 5 of "Meyer's
Monats Hefte," a beautifully printed and illustrated German magazine.—Parts 6 and 7,
Vol. 2, of "Meyer's Universum."—Parts 4 and 5 (East and West) of "The United States
Illustrated; or, Views of the City and Country." With descriptions and historical
articles. Edited by Charles A. Dana. This is a valuable publication, presenting some of
the finest views on the American continent, elegantly engraved by the first artists.
"Ladies' Winter Book of Crochet Patterns." Miss Annie T. Wilbur has issued a
pamphlet containing a large number of receipts for working crochet patterns. It is
published by Moses H. Sargent, of Newburyport, Mass. The explanations are very
minute, and Miss W. has herself worked every pattern that she has given in the book.

Chemistry for Youth.

Scintillations in the Atmosphere.—When a globule of sodium is thrown into hot
water, the decomposition is so violent that small particles of the metal are thrown out
of the water, and actually burn with scintillation and flame in passing through the
atmosphere.

A Lamp without a Flame.—Procure six or eight inches of platinum wire, about the
hundredth part of an inch in thickness, coil it round a small cylinder ten or twelve
times, then drop it on the flame of a spirit-lamp, so that part may touch the wick and
part remain above it. Light the lamp, and when it has burned a minute or two, put it
out; the wire will then be ignited, and continue so long as any spirit remains in the
lamp. Lamps manufactured on this principle are sold sometimes by the chemists.

Luminous Characters.—Take a piece of phosphorus and fix it firmly into a quill; with
this write any sentence or fanciful figure or character on a whitewashed wall, and in
the dark the characters will appear beautifully luminous. Care must be taken while

using the quill to dip it in a basin of cold water frequently, or the repeated friction will
cause it to inflame, to the manifest detriment of the operator.

Light produced from Sugar.—If two large pieces of sugar (loaf) are rubbed together
in the dark, a light blue flame, like lightning, will be emitted. The same effect is
produced when a piece of loaf sugar is struck with a hammer.

Green Fire.—Take of flowers of sulphur thirteen drachms, of nitrate of barytes
seventy-seven drachms, of oxymuriate of potash five, of metallic arsenic two, of
charcoal three. The nitrate of barytes should be well dried and powdered; it should
then be mixed with the other ingredients, all finely pulverized, and the whole
triturated until perfectly blended together. A little calamine may be occasionally
added, to make the mixture burn slower.

The Protean Light.—Soak a cotton wick in a strong solution of salt and water, dry it,
place it in a spirit lamp, and, when lighted, it will give a bright yellow light for a long
time. If you look through a piece of blue glass at the flame, it will lose all its yellow
light, and you will only perceive feeble violet rays. If before the blue glass, you place
a yellow glass, the lamp will be absolutely invisible, though a candle may be distinctly
seen through the same glasses.

Light from a Flower.—Hold a lighted candle to the flower of the fraxinella, and it
will dart forth little flashes of light. This beautiful appearance is caused by the
essential and inflammable oil contained in small vessels at the extremities of the
flower, which vessels burn at the approach of any inflamed body, setting at liberty the
essential oil, as that contained in orange-peel is discharged by pressure.

Brilliant Light from Steel.—Pour into a watch glass a little sulphuret of carbon, and
light it; hold in the flame a brush of steel wire, and it will burn beautifully. A watch-
spring may also be burnt in it.

Light from Flannel.—Shake flannel in the dark, and it will emit a light similar to that
produced from rubbing the back of a cat.

Godey's Arm-Chair.
Our January Number.—We have no hesitation in saying that this is, so far, the
handsomest number we have ever published, in all respects: reading matter, pictorial
illustrations, paper, and typography. We again are obliged to give new type, and in our
choice of that we think we have been very successful. It is large and clear, and will not
be so trying to the eyes as our former small type. It was manufactured for us by
Messrs. Collins & M'Leester, and is in every way worthy their established reputation.
We have said that this is our best number so far; but we do not mean to say that it is
the best number we intend to publish, we make no such promise. Time will show; but
if any magazine intends to come in competition with us, they must work harder than
we do to please a public that has ever been generous to us.

Our January number is a type of the year, with the exception of the engraved title-
page, which we always give in the first number. We do not commence with a large
number of pages and plates to catch subscribers, and then dwindle down to a shadow.
This thing is beginning to be understood by the public and the press. Hear what the
"Auburn Gazette" says on the subject:—
"Godey's Lady's Book.—The last number is, of course, better than the ladies
bargained for, for the veteran Godey not only does not do things miserly, but always
gives more than he promises. This is perhaps the great reason of his success and
popularity. We have seen January numbers of magazines that were really magnificent,
but by December their attractions have 'grown small by degrees and beautifully less.'
Godey's practice is the reverse of this. Excelsior! is his motto, and nobly does he work
up to it. Without saying more, we simply suggest that now is the time to form clubs
for the next year."
If we fall off in any respect from what we have stated above, we beg to be reminded
of it.

Our Title-page for 1854.—This is really one of the most beautiful engravings we
have ever published: "Time in search of Cupid." Here we have history, painting,
sculpture, music, love, flowers, a little buncomb in the shape of the American Flag,
and the portrait of a very worthy person, who has been the ladies' humble servant for
twenty-four years. Designed for the "Book" by Gilbert, of London.

The Pleiades.—This engraving was designed expressly for the "Lady's Book" by Wm.
Croome, Esq.: it recommends itself. May we say a word here about original designs?
We believe that we are the only publisher that has ever gone to the expense of having
original designs made for engraving. We have had more than one hundred original
designs made for our own use by such artists as Gilbert, of London, Darley,
Rothermel, Croome, Schussele, Waitt, and others.

Our Fashion Plate.—We challenge any one to produce anything that can be
compared to it this side of Louis Napoleon's dominions.

To the Ladies.—As the season has now arrived, will our lady subscribers please bear
in mind the appeal we made to them in our November number, 1853?
We must again remind our subscribers that they need not wait for collecting agents to
call, but please remit us at once for last year, and, at the same time, include the
subscription for 1854.

General Agency for Periodicals.—Many persons wishing to subscribe for different
publications do not like the trouble of writing several letters. This may be obviated by
sending the money to the subscriber, who will attend to all orders punctually, whether
for publications monthly or weekly in this city or elsewhere.
Any information asked for by any of our subscribers we will cheerfully give, if it is in
our power.
We will attend to purchasing any goods that may be desired, and will forward them at
the lowest market price.

Brodie, of 51 Canal St., New York, again shines in this number. His store is besieged
with customers, and he deserves his success.

Our New Department.—Drawing Lessons.—We recommend the simple method here
practised to parents. It is the simplest method of teaching drawing we have ever seen.

A lady writes us: "I find your patterns with diagrams how to cut dresses invaluable to
me. I have used every one, and have not failed in any one instance in getting a most
becoming garment."

It is well suggested by a lady subscriber that the interest of the "Lady's Book" does not
cease with the receipt of the numbers. She says that it is worth more to her when
bound as a book of reference for receipts and other matters than any Cyclopædia.

We wish it to be distinctly understood that our fashions are always in advance, so that
ladies in distant places can have their dresses made by our descriptions, and wear
them at the same time that they are worn in Philadelphia and New York.

"That's Enough."—So say we. If every one would only do as the editor of the
"Raleigh Age" has done, hand the "Lady's Book" to his wife—ah, bother! there it is
again, we are always forgetting that some of our friends are not so blessed;—well, if
they will only hand the "Book" to some female friend, they will all most likely say, as
the good wife of "The Age" says, "It is capital," and then the gentleman can add what
the editor, in this case, has done, "That's enough."

A young Miss, at a party, was observed once, when it was growing late in the evening,
to be getting quite uneasy; they had gone through a great many plays of different
kinds, but none of them seemed to suit her: at last, finding it impossible to conceal her
uneasiness any longer, she stepped up to the mistress of the house with "Please,
ma'am, when does the kissing commence?" We find from our exchanges that, in our
own case, it is about to commence with us now. Well, after waiting twenty-four years,
rather longer than the young lady had to wait, we can only say "Barcus is willing."
Henry Clay kissed his way from North to South, and from East to West; Godey can't
refuse—come on, come one, come all. The "Georgia Standard" says: "Mr. Godey, we
have a notion of getting up a $10 club, and see how many kisses we can collect for
you in the bargain. If we meet with any success (and, for your sake, we are quite
confident), we will send the money and retain the kisses, or retain them and send the
money, as you please."
Now it strikes us that this editor, in question, never says kisses for us, but is for
keeping them all to himself, something like the saying of the boys, "Heads I win, tails
you lose." We are content anyhow.

"Ah, she thinks that I forget her."—The ballad published in our December number
was presented to us by Messrs. Andrews & Co., the popular music sellers of Spring
Garden St., and is copyrighted, which we neglected to insert under the title.

Music from Andrews's Celebrated Depot, 66 Spring Garden St.—"Gems of the Ball-
room," as taught by Mr. and Mrs. Durang, among which will be found "Pop goes the
Weasel," the rage now in London, La Willicka; the gems consist of six pieces. We
have also received T. C. Andrews's collection of new and fashionable Polkas, Waltzes,
Schottisches, &c. "The Return to Philadelphia," a waltz, composed and dedicated to
Mr. Andrews by Louis S. D. Rees; "Morning and Evening," two new and beautiful
Polkas, composed by Mrs. Burtis.
We shall be happy to furnish our subscribers with any music from this establishment.

Peter Richings, Esq., and his Daughter.—We have been presented with an engraving
of the above, perfectly lifelike, reflecting great credit on the artists, Messrs. Wagner &
McGuigan. We understand that the success of Mr. R. and daughter has been very
great, and we beg leave to recommend them to our friends of the press wherever they
may go. They will find in Mr. Richings the perfect gentleman, a man whom we have
known for the last twenty years, and never heard a word uttered to his disparagement.

Lithography.—We fancy now that no improvement can be made in printing in colors
upon the beautiful specimen lately presented to us by Wm. D. Chillas, Bulletin
Buildings, South Third St. In the centre is the best head of Washington we have ever
seen, not a mass of yellow and red, but beautifully colored. On his right is a full-
length portrait of Liberty, and on his left, Fortitude. A beautiful representation of the
Crystal Palace is at the bottom of the picture, a city is seen at the top, in front of which
is a splendid full figure of the Genius of Liberty. We give but a faint description of the
plate; it must be seen to be appreciated. The colors are beautifully contrasted, and the
whole affair we pronounce decidedly the most splendid specimen of printing in colors
we have ever seen.

We see an article going the rounds of the papers that an old lady has had her third new
set of teeth. We see nothing remarkable in this except the expense. Our dentists here
charge some $200 for a new set of teeth.

Doctor, he has Done It.—A physician in this city tells the following story—not
without some regret on his part for the advice given:—
"A hard-working woman had a drunken husband, who, when partly sober, would get
the blues and endeavor to destroy himself by taking laudanum. Twice did the wife
ascertain that he had swallowed the destructive drug, and twice did the doctor restore
him. Upon the second restoration, the doctor addressed him as follows: "'You good-
for-nothing scoundrel, you don't want to kill yourself, you merely want to annoy your

The great coats hung in the vork-'ouse hall,
The vite 'ats shone on the vite-vashed vall;
And the paupers all were blithe and gay,
A-keepin' their Christmas 'oliday;
Ven the master he cried, vith a savage leer,
"You'll get soup for your Christmas cheer!"
Oh! the vork-'ouse boy!
Oh! the vork-'ouse boy!

At length all ov us to bed vas sent,
But a boy was missing—in search ve vent!
Ve sought him above, and ve sought him below,
And ve sought him vith faces of grief and vo!
Ve sought in each corner, each kettle, each pot—
In the vater-butt looked—but found him not!
And veeks rolled on, and ve all vere told
That the vork-'ouse boy had been burked and sold!
Oh! the vork-'ouse boy!
Oh! the vork-'ouse boy!

But ven the soup-coppers repair did need,
The copper-smith come, and there he seed
A dollop of bones lie grizzling there,
In a leg of the trowsers the boy did vear!
To gain his fill the lad did stoop,
And dreadful to tell, he vas b'iled into soup
And ve all ov us said, and ve said it vith sneers,
That he was pushed in by the hoverseers!
Oh! the vork-'ouse boy!
Oh! the vork-'ouse boy!

A cockney poet writes as follows:—

'Twas ever thus from childhood's hour,
That chilling fate has on me fell;
There always comes a soaking shower
When I hain't got no umberell!

We have given elsewhere in this number the Philosophy of Shopping. We now give an
article of an entirely different nature:—
Directions to Ladies for Shopping.—Shopping is the amusement of spending money
at shops. It is to a lady what sporting is to a gentleman; somewhat productive, and
very chargeable. Sport, however, involves the payment of one's own shot; shopping
may be managed by getting it paid for. Ride all the way till you come to the shopping-
ground in a coach if you can, in an omnibus if you must, lest you should be tired when
you get there. If you are a lady of fashion, do not get out of your carriage; and when
you stop before your milliner's, particularly if it is a cold, wet day, make one of the
young women come out to you, and, without a bonnet, in her thin shoes, stand on the
curbstone in the damp and mud. The best places for shopping are fashionable streets,
bazaars, and the like. Street-shopping principally relates to hosiery, drapery, and
jewellery of the richer sort. Bazaar and arcade shopping, to fancy articles, nicknacks,
and perfumery. In street-shopping, walk leisurely along, keeping a sharp lookout on
the windows. In bazaar-shopping, beat each stall separately. Many patterns, colors,
novelties, conveniences, and other articles will thus strike your eye, which you would
otherwise have never wanted or dreamed of. When you have marked down some dress
or riband, for instance, that you would like, go and inquire the price of it; haggle,
demur, examine, and, lastly, buy. You will then be asked "whether there is any other
article to-day?" Whether there is or not, let the shopman show you what wares he
pleases; you will very likely desire one or more of them. Whatever you think very
cheap, that buy, without reference to your need of it; it is a bargain. You will find, too,
as you go on, that one thing suggests another; as bonnets, ribands for trimming, or
flowers—and handkerchiefs, perfumery. In considering what more you want, try and
recollect what your acquaintances have got that you have not; or what you have seen
worn by strangers in going along. See if there is anything before you superior in any
respect to a similar thing which you have already; if so, get it instantly, not reflecting
whether your own will be well enough. You had better finish your streets before you
take your bazaars and arcades; for there the shopping, which one might otherwise call
cover-shopping, though excellent sport, refers mostly to articles of no manner of use;
and it may be as well to reserve toys and superfluities to the last. Married ladies, when
they have laid in all they want for themselves, are recommended to show their
thoughtfulness by purchasing some little trifle for their husbands, who, of course, will
have to pay for it in the end.

One of Them Gone.—No doubt spurred on by our articles on the subject. We wish the
happy couple much joy.
In Middleton, Logan Co., Ky., on Thursday evening, October 6th, by the Rev. James
B. Evans, Oscar C. Rhea, editor of the "Russelville Herald," to Miss Judith Grubbs,
daughter of Col. Thos. Grubbs.

Covers for Binding.—We have a beautiful cover suitable for binding twelve numbers
of the "Lady's Book." Price twenty-five cents.

The Trials of a Needle-woman.—We are unable to commence this very interesting
story until February, when a double portion of it will be given.

Orders for music, jewellery, patterns for dresses, children's wardrobes, dresses, dry-
goods, etc., will be promptly attended to.

Godey's Gallery of Splendid Engravings.—We have received the first number of this
truly attractive and valuable publication, which has been gotten up with unequalled
care and taste by L. A. Godey, Esq., the enterprising publisher of the "Lady's Book." It
embraces a large number of choice pictures by the first masters, and forms a real
treasury of beauty and art. The subjects are well chosen, and no lover of the beautiful
should be without the work.—Daily Evening Argus.

The Book of the Toilet.—There goes by our window this instant, as our pen indites
our thoughts, a new omnibus, gay as a rainbow, with the pleasant name of "Louis A.
Godey" painted on its delicate panels, and we now have the name of the far-famed
publisher of the "Lady's Book," Louis A. Godey, on the title-page of one of the most
dainty little volumes imaginable. Just the thing for a reticule or a vest pocket, and
containing a hundred charming recipes for the fair, which no one would ever have
thought of but such a capital lady's man as the gallant and courteous author of "The
Book for the Toilet."—Phila. Sat. Courier.

Christ Healing the Sick.—This splendid plate, containing fifty-two figures, the most
expensive and beautiful one ever given in a periodical, and the only time West's
celebrated painting has been engraved, we have printed on fine paper, of a size
suitable for framing, and will furnish a copy on receipt of fifty cents.

Friend Pioneer.—We do not object to the term old, we like it, especially when you
accompany it with such pleasant compliments. Look at our picture in this number, and
then say what you think of us. A man never feels old when he sees himself reproduced
in the youngsters around him.

The Boston Stage, by W. W. Clapp, Jr.—We neglected to state, in our last, that this
very entertaining book can be purchased at W. P. Hazard's, Chestnut St. above
Seventh.

A. R. Wriggs, the very able editor of the "Independent Winchester," Tenn., while in
this city, paid a visit to the printing-office of Messrs. Collins, the gentlemen who print
the "Lady's Book," and thus he discourses:—
"I next visited the large printing concern of Mr. Collins. I had but a faint idea before
of the extent of the printing business. Fourteen large steam presses are kept constantly
running, besides six hand-presses. I was politely shown through the rooms of this

immense concern by the foreman of the establishment, who took an interest in
explaining to me such things as I did not understand. Mr. Collins, the owner of this
establishment, was, but a few years ago, a poor journeyman printer. By indomitable
industry and perseverance he has arisen to his present position. He is now in the vigor
of life, and bids fair to enjoy a long and useful one. I spent an hour in the private
office of Mr. C., and when I left I felt that I had been benefited by his conversation.
He keeps a large card hanging conspicuously over his desk, requesting loafers to call
as seldom as possible, and make their visits as short as convenient. Business men, as
well as loafers, should make a note of this."

Rapp's Gold Pens.—We have received orders for more than one hundred of these
pens. We repeat the terms, and also our hearty assurance that they are the best gold
pens we have ever used. Price of pens, condor size, with a holder, $6; in a silver case,
$7; swan-quill size, with double extension silver cases, $4; goose-quill size, suitable
for ladies, with holders, as above, $3.
Subscribers will please remit direct to us, and we will act as your agents in procuring
and paying for other publications.

Arthur's Home Magazine.—We predict for this magazine a popularity never exceeded
in this country. It is the best and cheapest published this side of the Atlantic.—Herald,
Springfield, N. Y.
Mr. Arthur has succeeded in getting up, in our opinion, one of the best and cheapest
magazines of the day. We wish the talented editor and author success in his new
enterprise!—Cincinnati Daily Atlas.

Arthur's Home Gazette.—The "Church Review and Ecclesiastical Register,"
published at New Haven, Con., says: "Arthur's Home Gazette is the very best of the
literary weekly newspapers. Its moral tone is admirable."

We have a year's subscription ready for the author of the following, if we can ever
find out who it is:—
"The ladies are accused of extravagance in their dress and ornaments every day in the
week, by some brainless upstart, while the other sex is quite as liable to censure. Talk
of female extravagance! why, a fashionable cravat in these days sells for five dollars,
while the fall styles of velvet vests range from ten to twenty-five. And in the matter of
vest buttons, single sets sell for a hundred dollars and upwards. The jewellers have
styles at prices ranging from ten to twenty dollars a button, or from sixty to one

hundred and twenty dollars a set, and the price of a fashionable shirt at the Boston
clothing stores is twelve dollars. Female extravagance, indeed!"

There seems to be some contention among the New York editors upon the subject of
copying articles from magazines. We can only say: You cannot take up an English
periodical without finding in it an article from "Godey," under the general head of an
"American Tale."

The following notice was lately posted on a store in the upper part of North Fourth
Street: "Dis Stor is to rent Enquir in te Stor."

We find in looking over the English papers some queer advertisements:—
A tailor advertises gentlemen's clothing, and ends by saying: "A fit guaranteed." That
is just what we, in this country, would not like.
"M. D. G. acknowledges the receipt of one pound sterling from a friend."
"Messrs. W. have received the sum of one pound sterling from A. B. In remitting the
balance, Messrs. W. should feel obliged by having A. B.'s name and address."
"John, come. Do come, John."
"Betsey will have to wait. The old cook still hangs on."

A friend once gave us the following as an exemplification of patience: "To go to a
country tavern, order a chicken for dinner; then, seating yourself at the window, you
presently see the cook in full chase after the poor biddy. Then comes the reflection
that that chicken first (like Mrs. Glass's receipt for cooking a fish, 'First catch your
fish') has to be caught, next scalded to get the feathers off, then cleaned, and then
cooked; and then, if you have any appetite left, you may eat it."

Thrift.—A man wished a landlord to reduce his board, because he had had two teeth
extracted and could not eat so much.
The "American Union," published in Boston, is an elegant literary and national
newspaper, with a circulation of nearly 40,000 copies. It employs the most popular
American writers, and inserts no advertisements. All the stories are completed in a
single number, and are American in their character. It is, in fact, a paper for the
American people. A specimen will be sent to any person desiring it. The terms are $2

a year; 1 copy two years $3; 4 copies one year $6; 12 copies one year $15; and 20
copies one year $20. R. B. Fitts & Co., Publishers, Boston, Mass.

The Queen giving a Lesson to Ladies on their Bonnets.—The "Dublin Evening Mail"
has the following hit on bonnets: "We may mention, for the information of our fair
readers, that the queen wore a pink bonnet (on her visit to the Exhibition) which her
majesty wore on her head, be it remarked, and whose shape we wish we could induce
the milliners of the present day to adopt, instead of those absurd things which hang
half way down the backs of young ladies, giving a brazen expression to the fairest and
most delicate features, and an appearance of being high-shouldered to even graceful
figures."

One would naturally suppose that where there is an article that is pleasant and every
way agreeable, and costs but little, a great deal of it would be used. "Civility" costs
nothing, and yet how little of it is in use! We are reminded of this by the following
anecdote: When old Zachariah Fox, the great merchant, of Liverpool, was asked by
what means he contrived to realize so large a fortune as he possessed, his reply was—
"Friend, by one article alone, and in which thou mayest deal too, if thou pleasest—it is
civility."

"Those who have lost an infant are never, as it were, without an infant child. The other
children grow up to manhood and womanhood, and suffer all the changes of
mortality; but this one alone is rendered an immortal child, for death has arrested it
with its kindly harshness, and blessed it into an eternal image of youth and
innocence."

The "State of Matrimony" is one of the United States. It is bounded by a ring on one
side and a cradle on the other. The climate is sultry till you pass the tropics of
housekeeping, when squally weather sets in with such power as to keep all hands as
cool as cucumbers. For the principal roads leading to this interesting state, consult the
first pair of blue eyes you run against.

The modest maiden, the prudent wife, or the careful matron, are much more
serviceable in life than petticoated philosophers, blustering heroines, or virago queens.
She who makes her husband happy, and reclaims him from vice, is a much greater
character than ladies described in romance, whose whole occupation is to murder
mankind with shafts from their quiver or their eyes.—Goldsmith.

The Inventor of Ink.—The Chinese think that the inventor of ink was one of the
greatest men that ever lived; that he enjoys a blessed immortality, and is charged with
keeping an account of the manner in which all ink is used here below, and for every
abuse of it he records a black mark against the offender.

The words of the widow of Helvetius to Napoleon are worth remembering: "You
cannot conceive how much happiness can be found in three acres of land."
Some idea may be formed of the importance of perfumery as an article of commerce,
when it is stated that one of the large perfumers of Grasse, in France, employs
annually 80,000 lbs. of orange blossoms, 60,000 lbs. of cassia flowers, 54,000 lbs. of
rose-leaves, 32,000 lbs. of jessamine blossoms, 35,000 lbs. of violet flowers, 20,000
lbs. of tube roses, 16,000 lbs. of lilac flowers, besides rosemary, mint, lavender,
thyme, lemon, orange, and other odorous plants in like proportions.

To drive Rats from a House.—Let one of the juveniles commence a course of lessons
on the French horn.

Mrs. Partington wishes to know if Old Bull plays upon one of his own horns.

Punch inquires, "Did you ever see an actor who did not pronounce garden, 'giardin,'
and kind, 'kyind?'"
We once heard a now very celebrated actor say, "He jests at shyars (scars) who never
felt a wound."

PHILADELPHIA AGENCY.
"S. J. R."—Sent pattern of cloak on 11th, by mail.
"W. F. S."—Sent your Condor Pen on 11th, by mail.
"Miss A. M."—Sent your bonnet on the 8th, by Adams's Express.
"Mrs. P. H. G."—The curtains from Carryl's you will have received before this notice
reaches you. Only one change was necessary, which is an improvement.
"G. L. M."—The Talma and chemisettes were forwarded by Kinsly's Express on the
8th.

"Mrs. I. A. C."—Wrote about side-saddle on 31st.
"M. I. D."—Sent your cloak by Adams's Express on the 19th.
"J. P. I."—Your goods were sent from New York.
"New Lexington."—We acknowledge the receipt of a very pretty drawing from an
unknown correspondent at this place. He will please accept our thanks.
"J. H.," Dover, N. H.—We do not know the article. Perhaps a physician or apothecary
can give you the information. You do not mention in what number you saw the
receipt.
"W. S. P.," Cal.—Sent the wardrobe complete by Adams on the 4th, addressed to San
Francisco. Wrote you at Benecia, and inclosed receipt; also sent duplicate letter to San
Francisco.
"L. A. B."—Send the size of your neck, and we will send you the latest patterns for
collars from Griffith's.
"W. J. S."—Write under your proper name, and send a stamp to pay return postage.
"A. H."—We recommend the old establishment opposite State House.
"Mrs. O."—Sent you the artificial flowers on the 8th, both for bonnet and hair.
"H. E. B."—All embroideries are washed at the manufactories before they are offered
for sale. Their method of washing is their own secret. It will do no harm to wash them.
We cannot ascertain any other method of cleaning them. We will put your question to
our subscribers; perhaps some of them may favor us with a reply. Here it is:—
"Mr. Godey: After embroidering your beautiful patterns, we do not like the idea of
their being washed before use, as it gives them the appearance of having been worn.
The muslin embroidery we purchase is certainly cleaned without washing; and could
not Godey from his 'Arm-Chair' tell us how it is done, and greatly oblige one of his
subscribers?" H. E. B.
"J. S."—Price of pattern for cloak $1.
"L. M. O."—Have sent you the patterns of the wall paper by Adams. G. will come on
and put them up, simply charging his travelling expenses and loss of time.
"E. K. O."—Pattern and material will cost $3.
"Subscriber," Watertown, Miss.—Can send you patterns for boy's aprons for one
dollar. Very handsome ones.
"M. L. H."—Sent you two pairs of gaiter boots on the 18th, by Kinsly's Express.

The Borrower's Department.

The Connecticut "Rainbow" says: "Borrowers are informed that they cannot have
ours." And yet we will venture to say that the editor will have applicants to loan it.
The "Prairie Journal" says he is determined not to "make a circulating library of the
'Book' Godey kindly sends us."
The Arkansas "Southern Gem" asks a very natural question: "Why does not every one
take 'Godey?' Those who read ours shall pay fifty cents for it, and upon no other
terms."
What we Lose by Borrowers.—The "Eastern Times" says: "Will the publisher please
forward the first three numbers of the present year? We had the misfortune to lend
them." Of course, we sent them.

Enigmas.

ANSWERS TO ENIGMAS IN DECEMBER NUMBER.
13. Wren. 14. Water.
15. The letter U. 16. A card.

ENIGMAS.

1.
One side of every thing you see,
You often think and talk of me;
Yet though I clearly should proclaim
All that I am, and tell my name
Without disguise or round about,
Still you could never make me out.

2.
By wise men in the days of yore
I was accounted one of four;
But what our number is, of late
Learning has brought into debate.
The circuit of this globe I round;
Disdaining loftiest wall and mound.
Scarce felt or known, I always move
Within you, round you, and above;
Floating the earth and heaven between,
Am often heard but never seen;
Yet, though devoid of shape or size,
Grow thinner always as I rise.
By drawing me, you live and breathe;
If I withdraw, you sink in death.
I help to feed the plant and tree;
I serve the birds for sail and sea.
Without my passport to its flight
Your eye could not discern the light,
Nor to your ear would ever reach
The voice of music or of speech.
I am a gesture, a grimace,
A blemish oftener than a grace,
Except upon a favorite's face.
But many are the parts I play,
And oft the grave and oft the gay,
Am pure, am foul, am heavy, light,
Am safer in the day than night,
Upon the mountain keen and sharp,
But soft and sweet upon the harp.
The prince of demons by degree
Is for a season prince of me;

Is for a season prince of me;
But thence, too, he shall fall in time,
As once he fell from higher clime;
Meanwhile his lies of every hue
By taking me are passed for true.

3.
Of my first you'll perceive at a glance,
That I'm reckoned ill-meaning in France:
Which annexed with what's everywhere cold,
You'll a form as repulsive behold
As disfigures humanity's race,
Or could character taint with disgrace.

Receipts, &c.

Iron-Moulds in Paper.—When paper is disfigured with iron-moulds, it may be
restored by applying to the stained part a solution of sulphate of potash, and
afterwards a weak solution of oxalic acid. The sulphate attracts from the iron part of
its oxygen, and renders it soluble in the diluted acids. This is applicable to other
substances; but care must be taken to place the oxalic acid in a safe place, and to mark
the bottom containing it "poison."
Knives and Forks.—Handles of ebony should be cleaned with a soft cloth dipped in a
little sweet oil; and after resting awhile with the oil on them, let them be well wiped
with a clean towel. Ivory or bone handles ought to be washed with a soaped flannel
and lukewarm water, and then wiped with a dry towel. To preserve or restore their
whiteness, soak them occasionally in alum-water that has been boiled and then grown
cold. Let them lie for an hour in a vessel of this alum-water. Then take them out, and
brush them well with a small brush (a tooth-brush will do), and afterwards take a
clean linen towel, dip it in cold water, squeeze it out; and, while wet, wrap it round the
handles, leaving them in it to dry gradually—as, if dried too fast out of the alum-
water, they will be injured. If properly managed, this process will make them very
white.
Expelling Insects generally.—All insects dislike pennyroyal; the odor of it destroys
some and drives away others. At seasons when fresh green bunches of pennyroyal are
not to be obtained, get oil of pennyroyal, pour some into a saucer, and steep in it small
bits of wadding or raw cotton; lay them about in corners; closet-shelves, bureau-

drawers, boxes, and all places where you have seen cockroaches or ants, or wherever
they are likely to be found. If the insects do not speedily disappear, renew the cotton
and pennyroyal. It is also well to place some of them about the bedsteads, between the
sacking and the mattress. Bunches of pennyroyal are excellent for brushing off that
very annoying little insect, the seed tick.
How To Preserve Eggs.—Take a half inch board of any convenient length and
breadth, and pierce it as full of holes (each 1½ inches in diameter) as you can. A board
two feet and six inches in length, and one foot wide, has five dozen in it, say twelve
rows of five each. Then take four strips two inches broad, and nail them together
edgewise into a rectangular frame of the same size as your other board. Nail this board
upon the frame, and the work is done, unless you choose to nail a heading around the
top.
Put your eggs in this board as they come from the poultry house, the small ends down,
and they will keep good for six months, if you take the following precautions: Take
care that the eggs do not get wet, either in the nest or afterwards. Keep them in a cool
room in summer, and out of the reach of frost in winter. If two boards be kept, one can
be filling while the other is emptying.
To Cure Corns.—The cause of corns, and likewise the torture they occasion, is
simply friction; and to lessen the friction, you have only to use your toe as you do in
like circumstances a coach-wheel—lubricate it with some oily substance. The best and
cleanest thing to use is a little sweet oil, rubbed on the affected part (after the corn is
carefully pared) with the tip of the finger, which should be done on getting up in the
morning, and just before stepping into bed at night. In a few days the pain will
diminish, and in a few days more it will cease, when the nightly application may be
discontinued.
For Cure of Ringworm.—Take of subcarbonate of soda one drachm, which dissolve
in half a pint of vinegar. Wash the head every morning with soft soap, and apply the
lotion night and morning. One teaspoonful of sulphur and treacle should also be given
occasionally night and morning.

DOMESTIC RECEIPTS.
CUSTARDS, CREAMS, JELLIES, AND BLANC MANGE.
[First article.]
Custard is always eaten cold, and either poured over fruit tarts, or served up
separately in custard-cups, in each of which a macaroon steeped in wine, and laid at
the bottom, will be found a good addition. The flavoring may likewise be altered

according to taste, by using a different kind of essence, the name of which it then
acquires; as of lemon, orange, marashino, vanilla, &c. It is almost needless to say that
cream or a portion of it will make it richer than mere milk. It should be recollected
that in custard, when made as cream, and eaten as usually called "raw," the whites of
the eggs are never all used; but they may be devoted to many other purposes. The
French mode of making it is, to measure the number of cups which are to be filled,
and use nearly that quantity of milk or cream, simmering it upon the fire until
beginning to boil, then adding about half an ounce of powdered sugar to each cup,
with lemon-peel, bay-leaves, or almond-powder; then take the yolk of an egg to each
small cup, beat them up with the milk, fill the cups, place in a vase of boiling water
until the custards become firm.
Custard Cream.—Boil half a pint of new milk with a piece of lemon-peel, not very
large, a stick of cinnamon, and eight lumps of white sugar. Should cream be employed
instead of milk, there will be no occasion to strain it. Beat the yolks, say of four eggs;
strain the milk through coarse muslin, or a hair-sieve; then mix the eggs and milk very
gradually together, and simmer it gently on the fire, stirring it until it thickens, but
removing it the moment it begins to boil, or it will curdle. A cheap and excellent sort
is made by boiling three pints of new milk with a bit of lemon-peel, a bit of cinnamon,
two or three bay-leaves, and sweetening it. Meanwhile, rub down smooth a large
spoonful of rice-flour into a cup of cold milk, and mix with it four yolks of eggs well
beaten. Take a basin of the boiling milk, mix it with the cold, and pour that to the
boiling, stirring it one way till it begins to thicken, and is just going to boil up; then
pour it into a pan and stir it some time.
For rich Custard.—Boil a pint of milk with lemon-peel and cinnamon; mix a pint of
cream and the yolks of eight eggs, well beaten; when the milk tastes of the seasoning,
strain it and sweeten it enough for the whole; pour it into the cream, stirring it well;
then give the custard a simmer till of a proper thickness. Do not let it boil; stir the
whole time one way. Or:—Boil a pint of cream with some mace, cinnamon, and a
little lemon-peel; strain it, and when cold add to it the yolks of four and the whites of
two eggs, a little orange-flower water, and sugar to your taste. A little nutmeg and two
spoonfuls of sweet wine may be added, if approved. Mix well, and bake in cups.
Rice Custards.—Sweeten a pint of milk with loaf-sugar, boil it with a stick of
cinnamon, stir in sifted ground rice till quite thick. Take it off the fire; add the whites
of three eggs well beaten; stir it again over the fire for two or three minutes, then put it
into cups that have lain in cold water; do not wipe them. When cold, turn them out,
and put them into the dish in which they are to be served; pour round them a custard
made of the yolks of the eggs and a little more than half a pint of milk. Put on the top
a little red currant jelly, or raspberry jam. A pretty supper dish.
Orange Custard.—Boil very tender the rind of half a Seville orange; beat it in a
mortar to a paste; put to it a spoonful of the best brandy, the juice of a Seville orange,

four ounces of lump-sugar, and the yolks of four eggs. Beat all together for ten
minutes, and pour in by degrees a pint of boiling cream. Keep beating until the
mixture is cold; then put into custard-cups, and set them in a soup-dish of boiling
water; let them stand until thick, then put preserved orange-peel in slices, upon the
custard. Serve either hot or cold. Or:—Take the juice of twelve oranges, strain it, and
sweeten it well with pounded loaf-sugar, stir it over a slow fire till the sugar is
dissolved, taking off the scum as it rises; when nearly cold, add the yolks of twelve
eggs well beaten, and a pint of cream; stir it again over the fire till it thickens. Serve it
in a glass dish or in custard-cups.
Lemon Custard may be made in the same manner, or as follows: Strain three
wineglassfuls of lemon-juice through a sieve; beat nine eggs, yolks and whites, strain
them also, and add them to the lemon-juice, with one-quarter pound of powdered loaf-
sugar, a glass of white wine, and half a wineglass of water, with a little grated lemon-
peel. Mix all together, and put the ingredients into a sauce-pan on the fire, stirring it
until it becomes thick and of a proper consistence.
Almond Custard.—Boil in a pint of milk, or cream, two or three bitter almonds, a
stick of cinnamon, and a piece of lemon-peel pared thin, with eight or ten lumps of
sugar; let it simmer to extract the flavor, then strain it and stir it till cold. Beat the
yolks of six eggs, mix it with the milk, and stir the whole over a slow fire until of a
proper thickness, adding one ounce of sweet almonds, beaten fine in rose-water.
Plain Custard.—To one quart of cream or new milk, add a stick of cinnamon, four
bay leaves and some mace; boil them altogether a few minutes; then beat well twelve
eggs, sweeten them, and when the milk is cold, stir in the eggs, and bake or boil it till
of a proper consistency, and perfectly smooth. The spice can be omitted, and four or
five bitter almonds used in its place.

Centre-Table Gossip.
FEMALE ACCOMPLISHMENTS.
Not BY MRS. CHAPENE.
Letter-Writing.—We are very sorry to confess the humiliating fact that,
notwithstanding the number of editions of the "Complete Letter-Writer" that have
been issued, and the quantity of female seminaries scattered through the country, very
many of our sex are not elegant correspondents. We do not mean by this that they
spell incorrectly, fold awkwardly, or seal splashingly—this last has been in some
measure corrected by the introduction of self-secured envelopes; but, nevertheless, a
letter may have its round periods and distinctly marked paragraphs, yet be destitute of
the pith and marrow of a really agreeable epistle.
Letter-writing is generally complained of as a bore, or ridiculed as a school-girl
weakness, yet it is the medium of much pleasure and happiness, and, as such, should
always be a favorite occupation with our sex especially, who have ever been
distinguished as excelling in the art. If it is a bore to send kindly messages, to
interchange lively criticism upon popular music or reading, to record excellent or
earnest thoughts, the writer can have very little to say, and that little might as well be
left altogether, in nine cases out of ten. The tone of such a correspondent would be
frivolous, trifling, gossiping, and no doubt the shafts of mischief, intended or careless,
wing her words. We commend to such a lady the laconic and affectionate epistle of the
French wife to her husband, if so be she must needs write at all: "Je vous écris
parceque je n'ai rien à faire; je finis parceque je n'ai rien à dire. I write to you
because I have nothing to do; I finish because I have nothing to say." This would, at
least, be common honesty, and a harmless, if not satisfactory communication.
Letter-writing, in its happiest aspect, is, as we have said, a pleasant interchange of
thought, and may be made the medium of usefulness and happiness. If every idle word
we speak bears witness against us, every thoughtless sentence written must have
double weight. Spirited narratives of passing events, a summer day's tour, even of
domestic incidents, clever criticisms, or suggestions, hearty good wishes, or the
offering of sincere sympathy, these can never offend charity or good taste; but to write
because it is expected of us is a tiresome hypocrisy no one should feel bound to keep
up, out of which mischief to ourselves or others is almost sure to arise.

AMATEUR GARDENING.

A New Method for Hastening the Blowing of Bulbs.—The following liquid has
been used with great advantage for this purpose: Sulphate or nitrate of ammonia, four
ounces; nitrate of potash, two ounces; sugar, one ounce; hot water, one pint; dissolve
and keep it in a well-corked bottle. For use, put eight or ten drops of this liquid into
the water of a hyacinth glass, or jar, for bulbous-rooted plants, changing the water
every ten or twelve days. For flowering plants in pots, a few drops must be added to
the water employed to moisten them. Rain-water is preferable for this purpose.
City Gardens.—In winter, city gardens have generally a very gloomy appearance.
The greenhouse plants, which, during summer, made a brilliant show in the open
ground, have been blackened by frost, and present that appearance of ruined beauty
which it is always so painful to contemplate. In many gardens, the pelargoniums
(geraniums) and other greenhouse plants, which have stood out during the summer in
the open ground, are suffered to remain till they are quite killed by the frost, and are
then taken up and thrown on the waste heap to rot with the dead leaves, mowings of
grass, and other vegetable refuse, in order that, in due time, they may form vegetable
mould for other plants to grow in; but, in some cases, it is desirable to preserve the old
plants of the scarlet geraniums during the winter, in order to procure a finer display of
flowers early in the following season. When this is the case, the plants are taken up,
and the earth being shaken from their roots, they are laid in a dry, shady, airy place,
generally in the back shed of the greenhouse; or hung up with their heads downwards
for a week or ten days. Each plant should afterwards be carefully examined, and
cleansed from all decaying matter, and the branches pruned back to about four or five
buds or eyes, the roots being shortened accordingly; after which the plants should be
either potted in small pots, or laid in rows in a cellar with their roots covered with dry
sand. Where the cellar is not sufficiently dry, they may be put into a spare room,
passage, or shed, where the frost cannot penetrate, and where they are kept till spring.
At this season, if the frost will permit, the beds in city gardens may be dug over, that
the earth may be ameliorated by the influence of the air.

PARLOR WORK.
The pleasant old fashion of centre-table work has been revived, except in New York
City, perhaps, where, save in some secluded circles, every one seems bent on
disproving the preacher's proposition: "To everything there is a season, and a time to
every purpose under the heaven."
In the busy whirl of the metropolis, there is little leisure for domestic enjoyment. It is
not even known when sleeping is accomplished; and eating, at least the one
comfortable meal they allow themselves, is crowded between daylight and dark, at
"blind-man's holiday." But in Boston and Philadelphia, in all sober country towns and

villages, where pleasant society can be had, the work-basket makes its appearance
upon the round-table once more, and chit-chat is stimulated by busy hands.
Nice plain sewing, not so fine as to injure the eyes, nor so large as to encumber either
the workwoman or visitor, is always a graceful, womanly resource. It does not distract
the attention, and many wearisome stitches may be set unconsciously, thus lightening
hours devoted to real task work. We would not advise embroidery as an evening
occupation, for the reason that, in most cases, it is a strain upon the eyes, to be felt
sooner or later. Embroidery is, nevertheless, very fashionable just now; cotton
embroidery for infants' shirts and petticoats; for pocket-handkerchiefs, and the bands
and sleeves of underclothes. The patterns are, in general, points or scallops, enriched
with eyelets or dots in rows, stars or diamonds; sprays, light wreaths, and even the
elaborate work to be found at Bradbrook's, where a single garment, with an
embroidered yoke, is valued at $13, are also in use. Worsted embroidery is chiefly
used for flannels, sacques, and skirts, or blankets for infants. Silk is also chiefly
fashionable in the wardrobes of children, their dresses, tunics, sacques, and cloaks.
For older persons, it is nearly superseded by the use of broad braids, ribbons, and
galoons as trimmings.
Worsted knitting is a favorite and appropriate branch of parlor industry. Opera shawls
are very fashionable the present season, a plain centre, with a band of white, or some
contrast on the two sides, and a border of points or scallops in the principal color.
Rigolettes, or worsted caps, of every description, for evening wear, carriage boots,
half handkerchiefs or spencers, to be worn beneath cloaks and shawls, infants' shirts,
socks, sacques, and aprons, are included in the ample list. For many of these,
directions will be found in the "Lady's Book" from month to month, and novelties are
always in preparation for our centre-table circle. Crochet and ornamental netting,
slippers, chairs, and ottomans of worsted work, are still in vogue.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
"Miss J. H."—The yarn required is called Saxony, and comes numbered. For infants'
shirts, 60 is the best; that is, if you knit closely, and use moderately sized bone or
wooden needles; they stretch very much in washing. "Split zephyr" will not wash as
well, although it may look whiter and softer at first. They can also be made, if more
easily procured, from any fine domestic worsted or yarn, such as used to be saved in
New England for "best stockings." To wash an infant's knit shirt or robin requires
peculiar care.
Dip it in hot soapsuds, as hot as the hand can bear, and squeeze it out repeatedly.
Rinse in clear water of the same temperature. Then iron or press it; but, when nearly
dry, pull it into the required shape, taking great care to stretch it down, not crosswise,
or it will shrink in length so as to be useless. It will thus look like new again.

"Mrs. S. Lawton."—It is best, in teaching a servant to wait, to have her take all the
silver first upon a tray of convenient size. It saves from jar and breakage, and
scratches the silver less. For instance, in removing soup, she should take the spoon of
each person from the right, and then the plates can be piled smoothly and quickly
upon the tray in her second round. So of the knives and forks in the second remove.
The tray should then be cleared for the reception of the castors, salts, etc., which
should at once be set in the china closet, if convenient, as it is useless trouble and
exposure to breakage to have them placed upon the side-table, in the midst of china
and glass that has been used.
"Annie."—It is best to have the magazines bound at once; they are apt to get loaned
and spoiled, besides giving trouble in assorting, if kept over a year. It is safest to file
any magazine or paper intended for binding, just as soon as every one has read it. The
volumes can be done neatly for about seventy-five cents apiece.
"A Young Contributor" should bear in mind the oft-repeated rule that manuscripts
are to be written only on one side of the leaf. In all conversations, the remark of each
person must have separate and distinct quotation marks, and, in general, form a
separate paragraph. By attending to a few simple rules, she will be much more likely
to find favor in the sight of editors, who are accustomed to judge of the merit of an
article by the very style of a manuscript, the unpractised writer betraying him or
herself in minor points on the very first page.
"A Sufferer" should keep a list of all her books and magazines. It is never well to
trust too much to the honesty of acquaintances in the matter of books and umbrellas. A
bachelor friend of ours invariably inscribed his name in full on the margin of some
central chapter, with this Scriptural hint below: "The wicked borroweth and payeth not
again."
"Mrs. S." will receive her box in good season. The mitts were very hard to find, as
they are quite out of date, except for very old ladies.
"Mrs. T. M."—The shoes were noticed a year or more ago; they are black silk, quilted
in diamonds, the sole also lined with cotton wadding. For invalids or old persons, they
are the best shoes we know.
"Miss Eliza G.," of Macon.—The music is selected, and waits the promised
opportunity.

Fashions.

NOTICE TO LADY SUBSCRIBERS.
Having had frequent applications for the purchase of jewelry, millinery, etc., by ladies
living at a distance, the Editress of the Fashion Department will hereafter execute
commissions for any who may desire it, with the charge of a small percentage for the
time and research required. Bridal wardrobes, spring and autumn bonnets, dresses,
jewelry, bridal cards, cake-boxes, envelopes, etc. etc., will be chosen with a view to
economy, as well as taste; and boxes or packages forwarded by express to any part of
the country. For the last, distinct directions must be given.
Orders, accompanied by checks for the proposed expenditure, to be addressed to the
care of L. A. Godey, Esq., who will be responsible for the amount, and the early
execution of commissions.
No order will be attended to unless the money is first received.
Instructions to be as minute as is possible, accompanied by a note of the height,
complexion, and general style of the person, on which much depends in choice. Dress
goods from Levy's or Stewart's, bonnets from Miss Wharton's, jewelry from Bailey's,
Warden's, Philadelphia, or Tiffany's, New York, if requested.

DESCRIPTION OF STEEL FASHION PLATE FOR JANUARY.
Fig. 1st.—Dinner and carriage-dress, the skirt a light taffeta silk, with nine narrow
flounces, pinked on the edge. Body of a basque pattern, in royal purple velvet,
trimmed with a fall of black lace. Scarf of India pattern, in bright colors. White uncut
velvet bonnet, with fall and strings of embroidered ribbon. Small winter sun-shade, of
pale dove-colored silk. A carriage-cloak is thrown over the whole figure in the open
air.
Fig. 2d.—Dress for receiving New Year's calls. A white grounded silk, the skirt
elegantly woven with a pattern of full-blown roses and foliage in blue. Plain white
body and sleeves, finished with broad bands of blue embossed velvet. Pearl
ornaments. The hair slightly puffed, and dressed with lappets of blue and gold ribbon,
intermingled with golden leaves.

CHITCHAT UPON JANUARY FASHIONS.
We are constantly inquired of if there are no new styles for dressing the hair, and, in
response, give wood-cuts that have recently made their appearance in the fashionable
world abroad. They are very elaborate, perhaps too much so for ordinary everyday
use, where plain bands and twists are still in vogue. For parties, however, we give No.
1.

No. 1.
The front hair is parted horizontally on each side of the forehead into three distinct
divisions, each of which is turned back and forms a roll. These rouleaux may be made
either of the hair alone or by rolling it on small silk cushions, covered with hair-
colored silk. In front, they are divided by bandeaux of Roman pearls.

No. 2.
No. 2 is the same headdress at the back, the hair being entwined with the pearls very
low on the neck, and fastened by two pearl-headed pins, of an antique bodkin pattern.
No. 3 is still a different style, more in accordance with the taste of our grandmothers,
especially the small flat curls on the temples. A light plume is entwined with the
Grecian braid at the back of the head.

No. 3.
We give these, as we have said before, more from their novelty than grace. For
ordinary wear, plain bands on each side the temple, drawn out wide where the size and
shape of the head admit of it, are principally seen. The back hair is formed into a
French twist flat to the head, around which the rest is disposed in a close circle, either
twisted, roped, or braided, leaving the smooth twist displayed in the centre. "Roping"
the hair is done by dividing it in two equal parts, and twisting one over the other, a
kind of round braid, taking its name from the resemblance it bears when smoothly
managed to a hempen rope or cable.
Speaking of which reminds us that hair ornaments were never more worn than now.
Several very beautiful stands of designs have been on exhibition in the Crystal Palace,
some of them quite plain, suitable for mourning, others richly set with gold, enamel,
and even precious stones. Among the more costly we have described in our foreign
correspondence, is a set recently completed in Paris for a foreign princess. It consists
of a necklace, bracelet, and ear-rings. The hair is said to be that of a celebrated
Spanish beauty, very dark, and wrought into small globes resembling beads of various
size. These globes are transparent, and are wrought in a style of such exquisite
delicacy that they seem to be made of the finest lace. They are clustered together like
drooping bunches of grapes, and between each bunch there is a small tulip formed of
diamonds. The ear-rings consist of pendent drops, formed of hair beads, with tops
consisting of diamond tulips. Hair ornaments similar to these are made with pearls,
gold, or silver, in place of the diamonds; fortunately for people who like tasteful
jewelry, and are not foreign princesses.

Two bracelets, made for a wealthy English lady, are also described, and, as there is a
mania for this description of ornaments, we copy it for those ordering hair-work from
a distance, or who are curious in these matters. One, made of very fair, soft, glossy
hair, is in the form of a serpent, having the rings on its back, distinctly marked by a
peculiar method of plaiting the hair. This serpent is represented as creeping gracefully
on a long reed leaf, made of green enamel in natural shades, the head being studded
with emeralds. The other bracelet consists of a flat band, formed of plaited hair of
various shades, and the shades so disposed as to intersect each other transversely,
forming a kind of chequered pattern. Five medallions are affixed to this band, each
opening by a spring in the manner of a watch-case, and within are a name and date, or
any inscription appropriate to those whose tresses have formed the memento. For
plain bracelets, there is the round elastic band, fastened by a broad gold band or link,
to which is attached a single medallion, inclosing hair too short to be braided. Two of
these bands, twisted or roped together, make a heavier bracelet. There is another,
inclosing a steel spring, having the head or tail of a serpent in gold, and thus appearing
to coil about the wrist; a common device, but one we do not much fancy. Brooches are
made in the form of knots, bows, clasps, etc. Plain flat rings, with a gold band just
wide enough for initials, or fastened by a tiny gold knot or buckle, are great favorites,
and make a simple, tasteful love-token. Pendents for bracelets or brooches, in every
shape, are worn, and tipped with gold, lyres, harps, baskets, acorns, etc. etc., all of
fairy-like delicacy and proportions. Ear-rings in globes, as described above, acorns,
harps, baskets, etc., are also worn. The Swiss style, once thought so tasteful—flat
flowers, feathers, landscapes, and funeral urns, pictured on a white ground, and set as
cameos—are almost entirely out of date.
The changes of the present month in outside garments are by no means important.
More furs are seen of the usual variety, from ermine and sable down to the equally
comfortable Siberian or gray squirrel and fitch. The tippets are giving place almost
entirely to the large round capes of twenty years ago; muffs are still small, and cuffs
worn as much as ever. Velvet and cloth circular, or Talma cloaks, are again in favor, of
several new varieties in trimming. Some of them consist of two and three capes, one
above the other, like the horseman's cloak capes, once so fashionable for gentlemen.
The favorite trimming which has replaced the narrow velvet ribbons of last year is
broad satin galoon of different patterns. Beaver bonnets for children, at Oakford's and
Genin's, are trimmed principally with satin bands and plaited satin ribbons, making a
glossy contrast. We consider beaver as most suitable for the little people. Satin and
velvet are the favorite materials for ladies' hats, and close plumes will be worn as
much as ever, feathers being used in inside trimming for the brim, mixed with knots of
ribbon.

DESCRIPTION OF CHILDREN'S DRESSES.

(See Cuts in front of Book.)
No. 1.—Boy's skirt and jacket of dark cashmere, the latter open, with a front in
imitation of a vest, of pale buff kerseymere. Plain linen collar and undersleeves, with a
small ribbon necktie.
No. 2.—Street coat of dark green pelisse cloth, trimmed with velvet to correspond,
suitable for a boy from three to six years old.
No. 3.—Little girl's dress, with basque and tunic skirt, trimmed with scalloped frills of
the same material. Short pantalettes, with narrow tucks.
No. 4.—Dress and loose sacque jacket, of embroidered fawn-colored cashmere; the
sleeves have a deep cuff, and, for cold weather, a plain plaited muslin chemisette may
be worn to protect the neck. Fashion.

The Toilet.

Milk of Almonds is used to bathe the face, and is made thus: Bruise some sweet
almonds in a mortar, and add water by slow degrees, in the proportion of a pint to
twenty or thirty almonds; put to this a piece of sugar, to prevent the separation of the
oil from the water, rubbing assiduously. Pass the whole through a flannel, and perfume
it with orange-flower water.
Tooth Powder.—Mix together equal parts of powdered chalk and charcoal, and add a
small quantity of Castile soap. These produce a powder which will keep the teeth
beautifully white.
A Cooling Wash for the Hands and Face.—A correspondent writes: "The following
has been used in my family some years: An equal quantity of ammonia and soap
liniment, one teaspoonful in the water."
Warts.—These are got rid of in various ways. Some tie a thread round their base; but
a better plan is to have a piece of thick paper, with a hole cut in it, the size of the wart;
this is put over the wart, and then every morning a drop or two of the strongest acetic
acid should be dropped through the hole upon the wart. If this do not succeed,
dropping oil of vitriol (sulphuric acid) in the same way will answer.
How to make Transparent Soap.—Equal parts of tallow soap, made perfectly dry, and
spirits of wine, are to be put into a copper still, which is plunged into a water-bath,
and furnished with its capital and refrigeratory. The heat applied to effect the solution
should be as slight as possible, to avoid evaporating too much of the alcohol. The

solution being effected, it must be suffered to settle; and, after a few hours repose, the
clear supernatant liquid is drawn off into tin frames of the form desired for the cakes
of soap. These bars do not acquire their proper degree of transparency till after a few
weeks' exposure to dry air. The soap is colored with strong alcoholic solution of ochre
for the rose tint, and turmeric for the deep yellow.
To make Court-plaster.—Stretch tightly some thin black or flesh-colored silk in a
wooden frame, securing it with packthread or small tacks. Then go all over it with a
soft bristle brush, dipped in dissolved isinglass or strong gum-arabic water. Give it
two or three coats, letting it dry between each. Then go several times over it with
white of egg.
To clean Foul Sponge.—When very foul, wash them in dilute tartaric acid, rinsing
them afterwards in water: it will make them very soft and white. Be careful to dilute
the acid well.
To keep Silk.—Silk articles should not be kept folded in white paper, as the chloride
of lime used in bleaching the paper will probably impair the color of the silk. Brown
or blue paper is better—the yellowish smooth India paper is best of all. Silk intended
for a dress should not be kept in the house long before it is made up, as lying in the
folds will have a tendency to impair its durability by causing it to cut or split,
particularly if the silk has been thickened by gum. We knew an instance of a very
elegant and costly thread-lace veil being found on its arrival from France cut into
squares (and therefore destroyed) by being folded over a pasteboard card. A white
satin dress should be pinned up in blue paper, with coarse brown paper outside, sewed
together at the edges.

THE LATEST FASHIONS.
[See larger version]

FOOTNOTES:
[1] The "Nation" newspaper, a short time after its establishment, was styled by that first of
critics and most literal of translators—John Gibson Lockhart—"a startling phenomenon"!
[2] Complete sets of the "Nation" sell to this day for no less a sum than $30, or £6 sterling.

Transcriber notes:
Music. First line, flat in bass moved to correct position.
Line 6, fixed flat position (no changed determined).

P. 8. 'fill' changed to 'will'.
P. 10. 'market' changed to 'marked'.
P. 28. 'May be,' on another copy.
P. 34. 'surburban' changed to 'suburban'.
P. 39. Bottom of page 39. 'Next draw'.
P. 40. text is 'ones all round'.
P. 44. 'smtiten' changed to 'smitten'.
P. 48. 'the had' changed to 'she had'.
P. 48. 'determin d' changed to 'determined'.
P. 53. 'Khorsabad' changed to 'Khorsobad'.
P. 69. Illustration 'Fig.' is Fig. 1.', changed.
P. 87. 'oxgyen' changed to 'oxygen'.
Fixed various punctuation.

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