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Title: Notes and Queries, Number 185, May 14, 1853

Author: Various

Editor: George Bell

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND
QUERIES, NUMBER 185, MAY 14, 1853 ***

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS,
ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

Price Fourpence.
No. 185. Saturday, May 14, 1853. Stamped Edition
5d.

CONTENTS.

Notes:— Page

English Books of Emblems, by the Rev. Thomas Corser 469

Author of Tract on "Advantages of the East India Trade, 1720, 8vo.,"
471
by James Crossley

"Ake" and "Ache," by Thomas Keightley 472

Localities mentioned in Anglo-Saxon Charters, by B. Williams 473

Inedited Letter 473

A Shaksperian Book 474

Minor Notes:—Shakspeare's Monument—Archbishop Leighton and
Pope: Curious Coincidence Of Thought and Expression—Grant of 475
Slaves—Sealing-wax

Queries:—

Walmer Castle, by C. Waymor 475

Scotchmen in Poland, by Peter Cunningham 475

Bishop Juxon and Walton's Polyglott Bible 476

Minor Queries:—Was Andrew Marvell poisoned?—Anonymous
Pamphlet by Dr. Wallis—Mrs. Cobb's Diary—Compass Flower—
Nuns of the Hotel Dieu— Purlieu—Jennings Family—Latimer's
Brothers-in-Law—Autobiographical Sketch—Schonbornerus— 476
Symbol of Globe and Cross—Booth Family—Ennui—Bankruptcy
Records—Golden Bees—The Grindstone Oak—Hogarth—Adamsons
of Perth—Cursitor Barons of the Exchequer—Syriac Scriptures

Replies:—

Psalmanazar, by Rev. Dr. Maitland 479

Consecrated Roses, &c., by William J. Thoms 480

Campbell's Imitations 481

"The Hanover Rat" 481

Font Inscriptions 482

Irish Rhymes: English Provincialisms: Lowland Scotch 483

Pictures by Hogarth 484

Photographic Correspondence:—Washing Collodion Process—
Colouring Collodion Pictures—Wanted, a simple Test for a good 484
Lens—Photographic Tent: Restoration of Faded NegativesLatimer's

Replies To Minor Queries:—Gibbon's Library—Robert Drury—
Grub Street Journal—Wives of Ecclesiastics—Blanco White—
Captain Ayloff—General Monk and the University of Cambridge—
The Ribston Pippin—Cross and Pile—Ellis Walker—Blackguard—
Talleyrand—Lord King and Sclater—"Beware the Cat"—"Bis dat qui 485
cito dat"—High Spirits a Presage of Evil—Colonel Thomas Walcott
—Wood of the Cross: Mistletoe—Irish Office for Prisoners—Andries
de Græff: Portraits at Brickwall House—"Qui facit per alium, facit
per se"—Christian Names—Lamech's War-song—Traitor's Ford

Miscellaneous:—

Notes on Books, &c. 489

Books and Odd Volumes wanted 490

Notices to Correspondents 490

Advertisements 490

Notes.
ENGLISH BOOKS OF EMBLEMS.

It is a remarkable circumstance that whilst the emblems of Alciatus Vent
through almost innumerable editions, and were translated into most of the
continental languages, no version of these Emblems should ever have been
printed in this country, although we believe that MS. translations of them
are in existence. It is remarkable also that more than half century should
have elapsed after their appearance, before any English publication on this
subject should have been committed to the press. Our English authors of
Books of Emblems were not only late in their appearance, but are few in
number, and in their embellishments not very original, the plates being for
the most part mere copies of those already published abroad by Herman
Hugo, Rollenhagius, and others. The notices of the English writers on this
entertaining subject are also but meagre and imperfect, and restricted to a
very few works; both Dibdin, in his slight and rapid sketch on Books of
Emblems in the Bibliogr. Decam., vol. i. p. 254., and the writer in the
Retrosp. Rev., vol. ix. p. 123., having confined their remarks to some one or
two of the leading writers only, Arwaker, Peacham, Quarles, Whitney, and
Wither. With the exception of an occasional article in the Bibl. Ang. Poet.,
Cens. Liter. Restituta, and similar bibliographical volumes, we are not
aware that any other notice has been taken of this particular branch of our
literature[1], nor does there exist, that we know of, any complete, separate,
and distinct catalogue of such works.

Being anxious, therefore, to obtain a correct account of what may be termed
the English Series of Books of Emblems, I inclose a list of all those in my
own possession, and of the titles of such others as I have been able to
collect; and I shall be glad if any of your readers can make any additions to
the series, confining them at the same time strictly to Books of Emblems,
and not admitting fables, heraldic works, or older publications not coming
within the same category. A good comprehensive work on this subject of
Books of Emblems, not confined merely to the English series, but

embracing the whole foreign range, giving an account both of the writers of
the verses, and also of the engravers, and the different styles of art in each,
is still a great desideratum in our literary history; and if ably and artistically
done, with suitable illustrations of the various engravings and other
ornaments, would form a very interesting, instructive, and entertaining
volume; and I sincerely hope that the time will not be far distant when such
a volume will be found in our libraries.

I conclude with a Query of inquiry, whether anything is known of the
present resting-place of a Treatise on Emblems, which the late Mr. Beloe
informs us, at the close of his Literary Anecdotes, vol. vi. p. 406., he had
written at "considerable length," from communications furnished him by the
Marquis of Blandford, whose collection of Emblems was at that time one of
the richest and most extensive in the kingdom, and whose treatise, if
published, might perhaps prove a valuable addition to our information on
this portion of our literature.

I would also inquire who was Thomas Combe, and what did he write, who
is thus mentioned by Meres in his Palladis Tamia: Wits Treasury, Lond.
1598, 8vo., as one of our English writers of Emblems: "As the Latines have
those emblematists, Andreas Alciatus, Reusnerus, and Sambucus, so we
have these, Geffrey Whitney, Andrew Willet, and Thomas Combe." Is
anything known of the latter, or of his writings?
Thomas Corser.
Stand Rectory.

List of English Writers of Books of Emblems.

A. (H.) Parthenia Sacra, of the Mysterious and Delicious Garden of the
Sacred Parthenis: Symbolically set forth and enriched with Pious Devises
and Emblems for the entertainment of devout Soules, &c. By H. A. Plates.
8vo. Printed by John Cousturier, 1633.

Abricht (John A. M.). Divine Emblems. Embellished with Etchings of
Copper after the fashion of Master Francis Quarles. 12mo. Lond. 1838.

Arwaker (Edmund). Pia Desideria, or Divine Addresses in Three Books.
With 47 Copper Plates by Sturt. 8vo. Lond. 1686.

Ashrea: or the Grove of Beatitudes. Represented in Emblemes: and by the
Art of Memory to be read on our Blessed Saviour Crucified, &c. 12mo.
Lond. 1665.

Astry (Sir James). The Royal Politician represented in One Hundred
Emblems. Written in Spanish by Don Diego Saavedra Faxardo, &c. Done
into English from the Original. By Sir James Astry. In Two Vols. With
Portrait of William Duke of Gloucester, and other Plates. 8vo. Lond. 1700.
Printed for Matthew Gylliflower.

Ayres (Philip). Emblemata Amatoria. Emblems of Love in Four Languages.
Dedicated to the Ladys. By Ph. Ayres, Esq. With 44 Plates on Copper. 8vo.
Lond. 1683.

Barclay (Alexander).[2] The Ship of Fooles, wherein is shewed the folly of
all States, &c. Translated out of Latin into Englishe. With numerous
Woodcuts. Imprinted by John Cawood. Folio, bl. letter, Lond. 1570.

Blount (Thomas). The Art of making Devises: treating of Hieroglyphicks,
Symboles, Emblemes, Ænigmas, &c. Translated from the French of Henry
Estienne. 4to. Lond. 1646.

Bunyan (John). Emblems by J. Bunyan. [I have not seen this work, but
suspect it is only a common chap-book. A copy was in one of Lilly's
Catalogues.]

Burton (R.). Choice Emblems, Divine and Moral, Ancient and Modern; or
Delights for the Ingenious in above Fifty Select Emblems, Curiously
Ingraven upon Copper Plates. With engraved Frontispiece, &c. 12mo.
Lond. 1721. Printed for Edmund Parker.

Castanoza (John). The Spiritual Conflict, or The Arraignment of the Spirit
of Selfe-Love and Sensuality at the Barre of Truth and Reason. First
published in Spanish by the Reverend Father John Castanoza, afterwards

put into the Latin, Italian, German, French, and English Languages. With
numerous Engravings. 12mo. at Paris, 1652.

Choice Emblems, Natural, Historical, Fabulous, Moral, and Divine. 12mo.
Lond. 1772.

Colman (W.). La Dance Machabre, or Death's Duell, by W. C. With
engraved Frontispiece by Cecil, and Plate. 8vo. Lond. 163—.

Compendious Emblematist; or Writing and Drawing made easy. With many
Plates. 4to. Lond.

Emblems Divine, Moral, Natural, and Historical, Expressed in Sculpture,
and applied to the several Ages, Occasions, and Conditions of the Life of
Man. By a Person of Quality. With Woodcut Engravings and Metrical
Illustrations. 8vo. Lond. 1673. Printed by J. C. for Will. Miller.

Emblems for the Entertainment and Improvement of Youth, with
Explanations, on 62 Copper Plates. White Knights. 8vo. n. d., Part I.

Emblems of Mortality. With Holbein's Cuts of the Dance of Death,
modernized and engraved by Bewick. Three Editions. 8vo. Lond. 1789.

Farlie (Robert). Lychnocausia, sive Moralia Facum Emblemata. Lights
Morall Emblems. Kalendarium Humanæ Vitæ. The Kalendar of Man's Life.
With Frontispiece and numerous Woodcuts. 8vo. Lond. 1638.

Fransi (Abrahami). Insignium Armorum Emblematum Hieroglyphicorum et
Symbolorum Explicatio. No Plates. 4to. Lond. 1588.

G. (H.). The Mirrour of Majestie: or the Badges of Honour conceitedly
emblazoned. With Emblems annexed. 4to. 1618. [This is the rarest of the
English series; only two copies known, one perfect penes me, and another
imperfect.]

Gent (Thomas). Divine Entertainments; of Penitential Desires, Sighs, and
Groans of the Wounded Soul. In Two Books, adorned with suitable Cuts. In
Verse. With numerous Woodcuts. 12mo. Lond. 1724.

Hall (John). Emblems, with elegant Figures newly published. Sparkles of
Divine Love. Engraved Frontispiece and Plates. 12mo. Lond. 1648.

Heywood (Thomas). Pleasant Dialogues and Dramas, selected out of
Lucian, &c. With sundry Emblems, extracted from the most elegant Iacobus
Catsius, &c. 8vo. Lond. 1637. No Plates.

Jenner (Thomas). The Soules Solace; or Thirtie and one Spirituall
Emblems. With Plates on Copper, and Verses. 4to. Lond. 1631.

—— The Ages of Sin, of Sinnes Birth and Growth. With the Steppes and
Degrees of Sin, from Thought to finall Impenitence. Nine leaves containing
nine emblematical engravings, each with six metrical lines beneath. 4to. No
printer's name, place, or date.

—— A Work for none but Angels and Men, that is, to be able to look into,
and to know themselves, &c. It contains eight Engravings emblematic of
the Senses, and is in fact Sir John Davis's poem on the Immortality of the
Soul turned into prose. 4to. Lond. 1650. Printed by M. S. for Thomas
Jenner.

—— Wonderful and Strange Punishments inflicted on the Breakers of the
Ten Commandments. With curious Plates. 4to. Lond. 1650.

Montenay (Georgette de). A Booke of Armes, or Remembrance: wherein
are a hundred Godly Emblemata; first invented and elaborated in the French
Tongue, but now in severall Languages. With Plates. 8vo. Franckfort. 1619.

Murray (Rev. T. B.). An Alphabet of Emblems. With neatly executed
Woodcuts. 12mo. Lond. 1844.

Peacham (Henry). Minerva Britannia, or, A Garden of Heroickall Devises,
furnished and adorned with Emblemes and Impressas, &c. Numerous
Woodcuts. 4to. Lond. n. d. (1612.)

Protestant's (The) Vade Mecum, or Popery Displayed in its proper Colours,
in Thirty Emblems, lively representing all the Jesuitical Plots against this

Nation. With thirty engraved Emblems on copper. 8vo. Lond. 1680. Printed
for Daniel Brown.

Quarles (Francis). Emblemes by Fra. Quarles. The First Edition. With Plates
by W. Marshall and others. Rare. 8vo. Lond. 1635. Printed by G. M. at John
Marriott's.

—— Hieroglyphickes of the Life of Man, by Fra. Quarles. In a Series of
engraved Emblems on Copper by Will. Marshall. With Verses. 8vo. Lond.
1638. Printed by M. Flesher.

Richardson (George). Iconology; or a Collection of Emblematical Figures,
Moral and Instructive. In Two Volumes. With Plates. 4to. Lond. 1777-79.

Riley (George). Emblems for Youth. Reprinted in 1775, and again in 1779.
12mo. Lond. 1772.

Ripa (Cæsar). Iconologia; or Morall Emblems. Wherein are express'd
various Images of Virtues, Vices, &c. Illustrated with 326 Human Figures
engraved on Copper. By the care and charge of P. Tempest. 4to. Lond. 1709.

S. (P.) The Heroical Devises of M. Claudius Paradin, Canon of Beauvieu.
Whereunto are added the Lord Gabriel Symons and others. Translated out
of Latin into English by P. S. With Woodcuts. 16mo. Lond. 1591. Imprinted
by William Kearney.

Stirry (Thomas). A Rot among the Bishops, or a terrible Tempest in the Sea
of Canterbury, a Poem with lively Emblems. A Satire against Archbishop
Laud. With Four Wood Engravings. Rare. 8vo. Lond. 1641.

Thurston (J.). Religious Emblems; being a Series of Engravings on Wood,
from the Designs of J. Thurston, with Descriptions by the Rev. J. Thomas.
4to. Lond. 1810.

Vicars (John). A Sight of ye Transactions of these latter Yeares Emblemized
with engraven Plates, which men may read without Spectacles. Collected
by John Vicars. With Engravings of Copper. 4to. Lond. n. d., are to be sould
by Thomas Jenner at his shop.

—— Prodigies and Apparitions, or England's Warning Pieces. Being a
seasonable Description by lively figures and apt illustrations of many
remarkable and prodigious forerunners and apparent Predictions of God's
Wrath against England, if not timely prevented by true Repentance. Written
by J. V. With curious Frontispiece and six other Plates. 8vo. Lond. n. d., are
to bee sould by Tho. Bates.

Whitney (Geoffrey). A Choice of Emblems and other Devises. Englished
and Moralized by Geoffrey Whitney. With numerous Woodcuts. 4to.
Leyden, 1586. Imprinted at Leyden in the house of Christopher, by Grancis
Raphalengius.

Willet (Andrew). Sacrorum Emblematum Centuria Una quæ tam ad
exemplum aptè expressa sunt, &c. No Plates. 4to. Cantabr. n. d. (1598.)

Wither (George). A Collection of Emblems, Ancient and Moderne:
Quickened with Metricall Illustrations both Morall and Divine. The Plates,
200 in number, were engraved by Crispin Pass. Folio, Lond. 1635. Printed
by A. M. for Henry Taunton.

Wynne (John Huddlestone). Choice Emblems for the Improvement of
Youth. Plates. 12mo. Lond. 1772.
Footnote 1:(return)

We must exempt from this sweeping assertion a very interesting and well-written
account of works on this subject, entitled "A Sketch of that Branch of Literature
called Books of Emblems, as it flourished during the 16th and 17th centuries, by
Joseph Brooks Yates, Esq., F.S.A.," of West Dingle, near Liverpool, the friend of
Roscoe, and the worthy and intelligent President of the Literary and
Philosophical Society of Liverpool, read at their meetings, and of which two
parts have already been printed in their volumes of Proceedings. This "Sketch"
only requires to be enlarged and completed, with specimens added of the
different styles of the engravings, to render it everything that is to be desired on
the subject.

Footnote 2:(return)

Perhaps this, and the works of Colman and Heywood, are scarcely to be
considered as Books of Emblems.

AUTHOR OF TRACT ON "ADVANTAGES OF THE EAST
INDIA TRADE, 1720, 8vo."

Of this pamphlet, originally published in 1701, 8vo., under the title of
Considerations upon the East India Trade, and afterwards in 1720, 8vo.,
with a new title-page, The Advantages of the East India Trade to England
considered, containing 128 pages, inclusive of Preface, the author never yet
been ascertained.

Mr. McCulloch accords to it, and very deservedly, the highest praise. He
styles it (Literature of Political Economy, p. 100.) "a profound, able, and
most ingenious tract;" and observes that he has "set the powerful influence
of the division of labour in the most striking point of view, and has
illustrated it with a skill and felicity which even Smith has not surpassed,
but by which he most probably profited." Addison's admirable paper in The
Spectator (No. 69.) on the advantages of commerce, is only an expansion of
some of the paragraphs in this pamphlet. In some parts I think he has
scarcely equalled the force of his original. Take, for instance, the following
sentences, which admit of fair comparison:

"We taste the spices of Arabia, yet never feel the scorching sun which
brings them forth; we shine in silks which our hands have never
wrought; we drink of vineyards which we never planted; the treasures
of those mines are ours which we have never digged; we only plough
the deep, and reap the harvest of every country in the world."—
Advantages of East India Trade, p. 59.

"Whilst we enjoy the remotest products of the north and south, we are
free from those extremities of weather which give them birth; our eyes
are refreshed with the green fields of Britain, at the same time that our
palates are feasted with fruits that rise between the tropics."—
Spectator, No. 69.

Mr. McCulloch makes no conjecture as to the probable author of this very
able tract; but it appears to me that it may on good grounds be ascribed to
Henry Martyn, who afterwards—not certainly in accordance with the
enlightened principles he lays down in this pamphlet—took an active part in

opposing the treaty of commerce with France, and was rewarded by the
appointment of Inspector-General of the exports and imports of the
customs. (See an account of him in Ward's Lives of Gresham Professors, p.
332.) He was a contributor to The Spectator, and Nos. 180. 200. and 232.
have been attributed to him; and the matter of Sir Andrew Freeport's
speculations appears to have been furnished by him as Addison and Steele's
oracle on trade and commerce. It will be seen that in No. 232. he makes
exactly the same use of Sir William Petty's example of the watch as is done
in the tract (p.69.), and the coincidence seems to point out one common
author of both compositions. But, without placing too much stress on this
similarity, I find, that Collins's Catalogue, which was compiled with great
care, and where it mentions the authors of anonymous works may always be
relied upon, attributes this tract to Martyn (Collins's Cat. 1730-1, 8vo., Part
I., No. 3130.). I have a copy of the edition of 1701, in the original binding
and lettering—lettered "Martyn on the East India Trade "—and copies of
the edition of 1720 in two separate collections of tracts; one of which
belonged to A. Chamier, and the other to George Chalmers; in both of
which the name of Martyn is written as its author on the title-page, and in
the latter in Chalmers's handwriting. I think therefore we may conclude that
this tract, which well deserves being more generally known than it is at
present, was written by Henry Martyn.
Jas. Crossley.

"AKE" AND ACHE.

John Kemble, it is well known, maintained that the latter was the mode of
pronouncing this word in Shakspeare's days. He was right, and he was
wrong; for, as I shall show, both modes prevailed, at least in poetry, till the
end of the seventeenth century. So it was with some other words, show and
shew, for instance. It is, perhaps, hardly necessary to observe that the
sounds k, ch, sh, kh (guttural) are commutable. Thus the letter h is named in
Italian, acca; in French, ache, in English, aitch, perhaps originally atch: our
church is the Scottish kirk, &c. Accordingly, we meet in Shakspeare
reckless and rechless, reeky and reechy; "As I could pike (pitch) my lance."
(Coriol., Act I. Sc. 1.) Hall has (Sat. vi. 1.) "Lucan streaked (stretched) on

his marble bed." So also there were like and liche, and the vulgar cham for I
am (Ic eom, A.-S.)

Having now to show that both ake and ache were in use, I commence with
the former:

"Like a milch-doe, whose swelling dugs do ake,
Hasting to find her fawn hid in some brake."
Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis

"By turns now half asleep, now half awake,
My wounds began to smart, my hurt to ake."
Fairfax, Godf. of Bull., viii, 26.

"Yet, ere she went, her vex'd heart, which did ake,
Somewhat to ease, thus to the king she spake."
Drayton, Barons' Wars, iii. 75.

"And cramm'd them till their guts did ake
With caudle, custard, and plumcake."
Hudibras, ii. 2.

The following is rather dubious:

"If chance once in the spring his head should ach,
It was foretold: thus says my almanack."
Hall, Sat. ii. 7., ed. Singer.

The aitch, or rather, as I think, the atch sound, occurs in the following
places:

"B. Heigh ho!
M. For a hawk, a horse, or a husband?
B. For the letter that begins them all, H."
Much Ado about Nothing, Act III. Sc. 4.

"Their fears of hostile strokes, their aches, losses."
Timon of Athens, Act V. Sc. 2.

"Yea, fright all aches from your bones."
Jonson, Fox, ii. 2.

"Wherefore with mine thou dow thy musick match,
Or hath the crampe thy ionts benom'd with ache."
Spenser, Shep. Cal., viii. 4.

"Or Gellia wore a velvet mastic-patch
Upon her temples, when no tooth did ach."
Hall, Sat. vi. 1.

"As no man of his own self catches
The itch, or amorous French aches."
Hudibras, ii, 2.

"The natural effect of love,
As other flames and aches prove."
Ib., iii. 1.

"Can by their pangs and aches find
All turns and changes of the wind."
Ib., iii. 2.

These, in Butler, are, I believe, the latest instances of this form of the word.
Thomas Keightley.

LOCALITIES MENTIONED IN ANGLO-SAXON
CHARTERS.

When Mr. Kemble published the index to his truly national code of Anglo-
Saxon Charters, he expressly stated that there were many places of which
he was in doubt, and which are indicated by Italics.

It is only by minute local knowledge that many places can be verified, and
with the view of eliciting from others the result of their investigations, I
send you my humble contribution of corrections of places known to myself.

Bemtún, 940. Bampton, Oxon.
Bleódon, 587, 1182. Bleadon, Somerset.
Bóclond, 1050. Buckland, Berks.
Brixges stán, 813. Brixton, Surrey.
Ceomina lacu, 714. Chimney, Oxon.
Ceommenige, 940. Idem.
Cingestún, 1268, 1276, 1277. Kingston Bagpuxe, Berks.
Cingtuninga gemǽre, 1221. Idem.
Colmenora, 1283. Cumnor, Berks.
Crócgelád, 1305. Cricklade, Wilts.
Dúnnestreátún, 136. Dunster, Somerset.
Esstune, 940. Aston-in-Bampton, Oxon.
Fifhidan, 546, 1206. Fyfield, Berks.
Hearge, 220. Harrow-on-the-Hill.
Hengestesige, 556. Hinksey, Berks.
Leoie, 1255. Bessil's-leigh, Berks.
Monninghæma díc, 645. Monnington, Herefordshire.
Osulfe's Lea, 404, is in Suffolk, or near it.
Pipmynster, 774, &c., probably Pippingminster, Somerset.
Scypford, 714. Shifford, Oxon.
Scuccanhláu, 161, is in Berks.
Tubbanford, 1141, 1255. Tubney, Berks.
Whétindún, 363. Whatindon, Surrey.
Wenbeorg, 1053. Wenbury, Devon.
Wænríc 775, and Wenrise, 556, is the River Windrush.
Wícham (Wítham), 116, 214, 775. Witham, Berks.
Wyttanig, 556. Witney, Oxon.
Wurðe, Wyrðe, Weorthe, Weorthig, 208, 1171, 1212, 1221. Longworth,
Berks.
Worth, Wurthige, 743, 1121. Worth, Hants.

The following are omitted:

Hanlee, 310.
Helig, 465.
Pendyfig, 427.
Stanford, 1301. Stanford, Kent.

Stánlége, 1255. Standlake, Oxon.
Ðestinctun, 805.
Welingaford, 1154. Wallingford, Berks.
Wanhæminga, 1135. B. Williams.

INEDITED LETTER.

August 24th, 1690,
Qu. Coll. Oxon.

Dear Sr,

I heartily thank you for the favour of your letter, and to shew itt will not fail
to write as often as anything does occurr worth sending, if you think the
accountt I give not troublesome. Dr. Adams, Dr. Rudston, and Delaune have
promis'd to write this post: we remembred you both before and after your
letters came wth Sr John Matthews, who staid here 3 nights this weeke. Our
militia is gone home cloath'd in Blew coates but many coxcombs of this
city have refused to pay their quota towards the buying of them, railing
against my Ld Abington, who has smooth'd the mob by giving a brace of
Bucks last Friday in Port Meed. J. M. has bin expected here this fortnight:
the Lady that calls herselfe by his nane has bin a good while at Astrop, and
has discover'd her displeasure there, that her husband as shee calls him
keeps the coach so long from her at Oxford: upon hearing of wch Sr W. H. in
a blunt way gave her the old name, wch caus'd some dissatisfaction and left
her smal acquaintance: I heare that the understanding between our Friend
and his uncle is not so good as formerly, but I do not think it will end in
Abdication. Mr. Painter is admitted Rector of Exeter. The Naked Gospel[3]
was burnt on ye 19th in the Scholes Quadrangle. The Regents first drew up
a Petition to have it censured; then some others more busy than wise tooke
upon them to gett it subscribed, and went to coffee houses and taverns as
well as colleges for that purpose: these proceedings being agst statute, and
reflecting upon the vice ch., gave great offence; at last he call'd a meeting of
ye heads of houses, who deputed 6 to examine it: they pick'd several
Proposit. wch were read. The sentence was in this form: Propositions &c

tanquā falsas et impias in Chris. Relig. et in Ecc. præcipue Anglicanā
contumeliosas damnamus, plerasq; insuper hæreticas esse decernimus et
declaramus, &c. This was first subscribed by all ye heads of Coll. and then
condemn'd unanimously in a full convocation. The Decree is printed, but is
too large to send. The Author of ye Booke has sent about a soft vindication
of himselfe, that he is unwilling to be accounted a Socinian, &c. If I can
gett a sight of it I will send you the contents. I do not know how far you are
in the right about guessing at a Bursar: Tim. seems resolv'd to act according
to ye song; but I to shew good nature even wthout a tree have promis'd to
make him a Dial: and when that's done I will doe ye like at Astrop. I am

Your very humble servt,
W. R.

If you see Coll. Byerly, give my service to him.

Directed thus: These to George Clark, Esq., Secretary of War in Ireland.

By ye way of London.

Indorsed: W. Rooke, Recd at Tipperary, Sept. 7th.
Footnote 3:(return)

[For some account of this work, by Arthur Bury, and the controversy respecting
it, see Wood's Athenæ, edit. Bliss, vol. i. p. 483. William Rooke, the Writer of the
letter, was of Queen's College; made B.A., May 16, 1674; M.A., Oct. 30, 1677;
B.D., April 12, 1690.—Ed.]

A SHAKSPERIAN BOOK.

"There exists," says Mr. John Wilson, "as it were a talismanic influence in
regard to the most trivial circumstances connected with Shakspeare," and
yet this enthusiast has not, in his Shaksperiana, alluded to the dramatic
works of Mary Hornby, written under, and dated from, the dear old roof at
Stratford-upon-Avon!

It was my late good fortune, after filling my pockets from the twopenny
boxes of the suburban bookstalls, to find, on turning out the heterogeneous
contents, that I had accidentally become possessed of The Broken Vow, a
comedy by the aforesaid lady, who waits to be enrolled in that much wanted
book, a new edition of the Biographia Dramatica. This Broken Bow which
looks like a re-cooking of the Merry Miller of Thomas Sadler, 1766, bears
to be "printed at Stratford-upon-Avon, for the Author, by W. Barnacle,
1820." Mary Hornby, following the example of the preoccupier of the
butcher's shop, tries her hand at both tragedy and comedy; in the first line
she stands charged with the perpetration of The Battle of Waterloo, which, I
doubt not, rivalled its original enactment in its sanguinary character. I have
not been lucky enough to fall in with this, which was a hit; our fair
authoress, in her preface to the comedy under notice, modestly attributing
its great success more to the kindness of her friends than to its literary
merit.

Mrs. Hornby sustains the dignity of the drama by adhering to her five acts,
with prologue and epilogue according to prescription. Looking to the
prologue for the who, the why, and the wherefore, I am sorry to say I find no
materials for the concoction of a biographical note; upon the second point,
the why, she tells us:

"When women teem, be it with bad or good,
They must bring forth—forsooth 'tis right they should,
But to produce a bantling of the brain,
Hard is the task, and oft the labour vain."

That her literary accouchement should not be a failure, she further says:

"Lord, how I've bother'd all the gods and graces,
Who patronize some mortals, in such cases."

I take the expressive use of the word "some" here to indicate her
predecessor, the ancient occupier of the tenement, who certainly was a
protégé of the said parties.

Mrs. Hornby then goes on to relate how that during her gestation she
invoked Apollo, Thalia, and Erato:

"Soon they arrived, with Hermes at their side,
By Jove commission'd, as their friend and guide.
But when the mirth-inspiring dames stepp'd o'er
The sacred threshold of great Shakspeare's door,
The heav'nly guests, who came to laugh with me,
Oppress'd with grief, wept with Melpomene;
Bow'd pensive o'er the Bard of Nature's tomb,
Dropt a sad tear, then left me to my doom!"

I leave the reader to judge for himself whether the Muses really "came to
laugh" with Mary Hornby, or whether, under the belief of the immortality of
our Bard, they did not rather expect a pleasant soirée with Gentle Will, and
naturally enough went off in a huff when they found themselves inveigled
into a tea-party at Mrs. Hornby's.

Mr. Wilson, in the work above quoted, does condescend to notice Mrs.
Hornby,—

"Who rented the butcher's shop under the chamber in which the poet
was born, and kept the Shaksperian Album, an interesting record of the
visitors to that shrine. Some of the subscribers having given vent to
original stanzas suggested by the scene, those effusions," continues the
lofty bookseller, "the female in question caused to be inscribed and
printed in a small pamphlet, which she sells to strangers."

Not a word, you will see, about the poet's mantle having descended upon
the shoulders of our Mary,—which was unpolite of him, seeing that both
the tragedy and comedy had the precedence of his book by some years. Not
having before me the later history of Shakspeare's house, I am unable to say
whether our subject deserved more consideration and gallant treatment at
the hands of Mr. Collier, when he and his colleagues came into possession.
J. O.

Minor Notes.
Shakspeare's Monument.—When I was a young man, some thirty or forty
years ago, I visited the monument of Shakspeare, in the beautiful church of
Stratford-upon-Avon, and there copied, from the Album which is kept for
the names of visitors, the following lines:

"Stranger! to whom this monument is shown,
Invoke the poet's curse upon Malone!
Whose meddling zeal his barbarous taste displays,
And smears his tombstone, as he marr'd his plays.
R. F.
Oct. 2, 1810."

This has just now been brought to my mind by reading, in page 155. of the
second volume of Moore's Journal, the following account of a conversation
at Bowood:

"Talked of Malone—a dull man—his whitewashing the statue of
Shakspeare, at Leamington or Stratford (?), and General Fitzpatrick's
(Lord L.'s uncle) epigram on the subject—very good—

'And smears his statue as he mars his lays.'"

I cannot but observe that the doubt expressed in the Diary of Moore—
whether Shakspeare's monument is "at Leamington or Stratford (?)"—is
curious, and I conceive my version of the last line, besides being more
correct, is also more pithy. It is incorrect, moreover, to call it a statue, as it
is a three-quarters bust in a niche in the wall.

The extract from Moore's Diary, however, satisfactorily explains the initials
"R. F.," which have hitherto puzzled me.
Senex.

Archbishop Leighton and Pope: Curious Coincidence of Thought and
Expression.—

"Were the true visage of sin seen at a full light, undressed and
unpainted, it were impossible, while it so appeared, that any one soul
could be in love with it, but would rather flee from it as hideous and
abominable."—Leighton's Works, vol. i. p. 121.

Vice is a monster of such hideous mien,
As to be hated, needs but to be seen."—Pope.
James Cornish.

Grant of Slaves.—I send you a copy of a grant of a slave with his children,
by William, the Lion King of Scotland, to the monks of Dunfermline, taken
from the Cart. de Dunfermline, fol. 13., printed by the Bannatyne Club
from a MS. in the Advocates' Library here, which you may, perhaps, think
curious enough to insert in "N. & Q."

"De Servis.

"Willielmus Dei gracia Rex Scottorum. Omnibus probis hominibus
tocius terre me, clericis et laicis, salutem: Sciant presentis et futuri me
dedisse et concessisse et hac carta mea confirmasse, Deo et ecclesie
Sancte Trinitatis de Dunfermlene et Abbati et Monachis ibidem, Deo
servientibus in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam, Gillandream
Macsuthen et ejus liberos et illos eis quietos clamasse, de me, et
heredibus meis, in perpetuum. Testibus Waltero de Bid, Cancellario;
Willielmo filio Alani, Dapifero; Roberto Aveneli Gillexio Rennerio,
Willielmo Thoraldo, apud Strivelin."
G. H. S.
Edinburgh.

Sealing-wax.—The most careful persons will occasionally drop melting
sealing-wax on their fingers. The first impulse of every one is to pull it off,
which is followed by a blister. The proper course is to let the wax cool on
the finger; the pain is much less, and there is no blister.
Uneda.

Philadelphia.

Queries.
WALMER CASTLE.

In Hasted's History of Kent, vol. iv. p. 172., folio edition, we have as
follows:

"Walmer, probably so called quasi vallum maris, i. e. the wall or
fortification made against the sea, was expressed to have been a
member of the port of Sandwich time out of mind," &c.

Again, p. 165., note m, we find:

"Before these three castles were built, there were, between Deal and
Walmer Castle, two eminences of earth, called 'The Great and Little
Bulwark;' and another, between the north end of Deal and Sandwich
Castle (all of which are now remaining): and there was probably one
about the middle of the town, and others on the spots where the castles
were erected. They had embrasures for guns, and together formed a
defensive line of batteries along that part of the coast," &c.

To the new building of these castles Leland alludes, in his Cygnea Cantio:

"Jactat Dela novas celebris arces
Notus Cæsareis locus trophæis."—Ver. 565.

There are clear remains of a Roman entrenchment close to Walmer Castle.
(See Hasted, vol. iv. p. 162., notes.)

Any of your correspondents who could give me any information tending to
show that an old fortification had existed on the site of Walmer Castle,
previous to the erection of the present edifice—or even almost upon the
same site—would do me a very great kindness if he would communicate it,
through the columns of "N. & Q.," or by a private letter sent to the Editor.
C. Waymor.

SCOTCHMEN IN POLAND.

Can any of your readers throw any light on this passage in Dr. Johnson's
Life of Sir John Denham?

"He [Sir John Denham] now resided in France, as one of the followers
of the exiled king; and, to divert the melancholy of their condition, was
sometimes enjoined by his master to write occasional verses; one of
which amusements was probably his ode or song upon the Embassy to
Poland, by which he and Lord Crofts procured a contribution of ten
thousand pounds from the Scotch, that wandered over that kingdom.
Poland was at that time very much frequented by itinerant traders,
who, in a country of very little commerce and of great extent, where
every man resided on his own estate, contributed very much to the
accommodation of life, by bringing to every man's house those little
necessaries which it was very inconvenient to want, and very
troublesome to fetch. I have formerly read, without much reflection, of
the multitude of Scotchmen that travelled with their wares in Poland;
and that their numbers were not small, the success of this negociation
gives sufficient evidence."

The title of Denham's poem is "On my Lord Crofts' and my journey into
Poland, from whence we brought 10,000l. for his Majesty by the
decimation of his Scottish subjects there."
Peter Cunningham.

BISHOP JUXON AND WALTON'S POLYGLOTT BIBLE.

In the library at this island, which formerly belonged to the Knights of
Malta, there is an edition of Walton's Polyglott Bible, which was published
in London in 1657. This work is in a most perfect state of preservation.

On the title-page of the first of the eleven volumes, there is written, in a
bold and perfectly legible manner, the following words:

"Liber Coll. Di Joannis Bapta Oxon Ex dono Reverendiss. in Xto Patris
Gvili Jvxon Archiep. Cantvariensis. Ao Dni 1663."

Just below, but on the right of the above, there is written in a clear hand as
follows:

"Ex Libris domus Abbatialis S. Antonij Viennensis, Catalogo Inscript
an. 1740. No. 11."

That the question which I shall ask at the end of this Note may be the more
easily answered, it will perhaps be necessary for me to state, that in the year
1777, Rohan, the Grand Master of the Knights of Malta, succeeded in
annexing the property belonging to the Order of St. Antonio de Vienna to
that of Malta. In accepting of these estates, which were situated in France
and Savoy, Rohan bound himself to pay the many mortgages and debts with
which they were encumbered; and so large an amount had to be thus
defrayed, that for a hundred years the convent would not be reimbursed for
its advances, and receive the 120,000 livres, at which sum their annual
rental would then be valued. Of the foundation of this Order a recent writer
(Thornton) thus remarks:

"In 1095 some nobles of Dauphiny united for the relief of sufferers
from a kind of leprosy called St. Anthony's fire, which society, in
1218, was erected into a religious body of Hospitallers, having a grand
master for chief. This order, after many changes in its constitution,
having been left the option between extinction and secularisation, or
union with another order, accepted the latter alternative, and selected
that of St. John of Jerusalem."

Among the moveable effects which came to the Knights of Malta by this
arrangement, was a small and well-selected library, and in it this edition of
Walton's Bible.

Without, therefore, writing more at length on this subject, which might take
up too much space in "N. & Q.," I would simply add, that my attention was
called to this work by the Rev. Mr. Howe, chaplain of H.B.M. ship
"Britannia," and for the purpose of asking, At what time, by whom, and in
what manner, were these volumes removed from St. John's College at

Oxford, and transferred to the library of the Order of St. Antonio de Vienna
in France?
W. W.
La Valetta, Malta.

Minor Queries.
Was Andrew Marvell poisoned?—I have just been reading the three
ponderous quarto volumes comprising The Works of Andrew Marvell, as
collected and edited by his townsman, Capt. Edward Thompson of Hull. In
the "Life," near the end of vol. iii., we are told that the patriot died on Aug.
16, 1678, "and by poison for he was healthful and vigorous to the moment
he was seized with the premeditated ruin." And again, in a summary of his
merits, we are told that "all these patriot virtues were insufficient to guard
him against the jesuitical machinations of the state; for what vice and
bribery could not influence, was perpetrated by poison." This heinous
crime, so formally averred against the enemies of Marvell, may have been
committed by "some person or persons unknown;" but, as not a tittle of
evidence is adduced or indicated by the zealous biographer in support of the
charge—Query, had it any foundation in fact? In the court, and out of the
court, the anti-popish, anti-prelatical Puritan had enemies numerous and
bitter enough; but is there really any other ground for the abominable
imputation of foul play alluded to, beyond his actually sudden death? Is the
hypothesis of poison coeval with the date of Marvell's demise? If so, was
there any official inquiry—any "crowner's quest?" Surely his admiring
compatriots on the banks of the Humber did not at once quietly sit down
with the conviction, that thus "fell one of the first characters of this
kingdom or of any other."
H.

Anonymous Pamphlet by Dr. Wallis (Vol. vii., p. 403.).—Will Mr. Crossley
have the kindness to give the title of the anonymous pamphlet which, he
informs us, was published by Dr. John Wallis in defence of the Oxford
decree of 1695, on the subject of the Trinity?
Tyro.
Dublin.

Mrs. Cobb's Diary.—Can any of your readers give me any information as to
the following book, Extracts from the Diary and Letters of Mrs. Mary

Cobb: London, printed by C. and R. Baldwin, 1805, 8vo., pp. 324.; said to
be privately printed?
John Martin.
Roxfield, Bedfordshire.

Compass Flower.—

"Look at this delicate flower that lifts its head from the meadow—
See how its leaves all point to the north, as true as the magnet;
It is the compass flower, that the finger of God has suspended
Here on its fragile stalk, to direct the traveller's journey
Over the sea-like, pathless, limitless waste of the desert."
Evangeline, Part II. IV. line 140., &c.

Where can I find a description of this flower, and what is its scientific
name?

In Abercrombie's Intellectual Powers, p. 49. edit. 1846, I find the following
passage:

"The American hunter finds his way in the trackless forests by
attention to minute appearances in the trees, which indicate to him the
points of the compass."

Can any one tell me what these "minute appearances" are?
A. H. Battier.
East Sheen, Surrey.

Nuns of the Hotel Dieu.—What is the religions habit of the nuns at the
hospital of the Hotel Dieu in Paris at the present day?
M. L.

Purlieu.—Some of your correspondents seem afraid that an attempt to
repair the deficiencies of our English dictionaries, by research into disputed
etymologies in "N. & Q.," would tend to produce too much and too tedious
discussion, and fill its space too much. Could this, at least, not be done
without much objection? Could we not co-operate in finding the earliest

known mention of words, and thus perhaps trace the occasion and manner
of their introduction?

At any rate, this word purlieu is certainly in want of some examination.
Johnson has adopted the wretched etymology of pur, Fr. for pure, and lieu,
Fr. for place; and he defines it as a place on the outskirts of a forest free of
wood.

The earliest record in which this word occurs, so far as I have seen, is in an
act of Edward III., quoted by Manwood, and it is there spelt puraley; and it
relates to the disafforested parts which several preceding kings permitted to
be detached from their royal forests.

Might I ask if any of your correspondents find an earlier use of the word;
and can it be gifted with a probable paternity?

The tracing of the earliest known mention of disputed words is a task
capable of being finished, and might perhaps be attended, in many cases,
with happy results. It would rid us probably of many puerilities which
degrade our current dictionaries.
M. C. E.

Jennings Family.—Some time since I requested as a great favour that your
correspondent Percuriosus would kindly inform me where I could get a
sight of the Spoure MSS. I repeat that I should feel greatly obliged if he
would do so: and as this is of no public interest, I send postage envelope, in
the event of Percuriosus obliging me with the desired information.
J. Jennings-G.

Latimer's Brothers-in-Law.—In Bishop Latimer's first sermon, preached
before King Edward VI., we find the quaint martyr-bishop magnifying the
paternal prudence for having suitably "married his sisters with five pounds,
or twenty nobles, apiece;" but neither the editors of the sermon, nor the
writers of several biographical notices of Latimer consulted by me, and in
which the extract appears, give any account of the fortunate gentlemen
whom the generous parent thus doubly blessed with his twofold treasure.

Can you, or any of your readers, oblige by furnishing the names of Bishop
Latimer's brothers-in-law, or by giving some references or brief account of
them?
**

Autobiographical Sketch.—A fragment came into my possession some time
ago, among a quantity of waste paper in which books were wrapped, which,
from the singularity of its contents, I felt desirous to trace to the book of
which it forms a part, but my research has hitherto proved unsuccessful. It
consists of two leaves of a large octavo sheet, probably published some
twenty years back, and is headed "Autobiographical Sketch of the Editor."
It commences with the words: "The Commissioners of the Poor Laws will
understand me, when I say, that I was born at Putney, in Surrey." The pages
are of course not consecutive: so after an allusion to the wanderings of the
writer, I have nothing more up to p. 7., at which is an account of a supposed
plot against the lord mayor and sheriffs, concocted by him with the
assistance of some school-boy coadjutors; the object of which appears to
have been, to overturn the state-coach of the civic functionary, as it
ascended Holborn Hill, by charging it with a hackney coach, in which sat
the writer and certain widows armed with bolsters in pink satin bags. The
word having been given to "Charge!" this new kind of war-chariot was
driven down the hill at full speed, gunpowder ignited on its roof, and
blazing squibs protruded through its back, sides, and front. The ingenious
author declares that the onslaught was crowned with complete success; but
here, most unfortunately, the sheet ends: and unless you, Mr. Editor, or
some of your correspondents, will kindly help me to the rest of the
narrative, I must, I fear return unexperienced to my grave. I have omitted to
mention, that the date of this event is given as the 4th of July, 1799.
Cheverells.

Schonbornerus.—Can any of your readers give me information about a
book I became possessed of by chance a short time ago, or tell me anything
respecting its author, for whom I have vainly sought biographical
dictionaries? The volume is a duodecimo, and bears the following title-
page:

"Georgii Schonborneri Politicorum, Libri Septem. Editio ad ipsius
Authoris emendatum Exemplar nunc primum vulgata. Amsterodami:
apud L. Elzevirium, anno 1642."

It is written in Latin, and contains as many quotations as the Anatomy of
Melancholy, or Mr. Digby's Broad Stone of Honour.
H. A. B.

Symbol of Globe and Cross.—Can any one oblige me with an explanation
of the mysterious symbols on a seal not older than the last century? It
contains a globe, bearing a cross upon it, and a winged heart above, with the
legend "Pour vous."
C. T.

Booth Family.—Can any of your Lancashire correspondents afford
information bearing on the families of Booth of Salford, and Lightbown of
Manchester? Is any pedigree extant of either of these families, and what
arms did they bear? Humphrey Booth founded, I believe, a church in
Salford about the year 1634, the patronage of which still remains, as it
might seem, in the family, the Clergy List describing it as in the gift of Sir
R. G. Booth.

There is a Booth Hall in Blackley, a small village lying by the road side,
between Manchester and Middleton; and from the inquisitio post mortem of
Humphrey Booth, 12 Car. I., it appears that he died seised of lands in
Blackley as well as Salford.

Is there any evidence to connect him with this hall, as the place of his
residence?
A Jesuit.
Jesus College, Cambridge.

Ennui.—What is our nearest approach to a correct rendering of this
expression? Some English writer (Lady Morgan, I believe) has defined it
"mental lukewarmness:" but, if it be true, as La-Motte Houdart says, that—

"L'ennui naquit un jour de l'uniformité."

the above definition would seem to indicate rather the cause of ennui than
ennui itself.
Henry H. Breen.
St. Lucia.

Bankruptcy Records.—Where can I search for evidence of a bankruptcy,
probably about 1654? The Chief Registrar's indices do not go back nearly
so far.
J. K.

Golden Bees.—Napoleon I. and II. are said to have had their imperial robes
embroidered with golden bees, as claiming official descent from Carolus
Magnus. Query, what is the authority for this heraldic distinction, said to
have been assumed by Charlemagne?
James Graves.
Kilkenny.

The Grindstone Oak.—Can any of your topographical correspondents state
what is the earliest mention made of an oak tree well known in this part of
the country, and the destruction of which by fire, on the 5th of November,
1849, was the subject of regret to all who had seen or heard of it? It was
called the Grindstone Oak, and had been a denizen of the forest of Alice
Holt, as many suppose, since the days of the Confessor. It measured thirty-
four feet in circumference, at the height of seven feet from the ground; and
is mentioned by Gilbert White, in his History of Selborne, as "the great oak
in the Holt, which is deemed by Mr. Marsham to be the biggest in this
island."
L. L. L.
Near Selborne, Hants.

Hogarth.—About the year 1746, Mr. Hogarth painted a portrait of himself
and wife: he afterwards cut the canvass through, and presented the half
containing his own portrait to a gentleman in Yorkshire.

If any of your numerous readers are in possession of any portrait of Mr.
Hogarth, about three feet in length, and one foot eight inches wide, or are

aware of the existence of such a portrait, they will confer a favour by
addressing a line to
J. Phillips,
5. Torrington Place, London.

Adamsons of Perth.—Can any of your Scottish correspondents inform me
what relationship existed between Patrick Adamson, titular Archbishop of
St. Andrew's, and the two learned brothers, Henry Adamson, author of the
Muses' Threnodie, and John Adamson, principal of the college at
Edinburgh, and editor of the Muses' Welcome; and whether any existing
family claims to be descended from them? They were all born at Perth.
Henry and John were the sons of James Adamson, a merchant and
magistrate of the fair city. Probably the archbishop was a brother of this
James Adamson, and son of Patrick Adamson, who was Dean of the Guild
when John Knox preached his famous sermon at St. John's. Mariota, a
daughter of the archbishop, is said by Burke to have married Sir Michael
Balfour, Bart., of Nortland Castle Orkney. Another daughter would appear
to have become the wife of Thomas Wilson, or Volusenus, as he calls
himself, the editor of his father-in-law's poems and other publications.
E. H. A.

Cursitor Barons of the Exchequer.—Will you allow me to repeat a question
which you inserted in Vol. v., p. 346., as to a list of these officers, and any
account of their origin and history? Surely some of your correspondents,
devoted to legal antiquities, can give note a clue to the labyrinth which
Madox has not ventured to enter. The office still exists—with peculiar
duties which are still performed—and we know that it is an ancient one; all
sufficient grounds for inquiry, which I trust will meet with some response.
Edward Foss.

Syriac Scriptures.—I am very anxious to know what editions of the
Scriptures in Syriac (the Peshito) were published between Leusden and
Schaaf's New Testament, and the entire Bible in 1816 by the Bible Society.
B. H. C.

Replies.
PSALMANAZAR.

(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 435.)

Having long felt a great respect for this person, and a great interest in all
that concerns his history, I am induced to mention the grounds on which I
have been led to doubt whether the letter in the Gentleman's Magazine, to
which Mr. Crossley refers, is worthy of credit. When I first saw it, I
considered it as so valuable an addition to the information which I had
collected on the subject, that I was anxious to know who was the writer. It
had no signature; but the date, "Sherdington, June, 1704," which was
retained, gave me a clue which, by means not worth detailing, led me to the
knowledge that what thus appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine for
February, 1765, had issued from "Curll's chaste press" more than thirty
years before, in the form of a letter from the person now known in literary
history as "Curll's Corinna," but by her cotemporaries (see the index of Mr.
Cunningham's excellent Handbook of London) as Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas,
sometime of Dyot Street, St. Giles's, and afterwards of a locality not
precisely ascertained, but within the rules of the Fleet, and possibly (though
Mr. Cunningham does not corroborate this) at some period of her life
resident in the more genteel quarters which Curll assigns to her. To speak
more strictly, and make the matter intelligible to any one who may look at it
in the Magazine, I should add that the first paragraph (seventeen lines, on p.
78., dated from "Sherdington," and beginning "I dined," says the letter
writer, "last Saturday with Sir John Guise, at Gloucester") is part of a letter
purporting to be written by her lover; while all the remainder (on pp. 79-
81.) is from Corinna's answer to it.

The worthless and forgotten work of which these letters form a part,
consists of two volumes. The copy which I borrowed when I discovered
what I have stated, consisted of a first volume of the second edition (1736),

and a second volume of the first edition (1732). The title of the second
volume (which I give as belonging to the earlier edition) is:

"The Honourable Lovers: or, the second and last Volume of Pylades
and Corinna. Being the remainder of Love Letters, and other Pieces (in
Verse and Prose), which passed between Richard Gwinnett, Esq.; of
Great Shurdington, in Gloucestershire, and Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas,
Jun., of Great Russel Street, Bloomsbury. To which is added, a
Collection of familiar Letters between Corinna, Mr. Norris, Capt.
Hemington, Lady Chudleigh, Lady Pakington, &c. &c. All faithfully
published from their original Manuscripts. London: printed in the Year
M.DCC.XXXII. (Price 5s.)"

The title-page of the first volume (second edition) differs principally in
having the statement that the book was "printed for E. Curll" (whose name
does not appear in the earlier second volume, though perhaps it may have
done so in the first of that earlier edition), and an announcement that the
fidelity of the publication is "attested, by Sir Edward Northey, Knight."

The work is a farrago of low rubbish utterly beneath criticism; and I should
perhaps hardly think it worth while to say as much as I have said of it, had
it not been that, in turning it about, I could not help feeling a suspicion that
Daniel Defoe's hand was in the matter, at least so far as that papers that had
belonged to him might have come into Curll's hands, and furnished
materials for the work. It would be tedious to enter into details; but the
question seemed to me to be one of some interest, because, in my own
mind, it was immediately followed by another, namely, whether Daniel had
not more to do than has been suspected with the History of Formosa? Those
who are more familiar with Defoe than I am, will be better able to judge
whether he was, as Psalmanazar says, "the person who Englished it from
my Latin;" for the youth was as much disqualified for writing the book in
English, by being a Frenchman, as he would have been if he had been a
Formosan. He acknowledges that this person assisted him to correct
improbabilities; but I do not know that he anywhere throws further light on
the question respecting the help which he must have had. Daniel would be
just the man to correct some gross improbabilities, and at the same time
help him to some more probable fictions. Under this impression I recently

inquired (see "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 305.) respecting the authorship of
Pylades and Corinna, and the possibility that it might be the work of Defoe;
but I believe that my question has not been answered.

I have already trespassed unreasonably on your columns; but still I must
beg, in justice to a man whose character, as I have said, I very highly
respect, to add one remark. When his imposture is referred to, it is not
always remembered that when he came to this country he was not his own
master. It seems that he rambled away from his home in the South of
France, when about fifteen years old; that he spent about two years in
wandering about France and Germany, and astonishing people by
pretending to be, at first a converted, and afterwards an unconverted,
Formosan; that when performing this second, pagan, character, he arrived at
Sluys, where a Scotch regiment in the Dutch service, under Brigadier
Lauder, was stationed; that the chaplain, named Innes, detected the fraud,
but instead of reproving the lad for his sin and folly, only considered how
he might turn the cheat to his own advantage, and render it conducive to his
own preferment. The abandoned miscreant actually went through the
blasphemous mockery of baptizing the youth as a convert from heathenism;
named him after the brigadier, who stood godfather: claimed credit from the
Bishop of London for his zeal; and was by the kind prelate invited to bring
his convert to London. The chaplain lost no time in accepting, was
graciously received by the bishop and the archbishop, snapped up the first
piece of preferment that would answer his views (it happened to be the
office of chaplain-general to the forces in Portugal), and made off, leaving
his convert to bear the storm which was sure to burst on him, as best he
might. That a youth thus tutored and thus abandoned, before Johnson was
born, should have lived to attract his society, and win from him the
testimony that he was "the best man" whom he had ever known, gives him a
claim to our respect, which seems to me to be strengthened by everything
which I have been able to learn respecting him.
S. R. Maitland.
Gloucester.

CONSECRATED ROSES, ETC.

(Vol. vii., p. 407.)

Had G.'s Query referred solely to the consecration of The Golden Rose, I
might have given him a satisfactory answer by referring him to Cartari's
essay on the subject entitled La Rosa d'Ora Pontificia, &c., 4to. 1681, and
to the account (with accompanying engraving) of the Rose, Sword, and Cap
consecrated by Julius III., and sent by him to Philip and Mary; and to
Cardinal Pole's exposition of these Papal gifts, which are to be found in the
1st volume of F. Angeli Rocca, Opera Omnia (fol. Rome, 1719). In the
authors to whom I have referred, much curious information will, however,
be found. I take this opportunity of saying, that as I am about to submit a
communication on the subject of The Golden Rose to the Society of
Antiquaries, I shall feel obliged by any hints which may help me to render it
more complete; and of putting on record in "N. & Q." the following
particulars of the ceremonial, as it was performed on the 6th of March last,
which I extract from the Dublin Weekly Telegraph of the 9th of April.

"On Sunday, the 6th [March, 1853], the Benediction of the Golden
Rose, was, according to annual usage, performed by the Pontiff
previously to High Mass, in the Sistine Chapel, celebrated by a
cardinal, at which he assists every Sunday during Lent. To the more
ancient practice of blessing, on the fourth Sunday of 'Quaresima,' a
pair of gold and silver keys, touched with filings from the chains of St.
Peter (which are still preserved in Rome), the Holy See has substituted
that of the Benediction of the 'Rosa d'Oro,' to be presented, within the
year, to some sovereign or other potentate, who has proved well
deserving of the Church. The first positive record respecting the
Golden Rose has been ascribed to the Pontificate of Leo IX. (1049-
53); but a writer in the Civitta Catolica states that allusion to a census
levied for its cost may be found in the annals of a still earlier period.
The Pontiffs used formerly to present it annually to the Prefect of
Rome, after singing Mass, on this Sunday, at the Lateran, and
pronouncing a homily, during which they lifted the consecrated object
in one hand whilst expounding to the people its mystic significance.
Pius II. (1458) is the last Pope recorded to have thus preached in
reference to and thus conferred the Golden Rose; and the first foreign
potentate recorded to have received it from the Holy See is Fulk,

Count of Anjou, to whom it was presented by Urban II. in 1096. A
homily of Innocent III. also contains all explanation of this beautiful
symbol—the precious metal, the balsam and musk used in
consecrating it, being taken in mystic sense as allusion to the triple
substance in the person of the Incarnate Lord—divinity, soul, and
body. It is not merely a single flower, but an entire rose-tree that is
represented—the whole about a foot in height, most delicately wrought
in fine lamina of gold. This being previously deposited between
lighted candelabra, on a table in the sacristy, is taken by the youngest
cleric of the camera, to be consigned to his Holiness, after the latter
has been vested for the solemnity, but before his assuming the mitre.
After a beautiful form of prayer, with incense and holy water, the
Pontiff then, holding the object in his hand, imparts the Benediction,
introducing into the flower which crowns the graceful stem, and is
perforated so as to provide a receptacle, balsam of Peru and powder of
musk. He then passes with the usual procession into the Sistine, still
carrying the rose in his left hand; and during the Mass it remains
beneath the crucifix over the altar. If in the course of the year no
donation of the precious object is thought advisable, the same is
consecrated afresh on the anniversary following. Some have
conjectured that the Empress of France will be selected by Pius IX. to
receive this honour in the present instance; but this is mere conjecture.
On a former occasion, it is true, the Golden Rose was conferred by him
on another crowned head of the fairer sex—one entitled to more than
common regards from the Supreme Pastor in adversity—the Queen of
Naples."
William J. Thoms.

CAMPBELL'S IMITATIONS.

(Vol. vi., p. 505.)

It is curious that two of the passages pointed out by Mr. Breen, as
containing borrowed ideas, are those quoted by Alison in his recent volume
(Hist. Eur., vol. i. pp. 429, 430.) to support his panegyric on Campbell, of
whose "felicitous images" he speaks with some enthusiasm.

The propensity of Campbell to adapt or imitate the thoughts and
expressions of others has often struck me. Let me then suggest the
following (taken at random) as further, and I believe hitherto unnoticed,
illustrations of that propensity:

1. "When front to front the banner'd hosts combine,
Halt ere they close, and form the dreadful line."
Pleasures of Hope.

"When front to front the marching armies shine,
Halt ere they meet, and form the lengthening line."
Pope, Battle of Frogs and Mice.

2. "As sweep the shot stars down the troubled sky."
Pleasures of Hope.

"And rolls low thunder thro' the troubled sky."
Pope, Frogs and Mice.

3. "With meteor-standard to the winds unfurl'd."
Pleasures of Hope.

"The imperial standard which full high advanc'd,
Shone like a meteor streaming to the wind."
Milton, Par. Lost, i. 535.

4. "The dying man to Sweden turn'd his eye,
Thought of his home, and clos'd it with a sigh."
Pleasures of Hope.

"Sternitur infelix alieno vulnere, cœlumque
Aspicit, et dulces moriens reminiscitur Argos."
Virgil, Æn., x. 782.

5. "... Red meteors flash'd along the sky,
And conscious Nature shudder'd at the cry."
Pleasures of Hope.

"... Fulsere ignes, et conscius æther."
Virgil, Æn., iv. 167.

6. "In hollow winds he hears a spirit moan."
Pleasures of Hope.

Shakespeare has the hollow whistling of the southern wind.

7. "The strings of Nature crack'd with agony."
Pleasures of Hope.

"His grief grew puissant. and the strings of life
Began to crack."—Shakspeare, King Lear.

8. "The fierce extremes of good and ill to brook."
Gertrude of Wyoming.

"... And feel by turns the bitter change
Of fierce extremes, extremes by change more fierce."
Milton, Par. Lost, ii. 599.

9. "His tassell'd horn beside him laid."
O'Connor's Child.

"... Ere th' odorous breath of morn
Awakes the slumbering leaves, or tassell'd horn
Shakes the high thicket."—Milton, Arcades.

10. "The scented wild-weeds and enamell'd moss."
Theodric.

Campbell thinks it necessary to explain this latter epithet in a note: "The
moss of Switzerland, as well as that of the Tyrol, is remarkable for a bright
smoothness approaching to the appearance of enamel." And yet was no one,
or both, of the following passages floating in his brain when his pen traced
the line?

"O'er the smooth enamell'd green
Where no print of sleep hath been."

Milton, Arcades.

"Here blushing Flora paints th' enamell'd ground."
Pope, Winsdor Forest. W. T. M.
Hong Kong.

"THE HANOVER RAT."

(Vol. vii. p. 206.)

An Essay on Irish Bulls is said to have found its way into a catalogue of
works upon natural history; with which precedent in my favour, and
pending the inquiries of naturalists, ratcatchers, and farmers into the
history of the above-named formidable invader, I hope Mr. Hibberd will
have no objection to my intruding a bibliographical curiosity under the
convenient head he has opened for it in "N. & Q."

My book, then, bears the appropriate title, An Attempt towards a Natural
History of the Hanover Rat, dedicated to P***m M******r, M.D., and S
——y to the Royal Society, 8vo., pp. 24.: London, 1744.

The writer of this curious piece takes his cue from that remarkable
production, An Attempt towards a Natural History of the Polype, 1743; in
which the learned Mr. Henry Baker, in a letter to Martin Folkes, of 218
pages, 8vo., illustrated by a profusion of woodcuts, elaborately describes
this link between the animal and vegetable creation, and the experiments he
practised upon the same: commencing with "cutting off a polype's head,"
and so on through a series of scientific barbarities upon his little creature,
which ended only in "turning a polype inside out!"

Following the plan of Mr. Baker, the anonymous author of The Hanover Rat
tells us, that, after thirty years' laborious research, he had satisfied himself
that this animal was not a native of these islands: "I cannot," he says,
"particularly mark the date of its first appearance, yet I think it is within the
memory of man;" and finding favour in its original mine affamée state with
a few of the most starved and hungry of the English rats from the common

sewer, he proceeds to show that it did extirpate the natives; but whether this
is the best account, or whether the facts of the case as here set forth will
satisfy your correspondent, is another thing. According to my authority, the
aboriginal rat was, at the period of writing, sorely put to it to maintain his
ground against the invading colonists and their unnatural allies the
providers; and the present work seems to have been an effort on the part of
one in the interest of the former to awaken them to a sense of their danger.
In his laudable attempts to rally their courage, this advocate reminds them
of a similar crisis when their country was infested with a species of frog
called Dutch frogs: "which no sooner," says he, "began to be mischievous,
than its growth and progress was stopped by the natives." "Had we," he
continues, "but the same public spirit with our ancestors, we need not
complain to-day of being eaten up by rats. Our country is the same, but
alas! we feel no more the same affection for it." In this way he stimulates
the invaded to a combined attack upon the common enemy, and we need
not tell our readers how successfully, nor how desperate the struggle, the
very next year; which ended in the complete ascendancy of the Hanover
rat, or reigning family, over the unlucky Jacobite native. Under his figure of
a rat, this Jacobite is very scurrilous indeed upon the Hanoverian
succession; and, continuing his polypian imitations, relates a few coarse
experiments upon his subject illustrative of its destructive properties,
voracity, and sagacity, which set at nought "all the contrivances of the
farmer to defend his barns; the trailer his warehouse; the gentleman his
land; or the inferior people their cup-boards and small beer cellars. No bars
or bolts can keep them out, nor can any gin or trap lay hold of them."

Luckily for us living in these latter days, we can extract amusement from
topics of this nature, which would have subjected our forefathers to severe
pains and penalties; and looking at the character and mischievous tendency
of The Hanover Rat, I am curious to know if Mary Cooper, the publisher,
was put under surveillance for her share in its production; for to me it
appears a more aggravated libel upon the reigning family than that of the
Norfolk Prophecy—for the publication of which, Boswell says, the great
Samuel Johnson had to play at hide and seek with the officers of justice.

The advent of both Pretenders was preceded by straws like these cast out by
their adherents, to try how the current set. The present jeu d'esprit, however,

is a double-shotted one: for, not content with tampering with the public
allegiance, this aboriginal rat seems more innocently enjoying a laugh at the
Royal Society, and its ingenious fellow Mr. Baker, in as far as regards the
aforesaid elaborate treatise upon polypes.
J. O.

FONT INSCRIPTIONS.

(Vol. vii., p. 408.)

Mr. Ellacombe desires examples of these. I can supply the following:—

At Bradley, Lincolnshire, is a very large font, of the Decorated period, with
this inscription round the bowl in black letter:

"Pater Noster, Ave Maria, and Criede, leren ye chyld yt es nede."

This is an early instance of the use of English for inscriptions. The sketch
was engraved in the work on Baptismal Fonts.

At Threckingham, Lincolnshire, I believe I succeeded in deciphering an
inscription round the font, which was said to have been previously studied
in vain. It is somewhat defaced; but in all probability the words are,—

"Ave Maria gracia p... d... t..."

i. e. of course, "plena, dominus tecum." The bowl of the font is Early
English; but the base, round which the inscription runs, appears to be of the
fifteenth century.

At Burgate, Suffolk, an inscription in black letter is incised on the upper
step of the font:

"[Orate pro an—b'] Will'mi Burgate militis et dne Elionore uxoris eius
qui istum fontem fieri fecerunt."

Sir William Burgate died in 1409. It is engraved in the Proceedings of the
Bury and West Suffolk Archæological Institute.

At Caistor, by Norwich:

"Orate pro animab ... liis ... ici de Castre."

At Walsoken, Norfolk:

"Remember the soul of S. Honyter and Margaret his wife, and John
Beforth, Chaplain."

with the date 1544.

At Gaywood, Norfolk, is a font of Gothic design, lust probably of post-
Reformation date. On four of the eight sides of the bowl are these
inscriptions:

"QVI . CREDIDE "VOCE . PATER
RIT . ET . BAPTI NATUS . CORPORE
ZATVS . FVERIT FLAMEN . AVE.
SALVVS . ERIT." MAT. 3."

"CHRISTVM . IN "I . AM . THY . GOD
DVISTIS . QVOT AND . THE . GOD
QVOT . BAPTI OF . THY . SEEDE.
ZATI . ESTIS." GEN."

At Tilney, All Saints, Norfolk, is an inscribed font so similar to the one last
mentioned that they are probably the works of the same designer.

On the cover of the font at Southacre, Norfolk, is this inscription:

"Orate p. aia. Mri. Rici. Gotts et dni Galfridi baker, Rectoris huj'
[ecclīe qui hoc] opus fieri fecet."

I may take the opportunity of adding two pulpit inscriptions; one at Utterby,
Lincolnshire, on the sounding-board:

"Quoties conscendo animo contimesco."

The other at Swarby, in the same county:

"O God my Saviour be my sped,
To preach thy word, men's soulls to fed."
C. R. M.

IRISH RHYMES—ENGLISH PROVINCIALISMS—
LOWLAND SCOTCH.

(Vol. vi., pp. 605, 606.)

Mr. Bede, who first called attention to a class of rhymes which he
denominated "Irish," seems to take it ill that I have dealt with his
observations as somewhat "hypercritical." I acknowledge the justness of his
criticism; but I did, and must still, demur to the propriety of calling certain
false rhymes peculiarly Irish, when I am able to produce similes from poets
of celebrity, who cannot stand excused by Mr. Bede's explanation, that the
rhymes in question "made music for their Irish ear." If, as he tells us, Mr.
Bede was not "blind to similar imperfections in English poets," I am yet to
learn why he should fix on "Swift's Irishisms," and call those errors a
national peculiarity, when he finds them so freely scattered through the
standard poetry of England?

Your correspondent J. H. T. suggests a new direction for inquiry on this
subject when he conjectures that the pronunciation now called Irish was,
"during the first half of the eighteenth century, the received pronunciation
of the most correct speakers of the day;" and Mr. Bede himself suggests
that provincialisms may sometimes modify the rhymes of even so correct a

versifier as Tennyson. I hope some of your contributors will have "drunk so
deep of the well of English undefiled" as to be competent to address
themselves to this point of inquiry. I cannot pretend to do much, being but a
shallow philologist; yet, since I received your last Number, I have lighted
on a passage in that volume of "omnifarious information" Croker's Boswell,
which will not be deemed inapplicable.

Boswell, during a sojourn at Lichfield in 1776, expressed a doubt as to the
correctness of Johnson's eulogy on his townsmen, as "speaking the purest
English," and instanced several provincial sounds, such as there pronounced
like fear, once like woonse. On this passage are a succession of notes:
Burney observes, that "David Garrick always said shupreme, shuperior."
Malone's note brings the case in point to ours when he says, "This is still the
vulgar pronunciation in Ireland; the pronunciation in Ireland is doubtless
that which generally prevailed in England in the time of Queen Elizabeth."
And Mr. Croker sums up the case thus:

"No doubt the English settlers carried over, and may have in some
cases preserved, the English idiom and accent of their day. Bishop
Kearny, as well as his friend Mr. Malone, thought that the most
remarkable peculiarity of Irish pronunciation, as in say for sea, tay for
tea, was the English mode, even down to the reign of Queen Anne; and
there are rhymes in Pope, and more frequently in Dryden, that
countenance that opinion. But rhymes cannot be depended upon for
minute identity of sound."—Croker's Notes, A.D. 1776.

If this explanation be adopted, it will account for the examples I have been
furnishing, and others which I find even among the harmonious rhymes of
Spenser (he might, however, have caught the brogue in Ireland); yet am I
free to own that to me popular pronunciation scarcely justifies the
committing to paper such loose rhymes as ought to grate on that fineness of
ear which is an essential faculty in the true poet; "here or awa'," in England
or Ireland, I continue to set them down to "slip-slop composition."

It may not be inappropriate to notice, that among Swift's eccentricities, we
find a propensity to "out-of-the-way rhymes." In his works are numerous
examples of couplets made apparently for no other purpose but to show that
no word could baffle him; and the anecdote of his long research for a rhyme

for the name of his old enemy Serjent Betsworth, and of the curious
accident by which he obtained it, is well known; from which we may
conclude that he was on the watch for occasions of exhibiting such rhymes
as rakewell and sequel, charge ye and clergy, without supposing him
ignorant that he was guilty of "lèse majesté" against the laws of correct
pronunciation.

When I asked Mr. Bede's decision on a palpable Cockneyism in verse, I did
so merely with a view, by a "tu quoque pleasantry," to enliven a discussion,
which I hope we may carry on and conclude in that good humour with
which I accept his parenthetic hint, that I have made "a bull" of my Pegasus.
I beg to submit to him, that, as I read the Classical Dictionary, it is from the
heels of Pegasus the fount of poetic inspiration is supposed to be derived;
and, further, that the brogue is not so malapropos to the heel as he imagines,
for in Ireland the brogue is in use as well to cover the understanding as to
tip the tongue. Could I enjoy the pleasure of Mr. Bede's company in a stroll
over my native mountains, he might find that there are occasions on which
he might be glad to put off his London-made shoe, and "to wear the brogue,
though speak none."
A. B. R.

P.S.—The postscriptum of J. H. T. respecting the pronunciation of English
being preserved in Scotland, goes direct to an opinion I long since formed,
that the Lowland Scotch, as we read it in the Waverley Novels, is the only
genuine unadulterated remains we have of the Saxon language, as used
before the Norman Conquest. I formed this opinion from continually tracing
what we call "braid Scotch" to its root, in Bosworth's, and other Saxon
dictionaries; and I lately found this fact confirmed and accounted for in a
passage of Verstegan, as follows:—He tells us that after the battle of
Hastings Prince Edgar Atheling, with his sisters Margaret and Christian,
retired into Scotland, where King Malcolm married the former of these
ladies; and proceeds thus:

"As now the English court, by reason of the aboundance of Normannes
therein, became moste to speak French, so the Scottish court, because
of the queen, and the many English that came with her, began to speak
English; the which language, it would seem, King Malcolm himself

had before that learned, and now, by reason of his queen, did more
affecte it. But the English toung, in fine, prevailed more in Scotland
than the French did in England; for English became the language of all
the south part of Scotland, the Irish (or Gaelic) having before that been
the general language of the whole country, since remaining only in the
north."—Verstegan's Restitution of Antiquities, A.D. 1605.

Many of your accomplished philological readers will doubtless consider the
information of this Note trivial and puerile; but they will, I hope, bear with
a tyro in the science, in recording an original remark of his own, borne out
by an authority so decisive as Verstegan.
A. B. R.

PICTURES BY HOGARTH.

(Vol. vii., pp. 339. 412.)

In reply to Amateur, I can inform him that at the sale of the Marlborough
effects at Marlborough House about thirty years ago, there were sold four or
five small whole-lengths in oil of members of that family. They were hardly
clever enough for what Hogarth's after-style would lead us to expect, but
there were many reasons for thinking they were by him. They came into the
possession of Mr. Croker, who presented them, as family curiosities, to the
second Earl Spencer, and they are now, I presume, in the gallery at
Althorpe. One of them was peculiarly curious as connected with a
remarkable anecdote of the great Duchess. Horace Walpole tells us in the
Reminiscences, her granddaughter, Lady Bateman, having persuaded her
brother, the young Duke of Marlborough, to marry a Miss Trevor without
the Duchess's consent:

"The grandam's rage exceeded all bounds. Having a portrait of Lady
Bateman, she blackened the face, and then wrote on it, 'Now her
outside's as black as her inside.'"

One of the portraits I speak of was of Lady Bateman, and bore on its face
evidence of having incurred some damage, for the coat of arms with which

(like all the others, and as was Hogarth's fashion) it was ornamented in one
corner, were angrily scratched out, as with a knife. Whether this defacement
gave rise to Walpole's story, or whether the face had been also blackened
with some stuff that was afterwards removed, seems doubtful; the picture
itself, according to my recollection, showed no mark but the armorial
defacement.

I much wonder this style of small whole-lengths has not been more
prevalent; they give the general air and manner of the personage so much
better than the bust size can do, and they are so much more suited to the
size of our ordinary apartments.
C.

Referring to An Amateur's inquiry as to where any pictures painted by
Hogarth are to be seen, I beg to say that I have in my possession, and
should be happy to show him, the portrait of Hogarth's wife (Sir William
Thornhill's daughter), painted by himself.
Lyndon Rolls.
Banbury.

The late Bishop Luscombe showed me, at Paris, in 1835, a picture of "The
Oratorio,"—a subject well known from Hogarth's etching. He told me that
he bought it at a broker's shop in the Rue St. Denis; that, on examination, he
found the frame to be English; and that, as the price was small—thirty
francs, if I remember rightly—he bought the piece, without supposing it to
be more than a copy. Sir William Knighton, on seeing it in the bishop's
collection, told him that Hogarth's original had belonged to the Dukes of
Richmond, and had been in their residence at Paris until the first
Revolution, since which time it had not been heard of; and Sir William had
no doubt that the bishop had been so fortunate as to recover it. Perhaps
some of your readers may have something to say on this story.
J. C. R.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Washing Collodion Process.—In "N. & Q.," No. 153., p. 320., your valued
correspondent Dr. Diamond states "that up to the final period of the
operation, no washing of the plate is requisite. It prevents, rather than
assists, the necessary chemical action.".

Now, in all other instructions I have yet seen, it is directed to wash off the
iron, or other developing solution, prior to immersing in the hypo., and
after such immersion, again to wash well in water. I shall feel greatly
obliged if Dr. D. will be kind enough to state whether the first-named
washing is requisite, or whether the properties of the hypo., or the beauty of
the picture, will be in any way injured by the previous solutions not having
been washed off, prior to the fixings.
C. W.
[We have submitted this Query to Dr. Diamond, who informs us that he never
adopts the practice of washing off the developing fluid, and considers it not only
needless, but sometimes prejudicial, as when such washing has not been resorted
to, the hyposulphite solution flows more readily over the picture, and causes
none of the unpleasant stains which frequently occur in pictures which have been
previously washed, especially if hard water has been used. But besides this, and
the saving of time, the doing away with this unnecessary washing economises
water, which in out-door practice is often a great consideration. Dr. Diamond
would again impress upon our readers the advantage of using the hyposulphite
over and over again, merely keeping up its full strength by the addition of fresh
crystals of the salt from time to time, as such practice produces pictures of whiter
and softer tone than are ever produced by the raw solution.]

Colouring Collodion Pictures (Vol. vii., p. 388.)—A patent has just been
taken out (dated September 23, 1852) for this purpose, by Mons. J. L.
Tardieu, of Paris. He terms his process tardiochromy. It consists in applying
oil or other colours at the back of the pictures, so as to give the requisite
tints to the several parts of the photograph, without at all interfering with its
extreme delicacy. It may even, in some cases, be used to remedy defects in
the photographic picture. The claim is essentially for the application of
colours at the back, instead of on the surface of photographs, whatever kind
of colours may be used. It is therefore, of course, applicable only to
photographs taken on paper, glass, or some transparent material.
A. C. Wilson.

Wanted, a simple Test for a good Lens.—As all writers on Photography
agree that the first great essential for successful practice is a good lens—

that is to say, a lens of which the visual and chemical foci coincide—can
any of the scientific readers of "N. & Q." point out any simple test by which
unscientific parties desirous of practising photography may be enabled to
judge of the goodness of a lens? A country gentleman, like myself, may
purchase a lens from an eminent house, with an assurance that it is
everything that can be desired (and I am not putting an imaginary case), and
may succeed in getting beautiful images upon his focussing-glass, but very
unsatisfactory pictures; and it may not be until he has almost abandoned
photography, in despair at his own want of skill, that he has the opportunity
of showing his apparatus, manipulation, &c. to some more practised hand,
who is enabled to prove that the lens was not capable of doing what the
vendors stated it could do. Surely scientific men must know of a simple test
which would save the disappointment I have described; and I hope some
one will take pity upon me, and send it to "N. & Q.," for the benefit of
myself and every other
Country Practitioner.

Photographic Tent—Restoration of Faded Negatives.—In Vol. vii., p. 462.,
I find M. F. M. inquiring for a cheap and portable tent, effective for
photographic operations out of doors. I have for the last two years, and in
mid-day (June), prepared calotype paper, and also the collodion glass plates,
for the camera, under a tent of glazed yellow calico of only a single
thickness: the light admitted is very great, but does not in the least injure the
most sensitive plate or paper. It is made square like a large bag, so that in a
room I can use it double as a blind; and out of doors, in a high wind, I have
crept into it, and prepared my paper opposite the object I intended to
calotype.

I should be glad it any of your readers would inform me how a failed
negative calotype can be restored to its original strength. I last year took a
great number, some of which have nearly faded away; and others are as
strong, and as able to be used to print from, as when first done. The paper
was prepared with the single iodide of silver solution, and rendered
sensitive with aceto-nitrate sil. and gallic acid in the usual way. I attribute
the fading to the hyposulphate not being got rid of; and the question is, Can
the picture he restored?

Are Dr. Diamond's Notes published yet?
S. S. B., Jun.

Replies to Minor Queries.
Gibbon's Library (Vol. vii., p. 407.).—I visited it in 1825, in company with
Dr. Scholl, of Lausanne, who took charge of it for Mr. Beckford. It was sold
between 1830 and 1835, partly by auction, partly by private sale in detail.
James Dennistoun.

Robert Drury (Vol. v., p. 533.).—I am afraid that the credit attachable to
Drury's Madagascar is not supported or strengthened by the announcement
that the author was "every day to be spoken with" at Old Tom's Coffee
House in Birchin Lane. The Apparition of Mrs. Veal, and other productions
of a similar description, should make us very doubtful as regards the
literature of the earlier part of the eighteenth century. Might not a person
have been suborned to represent the fictitious Robert Drury, to the benefit
of the coffee-house keeper as well as the publisher? I am induced to express
this suspicion by a parallel case of the same period. The Ten Years' Voyages
of Captain George Roberts, London, 1726, is universally, I believe,
considered fictitious, and ascribed to Defoe; yet at the end of the work we
find:

"N. B.—The little boy so often mentioned in the foregoing sheets, now
lives with Mr. Galapin, a tobacconist, in Monument Yard; and may be
referred to for the truth of most of the particulars before related."
W. Pinkerton.
Ham.

Grub Street Journal (Vol. vii., p. 383.).—Mr. James Crossley, after quoting
Eustace Budgell's conjectures as to the writers of this paper, leaves it as
doubtful whether Pope was or was not one of them. The poet has himself
contradicted Budgell's insinuation when he retorted upon him in those
terrible lines (alluding to his alleged forgery of a will):

"Let Budgell charge low Grub Street to my quill,
And write whate'er he please—except my will!"

Alexander Andrews.

Wives of Ecclesiastics (Vol. i., p. 115.).—In considering "the statutes made
by Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas, Archbishop of York, and all
the other bishops of England," ann. 1108, interdicting the marriage of
ecclesiastics, might it not be worth investigating, by such of your
correspondents as are curious on the subject, what had been the antecedents
of the several bishops themselves?

With respect to Thomas II., Archbishop of York, it is historically certain,
that he was the son of an ecclesiastic, and likewise the grandson of an
ecclesiastic (his father being one of the bishops who concurred in these
statutes). Neither does it seem altogether unlikely that Thomas himself also
had spent some part of his early life in bonds of wedlock, since we learn
from the Monasticon (vol. iii. p. 490. of new edit.), that "Thomas, son of
Thomas (the second of that name), Archbishop of York, confirmed what his
predecessors, Thomas and Girard, had given," &c. If this be correct, as
stated[4], the conclusion is inevitable; but possibly some error may have
arisen out of the circumstance, that Thomas I. and Thomas II., Archbishops
of York, were uncle and nephew.
J. Sansom.
Footnote 4:(return)

Robertus Bloëtus also, who was still Bishop of Lincoln, and Rogerus, Bishop of
Salisbury, appear to have had sons, though, perhaps, not born in wedlock; but
query.

Blanco White.—In Vol. vii., p. 404., is a copy of a sonnet which is said to
be "on the Rev. Joseph Blanco White." This sonnet is one which I have
been in search of for some years. I saw it in a newspaper (I believe the
Athenæum), but not having secured a copy of it at the time, now ten or
twelve years ago, I have had occasion to regret it ever since, and am
consequently much obliged to Balliolensis for his preservation of it in "N.
& Q." "It is needless," as he well observes, "to say anything in its praise." I
should add, that my strong impression is that this sonnet was written by
Blanco White.
H. C. K.

—— Rectory, Hereford.

Captain Ayloff (Vol. vii., p. 429.).—Your correspondent will find a short
notice of Capt. Ayloff in Jacob's Poetical Register (1719-20, 8vo., 2 vols.),
and two of his poetical pieces—"Marvell's Ghost" and the "Cambridge
Commencement"—in Nichols's Collection of Poems (vol. iii. pp. 186-188.),
1780, 12mo. There is considerable vigour in his "Marvell's Ghost;" and had
he cultivated his talent, he might have taken a respectable place as a poet
amongst the writers of his time.
Jas. Crossley.

General Monk and the University of Cambridge (Vol. vii., p. 427.).—I
cannot doubt that "W. D." was Dr. William Dillingham, Master of
Emmanuel College, and Vice-Chancellor of the University, from November
1659 till November 1660.

The election to which his letter relates took place April 3, 1660. The votes
were:

Lord General Moncke — 341
Thomas Crouch, M.A., Fellow of Trin. Coll. — 211
Oliver St. John, Chancellor of the University — 157

The Vice-Chancellor, in his accounts, makes this charge:

"Paid to two messengers sent to wait on ye Lord Generall about ye
burgesship, 4l. 10s."—M. S. Baker, xl. 59.

On the 22nd of May, General Monk, who had been also chosen for
Devonshire, made his election to sit for that county.
C. H. Cooper.
Cambridge.

In reply to Leicestriensis, I beg leave to inform him that "W. D." was Wm.
Dillingham, D.D., master of Clare Hall, and at the time Vice-Chancellor of
the University of Cambridge. The letter in question, which was the original
draft, was, with a variety of other family papers, stolen from me in 1843.
J. P. Ord.

P.S.—Query, from whom did the present possessor obtain it?

The Ribston Pippin (Vol. vii., p. 436.).—The remarks of your correspondent
H. C. K., respecting the uncertain origin of the Ribston pippin, reminded me
of a communication which I received about fifty years ago, from one of the
sisters of the late Sir Henry Goodricke, the last of the family who possessed
Ribston. Though it leaves the question concerning the origin of that
excellent apple unsettled, yet it may not be uninteresting to H. C. K. and
some others of your numerous readers. I therefore send a transcript:

"Tradition of the Ribston Pippin Tree.

"About the beginning of the last century, Sir Henry Goodricke, father of the
late Sir John Goodricke, had three pips sent by a friend in a letter from
Rouen in Normandy, which were sown at Ribston. Two of the pips
produced nothing: the third is the present tree, which is in good health, and
still continues to bear fruit."

"Another Account.

"Sir Henry, the father of the late Sir John Goodricke, being at Rouen in
Normandy, preserved the pips of some fine flavoured apples, and sent them
to Ribston, where they were sown, and the produce in due time planted in
what then was the park. Out of seven trees planted, five proved decided
crabs, and are all dead. The other two proved good apples; they never were
grafted, and one of them is the celebrated original Ribston pippin tree."

The latter tradition has, I believe, always been considered as the most
correct.
S. D.

Cross and Pile (Vol. vi., passim.).—The various disquisitions of your
correspondents on the word pile are very ingenious; but I think it is very
satisfactorily explained as "a ship" by Joseph Scaliger in De Re nummaria
Dissertatio, Leyden, 1616:

"Macrobius de nummo ratito loquens, qui erat æreus: ita fuisse
signatum hodieque intelligitur in aleæ lusu, quum pueri denarios in

sublime jactantes, Capita aut Navia, lusu teste vetustatis
exclamant."—P. 58.

And in Scaligerana (prima):

"Nummus ratitus—ce qu'aujourd'hui nous appellons jouer à croix ou à
pile, car pile est un vieil mot français qui signifiait un Navire, unde
Pilote. Ratitus nummus erat ex ære, sic dictus ab effigie ratus."—Tom.
ii., Amsterdam, 1740, p. 130.

See also, Auctores Latinæ Linguæ, by Gothofred, 1585, p. 169. l. 53. Also,
Dictionnaire National of M. Bescherelle, tome ii. p 885., Paris, 1846, art.
Pile (subst. fém.)

En passant, allow me to point out a very curious and interesting account of
this game, being the pastime of Edward II., in the Antiquarian Repertory,
by Grose and Astle: Lond. 1808, 4to., vol. ii. pp 406-8.
Φ.
Richmond, Surrey.

Ellis Walker (Vol. vii., p. 382.).—

"Ellis Walker, D.D.," according to Ware, "was born in the city of York;
but came young into Ireland, and was educated in the college of
Dublin, where he passed through all his degrees. He fled from thence
in the troublesome reign of King James II., and lived with an uncle at
York, where he translated Epictetus into verse. After the settlement of
Ireland he returned, and for seven years employed himself with great
reputation in teaching a public school at Drogheda, where he died on
the 17th April, 1701, in the fortieth year of his age; and was buried
there in St. Peter's Church, and twenty years after had a monument
erected to his memory by one of his scholars."
Tyro.
Dublin.

Blackguard (Vol. vii., pp. 77. 273.).—I am not aware that the following
extract from Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy has ever yet been quoted

under this heading. Would it not be worth the while to add it to the extract
from Hobbes's Microcosmos, quoted by Jarltzberg, Vol. ii., p. 134. and
again, by Sir J. Emerson Tennent at Vol. vii., p. 78.:

"The same author, Cardan, in his Hyperchen, out of the doctrine of the
Stoicks, will have some of these genii (for so he calls them) to be
desirous of men's company, very affable and familiar with them, as
dogs are; others again, to abhor as serpents, and care not for them. The
same, belike, Trithemius calls igneos et sublunares, qui numquam
demergunt ad inferiora, aut vix ullum habent in terris commercium:
generally they far excel men in worth, as a man the meanest worm;
though some there are inferiour to those of their own rank in worth, as
the black guard in a princes court, and to men again, as some
degenerate, base, rational creatures are excelled of brute beasts."—
Anat. of Mel., Part I. sec. 2. Mem. 1. subs. 2. [Blake, 1836, p. 118.]
C. Forbes.
Temple.

In looking over the second volume of "N. & Q.," I find the use of the word
blackguard is referred to, and passages illustrative of its meaning are given
from the works of Beaumont and Fletcher, Hobbes, Butler, &c. To these
may be added the following fanciful use of the word, which occurs in the
poems of Charles Sackville, Earl of Dorset; the author of the well-known
naval song "To all you Ladies now at Land:"

"Love is all gentleness, all joy,
Smooth are his looks, and soft his pace.
Her [Belinda's] Cupid is a blackguard boy,
That rubs his link full in your face."
Cuthbert Bede, B.A.

Talleyrand (Vol. vi., p. 575.).—Talleyrand's maxim is in Young. I regret that
I cannot give the reference.
Z. E. R.

Lord King and Sclater (Vol. v., pp. 456. 518.).—By Sclater's answer, "as I
am informed, the Lord Chancellor King was himself fully convinced."—

Zach. Grey's Review of Neal, p. 67., edit. 1744.

"Beware the Cat" (Vol. v., p. 319.).-The "dignitary of Cambridge" was
probably Dr. Thackeray, provost of King's, who bequeathed all his black-
letter books to the college. Perhaps Beware the Cat may be among them.
Z. E. R.

"Bis dat qui cito dat" (Vol. vi., p. 376.).—The following Greek is either in
the Anthologia, or in Joshua Barnes:

"ὠκεῖαι χάριτος γλυκερώτεραι, ἢν δὲ βραδυνῇ πᾶσα χάρις
φθινύθει, μηδὲ λέγοιτο χαρις."

"Gratia ab officio quod mora tardat, abest."
Z. E. R.

High Spirits a Presage of Evil.—The Note of your correspondent Cuthbert
Bede (Vol. vii., p. 339.) upon this very interesting point recalls to my
recollection a line or two in Gilfillan's First Gallery of Literary Portraits, p.
71., which bears directly upon it. Speaking of the death of Percy Bysshe
Shelley, the author says, "During all the time he spent in Leghorn, he was in
brilliant spirits, to him a sure prognostic of coming evil." I may add, that I
have been on terms of intimacy with various persons who entertained a
dread of finding themselves in good spirits, from a strong conviction that
some calamity would be sure to befall them. This is a curious psychological
question, worthy of attention.
W. Sawyer.
Brighton.

Colonel Thomas Walcot (Vol. vii., p. 382.) married Jane, the second
daughter of James Purcel of Craugh, co. Limerick, and had by her six sons
and two daughters: John, the eldest, who married Sarah Wright of Holt, in
Denbighshire; Thomas, Ludlow, and Joseph, which last three died
unmarried; Edward (who died an infant); William (of whom I have no
present trace); Catherine and Bridget. The latter married, first, Mr. Cox of
Waterford, and second, Robert Allen of Garranmore, co. Tipperary. John,
the eldest son, administered to his father, and possessed himself of his

estates and effects. I think his son was a John Minchin Walcot, who
represented Askeaton in Parliament in 1751, died in London in 1753, and
was buried in St. Margaret's churchyard. Two years after his death his eldest
daughter married William Cecil Pery, of the line of Viscount Pery, and had
by him Edmund Henry Pery, member of parliament for Limerick in 1786. A
William Walcot was on the Irish establishment appointed a major in the 5th
Regiment of Foot in 1769, but I cannot just now say whether, or how, he
was related to Colonel Thomas Walcot.
John D'Alton.
Dublin.

Wood of the Cross: Mistletoe (Vol. vii., p. 437.).—Was S. S. S.'s farmer a
native of an eastern county? If he came from any part where Scandinavian
traditions may be supposed to have prevailed, there may be some connexion
between the myth, that the mistletoe furnished the wood for the cross, and
that which represents it as forming the arrow with which Hödur, at the
instigation of Lok, the spirit of evil, killed Baldyr. I have met with a
tradition in German, that the aspen tree supplied the wood for the cross, and
hence shuddered ever after at the recollection of its guilt.
T. H. L.

The tradition to which I have been always accustomed is, that the aspen was
the tree of which the cross was formed, and that its tremulous and quivering
motion proceeded from its consciousness of the awful use to which it had
once been put.
W. Fraser.
Tor-Mohun.

Irish Office for Prisoners (Vol. vii, p 410.).—The best reference for English
readers is to Bishop Mant's edition of the Prayer-Book, in which this office
is included.
J. C. R.

Andries de Græff: Portraits at Brickwall House (Vol. vii, p. 406.).
—"Andries de Græff. Obiit lxxiii., MDCLXXIV." Was this gentleman related
to, or the father of, Regulus de Græf, a celebrated physician and anatomist,
born in July, 1641, at Scomharen, a town in Holland, where his father was

the first architect? Regulus de Græf married in 1672, and died in 1673, at
the early age of thirty-two. He published several works, chiefly De Organis
Generationis, &c. (See Hutchinson's Biographia Medica; and, for a
complete list of his works, Lindonius Renovatus, p. 933.: Nuremberg, 1686,
4to.)
S. S. S.
Bath.

"Qui facit per alium, facit per se" (Vol. vii., p. 382.).—This is one of the
most ordinary maxims or "brocards" of the common law of Scotland, and
implies that the employer is responsible for the acts of his servant or agent,
done on his employment. Beyond doubt it is borrowed from the civil law,
and though I cannot find it in the title of the digest, De Diversis Regulis
Juris Antiqui (lib. 1. tit. 17.), I am sure it will be traced either to the "Corpus
Juris," or to one of the commentators thereupon.
W. H. M.

Christian Names (Vol. vii., p. 406.).—When Lord Coke says "a man cannot
have two names of baptism, as he may have divers surnames," he does not
mean that a man may not have two or more Christian names given to him at
the font, but that, while he may have "divers surnames at divers times," he
may not have divers Christian names at divers times.

When a man changes his Christian name, he alters his legal identity. The
surname, however, is assumable at pleasure. The use of surnames came into
England, according to Camden, about the time of the Conquest, but they
were not in general use till long after that. Many branches of families used
to substitute the names of their estate or residence for their patronymic,
which often makes the tracing of genealogies a difficult matter. It was not
till the middle of the fourteenth century that surnames began to descend
from father to son, and a reference to any old document of the time will
show how arbitrarily such names were assumed.

A surname, in short, may be called a matter of convenience; a Christian
name, a matter of necessity. The giving two Christian names at baptism did
not come generally into use till, owing to the multiplication of the
patronymic, a single Christian name became insufficient to identify the

individual. Consequently an instance of a double Christian name, previous
to the commencement of the eighteenth century, is a rarity. The fifth and
sixth earls of Northumberland bore the names of Henry-Algernon Percy.
The latter died in 1537.

As to the period at which Christian names were assumed as surnames, your
correspondent Ericas is referred to Lower's English Surnames.
H. C. K.
—— Rectory, Hereford.

Your correspondent Erica will not, I think, find an instance in this country
of a person having more than one Christian name before the last century.
Charles James Fox and William Wyndham Grenville are the two earliest
instances I can find. It is trivial but curious to observe, that in the lists given
at the beginning of the Oxford Calendar of the heads of colleges and halls
from their several foundations, the first who appears with two Christian
names is the venerable president of Magdalene College. Antony Ashley
Cooper is only a seeming exception; his surname was Ashley-Cooper, as is
proved by his contributing the letter a to the word cabal, the nickname of
the ministry of which he formed a part. We find the custom common
enough in Germany at the time of the Reformation, and still earlier in Italy.
I apprehend that its origin is really in the tria nomina of Roman freemen. It
was introduced into this country through our royal family, but I am not
aware of any prince who had the benefit of it before Charles James.

I apprehend the passage which Erica quotes from Lord Coke has not the
significance which he attributes to it. A man can have but one Christian or
baptismal name, of however many single names or words that baptismal
name may be composed. I have spoken in this letter of two Christian names,
in order to be more intelligible at the expense of correctness.
J. J. H.
Temple.

Lamech's War-song (Vol. vii., p. 432.).—There have been many
speculations about the origin and meaning of these lines. I agree with
Ewald in Die Poetischen Bücher des Alten Bundes, vol. i., who calls it a
"sword-song;" and I imagine it might have been preserved by tradition

among the Canaanitish nations, and so quoted by Moses as familiar to the
Israelites. I should translate it—

"Adah and Zillah, hear ye my voice!
Wives of Lemek, heed ye my saying!
For man do I slay, for my wound;
And child, for my bruise.
For seven-fold is Cain avenged,
And Lemek seventy-fold and seven."

Bishop Hall, in his Explication of Hard Texts, paraphrases it thus:

"And Lamech said to his wives, 'Adah and Zillah, what tell you me of
any dangers and fears? Hear my voice, oh ye faint-hearted wives of
Lamech, and hearken unto my speech; I pass not of the strength of my
adversary: for I know my own valour and power to revenge; if any
man give me but a wound or a stroke, though he be never so young
and lusty, I can and will kill him dead.'"

Your correspondent H. Walter says that "every branch of Cain's family was
destroyed by the Deluge." Where is the authority to be found for the
tradition, quoted in an Introduction to the Books of Moses, by James
Morison, p. 26., that Naameh, the daughter of Lamech the Cainite and
Zillah, married Ham, the son of Noah, and thus survived the Flood?
W. Fraser.
Tor-Mohun.

Traitor's Ford (Vol. vii., p. 382.).—Nothing is known of any legend in
connexion with the stirring events of the battle of Edgehill, or its times, and
the origin of the name is a matter of speculation. One Trait had lands near
this stream, and it is thought by some that, from this circumstance, it is
properly Trait's Ford, corrupted into Traitor's Ford,—a locality well known
to sportsmen as a favourite meet of the Warwickshire hounds.
A. B. R.
Banbury.

Miscellaneous.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

We understand the Committee appointed by the Society of Antiquaries to
consider the best mode of restoring the Society to its former efficient state,
have agreed upon their Report, and also to the revised laws to be
recommended to the Fellows for adoption. Of the nature of alterations
suggested, we know nothing; for while, on the one hand, it is stated that the
Report recommends changes of a most sweeping character, on the other it is
rumoured that the changes to be proposed are neither many nor important.
The truth in this, as in most cases, no doubt lies midway between the two:
and the Report will probably be found to breathe a spirit of conservative
reform. Embracing, as the proposed changes necessarily must, points on
which great difference of opinion has existed, and may continue to exist, we
hope they will receive the impartial consideration of the Fellows; and that
they will bear in mind, that in coming to the conclusions at which they have
arrived, the Committee have had the advantage of sources of information,
necessarily beyond the reach of the body generally; and that those very
recommendations, which at first sight may seem most open to objection,
may probably be those which their information most completely justifies.

Books Received.—Young's Night Thoughts, or Life, Death, and
Immortality, revised and collated with the early Quarto Editions, with a Life
of the Author by Dr. Doran. This new, handsomely printed, and carefully
edited reprint of the great work of this noble and original writer, is rendered
more valuable by the well-written and critical Memoir of Young, which Dr.
Doran has prefixed to it.—The National Miscellany, May 1853. The first
Number of a New Magazine just issued by Mr. Parker (Oxford), with every
promise of realising the objects for which it has been projected, namely, "to
aid the elevation of the reader's mind, to raise some glow of generous
desire, some high and noble thoughts, some kindly feeling, and a warm
veneration for all things that are good and true."—Cyclopædia
Bibliographica, Part VIII. This most useful work is in the present Part

carried from Fawcett (John) to Göthe. Every fresh issue of it affords
additional evidence of the great utility which the complete work will prove
to all authors, preachers, students, and literary men.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Rev. A. Dyce's Edition of Dr. Richard Bentley's Works. Vol. III.
Published by Francis Macpherson, Middle Row, Holborn. 1836.

Dissertation on Isaiah XVIII., in a Letter to Edward King, Esq., by
Samuel Lord Bishop of Rochester (Horsley). The Quarto Edition, printed
for Robson. 1779.

History of Ancient Wilts, by Sir R. C. Hoare. The last three Parts.

Ben Jonson's Works. 9 Vols. 8vo. Vols. II., III., IV. Bds.

Sir Walter Scott's Novels. 41 Vols. 8vo. The last nine Vols. Boards.

Jacob's English Peerage. Folio Edition, 1766. Vols. II., III., and IV.

Gammer Gurton's Needle.

Alison's Europe. (20 Vols.) Vols. XIII., XX.

Abbotsford Edition of the Waverley Novels. Odd Vols.

The Truth Teller. A Periodical.

*** Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
their names.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to
Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

H. C. B. No.

J. D. Lucas (Bristol). The inscription is Dutch, and means "Praise God for
all things."

Walter J. Watts will find much of the literary history of the Travels of
Baron Munchausen, which were written in ridicule of Bruce, the Abyssinian
traveller, in our 3rd Vol., pp. 117, 305, 453.

P. P. Longfellow is an American, having been born at Portland. He is now,
we believe, Professor of Modern Languages and Belles Lettres at
Cambridge University, U.S.

A Briton must be aware that if we were so far to depart from our plan of
avoiding religious controversy, as to insert his Query, we should be inviting
endless disputes and discussions, such as our pages could not contain, or
our readers endure.

C. M. I. The sides of the stage are described in Stage Directions as O. P.
and P. S., i. e. Opposite Promp. (or Prompter) and Promp. Side.

General Sir Dennis Pack (Vol. vii., p. 453.).—"As the purport of the Query
may be defeated by two misprints in my communication relative to this
gallant soldier, may I beg of your readers for 'French rebels,' to substitute
'Irish rebels;' and for 'Ballinakell,' 'Ballinakill.' I am willing to lay the
blame of these errata on my own cacography, rather than on the printer's
back.
James Graves.
Kilkenny."

Photographic Correspondence. Replies to our photographic
Correspondents next week.

A few complete sets of "Notes and Queries," Vols. i. to vi., price Three
Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable.

"Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to

their Subscribers on the Saturday.

PURE NERVOUS or MIND COMPLAINTS.—If the readers of Notes
and Queries, who suffer from depression of spirits, confusion, headache,
blushing, groundless fears, unfitness for business or society, blood to the
head, failure of memory, delusions, suicidal thoughts, fear of insanity, &c.,
will call on, or correspond with, REV. DR. WILLIS MOSELEY, who, out
of above 22,000 applicants, knows not fifty uncured who have followed his
advice, he will instruct them how to get well, without a fee, and will render
the same service to the friends of the insane.—At home from 11 to 3.

18. BLOOMSBURY STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.—ROYAL POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTION.

The SCHOOL is NOW OPEN for instruction in all branches of
Photography, to Ladies and Gentlemen, on alternate days, from Eleven till
Four o'clock, under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has
long been connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the
Chemist to the Institution.

A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution.

XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic
Establishments. The superiority of this preparation is now generally
acknowledged. In all cases where a quantity is required, the two solutions
may be had at wholesale price in separate bottles; in which state it may be
kept for years, and exported to any climate. Full instructions for use.

Caution.—Each bottle is stamped with a red label, bearing my name,

RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall.

CYANOGEN SOAP for removing instantaneously Photographic Stains
from the Hands, and cleansing all kinds of Photographic Dishes, Glasses,
Linen, &c. Prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10 Pall Mall,
Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals, and may be procured of all
respectable Chemists; in pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through
MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Church Yard—MESSRS. BARCLAY,
95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.

PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM.
One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth, price 6s.,

THE ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM; or, PORTFOLIO OF
ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS; relating to—

Language, Literature, and Government.
Architecture and Sculpture.
Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Discoveries.
Articles of Dress, &c.
Titles, Dignities, &c.
Names, Trades, Professions.
Parliament, Laws, &c.
Universities and Religious Sects.
Epithets and Phrases.
Remarkable Customs.
Games, Field Sports.
Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week.
Remarkable Localities, &c. &c.

By WILLIAM PULLEYN.

The Third Edition, revised and improved, by MERTON A. THOMAS, ESQ.

London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside.

Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s., 4d.,

THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE
GRAY'S NEW EDITION. Translated from the French.

Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S
celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.

General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's. Canson Frères', La Croix, and other
Talbotype Papers.

Pure Photographic Chemicals.

Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Paper of Whatman's,
Turners, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.

Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
Paternoster Row, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful
Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA,
&c.) may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also
be procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
practice of Photography in all its Branches.

Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of
Silver).—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in

England who published the application of this agent (see Athenæum, Aug.
14th). Their Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary
sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be
exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J.
B. HOCKIN & CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all
APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the
Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the
open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the
best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.

PHOTOGRAPHY—HORNE & CO.'s Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.

BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION,
No. 1. Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to
all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE.
Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto,
in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas.
Superior Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas.
Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every
Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed.
Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.

BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
the Board of Ordinance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE
ASSURANCE SOCIETY.

Established 1824.

FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum
of 131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the
different ages from 24-1/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the
five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured.

The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being
now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits
obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK
OF PARTNERSHIP.

POLICIES effected before the 30th of June next, will be entitled, at the next
Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers.

On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be
paid for the first five years.

INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.

Claims paid thirty days after proof of death, and all Policies are
Indisputable except in cases of fraud.

Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the
Society's Agents, or of
GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.
99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London.

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842.

Directors.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
W. Cabell, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
T. Grissell, Esq.
J. Hunt, Esq.
J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
E. Lucas, Esq.
J. Lys Seager, Esq.
J. B. White, Esq.
J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Trustees.

W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.

Physician.—William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on the
Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-
fourths of the Profits:—

Age £ s. d.

17 1 14 4

22 1 18 8

27 2 4 5

32 2 10 8

37 2 18 6

42 3 8 2

ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on
BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the
Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

A LITERARY CURIOSITY, sent Free by Post on receipt of Three
Postage Stamps. A Fac-simile of a very remarkably Curious, Interesting,
and Droll Newspaper of Charles II.'s Period.

J. H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.

WANTED, for the Ladies' Institute, 83. Regent Street, Quadrant. LADIES
of taste for fancy work.—by paying 21s. will be received as members, and
taught the new style of velvet wool work, which is acquired in a few easy
lessons. Each lady will be guaranteed constant employment and ready cash
payment for her work. Apply personally to Mrs. Thoughey. N. B. Ladies
taught by letter at any distance from London.

UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by
Act of Parliament in 1834.—8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.

HONORARY PRESIDENTS.

Earl of Courtown
Earl Leven and Melville
Earl of Norbury
Earl of Stair
Viscount Falkland
Lord Elphinstone
Lord Belhaven and Stenton
Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan

LONDON BOARD.

Chairman.—Charles Graham, Esq.
Deputy-Chairman.—Charles Downes, Esq.

H. Blair Avarne, Esq.
E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., Resident.
C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.
William Fairlie, Esq.
D. Q. Henriques, Esq.
J. G. Henriques, Esq.
F. C. Maitland, Esq.
William Railton, Esq.
F. H. Thomson, Esq.
Thomas Thorby, Esq.

MEDICAL OFFICERS.

Physician.—Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D.,
8. Bennett Street, St. James's.

Surgeon.—F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.

The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is
as follows:—

Sum added to
Policy Sum
Sum Time Payable
Assured Assured. at
In In Death.
1841. 1848.

£ s. £ s.
£ £ s. d.
d. d.

683 787 6470
5000 14 years
6 8 10 0 16 8

157 1157
* 1000 7 years -
10 0 10 0

11 5 511 5
500 1 year -
0 0

* Example.—At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty
took out a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in
1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d.; but the profits being 2-1/4 per

cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for each
1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the
premiums paid.

The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only one-
half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for Life.
Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident Director.

HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent
free by post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED
different Bedsteads: also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
Quilts. And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-
room Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render
their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.

HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham
Court Road.

MR. HALLIWELL'S
FOLIO EDITION OF SHAKSPEARE.

SPECIMEN COPIES of the First Volume of this Work may be seen at MR.
SKEFFINGTON'S, 192. Piccadilly, and at MR. RUSSELL SMITH'S, 36.
Soho Square, London.

The Editor having, at a great sacrifice, adhered to the original limit, and the
estimates having been considerably exceeded, has been compelled, to avoid
incurring an extravagant loss, to make the terms very absolute, and to raise
the Subscription to the later copies. Notwithstanding, therefore, the great
demand for the Work, a few copies may still be secured by early written
application.

All communications on the subject are requested to be addressed to—

J. O. HALLIWELL, ESQ., Avenue Lodge, Brixton Hill, Surrey.

TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL
GAZETTE.

(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY)

Of Saturday May 7, contains Articles on

Agriculture, history of
Attraction, capillary
Barley, to transplant, by Messrs. Hardy
Beetle, instinct of
Books noticed
Butterfly, instinct of
Calendar, horticultural
——, agricultural
Columnea Schiedeana
Dahlia, the, by Mr. Edwards
Digging machine, Samuelson's
Eggs, to keep
Farm leases, by Mr. Morton
Frost, plants injured by
Grapes, colouring
Green, German, by Mr. Prideaux
Heat, bottom
Heating, gas, by Mr. Lucas
Ireland, tenant-right in
Kilwhiss v. Rothamsted experiments, by Mr. Russell
Land, transfer of
Law of transfer
Leases, farm, by Mr. Morton
Level, new plummet, by Mr. Ennis
Nelumbium luteum
Orchard houses, by Mr. Russell (with engravings)

Orchids, sale of
Paints, green, by Mr. Prideaux
Plants, effects of frost on
——, bottom-heat for
Potatoe disease, by Mr. Hopps
Rooks
Schools, self-supporting
Society of Arts
Societies, proceedings of the Horticultural, Linnean, National Floricultural,
Agricultural of England
Sparrows
Strawberry, Cuthill's
Tenant-right in Ireland
Veitch's Nursery, Chelsea
Water Lilies, eradicating
Winter, the late

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE
contains, in addition to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane,
Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay,
Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed Markets, and a complete Newspaper,
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ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper
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Published on the 4th May, 1853, in One Volume 4to., cloth, price 24s.

A NEW GREEK HARMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS, including an
Introductory Treatise, and numerous Tables, Indexes, and Diagrams. By
WILLIAM STROUD, M.D.

SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, 15. Paternoster Row, London.

MUSEUM OF CLASSICAL ANTIQUITIES.
Vol. II. Pt. 4. 6s. 6d., and Supplement 5s., April and May, 1853.

ON THE TRUE SITE OF CALVARY, with a restored Plan of the ancient
City of JERUSALEM.

By

T. RICHARDS, 37. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn.

NEW EDITION OF LAYS OF THE SCOTTISH CAVALIERS.

On Monday will be published in fcap. 8vo., a new Edition, being the
SIXTH, of

LAYS OF THE SCOTTISH CAVALIERS. By W. EDMONSTOUN
AYTOUN. Price 7s. 6d.

WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.

This day is published,

PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATIONS of the Catalogue of Manuscripts in
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Being Facsimiles of Illumination, Text, and Autograph, done in Lithograph,
4to. size, with Letter-press Description in 8vo., as Companion to the
published Catalogue, price 1l. 4s.

A few copies may be had of which the colouring of the Plates is more
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Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON.

London: GEORGE BELL.

CONCLUDING VOLUME OF ARNOLD'S SELECTIONS FROM
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SELECTIONS from CICERO. Part V.; CATO MAJOR, sive De
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RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.

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"A chatty and anecdotical history of this last remaining gate of the city,
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*** Also a LIBRARY EDITION, with 36 Wood Engravings, from Designs
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London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGINGS.

THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY, No. I., for MAY, price 1s., contains:—

1. Our First Words.
2. A Few Words for May-Day.
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