Campanalogia _ or The art of ringing improved _ with plain and easie rules to guide the practitioner in the ringing all kinds of changes_ to which is added_ great variety of new pe

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Title: Campanalogia
or The art of ringing improved : with plain and easie rules to
guide the practitioner in the ringing all kinds of changes, to
which is added, great variety of new peals.

Author: Fabian Stedman

Release date: April 18, 2024 [eBook #73423]

Language: English

Original publication: London: W. Godbid, 1677

Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/73423

Credits: Richard Tonsing, Jonathan Ingram, and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK
CAMPANALOGIA ***

Transcriber’s Note:

New original cover art included with this eBook is
granted to the public domain.

CAMPANALOGIA:

OR THE

ART
OF

RINGING

Improved.
With plain and easie Rules to guide the

Practitioner in the Ringing all kinds of

Changes.
TO

Which is added, great variety of

NEW PEALS.

LONDON,

Printed by W. Godbid, for W.S. and are to be sold by Langley Curtis in
Goat-Court on Ludgate-hill. 1677.

TO
THE HONOURED
AND TO
His much Esteemed FRIENDS,
The Members of the Society of
COLLEDG YOUTHS.

Gentlemen,
As your Society even ab origine hath deservedly acquired an eminency in
many respects above others of this kind; so more especially for the
pregnancy of its Members in the composing of Peals. For when the Art of
Cross-pricking lay enveloped in such obscurity, that it was thought
impossible that double Changes on five bells could be made to extend
farther than ten, and triple and double Changes on six farther than sixty;
then it was that a worthy and knowing Member of your Society, to dissipate
those mists of Ignorance, and to usher in the bright morn of Knowledg,
prickt those much applauded Peals of Grandsire and Grandsire Bob; which
for their excellency have for many years together continued triumphant in
practice amidst all others whatsoever; and which indeed have been a great
light in the production of that great variety of new Peals herein contained;
the greatest part of which being also the offspring of your Society, I
therefore thought fit to usher them into the world under the wings of your
Protection.
Gentlemen, as a member I held my self obliged to add my Mite to your
full fraught Treasury of Speculative and Practical Knowledg of this kind;
though I confess your acquisition on this account will be very mean, since
my want of ability sufficient to undertake a thing of this nature, and also

want of opportunity by converse with others to supply my own defects,
have rendred the Book less acceptable than it might have been done by
some more knowing head and acuter Pen. And although I am conscious that
it meriteth not your acceptance; yet I assume the confidence to believe that
you will favour it with a kind entertainment amongst you; and the rather, for
that I know you are too judicious to sentence it without first casting into the
ballance of your indifferent judgments some Grains of Allowance: The
countenance you shew it will silence Detractors, and be Armour of proof
against the fools bolts which may happen to be soon shot at the Author, who
is
Gentlemen,

A constant well-wisher to
the Prosperity (though an
unworthy member)
of your Society,

F.S.

ERRATA.

Courteous Reader,
Some few faults have escaped the Press: as page 27 line the 4th, for grateful
read graceful. page 31. line the 19th. for imitatieg read imitating, with some
others, which you are desired either candidly to amend, or tasitly to pass
over.

OF THE
ART
OF
Changes.

These clear dayes of Knowledge, that have ransackt the dark corners of
most Arts and Sciences, and freed their hidden mysteries from the bonds of
obscurity, have also registred this of Ringing, in the Catalogue of their
Improvements; as well the Speculative as the Practick part, which of late
years remain’d in Embryo, are now become perfect, and worthy the
knowledge of the most ingenious. Although the Practick part of Ringing is
chiefly the subject of this Discourse, yet first I will speak something of the
Art of Changes, its Invention being Mathematical, and produceth incredible
effects, as hereafter will appear. But first, I will premise a word or two, to
shew what the nature of those Changes are. Some certain number of things
are presupposed to be changed or varied; as 2.3.4.5.6. or any greater
number whatsoever; then the number of things to be so varied must have
the like number of fixed places assigned them. As if five men were sitting
upon five stools in a row; the stools are supposed to be fixed places for the
five men, but the men by consent may move or change to each others places
at pleasure, yet still sitting in a row as at first: now this Art directs how, and
in what order those five men may change places with each other, whereby
they may sit sixscore times in a row, and not twice alike. And likewise a
Peal of five Bells, being raised up to a fit compass for ringing of Changes,
are there supposed to have five fixed places, which time assigns to their
notes or strokes; yet the notes of the Bells may change into each others
places at pleasure: now this Art also directs the manner and method of

changing the five notes in such sort, that they may strike sixscore times
round, and not twice alike.
The numbers of Changes are thus to be discovered. Two must first be
admitted to be varied two wayes; then to find out the Changes in three, the
Changes on two must be multiplied by three, and the product will be six,
which are the compleat number of Changes on three.
Those six Changes being multiplied by four, will produce 24, which
are the compleat number of Changes on four. The 24 Changes on four,
being multiplied by five, will produce 120, which are the compleat number
of Changes on five. And in like manner the 120, being multiplied by six,
will produce 720, which are the compleat number on six. The 720, being
multiplied, by seven, will produce 5040, which are the number of Changes
on seven. The 5040, being multiplied by eight, will produce 40320, which
are the number of Changes on eight. Those Changes on eight, being
multiplied by nine, will produce 362880, which are the number of Changes
on nine. Those Changes on nine, being multiplied by ten, will produce
3628800, which are the number on ten. Those on ten, being multiplied by
eleven, will produce 39916800, which are the number on eleven. Those also
being multiplied by twelve, will produce 479001600, which are the
compleat number of Changes on twelve. And if twelve men should attempt
to ring all those Changes on twelve Bells, they could not effect it in less
than seventy five years, twelve Lunar Months, one week, and three days,
notwithstanding they ring without intermission, and after the proportion of
720 Changes every hour. Or if one man should attempt to prick them down
upon Paper, he could not effect it in less than the aforesaid space. And 1440
being prickt in a sheet, they would take up six hundred sixty five Reams of
Paper, and upwards, reckoning five hundred Sheets to a Ream; which Paper
at five shillings the Ream, would cost one hundred sixty six Pounds five
Shillings,
The reason of the aforesaid Multiplication, by which the numbers of
Changes are discovered, and also that those Products are the true numbers
of Changes, will plainly and manifestly appear in these following
Demonstrations.
But first, two must be admitted to be varied two ways, thus.——
12
21

And then consequently, three will make three times as many Changes
as two; for there are three times two figures to be produced out of three, and
not twice two the same figures, which are to be produced by casting away
each of the three figures one after another. First, cast away 3, and 1.2 will,
remain; cast away 2, and 1.3 will remain; cast away 1, and 2.3 will remain.
So that here are three times two figures produced out of the three, and not
twice two the same figures, as 12. 13. 23. each two may be varied two
ways, as before: then to the changes which each two makes add the third
figure which is wanting; as to the two changes made by 1.2 add the 3, to the
changes on 1.3 add the 2, and to the changes on 2.3 add the 1, and the three
figures will stand six times together, and not twice alike, as here appeareth.
123
213

132
312

231
321

Four will make four times as many changes as three. For there are four
times three figures to be had out of four, and not twice three the same
figures, which are to be produced by casting away each of the four figures
by turns. First cast away 4, and 123 will remain; cast away 3, and 124 will
remain; cast away 2, and 134 will remain; and lastly, casting away 1, and
234 will remain; so that here is 123, 124, 134, 234, and not twice three the
same figures. Now each three may be varied six ways, according to the
preceding Example. Then to the six changes which each three makes, add
the fourth figure which is wanting; as to the six changes on 123 add the 4,
to the six changes on 124 add the 3, to the six changes on 134 add the 2,
and to the six changes on 234 add the 1, which renders the changes
compleat; for then the four figures stand twenty four times together, and not
twice alike, as here appears.

1234
2134

1324
3124

2314
3214

1243
2143

1423
4123

2413
4213

1342
3142

1432
4132

3412
4312

2341
3241

2431
4231

3421

4321
Five will make five times as many changes as four; for there are five
times four figures to be had out of five, and not twice four the same figures,
which are to be produced as before, by casting away each of the five figures
by turns. Cast away 5, and 1234 will remain; cast away way 4, and 1235
will remain; cast away 3, and 1245 will remain; cast away 2, and 1345 will
remain; cast away 1, and 2345 will remain. So that here are five times four
figures produced, and not twice four the same figures. Now each four may
be varied twenty four ways, as in the preceding example; then to the twenty
four changes which each four makes, add the fifth figure which is wanting:
as to the twenty four changes on 1234, add the 5; to the twenty four changes
on 1235, add the 4. to the changes on 1245, add 3. to the changes on 1345,
add 2. and to the changes on 2345, add 1. which renders the changes
compleat, for then the five figures stand sixscore times together, and not
twice alike.

12345 12354 12453 13452 23451
21345 21354 21453 31452 32451

13245 13254 14253 14352 24351
31245 31254 41253 41352 42351

23145 23154 24153 34152 34251
32145 32154 42153 43152 43251

12435 12534 12543 13542 23541
21435 21534 21543 31542 32541

14235 15234 15243 15342 25341
41235 51234 51243 51342 52341

24135 25134 25143 35142 35241
42135 52134 52143 53142 53241

13425 13524 14523 14532 24531
31425 31524 41523 41532 42531

14325 15324 15423 15432 25431
41325 51324 51423 51432 52431

34125 35124 45123 45132 45231
43125 53124 54123 54132 54231

23415 23514 24513 34512 34521
32415 32514 42513 43512 43521

24315 25314 25413 35412 35421
42315 52314 52413 53412 53421

34215 35214 45213 45312 45321

43215 53214 54213 54312 54321

And in this manner the compleat numbers of changes on six, seven, eight,
nine, ten, eleven, twelve, &c. may also be demonstrated.
The numbers of changes will also plainly appear by the methods,
whereby they are commonly prickt and rung. Now the nature of these
methods is such, that the changes on one number comprehends the changes
on all lesser numbers, and that so regularly, that the compleat number of
changes on each lesser number are made in a most exact method within the
greater; insomuch that a compleat Peal of changes on one number seemeth
to be formed by uniting of the compleat Peals on all lesser numbers into one
entire body; which will manifestly appear in the 479001600 changes on
twelve: for that Peal comprehends the 39916800 changes on eleven; these
likewise comprehend the 3628800 changes on ten, these changes on ten
comprehend the 362880 on nine, these on nine comprehend the 40320 on
eight, these on eight comprehend the 5040 on seven, these likewise the 720
on six, the 720 also comprehend the 120 on five, the 120 comprehend the
24 changes on four, these also comprehend the six changes on three, and the
six comprehend the two changes on two. Each of these Peals (viz.) on
eleven, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, and two, being made in
a most exact method within the changes on twelve. For Example, two are
first admitted to be varied two ways, thus——
12
21
Now the figure 3 being hunted through each of those two changes, will
produce the six changes on three. The term Hunt, is given to a Bell to
express its motion in Ringing, which in figures is after this manner. It must
lie behind, betwixt, and before the two figures: first behind them thus, 1 2 3;
then betwixt them, thus, 1 3 2; now before them, thus, 3 1 2: this is called a
hunting motion, and here it has hunted through the first change of the two,
wherein it made three variations, as appears in the figures, standing thus in
order.——
123
132
312

Now it must hunt through the other change, which is 2 1, in the same
manner as before; that is, first it must lie before, then betwixt the two
figures, then behind them, thus, 321, 231, 213. Here it has hunted through
again, wherein it made three more variations; which three being set directly
under the former, the six variations will then plainly appear, as in these
figures: where the three figures stand six times together, and not twice alike.
123
132
312
321
231
213
Now the figure 4 being in like manner hunted through each of those
six changes, will produce the 24 changes on four. First, therefore it must
hunt through the first, which is 123, letter (a), then through the second
change of the six, which is 132, letter (b); then through the third, which is
312, letter (c), and so it being hunted through the rest of the changes
likewise, will produce the twenty four changes on four.
(a) 1234
1243
1423
4123

(b) 4132
1432
1342
1324

(c) 3124
3142
3412
4312
The figure 5 being hunted through each of those twenty four changes,
will produce the 120 changes on five, First therefore it must hunt through

the first, which is 1234, letter (a); then through the second, which is 1243,
letter (b); then also through the third, which is 1423, letter (c). In which
manner it being hunted through the rest of the twenty four changes, will
produce the 120 on five. And then the figure 6 being hunted through each of
those sixscore changes will produce the 720 changes on six. And the figure
7 being hunted through each of those 720 changes, will produce the 5040.
In which manner also the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth, being
successively hunted through each Peal in the aforesaid order, will at length
produce the compleat number of changes on twelve. Wherein ’tis
observable, that all the figures, except two, have a hunting motion; which
two may properly be term’d the Center, about which the rest do circulate.
By these methods it is evident, that every hunting figure hath a certain
number of figures assigned, through which tis constantly to hunt: as in the
aforesaid Example on twelve, where the 1.2 are assigned for the figure 3 to
hunt through, as appears in the six changes before. And in like manner, 123
are assigned for the figure 4 to hunt through; 1234 are assigned for the
figure 5 to hunt through; 12345 for 6 to hunt through, &c. Now the figure 3
hunts as many times through the 1.2. as those two make changes, that is,
two times wherein it makes twice three changes, that is, six, as before
appeareth. The figure 4 hunts as many times through the 123, as those three
figures make changes, that is, six times; wherein it makes six times four
changes, which amounts to twenty four. The figure 5 hunteth as many times
through the 1234, as those four figures make changes, that is, twenty four
times; wherein it makes twenty four times five changes, which amounts to
120. The figure 6 hunts as many times through the 12345, as those five
make changes, that is 120 times, wherein it maketh 120 times six changes,
which amounts to 720. And in like manner the figure 7 hunts 720 times
through 123456, wherein it maketh 720 times seven changes, which
amounts to 5040. The eighth hunteth 5040 times through 1234567, wherein
it makes 40320 changes. The 9th hunteth 40320 times through 12345678,
wherein it makes 362880 changes. The tenth hunteth 362880 times through
123456789, wherein it makes 3628800. The eleventh hunteth 3628800
times through 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. wherein it makes 39916800. And lastly,
the twelfth hunteth 39916800 times through 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11. wherein
it makes 39916800 times twelve changes, which amounts to 479001600,
being the compleat number on twelve. By which ’tis evident, that every
hunting figure hunts as many times through its assigned number of figures,

as those figures are capable of making changes, which in short
comprehends the summe and substance of this method, which is universal
from two, to all greater numbers whatsoever.
(a) 12345
12354
12534
15234
51234

(b) 51243
15243
12543
12453
12435

(c) 14235
14253
14523
15423
51423
If we consider the multitude of different words, wherewith we express
our selves in Speech, it may be thought almost impossible that such
numbers should arise out of twenty four Letters; yet this Art of variation
will produce much more incredible effects. To give an instance thereof, I
will shew the numbers of every quantity of Letters from two to twelve, that
may be produced out of the Alphabet. The generality of Words consisting of
these quantities, (viz.) two letters, three letters, four, five, six, seven, eight,
nine, ten, eleven, and twelve letters. There are 10626 times four letters to be
produced out of the twenty four letters of the Alphabet, and not twice four
all the same Letters. There are likewise 42504 times five letters, 134596
times six letters, 346104 times seven, 735471 times eight, 1307504 times
nine, 1961256 times ten, 2496144 times eleven, and 2704156 times twelve.
Now each quantity being varied by the rules of this Art, will produce
incredible numbers. First the 10626 times four letters, being multiplied by
24, which are the number of ways to vary each four letters, will produce

255024 that is to say, four letters may be produced out of the Alphabet to
stand together after this manner (a b c d) two hundred fifty five thousand
and twenty four times, and not twice alike. And in like manner, the 42504
times five Letters, being multiplied by 120, which are the number of ways
to vary each five, will produce 5100480. The 134596 times six letters, being
also multiplied by 720, will produce 96909120. The 346104, being
multiplied by 5040, will produce 1744364160. The 735471, being
multiplied by 40320, will produce 29654190720. The 1307504, being
multiplied by 362880, will produce 474467051520. The 1961256, being
multiplied by 3628800, will produce 7117005772800. The 2496144, being
multiplied by 39916800, will produce 99638080819200. And lastly, the
2704156 time twelve letters, being multiplied by 479001600, will produce
1295295050649600, which products being all added together, as also 12696
which are the numbers consisting of two and three letters, the whole will
amount to 1402556105125320, wherein there are not two alike, nor two
letters of one sort in any one of them; which being written or printed on
large Paper in folio, allowing 5000 to a sheet, they would take up
561022442 Reams of Paper and upwards, reckoning 500 sheets to a Ream:
which Paper all the Houses in the City and Liberties of London would not
contain; and in quantity doubtless infinitely exceeds all the Books that ever
were printed in the world, reckoning only one of each Impression. And at
the rate of five shillings the Ream, the Paper would cost 140255610.5
Pounds sterling; which is above four times as much as the yearly Rent of all
the Lands and Houses in England amounts to. And all the people both
young and old in the City and Suburbs of London (admitting they are five
hundred thousand) could not speak the like numbers of words under forty
years and upwards, each of them speaking 15000 every hour, and twelve
hours every day. These prodigious numbers are the more to be admired,
considering that the greatest number of letters in any of them, exceeds not
twelve, neither are two letters of one sort in any one of them: but by
producing and varying all the greater quantities, and placing two or more
letters of one sort, or two of one sort and two of another, with all variety of
the like nature that commonly happens in words, the numbers arising
thereby would infinitely exceed the former; And if all the numbers of every
quantity of letters from one to twenty four, together with all the variety as
aforesaid, were methodically drawn out and varied according to the rules of
this Art; which might easily be performed in respect of the plain and

practical method of doing it; but the infinite numbers of them would not
permit a Million of men to effect it in some thousands of years: it would be
evident, that there is no word or syllable in any language or speech in the
world, which can be exprest with the character of our Alphabet, but might
be found literatim and entire therein; and more by many thousands of
Millions than can be pronounced, or that ever were yet made use of in any
language.
I will here give one instance of another kind, shewing the admirable
effects of this Art, and so conclude. A man having twenty Horses, contracts
with a Brick-maker to give him one hundred pound Sterling; conditionally
that the Brick-maker will deliver him as many Loads of Bricks, as there are
several Teams of six Horses to be produced out of the aforesaid twenty to
fetch them, and not one Team or Sett of six Horses to fetch two Loads. The
Brick-maker might be thought to have made a very advantageous bargain,
but the contrary will appear. For there are thirty eight thousand seven
hundred and sixty several Teams of six Horses, to be produced out of
twenty, and not twice six the same Horses; then the Brick-maker must
deliver as many Loads as there are Teams, and each Load consisting of five
hundred Bricks, the whole would amount to 19380000, which being bought
for one hundred pounds as aforesaid, would not cost above five Farthings a
thousand; and at the rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the thousand,
they amount to twelve thousand nine hundred and twenty pounds Sterling.
But should a contract be made with the Brick-maker to deliver as many
Loads of Bricks, as there are Teams of six Horses in each, to be produced
out of the aforesaid twenty, which shall stand in the Cart in a differing
manner; that is to say, although there may be the same Horses in several
Teams, yet their places shall be so changed, that they shall not stand twice
alike in any two Teams. On this account the Brick-maker must deliver
seven hundred and twenty times as many as before; for there are 38760
several Teams as before I have shewed: then each Team may be placed 720
ways in the Cart, and not twice alike, which is to be done according to the
methods whereby the 720 changes on six Bells are rung. So that 38760,
which are the number of Teams, multiplied by 720, which are the number of
ways to vary the six Horses in each Team, the product will be 27907200,
which are the compleat number of Teams; and every Team carrying one
Load, consisting of five hundred Bricks, the Whole will amount to
13953600000 Bricks. And after the proportion of a hundred and fifty

thousand of Bricks to a House, they would build ninety three thousand and
twenty four Houses; which are above six times as many as the late dreadful
fire in London consumed. And at the rate of thirteen shillings and four
pence the thousand, they are worth 6976800 pounds Sterling, which is at
least four hundred Waggon-loads of money, as much as five Horses can
ordinarily draw.

AN

INTRODUCTION
To the Practice of

RINGING

As the original design of casting Peals of Bells was in order to make
pleasant Musick thereon; so the Notes in every Peal are formed apt for that
end and purpose, every Peal of Bells being tun’d according to the principles
of Musick; for in a Peal of six Bells are the six plain Song-Notes,
whereupon all Musick consists, namely, la sol fa mi re ut. But in regard that
in ringing of them the Notes cannot be had at command, as the Notes of
other Instruments may; therefore, as the Practitioners in ancient time found
some necessity to cause all the Notes to strike successively after one
another, so likewise they thought fit in ringing them to place the Notes in
this following order. The least note to lead or strike first, then the Note
which is the next degree deeper or flatter, and so the rest of the notes to
strike after each other according to their degrees, the flattest striking last; in
which order the notes were successively reiterated both at fore-stroke and
back-stroke, from the beginning to the end of each Peal. And at this day the
same order is also observed in raising, ceasing, and ringing them at a low
compass; wherein each note being confin’d to strike in a certain place,
therefore had they their terms of First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, &c.
given them, to denote their order and places of striking; from whence also
the Bells derive those terms of distinction by which they are now known.
Although the ringing of a Peal of Bells in the aforesaid order, (which is
commonly term’d Round-ringing) is in it self Musical; yet the Notes may
be so placed in ringing, that their Musick may be rendred much more
pleasant: for in Musick there are Concords, which indeed may be term’d the

very life and soul of it, that renders all Musick exceeding pleasant: the
principal are Thirds, Fifths, and Eights; Thirds are 1 3. 2 4. and such like:
Fifths are 1 5. 2 6. &c. Eights are 1 8. 2 9. 3 10. &c. each Concord
consisting of two notes. They may well be termed Concords, in respect of
their agreement and harmony; for the two notes (as if it were by mutual
consent) being struck together at one instant, or else immediately after one
another, affords delightful melody to the ear; in which respect, a peal of five
Bells are capable of making better Musick than a peal of four; six better
than five; and more especially will ten or twelve make more excellent
Musick than any lesser numbers can possibly do, there being greater variety
of Concords therein, and especially of Eights. For this Musical end were
changes on Bells first practised, changes being nothing else but a moving
and placing of the Notes in ringing, whereby variety of pleasant Musick is
made; and as the manner of moving the notes, is, for two notes to change
places with each other, therefore are they called Changes. The methods of
changes being somewhat intricate, I have therefore penn’d the following
Treatise as a Clue to guide the Practitioner through the Labirinth of them,
wherein I have made use of figures to represent the notes of Bells, the
manner thus. In a peal of five Bells there are five several notes, which with
figures are thus exprest, 1 2 3 4 5: the figure 1 represents the least or
sharpest note, which is term’d the First, because its place in round ringing is
to lead; this note is most commonly called the Treble. The figure 2
represents the note which is the next degree deeper or flatter, and is term’d
the Second, because it strikes in the second place. And in like manner 3
represents the note of the third Bell, 4 the note of the fourth Bell, and 5 the
note of the Fifth or Tennor. In which manner, the figures in all the following
methods do likewise represent the notes of Bells.
Since the ringing of changes requires the peal of Bells, on which the
changes are to be rung, to be first raised up to a set Pull, which compass is
most proper for the ringing of them; therefore the Learners first practice
must be to raise a Bell true in peal, to ring it at a low compass, and also to
cease it true in peal, wherein consists the chief grounds of this Art, which
depends on the Ear, and therefore much judgment is required therein. And
to speak the truth, most practitioners are in these days somewhat deficient
herein; the ringing of changes having generally diverted the Learners fancy
from the practice of raising, round-ringing, and ceasing, by which means
we have in a manner lost one Excellency in the pursuit of another.

Therefore I could wish that the Practitioners of this Art would set a greater
esteem on true Ringing in general, since the only excellency as well in the
ringing of Changes as Rounds, depends thereon: the keeping of time being
as essential to render all kinds of ringing pleasant to the ear, as ’tis to render
any other kind of Musick; therefore the practitioner ought to have a Musical
eare, and to have some judgment in beating time, without which he can
never ring his Bell true in its place. A prospect of true ringing at any certain
compass under the Sett, may thus be taken; for Instance, in ringing a peal of
5 Bells; from the fore-stroke of every note to the next fore-stroke of the
same note, there ought to be eleven punctums or Beats of time, which are
all supposed to stand at Æquidistances: now in ten of these punctums, the
five notes ought exactly to strike at the fore-stroke and back-stroke, and the
eleventh stands as a Cypher to guide the Treble-note at fore-stroke to a
double proportion of time from the Tennor-note at back-stroke: which blank
punctum must also be beaten in the same place by every note, to render its
fore-stroke answerable to that of the Treble. For example; the third note
having struck at fore-stroke, it must beat eleven punctums of equidistance
unto its striking there again. The first punctum is that of the 4th note, the
second 5, the third 1, the fourth 2, the fifth 3, the sixth 4, the seventh 5, the
eighth 0, the ninth 1, the tenth 2, the eleventh its own place of striking again
at fore-stroke. These punctums or Beats of time, must be proportioned
either wider or closer, according to the compass of the Treble: therefore first
the Treble must fix its compass certain and true at fore-stroke, which ought
to be proportionate to what the number of the notes, and compass of the
peal of Bells, may according to judgment permit; and then from one fore-
stroke of it to the next, if there are five notes; there ought to be eleven
punctums of equidistance assigned, wherein the notes should exactly strike
(except the blank) as before. From hence ’tis, that the most judicious Ringer
ought to be put to the Treble; for that bell cannot possibly be rung true by
any other means than by beating of its own time; and although the exactness
of true ringing requires the like in every note, when once the compass is
fixed, yet the leading note being rung true, may be a guide to the rest of the
notes, which may tolerably take their measures of time from the Treble-
note: but for every note to take its measure of time solely from the next
preceding note, must needs be very erronious; for thereby they implicitely
lead one another out of the way. Or else in the ringing of five bells, from the
fore-stroke of every note to the next fore-stroke of the same note, there may

be one and twenty punctums or beats of time assigned, to stand at
equidistances; and the five notes, as they follow one another, at the fore-
stroke and back-stroke to strike in every second punctum, except the Treble-
note at fore-stroke, which must strike in the third punctum from the Tenor at
back-stroke; so that then there will be two of those spaces betwixt every
note, and three betwixt the note of the Tenor at back-stroke and the note of
the Treble at fore-stroke, which possibly by some may be held a better
compass than the former: but quot homines tot sententiæ. Every
Practitioner, that has judgment to beat his own time, has the advantage of
ringing his bell true, whilst the rest of the notes commit faults; for the
compass being once fixed, as many bells as do either rise or fall from
thence commit errors.
The truest way of raising a peal of bells according to the best of
modern practice, is, as quick as may be; every Ringer taking assistance to
raise his bell, according as the going of it requires. In raising of them, the
lesser bells as the Treble &c. ought at the first pull to be swayed very deep,
and held down in the sway by strength of armes as much as may be, to
delay the time of their first striking, by which means the bigger bells, which
carry a large compass, may have space to come in; and the raising of the
smaller bells to be continued with a strong pull, giving them scope over
head (for the aforesaid reason) untill they come up Frame-high, or
thereabouts, and then the pull to be slacken’d, and the bells leisurely to be
raised to the intended height or pitch. The bigger bells of the peal, as the
Tenor &c. must in their first raising be checkt or pinch’d over head, by
which means the notes of all the bells may be made to strike round in their
due place and order from the beginning; and observe, that at the first pull all
the bells must follow one another as close as may be. A peal of bells may
thus be ceased: the falling of the bells from a Sett-pull must gradually be
done, by checking them only at Sally, until the low compass renders the
Sally useless; and when they are ceased so low, that they scarce strike at
back-stroke for want of compass: then he that rings the Treble, may give
notice (by stamping on the ground) that the next time the bells come to
strike at the fore-stroke, they may be checkt down so low as to cease their
striking at the back-stroke, yet their striking round at the fore-stroke may be
continued, until they are brought into a chime, which is a graceful
conclusion of a peal.

In raising of a peal of bells, all the notes ought to strike round at one
pull: but mistake me not, I do not mean at the first pull; for at small bells
’tis usual to sway them all round at the first pull without striking; at the
second pull to strike them at the fore-stroke, and at the third pull at back-
stroke. In raising of a peal of more weighty bells, ’tis usual to strike them
double at the fourth pull, because the extraordinary weight and large
compass of the hind-bells permits it not to be done sooner. In the first
raising of a peal of bells, one bell ought not to strike before the rest, or to
miss striking when the rest go round: neither ought any bell in ceasing to
strike after the rest, or to leave striking before the rest; all which, according
to the strictness of true ringing, are accounted great faults.
The peal of bells on which the changes are to be rung, must first be
raised up to a Sett-pull, which compass is most proper for the ringing of
changes; for then the notes of the bells may be had at command. Therefore
before the young Practitioner can be capable of ringing changes, he must be
extraordinary well skill’d in the managing of a bell at a Sett-pull, which is
absolutely requisite, for this reason: In the ringing of changes, his mind will
be so busied and wholly taken up with the consideration of the course and
method of them, and his eye continually wandring about to direct his pull in
the following of the other bells; that unless he has extraordinary skill in the
managing of his own bell, and can set it in a manner hood-winkt, he will be
apt either to drop or overturn it; or else on the other hand, for want of skill,
his eye and mind will be so fixed on his own rope and bell to guide the
managing of it, that he cannot at the same time mind the course of the
changes, and then no wonder if he is in a wood, which consequently
follows; and indeed hence partly ’tis, that the Learners in their first practice
do oftentimes toil and moil themselves to so little purpose. Therefore ’tis
not enough that the young Practitioner can set a bell it may be half a score
times together, when ’tis an even wager that he either drops or overturns it
in those ten-pulls: but he must be so perfectly skill’d, as that he might
adventure to lay ten to one, that he can set it thirty or forty times together,
both fore-stroke and back-stroke, without dropping or overturning it, and
without looking directly either on his hands or rope whilst he sets it.
Therefore in his practice of setting a bell, he may cast his eye about on the
other bell-ropes whilst he manageth his bell, whereby he may accustom
himself to manage it as the ringing of changes requires.

The ringing of changes is performed, partly by the ear, and partly by
the eye; the ear informs when to make a change, the eye directs the pull in
the making of it, but then again the ear guides the striking of the note true in
its place according to time. So that the ear and eye have each of them its
proper object in the ringing of changes, and therefore ought at the same
time to be absolutely free from all others whatsoever, the notes of the bells
being the object of the ear, and the bell-ropes the object of the eye. Now
these two Senses in the time of ringing do each of them thus perform its
office. First, the ear, as a Sentinel, discovers the near approaching change,
and also the place wherein his note lies, that is, whether before or behind
the note wherewith ’tis to make a change, and gives present information to
the eye, to perform its part accordingly in the making of it; but then again
the eye refers it to the ear, to place the note true in striking. But questionless
(by the bie) the truest ringing of changes is to be performed only by the ear;
but then the Practitioners must be capable to judg of time, and to beat it
true, which must be the only direction to guide their pull; and then it must
be performed at a peal of bells that may be managed with ease: and being so
fitted in all respects, the changes may doubtless be rung more true, with
greater pleasure to the Practitioners, and much more free from mistakes and
forgets, only by the ear, than by making use of the eye to direct their pull.
But in regard that either the ill going of the bells, or want of fit
accomplishments in the practitioners, may render it unfit for common
practice; therefore the surest way is to ring both by the eye and ear, as I said
before. Now to render the eye and ear rightly useful in the ringing of
changes, five things ought by the young Practitioner to be well understood.
First, he must be able to distinguish the notes of a peal of bells, and to know
one from another in the time of ringing. Secondly, he must apprehend the
places of the notes. Thirdly, the precedency of notes. Fourthly, the manner
of making a change in ringing. Fifthly, a general prospect of the manner of
putting the four preceding notions into practice.
Observation 1. The Learner must be able to distinguish the notes of a
peal of bells one from another, and to know them asunder; as the Treble-
note from the Second, the Second from the Third, &c. which, tis true, may
readily be done in round ringing, because each note may be known by the
place wherein it constantly strikes; but in ringing of changes it is more
difficult. For admitting that six bells should strike in this order, 5.3.6.1.4.2.
it might puzzle an unskilful ear to judg which is the Treble, or which the

Second note, especially whilst any other note strikes betwixt them: and the
like difficulty might happen in distinguishing the rest of the notes, as the 2d
from the 3d, &c. To remove this difficulty, he must endeavour to acquire
some skill in tuning the notes of a peal of bells, with his voice, which he
may do by imitating the notes of the bells when he hears them ring: or else
any person that has skill in singing, will presently direct him therein, and
also how to take the true pitch of any notes with his voice, which will be the
only means to distinguish them asunder.

┌──┬──┐

│ 1│2 │

├─┬┴┬─┤

│3│4│5│

└─┴─┴─┘

Observ. 2d. The Learner must rightly apprehend the places of the
notes, which I think cannot better be done than by this means. Considering
that the notes of a peal of bells do all strike one after another at the fore-

stroke, and the like at back-stroke; it might be requisite for him to imagine,
that the notes in their striking do lie in a direct line, that is, in a row at the
fore-stroke, and the like again at back-stroke; for then the places of the
notes will much resemble the places of the figures wherewith the changes
are prickt: for as the figures of every change do all stand in a row; so
likewise the notes of the bells, being imagined to strike in the like row, he
may the more readily apprehend the places of the notes, and consequently
of changing them. For the practick part of this Art, is performed by means
of imaginary, not real notions; which will thus manifestly appear. This is the
platform of a Frame, wherein five bells may be supposed to hang in a
Steeple, the figures therein representing the places wherein the five bells
hang. Now in the sixscore changes on five bells, we will suppose the Treble
to be the whole Hunt, and to hunt up first over the Second, then over the
Third, &c. Now the Treble cannot really move out of the place wherein it
hangs; but by delaying its striking untill the Second Bell has struck, it may
by that means strike next after it; and again, by delaying its striking until the
Third has struck; it may also strike next after that, this being the true
manner of the changes; by which ’tis evident, that the bells have neither
really such places nor motion as is pretended, but is meerly imaginary, and
was at first feigned only as a Guide to direct the Practitioner’s apprehension
in the ringing of them. So that although the art of changes is in it self a real
thing, yet the notions by which they are reduced to practice on bells, are not
so. For which reason, the several practitioners of this Art, before they can
become expert, are fain to form in their minds imaginary notions to guide
them; some after one manner, some perhaps after another, according to their
several fancies, yet all tending, to render the methods of changes practicable
on bells; and having once form’d in their minds such imaginary helps, they
become expert in short time: and then no sooner do they understand the
methods of changes prickt with figures, which they commonly discover at
first view; but they are presently capable of ringing them readily on bells,
which experience daily testifies. And hence it is, that oftentimes the
Learners, although they perfectly understand the methods of changes prickt,
and also can perfectly manage a Bell; yet for want of a right apprehension
of the nature of changing the notes, which of themselves it may be they
cannot soon attain, are therefore much puzzled in their first practice of
ringing changes. Therefore as a guide, the Learner must first form in his
mind a fit representation of the places of the notes; which I think cannot

better be done, than by imagining each note to be a figure; as the Treble-
note to be the figure 1, the second note the figure 2, the third note the figure
3, and the like of the rest. Then whensoever he hears a peal of bells ring, let
him by strength of imagination conceit, that each note bears the shape of a
figure; that is, at the same instant of time that the note strikes, he may
imagine that it leaves the impression of the figure behind it, and that with
the eye of his imagination he perfectly sees it: and likewise as the notes of
the bells do all strike after one another at the fore-stroke, so he may imagine
that they lie in a row in the shape of figures; and the like again at back-
stroke. For instance: suppose that five Muskets were charged with five
bullets, and that each bullet bears the shape of a figure; one Gun to be
charged with the figure 1, another with the figure 2, and the other three
Guns with these three figures, 3. 4. 5. Then supposing a straight line were
drawn upon the wall, thus —————————— and that the five
Muskets were by five men levell’d against the line, which is to be the mark
for them to shoot at; the figure 1 to be first shot off, then the figure 2, and so
the rest in order immediately after one another: now at the same instant of
time that the Guns are heard to go off, the five figures would appear in a

row upon the wall, thus. So in like manner
when he hears a peal of five bells strike after one another at the fore-stroke,
and again at back-stroke, he may imagine that at the very instant of their
striking their notes appear to his apprehension in the shape of the five
figures, and that they strike in a row, thus, 1 2 3 4 5, as if each Bell were a
Gun, and had shot out its note in the shape of a figure. There being
necessity that the young Practitioner must either imagine each note to be a
real figure, or else a representative: for as the ear is to be his guide to direct
when to make each change; so a right apprehension of the motion and
places of the notes, must be a means to guide his ear. Now in regard that the
changes are first prickt with figures, from whence the notes of the bells
derive their course, therefore if in ringing he imagine each note to be a real
figure, then the same knowledge that guides the pricking, guides also as
readily the ringing of them, for then the note of his bell is supposed to have
the same course with that of a real figure. But if he imagines that each note
is not a real, but a representative of a figure; then consequently it must only
have the like, and not the same course: by which means, whilst he is ringing
of changes, his mind must have frequent recourse to his Pocket, that is, to

the changes there prickt; from whence he must continually fetch
instructions to direct the course of his Bell, which is oftentimes the case of
the Learner: his thoughts in the time of ringing being commonly upon the
figures that are prickt, either upon paper, or else upon the Steeple-wall,
whilst it should be wholly intent upon the notes. Therefore in a word, the
Practitioner whilst he is ringing of changes, must fix his mind fully and
wholly upon the notes of the bells, and not permit it in the least to wander
from thence; for the notes are to be the sole object of the thoughts in the
time of ringing.
The notes being imagined to strike in a row as aforesaid, their places
will then soon be understood. The notes do take their places according to
their successive order of striking both at fore-stroke and back-stroke; each
succeeding note taking its place next to that which preceds it: for
whatsoever bell leads either at fore-stroke or at back-stroke, its note lieth in
the first place of the supposed row of notes; and that which strikes next
after the leading note, its note lieth in the second place of the supposed row
of notes, and so the rest in the like order. As if five bells should strike thus
after one another either of fore-stroke or back-stroke, 5 4 1 2 3. here the 5th
lieth in the first place, because it was first struck; the 4th in the second
place, because it was second struck; the Treble in the third place, because it
was third struck; the 2d in the fourth place, because it was fourth struck;
and the 3d in the last place, because it was last struck; and the like of the
notes in every change.
Observ. 3. The next thing to be understood by the Learner, is the
precedency of the notes. Now whereas in the ringing of changes, the notes
do all strike after one another at the fore-stroke, and again at the back-
stroke, therefore are they said to lie before or behind each other, according
to their places of striking. As if five men were standing in a row, as these
five figures represent, 1 2 3 4 5, the first man to stand at the fig. 1, the
second man at the figure 2, &c. and that they stand with their faces all one
way, that is, the first man ready to lead, and the rest to follow him one
behind another. Now the first man stands before the rest, and the fifth man
behind the rest; the second man stands behind the first man, but before the
third; the third man stands behind the second, but before the fourth; and the
fourth stands behind the third, but before the fifth. In which manner the
notes being supposed to strike in the like row, may also be laid to lie before
or behind each other as the men did. For whatsoever note leads either at

fore-stroke or back-stroke, is said to lie before the rest; and that which
strikes last, to strike behind the rest. The note which lieth in the second
place, as on the one hand it lieth behind the leading note, so on the other
hand it lieth before the note in the third place. As the note in the third place
lieth behind the note in the second place, so it lieth before the note in the
fourth place. And in like manner, every note is said to lie behind those that
strike before it, and before those that strike after it.
Observ. 4. A Change is to be made betwixt two notes, by moving them
into each others places; wherein ’tis to be observed as a general Rule, That
every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next to each other.
As if five bells were ringing round in this order, 12345, the 1 and 2 may
make a change, or 2 and 3, or likewise 3 and 4, or 4 and 5, because each
two lie next each other; but the 1 and 3 cannot, because 2 strikes between
them, much less may 1 and 4, &c. The two notes which make every change,
moves into each others places in the making of it; wherein one note is said
to move up, and the other down. The reason why one of them is said to
move up, is, because he that rings that bell, in the making of the change
must hold it up at the Sett a little longer than ordinary, to delay its striking,
whereby ’tis made to follow the other note which before it preceded; and
because ’tis so held up, therefore ’tis said to make an Up-change, or to
move up: and on the contrary, the reason why the other note is said to move
down, is, because he that rings it, pulls down the bell a little sooner than
ordinary, to make it strike before the note which before it followed; and
because ’tis so pulled down, therefore it is said to make a Down-change, or
to move down. I will here give a short though certain rule to know when an
Up-change or a Down-change is to be made: whensoever any note moves to
strike behind the note wherewith it makes a change, it makes an up-change
in doing it; and whensoever it moves to strike before the note, which ’tis to
make a change with, it makes a down-change in doing it: so that every note
which moves fromward the leading-note, makes an up-change; and when it
moves toward the leading-note, it makes a down-change. I will here shew
the manner of making a change: admitting that a peal of five bells were
raised to a sett-pull, which is the usual compass for ringing of changes; the
notes are first supposed to strike in this order, 12345. Now a change may be
made betwixt any two notes that strike next each other; I will here make it
betwixt the 3d. and 4th. which is to be done by moving them into each
others’ places. Now ’tis observable, that before the making of the change,

the 3d. note lies before the 4th. that is, it strikes next before the 4th; and the
4th. lies behind the 3d. that is, it strikes behind it: now in the making of the
change, the 3d. must move to strike behind the 4th: wherein it makes an up-
change; and the 4th. note at the same time must move to strike before the
3d. wherein it makes a down-change; the change being made, the bells will
strike thus, 12435. All changes whatsoever are made in the aforesaid
manner: for as the 3d note made an up-change in moving to strike behind
the 4th, and the 4th at the same time a down-change in moving to strike
before the 3d; so in like manner the two notes that make every change, must
in the making of it move the one up, and the other down, as the 3d and 4th
here has done. The Learner may take notice, that in ringing termes ’tis not
usual to say, that a bell makes an up-change, or a down-change; but in short,
that it moves up or down, which implies the former. When a note makes an
up-change, ’tis then said to move over the other note; and when it makes a
down-change, to move under it: as in the next preceding example, where
the 3d note is said to move up over the 4th, and the 4th down under the 3d,
in which manner the terms over and under are given to the two notes that
make every change.
Observ. 5. In the time of ringing changes, two things are by the
Practitioners to be well considered. First, to observe and readily to know,
which two bells are always to make the next succeeding change: Secondly,
if he is concern’d therein, to consider what bell he is to follow in the
making of it. Upon a right knowledge of these two things, depends the
Practick part of this Art. To make him expert herein, he must before hand
perfectly understand, and readily remember the course and method of the
changes prickt with figures, wherein he ought to be so well skill’d, as to be
able to prick them down divers ways, that is, to make any figure a Hunt at
pleasure; which when he can readily and speedily do, without pausing to
consider of the course, then ’tis presumed that he understands the methods
throughly. But yet he will not be capable to put them in practice, untill he
understands the manner of making a change in ringing; neither can he
understand that, until he understands the precedency of the notes; nor the
precedency, until he understands the places; nor the places, until he knows
the notes one from another. Therefore the four preceding observations being
first perfectly understood, and also the methods of the changes as before;
the Practitioner may then successfully proceed in the ringing of changes;
and as a further help therein I will here instruct him. There are three bells

concern’d in the making of every single change, except only when ’tis made
behind, and then but two: whensoever the note of his bell is to make a
change with any other note, his ear must then inform him whether it lies
before or behind the other note; if it lies before, then in making the change
it must move up behind it, that is, to follow it; and consequently, he must
draw down his bell next after that which he makes a change with, which is
called an up-change, as I said before. But if the note of his bell lies behind
the other, then in making of the change it must move down to strike before
it, and consequently he must draw down his bell next after that which the
other before followed, this being a down-change. So that the making of an
up-change is very easie, because he must always follow that bell which he
makes a change with; but a down-change is more difficult, because he
cannot so readily apprehend what bell he is to follow; yet there is a certain
rule for it, which is this: to observe beforehand what note strikes the next
but one before his, which bell he must follow in the making of the change.
Whensoever the two notes, which strike next before his note, are to make a
change; he must consider, that notwithstanding his note is to lie still in its
place, yet he is concern’d therein, because the bell which he followed
before the making of the change, must in the making of it move away
down, and therefore he must follow the bell that comes into its place.
The changes are to be rung, either by walking them, as the term is; or
else Whole-pulls, or Half-pulls. By walking them, is meant, that the bells go
round four, six, eight times or more in one change; which way is very
proper for young Practitioners, to introduce them into a more ready way of
Practice; for whilst the bells go round divers times in one change, they have
in the mean time leisure to consider which two bells are to make the next
following change, and also what bell each of them is to follow in the
making of it; and so by diligence in practice they will by degrees acquire a
more ready skill to enable them to ring at whole-pulls. Whole-pulls, is,
when the bells go round at the fore-stroke and back-stroke in a change; and
every time they are pull’d down at Sally, a new change is made. Whole-
pulls was the general practice in former times; and indeed, considering the
manner of the hanging of the bells in those days, they could not well be
rung at half-pulls: but since the improvement of the Art of Bell-hanging,
that is, with round Wheels, trussing them up in the Stock, and placing the
Roll at right Angles with the Sole of the Wheel; the bells go much better,
and are managed with more ease at a Sett-pull than formerly: therefore the

changes are now generally rung at half-pulls, that is, at the fore-stroke one
change, at the back-stroke another, and so throughout.
In ringing half-pulls, some peals of changes will cut compass, wherein
the whole Hunt comes always to lead at the back-stroke; to prevent which,
make the first change of the peal at the back-stroke. In plain and single
changes on six bells, to hunt (that is, whole Hunt) the Treble, third, or fifth,
down at the beginning of a peal cuts compass, unless prevented as before.
Also to hunt the second, fourth, or sixth up at the beginning of a peal, cuts
compass, unless prevented as before. Which rules, leaving out the Tenor,
serves in like manner to prevent cutting compass on five bells.
’Tis convenient in ringing, to give notice of the extream changes, and
he that rings the slowest Hunt, may best do it. The manner of it is, to say
Extream, when the leading bell is pulling down, in order to make the
change next before the extream; by which means there will be one compleat
change betwixt the warning and the extream: longer warning would be too
much, and shorter too little.
The divers kinds of changes on Bells may be comprehended under two
heads, viz. Plain Changes, and Cross Peals, which terms are comparatively
given: for as the first are plain and easie only in comparison to the methods
of the second; so consequently the second cross and intricate in comparison
to the methods of the first. I will first shew in what respect they differ, and
then proceed to the methods. Plain changes (I mean compleat peals) are
such as have one universal method, wherein all the notes except three have
a direct hunting course, moving gradually under each other in one plain and
uniform order. But the methods of cross peals are various, each peal having
a course differing from all others: and although most of them have Hunts,
yet the Hunts have different kinds of motions, and some very intricate.
Moreover plain changes are also term’d Single changes, because in the
ringing of them there is only a single change made in the striking of all the
notes once round either at fore-stroke or back-stroke; whereas in cross
changes ’tis usual to make as many changes as the number of notes will
permit. For example, supposing that a peal of 5 bells were raised, and rung
at a Sett-pull; the notes are supposed to strike round in this order, 12345:
now any two of the notes that strike next together may make a change,
therefore either a single or a double change may be made at pleasure. The
single change is made by changing only two notes; the double change is

made by changing four notes, that is, two to make one change and two
another, yet ’tis called one double change, and not two changes, in regard
’tis made in the striking of the five notes of the bells once round: as, admit
the treble, second, third, and fourth, should make a change, ’tis thus to be
done, 21435, where the Treble and Second made one change, and 3, 4
another; which we will imagine to be made at the fore-stroke of the bells,
and therefore ’tis called one double change, and not two changes, because
’tis entirely made in the striking of the five notes once round. So that this
one double change has effected that which would have required two single
changes to have done the like. For instance, there can but two notes change
their places at once in a single change, therefore the Treble and Second
shall first change their places thus, 21345; then the third and fourth thus,
21435: so that here the five notes have gone twice round to effect that,
which in the double change was done in going once round. And this is the
nature of the difference between Plain and Cross changes.
As the Learner ought to proceed regularly in his practice, beginning
first with the plainest and easiest methods. I will therefore observe that
order, and first shew the course and methods of Plain changes.

The Changes on two Bells.

Two bells are capable to make only two changes, which is to be done
by changing the notes twice, as in these figures.——
12
21
12

The Changes on three Bells.

There are six changes on three bells; which are made by this rule: the
two first and two last notes must be changed by turns.
123
First the two first notes, which are 1 2 thus. 213
The two last, which are 1 3, thus. 231
The two first 321
The two last 312
The two first 132
The two last 123
In these six changes ’tis observable, that the two first notes, which
were 1 2, made the first change of the six; but they may as well be rung by
123
beginning with the two last notes, which are 2, 3 thus—— 132
Next the two first notes, which are 1 3, thus, 312
The two last 321
The two first 231
The two last 213
The two first 123
The six changes can be rung no more than these two ways here set
down.
The Six changes are sometimes rung by observing a hunt therein,
which is very improper, since every note has a like course. Yet I confess in
demonstrating the methods on twelve, I did there admit a Hunt into the six
changes; but that was only for demonstration sake.
The compleat peals of plain changes, from three to all greater numbers
whatsoever, as the Twenty four changes on four, the Sixscore on five, the
Seven hundred and twenty on six, &c. are prickt and rung by one method;
all the notes having a hunting-motion, except only three in each peal, which
three do make the six changes in the same manner as they are before prickt.

So that the Six changes on three may be term’d the basis or foundation of
the compleat peals on all greater numbers.
Every Hunting note in each peal has a certain number of notes
assigned, through which ’tis always to hunt. The term hunt is given to a
note in respect of the manner of its motion, which I will shew in this
example. First, the notes of four bells are supposed to strike round in this
order, 1234. The Treble shall be the Hunt, and the other three assigned or
appointed for it to hunt through. Now whereas the Treble-note leads, it must
move through its assigned number to strike behind them: and whereas every
change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next each other, as I
have shewed before in the 4th Observation; therefore the hunting-note is
confin’d to move gradually through the rest by making a change with each
note that strikes next to it; and accordingly it must first move into the 2d
place, next into the 3d place, and lastly into the 4th. So that ’tis to make a
change with every note that lies behind it; first with the 2d note, next with
the 3d, and lastly with the 4th.
1234
The first change is thus 2134
The second thus 2314
The third thus 2341
The hunting note has here moved through its assigned number; for
whereas at first it did lead, now it strikes behind them. Wherein ’tis
observable, that it made up changes all the way; which of necessity it must
do, because every note with which it was to make a change, lay behind it:
and because it made up changes, therefore ’tis said to have hunted up. The
hunting-note shall now move through its assigned number again, to lead as
at first. Therefore first it must move into the 3d place, then into the second
place, and lastly into the first place, which is called the Treble’s place; in
which motion it must make a change with each note that strikes next before
it: first with the 4th note, next with the 3d, then with the 2d.
The first change thus 2314
The second thus 2134
The third thus 1234
’Tis observable, that here the Treble made down-changes all the way,
which of necessity it must do, because every note with which it was to

make a change, lay before it: and because it made down-changes, therefore
it is said to have hunted down. This is the manner of the motion of the
hunting notes in all peals of plain changes; for they hunt up and down
through their assigned number, as the 1 here has done. This example is plain
and full to instruct the Learner in the hunting of any bell, therefore he ought
to peruse it diligently, that he may understand the true scope and meaning
of it; and as a help he may apply himself to practice by taking a Treble, and
attempt to hunt it up and down as this Example directs; which he may the
more readily do, if he understand the 5th Observation before set down,
which guides him to make a change in ringing. So that partly by reading
and well considering of what I have here wrote, and partly by practice, he
may in a short time become perfect in the hunting motion of any note;
which when he rightly apprehends, he will then presently be capable of
understanding the following methods; and therefore I shall be the more
brief in my directions to them.

The Changes on four Bells.

Twenty four changes may be rung upon four bells: but the Learner may
first practice the twelve changes, and the eighteen changes. In the twelve
changes the notes are all to be hunted up after one another, which may be
called the Twelve all over. First the treble-note must be hunted up, letter (a);
then the second note must likewise hunt up, letter (b); next the third note
must hunt up, letter (c); and lastly the 4th note also, letter (d).
1234
2134
a 2314
2341
3241
b 3421
3412
4312
c 4132
4123
1423
d 1243
1234
The four notes may also hunt down one after another. First, the 4th
note must hunt down to lead: then the 3d note likewise, and so the 2d and
Treble one after another, which may be term’d the Twelve all under.
Courteous Reader, in my directions to the course of each peal, I do there
refer by letters to the examples; which I am forced to do, to prevent
those confused breaks, and unhandsome spaces, which otherwise would
have happen’d both in examples and precepts. Whatever letter I
mention in my directions, refers to the like at the figures. For instance;
in my directions to the twelve changes next before, I there directed the
treble-note to be first hunted up, letter (a); which letter refers to the like
letter at the first three changes of the twelve, where the Treble hunted
up, as ’tis here again represented, and the like of the rest.

2134
a 2314
2341
In the Eighteen changes, the Treble is a hunting note, but never hunts
up farther than the 3d place; and when it lies there, the two first notes must
make a change; and every time it leads, the two hindmost notes. First it
hunts up into the 3d place, letter (a); the two first notes, Which are 2.3,
make a change, letter (b); the Treble hunts down (c). The two hindmost
notes make a change (d), the Treble hunts up (e). The two first notes, which
are 3.4, make a change (f) the Treble hunts down (g); the two last notes,
which are 3.2, make a change (h), which method being continued, will
bring the bells round at the end of eighteen changes. The Eighteen changes
may also be rung by hunting the 4th note down into the 2d place, and then a
change to be made behind: the 4th note to be hunted up again into its own
place, and then a change to be made before, which course being continued,
will produce Eighteen changes.

1234
2134
a
2314
b 3214
3124
c
1324
d 1342
3142
e
3412
f 4312
4132
g
1432
h 1423
4123
i
4213
k 2413
2143
l
1243
m 1234
The Six changes on three are the ground of the Twenty four changes
on four; for one of the four notes hath a constant hunting motion through
the other three, in the same manner as in the preceding Example, page 50.
and the three notes are to make the six changes in the same manner as I
have before shewed in the changes on three bells; one of the six changes
being always made every time the hunt lies either before or behind the three
bells: therefore if the Learner do but rightly apprehend the course of the six
changes, and also the manner of the motion of the hunting note, he will
presently understand the method of the twenty four changes. The six
changes in the twenty four, according to the terms of ringing are called
Extream changes, and the three bells which makes them, Extream bells. So
that in the twenty four changes, there is a hunt and three extream bells.
Every time the hunt lies either before or behind the extream bells, an
extream change must then be made. The extream changes may be made two
ways, viz. either betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the hunt, or
else betwixt the two nearest extream bells to it. In this Example every

extream change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from
the hunt, and the treble shall be the hunting note, which must first hunt up
(a); then the two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 2.3, must make an
extream change (b). The Treble must hunt down (c). The two farthest notes
from the hunt, which are 2.4, must make an extream change (d). The treble
must hunt up (e); the two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 3.4, must
make an extream change (f). The treble-note must hunt down (g). The two
farthest extream bells from the hunt, which are 3.2, must make an extream
change (h). The treble must hunt up (i). The two farthest notes from the
hunt, which are 4.2, must make an extream change (k). The treble must hunt
down (l). The two farthest extream bells, which are 4.3, must make an
extream change (m), which concludes the peal. Now the Learner for his
satisfaction may take out the extream changes in the same order as they
were made, as first at (b), then (d), and so (f.h.k.m.) and they will stand as
they are here set down; where ’tis evident, that 2.3.4 have made the six
changes according to the method of the first six changes on three bells,
before set down, (page 48.) where the first change of that six was 213, and
this being 324, is the same in course though the figures differ, and the rest
of the changes in this six, are likewise the same in course and method with
those.

1234
2134
a 2314
2341
b 3241
3214
c 3124
1324
d 1342
3142
e 3412
3421
f 4321
4312
g 4132
1432
h 1423
4123
i 4213
4231
k 2431
2413
l 2143
1243
m 1234

3241
1342
4321
1423
2431
1234

In the preceding twenty four changes, every extream change was made
betwixt the two furthest extream bells from the hunt. I will therefore here
set down an example, where they shall be made between the two nearest
bells, to it. First, the treble hunts up (a). The two next notes to the hunt,
which are 3.4, must make an extream change (b). The Treble must hunt
down (c). The two nearest notes to the hunt, which are 2.4, must make an
extream change (d). The Treble hunts up (e). The two nearest extream bells
to the hunt, which are 2.3, must make an extream change (f). The Treble
hunts down (g). The two next extream bells to the hunt, which are 4.3, must
make a change (h). And the like extream changes being made as at (k) and
(m), concludes the peal.

1234
2134
a 2314
2341
b 2431
2413
c 2143
1243
d 1423
4123
e 4213
4231
f 4321
4312
g 4132
1432
h 1342
3142
i 3412
3421
k 3241
3214
l 3124
1324
m 1234
The six extream changes, viz. (b.d.f.h.k. and m.) being set down by
themselves, will stand in this order, as here you see; where ’tis plain, that 2
3 4 have made the six changes, according to the method of the last six
changes on three bells, page 49. where the first change of that six is made
between the last two notes thus, 1 3 2. So in like manner is the first here
thus, 243, which is the same method with that, though not the same figures.
2431
1423
4321

1342
3241
1234
So that the making of the extream changes two ways in the twenty
four, proceeds from the two ways of making the six changes on three bells.
This last way of making the extream changes, may, for distinction from the
other way, be called mediums; which term is very proper, in regard that the
two middlemost of the four notes do always make the extream change. The
extream changes in one peal must all be made alike, that is, either betwixt
the two farthest notes from the hunt, or else betwixt the two nearest notes to
it; but the most usual way is to make them between the two farthest.
Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, and its first motion at the
beginning of the peal may be either up or down. The twenty four changes
may be rung sixteen ways according to the aforesaid method, yet the
changes to each are still one and the same; but by making each note a hunt,
and moving it either up or down at the beginning, and also by making the
extream changes two ways, the course of the changes will be so altered, that
the same changes shall not come all along together in any two of those
sixteen ways. With the hunting of one note it may be rung four ways; for
the note may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal; then in
its motion either way the extream changes maybe made two ways, as
before: so that to make each note a hunt, and with each hunt to ring it four
ways makes sixteen in the whole. Wherein ’tis observable, that the treble-
note cannot be moved down at first, nor the 4th up; therefore an extream
change must first be made, which is as effectual as if either note had moved
at first. I have here prickt the twenty four changes three ways, wherein the
extream changes are all made betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt.

2d. down 3d. up 4th. up

1234 1234 1234
2134 1243 2134
2143 2143 2143
1243 2134 2413
1423 2314 4213
1432 3214 4231
4132 3241 2431
4123 2341 2341
4213 2431 2314
2413 2413 3214
2431 4213 3241
4231 4231 3421
4321 4321 4321
4312 3421 4312
3412 3412 3412
3421 4312 3142
3241 4132 3124
2341 4123 1324
2314 1423 1342
3214 1432 1432
3124 1342 4132
3142 3142 4123
1342 3124 1423
1324 1324 1243
1234 1234 1234

The Changes on five Bells.

There are sixscore changes to be rung on five bells; but the Learner
may first practice some shorter peals, as the Ten changes, the twelve, the
Fourteen, the Twenty all over, the Twenty with one hunt, and the Forty
eight.
In the Ten changes the treble must first hunt up (a); the 2.3 must make
a change (b). The treble must hunt down again (c); the 3.2 must make
another change (d). The ten changes may also be rung by hunting down the
5 to lead; then 3.4 to make a change; the 5 to be hunted up again, and the
4.3 to make another change.
12345
21345
23145
a
23415
23451
b 32451
32415
32145
c
31245
13245
d 12345
In the Twelve changes the treble hunts up into the third place, then the
two first notes make a change; the treble hunts down again, then the two
hindmost notes make a change. First the treble hunts into the 3d place (a);
the two first notes 2.3 make a change (b). The treble hunts down (c); the
two last notes make a change (d); the treble hunts up (e); the two first notes
make a change (f); the treble hunts down (g); the two last notes make
another change (h).

12345
21345
a
23145
b 32145
31245
c
13245
d 13254
31254
e
32154
f 23154
21354
g
12354
h 12345
In the Fourteen changes, the treble first hunts up behind; then the 5
hunts down to lead; the treble then hunts down again into its own place; and
the fifth also hunts up into its own place.
The Twenty all over are rung in the same manner as the Twelve all
over upon four bells, to which I refer.
In the Twenty changes with one hunt, the hunting note continually
hunts up and down through the other notes, and every time it lies either
before or behind them, an extream change must be made betwixt the two
farthest notes from it. The treble shall be the hunt, and first hunteth up (a).
An extream change is made (b); the treble hunts down (c); an extream
change is made (d); which course must be continued to the end. The
extream changes may also be made betwixt the two next notes to the hunt.
Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, yet still observing to make the
extreams as before.

12345
21345
23145
a
23415
23451
b 32451
32415
32145
c
31245
13245
d 13254
In the forty eight changes, the 5th and 4th are both hunts, and 1 2 3 do
make the six changes; the 5.4 do hunt down by turns, and when either of
them leads, then one of the six changes is made. First the 5 hunts down (a);
one of the six changes is made (b); the 5 hunts up into its own place (c); the
4 hunts down (d); another of the six changes is made (e); then the 4 must
hunt up, and the 5 down again, &c. which course must be continued to the
end.
12345
12354
12534
a
15234
51234
b 52134
25134
21534
c
21354
21345
21435
d 24135
42135
e 42315
In the Sixscore changes, four of the notes do make the Twenty four
changes, and the fifth note hunts continually through them: so that the

course and method of the Sixscore is in effect the same with that of the Four
and twenty. For as the Four and twenty comprehended the Six changes on
three; so in like manner the Sixscore comprehend the Four and twenty
changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore in the Sixscore
there must be two hunts and three extream bells; one of the hunts is term’d
the whole-hunt, and the other the half-hunt, The three extream bells do
make the Six changes in the same manner as they were made before in the
Four and twenty changes upon four bells, and are here also call’d Extream
changes: the half-hunt and three extream bells do make the Four and twenty
changes in the same manner as the Four and twenty changes on four bells
were likewise made: and the whole hunt continually hunts through those
four bells, and every time it either leads or lies behind them, one change
must then be made in the twenty four. 1 shall here be the whole-hunt, 2 the
half-hunt, and 345 extream bells: so that 2345 must make the four and
twenty changes. Every extream change shall be made betwixt the two
farthest extream bells from the half-hunt. First, the treble hunts up (a). One
of the twenty four changes must now be made; and therefore 2 which is the
hunt in the twenty four, must begin its motion through the extream bells (b).
The treble hunts down (c); the half-hunt must proceed in its course (d); the
whole-hunt hunts up (e); The half-hunt proceeds forward (f); the whole-hunt
moves down (g). The half-hunt should now proceed, but having finished its
course through the extream bells, therefore an extream change must now be
made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from it, which are 3.4 (h). The
treble must hunt up (i); the half-hunt must now begin its course again
through the extream bells (k); treble hunts down (l); the half-hunt proceeds
in its course down (m); treble hunts up (n); the half-hunt proceeds in its
course down (o); treble hunts down (p); the half-hunt having finished its
course, therefore an extream change must be made betwixt the two farthest
extream bells from it, which are 3.5 (q). The treble hunts up (r). The half-
hunt begins its motion again through the extream bells, and first it moves up
over 4th (s). The whole hunt moves down (t); the half-hunt must proceed in
its course, and therefore must move over another note (v). And this method
being observed, will produce sixscore changes, and then the bells will in
course come round. Now ’tis observable, that the changes at (b d f h k m o q
s v x and z), being set down by themselves, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and
the changes on 2345 to be set directly under one another in the same
successive order as they were made, it will thereby appear, that those four

figures have made twelve changes of the twenty four, according to the
method of the first twenty four changes on four bells before set down. And
whereas here are just half the sixscore changes prickt down, so likewise
here are just half the four and twenty changes made therein: and the
remaining part of this sixscore being likewise prickt, the remaining part of
this four and twenty would also appear therein, which part being added to
the former twelve, would make up the twenty four changes compleat; and
the method of them the same in all respects with the first twenty four
changes on four bells, page.

12345
21345
23145
a
23415
23451
b 32451
32415
32145
c
31245
13245
d 13425
31425
34125
e
34215
34251
f 34521
34512
34152
g
31452
13452
h 14352
41352
43152
i
43512
43521
k 43251
43215
43125
l
41325
14325
m 14235
n 41235
42135
42315

42351
o 24351
24315
24135
p
21435
12435
q 12453
21453
24153
r
24513
24531
s 42531
42513
42153
t
41253
14253
v 14523
41523
45123
w
45213
45231
x 45321
45312
45132
y
41532
14532
z 15432
Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure, and its first motion at
the beginning of the peal may either be up or down. Any note may also be
made a half-hunt, and its first motion likewise up or down at pleasure; yet
still observing that the half-hunt and three extream bells must make the
twenty four changes, as in this last example. So that in the sixscore changes
the Learner may observe, that the three extream bells are always assigned
for the half-hunt to hunt through; and the half-hunt and three extream bells

are also assigned for the whole-hunt to hunt through: so that the whole-hunt
always hunts through four notes, and the half-hunt through three. The
extream changes may be made two ways; first, betwixt the two farthest
extream bells from the half-hunt, as in this last example; secondly, betwixt
the two next extream bells to the half-hunt, which may be called mediums,
for distinction from the former. But the most usual and easiest way, is to
make them betwixt the two farthest notes from the half-hunt.
Whereas the treble or fifth being made whole-hunts, the first of them
can neither be moved down, nor the last up, at the beginning of a peal;
therefore one of the twenty four changes must first be made, which is as
effectual, as if the treble had moved down, or the 5th up.
The Learner may observe, that two of the four and twenty changes are
never made together in any sixscore, but as soon as one is made, the whole-
hunt moves through the four notes before another can be made.
The sixscore changes may be rung one hundred and sixty ways, which
are thus demonstrable. There are five times four figures to be produced out
of five, and not twice four the same figures: as 1234. 1235. 1245. 1345.
2345. with each four the twenty four changes may be prickt sixteen ways,
as before I have shewed on four bells; so that here will be five times sixteen
four and twenties, which amount to eighty, and not two alike. Now to each
four add the fifth figure which is wanting, as to 1234 add 5, to 1235 add 4,
to 1245 add 3, to 1345 add 2, to 2345 add 1, and every fifth figure being
hunted through the sixteen four and twenties, which the other four make, as
the 5 through the sixteen four and twenties which the 1234 make, and the
like of the rest, will produce as many sixscores as there were four and
twenties, that is, 80. Then the whole hunt may hunt two ways through each
four and twenty, that is, up and down at the beginning, which doubles the
former number, and makes 160 in the whole.

Treble up, fifth down.

12345 12534 15243 21453 14325 13524
21534 51243 24153 14253 Extre. 13254
21345 25134 52143 24513 14523 13425
23145 25314 52413 24531 13245
23415 25341 52431 24351 15423 13452 Extre.
23451 52341 25431 24315 Extre. 13542 12345
23541 52314 25413 24135 15432
23514 52134 25143 21435 15342
23154 51234 21543 12435 14532 Extre.
21354 15234 12543 Extre. 14352 15324
12354 Extre. 12453 14235

Treble up, fourth down.

12345 12435 41253 21543 52134 14325
14235 14253 12543 51234 15342 13425
21345 41235 12453 12534 15234 15324
23145 42135 21453 21534 15243 13245
23415 42315 24153 25134 13524 13254
23451 42351 24513 25314 15423 13542
24351 Extre. 24531 25341 14523 12354
24315 42531 25431 Extre. 13452 12345
24135 42513 25413 52341 14532 14352
21435 42153 25143 52314 15432

Second down, fourth up.

12345 31524 34125 43512 35412 Extre.
31254 34215 43521 35421 53142
21345 32154 32415 43251 35241 53124
21354 23154 23415 42351 32541 53214
12354 23145 24315 24351 23541 52314
13254 32145 42315 23451 23514 25314
13524 31245 43215 32415 32514 25341
13542 31425 43125 34251 35214 52341
Extre. 31452 43152 34521 35124 53241
31542 34152 Extre. 34512 35142 &c.
In ringing terms the hunts are named in short, as in the peals here
prickt. The first which is named is here understood to be the whole-hunt,
and the last the half-hunt. For instance, Treble is the whole-hunt, and fifth
the half-hunt; and treble is the whole-hunt, and fourth the half-hunt, &c.

The Changes on six Bells.

There are seven hundred and twenty changes to be rung of six bells.
But the Learner may first practice some shorter peals.
The twenty four changes are thus rung. The treble must continually
hunt through the rest of the notes, and every time it leads or lies behind
them, an extream change must then be made between the two farthest notes
from it. The treble hunts up (a). A change is made betwixt the two farthest
notes from it, which are 2.3 (b). The treble hunts down (c). An extream
change is made betwixt 5.6 (d), which method must be continued to the
end. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, and the extream changes
may as well be made betwixt the two nearest notes to the hunt. The Thirty-
all-over are rung according to the method of the Twelve all over upon four
bells, to which I refer.
123456
213456
231456
a 234156
234516
234561
b 324561
324516
324156
c 321456
312456
132456
d 132465
The thirty six changes are thus rung. The treble hunts up into the third
place, and then the two first notes make a change. The treble hunts down
again to lead, and then the two notes in the 3d and 4th places do make a
change, except the 2 lies next the treble, and then the two hindmost notes.
The treble hunts up (a). The two first notes make a change (b). The treble
hunts down (c); the 2.4 make a change (d). In which manner the changes

are to be made untill the treble leads, and the 2 (which may be term’d the
half-hunt) lies next it, and then the extream change is made behind, as in the
last change of this example, there being but two of these changes in the
peal.
123456
213456
a
231456
b 321456
312456
c
132456
d 134256
314256
e
341256
f 431256
413256
g
143256
h 142356
412356
i
421356
k 241356
214356
l
124356
m 124365
&c.
In the Twelvescore long-hunts, (otherwise called the Esquire’s
twelvescore); the 6th and 5th are hunts, and 1234 do make the twenty four
changes. The 6th and 5th do hunt down by turns, and when either of them
leads, one of the twenty four changes must then be made. The course and
method of this is the same with that of the forty eight changes on five bells,
to which I refer the Learner.
In the Sevenscore and four, the treble and tenor are both hunts; and
2345 do make the twenty four changes, 2 being the hunt therein. The treble
and tenor do both hunt at one and the same time, the one up, and the other
down, crossing each others course; and when one of them leads, the other

always lies behind; at which time one of the twenty four changes must be
made. The extream changes in this peal are made in the same manner as
before I have shewed upon four bells. The treble hunts up, and the tenor
down (a). One of the twenty four changes is made (b). The treble hunts
down, and the tenor up (c). Another of the twenty four changes is made (d).
The treble hunts up, and the tenor down (e), &c. which method must be
observed to the end.
123456
213465
231645
a 236145
263415
623451
b 632451
362415
326145
c 321645
312465
132456
d 134256
314265
341625
e 346125
364215
634251
f 634521
&c.
In the sixscore changes there is a whole-hunt, a half-hunt, and four
extream bells. The half-hunt and four extream bells do make the twenty
changes in the same manner as the twenty changes were made upon five
bells with one hunt. page 61. The whole hunt hath a continual motion
through the other five notes, and every time it leads and lies behind them,
one of the twenty changes must then be made. In this example, treble is the
whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and 3456 extream bells; therefore 23456 must
make the twenty changes wherein 2 is the hunt, and every time it lies either

before the four extream bells, or behind them, an extream change must then
be made, which here shall be betwixt the two farthest extream bells from
the half-hunt. The treble hunts up (a). One of the twenty changes must now
be made, therefore 2 being the hunt in it, must begin its course through the
extream bells (b). The treble hunts down (c); The half-hunt proceeds
forward (d); the treble hunts up (e); the half-hunt proceeds forward in its
course (f); the treble hunts down (g); the 2 proceeds forward (h); the treble
hunts up (i); the half-hunt should now proceed forward, but its course
through the extream bells being finished, therefore an extream change must
be made betwixt 3.4, which are the two farthest extream bells from it, (k).
The treble must hunt down (l); the half-hunt must now go its course again
through the extream bells, and first it moves down under the 6th, (m) &c.
which method must be continued to the end. Any note may be made a
whole hunt at pleasure, or a half-hunt also. And the extream changes may
be made betwixt the two nearest extream notes to the half-hunt; but withall
observing to make all the extreams in one peal alike. There are four extream
changes in each peal, and thirty changes distance from one to another.

123456
213456
231456
a 234156
234516
234561
b 324561
324516
324156
c 321456
312456
132456
d 134256
314256
341256
e 342156
342516
342561
f 345261
345216
345126
g 341526
314526
134526
h 134562
314562
341562
i 345162
345612
345621
k 435621
l 435612
435162
431562

413562
143562
m 143526
&c.
The method of the Seven hundred and twenty, hath an absolute
dependency upon the method of the Sixscore changes on five bells; for five
of the notes are to make the sixscore changes, and the sixth note hunts
continually through them, and every time it leads or lies behind them, one
of the Sixscore changes must then be made. The method of the Seven
hundred and Twenty is in effect the same with that of the Sixscore: for as
the Sixscore comprehended the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six on
three; so likewise the Seven hundred and twenty comprehend the Sixscore
changes on five, the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six changes on
three. Therefore here must be three Hunts, and three Extream bells: the
three Hunts are thus distinguished; one of them is call’d the whole-hunt,
another the half-hunt, and the other the quarter-hunt. The Half-hunt,
Quarter-hunt, and three Extream bells, are to make the Sixscore changes;
the Quarter-hunt and three Extream bells are to make the Twenty four
changes, and the three Extream bells are to make the six changes, which are
here also called extream changes, and made in the same manner as before I
have shewed upon four bells. In this example here prickt, treble is the
whole-hunt, 2d the half-hunt, 3d the quarter-hunt, and 4 5 6 extream bells.
Now ’tis observable, that 4 5 6 are to make the six extream changes, which
will divide the seven hundred and twenty into six equal parts; the 3 4 5 6 are
to make the twenty four changes, wherein the 3d is the hunt, (but in the
seven hundred and twenty ’tis call’d the quarter-hunt;) and 2 3 4 5 6 are to
make the sixscore changes, wherein the 2d is the whole-hunt (though in the
720 ’tis call’d the half-hunt,) by which ’tis evident, that the treble
continually hunts through these five 2 3 4 5 6, the 2d through the four 3 4 5
6, and the 3d through these three 4 5 6; which are assigned for the
respective hunts to hunt through, from the beginning to the end of the peal.
First the treble hunts up (a). Now one of the sixscore changes must be
made, therefore the 2d being the hunt in the sixscore, must begin its course
through the other four notes (b). The treble hunts down (c); the 2d proceeds
in its course (d); the treble hunts up (e). The 2d proceedeth forward in its
course (f); the treble hunts down (g); the 2d proceeds forward (h); the treble

hunts up (i); the 2d, which is the half-hunt, should now proceed forward,
but having finished its course through the four bells, therefore the 3d, which
is the quarter-hunt, must begin its motion through the extream bells (k). The
treble hunts down (l). The half-hunt must now begin its course again
through the four bells, and first therefore it moves down under the 6 (m).
The treble must hunt up again, and then the 2d must move down under
another bell, which method must be observed untill the 2d has moved quite
down through the four bells again, and then the 3d must proceed forward by
moving over another of the extream bells; which method must be observed
in the motion of the three hunts, until the quarter-hunt hath moved up
behind the extream bells, and then the whole and half-hunts, having gone
their course again through the bells, an extream change must be made: after
which the whole, half, and quarter-hunts proceed again in their course as
before.

123456
213456
231456
a 234156
234516
234561
b 324561
324516
324156
c 321456
312456
132456
d 134256
314256
341256
e 342156
342516
342561
f 345261
345216
345126
g 341526
314526
134526
h 134562
314562
341562
i 345162
345612
345621
k 435621
l 435612
435162
431562

413562
143562
m 143526
The letter h standing by the figures signifies half-hunt, that is, the
motion of the half-hunt in that change; and likewise q the quarter-hunt.
Here are the first sixscore changes of a seven hundred and twenty; wherein
’tis observable, that all the changes at h and q being set down by themselves
in the same successive order as they were made, that is, the 1 to be
excluded, and the changes on the other five figures to be set down directly
under one another, and the extream change at last, it will thereby appear,
that the five figures have made twenty changes of a sixscore, according to
the method of the example on five bells, page 63. with this only difference,
these are made on 23456, and those were made on 12345; but the five
figures of each have both alike course, the 2d and 3d going the same course
in this, as the treble and 2d did in that. Now whereas the sixscore changes
here prickt down are a sixth part of the seven hundred and twenty, so
likewise are the twenty changes, here made by 23456, a sixth part of the
sixscore: and then consequently, the seven hundred and twenty changes
being all prickt, the sixscore changes on 23456 would plainly appear
therein, in the same manner as twenty of them appear in this sixscore.
Therefore more need not be said of the method of the 720, since the method
of the sixscore changes on five bells being well understood, will be a sure
and certain guide to the Learner: only this one thing farther; in ringing of
this peal with any hunts, the second extream change being made between
the two bells which made the first extream, will always bring the bells
round at the end of the twelvescore. But after twelvescore are made, they
cannot in course be brought round until the end of the 720.

123456
213456 435612 214536 456312
231456 435162 241536 456132
234156 431562 245136 451632
234516 413562 245316 415632
234561 143562 245361 145632
h 324561 h 143526 h 425361 h 145623
324516 413526 425316 415623
324156 431526 425136 451623
321456 435126 421536 456123
312456 435216 412536 456213
132456 435261 142536 456231
h 134256 h 432561 h 145236 h 452631
314256 432516 415236 452613
341256 432156 451236 452163
342156 431256 452136 451263
342516 413256 452316 415263
342561 143256 452361 145263
h 345261 h 142356 h 453261 h 142563
345216 412356 453216 412563
345126 421356 453126 421563
341526 423156 451326 425163
314526 423516 415326 425613
134526 423561 145326 425631
h 134562 h 243561 h 145362 h 245631
314562 243516 415362 245613
341562 243156 451362 245163
345162 241356 453162 241563
345612 214356 453612 214563
345621 124356 453621 124563
q 435621 q 124536 q 456321 Extre.
125463
The 720 changes may be rung one thousand nine hundred and twenty
several ways, which is thus demonstrable. There are six times five figures to

be produced out of six, and not twice five the same: as 12345. 12346.
12356. 12456. 13456. 23456. and with each five the sixscore changes may
be prickt one hundred and sixty ways, as before I have shewed on five bells.
Now to each five add the sixth figure which is wanting, as to 12345 add 6,
to 12346 add 5, to 12456 add 3, to 13456 add 2, and to 23456 add 1. And
the sixth figure which is added, being hunted through all the several
sixscores which the other five figures make; for instance, the 6 through the
160 several sixscores which 12345 make, and the 5 also through the 160
several sixscores, which 12346 make, and the like of the rest; will produce
as many seven hundred and twenties as there are sixscores, that is, six times
one hundred and sixty, which amounts to nine hundred and sixty. Then the
note that hunts through the other five, may hunt two ways through each
sixscore, that is, up and down, which will double the former number, and
make nineteen hundred and twenty in the whole.

AN INTRODUCTION
to the Knowledge of
CROSSE PEALS.

These Peals are term’d cross in respect of their intricate methods; wherein
several notes moving at one and the same time, do thwart or cross each
other in their course and motion, some moving up, others at the same time
down, gives this Denomination to the Peals. The end of pricking them is to
make the compleat number of changes by a method differing from that of
other Peals. For although five can be varied but 120 ways, and six but 720
&c. yet the methods by which they are varied, are differing, according to
the several fancies of the Artist. And as order and method are the only basis
on which this Art is founded; so the skilful Artists, the better to effect the
aforesaid end, have thought fit in most peals to appoint one note to be as it
were a Helm or Rudder, by which the course of the peal is steered; which
note is term’d a Hunt, and hath one constant uniform motion throughout the
peal, differing from that of the other notes. The manner of its motion is
continually through the other notes, that is, from leading to strike behind,
and from thence again to lead, which motion, first up and then down, is
term’d one compleat Course. Some peals upon five bells, as old Doubles,
&c. consist of single Courses; there being ten changes in every single
Course, and twelve of those Courses in the peal. Other peals upon five
bells, as London Paradox, &c. consist of double Courses; there being
twenty changes in every double Course, and six of those Courses in the
peal. Upon six bells there are also single and double Courses, viz. twelve
changes in every single Course, as in Grandsire Bob &c. and twenty four
changes in every double Course, as in Colledg Bob, &c. the change wherein
the Hunt leaves leading being the first change of every Course. Now the
methods of these peals being well considered, they will be found more easie

than at the first view they may seem to be; for the first Course of any Cross
Peal being judiciously viewed, the general method of the whole peal will
thereby appear: for all the Courses in a Cross peal do agree in these three
respects. First, in the motion of the Hunt; secondly, in the motion of the rest
of the notes; thirdly, in the making of the changes, which will plainly appear
in the following peals, (some few changes in each peal only excepted, as
hereafter I shall shew in my Directions to the several peals:) for proof of
which I will give an instance in the peal of new Doubles upon five bells,
these being the three first Courses of the peal. Wherein ’tis observable, that
the last change of the first Course which is 13524, I have set down again at
the top of the second Course; and likewise the last change of the second
Course which is 15432, I have also put at the top of the third course; which
I have done for the plainer Demonstration of what I here intend. So that the
ten lowermost changes are the ten changes of each Course.
First Course 2d Course 3d Course

12345 13524 15432
21354 31542 51423
23145 35124 54132
32415 53214 45312
23451 35241 54321
32541 53421 45231
23514 35412 54213
32154 53142 45123
31245 51324 41532
13254 15342 14523
13524 15432 14253
First therefore, as to the motion of the hunt, the 1 which is the hunt
moves directly up behind, where it lieth twice, and then down again to lead,
where it lieth also twice; as appears in each of these three Courses, and the
like also throughout the peal.
Secondly, as the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th bells move through the first
Course, so the bells that lie in the 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th places in the last
change of every course, moves in the same manner also through the next
following course. For instance; first, for the bell in the 2d place: in the first

course the 2d bell moves down to lead, where it lieth twice, and then
dodges untill the treble comes down to it. So likewise in the second course,
the 3d bell lying in the 2d place moves down to lead, where it lies twice,
and then dodges until treble comes down to it; and also in the third course,
the 5th bell lying in the 2d place, moves down to lead where it lieth twice,
and dodgeth until the treble moves down to it. Secondly, for the bell in the
3d place. In the first course the 3d bell moves down to lead, and there
dodgeth untill the treble comes down to it: so likewise in the second course
the 5th bell lying in the 3d place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth
untill the treble comes down to it: and also in the 3d course the 4th bell
lying in the 3d place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth until the treble
comes down to it. Thirdly, for the bell in the fourth place: In the first course,
the fourth bell moves up behind, then down into the 3d place where it lieth
twice, then up again behind; so likewise in the second course, the 2d bell
lying in the 4th place moves up behind, then down into the 3d place where
it lieth twice, then up again behind; and also in the third course the 3d bell
lying in the 4th place, moves therefore up behind, then down into the 3d
place where it lieth twice, then up again behind. And such uniform motion
also hath the bell in the 5th place through every course.
Thirdly, that the changes in all the courses of the peal are made alike,
will here also plainly appear in the three courses. For the first change of
every course is made on the two first and two last bells; the second change
of every course is made on the four last; the third is made on the four first;
the fourth on the two first and two last; the fifth on the four first; the sixth
on the two first and two last; the seventh on the four first; the eighth on the
four last; the ninth on the two first and two last; and the tenth single.
And thus in every Cross-peal the Courses do all agree, first in the
motion of the Hunt, secondly in the motion of the rest of the notes, and
thirdly in the making of the changes, as before I have showed. So that these
three things being well observed, will be very helpful both in pricking and
ringing them; the first and third being most proper to direct the pricking of
them, and the first and second the ringing of them. Therefore if the
Practitioner do but observe how the changes are made in the first course of
a peal, wherein he must have particular regard to the motion of the Hunt,
(with a little further help from the following directions to each peal, as to
the making of Extreams and Bob-changes) he may easily prick down all the
following Courses of the same peals and therefore in the following peals I

have onely prickt down two or three of the first courses for an example, and
then have abridged the rest of the peal by setting down only the changes
that are made at the leadings of the Hunt. But note, there are some few
Cambridg-peals upon five bells, wherein all the courses of each peal do not
agree in the aforesaid three respects: For although as to the motion of the
whole-hunt they do, yet in the motion of the rest of the notes, and
consequently in the making of the changes they do not.
It being very difficult to begin the following peals with cross hunts,
that is, to make the 2d, 3d, 4th &c. whole-hunts, I will therefore set down a
general rule for making the first changes at the beginning of each Peal,
wherein consists the great difficulty. In any Cross-peal the whole-hunt may
move either up or down at the beginning; and the motion of the whole-hunt
in the first course of each of the following peals will direct the first motion
of any cross hunt, and consequently of making the first changes in that peal.
For Example, admit the 4th were made the whole-hunt in the peal called
Old doubles and singles upon five bells, and to hunt up at first: now to
know how to make the first changes, observe how the change is made
wherein the treble (which is there the whole-hunt) moves up out of the 4th
place, and in the same manner must the change be made wherein the 4th
bell also moves up out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the
treble moves up out of the 4th place is a single behind; so likewise must the
change wherein the 4th bell moves up out of that place, be also a single
behind thus, 12354: and then as the next change wherein the treble lieth still
behind is double of the four first bells; so likewise the next change wherein
the 4th bell lieth still behind, must also be made on the four first, thus,
21534, &c. Or admit the 4th were to hunt down at the beginning, then
observe how the change is made wherein the treble hunts down out of the
4th place, and so in like manner must the change be made wherein the 4th
hunts also down out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble
hunts down out of the 4th place, is double of the four first bells; so likewise
must the change wherein the 4th bell hunts down out of that place, be also
double of the four first thus, 21435; then as the treble makes a single when
it moves down out of the 3d place, so likewise must the 4th next make a
single change in moving down out of the 3d place thus 24135, &c. which
observations will guide the making of the first changes in any cross peal
with any Hunts; but observe whensoever the first change of any peal
happens to be single, it must be made at the back-stroke to prevent cutting

compass; and the like when a double change happens first in a peal of
Triples and Doubles. And moreover by the way observe, that all the
following peals are so prickt, that in ringing them at half-pulls, if the first
change of each peal is made at the fore-stroke, the single changes in each
peal will always be made at the back-stroke; and also the double changes in
Triples and Doubles, excepting some few Single in two or three peals. But
when it happens that the first change of a peal is made at the back-stroke,
then consequently the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-
stroke change.
In such peals on five bells where singles are made in the 3d and 4th
places at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the extreams may there be made
three ways in each peal; viz. every time the half-hunt lieth next to the
whole-hunt; secondly, every time it lieth behind; thirdly, every time the
half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt, and also behind: in this last way there
are six extreams in each peal, but in other ways only three in each; the
extreams being always made when the whole-hunt leads, and betwixt the
two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt.
In such peals upon five bells wherein there are three extreams, and
made in the 3d and 4th places at the leadings of the whole-hunt; the rest of
the singles at the leadings of the whole-hunt may be made two ways in each
peal, viz. either in the 2d and 3d, or the 4th and 5th places; if they are made
in the 2d and 3d, then the extreams must be made when the half-hunt lyeth
behind; but if the singles are made behind, then the extreams must be made
when the half-hunt lieth next the whole-hunt, the extreams being always
made between the two next extream bells to the half-hunt.
In all the following peals the figures standing by themselves at the title
of the peal, are the hunts in the peal there prickt: for instance, in the first
cross-peal upon five bells call’d Old doubles and singles, the two figures
standing thus 1 and 2, are the hunts in that peal; 1 is the whole-hunt, 2 the
half-hunt, and the like of the rest.
All peals of doubles upon five bells, which go sixty changes compleat
without any single, by making of two extreams they will go 120. And also
all peals of doubles upon six bells, and triples and doubles upon six, which
go 360 changes without any single or extreme, by making of two extreams
they will go 720. The extreams in all these compleat peals proceeding from
one and the same cause, are therefore to be made after one manner,

according to this general and infallible rule: Wheresoever any two of the
extream bells are in course to make a change, those two bells by lying still
will effectually make the extream. So that the making of the extream in
doubles upon five bells, necessitates the making of a single change at the
same time, by reason that the two extream bells which should contribute to
the making of the double change, do lie still; so that the single change is
accidental, and very improperly called the extream. When the extreams in
triples and doubles upon six bells are made at double changes, then there
happens two singles in the peal; but when they are made at triple changes,
then those two changes will become double, and consequently the 720 will
then go compleat without any single. Upon five bells the first extream must
be made within sixty changes from the beginning, and the second extream
just sixty changes from the first. Upon six bells the first extream must be
made within 360 changes from the beginning, and the second extream just
360 changes from the first. The easiest way in practice, is to make the
extremes at the leadings of the whole-hunt; wherein it may be observed as a
general rule, That in all peals upon six bells, where the half-hunt dodgeth
behind at the bobs, there the first extream may be made either the first,
second, or third time: the half and quarter-hunts dodg together behind, and
then the second extream must be made the third time those two bells dodg
again together behind, after the first extream is made. And also in all such
peals upon six bells, where the doubles at the leadings of the whole-hunt are
made on the four middle bells, there the first extream may be made either
the first, second, or third time the half and quarter-hunts do make a change
in the 2d and 3d places, and then the 2d extream must be made the third
time those two bells come there again to make a change after the first
extream is made. The singles at all these extreams must be made by the half
and quarter-hunt. The first extream in any peal may also be made at any
place, where two of the extream bells are in course to made a change
according to the preceding general rule; and then the making of the second
extream may be guided by observations taken from the changes at the
leadings of the whole-hunt: for at the leadings of the whole-hunt the half
and quarter-hunts always come together to make a change in one place, just
at 120 changes distance from one another throughout each peal. Now as the
second extream must be made just 360 changes from the first, so the
making of it may thus be guided: Look how many changes, or else how
many leadings of the whole-hunt the first extream is made after the half and

quarter-hunts have made a change together, so many changes or leadings of
the whole-hunt must the second extream be made, after the third following
time that those two bells do made a change in the same place again. And
likewise in all peals, where there are single and double bobs, the same
observations will also hold good, in making the extreams either after the
single or double bobs as before; there being likewise 120 changes distance
between the single bobs and also between the double bobs: so that if the
first extream is made at a single bob, the second must then be made at the
third following single bob, and the like also at double bobs. And such kind
of observations, according to the nature of the peal, will guide the making
of the second extream in any peal, either upon five or six bells. Wherein ’tis
observable, that the second extream must always be made by the same two
bells, and in the same place where the first was made, which two bells will
in course lie apt for that purpose; and the rest of the bells will also in course
lie in the same places at the second extream where they lay at the first. After
the making of the first extream, the method of the peal goeth on as if no
extream had been made; and also after the making of the second extream if
any remaineth, it also goes on, until in course the bells come round.
In all compleat peals of doubles upon six bells there may also
moveable extreams be made, which are made according to this rule;
wheresoever any two of the extream bells are together, and in course to lie
still, those two bells by making a change will thereby make the extream,
which is as effectual as the fixed extream, the reason and ground of both
being one and the same. There are also two of these extreams in the peal,
and the second always made 360 changes from the first, and the making of
it guided by such kind of observations as before. When moveable extreams
are made, then there will be two triple changes in the 720; but when fixed
extreams are made, then two singles.
The art of cross-pricking may receive a being from this consideration.
As every compleat peal of plain changes upon one number comprehends the
compleat peals on all lesser numbers; so likewise every compleat cross-peal
must of necessity do the like, although their cross course permits it not to be
done so regularly and demonstrably as the former. From whence may be
inferr’d, that every note in a cross-peal must of necessity lie as many times
in one place, as the rest of the notes are capable of making changes; and
also that two or more of the notes must jointly lie in the same places as
many times, as the remaining number are also capable of making changes:

this being a certain touchstone to prove all cross-peals after they are prickt,
and must be held as a principle on which to ground such methods of
pricking, that the course of all the notes may demonstrably tend to produce
those effects. And from hence it is, that the whole hunt immediately derives
the manner of its uniform motion through the courses of each peal. And the
changes in every course are as so many guides to conduct the rest of the
notes in such sort, that they may be prepared to lie at the last change of the
course in apt places for each succeeding course to receive them, and to
perform the like. Now as the changes in all the courses of a peal are made
alike, except as before; so in the composing of cross-peals, by pricking of
one course may soon be discovered, whether or no a compleat Peal will
from thence arise.

Cross Peals.

The Twenty four, Doubles and Singles on four Bells.

This peal consists equally of double and single changes; one change is
double, the next single, and so throughout. 1 is here the hunt, and 2.3.4
extream bells. Every double change is made on the two first and two last
bells, and every single on the two middle bells, except when the 1 leads,
and then behind which is call’d extream. All the bells have a direct Hunting
course up and down until 1 leads, and then the bell in the second place lyeth
still, whilst the two hind-bells make a dodg; which being made, all the bells
proceed again in their Hunting course. The three changes of (a.b.c) are the
three extream changes.

1234
2143
2413
4231
4321
3412
3142
1324
a 1342
3124
3214
2341
2431
4213
4123
1432
b 1423
4132
4312
3421
3241
2314
2134
1243
c 1234

There are three ways to make the extream changes. First, every time
the hunt leads, as in the peal here prickt; secondly, every time it lies behind;
thirdly, every time it leads and lies behind: in this last way there are six
extream changes in the peal, but in the other two ways, only three extreams;
the extream changes must always be made betwixt the two farthest bells

from the hunt. Any bell may hunt at pleasure, and it may move either up or
down at the beginning of the peal. If the 1st or 3d do hunt down, or the 2d
or 4th up at the beginning, the first change must be single, and made of the
back-stroke (if ’tis rung at half-pulls) to prevent cutting compass; but if
either of those bells do hunt the contrary way, then the first change must be
double.

Old Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The treble hath
a direct hunting course, as in plain changes. Every double change is on the
four first bells, and the treble is one of the two bells that makes every single
change, except when it leads, and then the single is in the 3d and 4th places;
but when 2 lies next the treble, then the single is behind, which is call’d
extream. Every time the treble leaves leading, the two first bells continue
slow dodging, until the treble comes down and displaceth them. And when
the treble moves down out of the 5th place, the bell that comes into it lies
still there, untill the treble comes thither again, except when the extream
change is made behind. Every bell lies twice together in the 3d and 4th
places, except when the treble leads, and also when it hinders them in
hunting.

12345 51432
21435 15342 12543
24135 15432 Extre.
42315 12534
42351 13254
24531 13524 13425
24513 13245
42153 12435
41253 Extre. 14532
14523 12453 14352
14253
41523 15324 15243
45123 15234 15423
54213
54231 13452 12354
45321 13542 Extre.
45312 14235 12345
54132 14325
This old peal may be rung by a new course, which differs from the
former only in the single changes that are made every time the whole-hunt
leads, viz. every single may be made either in the 2d and 3d, or 4th and 5th
places. If they are made in the 2d and 3d, then the extreams must be made
when the half-hunt lies behind; but if they are made in the 4th and 5th
places, then the extreams must be made when the half-hunt lies next the
whole-hunt, the extreams being always made in the 3d and 4th places.

London Paradox. 1 and 2.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The motion of
the treble is after this manner; in hunting up, first, it makes a dodg in the 2d
and 3d places, then it lies twice in the 4th place, and four times behind; in
which manner also it hunts down again, and then leads four times. The rest
of the bells have a like course and motion with that of the treble, untill the
treble leads. Now ’tis observable, that every single change is made in the 2d

and 3d places until the treble leads, and then in the 3d and 4th places; but
when 2 lies next the treble, then an extream behind. The changes at the
leadings of thewhole-hunt have an absolute dependency upon the course of
the twenty four changes, doubles and singles upon four bells; and the
extreams to be made as many ways as in that peal, which are here guided by
the motion of the half-hunt.
12345 Extre.
21435 12453
24135
21453 14235
24153 14325
42513 13452
45213 13542
42531
45231 15324
54321 15234
53421 12543
54312 Extre.
53412 12534
35142
31542 15243
35124 15423
31524 14532
13254 14352
13524
15342 13425
15432 13245
12354
14523 Extre.
14253 12345
12435

Phœnix 5 and 4.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. Every bell leads
twice, and lies behind four times. Every single is made in the 2d and 3d
places, until the 5th comes behind, and then in the 3d and 4th places; but
when the 4th leads, (the 5th being behind) the single is in the 2d and 3d
places.
12345 54123
21354 51423
23154 15432
32514 14532
35214 41352
53241 43152
52341 34125
25431 34215
24531 43125
42513 41325
45213

London pleasure. 1 and 2.

This peal in the former printing of it was prickt another way, but I have
here transposed that Course, which in my opinion renders it more easie and
practical.

12345 23154 35142 15432
21345 21354 35412
23145 12354 35421 14532
32145 13254 53421 14523
31245 13524 53412 14253
31425 13542 53142 12453
34125 31542 51342
34215 31524 15342 12435
34251 31254 15324 14235
32451 32154 15234 14325
32415 32514 12534 14352
23415 32541
23451 35241 12543 13452
23541 35214 15243 13425
23514 35124 15423 13245
12345

Mr. Tendring’s Peal, call’d Grand Paradox. 1 and 5.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The motion of
the whole-hunt is after this manner: first, it moves up into the 2d and 3d
places, lying twice in each; then it moves up and makes a dodg behind, and
then lieth still one change in the 5th place; then it makes another dodg
behind, and so moves down into the 3d and 2d places lying twice in each as
before, and then leads four times. Every other bell hath a like course and
motion with that of the treble until the leadings of the treble, and then
observe, that every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the
double change is made on the two first and two last bells, except when it
goeth to lead if the half-hunt lies next it, and then not. Every bell leads four
times, and every single is made behind. The change wherein each bell
leaves leading, is always made on the four first bells, except as before.

12345 45321 21534 43152 13524 14523
21354 45312 25143 43125 13542
21345 54132 25134 41352 13254
23154 54123 52314 41325 12453 13245
23145 51432 52341 14352 12435 12354
32415 51423 53214 14325 14253 12345
32451 15243 53241 13452 14235
34215 15234 35421 13425
34251 12543 35412 15432
43521 12534 34521 15324 15423
43512 21543 34512 15342 14532

What you please, Doubles and Singles.

Every bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, except when the
extream is made behind; and twice in the second place, except when the
extream is made before: and note, when the treble is before the fourth
stroke, the single is in the 2d and 3d, the next time the single is behind; but
at other times the single is in the 3d and 4th places. When any bell leaves
leading the double change is on the two first and two last, and the extreams
are made by turns, first behind, then before, and so on to the end, for there
are six extreams.
12345 34521 21435 45231 14352 14235
21354 34251 21345 54213 14532 14325
21534 43215 23154 54123 15423 13452
25143 43125 23514 51432 extre. extre.
25413 41352 32541 51342 15432 13425
52431 41532 32451 15324
52341 14523 34215 15234 13254 12534
53214 14253 34125 12543 13524 12354
53124 12435 43152 extre. 15342 13245
35142 extre. 43512 15243 extre. extre.
35412 12453 45321 13542 12345

Old Doubles.
1 and 2.

The changes are all double, except one single every time the treble
leads. The treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes, and
every other bell hath a like hunting course with that of the treble until the
treble leads, and then a single is made in the 3d and 4th places; but when
the 2 lies next the treble, the single is behind which is call’d extream.
12345 13254 51432 12453 15234 14532
21435 13524 15342 14352
24153 31254 15432 14235 12543
42513 32145 14325 extre. 13425
45231 23415 14523 12534 13245
54321 24351 14253 13452
53412 42531 13542 15243 12354
35142 45213 12435 15423 extre.
31524 54123 extre. 15324 12345

New Doubles.
1 and 2.

The changes are all double, except one single at every leading of the
treble. The treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes; and
when it moves up from leading, the two first bells dodg untill it comes
down again and displaceth them. Every bell that comes into the 3d place
lies there twice, and then moves up behind; but the bell which lies there
when the treble leaves leading, moves down. Every bell lies twice behind,
except at the changes wherein the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading.
Every time the treble leads, a single change is then made in the 3d and 4th
places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, an extream behind.

12345 13254 51324 12453 14352
21354 13524 15342 12543
23145 31542 15432 14235 extre. 13425
32415 35124 14325 12534 13245
23451 53214 14523
32541 35241 14253 13452 15243 12354
23514 53421 13542 15423 extre.
32154 35412 12435 12345
31245 53142 extre. 15324 14532
15234

Reding Doubles. 1 and 2.

The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and when it
moves up from leading the two first bells dodg until it comes down again
and displaceth them; and whilst they dodg before, every bell that comes
down into the 3d place lies there twice, and then moves up again behind.
But after the dodging all the bells go a direct hunting course up and down,
until the dodging again hindreth them as before. Every bell lies twice
behind, except when the treble leaves leading if the 2d lies next it, and then
the double is made on the two first and two last bells; by which means the
two hind-bells then make a dodg, which happens in course once in twenty
changes, that is, every second time the treble leaves leading. By this method
it will go sixty changes, and then an extream must be made. The extreams in
this peal may be made according to the preceding general rule set down in
the Introduction. Here the first extream is made at the end of sixty changes,
the bells lying 1 3 2; and when they come to lie so again, the second
extream must be made; the extream is made behind, two of the extream
bells lying there, and the single is made in the 2d and 3d place at both the
extreams.

12345 12534 12354
21354 21543
23145 25134 13524
32415 52314 15342
23451 25341
32541 52431 14253
23514 25413 12435
32154 52143
31245 51234 14325
13425 15324 13452
14352 13542
41532 15234
45123 14235 12543
54213 12453
45231 15423
54321 14523 14532
45312 15432
54132 13245
51423 13254 extre.
15243 extre. 12345

Grandsire. 1 and 5.

The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every
other bell hath also a like hunting course with that of the treble except when
the bobs hinder. The bobs are double changes, and made on the two first
and two last bells according to this rule, viz. every time the treble goes to
lead and leaves leading, a bob-change is then made, except the 5th lying
next it makes a change there with it, and then not. Now ’tis observable, that
once in twenty changes, that is, at every second leading of the treble, the 5th
lies next it, and consequently there is but one bob-change then to be made,
but at other times two; so that at one leading of the treble there is but one
bob-change made, at the next leading there are two, and so successively by
turns, which for distinction may be call’d single and double bobs, The two

bells that dodg behind at a bob continue there dodging until the treble
comes up and displaceth them, and at every bob-change the bell in the 3d
place lieth still, and then moves down to lead. By this method it will go
sixty changes; and to carry on the course extreams must be made, there
being two in the peal. The manner of making an extream I have at large
shewed in the Introduction, and the extreams may here be made in any
place according to the general rule there set down. The easiest way in
practice is to make them at the leadings of the treble; at any single bob it
maybe made behind, two of the extream bells lying there, and to lie still
whilst the bells in the 2d and 3d places do make the single change: at any
double bob it may be made in the 2d and 3d places, so that the single must
there be made behind. If the first extream is made at the single bob, the
second must be made at the third following single bob; or if the first is
made at a double bob, the second must be made at the third double bob
following, as in this peal here prickt, where the first extream is made at a
double bob, and the second also made at the third following double bob.

12345 52143 52431
21354 51234 25341
23145 15324 23514
32415 13542 32154
34251 31524 31245
43521 35142 13254
45312 53412 extre.
54132 54321 13245
51423 45231
15243 42513 15342
12534 24153 13524
21543 21435
25134 12453 14253
52314 14235 12435
53241 41253
35421 42135 15234
34512 24315 12543
43152 23451
41325 32541 13452
14352 35214 14325
13425 53124
31452 51342 15423
34125 15432 14532
43215 14523
42351 41532 12354
24531 45123 extre.
25413 54213 12345
This peal will go with any hunts, and to begin it on the four hind bells;
but then in ringing it at half-pulls, the first change being made at back-
stroke to prevent cutting compass, the bells at the end of the peal will come
round at a fore-stroke change. Therefore the better way is to begin it on the
four first bells, which may also be done with any hunts, excepting 1.3, 1.5.
and 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, wherein the first change of each may be a bob. And
observe, that in any way of beginning it, the bells must all proceed in such a

perfect hunting course as the first change directs them, until the first bob
comes to be made.

Old Triples and Doubles.

One change is triple, the next double, and so by turns, except one
single at the end of every sixty changes. Every triple change is made on the
two first, the two middle, and two last bells; and every double is made on
the four middle bells, except when the hunt leads and then on the four hind
bells. Treble is here the hunt, and hath a direct hunting course up and down
as in plain changes: the rest of the bells have also a direct hunting course up
and down except when the treble leads, and then each bell that was hunting
up (except that in the 2d place) makes a dodge with the next bell below it,
and then proceeds forward again in its course up; and each bell which at the
same time was hunting down, makes a dodg with the next bell above it, and
so proceedeth forward in its course down; which method will carry on the
peal five courses of the hunt, that is sixty changes as they are here prickt.
In the 120 there is also a half-hunt; and when the whole-hunt leads and
the half-hunt lies next it, a single change must then be made, either in the 3d
and 4th, or 5th and 6th places; but observing when the half-hunt comes
again to lie next the whole-hunt, another single change must be made in the
same place where the first was made. These single changes are called
extreams, there being two in every sixscore, and the last of them always
falls out in course to be made just 60 changes from the first, that is, at the
fifth leading of the whole hunt after the first extream.

123456 135264 156342 164523 142635
214365 312546 513624 615432 416253
241635 321456 531264 651342 461523
426153 234165 352146 563124 645132
462513 243615 325416 536214 654312
645231 426351 234561 352641 563421
654321 462531 243651 325461 536241
563412 645213 426315 234516 352614
536142 654123 462135 243156 325164
351624 561432 641253 421365 231546
315264 516342 614523 412635 213456
132546 153624 165432 146253 124365
In the 240 there is also a half-hunt; and when the whole-hunt leads,
and the half-hunt lies next it, a single change being then made in the 4th and
5th places, will bring the bells round at twelvescore, there being four singles
in the peal, one of which falls in the course at the end of every sixty
changes.
In the 720 there is a whole, half, and quarter hunt, and every time the
whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lies next it, a single change must then be
made in the 4th and 5th places as in the twelvescore; but when the quarter-
hunt lies next the half-hunt, that is, when the three hunts come together
before, (which always happen at the end of every twelvescore) then the
single must be made behind, which is call’d extream, there being three of
them in the peal.
The sevenscore and four triples and doubles are the same with the
former except at the leadings of the treble, and then a single is always made
in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, an extream is
made in the 4th and 5th places. This peal is grounded on the twenty four
doubles and singles, the four middle bells making them at the leadings of
the treble.

Grandsire Bob. 1, 2 and 4.

The general method of this peal is the same with that next before, but
with this difference; whereas in that peal singles were made at the end of
every sixty changes to carry on the course, in this there are double changes
made in their stead, which are called Bob-changes, and made when the
treble leads in the 2d and 3d and the 5th and 6th places, whereas at other
times the double is there made on the four hind bells.
The Practitioner may observe these rules in the ringing of it, viz.
whatsoever bells he followeth when he hunteth up, he must follow the same
bells again, and in the same order, the next time he hunts down, as in these
changes here prickt; where the treble in hunting up first follows 2, then 4,
and then 6; and when it comes behind, first it follows 2 again, then in its
hunting down it follows 4 and 6 in the same order as when it hunted up;
which is also observed in the ringing of any other bell, but with this
difference betwixt the whole-hunt and the rest of the bells, viz. Every time
the whole-hunt leaves the treble’s place and hunts up, it followeth different
bells from what it did in its former hunting up, as may be seen in this
example: where in its first hunting up it first follows 2, then 4, then 6;
whereas in the next hunting up it first follows 3, then 2, then 4. But the first
time any other bell leads after a bob, whatsoever bells it then follows in its
hunting up, it follows the same bells likewise and in the same order every
time it hunts up, and consequently every time it hunts down unto the next
bob; as in this example, where 2 in its first hunting up, first follows 4, then
6, then 5, and likewise when it next hunts up it follows 465 as before, &c.
But when the whole-hunt is the second bell which he follows in hunting up,
he must follow it again when he next lies behind.
123456
214365
241635
426153
462513
645231
654321
563412
536142
351624
315264

132546
135264
312546
321456
234165
243615
426351
462531
645213
’Tis observable, that at every leading of the treble the two hind bells
dodg; and whensoever the half-hunt dodgeth there, a bob must then be
made, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not; which is
an infallible rule, by which he that rings the half-hunt may always give
notice of the bobs as well when the peal is inverted, as in the ordinary way
of ringing it. The bobs fall out in course single and double, the one single,
the next double; and so by turns; there being three single bobs and three
double bobs in the eighteenscore, and consequently six of each in the 720.
The aforesaid method being observed, will carry on the course of the
peal to the end of eighteenscore, which is just half the 720, and then it
terminates, as appears in the eighteenscore here prickt: but by making an
extream that number may be doubled; for then eighteenscore changes more
will go in course according to the former method; and another extream
being likewise made at the end of the last eighteenscore will compleat the
720. The manner of making an extream I have shewed at large in the
Introduction, page 90. where I have also set down a general rule for making
them, to which I refer.
The first extream may be made either the first, second, or third time
that the half and quarter hunts dodg behind; or else at the first, second, or
third single bob; at either of which places the single must be made behind.

132546 165432 132465 421536 142563
123456 bob. 134256 412356
214365 156423 312465 143265 124653
241635 514632 321645 142356 126435
426153 453126 236154 bob.
462513 435216 263514 162345
645231 342561 625341 124536 163254
654321 324651 652431 125463
563412 236415 564213 136524
536142 263145 546123 152643 135642
351624 621354 451632 156234
315264 612534 415362 153462
135264 165243 461235 165324 bob.
312546 162534 143526 163542 135426
321456 615243 bob.
234165 651423 134562 136452 153246
243615 564132 315426 163425 152364
426351 546312 351246
462531 453621 532164 136245 125634
645213 435261 523614 132654 126543
654123 546321 256341
561432 342516 265431 123564 162453
516342 324156 624513 125346 164235
153624 231465 642153
156342 213645 416325 152436 146325
513624 126354 143652 154263 bob.
531264 123645 bob. 164352
352146 216354 134625 145623
541362 261534 316452 bob. 146532
325416 625143 361542 154632 bob.
234561 652413 635124 164523
243651 564231 653214 145362
426315 453612 562341 bob. 146253

462135 435162 526431 154326 142635
641253 341526 254613
614523 314256 245163 145236 124365
Here are eighteenscore changes wanting one, which one if it were
made double as the former, would bring the bells round, therefore an
extream must be made as in this change 123465, the two hind bells making
the extream, and the bells in the 3d and 4th places making the single. Now
in regard that this extream is made the second time the whole-hunt leads
after a double bob, therefore the second extream must be made the second
time the whole-hunt leads after the third double bob following.
This peal may be rung with any hunts, and to begin the changes triple
and double as in this here prickt.

Fifty three London-Peals
upon Five, Six, Seven, and Eight
Bells, composed by F.S.

Crambo.

The changes are all single; it hath a perfect course, and may be prickt many
ways.
12345 45312 23514 35142 13254 41325
21345 54312 32514 35124 13245 14325
21435 54132 32154 53124 31245 14352
24135 45132 23154 51324 31425 14532
24153 45123 23145 51342 13425 41532
42153 54123 32145 15342 13452 41523
42135 54213 32415 15432 31452 14523
42315 52413 23415 51432 34152 14253
24315 52431 23451 51423 34125 41253
24351 25431 32451 15423 43125 41235
42351 25413 32541 15243 43215 14235
42531 25143 35241 51243 34215 12435
24531 52143 35214 51234 34251 21453
24513 52134 53214 15234 43251 12453
42513 25134 53241 15324 43521 21543
45213 25314 53421 13524 34521 12543
45231 52314 35421 13542 34512 12534
54231 52341 35412 31542 43512 21534
54321 25341 53412 31524 43152 21354
45321 23541 53142 31254 41352 12354
12345

The Primrose. 1 and 2.
The treble hath a perfect course as in plain changes. And when it hunts
up out of the 2d place it makes two singles together, and the like when it
hunteth down. When it leads, the single is in the 3d and 4th places, except
when 2 lies next it, and then an extream behind. Every bell (except the
treble) leads four times, and lies still behind untill the treble displaceth it,
except at the extream.
12345 51432 15234
21435 15342
24135 15432 12543
24315 Extre.
23451 14523 12534
32541 14253
35214 15243
35124 12435 15423
31524 Extre.
13254 12453 14532
13524 14352
31254 14235
32154 14325 13425
32514 13245
35241 13452
53421 13542 12354
54312 Extre.
54132 15324 12345

Orpheus.
12345 14253 34125 54312 32541 52134
13254 41523 43152 53421 23514 51243
13245 41532 43125 53412 23541 51234
31254 45123 34215 35421 25314 15243
31245 45132 34251 35412 25341 15234
32154 54123 32415 53142 52314 12543
32145 54132 32451 53124 52341 12534
23154 51423 23415 51342 25431 21543
23145 51432 23451 51324 25413 21534
21354 15423 24315 15342 24531 12354
21345 15432 24351 15324 24513 12345
12435 14523 42315 13542 42531
12453 14532 42351 13524 42513
21435 41352 43215 31542 45231
21453 41325 43251 31524 45213
24135 14352 34521 35142 54231
24153 14325 34512 35124 54213
42135 13452 43521 53214 52431
42153 13425 43512 53241 52413
41235 31452 45321 35214 25143
41253 31425 45312 35241 25134
14235 34152 54321 32514 52143
One change is double, the next single, and so by turns.

New Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2.
One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The treble hath
a direct hunting course up and down as in plain changes, and every time it
goeth to lead and leaves leading, the change is double on the two first and
two last bells, the rest of the double changes are on the four first. The treble
is one of the two bells that makes every single change except when it leads,
and then the single is made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2 lies
next the 1, then an extream is made behind. When the treble leaves the two
first bells, they continue slow dogding until treble comes down and
displaceth them. Every bell (except the treble) lieth twice in the 3d place.
12345 51324 15234
21354 15342
23154 15432 12543
32514 Extre.
32541 14523 12534
23451 14253
23415 15243
32145 12435 15423
31245 Extre.
13254 12453 14532
13524 14352
31542 14235
35142 14325 13425
53412 13245
53421 13452
35241 13542 12354
35214 Extre.
53124 15324 12345

The Morning Star. 1 and 2.
The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes; and every
time it hunts up, it makes two singles together, and the like when it hunts
down: when it leads the single is behind, but when 2 lies next it an extream
is made in the 3d and 4th places. Every time the treble goeth to lead and
leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells, and every
bell except the treble leads four times together.
12345 51432 14523 15243
21354 54132 14532 14253
23154 54312 13425 14235
23514 53421 12354 13452
25341 35241 extre. 15324
52431 32514 12534 12543 15342
54213 32154 extre.
54123 31254 14352 12453 12435
51423 13245 14325 extre.
15432 13254 13542 12345
15423 15234 13524

The Quirister. 1 and 2.
This peal consists most of double changes; the treble hath a direct
hunting course as in plain changes, and every time it hunts up and down it
makes a single in the 3d and 4th places; and when it leads, the single is
behind, but when 2 lies next it an extream is made in the 3d and 4th places.
12345 32514 15234
21354 35241 15243
23145 53421
23415 54312 14352
24351 54132 14325
42531 51423
45213 15432 12543
45123 15423 extre.
41532 51432 12453
14523 54123
14532 54213 15324
41523 52431 15342
45132 25341
45312 23514 14253
43521 23154 14235
34251 21345
32415 12354 13542
32145 extre. 13524
31254 12534
13245 12435
13254 13425 extre.
31245 13452 12345
32154
When the treble leaves the two hind bells, they continue dodging untill
it comes up again and displaceth them, and then they hunt directly down;
the first to lead, and the other into the 2d place: that which moves to lead,

having lead four times, gives place to the treble; but when the Treble hath
done leading it takes the treble’s place again, and leads four times more and
then hunts directly up; the other bell which moved down into the 2d place
lies there twice, and then the Treble in hunting down moves it into the 3d
place where it lies still, untill the Treble in hunting up moves it back into
the 2d place, where having lain twice it hunteth up. This Peal is as musical,
easie, and practical as any of this kind that ever was prickt.

The Faulcon. 1 and 2.

This Peal consists most of double changes. The treble hath a direct
hunting course as in plain changes, and every time it hunts up and down it
makes a single in the 3d and 4th places, and when it leads a single is also
made there, but when 2 lies next it the extream is made behind. When the
treble leaves the two first bells they continue there until it comes down
again and displaceth them, but observe, when the treble moves into the 5th
place, and again from thence, the double is on the two first and two last
bells, by means of which the two first bells then dodg, but before and after
they lie still. Every bell lies twice in the 3d place and then hunts up, except
that which lies there when the treble leaves leading.
12345 53241 15243
21354 35421 14235 15423
23145 53412 14325
23415 53142 14532
32451 51324 13452 14352
23541 15342 13542
32514 15432 13425
32154 15324 13245
31245 14523 15234
13254 14253 12354
13524 12543 extre.
31542 12435 extre. 12345
35124 extre. 12534
35214 12453

Merry Andrew.
1 and 2.

One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. The treble leads
four times, lies behind four times, and twice in every other place. Every
other bell leads four times. When the treble leaves the two hind-bells, they
continue dodging untill it comes up again and displaceth them. Every single
is made behind until the treble hinders, and then in the 2d and 3d places.
When the treble leads and the 2d lies next it, then an extream is made in the
3d and 4th places.
When the treble goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the
two first and two last bells, and when every other bell goes to lead and
leaves leading, the double in on the four first.
12345 51423 23514 15243
21354 15432 32154 15234
21345 15423 32145 12543
23154 14532 31254 extre.
23145 14523 31245 12453
32415 41532 13254
34215 41523 13245 13542
32451 45132 12354 13524
34251 45123 extre. 15342
43521 54213 12534 15324
45321 52413
43512 54231 14352 14235
45312 52431 14325 14253
54132 25341 13452 12435
54123 23541 13425 extre.
51432 25314 12345

May-day. 1 and 5.
One change is double, the next single, and so by turns. When the treble
goes to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last
bells; and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading, the double
is on the four first.
The treble hath a constant dodging course, for in its hunting up it first
makes a dodg in the second and third places, and then another behind, and
then it lies still one change in the 5th place; then in its hunting down it
makes another dodg behind, and also another in the 2d and 3d places, and
then leads four times. So that the treble in one of the two bells that makes
every single until it leads, and then ’tis made in the 2d and 3d places, except
when the 5th lies behind, and then an extream is made in the 3d and 4th
places. When the treble leaves the two hind-bells they continue slow
dodging, until it comes up again and displaceth them. Every bell leads four
times.

12345 45132 12543
21354 41523 15234
23154 45123 12534
21345 54213
23145 54231 14352
32415 52413 13452
32451 52431 14325
34215 25341 Extre.
34251 25314 14235
43521 23541
43512 23514 15324
45321 32154 13524
45312 31254 15342
54132 32145 13542
51432 31245
54123 13254 12453
51423 12354 14253
15432 13245 12435
14532 Extre. Extre.
15423 13425 12345
14523
41532 15243

St. Dunstan’s Doubles. 1 and 2.

The changes are all double except one single every 2d time the treble
leads, there being six in the peal. The treble is a perfect hunt; and every
time it goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is made on the two first
and two last bells, at which changes the bells in the 3d place lie still and
then move down, and the two hind-bells at the same time dodg: but at other
times all the bells have a direct hunting course. When the treble leads, and
the 2d lieth either in the 2d or 3d places, then a single must always be made
betwixt the two next extream bells to the 2d.
12345 13245 12453
21354
23145 15423 13542
32415 14532 15324
34251
43521 12354 14235
45312 extre. single.
54132 12534 14253
51423
15432 14352 13524
14523 13425 15342
41532
45123 15243 12435
54213 single. Extre.
52431 15234 12345
25341
23514 14325
32154 13452
31245
13254 12543
single. extre.

Church Doubles. 1 and 2.

The changes are all double except six singles as the former. The treble
is a perfect hunt; and every time it moves up into the 5th place, and also out
of it, the double is then made on the two first and two last bells, at which
time the bells in the 3d place do lie still and then move up; and the two first
bells at the same time dodg. When the treble leads, and the 2d lieth either in
the 2d or 3d places, then a single must always be made betwixt the two next
extream bells to the 2d.
12345 13254 14325
21435 single.
24153 13245 12543
42513 Extre.
24531 14532 12453
42351 15423
24315 15324
42135 12354 13542
41253 Extre.
14523 12534 14235
15432 single.
51342 13425 14253
53124 14352
35214 15342
53241 15243 13524
35421 single.
53412 15234 12435
35142 Extre.
31524 13452 12345
In this and the former peal the singles may be made in another manner,
viz. when the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt lieth either in the 4th or
5th places, a single must then be made betwixt the two next bells to the

half-hunt; but at other times a double change to be made when the whole-
hunt leads, as in the former way.

Stedman’s Principle.

The changes are all double, two singles excepted. One double is made
on the two first and two last bells, the next on the four last, and so by turns
successively; excepting every sixth change, which is double on the four first
bells, and for distinction is called a Parting change. All the bells have a like
course. The general method is this; the three first bells go the six changes,
and the two hind-bells in the mean time dodg; then a Parting change is
made which parts the two hind-bells, moving that in the fourth place down
into the 3d, and that in the 3d place up into the 4th, and then the three first
bells go the six again, the two hind-bells in in the mean time dodging as
before; and then another Parting change is made, and so successively on.
Every bell that comes behind continues there dodging six changes with one
bell and six with another, and then in course the Parting change brings it
down. One six cuts compass, the next doth not, and so by turns
successively. In the six which cut compass the two first bells of the three
makes the first change of it, but in the other the two last of the three. By this
method the peal will go sixty changes, and to carry it on farther extreams
must be made. An extream is made by the lying still of two bells when in
course they should make a change, as before I have shewed more fully in
the Introduction, page 90. but withall observing, that whereas in this peal
the bells have all a like course, therefore they may all be termed extream
bells, and consequently the extreams to be made according to this general
rule, viz. the first extream may be made by any two bells that are in course
to make a change within the compass of the first sixty changes of the peal;
and the second extream must be made according to this rule. Whatsoever
two bells are dodging behind at the first extream, when the same two bells
come to dodg there again, is a certain warning for the second extream to be
then made. And observe, how many changes the first extream is made from
a parting change; so many likewise must the last extream be made after a
Parting change also. And the single and extream comes in course each of
them to be made in the same place and by the same bells at the last extream,
as they were at the first. Here the singles are made behind, and the extreams
in the 2d and 3d places; and as the 4th and 5th bells do dodg behind at the
first extream, so likewise when they come to dodg there again, the second

extream is then made, the treble leading at both of them, as appeareth in the
peal here prickt.
12345 42135 52431 24513 51324
21354 41253 25341 42153 15342
23145 14523 52314 24135 13524
32415 41532 53241 21453 31542
23451 45123 35214 12435 35124
24315 54132 32541 14253 53142
42351 51423 23514 41235 35412
43215 15432 32154 14325 34521
34251 51342 31245 13452 43512
43521 53124 13254 31425 45321
45312 35142 extre. 34152 54312
54321 31524 13245 43125 53421
53412 13542 31254 41352 35241
35421 15324 32145 14532 53214
34512 51234 23415 41523 52341
43152 15243 32451 45132 25314
34125 12534 34215 54123 23541
31452 21543 43251 51432 32514
13425 25134 42315 15423 23154
14352 52143 24351 51243 21345
41325 25413 42531 52134 12354
14235 24531 45213 25143 extre.
12453 42513 54231 21534 12345
21435 45231 52413 12543
24153 54213 25431 15234
The first Parting change is here made the third change at the
beginning, and that six cuts compass.
In all the several ways of ringing this peal, if the Parting changes are
made at the fore-stroke, as in course they are in this here prickt, then cutting
compass is always on the same sixes, as in this peal: but when the Parting
changes are made at back-stroke, then the contrary six always cuts compass
to what doth here.

Peals upon Six Bells.

The single Method.

The changes are all single, and treble is the hunt. When the treble moves up
out of the 2d place, the two first bells continue slow dodging untill the
treble comes there again. And when the treble moves down out of the fourth
place, the two hind-bells likewise continue slow dodging until the treble
comes there again. When the treble leads, (if ’tis rung at half-pulls) the fore-
stroke change (that is, at the third stroke of the treble’s leading) is made in
the 3d and 4th places, the rest of the changes there are made behind. By this
method it will go sixscore changes.

123456 135264 164253
213456 164235
213465 153642
231465 153624 146352
231456 146325
321456 135624
324156 135642 164325
234156 164352
234516 153426
324516 153462 146523
324561 146532
234561 135462
235461 135426 164532
325461 164523
325416 153264
235416 153246 146235
235146 152346 146253
325146 152364 142653
321546 142635
312546 125643
312564 125634 124356
132564 126534 124365
132546 126543 123465
135246 123456
162435
162453
To ring 240. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt dodgeth
behind; the fore-stroke change must then be made in the 2d and 3d places,
as in this here prickt, where the 2d is the half-hunt and there are little marks
set at the fore-stroke changes.
To ring 360. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half and quarter-
hunts dodg behind, the fore-stroke change must then be made in the 2d and
3d places as before.

To ring 720. When the whole-hunt leads, and the half-hunt dodgeth
behind, the fore-stroke change must then be made in the 2d and 3d places as
before, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with the half-hunt, and then
in the 3d and 4th places as at other times. The 2d an 4th, or the 2d and 6th
may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.
“Note, in all the following peals upon six bells, the bobs are double
changes, and always made at the leadings of the whole hunt (except No-
nsuch Bob, for there the Bobs are made at the change wherein the whole-
hunt goeth to lead, and not when it doth lead.) And whereas in the following
peals the directions for calling bob runs thus; viz. Every time the half-hunt
dodgeth behind, a Bob must then be made, &c. ’tis there implied, That
whereas every time the whole-hunt leads, the two hind-bells then dodg;
therefore when the half-hunt dodgeth there at the leading of the whole-hunt,
a bob must then be made. And in like manner also must all the bobs in the
following peals be made at the leading of the whole-hunt. He that rings the
half-hunt may best call bob in all peals.”

A Cure for Melancholly.

Doubles and Singles. The Treble is the whole-hunt which leads four
times, lieth behind as many, and twice in every other place. When it moves
up out of the fourth place, the two bells in the third and fourth places
continue dodging until it comes down there again, and then the two hind-
bells dodg until the Treble displaceth them. The Treble is one of the bells
which maketh every double change, except when it lieth still behind, and
then the double is on the four first, and also when it leads the double is on
the four last. Every single is made in the fifth and sixth places, except when
the Treble lieth there, and then in the third and fourth places. Every bell
except the Treble lieth four times in the second place. By this method it will
go sixscore changes, but by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. The
bob is a double change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the
fourth place lieth still.

123456 134625
213465
213456 162345
231465 162354
231456 163245
234165 163254
234156
243516 125634
245316 125643
243561 126534
245361 126543
423561
425361 154263
423516 154236
425316 152463
452136 152436
452163
451236 143526
451263 143562
415236 bob
415263 134526
145236 134562
145263
142536 156423
142563 156432
bob
156423 165423
156432 165432
bob
165423 132654
165432 132645
136254
143652 136245
143625

bob 124365
134652 124356
123465
123456

To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then
be made as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.
To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together
behind, a bob must then be made.
To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then
be made, except the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.
2 may be the half hunt, and 4 the quarter hunt, or others at pleasure.

The Morning Exercise.

Doubles and singles. The treble is the whole hunt, and hunteth up into
the 2d, 3d and 4th places, lying twice in each; then having made a dodg
behind, it lyeth still in the sixth place, and then makes another dodg behind,
and so hunts down in the same manner as it hunted up, and then leads four
times. When the Treble moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind-
bells dodge untill it comes up there again; during which time the bell in the
4th place lieth still. And when the Treble moves up out of the second place,
each bell that comes there lieth four times, until the Treble comes down
there again. Every single is made behind. By this method it will go 120
changes; and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 270. At the bobs the
bell in the 2d place always lieth still.

123456 142365
213465 164352 142356
213456 164325
231465 bob 146532
231456 163452 146523
234165 163425 bob
234156 145632
243516 165243 145623
243561 165234
245316 156243 143265
245361 156234 143256
254631 134265
254613 154326 134256
256431 154362
256413 bob 136524
265143 153426 136542
265134 153462 bob
261543 135624
261534 152643 135642
216543 152634
216534 125643 132465
126543 125634 132456
126534 123465
162543 124365 123456
162534 124356
To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then
be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.
The warning for the bobs in the 360 and 720, is the same with that in
the peal next before: 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or
others at pleasure.

The City Delight.

Doubles and Singles. Treble is the whole-hunt, and lieth four times
before, four times behind, and twice in every other place. When it moves up
out of the third place, the singles are made in the second and third places
until it comes there again, and then behind until it moves up again out of the
third place. When it moves down out of the fourth place, the two hind-bells
dodg until it comes up there again, during which time the bell in the fourth
place lieth still. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will
go 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the bell in the second place always lieth
still; and the warning for them is the same with that in the two last peals. In
the 240 here prickt, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 360 or 720, the 2 and 4
may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.
123456 265143 153462 126534 143256
213465 256143 126543 134265
213456 251634 156234 134256
231465 251643 156243 124365
231456 215634 165234 124356 135642
234165 215643 165243 142365 135624
243165 125634 142356 bob
234165 125643 164352 136542
243615 152634 164325 145623 136524
246351 152643 bob 145632
264351 163452 bob 132465
246531 154326 163425 146523 132456
264531 154362 146532 123465
265413 bob 162534 123456
256413 153426 162543 143265

London Nightingale.

Doubles and Singles. Treble is the whole-hunt, and lieth four times
before, four times behind and twice in every other place. When it moves
down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells continue dodging until it
comes there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still.
And when the two hind-bells leave dodging then the two first bells dodg

until the hind-bells dodg again, and then they cease. By this method it will
go 120; and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the
bell in the second place always lyeth still; and the warning for them is the
same with that in the preceding peals. In the 240 here prickt, 2 is the half-
hunt; and in the 360 or 720, the 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts
or others at pleasure.
123456 163245
213465 126543 163254
213456 126534
231465 162543 125634
231456 162534 125643
234165 152634
234156 153624 152643
243516 153642
423516 bob 164523
243561 156324 164532
423561 156342 bob
245361 165423
425361 134562 165432
245316 134526
425316 bob 143652
452136 135462 143625
452163 135426 bob
451236 146352
451263 142356 146325
415236 142365
415263 124356 132465
145236 124365 132456
145263 123465
154236 136245 123456
154263 136254

The Evening Delight.

Doubles and Singles. Treble is the whole-hunt and leads four times,
lies behind four times, and twice in every other place, except in the 2d and
3d places where it makes a dodg every time it hunts up and down. Every
other bell hath the same course with the whole-hunt; but observing, when
they come down and have made a dodg in the second and third places, they
lie still one change in the second place, and then make another dodg there,
and so hunt up as the Treble did. But note, when the Treble goeth to lead
and leaves leading, the bells in the third and fourth places lie still. Every
single is made in the second and third places, and every bell lieth four times
behind. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 240,
360, or 720. At the bob-change, the bell in the 4th place always lieth still.

123456 153642
213465 146253 135642
231465 164253
213645 bob 136524
231645 146235 163524
236154 164235 bob
263154 136524
236514 162453 163542
263514 126453
265341 bob 165324
256341 162435 156324
265431 126435 bob
256431 165342
254613 124653 156342
245613 142653
254163 124563 153624
245163 142563 135624
241536 153264
214536 145236 135264
241356 154236
214356 145326 132546
124365 154326 123546
142365 132456
124635 153462 123456
142635 135462
To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth in the second and third
places a bob must then be made, as in this here prickt, where 6 is the half-
hunt.
To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together in
the second and third places, a bob must then be made.
To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth in the 2d and 3d places
a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with
it, and then not.

In the 360 or 720, the 6 and 5 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or
else 2 and 4, or others at pleasure.

Colledge Doubles.

Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting course. When it
moves down out of the 5th place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes
there again; during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still: but
otherwise the five hind-bells have a direct hunting course. By this method it
will go sixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, 360. At
the bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still.

123456 156234
213465 165243
231456
234165 164352
243615 bob
246351 163425
264531
265413 162534
256143 126543
251634
215643 124365
125634 142356
152643
512634 145623
521643 bob
526134 146532
562314
563241 143265
536421 134256
534612
543162 135642
541326 bob
514362 136524
154326
bob 132465
153462 123456

To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then
be made; as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.
To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunt dodg together
behind, a bob must then be made.
To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then
be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.

In the 180 or 360, 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others
at pleasure.
By making of two extreams the 360 may be doubled. They are to be
made according to the rules in the Introduction, page 90.

Non-such Bob.

Doubles. Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct hunting course.
When it moves up out of the third place, the bell that comes there lieth still
until the Treble comes down there again; during which time the two first
bells dodg. When the Treble leaves the two hind-bells, they dodg until the
change wherein the Treble goeth to lead, and then one of them moves
down; but as soon as that change is made, the two hind-bells dodg again
until the Treble moves up and parts them. Every time the Treble leads, the
double is made on the four hind-bells throughout the peal. By this method it
will go sixty changes; and by making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360.
The bob is always made at the change wherein the Treble goeth to lead, the
two first and two last bells making it.

123456 532641 165324 543162
213465 352614 163542 453612
231456 532164 613524 543621
234165 531246 631542 453261
324615 513264 635124 543216
234651 153624 365214 453126
324561 156342 635241 451362
234516 516324 365421 415326
324156 561342 635412 145236
321465 563124 365142 142563
312456 653214 361524 412536
132546 563241 316542 421563
135264 653421 bob 425136
315246 563412 136524 245316
351264 653142 135642 425361
352146 651324 315624 245631
532416 615342 351642 425613
352461 bob 356124 245163
536214 241536
356241 214563
536421 124653
356412 126435
536142 216453
531624 261435
513642 264153
153462 624513
154326 264531
514362 624351
541326 264315
624135
621453
612435
bob
162453

164235
614253
641235
642153
462513
&c.
To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth before, is a warning for
a bob to be made the next time the whole-hunt goeth to lead; as in this here
prickt, where 6 is the half-hunt.
To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together
before, is a warning for a bob to be made when next the Treble goeth to
lead.
To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth before, is a warning for
a bob to be made the next time the Treble goeth to lead, except the quarter-
hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.
In the 180 and 360, the 6 may be the half-hunt and 5 the quarter-hunt,
or others at pleasure.
By making of two extreams the 360 may be doubled; they must be
made according to the rule in the Introduction, page 90.
The bobs in this peal may also be made at the leadings of the whole-
hunt as in other peals, and the bell in the fourth place to lie still at every
bob-change. The warning for them in the 120, 180, and 360 being the same
with that in the Colledge Doubles, page 143.

London Doubles.

The Treble is the whole-hunt; and hath a direct hunting course. When it
moves down out of the fifth place the two hind-bells dodg until it comes
there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still. When
the Treble is behind, the two first bells make a change; but at other times
the leading bell lieth still. By this method it will go sixty changes, and by
making of bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360. At the bob-changes the bell in
the second place always lieth still. The warning for the bobs in the 120, 180,
and 360, is the same with that in Colledge Doubles, p. 143. By making of
two extreams it will go 720. The extreams must be made according to the
rule in the Introduction, page 90.
In the 120 here prickt, 2 is the half-hunt; and in the 180 and 360, 2 and
4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.
123456 541263 156342
213465 542136 164523
231456 524316 134562 bob
234165 523461 bob 165432
243615 253641 135426
246351 256314 143652
426531 265134 142356 bob
425613 261543 124365 146325
452163 216534
451236 126543 136245 132465
415263 162534 163254 123456
145236
154263 153624 125634
514236 bob 152643

Triples, Doubles, and Singles.

123456 153462
214365 bob
241635 135426
246135
264315 153246
623451 152364
632541
365214 125634
356124 126543
351624
315264 162453
132546 164235
135264
312546 146325
321456 bob
324156 164352
342516
435261 146532
453621 bob
546312 164523
564132
561432 146253
516342 142635
153624
bob 124365
135642 123456

Triples, Doubles, and Singles dodging behind.

123456 162345
214365 126354
241356
243156 156423
234516 bob
325461 154632
352641
536214 134256
563124 143265
561324
516342 163542
153624 136524
135642
316524 126435
361542 bob
365142 124653
356412
534621 154326
543261 145362
452316
425136 165243
421536 bob
412563 162534
145236
bob 132465
142563 123456

Doubles, and Triples.

123456 152364
214365 125346
241356
243165 165432
234615 bob
326451 164523
362541
635214 134256
653124 143265
651342
615324 153624
163542 135642
136524
315642 125463
351624 bob
356142 124536
365412
634521 164352
643251 146325
462315
426135 156234
421653 bob
412635 152643
146253
bob 132465
142635 123456

Single Bob.

123456 134562
214365 135426
241635
426153 125634
462513 bob
645231 152643
462531
645213 142356
654123 143265
561432
516342 163542
153624 165324
156342
513624 125463
531264 bob
352146 152436
325416
234561 132654
325461 136245
234516
243156 146532
421365 bob
412635 164523
146253
bob 124365
164235 123456

London Bob.

123456
214365 162534
241356 126543
423165
432615 145623
346251 bob
436521 146532
345612
354162 135642
531426 bob
513462 136524
154326
bob 125634
153462 152643

164352 146253
bob 164235
163425
132465
124365 123456
142356

153246
135264

City Bob.

123456 163425
214365 bob
241635 136452
426153
462513 163254
645231 162345
465321
643512 126543
634152 125634
361425
316245 152436
132654 154263
136245
312654 145362
321564 bob
235146 154326
253416
524361 145623
254631 bob
526413 154632
562143
651234 145236
615324 142563
163542
bob 124365
136524 123456

These six peals will each of them go sixty changes without any bob,
and by making of bobs each of them will go 120, 180, and 360. In three of
them, viz. Triples Doubles and Singles, Single bob, and City bob, at the bob-
changes the bell in the fourth place always lyeth still; whereas at the rest of
the changes which are made at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the bell in
the second place lieth still. And in the other three peals, viz. Triples doubles
and singles dodging behind, Doubles and Triples, and London Bob, at the

bob-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still, whereas at the
rest of the changes that are made at the leadings of the whole-hunt, the bell
in the fourth place lieth still. The warning for the bobs in the 120, 180, and
360, in each of these six peals is the same with that in the 120, 180, and 360
in Colledge Doubles, p. 143. Each of these peals will go 720 with two
extreams, which must be made according to the rule in the Introduction,
page 90.
In the 120 of each there prickt, viz., in City Bob, London Bob, and
Triples doubles and singles, the 2 is the half-hunt, and in the other three
peals the 3 is the half-hunt.
In the 180 and 360 of each peal, the 2 and 4 may be the half and
quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.

New Bob.

Triples and Doubles. The general method of this Peal is the same with
Grandsire Bob, and the bobs also made as in that peal. It will go 120, 180,
or 240, and by making of two extreams it will go 360 or 480; and with six
singles it will go 720.
To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then
be made.
To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunt dodg together
behind, a bob must then be made; and by making of two extreams it will go
360. The first extream may be made at the first, second, or third bob;
observing to make the second extream at the third following bob from the
first extream, where the singles in both must be made behind.
To ring 720. The bobs throughout the peal are made by the same rule
as in the 120, but farther observing, when the whole and half-hunts come
together before, if the quarter-hunt lieth either in the third or fourth places,
then a single must be made betwixt the two next extream bells to the
quarter-hunt.
The 2 may be the half-hunt and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at
pleasure.

Colledge Little Bob, dodging behind.

Triples and Doubles. The Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a direct
hunting course. When it moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind-
bells dodg until it comes there again. All the bells have a direct hunting
course, but observing, that when any bell moves up into the fourth place, if
the Treble is then any where below it, it lies there twice, and then moves
down again. By this method it will go sixty changes; and by making of bobs
it will go 120, 180, or 360. At every bob-change the bell in the second place
lieth still. The warning for the bobs is the same with that in Colledge
Doubles, page 143. And the two extreams in the 720 must be made
according to the rule in the Introduction, page 90.

123456 162345
214365 126354
241356
423165 156423
432615 bob
346251 154632
364521
635412 134256
653142 143265
561324
516342 163542
153624 136524
135642
316524 126435
361542 bob
635124 124653
653214
562341 154326
526431 145362
254613
245163 165243
421536 bob
412563 162534
145236
bob 132465
142563 123456

In the 120 here prickt, 3 is the half-hunt; and in the 180 or 360, 2 and 4
may be the half and quarter-hunts, or others at pleasure.
This peal in practice will be found very plain and easie, and also good
Musick.

Colledge Little Bob, dodging before and behind.

Triples and Doubles. The Treble hath a direct hunting course, and
when it moves up out of the second place, the two first bells dodg until it
comes there again; and also when it moves down out of the 5th place, the
two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again. Every bell that moves up
into the fourth place, if the Treble is any where below it, lies there twice and
then hunts down; and also every bell that moves down into the third place,
if the Treble is any where above it, lieth there twice, and then hunts up
behind. By this method it will go sixty changes, and by making of bobs it
will go 120, 180, or 360. At every bob-change the bell in the second place
lieth still. The 2 is the half-hunt in the 120 here prickt, and 2 and 4 may be
the half and quarter-hunts in the 120 and 360, or others at pleasure.

123456 bob
214365 156342
241356
423165 134562
243615 bob
426351 135426
246531
425613 142356
245163 124365
421536
412563 136245
145236 163254
154263
512436 125634
521463 152643
254136
524316 164523
253461 bob
523641 165432
256314
526134 143652
251643 bob
215634 146325
126543
162534 132465
123456
153624
The warning for the bobs is the same with that in the Colledge
Doubles, p. 143. And the two extreams in the 720 must be made according
to the general rule in the Introduction, page 90.

Court Bob.

Triples and Doubles. The Treble hath a direct hunting course. Every
bell that comes before and behind makes a Dodg, then lieth still, and so
moves away, except the bell that lieth still behind when the treble leads, and
also that bell which leads when the Treble lieth behind, both which do dodg
before and after their lying still, and then move away. When the treble leads
and lieth behind, the double is made on the four middle bells. By this
method it will go sixty changes; and with bobs it will go 120, 180, or 360.
At the bob-changes the bell in the fourth place lieth still.

123456 165324
214365 156234
241356
423165 143265
243615 134625
426351
462531 152643
645213 bob
465123 125634
641532
614523 143652
165432 134562
156342
513624 126543
531642 bob
356124 162534
536214
352641 143526
325461 134256
234516
324156 165243
231465 156423
213456
124365 132465
bob bob
142356 123456

To ring 120. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change next the whole-
hunt, a bob must then be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-
hunt.
To ring 180. Every time the half and quarter-hunts make a change
together next the whole-hunt, a bob must then be made.
To ring 360. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change next the whole-
hunt a bob must then be made, except when a quarter-hunt makes a change

there with it, and then not.
In the 180 and 360 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts or others
at pleasure. The two extreams in the 720 must be made according to the rule
in the Introduction. The first extream may be made either first, second, or
third time that the half and quarter-hunts make a change together in the
second and third places at the leading of the whole-hunt; and then the
second extream must be made the third time following that those two bells
make a change there again, the extreams being there made in the fourth and
fifth places, and the singles in the second and third places.
Every time the Treble leads, the double may as well be made on the
four hind-bells, and the bobs to be made as before; but the warning for them
the same with Colledge Doubles.

Five Colledge Bobs.

In these five peals, the Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a like
dodging course in all of them. The general method of the five peals is as
follows: viz.
Colledge Bob the first. When the Treble moves down out of the fifth
place, the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads
twice, and then hunts up into the fourth place, unless the dodging course of
the Treble hinders it, where it lieth twice and then moves down again;
except the bell that dodged with the Treble before, and also that which leads
when the Treble lieth still behind, both which hunt directly up. When the
Treble moves down from dodging in the third and fourth places, the bell
that dodged there with it continues in those two places, lying twice together
in each by turns until the Treble comes to dodg there with it again.
Colledge Bob the second. Every bell when it comes to lead makes a
dodg before, then it lyeth still one change, then it makes another dodg, and
so moves up into the fourth place where it lieth still twice, and then down
again; except it dodgeth with the Treble in the fourth place, and then it
hunts up behind. But when the Treble moves down out of the third place,
the two bells in the third and fourth places continue there until the Treble
comes up there again, during which time the two hind-bells dodg.

Colledge Bob the third. When the Treble leaves leading, the two first
bells dodg until it comes to lead again; except when the Treble dodgeth
behind, for then the two first bells lie still. When the Treble leaves the two
hind-bells, they lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until the
treble comes there again. The two middle bells always dodg until the Treble
hindereth them.

Colledge Bob the First.

123456 435216
214365 &c.
124356 163542
213465 bob.
231456 165324
324165
321456 123564
234165 bob.
243615 125346
426351
462315 143526
643251 134562
634521
365412 165432
356421 156423
534612
543162 124653
451326 142635
453162
541326 136245
514362 bob.
153426 132654
513462
154326 156234
145362 bob.
413526 152643
143562
415326 146253
451362 164235
543126
541362 132465
453126 123456

Colledge Bob the Second.

123456 543216
214365 &c.
124356 153624
213465 bob
231645 135642
326154
231654 153462
326145 bob
362415 135426
634251
364215 153246
632451 152364
623541
265314 125634
625341 126543
263514
236154 162453
321645 164235
236145
321654 146325
312564 bob
135246 164352
315264
132546 146532
135264 bob
312546 164523
132564
315246 146253
351426 142635
534162
351462 124365
534126 123456

Colledge Bob the Third.

123456 462513
214365 &c.
123465 165432
214356 bob
241365 156423
423156
241356 143526
423165 bob
243615 134562
426351
423615 152364
246351 153246
423651
246315 126543
243651 125634
426315
246135 164235
421653 162453
246153
421635 143652
412653 bob
146235 134625
412635
146253 165324
142635 bob
416253 156342
142653
416235 132546
461253 135264
642135
461235 124365
642153 123456

Colledge Bob the Fourth.

123456 462513
214365 &c.
124356 165432
213465 bob
231456 156423
324165
321456 143526
234165 bob
243615 134562
426351
246315 152364
423651 153246
246351
423615 126543
243651 125634
426315
462135 164235
641253 162453
642135
461253 143652
416235 bob
142653 134625
412635
146253 165324
142635 bob
416253 156342
146235
412653 132546
421635 135264
246153
241635 124365
426153 123456
Colledge Bob the fourth. When the Treble leaves the two hind bells,
they dodg until it comes there again; and then the two first bells dodg until

the Treble gives way for the two hind bells to dodg again, and then the two
first bells cease dodging.

Colledge Bob the Fifth.

123456 632514
214365 &c.
124356 163542
213465 bob
231456 136524
324165
321456 163425
234165 bob
324615 136452
236451
234615 163254
326451 162345
234651
326415 126543
324651 125634
236415
326145 152436
231654 154263
236145
321654 145362
312645 bob
136254 154326
316245
132654 145623
136245 bob
312654 154632
132645
316254 145236
361245 142563
632154
631245 124365
362154 123456
Colledge Bob the fifth. When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they
dodg until it comes there again. And when it leaves the two first bells they

lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until it comes down there
again; during which time the bells in the third and fourth places dodg except
when the Treble hindereth them.
By these methods each of them will go 120 changes, and by making of
bobs they will go 240, 360, or 720. In the first of them the bell in the second
place lieth still at the bob-changes, and in the other four the bell in the
fourth place always lieth still.
To ring 240. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then
be made, as in these peals here prickt; where, in the first peal the 4 is the
half-hunt, and in the other four peals the 2 is the half-hunt.
To ring 360. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together
behind, a bob must then be made.
To ring 720. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then
be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.
In the 360 or 720 of each peal the 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the
quarter-hunt or others at pleasure.

The Experiment.

Triples and Doubles. The Treble is the whole-hunt, but never hunteth
up farther than the fourth place, for the four first bells go Doubles and
Singles; and every time the Treble leads an extream is made in the third and
fourth places, according to the common course of doubles and singles upon,
four bells; which course of doubles and singles must be continued, the two
hind bells in the mean time dodging, until the making of the first Parting
change, which will separate the two hind bells; and then the four first bells
go the same course of doubles and singles again, the two hind bells dodging
as before, until the making of the second Parting change, and so
successively. The Parting change is a double change on the four middle
bells, and made at the leading of the Treble. The first Parting change may
be made either at the first second or third leading of the Treble, observing,
that whatsoever bell in the first Parting change moves down to the Treble,
when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the second Parting
change must then be made. And whatsoever bell in the second Parting
change moves down to the Treble when the Treble leads, and that bell lieth

next it again, the third Parting change must then be made, and so
successively. There being five Parting changes in the Peal, and as many
half-hunts, each of the bells (the Treble excepted) taking that place one after
another; and consequently, the five persons that ring them must call the
Parting changes one after another as their turn comes, according to the
aforesaid rule.

Changes upon Seven Bells.
The methods upon five may be prickt upon seven, observing but the true
difference of proportion in the changes; that is, doubles upon five bells must
be triples upon seven; doubles and singles upon five must be triples and
doubles upon seven, &c.

Plain Triples.

All the bells have a direct hunting course. All peals upon six bells
wherein half the changes are triples, will go upon seven according to this
method here prickt; two of the changes upon six being always made at the
leadings of the Treble, the six hindmost bells making them: the first is a
triple change brought in by the course of the bells, and the next must either
be double or single according to the method of the changes upon six.
1234567
2143657
2416375
4261735
4627153
6472513
6745231
7654321
7563412
5736142
5371624
3517264
3152746
1325476

Dodging Triples.

Triples and Doubles upon six may also go upon seven, according to
this method here prickt, but in the same manner as the former.
1234567
2143576
2415367
4251376
4523167
5432617
4523671
5432761
4523716
5432176
5341267
3514276
3152467
1325476
1352746

Colledge Bob Triples.

1234567 6745312
2135476 7654132
2314567 7561423
3241657 5716243
3426175 5172634
4362715 1527364
4637251 1253746
6473521
Every time the Treble leaves leading, the bell in the third place lieth
still, whilst the four hind bells dodg; but otherwise all the bells have a direct
hunting course as Plain Triples. By this method it will go seventy changes,
and by making of bobs it will go 350. The rule for the bobs is this; when the
Treble goeth to lead, if the half-hunt lying before gives it place, then a bob
must be made at that change, wherein the bell in the third place lieth still,
and the four hind bells dodg; so that at every bob the four hind bells make

two dodges before they part. By making of two extreams it will go 700, and
with four extreams it will go 1400. But by making of intervening bobs it
will go 700 compleat triples without any extream; 1400 with two extreams,
and 2800 with four extreams. Any bell may be made a half-hunt.

Colledge Bob, Triples: the second way.

1234567 4536271 7162534 7326145
2135476 5463721 1726354 3762415
2314567 5647312 1273645 3674251
3241576 6574132 2176354
3425167 6751423 2713645
4352617 7615243 7231654
When the Treble leaves leading, the two hind bells dodg until Treble
parts them; but in all other respects ’tis the same with the former, and the
bobs made in the same manner, and by the same rule as in that peal, and it
will go as many changes also as that.

Colledge Triples, dodging behind.

1234567 5346271 7165324 3675124
2143576 3564721 1756342 6357214
2415367 3657412 1753624 6532741
4251376 6375142 7135642
4523167 6731524 7316524
5432617 7613542 3761542

Colledge Triples, dodging before and behind.

1234567 2436571 4126753 4726153
2143576 4263751 1462735 7462513
2415367 2467315 1467253 4765231
4251376 4276135 4176235
2453167 2471653 4712653
4235617 4217635 7421635
Each of these two peals by the method here prickt will go Eighty four
changes; and then when the Treble leads, and the half-hunt lieth next it, a
Parting change being then made, they will go 420. And by making of bobs
they will go 5040. 2 may be the half-hunt, or any other at pleasure. The
Parting change is a double on the four middlemost of the six hind bells.
’Tis plainly demonstrable, that the Principle upon five may go 420
triples upon seven, which is a twelfth part; 840, which is a sixth part; or
1260, which is a fourth part of the whole, and the utmost period of triple
changes. And then by making of four extreams it may go 5040, the
compleat peal.
Great variety of peals may be prickt upon seven: as Triples, Triples
and Doubles, Triples Doubles and Singles; Doubles, Doubles and Singles,
&c. But changes upon seven being seldom practised, I will therefore forbear
to wast more paper in pricking down examples, and proceed to the changes
on eight.

Changes upon Eight Bells.

Sixscores upon five bells are commonly rung upon eight, three bells lying
behind. The most musical to lie behind are 218, 418, 148, 248, 348, 468,
648, 548, 864, 241, 321, and 135 to be laid behind, and then 1 and 3 to dodg
throughout the peal. And also 184 to be laid behind, and to go the six
changes thus, 814. 841. 481. 418. 148. 184. 814. &c. and so on to the end of
the sixscore. They may go the sixes either at whole or half-pulls. Peals upon
six, as Triples and Doubles, &c. make exceeding good musick upon Eight,
48. 68. 41. or 18. lying behind. Or else Triples and doubles upon the six
middle bells, the Treble leading, and the Tenor lying behind. And also
Triples upon seven, the Tenor lying behind. But for such as have not yet
attain’d the skill to ring these compleat peals, Sett-changes are very proper
for them, being easie and rung with little difficulty.

Colledge Grounds.

The grounds of these sett-changes are of two kinds. First, placing of
the bells Fifths, or secondly Thirds. To place them fifths; the 4 must hunt up
behind the 7, the 3 behind the 6, and the 2 behind the 5. Or else the 5 may
hunt down under the 2, the 6 under 3, and the 7 under 4. Or otherwise, first
a single, then a double, and then a triple change to be made on the
middlemost bells, all which are to one effect; for then the bells will lie fifths
thus, 15. 26. 37. 48. Here are four Concords to be chiefly regarded in the
peal. The first is 15. the second 26. the third 37. and the fourth is 48. These
four Concords may go the methods of any changes upon four bells; 1.5
being taken for the Treble, 2.6 for the Second, 3.7 for the Third, and 4.8 for
the Fourth; and the Concords to change places with each other at pleasure.
Wherein ’tis observable, that the two notes of every Concord must
constantly attend each other in their motion; that is, whensoever one of the
two notes moves, the other must follow it. For example: admit they were to
go the twenty four changes, and that 1.5 were to hunt up over 2.6, 3.7, and
4.8. first therefore it must move up over 2.6, wherein it makes four changes:
for first, the 5 moves up over the 2 thus, 12563748, the 1 must follow it

thus, 2156.37.48. Then the 5 moves up over 6. 2165.37.48. the 1 follows it
again 26.15.37.48; here the two Concords have made a change. In which
manner also 1.5 must move up over 3.7. and 4.8. And in this manner are the
Concords to move and change places with each other throughout the peal.
Or secondly, to place the bells thirds, the 64 and 2 must hunt up, or else the
357 down; or otherwise a triple, a double, and a single change to be made
on the middlemost bells; all which are to one and the same effect, for then
the bells will lie thirds thus, 13.57.24.68. Here are also four Concords
principally to be regarded in the peal: the first is 1.3, the second 5.7, the
third 2.4, and the fourth 6.8. These four Concords may also go the methods
of any changes upon four bells, 1.3 being taken for the treble, 5.7 for
second, 2.4 for the third, and 6.8 for the fourth, and they must move in the
same manner as before I have shewed. By these Grounds great variety of
excellent and Musical changes are to be rung. If they go the twenty four,
then the peal will consist of four times that number, that is, ninety six
changes. But they may go only the first eight changes of the twenty four,
and then the peal will consist of thirty two. Or else the first eight changes of
a twenty four doubles and Singles, which will consist of forty eight if the
double changes of the twenty four are singled, otherwise but thirty two as
before. Any Concord may be made a hunt and to move either up or down at
the beginning: so that these Grounds afford great diversity. In the ringing of
these Sett-changes the notes will lie sometimes fifths, sometimes thirds, and
sometimes thirds and fifths, and then ’tis pleasant Musick to Clam them,
that is, the two notes of each Concord to strike together; and if they are
clam’d true, the eight bells will strike as if they were but four, but with far
greater harmony. They may Clam two or three bouts, and then strike open
as many, and so alternately; or else they may Clam one pull, open the next,
and so on. To reduce the notes of the fifths to their right places again at the
conclusion of the peal, either 234 must hunt down, or else 765 up; or
otherwise a Triple double and single change to be made on the middlemost
bells, all which are to one effect, and will bring the bells round. To reduce
the thirds either move down 246 into their places, or else move up 753 into
theirs; or otherwise make single, double, and triple change on the
middlemost bells; all which are to one effect, and will bring the bells again
round.

The methods of all peals upon six bells may be prickt upon eight,
observing but proportion in the changes, according to the difference in the
number of bells, viz. Triples and doubles upon six must be quadruples and
triples upon eight. Doubles upon six must be Triples upon eight, &c.

Bob-Major.

12345678
21436587
24163857
42618375
46281735
64827153
68472513
86745231
87654321
78563412
75836142
57381624
53718264
35172846
31527486
13254768
13527486
Plain Quadruples and Triples. All the bells have a direct hunting
course until the Treble leads, and then the six hindmost bells dodg. By this
method it will go 112. And by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or 672.
The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in
the 4th place lieth still.
To ring 224. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then
be made.
To ring 336. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together
behind, a bob must then be made.
To ring 672. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a bob must then
be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.
The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.
By making of two extreams it will go 1344, and with four extreams it
will go 2688.

All peals upon six bells wherein half the changes are triples, will go
upon eight according to the method before prickt, but after this manner. If it
is a peal upon six, which consists of 360 or 720 changes, then in the ringing
of it upon eight there must be five hunts. The Treble may be the first hunt; 2
the second &c. Now the method of the peal must go on according to that
before prickt until the Treble leads, and the 2 lie next it, and then two of the
changes upon six are always made, the six hind bells making them: the first
is always a triple change brought in by the course of the bells thus,
12436587, and the second either double or single according to the method
upon six; and the third fourth and fifth Hunts in eight, are the whole half and
quarter-hunts in the changes upon six. By this method it will go 40320
compleat, but then every 112th change will be a double, and sometimes
single in some peals. The bells may be brought round at 672 in some peals,
but in others not till 1344.

Colledge Bob-Major.

The first. The second. The third. The fourth.

12345678 12345678 12345678 12345678
21436587 21436587 21436587 21436587
24163578 24163578 24135678 24135678
42615387 42615387 42316587 42316587
46251378 24651378 43261578 24361578
64523187 42563187 34625187 42635187
65432817 24536817 36452817 24365817
56348271 42358671 63548271 42638571
53684721 24385761 65384721 24368751
35867412 42837516 56837412 42637815
38576142 24873156 58673142 24367185
83751624 42781365 85761324 42631758
87315642 24718356 87516342 24613785
78136524 42173865 78153624 42167358
71863542 41237856 71856342 41263785
17685324 14328765 17583624 14627358
16758342 13482756 15786342 16423785
Quadruples and Triples. The first hath single dodging behind; the
second single dodging before and behind; the third double dodging behind;
and the fourth double dodging before and behind. It may also be prickt a
fifth way, viz. with single dodging before, and double dodging behind. And
likewise a sixth way, viz. with doubled dodging before, and single dodging
behind. The dodging is without intermission except when Treble hindreth,
and also betwixt two bells until Treble parts them. By this method each of
them will go 112, and by making of bobs they will go 224, 336, or 672. The
bobs are triple changes at the leadings of the Treble; in the first second and
sixth the bell in the 4th place lieth still at the bobs, and in the third fourth
and fifth the bell in the 2d place lieth still. The warning for the bobs is the
same with that in Bob-major next before. And the extreams made as in that
peal, 2 may be the half and 4 the quarter-hunt in the four first, or others at
pleasure.

Colledge Triples, dodging before and behind.

12345678 42587613
21435687 24578163
24153678 42571836
42513687 24517863
24531678 42157836
42536187 41275863
24563817 14725836
42568371 17452863
24586731
By this method it will go 112, and by making of bobs it will go 224,
336, or 672. The bob is a triple-change at the leadings of the Treble,
wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth still. The warning for the bobs is the
same with that in Bob-major, and the extreams also the same as in that peal.
The 2 may be the half-hunt, and 4 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.

The Wild-Goose Chase.

12345678
21536784
25163748
52613784
56231748
65327184
63572814
36752841
37625481
73265418
72356148
27531684
25713648
52173684
51237648
15327684

13572648
31752684
37125648
73215684
72351648
Triples. The fourth bell must first hunt up into the 7th place and then
the 4 and 8 continually dodg behind throughout the peal, except when the
Treble hindreth them. The bell that moves up into the 6th place when the
Treble moves down from thence, lieth still there until the Treble displaceth
it; during which time the two hind bells dodg, and the five first go a perfect
hunting course. And also when the Treble moves up out of the 5th place, the
five first bells go a hunting course until it comes down there again. By this
method it will go eighty changes, and by making of bobs it will go 160,
240, or 480. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Treble, wherein
the bell in the 4th place lieth still.
To ring 160. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change in the 2d and
3d places, a bob must at the same time be made.
To ring 240. Every time the half and quarter-hunts make a change
together in the second and third places, a bob must then be made.
To ring 480. Every time the half-hunt maketh a change in the second
and third places, a bob must then be made, except when the quarter-hunt
makes a change there with it, and then not. The 2 may be the half-hunt, and
6 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.

Colledge Triples, dodging behind.

12345678 62345178
21435687 26431587
24153678 24613578
42513687 42163587
45231678 41236578
54326187 14326587
53462817 13462857
35642871 31642875
36524781 36124857
63254718 63214875
The method of ringing this peal is the same in all respects with that
next before, with this only difference. Every time the whole-hunt leads, the
triple change is here made on the six middle bells, which parts the two
hind-bells, and so introduceth them by degrees into the body of the peal. By
this method it will go 112, and by making of bobs it will go 224, 336, or
672. The bob is a triple change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell
in the 6th place lieth still. The warning for the bobs in the 224 is the same
with that in the 160 next before. In the 336 ’tis the same with that in the 240
next before. And in the 672 ’tis the same with that in the 480 next before. 2
may be the half-hunt and 5 the quarter-hunt, or others at pleasure.

The Grand Experiment.

Quadruples and Triples. The Treble is the whole-hunt, but never
hunteth up farther than the sixth place; for the six first bells go triples and
doubles, it matters not of what sort, provided that the double changes at the
leadings of the Treble are always made on the four hindmost of the six
bells; which course of triples and doubles must be continued, the two
hindmost of the eight bells in the mean time dodging until the first Parting
change is made, which will separate the two hindmost bells; and then the
six first bells go the same course of triples and doubles again, the two
hindmost bells in the mean time dodging as before, until the second Parting
change is made, and so successively. The Parting change is a triple change
on the six middle bells, and made at the leadings of the whole-hunt. The
first Parting change may be made either at the first second third fourth or

fifth leading of the Treble; observing, that whatsoever bell in the first
Parting change moves down to the Treble, when the Treble leads and that
bell lieth next it again, the second Parting change must then be made. And
again, whatsoever bell in the second Parting change moves down to the
Treble, when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the third
Parting change must then be made, and so successively; there being seven
Parting changes in the peal, and as many half-hunts, each of the seven bells
taking that place one after another. So that the seven persons that ring the
2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th bells, must call the Parting changes one after
another, according as the aforesaid rule directs them: or else he that rings
the Treble may do it, but not so well as the rest. To ring it with such peals
upon six bells which consist of single courses, it will go 420; with double
courses 840. This peal may also be rung triples, that is, the six first bells to
go doubles, the two hind bells in the mean time dodging, and the Parting
changes to be made as before. But in ringing it with such Peals of Triples
and Doubles, or else Doubles upon six bells, where the double change at
every leading of the Treble is made in the 2d 3d 5th and 6th places, there,
whatsoever two bells lie next the Treble at the first Parting change, the
same two bells will lie next it at every Parting change, which will be a rule
for calling them, there being only five Parting changes in it, which are
triples as before. The first Parting change may also here be made either the
first second third fourth or fifth time the Treble leads. If it is rung with peals
upon six bells, consisting of single Courses, it will then go 300, with double
Courses 600. This peal may also be rung by Concatenating of divers kinds
of methods. For as the peal consists of several parts, viz. from one Parting
change to the next, being accounted a compleat part; so each part may be
rung by a different method from the rest. For any peals upon six bells,
whether doubles, or triples and doubles, consisting either of single or
double Courses, may indifferently be rung together in this peal, succeeding
each other in the several parts of it, and at every Parting change a new
method to begin. Or else any two of them to succeed each other alternately
throughout the parts of the peal, or more or less at pleasure. But still
observing, that all that are rung together in one peal must be such, where
the doubles at the leadings of the Treble are made on the four hindmost of
the six bells; or else all of them such, where the doubles at the leadings of
the Treble are made in the second and third, and the fifth and sixth places. If
they are of the first kind, then there will be seven Parting changes in the

peal, and as many half-hunts; and the half-hunts must successively call the
Parting changes as before I have shewed: if of the later kind, then but five
Parting changes, which must be call’d by the same rule as before I have
shewed in ringing it with one peal of this kind. And also observing, if the
first Parting change is made at the first second third or fourth leading of the
Treble, then whatsoever method it goes at first, it must also go the same
again after the last Parting change is made. But in ringing it with peals of
the first kind, the second being made the first half-hunt, and to call the first
Parting change; and with peals of the later, the 3d likewise: then the last
Parting change in either of them will conclude the peal.
This peal may go the method of the Experiment upon six bells, page
162, that is, the four first bells to go the Twenty four Doubles and Singles as
in that peal; and the four hindmost bells in the mean time to dodg double.
The Parting changes are triples on the middle bells, and the same rules
observed in making and calling them, as in that peal: but here are seven of
them in this, and 168 changes.
The Experiment upon six may also be rung Comprehensively herein.
The six first bells to go that compleat peal, the two hindmost of the eight
bells in the mean time dodging; and every time the 3d bell comes to call the
Parting change on six, then instead of it a Grand change must be made, that
is, a triple on the six middle bells: and then the six first bells to go the
compleat peal again, the two hindmost bells in the mean time dodging as
before, untill the third bell calls another Grand change, and so successively;
there being three of them in the peal, and 360 changes. If the bells are
placed 23567148 at the beginning, the 4.8 will dodg behind the first
sixscore of it, 4.1 the second, and 1.8 the third, and then the 5th may call the
Grand changes in the place of the 3d; or any other three bells may be laid
behind at first, for the sake of Musical dodging. The first Grand change
may be made either at the first second third fourth or fifth Parting change,
observing, that whatsoever bell at the first Grand change should then in
course have call’d a Parting change, every time that bell comes to call a
Parting change, it must call a Grand change in the place of it: or else any
one of the six first bells (the whole-hunt excepted) may be appointed
beforehand to attend the calling of the Grand changes, observing, that every
time that bell comes to call a Parting change, a Grand change must be
call’d in the place of it.

Imperial Bob.

Quadruples and Triples. The Treble hath a dodging course. The two
first and two last bells always dodg until the Treble hindreth them, and in
the mean time the two next bells to those dodging bells do lie still one
change, dodg the next, and so by turns until the Treble also hindreth them.
And the two bells in the fifth and sixth places whilst the Treble is behind,
and those in the 3d and 4th places when ’tis before dodg, until Treble
likewise hindreth them. By this method it will go 224, and by making of
bobs it will go 448, 672, or 1344. The bob is a triple change at the leading
of the Treble, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still.
12345678 42361875 16847253 14283675
21436587 24368157 16482735
12346578 42631875 18645273
21435687 24613857 18765432 18462537
24136578 42168375 bob
42315687 24618357 17864523 16587432
24135678 42163875 bob
42316587 41268357 16573824 15684723
24361578 14623875 bob
42635187 41263857 15678342 18753624
24631578 14628375 bob
42365187 14263857 17352648 17856342
24635817 41628375 17536284
42368571 14268357 15372846
24365817 41623875 13274586 15738264
42638571 46128357 13725468
24365871 64213875 13254768
42638517 46123857 12438765 13527486
24635871 64218375 12347856
42368517 46281357 12436587
24638157 &c. 14826357 12345678
To ring 448. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then
be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the half-hunt.

To ring 672. Every time the half and quarter-hunts dodg together
behind, a bob must then be made.
To ring 1344. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind a bob must then
be made, except when the quarter-hunt dodgeth there with it, and then not.
The 2 and 4 may be the half and quarter-hunts, others at pleasure.

Nottingham Peals.

Nottingham Mixt Peal.
1.6.2.

123456
214365
241635
426153
462513
645231
654321
563412
536142
351624
315264
132546
132564
——————
The Changes are plain Trebles and Doubles until the Treble leads, and
then a single change is always made. The Peal called Old Doubles and
Singles upon five bells is the ground of this Peal, every single in this peal
being the single in that. For as in that peal the whole-hunt is one of the two
bells that make every single; so likewise in this, the 6 being the half-hunt, is
one of the two bells that makes every single change herein, except when it
lieth next the whole-hunt, and then the single is behind; but when 2 lieth
also next the 6, then extream in the fourth and fifth places.

Nottingham Trebles and Doubles.
1.2.3.

123456
214365
241356
423165
432615
346251
364521
635412
653142
561324
516342
153624
135264
312546
321564
The ordinary course is to move directly, except when the whole-hunt
passes either out of or into the second’s place, and then constantly dodg
behind. There are single and double bobs; the bob is a double change at the
leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the 4th place lieth still. When the
third hunt dodges behind, the second hunt then leading, is a warning for the
single bob to be made at the next leading of the Treble. And when the
second and third hunts dodg together behind, is a warning for the double
bob to be made at the two next leadings of the Treble. The two extreams in
the 720 must be made according to the general rule in the Introduction, p.
90.

Nottingham Single Bob.
1.5.2.
123456 341265
214365 314625
241635 136452
426153 bob
462513 163425
645231 614352
654213 641532
562431 465123
526413 456132
254631 541623
245361 514263
423516 152436
432156 154263
One time the Treble hunts quite up, the next time only up into the
fourth place, and so by turns, as in the example here prickt. The bells
observe the course of the Treble, and also dodg it being before; and once in
120 changes bob, when that bell which is nominated for the second hunt
lying behind twice, meets with the third hunt when the first hunt is going to
lead. The second and third hunts are both one.
The first single, The second single.
124365 123465
124356 123456

Nottingham Bob.
1 and 2.

The Treble hath a dodging course, and every time it leads, the double
is on the four middle bells, except the bobs which are made in the 2d and
3d, and the 5th and 6th places. The bobs are single and double. When the
whole-hunt leads and the half-hunt lieth behind, is a warning for a double
bob to be made at the two next leadings of the Treble, there being but three
changes betwixt the two bobs. And when the half-hunt lieth in the first and
second places for twenty changes together, is a warning for a single bob to
be made the second time the Treble leads. The extreams must be made
according to the general rule in the Introduction, page 90.
123456 523614 412635 562314 162453
214365 526341 146253 653241 126543
241635 253614 bob 635421 215634
426153 235164 164235 364512 216543
421635 321546 612453 365421 125634
246153 325164 621543 634512 152364
264513 231546 265134 643152 513246
625431 213456 261543 461325
624513 124365 625134 463152
265431 142635 652314 641325
256341 416253 563241 614235

Redding Bob.
123456 324516
214365 234561
124356 325416
213465 235146
231456 321564
324165 235164
231465 321546
324156 312564
234516 135246
325461 315264
235416 132546
324561 135264
235461
The treble hath a dodging course, and when it moves up out of the 2d
place the two first bells dodg until it comes there again; and when it moves
down out of the 5th place, the two hind bells dodg until it comes there
again, except only whilst it dodgeth in the 3d and 4th places, and then the
two hind bells lie still. When the Treble lieth behind the double is on the
four first bells; and when it leadeth on the four last. By this method it will
go 120, and by making of bobs it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the bobs the
bell in the 4th place lieth still. The rule of calling the bobs is the same with
that in the Colledge Bobs, page 162.

Redding Bob according to the Cambridg way.

123456
214365
124356
213465
231456
324165
321456
——————
——————
231654
236145
321654
312645
136254
316245
132654
136245
This is the same with the former, excepting only the double changes
which are made when the Treble dodgeth in the 3d and 4th places, both in
hunting up and down; which are here made on the four hind bells, whereas
in that they were made on the four first bells: so that here the two hind bells
dodg without intermission until the Treble hindreth them. This will also go
240, 360, and 720, and the bobs made by the same rule as the former.

Fifteen Oxford Peals.

Adventure. 1 and 2.

12345 35142 12453 15243
21435 31542 15423
24135 35124 14235 14532
21453 31524 14325 14352
24153 13254 13452
42513 13524 13542 13425
42531 15342 13245
45213 15432 15324 12354
45231 15234 Extr.
54321 14523 12543 12345
54312 14253 Extr.
53421 12435 12534
53412 Extr.
Doubles and singles. Every bell leads four times. The Treble hath a dodging
course; and is one of the two bells which makes every single change except
when it leads, and then ’tis made in the 3d and 4th places; but when the 2
lieth next it, an extream behind.

Camelion. 1 and 2.

12345 45213
21354 45123
23145 41532
23415 14523
24351 14253
42531
Every time the Treble hunts up and down, it makes a single in the third and
4th places, and when it leads the single is there also; but when 2 lies next it,
then an extream behind. Every bell except the Treble leads four times.

Medley. 1 and 5.

12345 54132
21354 54123
21345 51432
23154 51423
23145 15243
32415 15234
34215 12543
32451 12534
34251
43521 14352
45321 14325
43512 13452
45312 13425
Doubles and Singles. The treble leads four times, lieth behind as many, and
twice in every other place. Every other bell leads four times. Every single is
made behind, except when the Treble is either in the fourth or fifth places,
and then in the second and third places. Every time the Treble goeth to lead
and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells, except
when the treble goeth to lead if the 5th gives it place, and then the double is
made on the four first bells.

Oxford Paradox. 1 and 5.

12345 54312
21435 54132
21345 45312
23154 45132
23514 41523
32154 41253
32514 14523
35241 15423
35421 14532
53241 15432
53421
Doubles and singles. Every bell leads four times, and lieth behind as
many. Every single is made in the third and fourth places until the Treble
leads, and then in the second and third places: but when the Treble leads
and the fifth lieth behind, then the extream in the third and fourth places.

Halliwell. 1 and 2.

12345 54312
21354 45312
21345 54132
23154 54123
23145 51432
32415 51423
23415 15432
32451 15423
34251 14532
43521 14523
45321
Treble leads four times, lies behind as many, and twice in every other
place. When it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there
again, except when it leads and 2 lies next it, for then an extream is made in
the third and fourth places.

Oxford Sixscore.

12345 32514
21345 32154
23145 31254
23415 13254
23451 13524
32541
The Treble hath a direct hunting course, as in plain changes; and the
changes are all single except when the Treble lieth behind, and then a
double is made on the four first bells; and when it leads, the single is in the
third and fourth places, but when 2 lieth next it an extream behind.

Fortune. 1 and 2.

12345 13254
21354
23145 14523
32415 14532
34251
43521 12354
45312 Extr.
54132 12534
51423
15432 14352
15423 14325

13245 &c.
Doubles. The Treble is a perfect hunt, and when it leaves the two hind
bells they dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then
hunts directly up, unless the aforesaid dodging hindreth them. Every time
the Treble leads, a single is made behind, except when 2 lieth next it, and
then an extream in the third and fourth places.

Oxford Single Bob.
Triples, Doubles, and Singles.
1. 2. and 3.
123456
214365
241356
423165
432615
346251
364521
635412
653142
561324
516342
153624
156342
513624
531642
356124
365214
The Treble hath a direct hunting course; and when it leaves the two
hind bells they dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and
then hunts directly up, unless the aforesaid dodging hindreth them. When
the Treble leads, the double is on the four hind bells. By this method it will
go sixty changes, and by making of singles it will go 120, 240, 360, or 720.
The singles in the 120, 240, and 720, must be made by the same method
with those in Old Triples and Doubles, page 109. And to ring 360, every
time the 1.2 lie together before, the single must be made behind; and when
1.2.3 lie together there, then the single in the fourth and fifth places.

Oxford Double Bob.
Triples, Doubles, and Singles.

123456 246135
214365 421653
241356 412635
423165 146253
243615 142635
426351 416253
243651 461235
426315
When the Treble leaves the two first bells, they dodg until it comes
there again; but in all other respects ’tis the same with the former. And the
singles in the 120, 240, 360, and 720, to be made as in that Peal.

Oxford Single Bob.

The method of this Peal is the same in all respects with Oxford Single
Bob, Triples Doubles and Singles, excepting the bobs in this peal, which are
made in stead of the singles in that. By making of bobs it will go 180 or
360. The bob is a double change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the
bell in the fourth place lieth still.
To ring 180, there must be a whole and half-hunt; and when the whole-
hunt is before and the half-hunt behind, the next change is to be a bob.
To ring 360, there must be a whole, half, and quarter-hunt, viz.
First, when the whole-hunt comes to lead, and the half-hunt to fall behind,
the next change is a bob: and
Secondly, when the whole-hunt leads before the quarter-hunt, and the
half-hunt is in the fifth place, the next change is also a bob.
The 1 and 5 may be the whole and half-hunts in the 180, and 1.5.3 the
whole, half, and quarter-hunts in the 360, or others at pleasure.

Oxford Double Bob.

The method of this peal is the same in all respects with Oxford double
Bob before, excepting the bobs in this peal, which are made instead of the
singles in that. The bobs are here made in the same manner, and call’d by
the same rule in the 180 and 360, as in Oxford single Bob next before; and
the two extreams in the 720, both in this and the last peal, must be made
according to the general rule in the Introduction.

Oxford Triple Bob.
123456
214365
124356
213465
231456
324165
321456
234165
243615
426351
423615
246351
264531
625413
624531
265413
256143
521634
526143
251634
215643
126534
216543
125634
152364
513246
153264
512346
521364
The Treble is the whole-hunt, and hath a dodging course. When it
leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it leads, and then a double is made
on the four middle bells, which parts the two hind bells; but then the two
hind bells dodg again until the Treble displaceth them. Every bell leads

twice (except when the Treble dodgeth there) and as they hunt up and down
do make a dodg in the third and 4th places. When the Treble moves up from
dodging before, the bell that dodged there with it continues in the first and
2d places, lying twice together in each, until the Treble comes down to dodg
there with it again. By this method it will go 120, and by making of bobs it
will go 360. At the bobs the bell in the fourth place lieth still. The warning
for them is this, When the half-hunt leads, and the Treble moves down, and
dodgeth there with it, a bob must then be made at that leading of the Treble.
The 3 may be the half-hunt, or any other.

Oxford Triple Bob, the second way.

123456 254613
214365 245163
124356 421536
213465 425163
231645 241536
326154 214356
321645 123465
236154 213456
263514 124365
625341 142635
623514 416253
265341 146235
256431 412653
524613 421563
526431 245136
This peal is in all respects the same with that next before, except the
double change which is made when the Treble moves up out of the second
place, and also down into that place again, which is here made on the four
middle bells, and consequently parts the two hind bells, which in the former
peal continued dodging together. This will also go 360, the bobs being
made, in the same manner, and also the warning for them the same, as in the
former peal.

Oxford Riddle, or the Hermophrodite.

Treble is the whole-hunt; whilst ’tis hunting up the two last bells dodg,
and whilst
123456 341652
214365 314562
241356 135426
423165 134562
432615 315426
346251 351462
432651 534126
346215 543216
436125
’tis hunting down the two first. Every time it leads and lieth behind,
the double is made on the four farthest bells from it. Every bell leads twice
and lieth behind twice, except the dodging hinder. By this method it will go
sixty changes triples and doubles, and then by making of singles as in Old
triples and doubles, it will go 120, 240, or 720.

My Lord. 144.

123456
213465
231456
324156
342516
432561
423651
243615
234165
321465
312456
132465
123645
——————
Doubles. Treble is a perfect Hunt. Every bell leads twice, and then
moves up into the third place where it lieth twice, and then moves down
again except the motion of the Treble hindreth. When the Treble goeth to
lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells; and
when it leadeth, ’tis on the four middle bells. But when it leadeth, and the 6
lieth behind, then a single in the third and fourth places.
If a double be made on the four hind bells, at every third leading of the
Treble it will go 180 compleat doubles; and then by making of two singles
it will go 360, or with four singles 720.

Seventeen Peals composed at Cambridge, by Mr.
S.S.

My Honey. 1 and 2.

12345 31254 54321
21354 31245 45231
21345 13254 54231
23154 45213
23145 13524 54213
32415 15342 45123
23415 45132
32451 15432 41523
23451 51423 41532
32541 51432 14523
23541 54123
32514 54132 14253
23514 45312 12435
32154 54312
32145 45321 12453
In this peal there is a whole-hunt and an half-hunt. The whole-hunt
lieth always four times before, and four times behind, and twice in every
other place. The two hindmost bells always dodg ’till the whole-hunt
hindreth, except when the whole-hunt is before, at which time there are four
changes made of a four and twenty doubles and singles; the first of which is
a double change brought in by the course of the bells (as in the following
peal appeareth) 13254; the second is a single in the third and fourth places
(13524); the third is a double on the four last (15342), and the fourth a
single again in the third and fourth places (15432), except when the half-
hunt is with the whole-hunt before, then it is to be an extream behind. When
the whole-hunt leaves the third’s place hunting up, the two formost bells
dodg till it returns into the same place again.

The Whirligigge. 1 and 5.

In this peal, first the bells dodg behind (and not before) till the whole-
hunt hindreth them; and the next course they dodg in like manner before
(and not behind) till the whole-hunt hindreth them; and so by turns
throughout the whole peal. When the whole-hunt is before, if the bells were
dodging behind before it came to lead, single behind; if they were dodging
before, single in second’s and third’s place; and when the whole-hunt leads,
and half-hunt is in Tenor’s place, there is always an extream to be made in
3d and 4th place, which is every fourth time the whole-hunt leads.
21354 51243 31245 41352
23145 52134 32154 43125
32415 25314 23514 34215
34251 52341 25341 43251
43521 25431 52431 34521
45312 52413 54213 43512
54132 25143 45123 34152
51423 21534 41532 31425
15432 12354 14523
15423 13254 14532 13425

Jack-on-both-sides. 1 and 5.

21354 45132 52143 32514 23451 53421
23145 54312 25413 23541 32541 35412
32415 45321 52431 32451 23514 53142
34251 54231 25341 34215 32154 51324
43521 45213 52314 43125 31245 15234
34512 54123 25134 41352 13254
43152 51432 21543 14325 13524 15243
41325 15342 12534 14235 31542 51423
14352 12354 41253 35124
14532 15324 21345 42135 53214
41523 51234 23154 24315 35241
In this peal the bells always dodg both before and behind, till the
whole-hunt hindreth them; except when both the Hunts are together either
before or behind; for then the two farthest bells from the Hunts do leave
dodging for the next change onely which is always a double made by the
two Hunts and the two next bells to them. The singles and extreams are
made as in the Old Doubles.

Winwick Doubles. 1 and 3.

In this peal, first, the two hindmost bells dodg till the whole-hunt
hindreth them, till the first single is made: and then the two formost bells
dodg ’till the whole-hunt hindreth them, until there be made another single,
and so they continually dodg successively throughout the whole peal. There
are six singles which are made in the same manner as in St. Dunstan’s
Doubles, page 127.
21354 41532 31254 41523
23145 45123 32145 45132
32415 54213 23415 54312
34251 52431 32451 45321
43521 25341 23541 54231
45312 23514 32514 45213
54132 32154 23154 54123
51423 31245 21345 51432
15432 13254 12435 15342
14523 14253
13524 15324

Non-such. 1 and 2.
In this peal the bells always dodg both behind and before till the
whole-hunt hindreth them, except when both the Hunts are together either
behind or before: for then the bells omit dodging for the next change, as in
Jack-on-both-sides. There are four singles which are all made in the 3d and
4th places every third time that the whole-hunt leads.
21435 25134 32415 53214 54231 34521
24153 52314 23451 35241 45321 35412
42513 25341 32541 53421 43512 53142
24531 52431 23514 54312 34152 51324
42351 25413 32154 45132 31425 15342
24315 52143 31245 41523 13452
42135 51234 13254 14532 14325 15432
41253 15243 15423 41352
14235 12534 13524 51432 43125
12453 21354 31542 54123 34215
21543 23145 35124 45213 43251

Cambridg Delight. 2 and 4.

In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt
hinders them. When the whole-hunt leaves the thirds place hunting up, the
two foremost bells dodg till the half-hunt hinders them, whose course is the
same with the course of the half-hunt in Grandsire. There are two singles
which are made by the same rule as in Grandsire.
13254 15243 14235 45231
31524 12534 41325 42513
13542 21543 43152 24531
31452 25134 34512 25413
34125 52143 35421 52431
43215 51234 53241 54213
42351 15324 52314 45123
24315 51342 25341 41532
23451 15432 23514 14352
32415 14523 32541 13425
34251 41253 35214 31245
43521 42135 53124 32154
45312 24153 35142 23145
54132 21435 53412
51423 12453 54321 23154

Cambridg Delight, another way.
1 and 4.

21354 51234 31524
23145 52143 35142
32415 25413 53412
34251 24531 54321
43521 42351 45231
45312 43215 42513
54132 34125 24153
51423 31452 21435
15432 13425 12453
14523 14352 14235
41532 41325 41253
45123 43152 42135
54213 34512 24315
52431 35421 23451
25341 53241 32541
52314 35214 23514
25134 53124 32154
21543 51342 31245
12534 15324 13254
15243 13542
13245
In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt
hinders, as in the former Peal. When the half-hunt leaves the 3ds place
hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till the whole-hunt hinders. It
differeth from the former peal in this; That whereas in that the bells always
begin to dodg before when the whole-hunt leaves third’s place, and are
parted by the half-hunt; in this they begin to dodg before when the half-hunt
leaves the third’s place, and are parted as well before as behind by the
whole-hunt. It differeth also, in that the half-hunt in this peal always

bobbeth behind on the contrary stroke to what it doth in the former peal;
there are two singles, which are made as in the former peal.

The Dream, upon five bells. 1 and 2.

In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the whole-hunt
hinders, except when the two Hunts are together before. Or it may be rang
by making the two foremost bells dodg always, except the Hunts be
together behind. There are six single changes which are all behind every
other time the whole-hunt leads, the half-hunt at every single lying either in
the 2d or 3ds places.
21435 51342 41235 53142
24153 53124 42153 35412
42513 35214 24513 34521
45231 32541 25431 43251
54321 23451 52341 42315
53412 24315 53214 24135
35142 42135 35124 21453
31524 41253 31542 12543
13542 14235 13524
15324 15342 12534
14253 51324 &c.

The Contention upon five bells. 1 and 2.

In this peal, the two hindmost bells dodg as in the former peal till the
Hunts are together before for twenty changes; and then for the next twenty
changes the two formost bells dodg, except the Hunts are together behind.
There are six singles which are made as in the former peal.
21435 51342 41523 41235
24153 53124 45132 42153
42513 35214 54312 24513
45231 32541 53421 42531
54321 23451 35241 24351
53412 24315 53214 42315
35142 42135 35124 24135
31524 41253 31542 21453
13542 14235 13452 12543
15324 14325
14253 12534
&c.

The Cheat. 1 and 3.

In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg ’till the whole-hunt
hinders, and the two foremost bells dodg ’till either the whole or half-hunt
hinders. Or on the contrary, the two foremost bells may dodg ’till the whole-
hunt hinder, and the two hindmost ’till either the whole-hunt or half-hunt
hinder. Or it may be rang a third way, by joining both these courses
together, ringing twenty changes of it one way, and the next twenty changes
the other way throughout the peal. There are six singles which are all made
behind, every second time the whole-hunt leads; or at pleasure it may be
rang with twelve singles, which are likewise all made behind.
21354 41532 31542 51243
23145 45123 35124 52134
32415 54213 53214 25314
34251 45231 52341 23541
43521 54321 25431 32451
45312 53412 52413 34215
54132 35142 25143 43125
51423 31524 21534 41352
15432 13542 12543 14325
14523 15234
13524 14352
&c.

Topsie-turvie. 1 and 2.

21354 41532 31542 21453
23145 45123 35124 24135
32415 54213 53214 42315
34251 45231 35241 24351
43521 54321 53421 42531
45312 53412 35412 24513
54132 35142 53142 42153
51423 31524 51324 41235
15432 13542 15234 14325
14523 12543
13524 14352
&c.

Jumping Doubles dodging before.

12345 31254 54132 24513 53241 43521
21534 23145 45213 42351 35421 34215
52143 32514 54321 24531 53214 43152
25314 23451 45231 42315 35142 31425
52431 32541 54312 24153 51324 13254
25341 23415 45123 41235 15432
52413 32154 51432 14352 14523 13245
25134 21345 15243 13425 41352 &c.
51243 12453 12534 31542 34125
15324 14235 21453 53124 43512
13542 41523 42135 35412 34251
In this peal every change is a jumping change (in which one bell leaps
over two bells at once,) except when the Treble is either behind or before,
for then there is always a plain double change made, or else a single at the
end of each sixty changes. Treble is a perfect Hunt; the two foremost bells
always dodg until the Treble hinder. When the Treble is hunting up, the
jumping changes are all made by the bell in the Tenor’s place, jumping into
third’s, except only that one when Treble goeth out of second’s place into
third’s; for then the bell in the 3ds place jumps into Trebles, where it
dodgeth with the bell in the 2ds place till Treble hinder. When Treble is
hunting down every jumping change is made by the bell in the 3ds place
jumping into Tenor’s, except when it goeth out of third’s place into
second’s, for then the bell in Treble’s place jumps into 3ds. And observe
always, that when Treble is going to lead the first time, the bell in Tenor’s
place jumps into third’s, and the next time the bell in the third’s place into
Tenor’s throughout the peal. There are two singles which are made, as in
Grandsire.

Jumping Doubles dodging behind.

In this peal Treble is a perfect Hunt, as in the former. The two
hindmost bells always dodg till Treble hinders. When Treble is hunting up
the bell in thirds place always jumps into Treble’s, excepting only when
Treble goeth out of third’s place into fourth’s; for then the bell in Tenor’s
place jumps into 3ds. And observe, that every second time the Treble goeth
out of 4th into 5ths place, the bell in Treble’s place jumps into 3ds; whereas
at other times at the same change the bell in 3ds place jumps into Treble’s.
When Treble leaves the 5ths place hunting down, the bell in the 3ds place
jumps into Treble’s; when she leaves 4ths place the bell in 3ds place jumps
into Tenor’s. When she is either in the 2d or 3ds places hunting down, the
bell in the Treble’s place jumps into 3ds. There are two singles made, as in
the former Peal.
12345 31425 52143 24513 25341 34251
31254 43152 25314 45231 52431 23415
23145 34215 32541 54321 45213 32154
32514 42351 23451 35412 54132 21345
53241 24531 42315 53124 41523 13254
35421 52413 24153 31542 15432
43512 25134 41235 15324 14523 13245
34125 51243 12453 13542 51432 &c.
41352 12534 14235 51324 45123
13425 15243 21453 35142 54312
14352 21534 42135 53214 43521

Symphonie, upon six bells. 1. 2. and 3.

In this peal are 720 changes, all doubles except twelve singles, which
are made as in plain Trebles and Doubles on six bells. The two hindmost
bells always dodg till the whole-hunt hinders them, except when a single is
made in the 4th and 5th places. When the whole-hunt leaves the 4ths place
hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till it leaves the same place again
hunting down: but it may be rang at pleasure to make the bells dodg
perpetually before as well as behind, by making in every twelve changes
two Trebles, one of them when the whole-hunt leaves the 3ds place hunting
up, and the other when it leaves the 4ths place hunting down; so that there
will be in the whole peal Sixscore Treble-changes. When the whole-hunt is
behind, the four foremost bells dodg; when the whole-hunt is before, the
four hindmost dodg.
213465 316254 615342 514623 412536
231456 361245 651324 541632 421563
234165 362154 653142 546123 425136
324615 632514 563412 456213 245316
234651 362541 653421 546231 425361
326451 635241 564321 452631 243561
236415 365214 654312 542613 423516
326145 635124 564132 452163 243156
321654 631542 561423 451236 241365
312645 613524 516432 415263 214356
132654 163542 156423 145236 124365
136245 165324 154632 142563
124635
&c.

Grandsire upon Symphonie. 1. 2. and 6.

This peal of Symphonie may be rang with but two single or two treble
changes at the end of either Eighteenscore, by ringing it with single and
double bobs as in Grandsire Bob. The rule for calling the bobs in this peal
is the very same as in Grandsire Bob, but when the bob-changes are to be
made, the Hunts do not lie in the same order as in Grandsire Bob; for in this
peal at a single bob the whole-hunt leads, the half-hunt in the 5th place, and
the quarter-hunt in the 4th place. And at the first bob of a double bob the
half-huntis in Tenor’s place, and quarter-hunt in 2ds place; and at the later
bob the half-hunt is in the 5th place, and quarter-hunt in 2ds place, just
contrary to what it is in Grandsire Bob. I have prickt this peal with two
Treble changes in every twelve; so that if you make two Trebles more at the
end of either Eighteenscore (which must be made when the whole-hunt is
going to lead just two changes sooner than if you should have made a
single) there will then be in the whole 720 just Sixscore and two Treble
changes.
213465 316254 316542 316425 612354
231456 361245 361524 361452 621345
324165 632154 635142 634125 263154
234615 362514 365412 364215 623514
324651 632541 635421 634251 263541
236451 365241 364521 362451 625341
326415 635214 634512 632415 265314
236145 365124 364152 362145 625134
321654 631542 631425 631254 261543
312645 613524 613452 613245 216534
132654 163542 163425 163254 126543
136245 162345 125634
136524 136452 &c.

Trebles and Doubles on six Bells with six Singles. 1. 2. and 3.
214365 321456 153462 164352
241635 234165
426153 243615 135426 146532
462513 426351 145623
645231 462531 153246
654321 645213 152364 154263
563412 654123 152436
536142 561432 125634
351624 516342 126543 125346
315264 153624 sing.
132546 bob. 162453 125364
135264 135642 164235 &c.
312546
146325
bob.
This peal is taken out of the Dream upon five bells. Every time the
whole-hunt is before, there being two changes of that peal made in this.
Every bell is a perfect Hunt, when the whole-hunt is before dodg on the four
hindmost, except the half-hunt be either in the 5th or Tenor’s place, then
always bob as in Grandsire Bob, except the quarter-hunt lieth next to the
half-hunt, for then it is always to be a dodg on the four hindmost. Every
other time that the whole-hunt and half-hunt come together before, there is
single which is always made behind.

A Twelvescore Trebles and Doubles. upon Six Bells.

214365 234165 261453 156423
241356 324156 216435 165243
423165 231465 124653
243156 213456 214635 615234
421365 124365 126453 165324
412356 162435
143265 142635 614253 163542
142356 416253 612435 136452
413265 461235 164253
431256 642153 146235 316425
342165 641235 412653 136245
432156 462153 142563
341265 426135 132654
314256 241653 145236 123564
132465 421635 154326
134256 246153 213546
312465 264135 514362 123456
321456 621453 154632
624135
In this peal the four foremost bells go a four and twenty Doubles and
Singles, observing always, That for one Four and Twenty the bell in the
Treble’s place is the hunting bell, and for the next the bell in the 4ths place
throughout the peal, the two hindmost bells always dodging till the end of
the Twenty Four; at which time there is a double made (if the bell in the
Treble’s place was the Hunt in the Twenty Four) on the four middlemost;
but if the bell in the 4ths place was the hunting bell, the double is to be
made in Treble and 2d and 4th and 5th places.

Cambridg Bob.

123456 325416
214365 352146
123465 531264
214356 532146
241365 351264
423156 315246
421365 132564
243156 315264
234516 132546
325461 135264
324516 312546
235461 135246
324561 312564
235416 321546
234561 &c.
The Treble hath a constant dodging course; and when it leaves the two
hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again, except when the Treble
dodgeth before, and then they lie still. The two middle bells always dodg
until the Treble comes there. When the Treble leaves dodging before, every
bell leads twice, except when the Treble lieth still behind, and then the two
first bells make a dodg. Bobs are made as in Grandsire Bob, and the
warning for them the same also with that.

Fourteen more Peals, composed at Cambridge.

Doubles and Singles on five Bells.

The Parasite. 1 and 5.

In this peal the Bells behind always dodg, except the Treble prevents
them. When Treble is leaving the 3ds place hunting up, the bells before
dodg at whole pulls, if Tenor be not one of them, until it parts them. The
course of the bells in hunting is the same with Tendring.
12345 35241 31524 42531
21354 35214 31542 42513
21345 53124 35124 24153
23154 53142 35142 24135
23145 51324 53412 21453
32415 51342 53421 21435
32451 15324 54312 12453
23415 15342 54321 12435
23451 13524 45231 14253
32541 13542 45213 14235
32514 &c.

The Tulip. 1 and 2.

21354 51423
21345 51432
23154 54123
23145 54132
32415 45312
32451 45321
23415 54312
23451 54321
32541 45231
32514 45213
23541 54231
23514 54213
32154 45123
32145 45132
31254 41523
31245 41532
13254 14523
13524 14253
15342 12435
15432
12453
&c.
In this peal Treble hunteth as in Tendring. When Treble is in third’s
place hunting up, the bells dodg before at whole-pulls, till it comes and
parts them. When it is in third’s place hunting down the bells behind always
dodg, except it leadeth, till it parts them. When Treble is before there are
four changes of twenty four doubles and singles; whereof the first is
brought in by the hunting of the bells. All the singles in the Twenty four are
made in the 3d and 4ths place, except 1–2 before, then extream behind.

The Honey-suckle. 1 and 2.

In this peal every bell leads four times. While every bell but Treble is
leading, the bells behind always dodg: every 4th change is made by the four

foremost bells. When Treble is leading there are four changes of Twenty
four doubles and singles made as in the former peal. The first change is on
the four bells before.
21435 53421 51342 24351
21453 53412 51324 24315
24135 35142 53142 42135
24153 35124 53124 42153
42513 31542 35214 41235
42531 31524 35241 41253
45213 13254 32514 14523
45231 13524 32541 14253
54321 15342 23451 12435
54312 15432 23415
12453 &c.

Peals on 5 bells, with twelve Singles.

Blunderbus. 1——2.

In this peal every bell is a Hunt. When Treble and 2d are together
either before or behind, the farthest bells from them dodg till either of them
part, excepting the extreams. When the Treble is before a single in 3d and
4th place, which is unmade the next time except 1——————2; for then
the Hunts being together before, the bells behind must dodg according to
the rule forementioned.
21354 14325 13452 51234 23154
23145 41235 13542 15324 21345
32415 42153 31452 15234 12354
34251 24513 34125 51324 12534
43521 25431 43215 53142
34512 52341 42351 35412 21543
43152 53214 24531 53421 25134
41325 35124 25413 35241 &c.
14235 31542 52143 32514

Hudibras. 1 and 2.

In this peal every bell is a Hunt. When Treble is before a single always
in 3d and 4th place which is unmade the next time, except it be 1——2, for
then the bells behind dodg until Treble parts them.

21354 15423 14532 31245 25143
23145 51243 14352 13425 21534
32415 52134 41532 13245 12354
34251 25314 45123 31425 12534
43521 23541 54213 34152
45312 32451 52431 43512 21543
54132 34215 25341 45321 25134
51423 43125 23514 54231 &c.
15243 41352 32154 52413

Weston Doubles. 1 and 5.

In this peal Treble is a perfect Hunt. Every other time Treble is leaving
the 3ds place hunting up, the bells before dodg till it comes and parts them:
the bells behind dodg but when Treble hinders them, except the extremes
which are in 3d and 4ths place when it is 1——2 before; all the other
singles are made behind when Treble is leading. It may be rang by making
all the singles behind, by making the change before it is 1——2 on the bells
before.
12345 13254 51432 45123 32514
21354 13245 15423 41532 23154
23145 31254 15432 14523 21345
32415 32145 51423 14532 12354
23451 23415 54132 41523
32541 24351 45312 45132 12534
23514 42531 54321 54312 &c.
32154 45213 45231 53421
31245 54123 54213 35241

Peals on five bells with 10 singles.

The Antilope.

In this peal the bells hunt as in Grandsire. When Treble is before, a
single is always made by the Tenor, and the bell which followeth it, except
two doubles which are made as the singles in Grandsire. It may be rang like
Cambridg delight either way by observing the same method if like
Cambridg delight the common way; and by making the singles by the half-
hunt and the bell before it, if like Cambridg delight the other way.
21354 15243 34152 24531 53214 41253
23145 12543 31425 25413 52341
32415 21534 13452 52143 25431 15432
34251 25143 13425 51234 24513 14532
43521 52413 31452 15324 42153
45312 54231 34125 13524 41235 12354
54132 45321 43215 31542 14253 Extr.
51423 43512 42351 35124 14235 13245

The Maremaid.

13254 12435
31245 21345
32154 12354
23145 21534
21354 12543
12534 15234
15243 51243
51234 15423
52143 51432
25134 15342
21543 51324
21453 53124
&c.
In this peal behind dodg twelve changes, excepting the sixth which is
made on the bells before, and the twelfth which is a single in the 3d and
4ths places; and twelve changes before, excepting also the sixth, which is
made by the bells behind, and the twelfth which is a single in 2d and 3ds
places. When they dodg behind, every odd change is on the last bells, and
every even one a bob, excepting these two changes. When they dodg
before, every odd change is a bob, and every even one on the four first
bells, excepting likewise those two changes which are made according to
the forementioned rule.

The Checkquer. 1 and 5.

21354 31254
23145 13524
32415 15342
34251 51432
43521 54123
45312 45213
54132 42531
51423 24351
15432 42315
14523 24135
41532 42153
45123 24513
54213 25431
52431 52341
25341 53214
23514 35124
32154 31542
31245 13452
13254 31425
13245 13425
&c.
In this peal the Treble is whole-hunt, and Tenor the half-hunt for
twenty changes; and then Tenor the whole-hunt and treble the half-hunt for
the next twenty, and so they hunt by turns throughout the peal. When Treble
is the whole-hunt the bells behind always dodg, except it hinders them; and
when Tenor is the whole-hunt, the bells before, except that hinders them;
when Treble is before and Tenor dodging behind, a single made by the
Tenor and the bell which dodged with it; when Tenor is behind and Treble
dodging before, a single made by the Treble and the bell which dodgeth
with that.

21354 12543
23145 21453
32415 24135
34251 42315
43521 43251
45312 34521
54132 35412
51423 53142
15432 35124
14523 53214
41532 35241
45123 53421
54213 54312
52431 45132
25341 41523
52314 14532
25134 15423
21543 51243
12534 15234
21534 15243
&c.
This peal may be rang by hunting the Treble and Tenor as before, and
it differeth from it only in this; when it is 1——5 behind in the hunting of
the Treble, the bells before dodg till Tenor parts them; and when it is 1——
5 before, in the hunting of the Tenor the bells behind dodg till Treble parts
them: and then when Treble is the whole-hunt and Tenor half, it is plain
Cambridg delight inverted. It may be rang by hunting the half-hunt, as in
Cambridg Delight the other way, in either of those ways of ringing it, but
then the single is always made by the hunting bell.
An example in that like Cambridg Delight the other way.

Gogmagog. 1. 5.

21354 34512 12543
23145 43152 21534
32415 41325 25143
34251 14352 52413
43521 54231
45312 14325 45321
54132 41352 43512
51423 43125 34152
15243 34215 31425
12534 32451 13452
21543 23541
25134 25314 13425
52314 52134 31452
53241 51243 34125
35421 15234 &c.
In this peal the bells hunt as in Grandsire, and it differeth from it in
this, That there is not every other time a single bob, but in stead of a single
one every other time a double one: so that only once in four times there is a
single bob; when Tenor is dodging behind there is always a single made by
it, and the bell which dodgeth with it if Treble leadeth, otherwise not.

1——4.

This peal may be rung like Cambridg Delight, if every other time the
dodging before be omitted; or it may be rang by dodging constantly as in
Cambridg Delight, by making double bobs and single bobs as in Grandsire:
it may likewise be rang by making the course of the half-hunt in all the
ways of ringing it the same with Cambridg delight the other way; observing
in all of them to make the singles as before directed.
An example of that like Cambridg Delight the other way, in which the
dodging before is every other time omitted. 1——4.

21354 14523 12534 34152 25314
23145 41532 31425 52134
32415 45123 12543 13452 51243
34251 54213 21534 14325 15234
43521 52431 25143 41352
45312 25341 52413 43125 15243
54132 52314 54231 34215 51234
51423 25134 45321 32451 52143
15432 21543 43512 23541

Cambridg Marigold. 1. 2. and 3.

214356 312564 165432
241536 321654 164523
425136 236154
452316 263514 146253
453261 265341 142635
542361 623541
543216 625314 124365
534126 652134 124635
351426 561234 &c.
315246 516324
132546 153624
135264 156342
In this peal are 720 changes, which are all doubles except 12 singles
which are made as in Plain trebles and doubles. Treble is a perfect Hunt,
and except the dodges (which are the same as in Oxford double Bob) every
double change is made by the treble and the three next bells to it: observing
always that the bell in Tenor’s place lieth still ’till it giveth place to the
Treble, or be removed by a dodg behind when the Treble is before. When
Treble leaveth 3ds place hunting up, the bell that then comes before, leads
thrice, and likewise the next bell after it till Treble cometh back into 3ds
place again; at all other times every bell leads twice. The bell in Tenor’s
place lieth five times behind, (and when the single is made in the middle ten

times) till treble remove it; and when treble comes back it lieth five times
more behind, and then is displaced by a dodg behind and hunts down at
whole-pulls. This peal may be rang by making bobs single and double as in
Grandsire Bob with but two singles or two trebles, which must be made just
Eighteen score changes one from the other.

The Nightingall. 1. 2. and 3.

In this peal are 720 changes, which are all doubles except twelve
singles, which are made as in the former peal; and if you ring Grandsire
Bob upon it, there may be but two singles, or else two trebles, as in the
Marigold. Treble is a perfect Hunt: the bells in 4th and 5th places dodg till
treble parts them, and then the two foremost bells do the like for eight
changes together till treble hinders them, and gives way to the other two
bells to dodg again in the 4th and 5th places, which is always for three
changes and no more, except when the single is made in that place, and then
they dodg six times. When treble is behind, dodg the four first; when it is
before on the four last, as in Marigold.

123456 356241
213546 536214
231456 356124
324156 531624
234516 513264
324561 153624
235461 156342
325416
235146 165432
321546 164523
312456
132546 146253
135264 142635
315624
351264 124365
532164 sing.
352614 124635
532641

FINIS.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

Page Changed from Changed to
14 1564364160 1744364160
14 29554290720 29654190720
14 2446144 2496144
14 99728079819200 99638080819200
14 1402645824276320 1402556105125320
15 561058329 561022442
15 140564582 140255610.5
18 one Load, consistng one Load, consisting
of five hundred of five hundred
18 rate of thrteen rate of thirteen
shillings and four shillings and four
pence the pence the
21 I have therefoae I have therefore
penn’d the penn’d the
following Treatise following Treatise
34 cannot soon attain, cannot soon attain,
are therefore much are therefore much
puzled puzzled
47 which we will which we will
imagine so be made imagine to be made
at the at the
59 2d. 3d. 4. 2d. 3d. 4th.
59 3134 1243 2134 2134 1243 2134
64 course, threfore an course, therefore an
extream extream
70 123459 123456
—————— a —————— a
213456 213456
83 13257 15342 14523 13254 15342 14523

86 the motion of the the motion of the
Hunt, (which a little Hunt, (with a little
further further
88 hapens to be single, happens to be
it must be made at single, it must be
the made at the
97 those bels do hunt those bells do hunt
the contrary way, the contrary way,
then the then the
97 of the peal. If the 1 of the peal. If the 1st
or 3d do hunt or 3d do hunt
98 12345 ————— 12345 —————
21435 24135 42315 21435 24135 42315
32351 42351
100 12345 ————— 12345 —————
21354 23154 32513 21354 23154 32514
102 13254 23245 12354 13254 13245 12354
12345 12345
104 single exery time single every time
the treble leads. The the treble leads. The
106 51423 15243 12534 51423 15243 12534
31543 21543
120 31245 23254 13524 31245 13254 13524
131 54231 52413 52134 54231 52413 25431
24513 42153 24513 42153
132 third change at the third change at the
heginning, and that beginning, and that
six six
133 the rest of the the rest of the
changes there are changes there are
made hehind made behind
134 the 2d and 3d places the 2d and 3d places
as hefore as before
134 he made in the 2d be made in the 2d
and 3d places as and 3d places as

hefore before
137 The treble is the
treble is the whole
whole
138 times hehind, and times behind, and
twice in every other twice in every other
place. place.
140 making of bobs it making of bobs it
will will go
145 next time the whole- next time the whole-
hont hunt
149 153624 135642
153624 135642
135652
——————
——————
125463 bob
125463 bob
156 165432 156342 165432 156342
513634 531642 513624 531642
356124 356124
156 165243 156423 165243 156423
—————— ——————
132495 bob 132465 bob
168 ’Tis plainly ’Tis plainly
demonstrable, that demonstrable, that
he Principle the Principle
181 peal, succeeding
peal, succeding each
each other in the
other in the several
several
182 change; and with change; and with
peals of the later, the peals of the latter,
3d the 3d
185 42361875 24368157 42361875 24368157
42631865 24613857 42631875 24613857
42168375 42168375
189 four middle hells, four middle bells,
except the bobs except the bobs
which are which are

192 42513 42531 45214 42513 42531 45213
45231 54321 45231 54321
193 45213 45123 41532 45213 45123 41532
14523 14251 14523 14253
205 dodg till the whole- dodg till the whole-
hunt dindreth them, hunt hindreth them,
till till
206 together either together either
hehind or before: for behind or before: for
then then
212 42315 24153 41231 42315 24153 41235
14352 13425 14352 13425
223 24531 25413 42143 24531 25413 52143
51234 15324 51234 15324
223 31245 13425 63245 31245 13425 13245
31425 34152 31425 34152
225 25143 52413 54131 25143 52413 54231
45321 43512 45321 43512
225 as the singles in as the singles in
Gransire. It may be Grandsire. It may be
rang like rang like
229 54231 45321 43521 54231 45321 43512
34152 31425 34152 31425
229 —————— ——————
146253 142645 146253 142635
—————— ——————

1. Corrected the Errata faults.
2. Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.

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